ㄽ ㄝ ឭؾܹؾƴ᧙Ƣǔ ᨥႎƳᝧ˓СࡇƷྵཞƱᛢ᫆ ̿ỽἽἑἪἜᜭܭẐᝧ˓ểฎỆ᧙ẴỦӸӞދὼᴾ ἁỴἻἽὅἩὊἽᙀឱᜭܭẑỉᚸ̖ửɶ࣎ểẲề̿ 㐲 ᮁ Ꮚ ࡣࡌࡵ㻌 ᖺ᭶᪥ࡽ᪥ࠊྡྂᒇ࡛࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ ࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ➨ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜྜ௨ୗࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡 ࡍࡿ㹿ࡀ㛤ࢀࡓࠋ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌࡛ࡣࠊᠱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⏕≀ከᵝᛶཬࡧᣢ ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᦆᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓሙྜࡢࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ̿ࢡࣛ ࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊṔྐⓗᛌᣲ㈹㈶ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ ᭩ࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻࡼࡿᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆᐃࡵࡓึࡢᅜ㝿᮲⣙ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡑࡢ᥇ᢥࡣࠊ」㞧ࡘከᵝ࡞ᐖࡀ㘒ࡍࡿ୰ࠊ΅ࡀ 㞴⯟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢከᩘᅜ㛫⎔ቃ᮲⣙యไࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ΅ጇ⤖ࡢᮃࡳࢆ ࡘ࡞࠸ࡔⅬ࠾࠸࡚⏬ᮇⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀᗈࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࠊ┤ࡕᐇ⛣ࡉࢀࡿ ࠺ࡣ㏱࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡾࢃࡅ㏵ୖᅜࡢᅜෆⓗᐇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⾜ᨻ ࡢ⬟ຊྥୖࡀྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆᨭࡍࡿᅜ㝿༠ຊࡢ⣽┠ࡣᚋࡢ ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࣂ࣮ࢮࣝ᮲⣙ᦆᐖ㈺ൾ㆟ᐃ᭩ࠊ༡ᴟ᮲⣙⎔ቃಖㆤ㆟ ᐃ᭩㝃ᒓ᭩ϫ➼ࡢከᩘᅜ㛫⎔ቃಖㆤ᮲⣙࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྠᵝࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ᮧࡺࡾࠕ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ₻ὶࠖࠗ⎔ቃ ⟶⌮࠘㼂㼛㼘㻚㻺㼛㻚ᖺࠊὀ㡫ࠋ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻣㻝 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ΅ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀྛᅜࡢᅜෆἲࡢㄪࢆಁ ࡀᅜᅜෆἲไࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᑦࠊᮏ✏ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ 㐍ࡋࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆┦⿵ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚ⏕≀ࡼࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ ཬࡧ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢྜពᙧᡂ㐣⛬ཬࡧᅜෆⓗᐇ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ ཬࡧࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࢆண㜵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ ㈐௵ไᗘࡋ࡚ࡢ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢホ౯ࢆヨࡳࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ ࡢ┠ⓗᐤࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࠊ᪩ᬌࠊඛ㏦ࡾࡉࢀࡓពぢࡢ୍⮴ࡀࡋ ᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡ⓗホ౯ࡸࠊ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚᢏ⾡㛵ࡍࡿἲⓗ ㏉ࡉࢀࡿࡣࠊᚋࡢ⤒㐣ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ៅ㔜᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ㄽⅬ⯡ࢆᢅ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆணࡵ࠾᩿ࡾࡍࡿࠋ ࡋࡋᑦࠊ㈐௵ᩆ῭΅ࡢጇ⤖ࡣࠊࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࣜࢫࢡ౽ ┈ࢆᕠࡿࢻࢢ࣐ࢸࢵࢡ࡞ᑐ❧ࡽࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ᇶ࡙ࡃࣜࢫࢡ 㸯㸬㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢ㈐௵つ๎㻌 ⟶⌮ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ⌧ᐇⓗᑐᛂࠊྛᅜࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ⛣⾜ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ฟ᮶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ➨᮲࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㈐௵ᩆ῭ไᗘࡢ᳨ウ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡢୗࠊ᪂ࡓྜពࡉࢀࡓ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣࠊ㧗ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ ࠕᅜ㝿ἲ࡛㐍⾜୰ࡢ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊཬࡧṇᙜ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠖ᫂グࡍ ☜ᐇᛶࢆక࠺᪂つᢏ⾡ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ༴㝤㈇ᢸ࠸࠺ほᛕࢆࠊ㉺ቃ ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ㈐௵ἲ࠸ᫎࡍࡁࠊࡾࢃࡅ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ ᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢ㈐௵つ๎ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄡࡢ࠸࡞ࡿ㈐௵ࢆၥ㢟ࡍࡁࠊ࠸࠺ᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸ ᅜ㝿ἲୖࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖᑐࡋࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙ㈐௵ἲࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ㔪ࢆᑟࡁฟࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚ࠸ ␗ㄽࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᅜᐙࡣ⮬ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ෆཪࡣ⟶⌮ୗࡢάືࡀᅜࡢ ࠺᪂ࡓ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫ⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࠊேࡢᗣཬࡧ ⎔ቃཪࡣ⮬ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ࡢ⠊ᅖእࡢᆅᇦࡢ⎔ቃᦆᐖࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺☜ಖࡍ ⎔ቃಖㆤ࠸࠺බᗎࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ຺ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ㈐௵ไᗘࢆタィࡍ ࡿ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠸ࠊ⩏ົ㐪ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜᐙ㈐௵ἲࢆࡋ࡚㔠㖹㈺ൾ➼ ࡁࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘࡁࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ྜពࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡳࡿࡁࡔࢁ ࡼࡿ㈐௵ࡢゎ㝖ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥࡛ࡣࠊࡿᦆᐖ㜵Ṇ⩏ົࡣᅜ㝿័⩦ ࠺ࠋ ἲୖࡢ⩏ົ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡋࡋࠊᅜᐙ㈐௵㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼕㻙 ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢほⅬࡽࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢୗࠊ᪂ࡓ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ 㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥ᇶ࡙ࡃ㈺ൾㄳồࡣᐇ㝿ࡣࠊᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊᅜ㐃ᅜ㝿ἲጤ ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢྜពෆᐜࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊ≉ࡿᅜ㝿ᩥ᭩ࡀලయⓗᐇࡉࢀ ဨ௨ୗࠊ㻵㻸㻯㻌⛠ࡍࡿ㹿ࡣࠊ㐺ἲ⾜Ⅽࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿 ࡿᅜෆἲไࡢᙳ㡪↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢព⩏ㄢ㢟ࢆホ౯ ࡍࡿࠋ➨❶࡛ࡣࠊ΅ࡢつ⠊ⓗ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿 ἲୖࡢ㈐௵ไᗘࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࠊ➨❶࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉ tagena Protocol on Biosafety, UNEP/CBD/BS/TEG-L&R/1/3, 9 November 2004, pp.6-7. ࢀࡓ⤒⦋ཬࡧࡑࡢつไෆᐜࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᏑ❧ᇶ┙ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡑࡢ つไᥐ⨨ࡢព⩏ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ➨❶࡛ࡣࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬ཬࡧྜពෆᐜࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ྜព ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ➨❶࡛ࡣどゅࢆኚ࠼࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ Report of the technical group of experts on liability and redress in the context of the Carࢺࣞࣝ⁐㖔ᡤ௳௰ุỴ᭱⤊ุỴ㸸ᖺ᭶᪥ࠊᖺࢫࢺࢵࢡ࣍ࣝ ࣒ே㛫⎔ቃᐉゝཎ๎ࠊᖺ⎔ቃ㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿࣜ࢜ᐉゝཎ๎ࠋ Advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons,[1996] ICJ Rep 226, 241-242, para.29; Gabcikovo-Nagymaros, [1997] ICJ Rep 7 41, para.53. ᅜᐙ㈐௵ἲࡣᅜ㝿ἲୖࠊ⚗Ṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸⾜Ⅽᑐࡍࡿ㈺ൾࢆせㄳࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜෆⓗᐇࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊᚋࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᢈཪࡣຍධ 㧗ᗘ༴㝤࡞⏘ᴗάືࡽ⏕ࡌࡿࣜࢫࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㐺ษつไࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࠊ 㝿ࡋ࡚ㄪᩚࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿᥐ⨨➼ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᡃ ௬ᦆᐖࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡶࠊᙜヱάືࡢ㐪ἲᛶࡢ᥎ᐃࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᅜᐙࡣ㈺ൾࢆᣄ ࡴഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋThomas Gehring and Markus Jachtenfuchs, “Liability for Transboudary Environmental Damage Towards a General Liability Regime?”, 4 Euro- Summary of the fifth Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol l on Biosafety: 11-15 October 2010, Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol.9 No.533, 18 October, 2010, p.14. 㻞㻣㻞 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 pean Journal of International Law, 1993, pp.92-93. ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻣㻟 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ㈺ൾ㈐௵㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼘㼕㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥ࡢ᳨ウ╔ᡭࡋࡓࠋࣂࢡࢫࢱ࣮㻽㻚㻌㻮㼍㼤㼠㼑㼞 ᦆᐖ⏕ែᦆᐖࠊ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⤒῭ⓗᦆኻ➼ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡀࠊ㏆ᖺࡣ ࡣࠊ┈⾮㔞ཎ๎ࡢ㐺⏝ࡼࡾࠊᅜ㝿ἲ㐪ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸㉺ቃⓗ࡞⎔ቃ༴ ᦆᐖⓎ⏕ࡢ⬣ጾᑐࡋࠊᮍ↛㜵Ṇ㈝⏝ࡀྵࡵࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ 㝤ࡢ㜵Ṇཬࡧ㈺ൾࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊࡶࡗ࡚༴㝤άືࡢ♫ⓗཷᐜࡢಁ㐍ࢆᅗࡿࡇ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞Ẹ㈐௵ไᗘࡣ㉺ቃⓗ࡞⎔ቃᦆᐖᑐࡋࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢ㎿㏿࡞㈺ൾ ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ᮲ᩥࡣ⃭ࡋ࠸ᢈุࢆᾎࡧࠊᙜึࡢᵓࡣ᩿ᛕࡉࢀ ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿඹࠊởᰁ⪅㈇ᢸཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊཎᅉ⾜Ⅽ⪅ᮍ↛㜵Ṇࡢ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㻵㻸㻯㻌ࡣᦆᐖ㜵Ṇ⩏ົ㐺ἲ⾜Ⅽࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᅜ㝿㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࢆࡋࠊ⿕ᐖⓎ⏕ࢆᢚṆࡍࡿホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㼘㼕㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥సᴗࢆศࡋࠊᚋ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㉺ቃⓗ࡞⎔ቃᦆᐖ㐺⏝ࡉ ࡶࡗࡶࠊࡇࢀࡽ᪤ᏑࡢẸ㈐௵᮲⣙ࡢព⩏ࡣៅ㔜ホ౯ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࢀࡿࡁ㈐௵ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࡢ୍⯡ⓗᣦ㔪ࡢ᳨ウ␃ࡵࠊᖺࠊ᮲ᩥⲡࢆ᥇ ࡿࠋ➨୍ࠊಶࠎࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ㉳ⲡ⫼ᬒࡣ␗࡞ࡿᨻ≧ἣࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ⿕ᐖࡢ ᢥࡋࡓࠋ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡢ⿕ᐖ⪅ཎᅉ⪅ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ⚾ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡘᅜ ᐇຠⓗᩆ῭ࡀពᅗࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㈺ൾ㈐௵ࡢ㝈ᐃࡼࡿ᪂⏘ᴗ⫱ᡂ ᐙࡼࡿ㈐௵ࡢཷᐜࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ㈺ൾ㈐௵㼘㼕㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥ࡢࠕẸ㺁 ࡀ࡞┠ⓗ࡞ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㈺ൾ⠊ᅖཬࡧ㈐௵ࡢୖ㝈 㼜㼞㼕㼢㼍㼠㼕㼦㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚ࢆ㐍ࡵࡘࡘࠊᅜᐙࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᦆᐖ㜵Ṇ⩏ົࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿ࠸ ࡣ⏘ᴗࡢᏑ⥆ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᢚไⓗつᐃࡉࢀࠊᦆᐖࡢ࡞㈺ ࠺᪉㔪ࡀࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋ᪉ࠊ㏆ᖺࡣ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮲⣙ಶ ൾࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜᐙࡢ㛵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢ㔜ᛶࡢㄆ㆑ ูࡢ㈐௵ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏཎ๎ࡣࢫࢺࢵࢡ࣍ࣝ ᇶ࡙ࡃ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊㅖ⯡ࡢᨻⓗ⪃៖ࡼࡾࠊỴᐃࡉࢀࡓᣦࡉࢀ ࣒ᐉゝཎ๎ཬࡧࣜ࢜ᐉゝཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ูࡢ㈐௵ࣞࢪ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ᮲⣙ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊἜ⃮Ẹ㈐௵᮲⣙ཬࡧࡇࢀࢆ⿵ ࣮࣒ࡢᙧᡂࢆዡບࡋ࡚࠸ࡿཎ๎ࠋ ࡍࡿἜ⃮⿵ൾᇶ㔠᮲⣙ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ㈺ൾㄳồ࠾࠸࡚ࠊẸ㈐௵᮲⣙ࡀ⏝ࡉ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᅜ㝿ἲୖࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞㈺ൾ㈐௵つ๎ࡣ ࢀࡓࡣᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊ᪂ࡓ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊᮍⓎຠࡢᩥ᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⓎຠࡢぢ ᮍࡔ⏕ᡂࡏࡎࠊ㻵㻸㻯㻌ࡣ᮲⣙ẖ≉᭷ࡢẸ㈐௵ไᗘࢆᐃࡵࡿᐇ⾜ࢆ㏣ㄆ ㏻ࡋࡣ㏱࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋᅜᐙࡢᢈࡀ㐍ᒎࡋ࡞࠸⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡢ ࡍࡿ␃ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㧗ᗘ༴㝤࡞άື࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ≉ᐃ ᐃ⩏ࡀ᭕࡛ண ྍ⬟ᛶࡀḞዴࡍࡿࡇࠊ㈐௵ࡢୖ㝈ࡀ↓㝈ཪࡣ㧗㢠࡛࠶ ࡢᴗ⪅㈐௵ࢆ㞟୰ࡋࠊཝ᱁ࡘ᭷㝈㈐௵ཪࡣࠊ㐣ኻ㈐௵ไᗘࡼࡿ ࡿࡓࡵࠊಖ㝤ᘬࡁཷࡅࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢ㈇ᢸࡀ㐣 ⿵ࢆᐃࡵࠊᙉไಖ㝤ࠊ⿵ൾᇶ㔠ࡢタ❧➼ࡼࡾࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࢆᅗࡗ࡚ 㔜࡛࠶ࡿࡇ➼ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋᦆᐖࡢ⠊ᅖࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗᦆᐖ㈈⏘ཬࡧே㌟ᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࠊ⎔ቃ ᦆᐖ㜵Ṇ᮲⣙ࡢ᮲ᩥⲡࡢศᯒࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊຍ⸨ಙ⾜ࠊ ࠕ㻵㻸㻯㻌㉺ቃᦆᐖ㜵Ṇ᮲⣙ⲡ International Environmental Law, 2007, pp.1024-1031; Anne Daniel, “Civil Liability Regimes as a Complement to Multilateral Environmental Agreements:Sound International ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࠖ ࠊ ࠗᅜ㝿ἲእ㞧ㄅ࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ Policy or False Comfort?”, RECIEL, Vol.12(3), 2003, pp.225-235. Draft principles on the allocation of loss in the case of transboundary harm arising out of hazardous activities, 2006, A/61/10.ᑦࠊᮏⲡࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡛㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗ࡞ཎ๎ࡋ࡚సᡂ Ibid.,R. Wolfrum et als. eds., Environmental Protection by Means of International Lia- bility Law, 1999, p.392 UNEP/CBD/COP-MOP/1/INF/8, 14 December 2003. see also Draft ࡉࢀࠊᅜ㝿ἲཬࡧᅜෆἲࡢㄪࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋibid., para.(12) principles, op cit., preamble para.1, commentary (2). Thomas Gehring and Markus Jachtenfuchs, op cit., pp.105-106, A. E. Boyle, Globalizing Environmental Liability: The Interplay of National and International Law, Journal of Envi- Ᏹᐂ≀యᦆᐖ㈺ൾ㈐௵᮲⣙ࡣᅜᐙࡢ↓㐣ኻ㈐௵ࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬࠾ ࠸࡚㔠㖹㈺ൾࡣ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡎࠊᏱᐂάືࡢ㌷ⓗࠊᡓ␎ⓗ㔜せᛶࡀ΅ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ronmental Law, 2005, Vol.17-1, pp.3-26. ࡋࡓࠊᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊཎᏊຊᦆᐖ㈺ൾ᮲⣙ࡣཎᏊຊ⏘ᴗࡢⓎᒎࢆᙉࡃᮃ ࡴඛ㐍ᅜࡢពྥࢆᫎࡋࠊ㈺ൾ㔠㢠ཬࡧ㈐௵యࢆ㝈ᐃࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ Ḣᕞᑂ㆟ࡀ᥇ᢥࡋࡓࣝ࢞ࣀ᮲⣙ࡣ༴㝤άືࡽ⏕ࡌࡿ⎔ቃᦆᐖ୍⯡ 㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿẸ㈺ൾ㈐௵ࢆᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮍⓎຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࠊᅜᐙࡣ⿕ᐖ⪅ᩆ῭࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ᪂ᢏ⾡ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࠊ⿵ⓗ࡞㈐௵ࢆཷ ᐜࡋࡓᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋThomas Gehring and Markus Jachtenfuchs, op cit., pp.101-103. ᭱㏆ࡢ᮲⣙ᐇ⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊMalgosia Fitzmaurice, “International Responsibility and Liability”, in Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnee and Ellen Hey eds., The Oxford Handbook of 㻞㻣㻠 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ࣂ࣮ࢮࣝ᮲⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣜࢫࢡࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿಖ㝤ࡢ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࡑࡢࡢ㔠㖹ⓗಖ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻣㻡 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ༴㝤㈐௵࠸࠺ἲ⌮ࡣࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿẸ㈐௵᮲ ࡗ࡚᭷┈࡞⏕ᏛⓗᛂࢆᕤᏛⓗᡭἲࡼࡗ࡚ᢳฟࡋࠊኚᙧࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆ ⣙ࡢᏑ❧ᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࡣᮍࡔ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶࠎࡢ᮲⣙ࡢᐇຠᛶࡣᦆᐖࡢᛶ㉁ ⏘ᴗⓗᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚☜❧ࡋ࡚ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆᣦࡍࠋ㏆ᖺࡣ≉ࠊ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ ཬࡧᐇࢆᢸ࠺⿕つไయࡢ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᦆᐖ ࠼ࠊ⣽⬊⼥ྜ➼ࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ〇⸆ࠊ✀ⱑ㛤Ⓨࠊ㣗ရຍᕤཬࡧ⎔ቃί ࡢ⠊ᅖࡀ᫂☜࡛ࡘẚ㍑ⓗᑡᩘࡢせᴗ⪅༑ศ࡞㈨ຊࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡸࠊ ➼ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࢆᣦࡍࡀࠊඖ᮶ࠊࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡣᏛ㝿ⓗ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ ᅜᐙࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢆᅜ⟇ࡋ࡚ᨭࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘ ⾡ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇໟྵࡉࢀࡿᢏ⾡㡿ᇦࡣὶືⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢྜពࡣྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡁࠊᦆᐖ㈐௵ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼ᢏ⾡ࡣᖺ௦๓༙⡿ᅜࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡽࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞つ๎ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆồࡵࡿไᗘࡣ༑ศ࡞ᨭᣢࢆᚓ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 㑇ఏᏊ᧯సࡢᑐ㇟ࡣ⭠⳦ࡽ࢝ࣅࠊ㓝ẕࠊື᳜≀ࡢᇵ㣴⣽⬊Ⓨᒎࡋࠊ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࢆ᪤ᏑࡢẸ㈐௵᮲⣙ࡢᘏ㛗⥺ୖ⨨࡙ ᖺ௦ࡣ࣐࢘ࢫࠊ㇜ࠊ⨺➼ࠊᆺࢺࣛࣥࢫࢪ࢙ࢽࢵࢡື≀ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡶ⾜ ࡅ࡚ࠊ┦ཧ↷ᇶ࡙ࡃᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿࡇࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㈼᫂ ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࡣࠊᯘᮌࡸ㨶ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡶ㐍ᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ ࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊࡘ㈐௵ᩆ῭ไᗘࡀ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ ࡑࡢ◊✲ෆᐜࡶࠊᇶ♏◊✲ࡽᵝࠎ࡞ᛂ⏝ศ㔝ᣑࡋࠊࡇࢀక࠸ࠊ ᐃ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ᯝࡓࡍࡁᶵ⬟╔┠ࡋ࡚ࠊไᗘタィࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ࡢ⏝⎔ቃࡣ㛢㙐⣔ࡽ㠀㛢㙐⣔ኳ❆ࠊഃ❆⥙ࢆᙇ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐃ❧ࢆࠊࡉࡽࡣࡑࡢ㈐௵ᩆ῭ไᗘࡢ ࡗࡓ ᐊࠊᐇ㦂ᅡሙ➼ࡢ㔝እᣑࡋࠊ⎔ቃ୰ᨺฟࡉࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊཬ ΅ࢆಁࡋࡓ♫⤒῭ⓗ௳ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡧ⏕≀ࡀேࡸື᳜≀ࡶࡓࡽࡍ༴ᐖࡸࠊ⎔ቃᝏࡢ࠾ࡑࢀ➼ࡢᏳᛶࣂ ḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩΅ࡢ⫼ᬒ㐳ࡗ࡚㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᏑ❧ᇶ┙ ࢜ࢭࣇࢸࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊࡇࡢ≧ἣࡢୗ࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢつไෆᐜࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼ᢏ⾡ࡢ₯ᅾⓗ࡞༴㝤ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᙜึࡽᠱᛕࡍࡿኌࡀ ࠶ࡾࠊᖺࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࢩ࣐࡛ࣟྛᅜࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡽࡀࠕࢩ࣐ࣟ㆟ࠖࢆ㛤 㸰㸬䝞䜲䜸䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗつไ㻌 㻌 ദࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㦂࠾ࡅࡿᏳ☜ಖᑐ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡿᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ㆟ㄽ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⫼ᬒ ࢻࣛࣥࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡶᖺࠊᏛ➼ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠕᏛ➼࠾ࡅ ࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡣࠊ⏕≀࡞࠸ࡋ⣽⬊ࡢ⏕⌮ᛂࡢ୰ࡽࠊே㛫 ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᖺࠊ⡿ᅜᅜ❧⾨⏕◊✲ᡤ㻺㻵㻴ࡣࠕ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭㻌ᐇ㦂࢞ ࡿ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭㻌ᐇ㦂ᣦ㔪ࠖࠊࡑࡢࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠕ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭㻌 ᐇ㦂ᣦ㔪ࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ḟᨵゞࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ドࡢḞዴࠊ୰ᑠᴗ⪅ࡢ㈨ຊ㊊ࠊ᮲⣙ࡢᅜෆᐇἲࡢᩚഛࡀ༑ศࠊ⬟ຊ㊊ࠊ つᶍ⏘ᴗ⏝ࠊ⎔ቃᨺฟ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᖺࠊ㻻㻱㻯㻰㻌ࡀࠕ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭 ㄆ㆑㊊➼ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣝ࢞ࣀ᮲⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㐺⏝⠊ᅖࡀᅜෆ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓ ᢏ⾡ࡢᏳᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠖࢆసᡂࡋࠊ⎔ቃᨺฟ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢣ࣮ࢫ ᦆᐖࢆྵࡳࠊᗈ⠊࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐃ⩏ࡀ᭕࡛ࠊἲⓗᏳᐃᛶḞ ࣂࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࠊࣜࢫࢡࡣ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭ ࡅࡿࡇ➼ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㼁㻺㻱㻯㻱༴㝤≀㐠ᦙࡢᦆᐖᑐࡍࡿẸ㈐௵᮲⣙ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᦆᐖࡣࢇⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢሙྜࡶ᪤Ꮡࡢಖ㝤࡛࢝ࣂ ࣮࡛ࡁࡿࡇࠊつไࡢཷ┈⪅ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࠊ⿵ൾᇶ㔠ࡢᣐฟࡀᴗ⪅ࡢ㈇ᢸ ࡞ࡿࡇࠊ㈐௵ࡢୖ㝈ࡀ㐣ᗘ㧗࠸࠸࠺ಖ㝤ྍ⬟ᛶࡢၥ㢟ࠊ㕲㐨㐠㍺㒊㛛ࡢ⮬ ࢫࡣ↓㛵ಀ࡛ࠊ⏕≀ࡢ≉ᛶ⎔ቃࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇᐇ㉁ⓗྠ➼ ᛶࠊࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡣ▱㆑⤒㦂ࣇ࣑ࣜࣜࢸࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ➼ ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊホ౯ࡢᰂ㌾ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡋࡘࡘࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞⏝ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ❧ሙࢆ᫂ ⏤ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᴗ⪅ࡢ㈨ຊ᱁ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᣦࠊ᮲⣙ࡢつไഃ㠃ࡢ㝈ᐃᛶ ࡽࡋࡓࠋᖺ௦ධࡿࠊᅜ㝿㐃ྜᕤᴗ㛤Ⓨᶵ㛵㼁㻺㻵㻰㻻ົᒁ ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋStatus of third-party liability treaties and analysis of difficulties facing ࡀ⏘ᴗ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ௵ពⓗ⾜ືᣦ㔪ࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊᅜ㝿㐃ྜ㣗⣊㎰ᴗᶵ㛵 their entry into force, Note by the Executive Secretary, UNEP/CBD/BS/WG-L&R/1/INF/3, 15 April 2005. ࡚࠸ࡿࠋOECD, Safety Considerations for Biosafety, 1992. Fitzmaurice, op cit., pp.1031-1032; Daniel, op cit., pp.225, 236-237. 㻞㻣㻢 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 OECD, Recombinant DNA Considerations, 1986.ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣᖺ୍㒊ᨵゞࡉࢀ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻣㻣 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 㻲㻭㻻ࠊୡ⏺ಖᶵ㛵㼃㻴㻻ࡶ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀࣭㣗ရࡘ࠸࡚Ᏻᛶ ⓗᑐ❧ࢆច㉳ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ➨୍ࠊࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡘ࠸ ホ౯ࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶྠᵝࡢཎ๎౫ᣐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡚ࡣᅜᐙ㛫ⴭࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡᱁ᕪࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊᢏ⾡㠉᪂ࡢᜠᜨᾎࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡋࡋࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᣦ㔪ࡶ௵ពⓗ࡛㐺⏝⠊ᅖࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࠊ㉺ቃ⛣ືつไࢆ ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡࢆ୍᪉ⓗㄢࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ༴ࡋࡓ㏵ୖᅜࡣࠊ㍺ධᅜࡢつ ᢅࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡽ ࠊࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸࡢၥ㢟ࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢୗ ไᶒ㝈ࡢᙉࢆồࡵࠊ⮬⏤㈠᫆ࢆᙇࡍࡿ㻹㻳㻌⃭ࡋࡃᑐ❧ࡋࡓࠋࡾࢃ ࡛ࡼࡾ☜ᐇつไࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚ࠊᖺࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ➨ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ ࡅࠊࢪࠊࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜࡣ㞽⣽࡞㎰ᴗࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊከᅜ⡠ᴗࡀ㛤Ⓨ ㆟࡛ࠕࢪࣕ࢝ࣝࢱ࣭࣐ࣥࢹ࣮ࢺࠖࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍ ࡋࠊ≉チᶒࢆタᐃࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡢᑟධࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᅜ㎰ᴗࡀ⊂༨ⓗ ࡿἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊ࠶ࡿ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋ㉳ⲡసᴗࢆᢸ࠺సᴗ㒊 ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࠊ⏕ែ⣔ࡢᨩࡸᑠつᶍ㎰ᴗ⪅ཬࡧඛఫẸࡢఏ⤫ⓗ⏕άࡀ⬣ ྜࡣᖺࡽᖺࡲ࡛ィᅇ⾜ࢃࢀࠊᖺࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅࡢ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆᠱᛕࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢつไ⠊ᅖࡢᣑࠊᇳ⾜ᙉཬࡧ⬟ຊᵓ⠏ ࢼ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ≉ู⥾⣙ᅜྜࡀỴࡋࡓᚋࠊᖺࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢࣔࣥࢺࣜ ࡢᨭࢆᙉࡃせồࡋࡓࠋ᪉ࠊ㻹㻳㻌ࡣ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ ࣮࡛࢜ࣝ㛤ࢀࡓ≉ู⥾⣙ᅜྜ࡛࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠋ ❧ドࡉࢀࡓᐖᝏࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡼࡿᅜ㝿つไ⮬య ΅㛤ጞࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚ⏕≀ࡢ⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡ㛵ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡢぢ ᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡀཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆࠕ࠸᫆ ゎࡣศࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᒁᆅⓗ࡛ᆅᇦẖ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ ࠸ࡶࡢࡍࡿ㺁㼣㼛㼞㼗㼍㼎㼘㼑ࡢᙇࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊつไ⠊ᅖࢆ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ᅜ㝿つไⓗ࡞ㅖᅜࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ⏝ศ㔝ࡣ་⒪ࠊᕤᴗ⏕⏘ࠊ ␃ࡵࡘࡘࠊ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃࡢ㐺⏝ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊㄪ᮲㡯㼟㼍㼢㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼘㼍㼡㼟㼑ࡢᤄ ㎰ᴗࠊ㣗ရຍᕤ➼ࠊከᒱࢃࡓࡿࡓࡵࠊྛᅜࡢ㛵ᚰࡣᣑᩓࡋࠊసᴗ㒊࡛ ධࢆồࡵ࡚✚ᴟⓗാࡁࡅࡓࠋ ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㐍ᒎࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ㎰⏘≀㍺ฟᅜࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ㠀 ➨ࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢୗࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢ♫ⓗཷᐜᛶࡢ┦㐪ཬࡧࡑࡢỈ බᘧྜࢆዎᶵࡋ࡚࣐࣑࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ௨ୗࠊ㻹㻳ࡍࡿ㹿ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉ ‽ࢆ⊂⮬Ỵᐃࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࡢṇᙜᛶࢆᕠࡿᑐ❧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ ࢀࡿࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡶඹ㏻ࡢ❧ሙ࡛΅⮫ࡴࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ㻱㼁ࠊ୰ᮾḢㅖᅜࠊ ㍺ධ㣗ရࡢᏳᛶࢆồࡵࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊ㻱㼁㻌ࡣ㑇 ጇ༠ὴࡢㅖᅜࡶ΅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࡀࠊྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣㄽⅬẖᑐ❧ࡋ ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏘ရࡢせ⏕⏘ᅜࡢ㌵㎚ࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶ ࡓࡓࡵࠊ΅ࡣ㞴⯟ࡋࡓࠋ ࡀ㧗࠸㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏘ရࡘ࠸࡚ࡶண㜵ཎ๎ᇶ࡙ࡃ᪩ᮇᑐᛂࢆ㔜どࡋ ᪂ࡓ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝క࠺Ᏻᛶ☜ಖ࠸࠺ᢏ⾡ⓗㄢ㢟ࡀ㧗ᗘᨻ ᖺࡢࣜ࢜㆟࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠕࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࠖࡣ➨❶➨⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣂ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つไࡀ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃ▩┪ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃࢆ ࡾ㉺࠼࡚つไࢆṇᙜࡍࡿἲⓗ᰿ᣐࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࠊ⟶⌮㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗྜពࡉࢀࡓཎ๎ࡢⓎᒎࡀᚲせ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐺ษࡘ㏱᫂࡞ᅜቃ⟶⌮㛵ࡍࡿᡭ⥆ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ゝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑦࠊ㆟ Biosafety, Trade and Economic Development-Interests in the Implementation of the Carta- Ibid., p.181; Richard Douglas Ballhorn, “A Developed Country Perspective”: Balancing ᐃ᭩ࡢ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬✚ᴟⓗ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ➨୕ୡ⏺ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㼀㼃㻾ࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡽ gena Protocol”, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety-From Negotiation to Implementation, ࡣࠊࡇࡢⅬࡶྵࡵ࡚ᚑ᮶ࡢつไ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊ࠶ࡿᅜ㝿༠ᐃ CBD News Special Edition, p.37. ࡢᚲせᛶࢆᙉࡃᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ➨୕ୡ⏺ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ⦅ᮏᗉ㔜⏨ࠊⰪ⏣㐍༗ヂ ࠗࣂ ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ༴ᶵ⟶⌮࠘ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ ࣮ࢻᥐ⨨ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋᑦࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᥐ⨨ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࠊࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡣ 㻱㼁 ࡣ ᖺࠊ㻳㻹㻻 ㍺ධᢎㄆᡭ⥆ࡢ୍ṆࢆỴᐃࡋࠊ ࡘࡢᵓᡂᅜࡣࢭ࣮ࣇ࢞ ᅜ㝿ⓗつไࡢືᅉ࡞ࡿࡁ⎔ቃᦆᐖࡣᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗᐇドࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸▱ 㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃ㐪࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ᥦッࡋࠊᖺ᭶᪥ࠊ㼃㼀㻻 ࣃࢿࣝࡣྛࠎࠊ㻿㻼㻿 ༠ ぢࡀ㆟ㄽࡢືྥᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋHulmut Gaugitsch, “Scientific ᐃࡢ㐺ྜࢆỴᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMeasures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Bio- Aspects of the biosafety debate”, inChristoph Bail, Jean Paul Decaestecker and Matthias tech Products, WT/DS291, 292, 293(21 November 2006). Jorgenen eds., The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety-Reconciling Trade in Biotechnology with Environment and Development?, 2002 pp.88-90. Liability and Barriers to Trade, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007, pp.18-20. 㻞㻣㻤 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 Kareen L. Holtby, William A. Kerr and Jill E. Hobbs,eds. International Environmental ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻣㻥 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ᑐࡍࡿ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃࡢඃࢆᑟࡁࡡ࡞࠸ㄪ᮲㡯ࡣᙉࡃᑐࡋࠊேࡢ ᫆ཬࡧ⎔ቃ㛵ࡍࡿ༠ᐃࡀࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨࡢ㐩ᡂ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽ┦⿵ ᗣࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡢ⪃៖ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ാࡁࡅ࡚ࠊ㻹㻳㻌ᑐ❧ࡋࡓࠋࡶࡗ ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡇࠖࠊ ࠕࡇࡢ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿༠ᐃᇶ࡙ࡃ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ ࡶࠊ㻱㼁ࡣᇦෆ࠾ࡅࡿ་⸆ရཬࡧᕤᴗ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢᢚไࢆ ᶒཬࡧ⩏ົࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡶࡢゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࠖࠊ ࠕࡇࡢ㆟ᐃ᭩ ᠱᛕࡋ࡚ࠊ་⸆ရࡣᑐ㇟እࡋࠊᕤሙ➼ࡢ㛢㙐⣔⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㉺ቃ⛣ື ࢆࡢᅜ㝿༠ᐃࡢୗ⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࠖ࠸ つไࡢ㐺⏝㝖እࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡀᙉࡃồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠺ᩥࡀධࢀࡽࢀࡓࠋ 〇ရつไࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ↓㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡾせ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᙇࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊᅜෆ つไࢆ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㐺⏝⠊ᅖྵࡵࡿࡇࡶᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊேࡢᗣࣜࢫࢡࡢ⪃៖ࡣ┠ⓗ᮲㡯ࡢࠊ㉺ቃ⛣ືつไ࠾ࡅࡿ ⪃៖せᅉࡋ࡚ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ➨᮲ࠊ᮲ࠊேࡢᗣࣜࢫࢡࡀ⏕ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍࡿඹ ≀ከᵝᛶࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ㛫᥋ⓗ࡞ᗣ⿕ᐖࡢࣜࢫࢡࡢࡳ ㏻ㄆ㆑ࡣᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࠊ⎔ቃ㈠᫆ࠊ㣗ࡢᏳࠊ༡㛫⾮ᖹ➼ࠊ ࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿࠊ㣗ရᦤྲྀࡼࡿᗣ⿕ᐖ➼ࡢ┤᥋ⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆྵࡴ࠸ ከ✀ከᵝ࡞ᐖ㛵ᚰࡸ౯್ほᇶ࡙࠸࡚㛵ࡋࠊ΅ࡣḟ➨㧗ᗘᨻ ࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣぢゎࡀศࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡶ࡞ࢆࡵ つไᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡣࠕ⌧௦ࡢࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ⏝ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓ ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋጇ༠ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᮲ᩥࡣᢡ⾺ⓗ࡞ᩥゝ࡞ࡾࠊ ࡽࢀࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆᣢࡘࠖ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ⏕≀࡛➨᮲Jࠊ ࡞ྜពࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓㄽⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩Ⓨຠᚋࡢ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼࡛ࡢ ⌧௦ࡢࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡣࠊ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼ᢏ⾡ศ㢮Ꮫୖࡢ⛉ࢆ㉺࠼ ⥅⥆ⓗ᳨ウጤࡡࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡓ⣽⬊⼥ྜࢆᣦࡍ➨᮲Lࠋ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ ᑦࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣᖺⓎຠࡋࠊᖺ᭶⌧ᅾࠊࣨᅜࡀ⥾ ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ࡚ࡢ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ⛣ືࠊ㏻㐣ࠊ ⣙ᅜ࡞ࡾࠊᗈ⠊࡞ᨭᣢࢆᚓࡓࡀࠊ΅㐣⛬ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓせ⏕⏘ᅜ ྲྀᢅ࠸ཬࡧ⏝㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡀ➨᮲ࠊேࡢࡓࡵࡢ་⸆ရ࡛࠶ࡿ㻸㻹㻻㻌 ࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᯟእ␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㐺⏝ࡀ㝖እࡉࢀࡓ➨᮲ࠋ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᴫせ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡀே㢮ࡢ⚟♴ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍ ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆㄆࡵࡘࡘ๓ᩥࠊ ࠕண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡇࢀࡽࡀㄪ᮲㡯࡛࠶ࡿྰࡘ࠸࡚ࡣぢゎࡀศࢀࠊࡑࡢྵពࡣ᭕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㻹㻳ࡣࡇࢀࢆㄪ᮲㡯ゎࡋࠊ㼃㼀㻻༠ᐃࡢ㐺⏝ཬࡧඃࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㻱㼁ࡣ ᩥࢆ࠶ࢃࡏㄞࡴࡇࡼࡾࠊ୧༠ᐃࡢᗎิࡣண᩿ࡉࢀࡎࠊ┦▩┪ࡋ࡞࠸ゎ㔘 ࡿ㑇ఏᏊᨵኚ⏕≀㻸㼕㼢㼕㼚㼓㻌 㻹㼛㼐㼕㼒㼕㼑㼐㻌 㻻㼞㼓㼍㼚㼕㼟㼙㻦௨ୗࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡍࡿ㹿ࡢ⏝ ࢆせㄳࡍࡿゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋせࡍࡿࠊ⋢ⰍࡢỴ╔࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡀࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࣜࢫࢡࢆࠊே Aarti Gupta,”Governing Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: The Cartagena Protocol ࡢᗣࡢࣜࢫࢡࡶ⪃៖ධࢀ࡚ࠊ㐺ษ࡞ಖㆤỈ‽☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗ on Biosafety”, Environment, Vol.42(4), 2000, p.31. ࡍࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ㆟ᐃ᭩㼃㼀㻻㻌ࡢ㐺⏝㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⃭ࡋࡃதࢃࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ๓ᩥࠕ㈠ ࣐࣑࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㛫᥋ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿゎ㔘ࡋࠊ㻱㼁ཬࡧ㏵ୖᅜ ࡣ┤᥋ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡶྵࡲࢀࡿゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋKareen L. Holtby๓ᥖὀS ΅㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㛫᥋ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢᣦࡶ ࠶ࡿࠋ⸨Ⰻࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖすṇᘯ⦅ࠗᆅ⌫⎔ቃ᮲⣙࠘ Ibid., p.43. ᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡢせ⏕⏘ᅜࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࠊࣥࢻࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊ୰ᅜࡣᢈ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡣ⨫ྡࡢࡳ࡛ᢈ࣭ຍධࡣ⾜ࢃࡎࠊ࣮࢜ ே⏝ࡢ་⸆ရࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㼃㻴㻻ࡢࠕᅜ㝿㛫࡛ὶ㏻ࡍࡿ་⸆ရࡢရ㉁㛵ࡍࡿド ᫂ไᗘWHO Certification Scheme on the Quality of Pharmaceutical Products Moving in ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ⨫ྡࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⨫ྡࡢ International Commerceࠖࡀ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆௦᭰ࡋᚓࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽ ࡳ࡛ࠊᢈ࣭ຍධࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸ࡎࢀࡶᖺ᭶᪥⌧ᅾࠋ ࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣ㐺⏝㝖እࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㻞㻤㻜 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻤㻝 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ⏝ᙧែࢆ㎰ᆅ࡛ࡢస≀᱂ᇵ➼ࠊ⎔ቃࡢ ពᅗⓗᑟධࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࡶࡢ⎔ቃᨺฟ⏝ࠊᐇ㦂ᐊࠊᕤሙ➼ࡢ㛢㙐⣔ ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ᫂グࡍࡿࡶࡢࡉࢀࠊ㏣ຍⓗሗࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐃⤡ඛࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ ᩥ᭩ῧࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ➨᮲Dࠋ タ࡛⏝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ➨᮲Eࠊ㣗ᩱ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝┤᥋⏝ཪࡣຍᕤࡉࢀࡿ ࡶࡢ༊ศࡋࠊྛࠎᚲせ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠋ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ๓ᩥཬࡧ➨᮲ࡣࣜ࢜ᐉゝཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ㆟ᐃ ᭩ࡀண㜵ⓗつไࣞࢪ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ➨᮲ཬࡧ ⎔ቃᨺฟ⏝ࡢ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡣ᭱ࡶཝ᱁࡞つไࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ᭱ ➨᮲ࡣ⥾⣙ᅜࡀண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㍺ධࡢྍྰࢆỴᐃࡍࡿᶒ㝈 ึ ࡢ ㍺ ධ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ๓ ࡢ ሗ ᇶ ࡙ ࡃ ྜ ព ᡭ ⥆ 㻭㼐㼢㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌 㻵㼚㼒㼛㼞㼙㼑㼐㻌 ࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕண㜵ࠖࢆࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞ࡍࡿせ௳ࡣࠕ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪࡛ࠖࠊ㍺ 㻭㼓㼞㼑㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻦௨ୗࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ࡍࡿ㹿ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠋ㍺ฟᅜཪ ධᅜࡣ⮬ᅜࡢࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ཷᐜྍ⬟࡞ࣜࢫࢡỈ‽ࢆỴᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ ࡣ㍺ฟ⪅ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㝃ᒓ᭩,ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓሗࢆ㍺ฟඛ❧ࡗ࡚᭩㠃࡛ ࠕ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࠖࡣࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ㐺ṇࠖ࡞ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ᇶ࡙࠸࡚≉ᐃࡋࠊ ㏻࿌ࡋ➨᮲ࠊ㍺ධᅜࡣ㏻࿌ࡼࡿሗࢆཷ㡿ࡋࡓᚋࠊ㝃ᒓ᭩Ϫᐃࡵ ホ౯ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨᮲㡯ࠊ᮲㡯Dࠊ᮲ࠊ㝃ᒓ᭩Ϫࠋ ࡽࢀࡓᡭ㡰ᚑࡗ࡚ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆᐇࡋ➨᮲ࠊ㍺ධࡢྍྰࢆỴᐃࡋࠊ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢡホ౯࠾࠸࡚ࡶண㜵ⓗ⪃ ㍺ฟᅜ⪅ཬࡧࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸࢡࣜࣜࣥࢢࣁ࢘ࢫ㻮㼕㼛㼟㼍㼒㼑㼠㼥㻌 㻯㼘㼑㼍㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 ៖ࡢవᆅࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢ⛬ᗘ☜ᐇᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ 㻴㼛㼡㼟㼑㻦௨ୗࠊ㻮㻯㻴ࡍࡿ㹿ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨᮲ ࠋ㍺ฟ ࡣࠊ㏣ຍⓗሗࡢせㄳཪࡣ㐺ษ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ᡓ␎ࠊࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ➼ࡼ ᅜࡣᏳ࡞ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊໟཬࡧ㍺㏦ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㍺ฟ⪅ᑐࡋࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌 ࡗ࡚ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㝃ᒓ᭩Ϫ㼜㼍㼞㼍㻚Iࠊࡑࡢ㛫ࠊỴᐃࢆ㐜ᘏࡉࡏ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊᏳ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸ࡢせ௳ࠊ㏣ຍሗࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐃⤡ඛࠊཬࡧࡇࡢ㍺ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ➨᮲㡯Fࠊ➨᮲㡯ࠋ ฟࡀ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢせ௳㐺ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᐉゝࢆྵࡴᩥ᭩ῧࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡼ ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠊFࠋ ࠕ㔜ཪࡣᅇ⬟࡞ࠖ࠸࠺㜈್ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᑦࠊࣜ࢜ᐉゝཎ๎ࡣࠕ㔜 ㍺ධᅜࡢᇶ‽ᚑࡗ࡚ᣑᩓ㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ࢆࡾࠊ㛢㙐⣔タ࡛⏝ࡍࡿሙྜ ཪࡣᅇ⬟࡞ᦆᐖࡢ⬣ጾࠖthreats of serious or irreversible damageࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ ࡣࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ࡣせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸➨᮲㡯ࠋణࡋࠊ㍺ฟᅜࡣᏳ࡞ ᮲⣙๓ᩥࡣࠕ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢⴭࡋ࠸ῶᑡཪࡣ႙ኻࡢ࠾ࡑࢀࠖつᐃࡍࡿࡀࠊ㻱㼁㻌ࢥ ྲྀᢅ࠸ࠊໟཬࡧ㍺㏦ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㍺ฟ⪅ᑐࡋࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ Ᏻ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸ࡢせ௳ࠊ㏣ຍሗࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐃⤡ඛࢆྵࡴᩥ᭩ῧࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ ࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠊ㡯Eࠋ 㣗ရ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝㏵ࡢ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ࡣせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊᅜ ෆ⏝ࡢ᭱⤊Ỵᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᅜࡣ㻮㻯㻴㻌ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㝃ᒓ᭩ϩྵࡲࢀࡓ ሗࢆ㏻࿌ࡋࠊሗࡢṇ☜ࡉࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢἲⓗせ௳ࢆᐃࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡎࠊ㍺ධᅜࡣᅜෆつไᚑࡗ࡚㍺ධࡢྍྰࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ➨ ᮲㡯ࠋࡲࡓࠊᏳ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸ࠊ㐠ᦙࠊໟཬࡧ≉ᐃࡢ☜ಖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏘ရ㠀⤌࠼⏘ရࡢศูὶ㏻ࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌 ࢆࠕྵࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㺁㼙㼍㼥㻌㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚ࡇࠊ⎔ቃࡢពᅗⓗᑟධࢆ┠ⓗ ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ྠᵝࡢつᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࠖࣜࢫࢡࡢ㜈್ࡣྵࡲࢀࡎࠊ㻹㻳ࡣࢮࣟࣜࢫࢡࢆṇᙜࡍࡿ ࡋ࡚ᑐࡋࡓࡀࠊ㻱㼁ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᛂࡌ࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢཷᐜྍ⬟ᛶཪࡣ㐺ᙜ࡞ ಖㆤỈ‽ࢆad hocỴᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ㊃᪨⌮ゎࡋࠊࡇࡢほⅬ❧࡚ࡤࠊ㻿㻼㻿༠ᐃࡢࣜࢫ ࢡホ౯ࡢᐃ⩏᥋㏆ࡍࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋLaurence Graff, “The Precautionary principle”, in Bail et als eds..๓ᥖὀSS Robert Adren and Baill Parish, “Risk assessment”, in Bail et als eds., ๓ᥖὀ S 㝃ᒓ᭩Ϫࡣࠊࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞▱㆑ཪࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢḞዴࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ≉ᐃ ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࣜࢫࢡࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢḞዴࠊཪࡣཷᐜྍ⬟࡞ࣜࢫࢡࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿ ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖつᐃࡍࡿpara.4ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ➨᮲ཬࡧ➨᮲ᇶ࡙ࡃண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨ࡣࣜࢫࢡホ౯ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡘ ᬻᐃⓗࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ㼃㼀㻻ࡢ㻿㻼㻿༠ᐃ᫂ⓑ▩┪ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ ణࡋࠊᗘ┠௨㝆ࡢ㍺ධࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢᡭ⥆ࢆ┬␎ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨ࡀṇᙜࡉࢀࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢෆᐜࡣ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜᐙࡀࠕ₯ᅾⓗ ࡿᅜෆつไᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜཪࡣ⤒῭⛣⾜ᅜࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ ࡞ࠖᝏᙳ㡪ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ⎔ቃᨺฟཪࡣᕷሙὶ㏻ࢆ⚗Ṇࡋࡓ㛵ࡍࡿሗࡶ ⥆ࡢ㐺⏝ࢆᐉゝࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ➨᮲㡯ࠋ ഹ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᥐ⨨ࢆࢺ࣮ࣜ࢞ࡍࡿࠕண㜵ࠖࡢ⛬ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඹ㏻ᇶ‽ࢆ᥇ᢥࡍ 㻞㻤㻞 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻤㻟 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲ࡣࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ㍺ධỴᐃ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ㍺ධᅜࡀ⮬ᅜࡢ♫⤒῭ ࠼㎸ࡴࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ୰࡛ࡶࠊ➨᮲ᇶ࡙ࡃࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭ࠖไᗘࡢ᳨ ⓗࡶࡓࡽࡍᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆㄆࡵࠊ≉ᆅᇦ♫ཬࡧඛఫẸ ウࡣ᭱ࡢᠱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ♫࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢ౯್ࡢ⪃៖ࢆチᐜࡍࡿࠋ⪃៖せᅉࡣ㍺ධᅜࡢ 㔞ጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ ࠊᥐ⨨ࡢỴᐃ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ ࠕࡑࡢࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⩏ົ ୍⮴ࠖࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ๓ࡢ 㸱㸬 ࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ࣭ࢡࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖ㻌 㻌 ΅ࡢ⤒⦋ ㏻࿌ྠពࡢᡭ⥆ࢆᑟධࡋࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆせㄳࡋࡘࡘࠊண㜵ཬࡧ ࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭ࠖไᗘࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ⎔ቃᨺฟࡼࡿ༴ᐖࢆᠱᛕࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᇳ ♫⤒῭ⓗ⪃៖➼ࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡣ␗࡞ࡿ⏤ᇶ࡙ࡃ㍺ධつไࢆチᐜ ⾜ຊࡢᙉࢆồࡵࡿ㏵ୖᅜࡢせㄳࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅㆟㢟ྵࡵࡽࢀ ࡍࡿࡀࠊ㍺ධᅜࡢ㔞ࡣᢚไⓗᐃࡵࡽࢀࠊ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃࡢ⩏ົࡢゐࡣ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ㈐௵ไᗘࡢែᵝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㏵ୖᅜ㛫࡛ࡶぢゎࡀศࢀࠊ㻱㼁㻌 ៅ㔜ᅇ㑊ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ࡣៅ㔜࡞ែᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࠊ㻹㻳㻌ࡣᙉ◳ᑐࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲ࡣࠕ㈐ ࡉࡽࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ΅ጇ⤖ࡢࡓࡵࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᭕࡞つᐃࢆពᅗⓗṧ ௵ཬࡧᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞つ๎ཬࡧᡭ⥆ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ➨୍ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬࡛ྜព࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓㄽⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜྜࡽᖺ௨ෆࡍࡿࠖࡢࡳつᐃࡍࡿࠋࡿつ๎ཬࡧ ࠾ࡅࡿ⥅⥆ⓗ᳨ウࢆ᫂ᩥ࡛せㄳࡋ ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ཬࡧ㝃ᒓ᭩ࡢᐃᮇⓗホ౯࣭ ᡭ⥆ࡢ᳨ウࡣࠕᅜ㝿ἲ࡛㐍⾜୰ࡢ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊཬࡧṇᙜ⪃៖ࡋ ᳨ウࡶᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つ⠊ᵓ㐀ࡢᰂ㌾ᛶࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢࡢ ࡚ࠖ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⥾⣙ᅜྜࡢୗタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ ືែⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡢ࢟ࣕࢵࢳࢵࣉࢆᐜ᫆ࡍࡿ㠃ࠊ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬࡛⣮⣕ࡋࡓ ἲᚊᐙཬࡧᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡿ≉ูබ㛤సᴗ㒊ࡣࠊ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ ᨻⓗᑐ❧ࡀ᮲ᩥ᥇ᢥࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ⤊⤖ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚࠸ࢃࡤࠕ୧ ᅜ㝿ἲつ๎ཬࡧ᮲⣙ᐇ⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡿ ลࡢ࡛ࠖࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣࠊᐜ᫆ㄪࡋᚓ࡞࠸ᑐ❧ࢆᢪ ࡁ㈐௵ࣞࢪ࣮࣒ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡿࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ Richard Balhorn, “Canada”, in Christoph Bail,et als eds. ๓ᥖὀS; Holtby et als eds.,๓ᥖὀS ➨᮲ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᙜึࠊ΅ᮇ㝈ࡣᖺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᖺ ࡽᖺࡅ࡚ィᅇࢃࡓࡗ࡚㛤ࢀࡓྜ࡛ࡣྜព⮳ࡽࡎࠊ ᖺࡢ➨ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜྜ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻠┤๓ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࢥࣥ ࢱࢡࢺ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྜࢆ㛤ദࡋࠊㄪᩚࡀᅗࡽࢀࡓࠋ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻠࡛ࡣྠࢢ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ㼃㼀㻻༠ᐃࡀࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮࠾ࡅࡿ♫⤒῭ⓗࡢ⪃៖ࢆࡢ⛬ᗘࠊ ࣮ࣝࣉࡀඹྠ㆟㛗ࣇࣞࣥࢬ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡋ࡚ṇᘧタ❧ࡉࢀࠊᖺ チᐜࡍࡿࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㻿㻼㻿༠ᐃࡢୗࠊࣜࢫࢡホ౯࡛⤒῭ⓗせᅉࢆ⪃៖࡛ࡁ ࡽᖺࡢ㛫ᅇࡢྜࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚᭱⤊ࡀྜពࡉࢀࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌࡛ࠕࣂ ࡿࡢࡣື≀ࠊ᳜≀ࡢᗣࠊ⏕㛵ࢃࡿᥐ⨨ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ➨᮲㡯ࠋᮏ᮲ࡣ♧ ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩㈐௵ᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ࣭ࢡ ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᙧᘧⓗࡣඛఫẸ♫ཪࡣᆅᇦ♫ࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋHoltby, et als eds.,๓ᥖὀSS ᣋ✏ࠕࠗ⎔ቃ㈠᫆࠘࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩࠾ࡅࡿ┦⿵ᛶࠖ㓗㎰ᏛᅬᏛ⎔ቃ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒Ꮫ㒊⦅ࠗຍ⸨ᩍᤵ㏥⫋グᛕㄽᩥ㞟࠘ ࠊᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀ㝖እࡉࢀࡿࠕᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺ࡶ࡞࠸ࠖ ࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩㺁௨ୗࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡍࡿ㹿ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠋ Kate Cook, “Liability: ‘No Liability, No Protocol’, in Bail et als eds., ๓ᥖὀ SS Terms of Reference for the open-ended ad hoc working group of legal and technical 㻸㻹㻻ࡢ≉ᐃ➨᮲㡯ࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆࡛㍺ධᅜࡢỴᐃࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭ⥆࣭ᶵᵓࡢ Ỵᐃ➨᮲㡯ࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ≉ᐃࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊໟཬࡧ㐠ᦙࡢᐇ㛵ࡍࡿᇶ‽㛤Ⓨ experts on liability and redress in the context of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, An- ➨᮲㡯ࠊ㻮㻯㻴ࡢάື᪉ἲ➨᮲㡯ࠊ㈐௵ཬࡧᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿつ๎ཬࡧᡭ⥆ nex to COP/MOP Decision BS-1/8. ➨᮲ࠊ㑂Ᏺᡭ⥆➨᮲➼ࠋ 㻞㻤㻠 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 BS-IV/12, UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/4/18, 25 June 2008 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻤㻡 ㄽ ㄝ ㈐௵ࡢែᵝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᙜึࠊ」ᩘࡀ୪⾜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊከࡃ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࡿࠊ㈐௵ࢆᖐᒓࡉࡏࡿᴗ⪅ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠊே㌟ࠊ㈈⏘ᦆᐖ ࡢ㏵ୖᅜࡣᅜᐙ㈐௵ཪࡣච㈐᮲㡯ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸⤯ᑐ㈐௵ࡸࠊᙉไⓗ࡞㔠㖹ⓗ ࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ㝶ࡍࡿ㛫᥋ⓗᦆᐖ㝈ࡿࠊᅜෆẸ㈐௵ἲࡢጤ ಖド➼ࠊᙉຊ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࢆせㄳࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡸ㻱㼁㻌ࡀᙉࡃᑐࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡀ⭺╔ ௵ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿ➼ࡢㄽⅬࡣதࢃࢀࡓࡀࠊ➨ᅇ㆟㛗ࣇࣞࣥࢬ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᖺࡢ➨ᅇసᴗ㒊ྜ࡛ࡣࠊඹྠ㆟㛗ࡀࢥ࣭ ྜ࡛ᴫࡡྜពࡀᡂ❧ࡋࠊᖺ᭶ࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌┤๓㛤ࢀࡓ➨ᅇ ࢚࣓ࣞࣥࢺ࣭࣌ࣃ࣮ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨୍ḟⓗ⿵ൾࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࢆ⾜ᨻⓗࣉࣟ ㆟㛗ࣇࣞࣥࢬ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉྜ࡛ࡣࠊ〇ရཬࡧ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࡀ࡞தⅬ࡞ࡗ ࣮ࢳࡍࡿ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅ࠊẸ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᣦ㔪ࠊ⿵ⓗ࡞ ࡓࠋ ⿵ൾᥐ⨨ࠊ⿵㊊ⓗ࡞⬟ຊᵓ⠏ᥐ⨨ࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿ྲྀᴟࡵࢆྵࡴ⣲ࢆᥦࡋ 〇ရࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅㐣⛬࡛㏵ୖᅜࡀつไᑐ㇟ྵࡵࡿࡼ࠺ồ ࡓ ࠋᮏᥦࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊ࠶ࡿẸ㈐௵᮲㡯ࢆồࡵࡿㅖᅜࡑ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ๐㝖ࡉࢀࠊጇ༠ࡋ࡚〇ရࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆࣜࢫࢡホ౯࡛⪃៖ࡍ ࢀᑐࡍࡿㅖᅜࡢᑐ❧ࢆច㉳ࡋࠊጇ༠ࡋ࡚ࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻠࡛ࡣ⾜ ࡿࡼ࠺ດຊ⩏ົࡀㄢࡉࢀ㼟㼔㼛㼡㼘㼐㝃ᒓ᭩Ϫࠊࠊ㻮㻯㻴ᥦ౪ࡍࡁሗ ᨻⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࠊẸ㈐௵᮲㡯ࢆྵࡴ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅ࡀྜ ࡶྵࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ➨᮲㡯Fࠊ㝃ᒓ᭩ϨLࠋ ពࡉࢀࡓ㻮㻿㻙㼂㻵㻛㻝㻞ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐ❧ࡀ⇞ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ㣗ရࡸ⏕యྜ≀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຍᕤࡉࢀࡓ ⾜ᨻⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣࠊ⎔ቃࡑࢀ⮬యᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻᙜᒁ ᮦᩱࡣࠕ⏕ࡁࡓࠖ⏕≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡢ⏕≀ࡢ㛫࡛㑇ఏᏊࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡀཎᅉ⾜Ⅽ⪅ᦆᐖ㜵Ṇࠊཎ≧ᅇࠊ௦ൾ➼ࡢಟᥐ⨨ࢆࡌࠊởᰁ⪅㈇ ⎔ቃࡸேࡢᗣ㔜࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ ᢸཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᥐ⨨ࡢᐇᚲせ࡞㈝⏝ࢆ㈇ᢸࡉࡏࡿࢫ࣮࣒࡛࢟࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ〇ရࡢࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆ᥎ዡࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊຍᕤࡉࢀࡓᮦ 㻱㼁㻌ࡣࠊᖺࡢ㻱㼁㻌⎔ቃᦆᐖᣦ௧࠾࠸࡚ࠊᴗ⪅㔠㖹ⓗ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࠊ ᩱࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡶゎࡏࡿࡀࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲ࡢࠕ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢᅜቃࢆ ⮬↛⎔ቃᦆᐖࡢᮍ↛㜵Ṇࢆᅗࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ᮏࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࠊ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ ㉺࠼ࡿ⛣ື㉳ᅉࡍࡿᦆᐖࠖࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྰ ࠼⏕≀ࡢ⎔ቃࡢ₃ฟక࠺⎔ቃᦆᐖࡶࡑࡢᑐ㇟ྵࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➨ ࡣᩥ㠃ୖࠊ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣜࢫࢡࢆᠱᛕࡍࡿ࣐࣮ࣞࢩཬ ᮲㡯ࠊᒓ᭩Ϫ➨㡯ࠋ ࡧࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜࡣ㣗ရ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝㻸㻹㻻㻌ࢆ㍺ධࡋ࡚ࠊᅜෆ࡛ຍᕤࡋࡓᚋࠊ ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡶᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ࢫ࣮࣒࢟ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖཬࡧᣢ ᦆᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᙜヱᦆᐖࡣ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿᙇࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࠖࡋࠊே㌟ࠊ㈈⏘ᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿẸ㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࢆྵࡵࠊ〇ရࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᑐ㇟እ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡍࡿㅖᅜᑐ❧ࡋࡓࠋࡶࡗ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅜෆἲ‽ᣐࡉࡏࠊ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᣦ㔪ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ྜពࡉ ࡶࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢୗࠊ〇ရࡢᐃ⩏ࡘ࠸࡚ྜពࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗ ࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓࡓࡵࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡽ〇ရࡢゝཬࡣ๐㝖ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌ሗ࿌᭩ ࡶࡗࡶࠊࠕᦆᐖࡢᛴ㏕ࡋࡓ⬣ጾࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᦆᐖⓎ⏕๓ࡢᥐ⨨ࢆྵࡵ UNEP/CBD/BS/WG-L&R5/3, 25 March 2008, para.78. ᰘ⏣᫂✑ࠊ ࠕ᥇ᢥ┠๓㸟㻸㻹㻻㉳ᅉ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ㈐௵⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ᡂ❧ࡢ ព⩏ㄢ㢟ࠖ㻸㻒㼀ྕᖺ㡫ࠋ Directive 2004/35/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 ࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲ࡘ࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿゎ㔘ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ࠸࠺ゎࡀྵࡵࡽࢀ ࠕྜព࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡢྜពࠖࡢ᫂グࡼࡾࠊᅉᯝ ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ 㛵ಀࡢ❧ドࢆせ௳ࡋ࡚⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲ࠊ㠀㻸㻹㻻㻌࡛࠶ࡿ〇ရࡽ⏕ ࡌࡓᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㐺⏝ࡀチᐜࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡢవᆅࡀ ṧࡉࢀࡓࠋ on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/5/17, 14 December 2010, para.133. damage (Official Journal L 143 , 30/04/2004 P. 0056 – 0075)ྠᣦ௧ࡢヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࡋ New treaty on liability for GMO damage is born, Report of the 4th Meeting of the Group ࡚ࡣࠊ⸨㯞⾰ࠕ㻱㼁⎔ቃࣛࣅࣜࢸᣦ௧࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⾜ᨻⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖࡑࡢ of the Friends of the Co-Chairs, Third World Network Briefing Paper 1, 5th Meeting of the ᅜ㝿ἲࡢ♧၀ࠖࠗᅜ㝿༠ຊㄽ㞟࠘➨ᕳ➨ྕᖺ㡫ࠋ Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on 㻞㻤㻢 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻤㻣 ㄽ ㄝ 㔠㖹ⓗಖドࡣࠊᴗ⪅⿵ൾ㈝⏝ࡢᨭᡶ࠸ࢆ☜ಖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏝⏦ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ ㄳࡢチྍせ௳ࡋ࡚ᙉไಖ㝤ࠊ⿵ൾᇶ㔠ࡢド᫂᭩ࡢྲྀᚓ➼ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ ᑦࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅㐣⛬࡛ࠊせ✀ⱑᴗ⪅ࡽࡣ௵ពⓗ࡞⿵ൾᇶ㔠㼀㼔㼑㻌 ࢆᣦࡍࠋ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࡣ᪤ᏑࡢẸ㈐௵᮲⣙ࡣྵࡵࡽࢀࠊࡲࡓࠊ⾜ᨻⓗ 㻯㼛㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠ࡢタ❧ࢆᐉゝࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᴗ⪅ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ฟ㈨ᇶ࡙ࡁ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡣ㍺ධᅜࡢᙜᒁᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࡢ☜ಖࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ₯ᅾ タ❧ࡉࢀࠊணࡵຍධࡋࡓᅜᐙࡢㄳồᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⏕≀ከ ⓗ㍺ධᅜࡗ࡚ࡣ㔜せ࡞㛵ᚰ㡯࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ➼ࡢ⏕⏘ ᵝᛶᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ᑂᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㈺ൾ㔠㢠ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ዎ⣙ⓗ࡞࣓࢝ࢽ ᅜࡣࠊ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣಖ㝤ᕷሙࡀᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊ㔠㖹ⓗ ࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋಖ㝤ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ㈺ൾ㔠㢠ࡣୖ㝈ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࠊᅜ㝿 ಖドࡢᙉไࡣᴗ⪅㐣ᗘࡢ㔠㖹ⓗ㈇ᢸࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࠊ㈠᫆㞀ቨ࡞ࡿࡋ࡚ ௰ุᡤࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⣮தゎỴᡭ⥆ࡶྵࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡿ⮬ⓗྲྀ⤌ࡣ ᑐࡋࡓࠋ⃭ࡋ࠸ᑐ❧ࡢᮎࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡿᩥゝࡢᤄධࡣ᩿ᛕࡉ ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇ┤᥋ࠊ㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀࠊ ࢀ࡚ࠊᅜෆἲᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡘᅜ㝿ἲࡢᶒ⩏ົ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡇࢆせ௳ࡋ 㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌Ỵᐃ࠾࠸࡚᫂♧ⓗゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㻮㻿㻙㼂㻛㻝㻝๓ᩥࠋ ࡚ࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࢆᴗ⪅せㄳࡍࡿ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᶒࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ ᭩➨᮲ࠋᮏ᮲ࡣᶒ᮲㡯࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡢᅜ㝿༠ᐃࡢ┦⿵ᛶࢆ ࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ࣭ࢡࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖࡢᴫせ ᐃࡵࡓ๓ᩥࢆ㢳៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃ➼ࡢ⩏ົ┤᥋ࠊゐࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ ㈐௵ᩆ῭ไᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌ࡣ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࠊ㏣ຍⓗࡘ⿵ ࡞࠸ࠋ᪉ࠊᮏ᮲ࡼࡾࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡀ᪂ࡓᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢᶒ⬟ࢆࡉࢀࡿࢃ ⓗ࡞⿵ൾᥐ⨨ࠊ⿵ⓗ࡞⬟ຊᵓ⠏ᥐ⨨ࢆྵࡴỴᐃࢆ᥇ᢥࡋࠊ㛫ⓗไ⣙ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊἲⓗࡣ☜ㄆⓗព⩏␃ࡲࡿࡀࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓㅖ ࡢࡓࡵࠊẸ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿᣦ㔪ࡢ᥇ᢥࡣᚋࡢ᳨ウጤࡡࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᅜࡗ࡚ࡣ΅ࡢࡁ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࡣࠊᮏ᮲ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ㔠㖹 ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣேࡢᗣࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ⪃៖ධࢀ࡚ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖཬ ⓗಖドࡀ㈠᫆㞀ቨ࡞ࡿྰࡣࢣ࣮ࢫࣂࢣ࣮ࢫࡢุ᩿࡛࠶ࡾࠊἲⓗ ࡧࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᐤࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ➨᮲ࠊ㉺ቃ⛣ື㉳ ゐࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣ㏵ୖᅜࡢᠱᛕࡢᑐฎࡀྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᅉࡍࡿ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᦆᐖ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡣ⎔ቃᨺ 㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼ࡣ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩Ⓨຠᚋࡢ⥾⣙ᅜྜ࡛ࠊົᒁࡀ㖹ⓗಖド࣓࢝ࢽ ฟ⏝ࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ࠊ㣗ရ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝ࢆྵࡳ➨᮲㡯ࠊ㍺ධᅜࡢチ ࢬ࣒ࡢ᪉ᘧࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࢆ౪ࡍࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞ᶵ㛵ࢆ᫂☜ࡋࠊ≉ ྍࢆᚓ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿពᅗⓗ࡞⛣ືྠ᮲㡯ࠊ㠀ពᅗⓗ⛣ືࠊཬࡧἲ࡞⛣ ㏵ୖᅜࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⎔ቃୖࠊ♫ⓗཬࡧ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࢆỴᐃ ື㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿྠ᮲㡯ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ෆ࡛⏕ࡌࡓᦆᐖཬࡧ⿵ ࡋࡓ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩➨᮲㡯ࠋ ㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢຠຊⓎ⏕ᚋࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡢ⟶㎄ྥࡅ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛தࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㄽⅬࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㍺ධᅜࡢつไᶒ㝈ࡢᙉ ࠊᴗ⪅ࡢ༴㝤㈇ᢸࡢ㐺⏝⠊ᅖࡢᣑࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ㏵ୖᅜࡢᙇࡢ ࡽࡳ࡚ࠊᐇ┈ࡣⷧ࠸ࡢᣦࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᰘ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖὀ㡫ࠋ ⌧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢୗࠊㄡࡀࣜࢫࢡࢆᘬࡁཷࡅࡿ ࡁࠊ࠸࠺ඛ㏦ࡾࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓㄽⅬࡀࡧ΅ࡢಋୖ㍕ࡏࡽࢀࡓࡶ of Damage to Biological Diversity Caused by the Release of a Living Modified Organism; ゎࡏࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࡣⓑ㯮ࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋྜពෆᐜࡢホ౯ The “COMPACT” Q&A, A Binding Agreement to Assure Timely Response in the Event Stuart J. Smyth, A. Brayan Endres, Thomas P. Redick and Drew L. Kershen eds., Innovation and Liability in Biotechnology-Transnational and Comparative Perspectives, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010, pp.84-85. Biosafety, 11-15 October 2010, Nagoya, p.1. ᑦࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ๓ᢎㄆࡢẁ㝵࡛ᗈ⠊ BS-V/11, UNEP/CB/BS/COP-MOP/5/17, 14 December 2010 ࡞つไࡢᑟධࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡶ⏕ࡌᚓࡿࠋࡇࡢほⅬࡽᢈุⓗ࡞ぢゎࡋ࡚ࠊⓑ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ⏝㏵ཪࡣ㠀ពᅗⓗ⛣ືࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⥾⣙ᅜせ ὒ୍ࠊ ࠕ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐟ㢟ࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭ࠖ ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩᥇ᢥṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࠖ ㄳࡍࡿ๓ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢ᪉ᘧཬࡧ⛬ᗘࡣ┦㐪ࡋࠊ⾜ᨻࡀሗࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࡶྠ ࠗ㎰ᴗ⤒῭࠘㻺㼛㻚ࠊ 㡫ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࡢ᮲㡯ࡣࠊ㍺ධᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇ☜ಖ࠸࠺ほⅬ ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡀᅜෆᐇ࠾ࡅࡿ⾜ᨻࢥࢫࢺࢆ㧗ࡵࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࡋ࡚ࠊᰘ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖὀࠊ㡫ࠋ 㻞㻤㻤 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻤㻥 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ືࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᦆᐖࡶ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿྠ᮲㡯ࠋࡉࡽࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜ ࢆࡾࠊᥐ⨨ࡢᐇཬࡧホ౯せࡍࡿ㈝⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᴗ⪅ൾ㑏ࢆồࡵ ෆᐇἲࡣ㠀⥾⣙ᅜࡽࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ືࡽ⏕ࡌࡓᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ ࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿྠ᮲㡯ࠋ ࡶࡢࡉࢀࡓྠ᮲㡯ࠋ ᦆᐖࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࠊᴗ⪅ࡢ≉ᐃ᪉ἲࠊᑐᛂᥐ⨨๓ᅇ㑊ᥐ⨨ࢆྵࡴࡢ ࡇࡇ࡛ᦆᐖࡣࠊᶒ㝈࠶ࡿᙜᒁࡀேⅭⓗ࡞ཪࡣ⮬↛ࡢኚ␗ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᐃ 㑅ᢥ➼ࠊᡭ⥆ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせせ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜゎ㔘ࡢవᆅࡀㄆࡵ ࡵࡓ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜❧ࡋࡓ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥࢆ⪃៖ධࢀ࡚ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖཬ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪉ࠊᴗ⪅ᑐࡍࡿᡭ⥆ⓗಖ㞀ࡋ࡚ࠊỴᐃࡣ⌮⏤ࢆ ࡧࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᑐࡍࡿᝏᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᐃྍ⬟㼙㼑㼍㼟㼡㼞㼍㼎㼘㼑ཪ ࡋࠊሗධᡭཬࡧ᭹⏦❧࡚ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⾜ᨻⓗཪࡣྖἲⓗᡭ⥆ࢆᐃࡵࡿࡶ ࡣほᐹྍ⬟㼛㼎㼟㼑㼞㼢㼍㼎㼘㼑ࡘ㔜࡞㼟㼕㼓㼚㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼚㼠ࡶࡢࢆᣦࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㛵 ࡢࡉࢀࠊᙜヱᡭ⥆ࡣணࡵᴗ⪅㏻▱ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ➨ 㐃࠾࠸࡚ࠊேࡢᗣࣜࢫࢡࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ➨᮲㡯Eࠋ㔜 ᮲㡯ࠋ ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࡣࠊձྜ⌮ⓗᮇ㛫ෆ⮬↛ࡢᅇࡼࡗ࡚ಟࡉࢀ࡞࠸㛗ᮇ Ẹ㈐௵ࡢᐇ㛵ࡍࡿ➨᮲ࡣ୕ࡘࡢつᐃࢆྵࡴࠋ➨୍ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝ ⓗࡘᜏஂⓗ࡞ኚࠊղ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ㔞ⓗཪࡣ ᛶಖཬࡧᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⏝ᑐࡍࡿᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᦆᐖᑐࡍࡿつ๎ཬ ㉁ⓗ࡞ኚࠊճ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ≀ཬࡧࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡢ ࡧᡭ⥆ࢆྵࡵࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ᚑࡗࡓᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆᅜෆἲ࡛つᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺⩏ົ పୗࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࠊմ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㛵㐃࠾࠸࡚ேࡢᗣࡢᝏᙳ㡪 ࡙ࡅࡓࠋᅜෆἲ࡛ᑐฎࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊẸ㈐௵ࡢ୍⯡ἲࢆྵࡴ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜෆἲࡢ ࡶ⪃៖࡛ࡁࡿྠ᮲㡯 ࠋ 㐺⏝ࠊ≉ูࡢẸ㈐௵ἲࡢ❧ἲཬࡧ㐺⏝ࠊཪࡣࡑࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡛ ㈐௵ࡀᖐᒓࡉࢀࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࢆ┤᥋ཪࡣ㛫᥋⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⪅࡛ࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ ࡶࡼ࠸➨᮲㡯ࠋ➨ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ㝶ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ㈈⏘ཪࡣ ⏝⏦ㄳ➼ࡢチྍྲྀᚓ⪅ࠊୖᕷ⪅ࠊ㛤Ⓨ⪅ࠊ〇㐀⪅ࠊ㏻࿌⪅ࠊ㍺ฟ⪅ࠊ㍺ ே㌟ᦆᐖ➨᮲㡯E㛵ࡍࡿẸ㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊᅜෆἲ࡛㐺ᙜ࡞つ ධ⪅ࠊ㐠ᦙ⪅ཪࡣ౪⤥⪅ࢆྵࡳྠ᮲㡯Fࠊྛᅜࡀ⮬ᅜࡢᅜෆἲᚑ ๎ཬࡧᡭ⥆ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡢୗࠊẸ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡ἲࡢ㐺⏝ࠊ ࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ Ẹ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿ≉ูἲࡢ❧ἲཪࡣ㐺⏝ࠊ୧⪅ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࡛ ⥾⣙ᅜࡣᦆᐖࡢⓎ⏕㝿ࡋࠊᴗ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ሗࢆ㏿ࡸᥦ౪ࡋࠊᦆ ᑐฎࡍࡿࡇࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓྠ᮲㡯ࠋ➨୕ࠊୖ㏙ࡢ✀㢮ࡢᦆᐖ ᐖࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ㐺ᙜ࡞ᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆࡿࡼ࠺せㄳࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ➨ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊẸ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿ≉ูἲࢆ❧ἲࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊᦆᐖࠊ㈐௵ࡢỈ ᮲㡯ࠋᶒ㝈࠶ࡿᙜᒁࡣᴗ⪅ࢆ≉ᐃࡋࠊᦆᐖࢆホ౯ࡋࠊᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࡢෆᐜ ‽ཝ᱁㈐௵ཪࡣ㐣ኻ㈐௵ࠊཬࡧཎ࿌㐺᱁ࢆᵓᡂせ⣲ࡋ࡚ྵࡵࡿࡼ࠺ ࢆỴᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ྠ᮲㡯ࠋᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࡣᦆᐖࢆ㜵Ṇࡋࠊ᭱ᑠ ♧ࡉࢀࡓྠ᮲㡯ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡀᙉࡃồࡵ࡚ࡁࡓே㌟ࠊ㈈⏘ᦆ ࡋࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵࠊ㍍ῶࡋཪࡣᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢྜ⌮ⓗᥐ⨨࡛ࠊཎ≧ᅇⱝࡋ ᐖ㛵ࡍࡿẸ㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢㆡṌࢆྵࡳࡘࡘࠊᅜෆἲࢆ⩏ ࡃࡣ㏆ఝ≧ែࡢಟࠊྠ୍ⱝࡋࡃࡣࡢሙᡤ࡛ࠊᦆኻศࢆࡢᵓᡂせ ົ࡙ࡅࡿ᮲㡯ࡀྵࡵࡽࢀࠊᚋࠊ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᣦ㔪ࡼࡗ࡚⣽┠ࡀ ⣲ཪࡣ⏝㏵࡛௦᭰ࡍࡿ௦ൾᥐ⨨ࢆྵࡴ➨᮲㡯GࠋࡉࡽࠊᦆᐖⓎ⏕ ワࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ๓࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㻮㻯㻴ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓሗࡼࡾࠊᦆᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㧗࠸↛ᛶ ᑦࠊච㝖➨᮲ࠊຠ➨᮲ཬࡧ⿵ൾࡢୖ㝈➨᮲ࡣᅜෆἲ࡛ᐃ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡁࡣࠊᴗ⪅ࡣᦆᐖᅇ㑊ᥐ⨨ࢆࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨ ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㔠㖹ⓗಖドࡢᶒࡀ᫂グࡉࢀࡓⅬࡣୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ ᮲㡯ࠋᑦࠊᴗ⪅ࡀᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆࡽ࡞࠸ࡁࠊᶒ㝈࠶ࡿᙜᒁࡣ⮬ࡽᥐ⨨ ࡀ➨᮲ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼ࡣⓎຠࡢᖺᚋ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇຠ 㼁㻺㻱㻼ࠕ⎔ቃᑐࡍࡿ༴㝤άືࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᦆᐖ㈐௵ཬࡧᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࡢᅜෆ❧ἲ⟇ᐃ 㻱㼁ࡢពྥࢆᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡣᅜෆἲ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓᦆᐖホ౯ᇶ ࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪ࠖGuidelines for the development of domestic legislation on liability, re- ‽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᐃࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲㡯ࠋ sponse action and compensation for damage caused by activities dangerous to the environ- mentࡀཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓࠋAnnex to Decision SS.XI/5 B,UNEP/GCSS.XI/II, 2 March 2010. ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕ୍ᐃࡢሙྜࠖ࠸࠺ไ㝈ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㻞㻥㻜 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᦆᐖࡢ⠊ᅖࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡉࢀࠊ➨㡯ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ♧ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻥㻝 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ᛶࢆホ౯ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ᭱ึࡢぢ┤ࡋࡣ➨᮲㔠㖹ⓗಖドཬࡧ➨ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡢᙉ࠸せᮃࢆཷࡅ࡚΅㆟㢟ྵࡵࡽࢀࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ ᮲Ẹ㈐௵ࡢᐇຠᛶࡢホ౯ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢࡉࢀࡓ➨᮲ࠋ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ ࡞ࢢࣜࣇ࣮ࢻࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᨭ㓄ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍᴗ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ᙉࢆᛕ㢌 ᭩ࡣᖺ᭶᪥ࡽ⨫ྡࡢࡓࡵ㛤ᨺࡉࢀࠊࣨᅜࡀᢈࡋࡓ᪥ᚋ ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩΅ࡢ↔Ⅼࡣࠊḟ➨せᅜࡢᅜෆἲไࡢ Ⓨຠࡍࡿ➨᮲ ࠋ ㄪᩚᩡࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ 㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌࡛ࡣࡇࡢࠊࣜࢫࢡホ౯ᣦ㔪ࠊᏳ࡞ྲྀᢅ࠸࣭㐠ᦙ࣭ໟ ≉ࠊࢻࢢ࣐ࢸࢵࢡ࡞ᑐ❧ᵓ㐀ࡀኚࡍࡿ୰ࠊ΅ࢆ⤊ጞ࣮ࣜࢻࡋ ཬࡧ⾲♧ࠊ♫⤒῭ⓗ⪃៖ࠊබ⾗ࡢၨⓎ࣭ཧຍ➼ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓ㻱㼁㻌ᇦෆ࠾ࡅࡿඹྠయᵓᡂᅜࡢつไᶒ㝈ࡢ㓄ศࡀࠊᚤጁ࡞ࣂ ࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᢏ⾡ⓗᣦ㔪ࡸࡑࡢ㐠⏝㛵ࢃࡿ㆟㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᚑ᮶ࠊ㆟ㄽ ࣛࣥࢫࢆᫎࡋࡓྜពෆᐜᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㏵ୖᅜ ࡀ⭺╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⥅⥆ⓗ࡞᳨ウࡀྜពࡉࢀࠊ㻮㻯㻴㻌ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ࢜ࣥ ࡢ୍ᐃࡢㆡṌࢆㄆࡵࡘࡘࠊᐇ㉁ⓗࡣࠕ㻱㼁㻌⎔ቃᦆᐖᣦ௧ࡢᙳࠖࡢୗ࡛ ࣛࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡸカ⦎ࡀ㔜⏝ࡉࢀࡿ➼ࠊᨻⓗᑐ❧ࡀ⦆ࡉࢀࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ ྜពࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠼ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀఛࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ⾜ᨻࡢ๓ᢎㄆࡢዴఱࢃࡽࡎࠊᴗ⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ㈝⏝㈇ ᢸࡼࡿᦆᐖಟࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿ௨ୖࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ື㛵㐃ࡋࠊᴗ⪅ ᑠᣓ ࡢ༴㝤㈐௵ࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࠊྜពࡉࢀࡓࡳࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┤᥋⿕ᐖ⪅ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ື㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆ ࡀᏑᅾࡏࡎࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࠸࠺බ┈ᐖࡢࡳࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡢୗࠊ㻱㼁⎔ ᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻࡀ⎔ቃಟ➼ࡢᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆᴗ⪅ࡌࠊࡑࡢ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ ቃᦆᐖᣦ௧ྠᵝࠊ⾜ᨻࡢࢽࢩࢸࣈࡼࡾᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࡢ☜ಖࢆᅗࡿࡇ ࢆồࡵࡿᅜෆἲᩚഛࢆせㄳࡍࡿไᗘࡋ࡚ྜពࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ⏕≀ ࡣྜ⌮ᛶࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚㈐௵ᩆ῭ࢆᐃࡵࡿึࡢᅜ㝿᮲⣙࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐ ࡋࡋࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ᰾ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡼࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࠖ࠸ ௵ไᗘࢆ⏕ែ⣔ࣜࢫࢡࡢண㜵ⓗ⟶⌮ࡢ୍⎔⨨ࡅࡿⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠊὀ┠ ࠺ᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ඹ㏻ゎࡣ⏕ᡂࡏࡎࠊㄡࡀ࡞ࡐࠊᦆᐖ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࡁࠊ ್ࡍࡿࠋ ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾࠊእᅜุỴࡢᇳ⾜ࡸ㉺ቃⓗ࡞㈺ൾไᗘࡣከࡃࡢᅜࡗ࡚࠸ࢃࡤࠕ❧ࡕ ᖺ᭶᪥⌧ᅾࠊࣨᅜ 㻱㼁 ࡀ⨫ྡࢆ⤊࠼ࠊྠᖺ᭶ ᪥ࠊࣛࢺࣦࡀ Ẹ㈐௵ἲࡣᅜෆ⚾ἲࡢ᰿ᖿࢃࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗㄪࡣᴟࡵ࡚ ᭱ึࡢᢈᅜ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ධࡾ⚗Ṇ༊ᇦ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSummary of the Second Meeting of the ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇᣦ㔪ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ⛉Ꮫⓗ Group of Friends of the Co-chairs on Liability and Redress in the context of the Cartagena ᳨ウࢆせࡍࡿࡇ␃ពࡋ࡚ࠊබ㛤࢜ࣥࣛࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢ⥅⥆ࠊ≉ูᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛ᐙ Protocol on Biosafety, Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol.9, No.495, 15 February, 2010, p.10. ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㻭㻴㼀㻱㻳ࡢ௵ົࡢᘏ㛗ࢆỴᐃࡋࠊྜࢃࡏ࡚ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡢ‽ഛ࣭ホ౯ࡢࡓ ࡵࡢカ⦎ࡸࠊ⬟ຊᵓ⠏ࡢᨭࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋᑦࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ࡢච㝖㛵㐃ࡍࡿࠕᝏᙳ㡪 ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊ࢘ࣝࢢ➼ࡀ⏕⏘ᅜࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ሙ࡛΅ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋAarti ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࡞࠸㻸㻹㻻ࠖࠊண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨㛵㐃ࡍࡿࠕᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ Gupta, “Global biosafety governance: Emergence and evolution”, in Oran R. Young , ࡿ㻸㻹㻻ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢୗࠊࣜࢫࢺࡣᮇᑦ᪩࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ぢ㏦ W.Bradnee Chambers,Joy A. Kim and Claudia ten Have eds., Institutional Inter- ࡽࢀࠊ⥾⣙ᅜ㛵㐃ሗࡢᥦ౪ࢆồࡵࡿ␃ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋබ⾗ࡢၨⓎࠊᩍ⫱ࠊཧ play-Biosafety and trade, 2008, p.34.᪉ࠊ ㏵ୖᅜࡶ΅ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡋ࡚ࡢồᚰຊࢆప ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㉳ⲡ㐣⛬ᙳ㡪ຊࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㻹㻳㻌ࡢせᅜࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᯟእ␃ࡲ ຍࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⬟ຊᵓ⠏ࠊၨⓎᩍ⫱ࠊሗࢡࢭࢫࠊබ⾗ཧຍࡢせ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ ୗࡉࡏࡿ୰࡛ࠊᙉ◳࡞ᑐ❧ᵓᅗࡣὶືࡋࠊྜពࡢᶵ㐠ࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ 」ᩘᖺᗘࢃࡓࡿసᴗィ⏬ࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࠊィ⏬ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠౪࢜ࣥࣛ ࡿࠋSummary of the fifth Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol l on Biosafety: ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓカ⦎ࡀዡບࡉࢀࡓࠋ♫⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪ࡢ⪃៖ࡢࡾ㐍ࡵ᪉ࡘ 11-15 October 2010, Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol.9 No.533, 18 October, 2010, p.14. ࠸࡚ࡣ㆟ㄽࡀศࢀࡓࡀࠊㄪᰝሗᇶ࡙ࡃ㛵㐃ᣦ㔪ࡢ᳨ウࡀྜពࡉࢀࡓࠋ BS-V/8, BS-V/9, BS-V/12, BS-V/13, UNEP/CBD/BS/COP-MOP/5/17, 14 December 2010. ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᛶࢆక࠺ୖࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥࡢỴᐃཬࡧᝏᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ࡣఱࡽࡢ♫ⓗ ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠊ㔝እᨺฟࡉࢀࡓ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࡸࠊࡑࡢ⏕ែ⣔ࡢᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡣ 㻞㻥㻞 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻥㻟 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㆟ㄽࡣ῝ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜෆᐇ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㈐௵ᖐᒓ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ」ᩘࢆ♧ࡍࡿ␃ࡵࠊ ἲࢆᴫほࡋࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆᢈཪࡣຍධࡍࡿ㝿⪃៖ࡍࡁㄽⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ ㈐௵ࡢỈ‽ࠊᦆᐖホ౯᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅜෆἲࡢ‽ᣐࢆチᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ㈐௵ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᚋࡢ᳨ウどゅࢆ⪃ ࡓࠊ〇ရࡼࡿᦆᐖࡸࠊண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨ࡢせ௳➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࣜࢫࢡᑐฎࡍ ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࡁ⾜ᨻࡢ⩏ົཬࡧᴗ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ࡢ⠊ᅖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᫂☜࡞ྜពࡣៅ㔜ᅇ 㑊ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ே㌟ࠊ㈈⏘ᐖཬࡧ⤒῭ⓗᦆኻ㛵ࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡉࡽ 㸲㸬࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ཬࡧ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜෆⓗᐇ㻌 㻌 ᗈ⠊࡞㔞ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㠀ᣊ᮰ⓗᣦ㔪ࡀྜពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸⌧ẁ ᅜෆᐇἲไᐃࡢ⤒⦋ 㝵࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜෆἲไࡀ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⩏ົ୧❧ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ⏕ࡌᚓࡿ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᚤ⏕≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ〇⸆ࠊ㣗ရຍᕤࠊほ㈹⏝ⰼ༘᱂ᇵ➼࡛ࣂ࢜ࢸ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡣࠊࡑࡢᒚ⾜☜ಖࡢᡭἲࡶྵࡵ࡚ᮍ▱ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢᐇ⏝ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊᚋࡣᚤ⏕≀ࡸ᳜≀ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⎔ቃίࠊ⏕ศ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ື㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡢᩆ῭ࡘ࠸ ゎࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫ⪏ᛶ✀ࡼࡿ◁₍⥳ࠊᏛཎᮦᩱࡢ⏕⏘ࠊࣂ ࡚ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㈐௵ἲࡢ࣎ࢺ࣒ࣛࣥࢆᐃࡵࠊᅜෆἲࡢ࡞ㄪࡀ ࢚࢜ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⏕⏘ࠊ་⒪ศ㔝࡛ࡢᛂ⏝➼ࡀ᭷ᮃどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪉ࠊ㎰ ྜពࡉࢀࡓ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ᅜ㝿ἲୖࡢἲ┈ಖㆤ ᴗ⪅ࡢ⤒Ⴀつᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊᅜෆᕷሙࡀៅ㔜࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊほ㈹⏝ⰼ༘ࢆ㝖ࡁࠊ ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ㉺ቃⓗᛶ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㎿㏿࡞ಟࢆ☜ಖࡍ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡢၟᴗ᱂ᇵࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩࠊ ࡁඹ㏻ࡢ⩏ົࡣྜពࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ㈐௵ἲࢆ፹ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂つᢏ⾡ࡢᑟධక ࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢱࢿࠊ㇋ࠊ࣡ࢱ➼ࡢ⏝ᢎㄆࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ㍺ධ㇋ࡢࠊࢺ ࠺ࣜࢫࢡࢆ♫ෆ࡛㓄ศࡋࠊࡶࡗ࡚♫ⓗ⾮ᖹࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿලయⓗ᪉ἲࡘ ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩࡢࡣ⡿ᅜࡽࠊࢼࢱࢿࡢࡣ࢝ࢼࢲࡽ㍺ධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊྛᅜࡢ⤫ྜⓗ࡞ἲᨻ⟇ጤࡡࡽࢀࡓゎࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ ࠋ ྜពᙧᡂࡀྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡢᐈほⓗᐃ⩏ࡣ⮬ࡎ୍ᐃࡢ㝈⏺ ࡀ⏕ࡌᚓࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㻱㼁⎔ቃᦆᐖᣦ௧ࡣ㻱㼁⎔ቃἲࡢᇳ⾜☜ಖࡢᡭẁ ⨨ࡅࡽࢀࠊ㈐௵つ๎ࡣ๓ࡢつไᐦ᥋㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᣦࡘ࠸࡚ ࡀࠊ୧ᅜ࡛ࡣ⤌࠼✀ࡢ᱂ᇵ㠃✚ࡀ༙࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ᪤ᅜෆᕷሙ ࡣ┦ᙜ㔞ࡢ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀ࡀฟᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡢࡇ ࢁࠊ㣗ရᦤྲྀࡸᭀ㟢ࡼࡿᗣ⿕ᐖࠊ㞧ࡼࡿ⤒῭ⓗᦆኻ➼ࡣሗ࿌ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊᮍᢎㄆస≀ࡢΰධࡸ㚷㈹㨶ࡢἲ㍺ධࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࠊⲴᥭࡆ ࿘㎶ཬࡧἢ㐨࡛ࡣࠊ㍺ධࡉࢀࡓࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢱࢿࠊࢲࢬ➼ࡢࡇࡰࢀ࠾ࡕ ࡣࠊ୰すඃ⨾Ꮚࠊ ࠕ㻱㼁⎔ቃἲࡢᐇຠᛶ☜ಖᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢ㻱㼁⎔ቃᦆᐖ㈐௵ᣦ௧ࠖࠊỌ ࡼࡿ⮬⏕ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㔝⚽㞝ࠊᒸᯇᬡᏊ⦅ⴭࠊࠗ⎔ቃἲ̿ᅜ㝿ἲㅖእᅜἲไࡢㄽⅬ࠘୕᭩⡠ࠊ ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ ᛂࡌࡓᰂ㌾࡞ᐇࢆチᐜࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࢆ✚ᴟⓗホ౯ࡍࡿぢゎࡋ࡚ࠊThe Inter- ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕ୍㒊ࡢ࣓ࢹࠊᕷẸᅋయࠊ㻺㻳㻻ࡀ⛉Ꮫⓗᐇᇶ࡙࡞࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ national Symposium on COP10 and COP-MOP5: The Significance of the Nagoya-Kuala ࡣ༑ศ࡞⌮ゎពᅗⓗሗゎ㔘ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚♫ Lumpur Supplementary Protocol and the Nagoya Protocol on ABS, Tuesday, March 15th, Ᏻࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠖ ࠊ ࠕᐇែࡢ࡞࠸ἲᚊㄽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㑊ࡅࠊ͐┤᥋ࡢྲྀᘬ 2011, Grand Prince Hotel Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan, pp.13-14. available at: http://www.cbd. ⪅ࡼࡿᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᑐᛂ㐣ኻ㈐௵ຍᐖ⪅ࡢㄔព࠶ࡿ⿵ൾࡀ㐺ṇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕ㛤Ⓨ int/doc/reports/report-symposium-cop10-mop5-en.pdf ⪅㈐௵ࢆᖐᒓࡉࡏࡿࡢࡣ᰿ᣐࡀ࡞࠸ࠖࡢᢈุࡀ࠶ࡿࠋΏ㑔⏨ࠊࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ ᮲⣙࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼࣂ࢜ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ㆟ࡢᡤぢ̿㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼య ࡲࡵࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶ࠊ㡫ࠋhttp://www.s.affrc.go.jp/docs/commitee/gm/pdf/last_summary. ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼㎰స≀ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࠖ᭱⤊ࡾ 㻸㻹㻻㼟ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ⪅ࡣࠊ㻸㻹㻻㼟ಀࡿ࠸࡞ࡿᨾࡶཝ᱁㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ pdf ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ㸽ࠖ ࠊ ࠗࣂ࢜ࢧ࢚ࣥࢫࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ࠘㼂㼛㼘㻚㻺㼛㻚㡫ࠋ ౯㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲≉ู◊✲࠘ᖹᡂ㹼ᖺᗘࠊ㡫ࠋ ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢࠕᕦጁ࡞᭕ࡉࠖskillfull ambiguity ゝཬࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜ ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேᅜ❧⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤࠗධ⏕≀࣭⤌࠼⏕≀ࡼࡿ㑇ఏⓗከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ 㻞㻥㻠 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻥㻡 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᖺᏛࡑࡢࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿ⤌࠼ ➼ᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋ 㻰㻺㻭㻌ᐇ㦂ᣦ㔪ࢆྛࠎ⟇ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ ࠊᖺࡣ୧⪅ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࠊ㧗➼Ꮫ ➨୍✀⏝➼ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡣࠊணࡵࡑࡢྲྀᢅ࠸᪉ἲ➼ࡘ࠸࡚➨୍✀つ⛬ࢆ ᰯ࡛ࡢᐇ㦂ࡶ㐺⏝⠊ᅖࢆᣑࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᣦ㔪࡛ࡣ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ ᐃࡵࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯᭩ࢆῧࡋࡓ⏦ㄳ᭩ࢆᥦฟࡋ࡚ࠊົ⮧ࡢᢎ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀồࡵࡿ㍺ฟᡭ⥆ࠊࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࣭㐠ᦙ࠾ࡅࡿ⾲♧ࡢᐇ ㄆࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨᮲ࠋᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓ➨୍✀つ⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᗈ ࠊ㐪ࡢฎ⨩➼ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏࡘ࠸࡚࢝ࣝ ࡃ࿘▱ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ົ⮧ࡀබ⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡉࢀ➨᮲ࠊᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ᢎ ࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀⓎຠࡍࡿᖺ᭶᪥ࡅ࡛ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ ㄆ๓ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏦ㄳ⪅௨እࡢ⪅ࡀ➨୍✀ ⏝➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖ௨ୗࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ ⏝➼ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࡶࡇࡢつ⛬ᚑࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ ἲࡍࡿ㹿ࢆ⾜ࡋࠊ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭㻌ᣦ㔪ࡣᗫṆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢࣜࢫࢡホ౯ヱᙜࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣࠊ㣗ရ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ⊂⮬ࡢุ᩿ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡼࡾཝ᱁ ࢝ࣝࢱࢼἲࡢᴫせ ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ ᮲ 㡯ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣே⏝ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡣ⎔ቃࠊ㈈ົࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫࠊཌ⏕ປാࠊ㎰ᯘỈ⏘ࠊ⤒῭⏘ᴗ ࡢ་⸆ရࢆ㐺⏝㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀྠ➨ ᮲ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ་⸆ရศ㔝࡛ࡢ ࡢ┬ࡀඹ⟶ࡋࠊົ⮧ࡣྛࠎࡢ⏝㏵ᛂࡌ࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠἲ 㻸㻹㻻㻌⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆせㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶ࣮࢜ࣂ ࡣ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢࠕⓗ☜ࡘ࡞ᐇࠖࡢ☜ಖࢆ┠ⓗࡋ➨᮲ࠊ ࣮ࢥࣥࣉࣛࣥࢫࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ ᮲ࡣ་⸆ရࡘ࠸࡚ࠕ㍺ධ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐃ⩏‽ᣐࡋ࡚ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࠖࢆᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ࡢỴᐃඛ❧ࡘࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡢᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᶒࢆࡍࡇ࡞ࡃࠖ ົ⮧ࡣ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ⏝➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏝⪅➼ࡀ㓄៖ࡍࡁ つᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩▩┪ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ 㡯ࢆෆᐜࡍࡿࠕᇶᮏⓗ㡯ࠖࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡉࢀ➨᮲ࠊᢎㄆᑂ ᰝᡭ⥆ࠊ◊✲ᐇᶵ㛵ࡢᏳ☜ಖయไ➼ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ➨✀⏝➼ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏝࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᇳࡿࡁᣑᩓ㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ࡀ ┬௧ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣᙜヱᥐ⨨ࢆᇳࡾࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜࡣணࡵົ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ⏝ᙧែࢆࡘศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊἲᚊ ⮧ࡢ☜ㄆࢆཷࡅࡓᣑᩓ㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ࢆᇳࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨᮲ࠋ ࡛ࡣձᣑᩓࢆ㜵Ṇࡋ࡞࠸࡛⾜࠺⏝➼➨୍✀⏝➼ࠊղᣑᩓࢆ㜵Ṇࡋ࡚ ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣඖ᮶ࠊ㻭㻵㻭ᡭ⥆ᇶ࡙ࡃ㉺ቃ⛣ືつไࢆồࡵࡿᅜ㝿༠ ⾜࠺⏝➼➨✀⏝➼ࡢࡘ༊ศࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃᨺฟ⏝ࠊ ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㻭㻵㻭㻌ᡭ⥆ࡢ㐺⏝㝖እせ௳ࡋ࡚ࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ࡢ㝿ࠊᣑᩓ㜵 㣗ရ࣭㣫ᩱ⏝ࡣࡶ➨୍✀⏝➼ࡉࢀࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ࡀ➨✀⏝ Ṇᥐ⨨➼ࢆᐃࡵࡿ㍺ධᅜࡢᅜෆᇶ‽ࢆせࡍࡿࡇࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊᏛ ➼ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㦂࣭ಖ⟶࣭㐠ᦙ➼ࠊᅜෆ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠἲࡢつ ᖺࡢࡘࡢᣦ㔪ࡣᩥ㒊┬ࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᗇࡢୗ࡛సᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ⏘ ไᑐ㇟ࡉࢀࠊヲ⣽ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜෆ࡛㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ ᴗศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭ᢏ⾡ᣦ㔪ࠖ㏻⏘┬ࠊᖺࠊ ࠕ⤌࠼㻰㻺㻭ᢏ⾡ᛂ⏝ ࢆㆡΏࡍࡿሙྜࡶࠊ⏝ᙧែᛂࡌ࡚ᡤᐃࡢሗࢆㆡΏ⪅ᥦ౪ࡋ࡞ࡅ ་⸆ရᫎീᣦ㔪ࠖཌ⏕┬ࠊᖺࠊ㎰ᯘỈ⏘ศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㎰ᯘỈ⏘ศ㔝➼࠾ ࡅࡿ⤌࠼యࡢ⏝ࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪ࠖ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬ࠊᖺࡀసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊ࠾ࡅࡿ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ➨᮲ࠊ➨୍✀⏝➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡁሗࢆົ ⮧ࡀࠕ㐺ṇ⏝ሗࠖࡋ࡚බ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࡉࢀࡓ➨᮲ࠋ ົ⮧ࢆᐃࡵࡿᨻ௧ᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥ᨻ௧➨ྕ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐃ⩏ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㠀⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿ࢘ࣝࢫࡶつไᑐ㇟ྵࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢝ ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ ᮲Kࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲ➨ ᮲ 㡯ࠋ ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ⏝➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡢ ⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖཌ⏕ປാ┬་⸆㣗ရᒁ㛗㏻▱ࠊ⸆㣗Ⓨ➨ྕࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ⏝➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊ➨ ᪥ࠊ ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ྵ᭷་⸆ရ➼ࡢ➨୍✀⏝つ⛬ࡢᢎㄆ⏦ㄳᚲせ࡞⏕ ᮲ࡢつᐃᇶ࡙ࡃᇶᮏⓗ㡯ᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥㈈ົ┬࣭ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࣭ཌ⏕ປാ┬࣭ ≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ␃ព㡯ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖཌ⏕ປാ┬་⸆㣗ရᒁ㛗 ㎰ᯘỈ⏘┬࣭⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬࣭⎔ቃ┬࿌♧➨ྕ ㏻▱ࠊ⸆㣗Ⓨྕࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥ 㻞㻥㻢 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻥㻣 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ⎔ቃࡢពᅗⓗᑟධࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࢆ⥾⣙ᅜ㍺ฟ ✀⏝ಀࡿ☜ㄆᑂᰝࡶ㌶㐨ࡾࠊἲᚊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ⮬యࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ㍺ධᅜᑐࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢつᐃᚑࡗ୍࡚ᐃࡢ㡯ࢆ㏻ ࡞࠸ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡗࡶࠊἲ⾜ᚋࠊ➨୍✀⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࿌ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➨᮲ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㍺ฟ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐃࡵࡿ ᮍᢎㄆࡢ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼㎰స≀ࢺ࢘ࣔࣟࢥࢩࡢΰධཬࡧほ㈹㨶ࡢ㈍ࡀ ⏝ᙧែ⎔ቃࡢពᅗⓗ࡞ᨺฟࠊᑒࡌ㎸ࡵ⏝ࠊ㣗⏝࣭㣫ᩱ⏝࣭ຍᕤ┠ⓗ ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ㝸㞳ᅡሙ࡛ࡢ᱂ᇵࡘ࠸࡚ࡣสྲྀࡾࠊ㍺ධ✐≀ࡢΰධ ᛂࡌ࡚ᚲせࡉࢀࡿሗࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㏻㛵ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᥐ⨨ࡉࢀࠊほ㈹㨶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈍୰Ṇࠊᅇ࡞ ᑦࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲ࡛ࡣ㍺ධᡭ⥆ࡣᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㍺ධつไࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ ࡢᥐ⨨ࡀࡽࢀࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶἲᚊୖࡢᥐ⨨௧࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡛ ࡛ࡣ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊ㍺ධရ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡀΰධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྰࢆỈ㝿࡛☜ㄆ ᑐฎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ➨✀⏝㛵ࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞⏝ࡶ௳ሗ ࡍࡿࡇࡣᐇୖྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊྠἲࡣᅜෆ࡛⏝ ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᖹᡂᖺ ᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾࠋᏛ➼࡛ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ୰ࡢㆡΏࠊጤク ➼ࡉࢀࡿẁ㝵࡛つไࡀࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⏝➼ࡣ㐠ᦙࠊಖ⟶ࡶ ࡢ㝿ࡢሗᥦ౪ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ༙࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᨾࡼࡾ⤌࠼ ධࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ㍺ධࡢẁ㝵ࡽつไᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᅜෆ࡛ ᚤ⏕≀ࡀ⎔ቃ୰₃ฟࡋࡓࡶ ௳ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡢ ➨୍✀つ⛬ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡘࡲࡾࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ ᑐฎࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୖグᑠጤဨᑂ㆟࠾࠸࡚ࡶㄽ㆟ࢆࡧࠊ➨୍✀⏝ࢆ⟶ ࠸࡞࠸⏕≀ࡘ࠸࡚➨୍✀⏝ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡣࠊணࡵ➨୍✀つ⛬ࡢ⏦ㄳࢆ⾜ ㎄ࡍࡿ⎔ቃ┬ࡀ㛵ࡋࠊ➨୍✀⏝ࡢࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࢆ‽⏝ࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡋ ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ➨᮲ࠊ➨✀⏝ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡣࠊᡤᐃࡢᣑᩓ㜵Ṇᥐ⨨ ࡓᚋࠊ࡞ࢇࡽࡢᑐฎࢆࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࡢⓎゝࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᫂ᩥ᰿ᣐࢆ ࢆᇳࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㍺ฟᅜ࡛ศูὶ㏻ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡎࠊᮍᢎㄆ࡛ Ḟࡁࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᡤ㎄ᐁᗇෆ㒊࡛ࡶ᫂☜࡞⏦ࡋྜࢃࡏࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ ᡃࡀᅜࡢ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ⤌࠼⏕≀ࡀ㈌≀ΰ ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ㍺ධ⪅ࡣணࡵົ⮧ᒆฟࢆ⾜࠸ ࡇࡢࠊᏛ⾡◊✲┠ⓗࡢ➨୍✀⏝⏦ㄳࡀ⏘ᴗ⏝┠ⓗࡢࡶࡢẚ࡚ ➨᮲ࠊົ⮧ࡣ㍺ධࡍࡿ⏕≀ࡢ᳨ᰝࢆࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ᑡ࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ࢆồࡵࡿᑂᰝせ௳ࡀᇶ♏◊ ࡇࡢࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲ࡛ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢࡢᐇ➨᮲ࠊᅜẸࡢពぢࡢ ✲ࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢᠱᛕࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊ⏘ᴗ⏝Ꮫ⾡◊ ⫈ྲྀ➨᮲ࠊົ⮧ࡼࡿሗ࿌ᚩ➨᮲ࠊ❧ධ᳨ᰝ➨᮲ࠊ ✲┠ⓗࢆ༊ูࡋࠊ◊✲ಁ㐍ࢆᅗࡿᚲせᛶࡸࠊ⥭ᛴࢆᐃࡋࡓ་⸆ရ➼ ᥐ⨨௧➨᮲ࠊ᮲ࠊᨾࡢᑐᛂ➨᮲ࠊ᮲ࠊ㐪ᑐࡍࡿ⨩ ࡢ㐺⏝㝖እࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠊࡉࡽࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ⏕ែᏛࠊᚤ⏕≀⏕ែᏛ➼ࡢ▱ぢࢆ ๎ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➨᮲ࠋ ᑦࠊྠἲ㝃๎➨᮲ࡣἲࡢ⾜ᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥ᚋᖺࢆ⤒㐣ࡋࡓ Ⅼ࡛ἲᚊࡢ⾜≧ἣࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ㐺ᙜ࡞ᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᮲ ᖺ᭶᪥⌧ᅾࠊ᭷ຠᮇ㝈ษࢀࡢࡶࡢࡶྵࡵ࡚௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱᪂ሗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᖹᡂᖺᖺࠊ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㔝⏕⏕≀㒊㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼ ࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸࢡࣜࣜࣥࢢࣁ࢘ࢫ㻮㻯㻴https://ch.biodic.go.jp/bch/OpenList.do; ⏕≀ᑠጤဨ࠾ࡅࡿᑂ㆟ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⾜≧ἣࡢ᳨ウ⤖ᯝࡀࡾࡲࡵࡽࢀࠊ බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡼࢀࡤࠊ➨୍✀⏝つ⛬ࡢᢎㄆࡣ㡰ㄪ᥎⛣ࡋࠊ➨ ሗ࿌ࡀྲྀࡾࡲࡵࡽࢀࡓᖹᡂᖺ᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾ௳グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᖹᡂ jsessionid=E5FAB5EE8A3F3B9C270D9139CECAF409 ๓ฟ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㔝⏕⏕≀㒊㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ᑠጤဨࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ ➼ࡢ⏝➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡢ⾜ ≧ἣࡢ᳨ウࡘ࠸࡚ࠖὀࠊ㡫ࠋ ⸨ࠊ๓ฟὀࠊ㡫ࠋ ྠୖࠊ㡫ࠋ ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㔝⏕⏕≀㒊㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ᑠጤဨࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀➼ࡢ ⎔ቃ┬እ᮶⏕≀ᑐ⟇ᐊ㛗Ⓨゝࠊࠕ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㔝⏕⏕≀㒊➨ᅇ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ ⏝➼ࡢつไࡼࡿ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡢ⾜≧ἣ ࠼⏕≀ᑠጤဨ㆟㘓ࠖᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥ⅆࠋ ࡢ᳨ウࡘ࠸࡚ࠖᖹᡂᖺ ᭶ࠋhttp://www.env.go.jp/press/file_view.php?serial= 14167&hou_id=11502 ࠼⏕≀ᑠጤဨ㆟㘓ࠖᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥Ỉࠋ 㻞㻥㻤 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ⎔ቃ┬እ᮶⏕≀ᑐ⟇ᐊ㛗Ⓨゝࠊࠕ୰ኸ⎔ቃᑂ㆟㔝⏕⏕≀㒊➨ᅇ㑇ఏᏊ⤌ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞㻥㻥 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ᫎࡉࡏࡓᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᚲせᛶ➼ࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚ࠊᇶ♏◊✲ࡸ 㜵Ṇࡢᥐ⨨௧ࡢ⠊ᅖࠊ㠀ពᅗⓗᑟධࡢᑐᛂࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨᮲ࠊ⌧ ་⸆ရᑐࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡢせㄳࡀㅖእᅜẚ࡚㐣ᗘཝ᱁࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ⾜ἲ࡛⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢồࡵࡿᥐ⨨ࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿᚤጁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡢ༴ࡀከࡃฟࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ㻭㻵㻭㻌ᡭ⥆ᇶ࡙ࡃ㍺ධᢎㄆࡣ ➨ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ᅜෆἲᇶ࡙ࡃᦆᐖホ౯ ௳ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ືつไ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㊃ ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡣ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ࡢ㜵Ṇᚲせ࡞㝈ᗘ࠾ ᪨┠ⓗࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆᐇἲࡢ㐠⏝ᐇែࡢ㛫ࡣᚤጁ࡞ࢬࣞࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠾ ࠸࡚ᥐ⨨ࢆᇳࡿࡼ࠺ࡎࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡳつᐃࡋ➨᮲㡯ࠊᥐ⨨ ࡾࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ື㉳ᅉࡍࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࡢᑐฎࡣᮍࡔႚ⥭ࡢㄢ ௧࡛ṇࡍࡁṇ࡞≧ែࡀ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢࠕ㔜࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࠖᩚྜࡍࡿ 㢟ࡣㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡣ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ๓ࡢࣜࢫࢡホ౯࠶ࡓࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ せ㡿ࡣ୍ᐃࡢᇶ‽ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌧⾜ࡢᐇせ㡿ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㡯┠ ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜෆⓗᐇ࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟 ࡸࠊホ౯᪉ἲ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㐺ษᐃࡵࡿᚲ ୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡢᐇ㐣⛬࡛ࡣᑡᩘ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㐺ษ࡞⏝ せࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࡿホ౯ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐣ᗘไ⣙ࡏࡎࠊ ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞⾜ᨻᣦᑟ࡛ᑐฎࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ᪉ࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ ࡘ♫ⓗཷᐜྍ⬟࡞ࣜࢫࢡࡢ㜈್ࢆ࠸ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡍࡿࠊಙ㢗࡛ࡁ ㉺ቃ⛣ືつไࡢᑐ㇟ࡣഹᑡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙜ㠃ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㎿㏿࡞ᢈࢆ ࡿ㔝እࡢ┘どయไࢆࡢࡼ࠺☜❧ࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࡶㄢ㢟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ ồࡵࡿᅜෆⓗ࡞ࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡁࡃࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ ➨୕ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ⾜ᨻᴗ⪅ࡢ≉ᐃࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢣ࣮ࢫࣂ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᚋࠊᅜ㝿ⓗືྥࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ᢈཪࡣຍ ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢุ᩿ࡶྵࡵࠊࡑࡢ≉ᐃࢆᅜෆἲጤࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᗈ࠸ᐃ ධࡍࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆἲไ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲⓗㄢ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ ⩏ࡀ᥇ࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢᅜෆἲࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓᙇࡀᫎࡉࢀࡓࡇຍ࠼ࠊ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࢆ⥭ᛴᑐฎࡍࡁᨾࡳࡿࠊ⣼✚ⓗ࡞ᝏᙳ㡪ࡳࡿ ➨୍ࠊ⾜ᨻࡀᑐᛂᥐ⨨ࢆࡌࡿ᫂ᩥ᰿ᣐࢆ⢭ᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ ࡼࡗ࡚ぢゎࡀศࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡢ⌮ゎ࡛ ࡣᅜ㝿ἲࡘ࠸୍࡚⯡ⓗཷᐜࡢ❧ሙࢆࡿࡓࡵࠊ᠇ἲ➨᮲㡯ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ┤᥋⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ᖐᒓࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡢࠕ ᅜ㝿ἲࡣ≉ẁࡢ❧ἲᥐ⨨ࢆࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲᅜෆⓗ࡞ຠຊࢆ⋓ᚓࡍ ⏝➼ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࠖࡁ࡞▩┪ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ❧ሙ❧࡚ࡤࠊ㈐௵ࡢ ࡿࡀࠊ⾜ᨻࡀつไᶒ㝈ࢆ⾜ࡋࠊ⚾ேࡢᶒ⩏ົ┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍሙྜ ᖐᒓࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌⏝⪅ࡢ⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌࠸࠺ࣔࣀ⮬యక࠺ࣜࢫࢡ ࡣᐇົୖࠊ᰿ᣐἲࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼἲࡣ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢ⏝┠ⓗᛂ 㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡽࢀࠊ⌧⾜ἲࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡣᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡿ ࡌ࡚ᥐ⨨௧➨ࠊ᮲ࠊ➨᮲㡯ཬࡧᨾࡢᥐ⨨ࢆᐃࡵ➨ࠊ ᦆᐖ㈐௵ࡢᴫᛕࡣ〇㐀≀㈐௵᥋㏆ࡋࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌⏝క࠺ᦆᐖࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ ᮲ࠊࡿᥐ⨨ࡣᦆᐖⓎ⏕๓ࡢᑐᛂࡶྵࡲࢀࡿ➨᮲㡯ࠊ➨᮲ 㐺ྰࡘ࠸࡚ࡣៅ㔜࡞᳨ウࢆせࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠼ࡤࠊἢ㐨ࡇࡰࢀ࠾ࡕ 㡯ࠋࡲࡓࠊᴗ⪅➼ࡀ௧ᚑࢃ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ⾜ᨻ௦ᇳ⾜ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚㈝ ࡓࢭࣚ࢘ࢼࢱࢿࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㔜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⣼✚ⓗᙳ㡪ࡀᠱ ⏝ൾ㑏ࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ⾜ᨻ௦ᇳ⾜ἲ➨᮲ࠊ᮲ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ ᛕࡉࢀࠊཎᅉ⪅ࡢ≉ᐃࡀᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣࡢୗ࡛ఱࡽࡢᥐ⨨ࢆࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡚ࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣ⌧⾜ἲไࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇࡣྍ⬟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡍࢀࡤࠊᚋࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡼࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᦆᐖࢆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛶ㉁ࡳࡿࠊ ࡿࠋణࡋࠊ㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡀ⎔ቃ୰ἲᨺฟࡉࢀࡓሙྜࡢᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢᐇ᪉ἲ ởᰁ⪅㈇ᢸཎ๎ࢆࡇࡲ࡛ᣑࡍࡿ➼ࡢㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲ ࡸࠊࡿࡁᥐ⨨ࠊ㈝⏝㈇ᢸ➼ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡣ᫂ᩥ࡛ࡣᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ」ᩘࡢᡤ㎄ᐁᗇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡇࡀᑐฎࡍࡿࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿᚲせ ࡀ࠶ࡾ⏝ᢎㄆࡢチྍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ┬ᗇࠊ⎔ቃ┬ࡀ୍ᣓࡍࡿࡢ➼ࠊᮍ↛ ࢜ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸண㜵ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࠖὸ㔝┤ேᩍᤵ㑏ᬺグᛕࠗ⎔ቃࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ἲ࠘ ࠊ ྠୖࠊ㡫ࠋ 㻟㻜㻜 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 ࠕ୰Ṇࠖࠕᅇࠖࡢ༊ูࡢᣦࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊሯ┤ࠕ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ࡢࣂ ឿᏛ♫ฟ∧ࠊᖺࠊ㡫㡫ࠋ ᰘ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖὀࠊ㡫㡫ࠋ ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻟㻜㻝 ㄽ ㄝ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 せࡀ࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣᅜෆἲ‽ᣐࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓఏ⤫ⓗᦆᐖࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ➨ᅄࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿே㌟ཬࡧ㈈⏘ᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⿵ 㞧క࠺⤒῭ⓗᦆኻࡢᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊḢᕞጤဨࡣ㈐௵ἲࡣ␗࡞ࡿᑐᛂ ㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣᅜෆἲࡼࡿᑐᛂࢆ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇᛶࡢ ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㻱㼁㻌ࡣ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼స≀࣭㣗ရࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඹ㏻ࡢ๓ᢎㄆ ୗࠊ㈐௵ࡢᛶ㉁ࠊᅉᯝ㛵ಀࠊ❧ド㈐௵ཬࡧண㜵ⓗᕪࡋṆࡵࡢ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ ไᗘࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊୖᕷᚋࡢ⾲♧ࠊࢺ࣮ࣞࢧࣅࣜࢸࡶ⩏ົ࡙ࡅ࡚ࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡢ ྵࡵ࡚ࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ἲ⾜Ⅽἲࡢᯟෆ࡛ᑐฎࡍࡿࡇࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࠊ 㑅ᢥࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ⤌ࡳࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㻱㼁㻌ࡣᖺ᭶ࠊ ᚋࠊ᳨ウࢆせࡍࡿㄢ㢟࡞ࡿࠋ ⤌࠼స≀ᅾ᮶స≀ཬࡧ᭷ᶵ᱂ᇵస≀ࡢඹᏑ㛵ࡍࡿࠕඹᏑ࢞ࢻࣛ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᢈཪࡣຍධࡼࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⌧⾜ἲไࡀᖜ ࣥࠖࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃᨺฟᣦ௧ࡀᨵṇࡉࢀࠊ ࠕᵓᡂᅜࡣࠊ ࡞ಟṇࢆ㏕ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ⪃࠼ࡃ࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ ࡢ〇ရࡢ㠀ពᅗⓗ࡞㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕≀ࡢΰධࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㐺ษ ㈐௵ἲ㛵ࡍࡿ࣎ࢺ࣒ࣛࣥࢆᐃࡵࠊࡑࡢᐇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛᅜࡢᰂ㌾࡞ゎ ࡞᪉⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࠸࠺᮲㡯ࡀධࢀࡽࢀࡓ➨᮲Dࠋඹ 㔘ࢆㄆࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ㠉᪂♫ⓗබṇࡢ୧❧࠸࠺ほⅬ Ꮡ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡣつไ⠊ᅖࢆ⤒῭ⓗ㡯㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᵓᡂᅜࡣ⮬ᅜ ࡽࡣࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⩏ົ▩┪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ᅜෆἲࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ ࡢ㎰ᴗᵓ㐀ࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࣭⮬↛ⓗ᮲௳ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊຠ⋡ⓗ࡛㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝඃࢀࡓ ศ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᯟ⤌ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮㛵ࡍࡿ㈐௵ ඹᏑつไࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⊂⮬⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⊂⮬ ไᗘࢆ࠸Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡿࠋ つไࡣ㈐௵つ๎ࡶྵࡵᚓࡿࡀࠊ࢞ࢻ࡛ࣛࣥࡣࠊඹᏑࡢࡓࡵࡢ㏣ຍⓗ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࢫ࣑ࢫࡽࡣ㈐௵ ࢥࢫࢺࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞㎰ἲࢆᑟධࡍࡿ⤌࠼స≀᱂ᇵ⪅ࡀ ศᯒࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ㻸㼕㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㻭㼚㼍㼘㼥㼟㼕㼟㻌㻲㼞㼍㼙㼑㼣㼛㼞㼗㻦㻌㻸㻭㻲࠸࠺どᗙࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࢥࢫࢺࢆ㈇ᢸࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᐃࡵࠊཎᅉ⪅ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊಖ㝤ཪࡣ⿵ ࡿࠋ㻸㻭㻲ࡣࣜࢫࢡศᯒࡢᯟ⤌ࡳᑐẚࡉࢀࠊ㈐௵ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡࣭〇 ൾᇶ㔠ࡢタ⨨ࢆ᥎ዡࡋࠊࡿᇶ㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣẸ㛫ᇶ㔠ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡍ ရࡢᕷሙࡢᑟධࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿእ㒊⤒῭ࡢṇᡭẁᤊ࠼ࠊࡿᶵ ࡿࠋ ⬟ࡢ㊊ࡣࠊẸ㈐௵ἲࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ♫ෆࡢከඖⓗ㡿ᇦ࡛⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠊᣑ ࡶࡗࡶࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ࠕᦆᐖࠖࡢㄆᐃࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㏆㞄㎰Ẹࡀ⤌࠼ ᩓⓗࠊὶືⓗ࡞ࠕ㈐௵ࠖᴫᛕ࡛࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚ స≀᱂ᇵᆅࡢ㏆᥋ᛶᇶ࡙ࡁࠊస≀ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠕண㜵ⓗุ᩿ࠖ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡶᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢไᗘࡢᐇຠᛶࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ウࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⤒῭ⓗᦆኻࡢᑐᛂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛᅜࡢ⊂⮬ࡢ ἲᩥ᰿ᕪࡍẸ㈐௵ἲࡢㄪࢆᅇ㑊ࡋࠊ⾜ືつ⠊Ẹ㛫ࡢ௵ពⓗྲྀ⤌ ࢆ᥎ዡࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣁࣈࣜࢵࢻ࡞᪉ἲࢆࡿ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ Commission Recommendation of 23 July 2003 on guidelines for the development of national strategies and best practices to ensure the co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic farming, C(2003) Ibid., p.6. ㄆᐃᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ΰධᇶ‽ࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊⱥᅜ࡛ࡣࠊẸ㛫ㄆド➼ࡢ௵ ពⓗᇶ‽ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋMaria Lee, EU Regulation of GMOs, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008, p.132. ᅗ㸸㈐௵ศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳ㻸㻭㻲ᴫᛕᅗ [Stuart J. Smyth, A. Brayan Endres, Thomas P. Redick and Drew L. Kershe (2010), p.12] 㻟㻜㻞 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 DEFRA(2006), Maria Lee,op cit., p.133. ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻟㻜㻟 ㄽ ㄝ ᭩ࡢ΅୪⾜ࡋ࡚せᴗ⪅ࡽࡀタ❧ࡋࡓ⿵ൾᇶ㔠㼀㼔㼑㻌 㻯㼛㼙㼜㼍㼏㼠ࡶ ࡇࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ✚ᴟⓗホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ㉺ቃ⎔ቃᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㐲 ࡏࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࠊ㼃㼀㻻㻌༠ᐃࡢ┦⿵ᛶࡀᅗࡽࢀࡓࠋࡶࡗࡶࠊ ࠕ ࡞⛉Ꮫࠖᇶ࡙ࡃつไࡣ♫⤒῭ⓗᙳ㡪ࡢ⪃៖ࢆ࿘㎶ࡋࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇ ణࡋࠊᴗ⪅ࡼࡿ⮬ⓗྲྀ⤌ࡀຠ⋡ᛶࡢほⅬࡽࡣ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚ ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓண㜵ⓗᥐ⨨ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ⊃ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊࡼࡾᗈ࠸㔞ࢆồࡵࡿᅜᐙ ࡶࠊබṇࡉࡢほⅬࡽࡣࠊู㏵ࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ྜពᙧᡂࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋ㻸㻭㻲ࡣ ࡗ࡚ࡣ‶ࡀṧࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣࡣࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞⏝ㄒࡢྜពࡼࡗ࡚౯ ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡸἲཎ๎ᇶ♏ࢆ⨨ࡁࠊ♫ⓗྜពᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᰂ㌾࡞ไᗘኚ ್ᑐ❧ࡢ⁁ࢆᇙࡵࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࠕつ⠊ࡣඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠖホ౯ࡉ ᭦ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺どᗙࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪂つᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝క࠺ࣜࢫ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㻯㻻㻼㻙㻹㻻㻼㻡㻌࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ΅ጇ⤖㇟ᚩࡉࢀࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞༠ຊ ࢡホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ྜពᙧᡂࡀၥ㢟ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊண㜵ⓗつไࡢ ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ㈐௵ไᗘࢆࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ᑟධࡍࡁࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ ࡢᶵ㐠ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇࡣࠊࠕ㐺ษ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡼࡾࠊࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ ࠸࡚ࡶࠊᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࢆ࠼࡚ᗈࡃ㆟ㄽࡋࠊ᳨ウࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢタࡀ᳨ウ ࡢⓎᒎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ㊃᪨┠ⓗࡀࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥ ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢭࣥࢧࢫࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᵝ࡞ࠕ㈐௵ࠖࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ཬࡧᚋࠊ ᭩ࡣ㻱㼁ࠊ᪥ᮏ➼ࡢඛ㐍ᅜࡗ࡚ࡣ⮬ᅜࡢἲไᗘࢆᖜಟṇࡍࡿᚲせ ΅ࡢಋୖ㍕ࡏࡽࢀࡿẸ㈐௵㛵ࡍࡿᣦ㔪ࡢୗ࡛ࠊࡢ⛬ᗘࠊチᐜࡉࢀ ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊཷࡅධࢀ᫆࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ୍᪉ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡣᴗ⪅ࡢᐃ⩏ࠊᦆᐖⓎ⏕ ࡿࡣ☜ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᚑ๓ࡢ΅⤒⦋ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࢀࡤࠊᢏ⾡ࢡࢭ ๓ࡢᑐᛂࠊ㔠㖹ⓗಖド➼࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ᅜࡢᥐ⨨ࢆἲⓗṇᙜࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ࢫཬࡧつไ⬟ຊ㛵ࡍࡿ᱁ᕪࢆᅜ㝿༠ຊ࡛ᇙࡵࡘࡘࠊᅜ㝿ྜពࡢ㝈⏺┠ ࠕᑐᢠຊࠖࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊே㌟࣭㈈⏘ᦆᐖ➼㛵ࡍࡿẸ㈐௵ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࡉࢀࡿ㡿ᇦࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ἲࡼࡿᅜෆἲᙧᡂࡢಁ㐍స⏝ࢆㄆࡵࠊ㐺ṇ ᚋࡢ΅ࢆᢸಖࡋࡓⅬ୍࡛ᐃࡢᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡣ࠸ࢃࡤ࿋㉺ྠ⯚࡛࠶ ࡞つไỈ‽ࡢỴᐃᶒ㝈ࢆྛᅜࡢẸⓗ㐣⛬ጤࡡࡿࡇࡣ࠶࡞ࡀࡕⓗእ ࠕつ ࡿࡶ࠸࠼ࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ㻸㻹㻻ࡢ㉺ቃ⛣ືక࠺༴㝤㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࢀ࡞᪉㔪࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⠊ࡀඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓࠖࡣ࠸࠸ࡀࡓ࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩΅ࡣᴗ ⪅ࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗྲྀ⤌ࢆಁࡍ୍᪉ࠊ㎰⏘ရࡢせ㍺ฟᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ㅖᅜࡢཧຍࢆ ࠾ࢃࡾ㻌 ḞࡁࠊࡇࡢⅬࡶ᪂ࡓ࡞㈐௵ไᗘࡢព⩏ࢆ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘࠊῶẅࡋᚓࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㻸㻹㻻㻌ࡢࣜࢫࢡᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡢ㱈㱒ࡀࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢࢡࢭ ୡ⣖ࡣࣂ࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ௦࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝ࡣ㈋ ࢫཬࡧࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢ㐠⏝࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙ㛫ࡢ᱁ᕪ㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ㻮㻯㻴 ᅔࠊ㣚㣹➼ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿ႖ఏࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㑇ఏᏊ⤌࠼⏕ ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓሗඹ᭷ࠊ⬟ຊᵓ⠏➼ࠊ᱁ᕪゎᾘࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜ㝿༠ຊࡀࡲࡎࡣᚲせ ≀ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᙉ࠸ᠱᛕࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࢫࢡ౽┈ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࢆᕠࡿ⃭ࡋ࠸ᑐ❧ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣᅜᐙࡀ⮬ᚊⓗᅜቃ⟶⌮ࢆ ᪉ࠊ୍ᐃࡢ␃ಖࢆṧࡋࡘࡘࠊ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ㉺ቃⓗᛶ㉁ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⏕≀ከ ⾜࠺ᶒࢆㄆࡵࡿ୍᪉ࠊࡑࡢุ᩿ࢆࠕ⛉Ꮫⓗ㐺ṇ࡞ࠖࣜࢫࢡホ౯ᇶ࡙ ᵝᛶᦆᐖࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᴗ⪅ࡢ༴㝤㈐௵ࢆㄆࡵࠊ⾜ᨻᮍ↛㜵Ṇࢆྵࡴᑐᛂ ㈺ൾ㔠㢠ࡢୖ㝈ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⿕ᐖ⪅ࡢ࡞ᩆ῭ࡀᢸಖࡉࢀ࡞࠸࠾ࡑࢀ ᥐ⨨ࡢ☜ಖࢆせㄳࡋࡓࡇࡣࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࠸࠺ᅜ㝿ἲ┈ࢆᅜෆἲయ⣔ ᫎࡉࡏࠊࡿἲ┈ಖㆤࡢ➨୍⩏ⓗ㈐௵ࢆྛᅜࡢ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ᢸࢃࡏࡿࡇ ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ⿵ൾᇶ㔠ࡢฟ㈨ࢆ㛵㐃ᴗ⪅ồࡵࡿࡇࡣࠊᣐฟࡀᅔ㞴 ࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᥐ⨨ࡢᐇຠᛶࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡣࠊᚋࠊᅜෆ ࡞୰ᑠᴗ⪅ࡀῈửࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣍ᮶ࡍࡿࡇࡽࠊ⤒῭ᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ࡶៅ㔜࡞᳨ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᙳ㡪ホ౯ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗᡭἲࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊ⮬↛ಖㆤ⾜ᨻ⯡ ウࢆせࡍࡿࠋ᭱㐺つไࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊRegulatory Strategies from Innovative Technologies and Liability for Plant Polecular Farming, in Stuart J. Smyth, et als eds., op cit., ,pp.153-156. p.246. 㻟㻜㻠 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌 Aarti Gupta, Searching for Shared Norms: Global Governance of Biosafety, UMI, 2002, ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻟㻜㻡 ㄽ ㄝ ᫎࡉࡏࡿ⤌ࡳ࡙ࡃࡾࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ㧗ᗘࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ☜ᐇ ᛶࡢୗࠊࣜࢫࢡㄆ㆑ࡢከ⩏ᛶࢆᡤࡳࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢ⌮ⓗࠊ♫ ⓗഃ㠃ࡶ┠ࢆྥࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢸࢡࢽ࢝ࣝࢭࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡸࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧ ࢫ㆟ࡣ⬟⸆࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ㠉᪂♫ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࣇ࢙ࢫ ࢆつᚊࡍࡿࠕඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓつ⠊ࠖࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊከඖⓗ࡞ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ ࣝࢲ࣮ࡼࡿࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡸࠊ㔜ᒙⓗࡘศᩓⓗ࡞ࠕ㈐௵ࠖไᗘࢆᵓࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࡢ♫ⓗ࡞ᑐヰࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊᚋࠊ┿ᦸ࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡞ ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ ࠕࣂ࢜ࢭࣇࢸ㛵ࡍࡿ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜྜࡢᡂᯝㄢ 㢟ࠕ㈐௵ᩆ῭㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ࣭ࢡࣛࣝࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ⿵㊊㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖࡢ᥇ᢥࢆ୰ᚰ ࡋ࡚ࠖࠗࢪࣗࣜࢫࢺ࠘㻺㼛㻚ྕࠊᖺ᭶ྕࠊ᭷ᩫ㛶ࢆຍ➹ಟṇࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣᖹᡂᖺᗘᇶ┙◊✲㻭ࠕ⎔ቃ᮲⣙ࡢ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᅜෆᐇ㛵ࡍࡿᏛ㝿ⓗ ◊✲̿ᅜ㝿࣭ᅜෆ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢつᚊࡢ㐃㛵ࠖࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⸨ࠊ๓ᥖὀࠊ㡫ࠋ Alfons Bora and Heiko Hausendorf eds., Democratic Transgressions of Law: Governing Technology through Public Participation, 2010. ⛉Ꮫࡼࡗ࡚ၥ࠺ࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ⛉Ꮫࡼࡗ࡚⟅࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ၥ㢟⩌ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㮖⏣ࡀᣦࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ࡣࠊἲᚊᐙࡢ㈐௵ࢆ⪃ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ♧၀ⓗ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ㮖⏣Ύ୍ࠕࢺࣛࣥࢫࢧ࢚ࣥࢫ௦ࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡢ㈐௵ࠖࠗ⛉Ꮫ࠘➨ᕳྕࠊ ᖺࠊ㡫ࠋ 㻟㻜㻢 ᪂ୡ௦ἲᨻ⟇Ꮫ◊✲ 㼂㼛㼘㻚㻝㻠㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕㻌
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