mitropoliti anania jafariZe
regionebis TviTmmarTveloba
_ `Tu es ganxorcielda Cven mivalT
saqarTvelos daSlamde~
(ara TviTmmarTveli regionebi, aramed
TviTmmarTveli qalaqebi da soflebi)
Tbilisi
2013
1
uwmidesma patriarqma ilia II-m mouwoda saqarTvelos xelisuflebas _ `ar
daaCqaros TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis
miReba. es Tu ganxorcielda Cven mivalT
saqarTvelos daSlamde, Cven arasdros
SevurigdebiT amas da yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom es ar Sesruldes, yvela raioni uSualod unda daukavSirdes xelisuflebas, mas ar sWirdeba Sua rgoli,
xelisuflebam TviTon unda mixedos yvela raionis gasaWirs~
ilia II
saqarTvelos okupirebisTanave, 1922 wlis aprilis TveSi, daarsda samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, bolSevikebi saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebsac Sepirdnen TviTmmarTvelobas, avtonomiuri uflebebis miniWebas, amiT
SeSfoTebuli saqarTvelos imJamindeli patriarqi wmida
ambrosi xelaia iZulebuli gaxda Careuliyo saxelmwifo
saqmeebSi da etvirTa erovnuli interesebis dacva saerTaSoriso asparezze, cxadia is daapatimres.
sasamarTlo procesze wmida ambrosim kategoriuli
gancxadeba gaakeTa regionebis avtonomiebis miuReblobisaTvis, patriarqma brZana: `ra saWiro iyo saqarTvelos
dayofa avtonomiebad, gansakuTrebiT ra saWiro iyo oseTisa da aWaris respublikebis daarseba, amJamad saWiroa
Tu ara yvela mazras, Temsa da sofels, qondes avtonomiuri uflebebi~ _ es sityvebi brZana patriarqma 70 wlis
win da dResac, radgan ayalibeben axal avtonomiur da
TviTmmarTvel regionebs albaT is imave kiTxvas dasvamda.
2
amJamindeli e.w. `municipalitetebis gaerTianebiT~
Camoyalibebuli TviTmmarTveli regioni igivea, rac
bolSevikebis mier Camoyalibebuli samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi. Tu amJamad TviTmmarTvel regionebSi
qmnian `municipalitetTa gaerTianebis sabWos~, imJamad
Seqmnes regionis `saxalxo deputatTa sabWo~.
1990 wels swored samxreT oseTis `saxalxo deputatTa sabWom miiRo dadgenileba samxreT oseTis sabWoTa
respublikad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb. ruseTis federaciam ki
samxreT oseTis respublika damoukidebel saxelmwifod
gamoacxada da dRes iq, saqarTvelos uZveles miwaze, ruseTis jaria Cayenebuli.
rogorc Zvelad bolSevikebis dros, ise amJamadac
erTidaigive gaismis _ `regionebs maTi ganviTarebis mizniT
vaniWebT TviTmmarTvelobas~.
berZnuli sityva avtonomia, qarTulad ase iTargmneba
_ `sakuTari kanonebiT marTuli, TviTmmarTveli~, maSasadame TviTmmarTveloba igivea, rac avtonomia. (aseve ganimarteba leqsikonebSic, asevea miTiTebuli, rom TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis moZraoba daiwyo italiis qalaqebSi,
raTa qalaqis mmarTvel warCinebulebs, burJuebisaTvisac
gaeziarebinaT da bolos mTlianad daeTmoT Zalaufleba.
Camoyalibda warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi Sesabamisi avtonomiurobis xarisxiT, sabolood ki es procesi ase
ganimarteba, saxelmwifo Tavis Zalauflebas gadascems
TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri erTeulis warmomadgenlobiT organos).
3
wmida ambrosi xelaia cxadia winaaRmdegi iyo ara soflebis da qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobisa, aramed eTnikuri
niSniT Camoyalibebuli regionebisa, rogoric iyo samxreT
oseTis avtonomiuri olqi. misi dapatimrebis Semdeg presaSi acxadebdnen, rom am olqis deputatTa sabWo, mxolod
socialur sakiTxebze izrunebda, gaiyvanda gzebs, wylis
arxebs, daexmareboda xalxs miwis damuSavebisas. da mas
ar eqneboda umaRlesi saxelmwifo organos funqciebi,
magram istoriam gviCvena, rom gamarTlda wmida ambrosi
xelaias SiSi. 1990 wels TviTmmarTveli regionis deputatTa sabWom rogorc iTqva, miiRo gadawyvetileba
saqarTvelodan Tavisi regionis gayvanis Sesaxeb. amJamadac Tuki Camoyalibdeba TviTmmarTveli regionebi, ruseTis imperia da sxva dainteresebuli saxelmwifoebi uTuod
ipovian gzebs saqarTvelodan am regionebis CamosaSoreblad, Tu maSin bolSevikebma didi winaaRdegobis gamo
mxolod sami TviTmmarTveli regioni Seqmnes, amJamad
apireben afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis garda Seiqmnas 9 TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri
regioni. guriisa, imereTisa, kaxeTisa, mcxeTa-mTianeTisa, raWa-leCxum qvemo svaneTisa, samegrelo zemo svaneTisa, samcxe-javaxeTisa, qvemo qarTlisa da Sida qarTlisa.
imJamad wmida ambrosi xelaias poziciiT aRSfoTebuli komunisturi sazogadoeba da presa patriarqs brals
sdebda, rom is Seexo saxelmwifo saqmeebs, rom radganac
maT SeZles saxelmwifosgan eklesiis gamoyofa, amitomac
ambrosi xelaias ufleba ar qonda Careuliyo saxelmwifo
saqmeebSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT ambrosi xelaiam ganacxa-
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da sasamarTloze Semdegi: `mqonda Tu ara me ufleba,
rogorc sasuliero pirs Sevxebodi politikur sakiTxebs, meubnebian, rom Cems uflebebs gadavamete da Caverie
saxelmwifo wyobilebisa da marTva-gamgeobis sakiTxebSi,
marTalia Cven vicavT princips mieci `keisrisa keisars,
da RvTisa RmerTs~, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom pirSi
wyali CaviyenoT da ara vTqvaT ra, rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe Zalebis moZalebas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisaTvis saziano Secdomebs da sazogadod ar vitvirToT xalxis samsaxuri, misi interesebis dacva da misi
mwuxarebis sagani ar vamcnoT qveyanas, yvelafers amas
qristianuli moZRvreba ar gvikrZalavs, qristes ebraleboda eri, mas emsaxureboda da masze zrunavda. basili
didi, grigoli RvTismetyveli da ioane oqropiri, ibrZodnen qveynis xelisuflebis usamarTlobasTan. samRvdeloeba
yovelTvis iyo damcveli saqarTveloSi Tavisuflebis
ideisa. rusebis damkvidrebis xanaSi eris Tavisuflebis
dasacavad quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebi saTaveSi Caudgnen xalxis ajanyebas rusebis winaaRmdeg. gadasaxlebulma eqvTime genaTelma moaxerxa imperatoris naxva
da mas `axali neroni~ uwoda, rogorc sarwmunoebrivi ise
istoriuli magaliTebi uflebas maZleven xmis amoRebisas, da eklesias evaleba erovnuli interesebis dacva~.
samwuxaroa, rom saukunis Semdeg, dRes imaves vimeorebT, rogorc wmida ambrosis miaCnda regionebis avtonomiebi saSiSad da miuReblad saqarTvelos mTlianobisaTvis, ase migvaCnia Cven dRes da es sakiTxi aris ara
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis sakiTxi, aramed erovnuli sa-
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kiTxi, im eris mTlianobisa, romelic qmnis saqarTvelos
wmida eklesias, romlis meTauric aris macxovari ieso
qriste. amitomac mouwoda saqarTvelos patriarqma ilia
II-m xelisuflebas `ar daaCqaros TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis miReba. es Tu ganxorcielda Cven mivalT saqarTvelos daSlamde, Cven arasdros SevurigdebiT amas da
yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom es ar Sesruldes, yvela raioni
uSualod unda daukavSirdes xelisuflebas, mas ar sWirdeba Sua rgoli, xelisuflebam TviTon unda mixedos yvela raionis gasaWirs~.
Cvens xelT aris saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier momzadebuli saqarTvelos organuli kanoni, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, romelic dasamtkiceblad gadaeca saqarTvelos parlaments. Cven gavecaniT am kodeqss
da migvaCnia, rom es aris saqarTvelos daSlis samarTlebrivi meqanizmis Seqmnis mcdeloba, es aris saqarTvelos danawevrebis dakanonebis mcdeloba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Cven ar gvaRelvebs qalaqebisa da
soflebis TviTmmarTvelobis SemoReba, aramed gvaRelvebs
saqarTveloSi eTnikuri niSniT TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri regionebis Camoyalibeba. Seicavs Tu ara is
separatizmis safrTxes? _ mravalma oficialurma pirma
amis Sesaxeb ganacxada, rom ar Seicavs, magram TviT dokumentis avtori, anu saqarTvelos mTavroba, am dokumentis #161-e muxlSi acxadebs, rom is Seicavs separatizmis safrTxes. am muxlSi naTqvamia: `1. sakrebulos
daTxovna an misi saqmianobis SeCereba xdeba ... Tu warmomadgenlobiTi organos moqmedebiT safrTxe Seeqmna qvey-
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nis suverenitets, qveynis mTlianobas, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis konstituciur ufleba-movaleobaTa
ganxorcielebas~. maSasadame, imas, rom dokumentis amoqmedeba Seicavs separatizmis safrTxes, amas TviT es kodeqsi aRiarebs da amitom misi amoqmedeba SesaZloa safrTxis
Semcveli iyos saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis da qveynis suverenitetisaTvis.
am dokumentis me-7 kari Zalzed saxifaToa da es gulisxmobs regionebSi eTnikuri niSnis mixedviT avtonomiuri
olqebis anu regionebis Camoyalibebas.
me-7 karis dasaTaureba aseTia: `municipalitetTa regionuli gaerTianeba~. mis I muxlSi naTqvamia: `gaerTianebis
uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebis teritoria emTxveva
saxelmwifo rwmunebulebis-gubernatoris uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebis teritorias. gaerTianeba warmoadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs~.
167-e muxlis Tanaxmad gaerTianebis kolegialuri organoa gaerTianebis sabWo, gaerTianeba uflebamosilia `ganaxorcielos da daamtkicos regionis ganviTarebis strategia~.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sabWos formirebis wesi.
169-e muxlis I-II punqtis Tanaxmad `sabWos formireba xdeba maTSi gaerTianebuli municipalitetebis, sakrebuloebis wevrTagan. kerZod, municipalitetebis warmomadgenlebis raodenoba ganisazRvreba TiToeul municipalitetSi registrirebul yovel 10 000 amomrCevelze sakrebulos erTi wevriT~. regionTa mmarTveli sabWos wevrebis
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arCevis am wesiTac Cans, rom regionebi TviTmmarTvelni
anu avtonomiurebi xdebian eTnikuri niSniT. aviRoT magaliTad qvemo qarTlis regioni, aq sabWos wevrad airCeva 10 000 amomrCevelze sakrebulos 1 wevri. qvemo qarTlSi
sainterneto monacemebiT cxovrobs 300 000 mde azerbaijaneli (daaxloebiT 284 000) da 100 000 mde qarTveli
(daaxloebiT 94 000), aqedan Cans, rom sabWoSi arCevnebis
Semdeg warmomadgeneli deputatebis 2/3 anu sabWos umravlesoba mudam iqnebian azerbaijanelebi, umciresoba
ki qarTvelebi, Sesabamisi iqneba sabWos gadawyvetilebebi. ruseTis imperia (an sxva romelime dainteresebuli
saxelmwifo) mudam ipovis gzebs da saSualebebs, raTa daarwmunos sabWos umravlesoba, rom maTi regionis ganviTarebisaTvis umjobesi iqneba Tu regioni gamoacxadebs damoukideblobas anda Seva sxva ufro mdidari, Zlieri da stabiluri saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi. gana aseve ar gamoyo
e.w. samxreT oseTis avtonomiurma saolqo sabWom Tavisi
regioni saqarTvelodan?
30 welze metia samxreT saqarTvelos regionebis episkoposi var, vicnob mraval azerbaijanul da somxur ojaxs,
mraval kaTolikes, berZens da sxvebs da Cemi dakvirvebiT
davrwmundi, rom xalxs arc azerbaijanels, arc somxebs
da arc sxvebs ar gaaCniaT araviTari separatistuli ganzraxvebi, separatizmisken maT ubiZgebs mTavrobidan wamosuli Seusabamo qmedebebi, ekonomikis ganuviTarebloba, sacxovrebeli pirobebis mougvarebloba da saqarTvelos mTavrobis iniciativebi, rom maTgan eTnikuri regionebi Seqmnan. es cxadia maT TandaTanobiT gauRvivebs
da Camouyalibebs separatistul miznebs.
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kodeqsis Tanaxmad regionSi saqarTvelos mTavrobas
warmoadgens saxelmwifo rwmunebul-gubernatori. zogierTi muxlis mixedviT regionis sabWos ufro meti uflebebi aqvs vidre gubernators. magaliTad: is mTavrobis
winaSe ayenebs sakiTxs gubernatoris gadayenebisa (mux.
172,z). gubernatori pasuxismgebelia sabWos mier damtkicebuli saproeqto ganacxadebis aRsrulebaze, sabWo
uflebamosilia gubernatorisgan moiTxovos informacia,
xolo gubernatori valdebulia sabWos aT dReSi miawodos informacia da Sesabamisi angariSiT warsdges sabWos
winaSe (muxli 174).
175-e muxliT is kidev ufro eqvemdebareba sabWos _
`sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebeli
aris saxelmwifo rwmunebuli-gubernatori~. (mux. 175.1).
gubernatori `uzrunvelyofs sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas (mux.175. 2,a) aqedan Cans, rom regionis sakanonmdeblo (anu ufro zustad, dadgenilebaTa
mimRebi) organo aris sabWo, xolo aRmasrulebeli aris
gubernatori da misi administracia, romelic weliwadSi
aranakleb erTxel sabWos warudgens saqmianobis angariSs.
(mux.175,2,e). 176-e muxliT marTalia municipalitetTa
regionul gaerTianebas saqarTvelos mTavroba akontrolebs, magram kodeqsSi araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb
Tu ra aris am kontrolis meqanizmi.
zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, rom kodeqsis realuri mizani aris ara imdenad qalaqebisa da soflebis TviTmmarTvelobebis Camoyalibeba, aramed eTnikuri avtonomi-
9
uri regionebis Camoyalibeba. samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo
qarTlis garda, rogorc aRvniSneT qarTlisa, kaxeTisa,
imereTisa da sxvaTa. aqedanac Cans, rom dokumentis avtorebs, qarTlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi da sxvebi eTnikur jgufebad miaCniaT da Tu asea, maSin isini unda cdilobdnen ara erTmaneTisagan maT dacalkevebas teritoriuli avtonomiebiT, aramed maT integracias da erTian
naciad gadaqcevas.
`qarTveli naciis konsolidacia~ _ yovlad miuReblad
miaCnia ruseTis federaciis erT-erT ideologs, vinme r.
vaxitovs, romelmac Sesabamisi werili dabeWda moskovis
`literaturnaia gazetaSi~ da gaaJRera, rom ruseTis imperiis nebaa _ `ar dauSvas qarTveli naciis konsolidacia~, am werilSi is mouwodebs qvemo qarTlis regionis
azerbaijanul umravlesobas, moiTxovon avtonomiis Seqmna. is moiTxovs aWaris avtonomiis uflebebis gazrdas.
vrclad msjelobs imis Sesaxeb, rom erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian, rogorc is ambobs, `qarTvelebi da svanebi~,
kaxelebi, imerlebi, megrelebi da sxvebi, rom isini sxvadasxva eTnosebi arian, winaswarmetyvelebs saqarTvelos
daSla-danawevrebas am niSniT, da aJRerebs moskovis gegmas saqarTveloSi, avtonomiuri regionebis Seqmnisa. mas
2009 wlis ianvarSi upasuxes akademikosma mariam lorTqifaniZem da profesorma giorgi oTxmezurma da Cvenc maT
Soris.
qarTveli eris konsolidaciis dabali done aimedebT
imperialistebs, rom saqarTvelo daiSleba Sinagani
winaaRmdegobiT, maTi erT-erTi ideologi borozdini, jer
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kidev me-19 saukuneSi werda _ `Sua saukuneTa saqarTvelos istoria sxva ara iyo ra Tu ara mudmivi omebi. patara samTavroebi: imereTisa, svaneTisa, guriisa, samegreloisa da afxazeTisa sul mudam erTmaneTs ebrZodnen,
erTi-meores swewavdnen, Zneli iyo kacs gaego maTis daucxromelis brZolis mizezi da mebrZolni rogorme Seerigebina~ (k. borozdini, samegrelo da svaneTi, 1934, gv.
258). axlac didi imedi aqvT, rom arakonsolidirebuli
qarTveli eri daiSleba. misma mTavrobebma ver SeZles
xalxis namdvili survilis aRsruleba, anu ekonomikis
aRzeveba. amis gamo xalxi aRar mravldeba, soflebi da
regionebi carieldeba da samuSaos saZebnelad ucxoeTSi
garbis xalxi, maT Soris regionebSi mcxovrebni, iTxoven
ara axali administraciuli erTeulebis Camoyalibebas,
aramed cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, raTa axalgazrdebma dagegmon TavianTi ojaxis Seqmna da qveyanaSi
ar iyos aseul-aTasobiT dauqorwinebeli qal-vaJi da
yovelwliurad ar keTdebodes aseul-aTasobiT aborti.
dacarielebul raWis regions avtonomia esaWiroeba? Tu
ekonomikis aRorZineba mimarTuli xalxis gamravlebisaken! internetSi devs sabuTi romelSic asaxulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis SeSfoTeba, rom 2050 wlisTvis
kidev ori milioniT Semcirdeba qarTvelTa raodenoba.
Seiqmneba safrTxe, rom TviTon qarTvelebi saqarTveloSi eTnikur umciresobad iqcevian, am sakiTxebze ufro
metad aris saWiro parlamentSi proeqtebis wardgena.
proeqtSi SeiZleba uklebliv darCes muxlebi soflebisa da qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, magram amoRe-
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buli unda iqnas VII kari mTlianad, romelic iTvaliswinebs
saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri regionebis Seqmnas eTnikuri niSniT. erT-erTma liderma ganacxada rom am sabWos daerqmeva sakonsultacio sabWo, magram
es am sabWos regionalur mniSvnelobas ar cvlis, miuxedevad imisa Tu mas ra daerqmeva mainc yalibdeba TviTmmarTveli regioni eTnikuri niSniT. zogjer amboben TiTqosda saqarTvelos dayofas regionebad moiTxovs evropuli kanonmdebloba, magram es aris sicrue, radganac
vinc icnobs im sabuTebs rac igzavneba saqarTvelos mimarT evropidan aRniSnulia, rom evropelebi SeSfoTebulebi arian saqarTvelos xalxis integraciis dabali
doniT da mravaljer Txoves saqarTvelos xelisuflebas
ezrunaT, raTa saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmoSobis adamianebs SeeswavlaT qarTuli ena, gacnobodnen qarTul kulturas, raTa SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo maTi integracia erTian saqarTvelos xalxSi, rogorc
aRvniSneT saqarTvelos xalxis konsolidaciisa da integraciis winaaRmdegi aris ruseTis imperia.
ruseTis derJavis erT-erTi ideologi r. vaxitovi,
rogorc iTqva, mouwodebs imperialistur Zalebs _ `ar
davuSvaT qarTveli xalxis konsolidacia~, Tavis statiaSi romelic man `literaturnaia gazetaSi~ gamoaqveyna 2009
wels.
saqarTvelos xalxis integraciasa da konsolidacias
umZimes dartymas miayenebs eTnoavtonomiuri regionebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis mier saqarTvelos parlamentis zeda palatis Seqmna, radganac igegmeba TviTm-
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marTvelobis arCevnebis Semdeg parlamentSi ori palatis
Camoyalibeba.
TviTmmarTveli regionebis Camoyalibeba meore xafangia. xSirad amboben, rom 2008 wels Cveni jariskacebis
Setyueba qalaq cxinvalSi iyo ruseTis mier sagangebod
dagegmili maxe. rasac imdenad mZime Sedegebi hqonda, rom
rusebma upasuxod SeZles samaCabloSi eTnowmendis Catareba. qarTvelebi aTaswlovani soflebidan, saqarTvelos
gulidan, qarTlis centridan gamoyares, saxl-kari daatovebines, ltolvilebad aqcies TavianT miwa-wyalze.
meore aseTi xafangi saqarTvelos TviTmmarTveli regionebis Camoyalibebaa. ufalma RmerTma inebos, rom agvaridos yovel borotebasa da mtris mier dagegmil
xafangs, RmerTma inebos qarTveli xalxis gamravleba da
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis integracia saxelmwifo eniTa
da qarTuli kulturiT. amin!
9. 12. 2013 w.
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