Do Now • Take out your HW • Read silently Unit 7A Review Answers • • • • • • • • • 1: c 2: c 3: a 4: e 5: a 6: a 7: d 8: e 9: e • • • • • • • 10: b 11: d 12: c 13: d 14: b 15: a Encoding, storage, retrieval, memory strategies Unit 7b Review Answers • • • • • • • • • 1: c 2: d 3: b 4: e 5: a 6: d 7: b 8: a 9: d • • • • • • • 10: e 11: d 12: c 13: a 14: b 15: a Skinner vs. Chomsky Unit 11 Review Answers • • • • • • • • 1: b 2: a 3: e 4: d 5: c 6: b 7: c 8: e • • • • • • • 9: d 10: c 11: e 12: d 13: a 14: a 15: b Unit 11 FRQ • Assume you are going to develop a new test to predict job success for aspiring novelists. Consider how each of the following concepts relates to your task, and describe how you would attempt to accomplish each for your new test. • • • • Content validity Predictive validity Standardization Reliability Jeopardy Instructions • Get into groups based on the names in the pocket chart. Move your desks into the group-work configuration. • Clear your desks of everything but paper and a pen/pencil. Jeopardy Review Game Rules • The first group to “buzz in” initially gets to select the first question. • Groups must conference and may write down the answer before they can “buzz in”. • Select one student who will “buzz in” • I will chose ANY student from the group that I want. The group should conference before they decide to answer the question. It is important that EVERYONE in the group know the answer. • No one else can help the selected student answer the question. If anyone else in the group gives the answer, the group automatically looses the points and another group can buzz in to answer. • If the student gets the question right, the group gets the points and they get to select the next question. • If the student gets the question wrong, the points are subtracted and the next group to buzz in has the opportunity to answer. Again, the TEACHER will select the student who answers the question. If no one gets it right, the last group to have a correct answer will choose the next category. Memory Processes Factors Impacting Memory Problem Solving Language Defining Intelligence Factors Impacting Intelligence 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 Memory Processes 100 The three steps in memory information processing are a. input, processing, output b. Input, storage, output c. Input, storage, retrieval d. Encoding, storage, retrieval Home Memory Processes 200 Home Long-term potentiation refers to a. The disruptive influence of old memories on the formation of new memories b. The disruptive influence of recent memories on the retrieval of old memories c. Our tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood d. The increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning Memory Processes 300 Home Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of a. Implicit memories b. Explicit memories c. Iconic memories d. Echoic memories Memory Processes 400 Home Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that a. When quizzed immediately, people can recall very little, due to the stress of witnessing an accident b. When questioned as little as one day later, their memory was very inaccurate c. Most people had very accurate memories as much as 6 months later d. People’s recall may easily be affected by misleading information Memory Processes 500 Home Which of the following was NOT recommended as a strategy for improving memory? a. Active rehearsal b. Distributed study c. Speed reading d. Encoding meaningful associations Factors Impacting Memory 100 Home You’re visiting your elementary school for the first time since you graduated. You cannot remember the last name of your fourth-grade teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of a. Encoding failure b. Storage failure c. Retrieval failure d. State-dependent memory Factors Impacting Memory 200 Home After finding her old combination lock, Janice can’t remember its combination because she keeps confusing it with the combination of her new lock. She is experiencing a. Proactive interference b. Retroactive interference c. Encoding failure d. Storage failure Factors Impacting Memory 300 Home Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom’s experience showed the role of a. state-dependent memory b. Context effects c. Retroactive interference d. Echoic memory Factors Impacting Memory 400 Home Darren was asked to memorize a list of letters that included v, q, y, and j. He later recalled these letters as e, u, i, and k, suggesting that the original letters had been encoded a. Automatically b. Visually c. Semantically d. Acoustically Factors Impacting Memory 500 Handout #1 Home Problem Solving 100 Home Complete the following analogy: Rose is to flower as a. Concept is to prototype b. Prototype is to concept c. Concept is to hierarchy d. Hierarchy is to concept Problem Solving 200 Home Vanessa is a very creative sculptress. We would expect that Vanessa also a. Has an exceptionally high intelligence test score b. Is quite introverted c. Has a venturesome personality and is intrinsically motivated d. Lacks expertise in most other skills Problem Solving 300 Home Marilyn was asked to solve a series of five math problems. The first four problems could only be solved by a particular sequence of operations. The fifth problem could also be solved following this sequence; however, a much simpler solution was possible. Marilyn did not realize this simpler solution and solved the problem in the way she had solved the first four. Her problem solving strategy is hampered by a. Functional fixedness b. The overconfidence phenomenon c. Mental set d. Her lack of prototype for the solution Problem Solving 400 Home During a televised political debate, the Republican and Democratic candidates each argued that the results of a recent public opinion poll supported their party’s platform regarding job creation. Because both candidates saw the information as supporting their belief, it is clear that both were victims of a. Functional fixedness b. Mental set c. Belief perseverance d. Confirmation bias Problem Solving 500 Home Boris the chess master selects his next move by considering moves that would threaten his opponent’s queen. His opponent, a chess-playing computer, selects its next move by considering all possible moves. Boris is using a(n) _____ and the computer is using a(n) ______. a. algorithm; heuristic b. Prototype; mental set c. Mental set; prototype d. Heuristic; algorithm Language 100 Home Syntax refers to a. Sounds in a word b. Rules for grouping words into sentences c. Rules by which meaning is derived from sentences d. Overall rules for language Language 200 Home The word “predates” contains ___ phonemes and ____ morphemes. a. 7; 3 b. 3; 7 c. 7; 2 d. 3; 2 Language 300 Home The child who says “Milk gone” is engaging in _______. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of _______. a. babbling, syntax b. Telegraphic speech, syntax c. Babbling; semantics d. Telegraphic speech; semantics Language 400 Home Which of the following is NOT cited by Chomsky as evidence that language acquisition cannot be explained by learning alone? a. Children master the complicated rules of grammar with ease b. Children create sentences they have never heard c. Children make the kinds of mistakes that suggest they are attempting to apply rules of grammar d. Children raised in isolation from language spontaneously begin speaking words Language 500 Home Complete the following: -ed is to sh as _____ is to _________ a. phoneme; morpheme b. Morpheme; phoneme c. Grammar; syntax d. Syntax; grammar Defining Intelligence 100 Home If asked to guess the intelligence score of a stranger, your best guess would be a. 75 b. 100 c. 125 d. I don’t know, intelligence scores vary to widely Defining Intelligence 200 Home If you wanted to develop a test of musical aptitude in North American children, which would be the appropriate standardization group? a. Children all over the world b. North American children c. Children with musical parents d. Children with known musical ability Defining Intelligence 300 Home Don’s intelligence scores were only average, but he has been enormously successful as a corporate manager. Psychologists Sternberg and Wagner would probably suggest a. Don’s verbal intelligence exceeds his performance intelligence b. Don’s performance intelligence exceeds his verbal intelligence c. Don’s academic intelligence exceeds his practical intelligence d. Don’s practical intelligence exceeds his academic intelligence Defining Intelligence 400 Home Melvin has been diagnosed with savant syndrome, which means that he a. Has an IQ of 120 or higher b. Would score high on a test of analytical intelligence c. Is limited in mental ability but has one exceptional ability d. Was exposed to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development Defining Intelligence 500 Home Twenty-two-year-old Dan has an intelligence score of 63 and the academic skills of a fourthgrader, and he is unable to live independently. Dan PROBABLY a. Has Down syndrome b. Has savant syndrome c. Is intellectually disabled d. Will eventually achieve self-supporting social and vocational skills Factors Impacting IQ 100 Home Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores. This suggests that the test has a. High content validity b. High reliability c. High predictive validity d. Been standardized Factors Impacting IQ 200 Home Before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is a ______ test. Before entering college, high school students must take the SAT, which is an ____ test. a. achievement; aptitude b. Aptitude; achievement c. Achievement; achievement d. Aptitude; aptitude Factors Impacting IQ 300 Home You would not use a test of hearing acuity as an intelligence test because it would lack a. Content reliability b. Predictive reliability c. Predictive validity d. Content validity Factors Impacting IQ 400 Home To say that the heritability of a trait is approximately 50 percent means a. That genes are responsible for 50 percent of the trait in an individual, and the environment is responsible for the rest. b. That the trait’s appearance in a person will reflect approximately equal genetic contributions from both parents c. That of the variation in the trait within a group of people, 50 percent can be attributed to heredity. d. All of these things Factors Impacting IQ 500 Home A school psychologist found that 85 percent of those who scored above 115 on an aptitude test were A students and 75 percent of those who scored below 85 on the test were D students. The psychologist concluded that the test had high a. Content validity because scores on it correlated highly with the criterion behavior b. Predictive validity because scores on it correlated highly with the criterion behavior c. Content validity because scores on it correlated highly with the target behavior d. Predictive validity because scores on it correlated highly with the target behavior