㛵ಀ⪅㝈 2014 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 15 ᪥ 㐠⏝ពᛮỴᐃ࠾ࡅࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ⟶⌮ せ᪨ 2014 ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊ㔠⼥ᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡᑐࡍࡿ㆙ᡄࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡑࢀࡣṇᙜ࡞⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤒῭ぢ㏻ࡋࡸ㐠⏝࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࢆ▷ᮇ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᦂࡿࡀࡍ せᅉࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢⓎ⏕ࡿࡶࡢࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶྠ↛࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ෭ᡓᚋࡢᖾ⚟࡞ୡ⏺ࡣࠊ9࣭11 ୡ⏺ྠከⓎࢸࣟࡢṧ㧁ࠊࣛࢡࡢ◁₍ࠊࢩࣜࡢ㇂ࠊࣇ ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥࡢᒣᓅᆅᖏࠊ࢘ࢡࣛࢼࡢᖹཎࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᮾࢪࡢᾏࡢ୰ᾘ⁛ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ ୡ⏺࡛ᑟⓗᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇᑐࡋ࡚ᾘᴟⓗ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡶぢ࠼ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࡢ ୗࠊᨭ㓄ຊࡢᙉࡸ㡿ᅵࡢᣑࡲ࡛ࢆࡶ㏣ồࡍࡿໃຊࡀ」ᩘฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗ ⛛ᗎࡣࠊࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞つᶍ࡞⦅ᡂࡢ┿ࡗࡓࡔ୰࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡀࡢࡼ࠺╔ᆅࡍࡿࡢ ࠊ2014 ᖺࡢⅬ࡛᫂☜ࡣࢃࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ྂࡃࡽ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࠊẸ᪘ࠊ㒊᪘ࠊ᐀ᩍ㛫ࡢᝏࡀࠊࢱ࣒࢝ࣉࢭࣝ ࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ᮾ࠾ࡼࡧᮾࢪ࡛ࡣࠊ᫇ࡢቃ⏺⥺ࢆࡧᙇࡍࡿேࠎࡀ⌧ࢀࡲ ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊḢ⡿ࡢ⮬⏤Ẹ⩏ࡢඃᛶࡀ⬣ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸᏳࡸࠊ ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࣅࢵࢢࢹ࣮ࢱᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍࡼࡾࠊࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ᐖࡢᠱᛕࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆぢᐃࡵࠊࡲࡓࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㑅ᣲࡢ⤖ᯝࡀࢧࣉࣛࢬ࡞ࡿࡇࡣከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㑅ᣲᚋࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࡀࢧࣉࣛࢬ࡞ࡿ ࡇࡶྠᵝ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࡸⅆ⅏ࠊࣁࣜࢣ࣮ࣥࠊࢧࢡࣟࣥࠊ❳ᕳࠊᆅ㟈ࡣண ࿌࡞ࡋࣛࣥࢲ࣒Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊ72 ൨ேࡀᒃఫࡍࡿୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㝈ࡾ࡞ࡃᚤᑠ࡞ໃ ຊࡀၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࢆ≺ࡗ࡚ปᝏ࡞ࢸࣟ⾜Ⅽッ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡲࡍࠋ21 ୡ⣖ࡢᡓሙࡣࡍ࡛ࢧ ࣂ࣮✵㛫ࡲ࡛ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜ㛫ࡢ㥑ࡅᘬࡁࡣ᪥ᖖࡋࠊ෭ᡓ௦ࡀ㉳ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࠕṇᘧ࡞␎ࠖຍ࠼ࠊᝏᚨ࡞ࣁࢵ࣮࢝ࡀ㞴ゎ࡞ᬯྕࡢゎㄞᣮࡳࠊࡲࡓ≢ ⨥⤌⧊ࡀṇ┈ࢆồࡵ࡚άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࠊ࣮࣒࣍ࢹ࣏ࠊ୍㒊ࡢ㖟⾜ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ ከࡃࡢᴗࡀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ṇධࡢ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆᖜᗈࡃᐃ⩏ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆᡓ␎ⓗศ㢮ࡋࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ ࣜࢫࢡࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࡢ㐠⏝ពᛮỴᐃࡘ࠸࡚ᥦゝࡋࡲࡍࠋ 1 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ ⡿ᅜࡢ೧࡞࣮ࣘࣔసᐙࠊ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࢺ࢙࢘ࣥࡶࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㛫㐪ࡗࡓゝⴥࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ11 ᖺࡢ୰࡛᭱ᝏࡢࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡣࠊᐇ㝿Ꮡᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣ 7 ᭶ࡽ 9 ᭶ࡅ࡚࡛ࡍࠋ2 2014 ᖺ➨ 3 ᅄ༙ᮇࡶࡇࡢᏘ⠇ᛶࡢእࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ࢝ࣜࣇᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࢫ࣒ࣛᅜࠖࡀ▷ᮇ㛫 ࡢ࠺ࡕࣛࢡ㡿ᅵࡢᗈ⠊ᅖࢆไᅽࡋࠊ␗ᩍᚐࡢ᰿⤯ࢆッ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼᬻᐃ⮬༊ࡢ ࢞ࢨᆅ༊࡛ࡣࣁ࣐ࢫࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢ㛫ࡢᡓࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧ◚ࡽࢀࠊᝒⓗ࡞⣮தࡀ㛗ᘬ࠸࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ࢘ࢡࣛࢼᅜෆࡢࣟࢩேศ㞳⩏ໃຊᑐࡍࡿࠕே㐨ⓗᨭࠖ࠸࠺ྡ┠࡛ࣟࢩ㌷ࡀ 㞟⤖ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ࢘ࢡࣛࢼᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼࡚ᨷࡋࡓࡇࡽࠊࣟࢩḢ⡿ㅖᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡣᝏࢆ ⥆ࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋไྜᡓࡣ㐣⇕ࡋࠊࣟࢩࡣḢ⡿ࡢ⯟✵♫ᑐࡋ࡚㡿✵ࡢ㣕⾜⚗Ṇࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣛࣥࡢ᰾㛤Ⓨࠊᮅ㩭ࡢ⾜ືᛮᝨࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᮾࢪᾏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࡣࠊᅜ 㝿♫࠾࠸࡚ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᝎࡳࡢ✀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ࡛ࡣⱥᅜࡽࡢ⊂❧ࡀ᳨ウ ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇ࡛ࣜ࢝ࡣ࢚࣎ࣛ࢘ࣝࢫࡢឤᰁᅜࡀᣑࡋࠊࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ㸦ୡ⏺ⓗ ὶ⾜㸧ࡢᜍࢀࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᩛࡶ᪉ࡶࡑࢁࡗ࡚⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࢆᕠᅇࡋࠊ ᪂ࡓ࡞⬤ᙅᛶࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣࡢከࡃࡣࠊゎỴ㛫ࢆせࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢᆅᨻᏛୖࡢ ၥ㢟ࡀᚋᩘ࢝᭶࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩘᖺࡶࢃࡓࡾᕷሙ⇺ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢṔྐࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡑࡢᛶ㉁ୖࠊከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ✺↛ࡘணᮇࡏࡎ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࡶ ࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇእᐁࡢ୰ࡶࠊ➨୍ḟୡ⏺ᡓࢆ┠๓᥍࠼ࡓ 1914 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࡢⅬ࡛ࠊࢃࡎ ᩘᖺࡢ࠺ࡕࣟࢩࠊࢻࢶࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺ࣭ࣜࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢜ࢫ࣐࣭ࣥࢺࣝࢥ࠾࠸࡚ ྩไࡀ⤊↉ࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡇࢆணࡋࡓேࡣࢇ࠸࡞ࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᪤Ꮡࡢࠕୡ⏺⛛ᗎࠖ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼ₍↛ࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢୡ⏺⛛ᗎࡣ୍⯡⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼࡾࡶ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᆅᨻᏛୖࡢ௳ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡢࡣつ ᶍ࡞㌷㝲࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋಶேࡸᑡேᩘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡶࠊᬯẅࡸࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚Ṕ ྐࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ3 ㈨ᮏᕷሙࡣࠊ㏆᥋ࡋ࡚┦㛵㐃ࡋࡓୡ⏺Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡲࡗࡓࡃ↓㛵ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡶぢ࠼ࡿࡇࡀከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀࡕ࡞ᆅᨻᏛୖࡢၥ㢟 ࡀ㈨ᮏᕷሙࢆᗄᗘ࡞ࡃΰ㝗ࢀࡿ࠸࠺≧ἣࡣࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡀࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࡢྠከⓎࢸࣟࡣㄡࡶࡀ㦫ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ1996 ᖺ 1998 ᖺࡣࢱࣜࣂࣥࡢᨭ㓄ᆅᇦ ࡛άືࡍࡿࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴࡀḢ⡿ㅖᅜࢆᨷᧁࡍࡿពᛮࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡣఱࡽࡢᨷᧁ ࢆண ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࠗࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣜࣥࣇ࢙࣮ࢬ࠘1999 ᖺ 11/12 ᭶ྕࡢ⾲⣬ࡣࠊ 1 ࠕ10 ᭶ࠋᰴᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࡣ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡞᭶ࡢ୍ࡘࡔࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢ༴㝤࡞᭶ࡋ࡚ࠊ7 ᭶ࠊ1 ᭶ࠊ9 ᭶ࠊ4 ᭶ࠊ11 ᭶ࠊ5 ᭶ࠊ3 ᭶ࠊ6 ᭶ࠊ12 ᭶ࠊ 8 ᭶ࠊ2 ᭶ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣐࣮ࠖࢡ࣭ࢺ࢙࢘ࣥ 2 20 ୡ⣖ࡢ࡛ࡣࠊ➨୍ḟୡ⏺ᡓຨⓎ㸦1914 ᖺ 8 ᭶ୖ᪪㸧ࠊḢᕞ࡛➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓຨⓎ㸦1939 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧ࠊᮅ㩭ᡓதຨⓎ㸦1950 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 25 ᪥㸦ࡰ 7 ᭶㸧㸧ࠊࣛࢡࡼࡿࢡ࢙࣮࢘ࢺᨷ㸦1990 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧ࠊ࣎ࣜࢫ࣭࢚ࣜࢶࣥࡀᪧࢯ㐃ࡢࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࢆไṆ㸦1991 ᖺ 8 ᭶㸧ࠊ ࢪ㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢᖥ㛤ࡅ㸦‽ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㇟㸧㸦1997 ᖺ 7 ᭶ୖ᪪㸧ࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥ⤫㡿ࡢಶேⓗ⾜Ⅽ㛵ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢲࣝࡀᨻᶒࡢ༴ᶵ Ⓨᒎࠊࣟࢩࡢ㏻㈌ᭀⴠമົᒚ⾜ࠊLTCM ◚⥢㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 1998 ᖺ 8 ᭶㸧ࠋ 3 1914 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 28 ᪥ࡢࣦ࣭࢞ࣜࣟࣉࣜࣥࢶࣉࡼࡿࣇࣛࣥࢶ࣭ࣇ࢙ࣝࢹࢼࣥࢺබኵጔࡢᬯẅࡀࠊ➨୍ḟୡ⏺ᡓࡢᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 2 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࣁ࣓ࢻ࣭ࣛࢩࢵࢻࠕ୰ኸࢪࢆᦂࡿࡀࡍࢱࣜࣂ࣮ࣥࡢṇయࠖࠊࢪࣙࢼ࣮࣭ࣈࣛࣥࢡࠕ⤊ࢃ ࡾ࡞ࡁ࢝ࢩ࣑࣮ࣝ⣮தࡢᮏ㉁ࠖ࠸࠺ࡘࡢグࡢࢱࢺࣝࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓྠ 2004 ᖺ 11/12 ᭶ྕࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࣐࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢦ࣮ࣝࢻ࣐ࣥࡣࠕࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡢᶒຊᤸᥱࠖ㸦”Putin’s Power Grab”㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ඛぢᛶࡢ࠶ࡿពぢࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢᴫᛕࡣᩘ༓ᖺࡶ๓ࡽᏑᅾࡋࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⏝ㄒ࡛ࡤࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋྂ௦ࢠ ࣜࢩ࡛ࣕࡣࠊᆅ୰ᾏၟேࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㒔ᕷᅜᐙ㛫࡛ࡢ㈠᫆ࡢࣜࢫࢡ⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ13 ୡ⣖ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢥ࣭࣏࣮ࣟࡑࡢෑ㝤ዲࡁ࡞ᐙ᪘ࡓࡕࡣࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ࢩࣝࢡ࣮ࣟࢻࡢၟேࡓ ࡕࡢ⦾ᰤࡀሙᡤࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࢘ࢬ࣋࢟ࢫࢱࣥ⨨ ࡍࡿࣈࣁࣛࡸࢧ࣐ࣝ࢝ࣥࢻ࠾ࡅࡿྲྀᘬ័⾜ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢᶒຊ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢲ࣒࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫࡀ 1776 ᖺࠗㅖᅜẸࡢᐩ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࡲࡵࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡣ㛗ᖺࠊ⦾ᰤࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡍᨻ⟇ࢆ᥈ࡋồࡵ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢఏ⤫ࢆཷࡅ⥅ࡂࠊ⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ㐣ཤ 3 ୡ⣖ࢃ ࡓࡾẚ㍑⤒῭ᏛࡀᏛၥศ㔝ࡢ୰ᚰࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ4 200 ᖺ๓ࠊḢᕞࡢ㈨ᮏࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆ㈇࠸ࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾࠸࡚㐠Ἑࡸ㕲㐨࡞ࡢ 19 ୡ⣖ࡢ ࣥࣇࣛࡢ୍㒊ࡢᩚഛࢆᨭࡋࠊࡲࡓ୰༡⡿ࡸࢪࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚⤒῭Ꮫ⪅ࡓࡕࡣᐃᮇⓗࠊᨻࡢ⯙ྎ┤᥋Ⓩሙࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞ ࡀࢪ࣭࣓ࣙࣥࢼ࣮ࢻ࣭ࢣࣥࢬ࡛ࠊ1919 ᖺࡢࣃࣜㅮ㆟ࢆ③Ⅿᢈุࡋ࡚ࠗᖹࡢ⤒῭ⓗ ᖐ⤖࠘ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 9࣭11 ࡢྠከⓎࢸࣟ௨㝆ࠊࠕᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀከࡃࡢேࡢཱྀࡽⓎࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣඖࠎࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ⌮ࡢᙺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓ ࡵࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢᨻᏛ⪅ࣝࢻࣝࣇ࣭ࢳ࢙࣮ࣞࣥࡀ 1916 ᖺసࡾฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࡣࠊࡇࡢゝⴥࡢពࡀ᫂ࡽ㈨ᮏᕷሙ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ᣑࡋࠊ㑅ᣲࡸᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ࡞ ᅜෆࡢᨻ࣋ࣥࢺࡸࠊSARS ࡸ࢚࣎ࣛฟ⾑⇕࡞ࡢᗣ༴ᶵࠊࡲࡓࡣࣁࣜࢣ࣮ࣥࡸᆅ㟈 ࠸ࡗࡓ⮬↛⅏ᐖࡲ࡛ࡀᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⮬↛⅏ᐖᑐࡍࡿᨻ⟇ᑐ ᛂࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⅏ᐖࡢవἼࡀᝏ㸦ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗ࢜ࣜࣥࢬࡢࣁࣜࢣ࣮࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺ࣮ࣜࢼࡸ᪥ᮏࡢ⚟ᓥཎ Ⓨᨾ㸧ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊᨻࡲࡓࡣᨻ⟇ࡼࡗ࡚ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞⤒῭࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ᕷሙᶵ⬟ࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢇࡍ࡚㇟ࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࢃࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢᴫᛕࡀᚎࠎᣑࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࠕ␗ᖖ࡛ࠊከࡃࡢሙྜእⓗせᅉࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⾪ᧁⓗ࡞㇟ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍࡣࠊࠕᕷሙእᅉᛶࣜࢫࢡࠖ 㸦Market Exogenous RisksࠊMERs㸧࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ㐺ษࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⤒㊰ࡽᕷሙἼཬࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊཎἜ౯᱁ᛴ㦐ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍཎᅉ ࡣࠊከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ୰ᮾ࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦ⣮த㸦࠼ࡤࣛࣈㅖᅜࡼࡿ 1973 ᖺࡢཎἜ⚗㍺ᥐ⨨㸧 ࡸᮾഃㅖᅜすഃㅖᅜࡢ㛫ࡢእ㛵ಀࡢ୍ⓗ࡞ᝏ࡞ࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟࡛ࡍࠋ 4 21 ୡ⣖ࡢ᪥࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊẚ㍑⤒῭Ꮫࡣከࡃࡢሙྜࠊᡓதࠊ༴ᶵࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᅜᐙᏳಖ㞀࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ẚ㍑ᨻ⤒῭Ꮫ࡛ࡣᨻඪࡀ⤒῭ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊ᪥ࡢᅜ㝿⤒῭Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡣ㏻ᖖࠊእ⏕ⓗせᅉ ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 3 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓᚋ㈨ᮏᕷሙࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡀຍ㏿ࡋࠊᆅᨻᏛ㛵ࡋ࡚༑ศ࡞ศᯒࡢᚲせᛶ ࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ1970 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡲ࡛ࠊᰴᘧᢞ㈨ᐙࡢከࡃࡀᾏእᕷሙ࠾ࡼࡧᾏእᴗࡢᢞ㈨ ࢆቑࡸࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ྛᅜᨻᗓࡣᅜእࡢമๆᕷሙࡽࡢ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊOECD ຍ┕ᅜࡢᅜമᑐࡍࡿእᅜேࡢಖ᭷ẚ⋡ࡣ 1980 ᖺࡢ 10%ࡽ 2010 ᖺࡣ 41%ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 1989 ᖺࡢ෭ᡓ⤊⤖ࡼࡾࠊே㈨ᮏࡢ⛣ືࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㐣ཤ 100 ᖺ㛫࡛᭱ࡶ⮬⏤࡞≧ែ࡞ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊከࡃࡢᴗࡸᢞ㈨ᐙࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㓄៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ά ືࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㈨ᮏ⩏࠸࠺ᒎᮃࡣࠊ෭ᡓᚋࡢ⩏ࡢ⢭⚄ ࡢ୰࡛ࡣ่⃭ⓗ࡛ࠊࡲࡿ࡛ክࡢࡼ࠺㨩ຊⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࢺ࣒࣭ࣇ࣮ࣜࢻ࣐ࣥࡼࡿࠕࣞࢡ ࢧࢫ࣮࢜ࣜࣈࡢᮌࠖ㸦2000 ᖺ 5 ᭶㸧࡞ࡢㄽᩥࡀேẼࢆ༤ࡍ࡞ࠊ1990 ᖺ௦ࡽ 2000 ᖺ ௦ึ㢌ࡅ࡚ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢ฿᮶ࡀࡶ࡚ࡣࡸࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㈨ᮏ ⩏ࡢ㈶ྠ⪅ࡓࡕࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ┈ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕άỈ‽ࡢྥୖຍ࠼࡚⮬⏤ Ẹ⩏ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ1997 ᖺࡽ 1998 ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢࢪ㔠⼥༴ᶵุ࡛᫂ࡋ ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊᛴ㏿࡞㈨ᮏࡢ⛣ືࡣ⓶⫗ࡶᏳᐃࡉࢆᣍࡁࠊࡼࡾ⦆ࡸ࡞ኚ័ࢀࡓᩥᅪ࠾ ࠸࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࠾ࡅࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ ᨾࢫࢸ࣮ࣦ࣭ࣥࢪ࢙࣭ࢢ࣮ࣝࢻࡣྡⴭ”The Structure of Evolutionary Theory”㸦㑥㢟௬ヂ ࠗ㐍ㄽࡢᵓ㐀࠘㸧ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ࡽࡀᥦၐࡍࡿࠕ᩿⥆ᖹ⾮ㄝࠖࡢᴫᛕࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧᨻᏛࡢ ᛂ⏝ࢆㄽࡌࡲࡋࡓ㸦p.977㸧ࠋ᩿⥆ᖹ⾮ㄝࡢ♧ࡍ㏻ࡾࠊ2010 ᖺ௦࠾ࡅࡿࠕୡ⏺⛛ᗎࠖࡣࠊḟ ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᖹ⾮≧ែ㸦Ᏻᐃᮇ㸧ࢆồࡵ࡚ᛴ㏿ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࠊࡁ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡀከᩘᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡣᡓதࡢᵝ┦ࢆ࿊ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཎἜࡸῐỈ࡞㔜せ࡞㈨※ࡣᨻᏳᐃ࡞ᆅᇦ೫ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑐ❧ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࠊྛᅜᨻᗓࡸᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡣ㈼᫂࡞⾜ືࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࣅࢡࢺࣜ⋤ᮅ௦ࡽ➨୍ḟୡ ⏺ᡓຨⓎࡲ࡛ࡢⱥᅜࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⡿ᅜࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ᑟᶒࢆᢸ࠺ᆅ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ࡀከᴟ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢᑟⓗ࡞ᆅࡣከࡃࡢ㈐௵ࡀక࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࡑࡢⰋ࠸ࡀ୰ᮾ࡛ࡍ㸧ࠋ ࡑࡢぢ㏉ࡾࡶ௦ൾࡶࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࢛࢘ࣝࢱ࣮࣭ࣛࢵࢭ࣭࣑࣮ࣝࢻࡣ 2007 ᖺᇳ➹ࡋࡓ “With God on Our Side: American Apocalypse and the Mall at the End of the World”㸦 㑥㢟௬ヂ ࠕ⚄ࡣᡃࠎࡢഃ㸫࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㯲♧ୡ⏺ࡢᯝ࡚ࡢࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣮ࣔࣝࠖ㸧ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㏙࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࠕ21 ୡ⣖ࡀ㐍ࡴࡘࢀࠊ㔞ẅࡾࡃࡸୡ⏺ࡢ⤊↉ᑐࡍࡿᜍᛧࡣ෭ᡓ௦௨ୖᘏࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡾከࡃࡢ㔞◚ቯරჾࢆ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡍࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢᙺ⪅ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࠋࠖ ࣑࣮ࢻࡣᝒほㄽ⪅࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠕ20 ୡ⣖ゎࡁᨺࡓࢀࡓၿ ᝏࡀ 19 ୡ⣖ࡢே㢮ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢྠᵝࠊ21 ୡ⣖ࡶࡲࡓീࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᜨ ࡳᜍᛧࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㦫␗ⓗ࡞㑇ఏᏊᕤᏛࡸࠊ⏕≀Ꮫ㡿ᇦᶵᲔᏛ㡿ᇦࡢ⼥ྜࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠊ⫗య࠾ࡼࡧ⢭⚄ࡲ࡛ࡶࡀᨵ㐀ࡉࢀࡿ୰ࠊᡃࠎࡢᏊᏞࡣ᪥࡛ࡣ࠾ࡰࢁࡆࡋീࡢࡘ ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞⢭⚄ⓗࠊ⫗యⓗୡ⏺ᒃఫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ㸦p.25㸧 ୡ⏺ໃࡢ⾜᪉ࡀၥ㢟ྵࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜࡑࡢせ࡞ྠ┕ᅜࡣၥ㢟ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᡭẁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࡑࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜࡸྠ┕ᅜࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢぞᶒ⩏ⓗ࡞ 㔝ᚰᑐࡍࡿ࿘ᅖࡢホ౯ᡓࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚⡿ᅜ᭱ࡶᛅᐇ࡞Ḣᕞྠ┕ᅜࡢ୰ 4 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᠱᛕࡣ୍㒊⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣘࢽࣛࢸࣛࣝ㸦༢⊂⩏ⓗ㸧࡞ゎỴᡭẁࢆᶍ⣴ࡍ ࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊከᴟⓗ࡞༠ຊ㛵ಀࡢᨵၿࡇࡑࡀࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡶࡋࢀࡲ ࡏࢇࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢศᯒ ≉ 1970 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࠊ㈨ᮏᕷሙࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡀᛴ㏿㐍ᒎࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᢞ㈨ᐙࡸドๆ♫ࠊ ᱁ࡅᶵ㛵ࠊ⊂❧⣔ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ♫㸦༙ࡣ⤒῭ࠊᰴᘧࠊࡲࡓࡣࢡࣞࢪࢵࢺศ㔝㸧ࠊ≉Ṧಖ㝤 ♫࠾࠸࡚ࢯࣈࣜࣥศᯒࢳ࣮࣒ࡀ⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⤒῭ࠊᨻࠊேཱྀືែࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⏕άࡢ㉁ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㐣ཤࡢ⤫ィࡢศᯒࡀ㐍ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᝒⓗ࡞ 2001 ᖺࡢ 9࣭11 ྠከⓎࢸࣟ௨㝆ࠊ㈨ᮏᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡᑐࡍࡿὀ┠ ࡀࡁࡃ㧗ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㈨ᮏᕷሙཧຍࡍࡿᴗࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ9࣭11 ௨᮶ࠊ㔞◚ቯරჾࡢ㓄ഛ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀࡦࡑᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⤒῭ᨻ⟇ᙜᒁ⪅ࡣ 2000 ᖺ௦๓༙ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᨻ Ꮫୖࡢᝒほㄽࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚つᶍ࡞㔠⼥⦆ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡲࡾゝཬࡉࢀࡿ ࡇࡢ࡞࠸ヰ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨻ⟇ᙜᒁ⪅ࡢ⾜ືࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋ 2007 ᖺࡽ 2009 ᖺࡅ࡚ࡢୡ ⏺㔠⼥༴ᶵࢆᗏ῝ࡃࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᖜᗈ࠸ࡶࡢࡍࡿせᅉ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡣࡰ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᴗάືࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ㐍ᒎࡀ㡬Ⅼ㐩ࡋࡓ 2010 ᖺ௦༙ࡤࠊ࣐ࢡࣟᕷሙศᯒࡢ୰ᚰࡧ ᆅᨻᏛⓗせᅉࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ2014 ᖺࡢࣟࢩࡼࡿࢡ࣑ࣜᨷࡣࠊ෭ᡓࢆ⇞ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ୰ኸ㖟⾜ࡢᨻ⟇୪ࡪࡢὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣࠊࣛࢡࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱ ࣥ࠸࠺ 10 ᖺࢃࡓࡿࡘࡢ⣮த⑂ᘢࡋࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᅾࡣࢫ࣒ࣛᅜࡢࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺ㞟ᅋࢆ↓ຊ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ࠸ἐ㢌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊᡓத⑂ᘢࡋࡓ⡿ᅜࡣࠊᅜ㝿⛛ᗎ⥔ᣢࡢ㔜ᅽࢆ ከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ศᢸࡍࡿୡ⏺ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⏕≀Ꮫⓗࡶᵓ㐀ⓗࡶෆᅾࡍࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࡢ㐍ㄽࡀྖࡿᡃࠎࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ⏕≀ࡣ➇தࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚㐍ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ ⮬↛⏺ࡢᇶᮏἲ๎ࡀ㐍Ṍࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀྠᵝࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊᅜᐙࡸ⤌⧊ࡢ㐍ࡶ࠶ ࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⪅ᩋ⪅ࢆỴࡵࡿ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ࡞࠸⏕Ꮡ➇தࡢ୰࡛ࠊ➇தⓗ࡞⥭ᙇ 㛵ಀࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᅜ㐃ࡼࢀࡤࠊ21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࠊୡ⏺ࡣ 193 ࢝ᅜࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᩘࡢ ᨻⓗࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮᐀ᩍⓗಙᛕࡀᅜᐙࠊ⤌⧊ࠊ㞟ᅋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ಶேࡢάືࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ␗࡞ࡿὴ㛸㛫࡛ࡢពぢࡢ┦㐪ࡣᐃᮇⓗ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜᐙ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ┦㐪ࡣእୖ ࡢᦶ᧿ࢆᣍࡁࠊᡓதࡢᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㞟ᅋ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢពぢࢆ࡞࠸ࡀࡋ ࢁࡉࢀࡓ♫ⓗ࡞࢘ࢺࢧࢲ࣮ࡓࡕࡀࠊࢸࣟ⾜Ⅽࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ពぢࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿពぢࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡣ⭾࡛ࠊ⥭ᙇ≧ែࡢ㧗࠸࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡣࡰ⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃୡ⏺ࡢ ࡇᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᖾ࠸ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡢ༙ࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑠつᶍ࡛ࠊᆅᇦ⤒῭ ࡸᆅᇦᕷሙᑐࡋ࡚ࡍࡽࢇᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠾ࡼࡑᩘᖺ୍ᗘ ࠸࠺↹ࢃࡋ࠸㢖ᗘ࡛ࠊࡼࡾ㔜࡞ᑐ❧ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᆅᇦࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢᕷሙἼཬ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 5 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏳᐃ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗໃຍ࠼࡚ࠊேཱྀືែࡢኚࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋከࡃࡢඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ ࡣேཱྀࡀ⦰ᑠࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣప࠸ఙࡧࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊࣇࣜ࢝ࡸ୰ᮾࠊ༡ࢪ࠸ ࡗࡓ㏵ୖᅜ࡛ࡣࠊேཱྀࡀᛴቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋேཱྀࡀᛴ㏿ᣑࡍࡿ୰࡛Ᏻᐃࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡢࡀ࠸ 㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡣṔྐⓗド᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢከࡃ࠾࠸࡚Ᏻᐃࡢᣢ⥆ࢆ ᮃࡴࡢࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᭱Ⰻࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㧗ᮃࡳ࠸࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ㈨ᮏᕷሙࡣᖖࠊ✺↛ΰ㝗ࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ㈨ᮏᕷሙ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣࠊ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ⯆῝࠸ࡀ㑊ࡅࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠶࠸ࡲ࠸࡞㞧㡢ࠖࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓഐほ⩏ⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢಙዊ⪅ࡣࠊᅜᐙሗᶵ㛵࡛ࡉ࠼㔜࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ࢩࣙ ࢵࢡࡢண ࡋࡤࡋࡤኻᩋࡍࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢᑐฎ᪉ἲࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙳ㡪ࢆ⿕ࡗࡓᅜࡑࡢᅜࡢせ࡞മๆ࠾ࡼࡧᰴᘧⓎ⾜యࢆᢞࡆࡾࡍࡿ௨እࠊ࣏࣮ ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜࠾ࡅࡿ᫂☜࡞ᅇ㑊⌮ㄽࡣ⪃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆ⬟ືⓗ ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇᾘᴟⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵ᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࠊࢭ࣑ࢫࢺࣟࣥࢢᆺࡢຠ⋡ⓗᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᆅ ᨻᏛⓗ࡞ΰࡣࡰ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❧ሙࡢᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࠊᙉຊ࡞ண ᡓ␎ࡸᚋⓗ࡞ືࢆ≺ࡗࡓ᭷ຊ࡞ᢞ㈨ᡓ␎ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋῧ ࡢᅗ⾲ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓぢ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠗࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛࣭࣐ࣜ࢜ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࠘ࠊࠗࣇࢼࣥࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢼࣜࢫࢺ࣭ ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠗࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭ࣇࢼࣥࢫ࠘࡞ࡢᴗ⏺ㄅ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜ ࢫࢡࢆṇᘧ⪃ᐹࡋࡓグࡣࢇぢࡽࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚࡛ࡶࠊ࠶ࡾࡩࢀࡓᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫ ࢡࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡓࡧࠊᕷሙࡸ࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᬒẼࢧࢡࣝඹ㏻ᛶࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊྠ୍ࡢࢧࢡࣝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ2007 ᖺࡽ 2009 ᖺࡅ࡚✺ዴୡ⏺⤒῭ࡀ㔠⼥༴ᶵ㝗ࡗࡓཎᅉࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡞࠸ࠊࡘタィࡉࢀ ࡓࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢻၟရ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳ࣮ࣕࢻၟရࡢ⫼ᬒࡣᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞മົ㐣 ≧ែࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓせᅉࡀḟࡢࡁ࡞ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᬒẼᚋ㏥ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍᅉ࡞ࡿ ྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ21 ୡ⣖ࡢᚋ࠾࠸࡚ḟࡢ⤒῭༴ᶵࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡢࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁᆅᨻᏛ ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ண▱⬟ຊࢆධᡭࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᡃࠎࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓண▱⬟ຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊᆅᨻᏛ ⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆὀព῝ࡃࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆᨵၿࡋࠊ ᕷሙୗⴠᑐࡍࡿ⤌⧊యࡢឤᛂᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜㐠⏝᪉㔪 ௨ୗࡣࠊᨻᗓࠊ⤌⧊ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ಶேࡀᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡᑐࡍࡿ࢚ࢡࢫ࣏࣮ࢪ࣮ࣕࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢᥦ࡛ࡍࠋ 1. ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ᳨ウࢆṇᘧࣉࣟࢭࢫࡍࡿ㸸ྛᅜࡢ㤳⬻ࡀẖᮅࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢㄯヰࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㐠⏝᪉㔪᳨ウጤဨࡸࣜࢫࢡ᳨ウጤဨࡢ㐌ḟ࣑࣮ࢸࣥࢢ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ᳨ウࡀ㆟㢟࠶ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 2. ᴗ⥅⥆ィ⏬㸦BCP㸧ࡢᐃᮇⓗ࡞ぢ┤ࡋ㸸9࣭11 ࡢྠከⓎࢸࣟࡽ 13 ᖺࡓࡗࡓࡶࠊ ୍㒊ࡢ⤌⧊࡛ࡣ㒊⨫ෆࡢ㐃⤡ඛࢆᅇぴࡋࠊࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࢧࢺࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓሗ ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢࡳࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 6 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 3. ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࣉࣛࣥ㸦⥭ᛴᑐᛂィ⏬㸧⟇ᐃ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࢼࣜ࢜タᐃ㸸ᐇ㝿ࡢ ㇟ࢆṇ☜ண ࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ศ㢮ᇶ࡙ࡃ≉ᛶࡢホ౯ࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ᰾ởᰁࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ⇿ᙎࡀせ࡞ドๆྲྀᘬᡤࡢ㏆ࡃ࡛⇿Ⓨࡋࡓࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 4. ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸸ࡇࢀࡣ▱㆑⏘ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆ㍍ῶࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡣࠊࡑࢀᦠࢃࡿேᮦࡢ㉁ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋࡲࡍࠋᙼࡽࡢࢱ ࢫࢡࡣࠊゎㄞࠊどᐹࠊศᯒࠊࡑࡋ࡚ே⬦ࡢᵓ⠏࡛ࡍࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡホ౯ࡢ᭱๓⥺❧ ࡘࡓࡵࡣࠊࢇ࡞ඃ⚽࡞ேᮦ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㔠⼥㛵㐃ࡢ࣓ࢹሗࢆධᡭࡍࡿࡔࡅ ࡛‶㊊ࡍࡿࡇࡣチࡉࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡศᯒࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡸ᱁ࡅᶵ㛵ࡼ ࡿࢯࣈࣜࣥศᯒࢆ㉎ධࡋ࡚ሗ㞟ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇࡣከᑡ᭷┈࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ ༑ศࡣ࠸࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ᭱๓⥺ࡢࠖ㐠⏝ᢸᙜ⪅ࡼࡿᐃᮇⓗ࡞どᐹࡿᑐ⟇ࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡣࠊ⾤㢌ࡢ⏨ዪᑐࡍࡿ↓సⅭ࡞ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡸ ᨻໃࡘ࠸࡚⊂⮬ࡢどⅬࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊᆅᨻᏛࣜࢫࢡ ࢳ࣮࣒ࡣศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢᆅᇦᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᨻ㈈⏺࠾ࡼࡧ㐠⏝ᴗ⏺ࡢே⬦ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᅜ㝿♫㈨ࡍࡿࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡࡣᩘከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ྛᆅࡢሗᶵ㛵 ࡢ୰ࡶࠊせㄳࡍࢀࡤᛌࡃᴫ␎ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡇࢁࡣከᩘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 5. ࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࡢศᩓࢆ⥔ᣢ㸸ศᩓᢞ㈨ࡣ㏻ᖖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ຠ࡞ᡭἲ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᆅᨻᏛ ⓗࣜࢫࢡࡽ࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࢆᏲࡿୖ࡛ࡶ᭷⏝࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ༴ᶵࡸᆅᨻᏛ ⓗ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ㝿ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢࡣࠊࠊ≉ᐃࡢᕷሙ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㈨⏘ࡔࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣜࢫࢡỈ‽ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࠊ㏻ᖖࡣཎἜࠊ㔠ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧമๆࡢ౯᱁ࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡲࡍࠋ☜ᐇᛶࡀ ቑࡍ୰࡛ࡢศᩓᢞ㈨ࡢຠᯝࡣࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡣࠊከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ㡯ᘧ࠶ ࡿ࠸ࡣᢥᆺࡢᕷሙண ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸ ࡼࡗ࡚ぢ㏻ࡋࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࣑ࢵࢻࢧࢡࣝ㸦ࢧࢡࣝࡢ୰㛫Ⅼ㸧ࢆண ࡋࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸࡚㈨⏘㓄ศࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡼࡃ࠶ࡿᡭἲ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᡭ ἲᇶ࡙ࡃᰴᘧ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ㈨⏘ࢆ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡋࠊ㔠ୖ᪼ࡢ๓ᥦࡢࡶമๆࡀ ࣥࢲ࣮࢙࢘ࢺࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᡓ␎ࡣྜ⌮ⓗᛮ࠼ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㔜 ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᢞ㈨ᐙࡣᏳ㈨⏘ࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊୖグࡢᡓ␎ࡣ ࡃࡢኻᩋ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗ⥭ᙇࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓሙྜ⌧ᅾࡢணࡀࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅᚓࡿ࠸࠺⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇࡣࠊࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮࠾ࡅࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢸࢡࢽ ࢵࢡ࡛ࡍࠋᢞ㈨ᐙࡀศᩓࡉࢀࡓࢹࣇ࢙ࣥࢩࣈ࡞࣏࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣜ࢜ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᡭἲࡸࡑࡢ ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊኚࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᭱㐺࡞ᡭἲࡣ㐠⏝ᡓ␎ࡸ┠ᶆࡼࡗ ࡚࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊศᩓᢞ㈨ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆᖖᛕ 㢌⨨࠸࡚࠾࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 6. ㈨⏘ࢡࣛࢫ࣭㛫ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿᛂ㛵ᩘ㸸⮬↛⅏ᐖྠᵝࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞ࢩࣙࢵࢡࡢᗘ ྜ࠸ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛ࡍࠋᩘ༑ேࡢ≛≅⪅ࢆฟࡍ⮬⇿ࢸࣟࡣᝒ࡛ᜍࢁࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊⓒ ே༢ࡢ≛≅⪅ࢆฟࡍࡁ࡞ᡓதࡢຨⓎ༉ᩛࡍࡿつᶍࡣ࠸࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋᒁᆅⓗ࡞ ㇟ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᕷሙἼཬࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊᙜヱᆅᇦࡢ㈨⏘ࢡࣛࢫࡣ ⏒࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀཬࡪࡇࡣ࠶ࡾᚓࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓከࡃࡢሙྜࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠊᕷ ሙࡣ᭱ึᛂࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋᩘ᪥࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩘ㐌㛫ࡅ࡚ᙳ㡪ࡀᕷሙ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᕷሙࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓືࡁࢆࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊሗࣇ࣮ࣟࡢၥ㢟ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᙜึࡣ࠶ ࡲࡾሗࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋሗࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡘࢀࠊᕷሙࡣࣜ ࢫࢡࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ᭱ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㈨⏘ࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ ἣ࡛ࡣࠊࢡࢸࣈᢞ㈨ᐙࡸ▷ᮇᢞ㈨ᐙࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㈨⏘౯᱁ࡢୗⴠࠊୖ᪼ࡢ᪉ࡀᢞ ㈨ᶵ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࣟࣥࢢ࣮࢜ࣥࣜࡢ㛗ᮇᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࠊࢹࣇ࢙ࣥࢩࣈ࡞ࣟࢣ࣮ࢩ 7 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࣙࣥࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀࡓ㈨⏘ࢆ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ࡛┈ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ 7. ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㇟ࡽ┈ࢆᚓࡿࡇᑐࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗᢠ㸸ᕷሙືྥ࠾ࡼࡧពᛮỴᐃ ࡀ⾜ື⤒῭Ꮫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡀࡶ࠺୍ࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ2002 ᖺࠗࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ࣭ࣝ࢜ࣈ࣭ ࢪ࣭࣓࣭࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࢹ࣭࢝ࣝࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠘Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝࡼࡿࠊ9࣭11 ࡢྠከⓎࢸࣟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜᐙࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⾪ᧁⓗ࡞௳ࡢᚋࠊ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ┤᥋ࢸࣟࡢ⿕ᐖ ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ே࡛ࡶࠊ௳ࢆᾘࡍࡿࡢ 6 ࢝᭶࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀ௨ୖࢆせࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 11 ᪥ᕷሙࢆ✵ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࠊࡇࡢ ࡽ┈ࢆᚓࡓࡇࢆᚋࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࡿドゝࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᕷሙཧຍ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣࠊ ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ㝿ࠊ┦ሙୗⴠࡼࡿᦆኻࡣᅇ㑊ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ┈ࢆ ᚓࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࡲࡓูၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ័ᛶ࠸࠺ࡢࡣᙉຊ࡞స⏝ࢆᣢ ࡕࠊᕷሙཧຍ⪅ࡀ㐺ṇ࡞ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࣜࢫࢡࢆ✚ࡳቑࡍ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ๐ῶࡍࡿࡢࢆጉࡆࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㐣ཤࡢ೧࡞ᢞ㈨ᐙࡢ୰ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ேࠎࡶᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥᡓதࡢ᭱୰ⱥᅜᨻᗓ㈨㔠ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࢿࢧ࣭࣓ࣥ ࣮࣭ࣟࢫࢳࣕࣝࢻࡣࠊ࣮࣡ࢸ࣮ࣝࣟࡢᡓ࠸㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆබᘧ࣮ࣝࢺࡼࡾࡶ 1 ᪥᪩ ࡃධᡭࡋࠊࡑࡢሗᇶ࡙࠸࡚㈙ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇᡂຌࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓⱝࡁ᪥ࡢ J.P.ࣔࣝ ࢞ࣥࡣࠊ1860 ᖺ௦ึ㢌༡ᡓத࡛㌷ࡢᚲせ≀㈨ࡘ࠸࡚ᕦጁ࡞ᢞᶵࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㈨⏘ࢆ Ᏻࡃ㈙࠺ࡇ࡛┈ࢆ࠶ࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋᙼࡣࡲࡓ 1893 ᖺ࠾ࡼࡧ 1907 ᖺࡢᜍៃࡢ㝿ࡣ⡿ᅜ ᨻᗓࡢᩆ῭࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୍ᙺ㈙࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᢞ㈨ᐙࡣࠊእࡢ㒊㢮ᒓࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㐠⏝ពᛮỴᐃ࠾ࡅࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ ᅄࡘࡢせࢸ࣮࣐ x ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺⛛ᗎࠖࡢ᥈ồ x ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⣽ศ㸦ࢣ࣋ࢵࢡࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࠊ࣋ࢿࢳࠊ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕࠊ࢝ࣜ ࣇ࢛ࣝࢽࠊࢸ࢟ࢧࢫࠊࣛࢫ࢝ࠊࢩࣜࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࣞ㸧 x ከᴟⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᅇᖐࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫࠾ࡅࡿ⡿ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢపୗ x 㔞◚ቯරჾࡢᣑᩓධᡭྍ⬟ᛶࡢྥୖ ㈨ᮏᕷሙ࠾ࡅࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢᐃ⩏ x ࠕ⤒῭Ꮫࠖࡢ๓ࠕᨻࠖࢆࡘࡅࡿ㸸ࠕᨻ⤒῭Ꮫࠖࡢάࠕᆅᨻ⤒῭Ꮫࠖ 㸦Geopolitical Economics㸧ࡢᖥ㛤ࡅ x ⌧௦ࡢ㈨ᮏᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡀពࡍࡿࡶࡢ㸸ୡ⏺ࡢၟᴗάື㈨ᮏᕷሙ ᑐࡋ࡚ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ฟ᮶㸦௳ࠊᡓதࠊᡓதࡢ⬣ጾࠊせ࡞㈠᫆ ὶື㸦ཎἜ㸧ࡢΰࠊ㠉ࠊࢸࣟάືࠊࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࠊᬯẅࠊᗣ༴ᶵ㸧 x ࡼࡾ⊃⩏ࡢᐃ⩏㸸㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ᡓ␎ⓗ⦅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ✺↛ࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗࢩࣙࢵࢡࠖ㸦෭ᡓࡢ ⤊⤖ࠕᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࠖࡢᗈࡀࡾ㸧 20 ୡ⣖ᮎ㹼21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࠾ࡅࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗṔྐほ ᨾࣜࢳ࣮ࣕࢻ࣭࣍ࣝࣈࣝࢵࢡඖᅜ㐃ࡢⓎゝ㸸 x 20 ୡ⣖๓༙ࡣࣇࢩࢬ࣒ᡴಽࡢ௦グ᠈ࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ x 20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡣඹ⏘⩏ᡴಽࡢ௦グ᠈ࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ 8 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ྠᵝᡃࠎࡣ௨ୗࢆ☜ಙ㸸 x 21 ୡ⣖ࡢ᭱ึࡢᅄ༙ୡ⣖㸦ࡼࡾ▷ᮇ㛫࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࡞࠾Ⰻ࠸㸧ࡣࠊࢸࣟࡢ㜚࠸࠾ࡼࡧ୰ᮾ ࡢᨻᏳࠊᮾࢪࡢ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡢゎỴࠊࡑࡋ࡚ BRICs ࠾ࡅࡿࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢྎ㢌 ࡢ௦グ᠈ࡉࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ ࡼࡾ㛗ᮇࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗṔྐほ x ᢏ⾡ሗࡢ㐍Ṍࡼࡾࠊୡ⏺ྐࡢ㐍ᒎ㏿ᗘࡀຍ㏿ x ᆅᨻᏛࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡣࡇࡢ᪂௦ࢆᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡿసᴗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ x ࣇࢡ࣐ࣖࠗṔྐࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࠘㸦1989 ᖺ㸧 o Ṕྐࡣᬑ㐢ⓗືᶵᚑ࠺ o ྛᆅ࡛άືࡍࡿໃຊࢆỈᖹศᯒ o すὒࡢ⮬⏤Ẹ⩏ࡀ᭱Ⰻࡢᨻయไ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ௦ x ࣁࣥࢸࣥࢺࣥࠗᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺࠘㸦1996 ᖺ㸧 o Ṕྐࢆືࡍࡢࡣࠕᢚไ⬟࡞⣮த࠾ࡼࡧ┦ᐜࢀ࡞࠸ㄽ⌮࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦㸸2014 ᖺ ࡢ࢞ࢨᆅ༊࠾ࡅࡿࣁ࣐ࢫࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢᑐ❧㸧 o ᐀ᩍ࠾ࡼࡧᩥࡀᙧᡂࡍࡿୡ⏺ࡢᨻయไࢆᆶ┤ศᯒ o ᩥࡢ㐪࠸ࡣᣢ⥆ࡋࠊࣇ࢛ࣝࢺ࣭ࣛࣥ㸦ᩥ᫂㛫ࡢ᩿ᒙ⥺㸧ࡢ࿘㎶࡛ࡣ⣮தࡢⓎ ⏕ࡀ⥆ࡃ x ࣑࣮ࢻࠕ⚄ࡣᡃࠎࡢഃ㸫࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ㯲♧ୡ⏺ࡢᯝ࡚ࡢࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣮ࣔࣝࠖ o ࣇࢡ࣐ࣖࣁࣥࢸࣥࢺࣥࡢㄝࢆ⼥ྜࡋࠊ➨୕ࡢ㐨ࢆᥦၐ x ࣮ࣖࢹࣥࠊࢫࢱࢽࢫ࣮ࣟࠗᕷሙᑐᅜᐙ࠘㸦1998 ᖺ㸧 o 20 ୡ⣖᭱ᚋࡢᅄ༙ୡ⣖࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤ᕷሙࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡀᅜᐙ⤫ไࡢ⤒῭ࣔࢹࣝ ᑐࡋ࡚ᨻⓗࢆࡵࡓࡇࢆᐉゝ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㛵ࡍࡿ௳㸦1900 ᖺ㹼2014 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸧 1990 ᖺ௦ࡣእⓗ✜ࡸ࡞௦ࠋṔྐⓗࡣᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧⓎ⏕ x ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ㈨ᮏᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ࠊつᶍ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ 15 ᖺ࠾ࡁⓎ⏕ࠋ➨୍ ḟୡ⏺ᡓ㸦1914 ᖺ㹼1918 ᖺ㸧ࠊ➨ḟୡ⏺ᡓ㸦1939 ᖺ㹼1945 ᖺ㸧ࠊᮅ㩭ᡓத 㸦1950 ᖺ㹼1953 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ༴ᶵ 㸦1962 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ᡓத㸦1965 ᖺ㹼1973 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ࢜ࣝࢩࣙࢵࢡ㸦1973 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣛࣥ㠉㸦1979 ᖺ㸧ࠊ‴ᓊᡓத㸦1990 ᖺ㹼1991 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ୡ⏺ྠከⓎࢸࣟ㸦2001 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 11 ᪥㸧ࠊࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ⣮த㸦2001 ᖺ㹼2014 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ➨ḟ‴ᓊᡓத㸦2003 ᖺ㹼2011 ᖺ㸧 x ᑠつᶍ࡞௳ࡣ㢖Ⓨࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣋ࣝࣜࣥᑒ㙐㸦1948 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜື㸦1956 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ࢫ࢚ࢬ༴ᶵ㸦1956 ᖺ㸧ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᩥ㠉㸦1965 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣉࣛࣁࡢ㸦1968 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣉ࢚ ࣈࣟྕ௳㸦1968 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࢛࣮࢘ࢱ࣮ࢤ࣮ࢺ௳㸦1974 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣓ࣛࣥࣜ࢝㤋ே ㉁௳㸦1979 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢢࣞࢼࢲᨷ㸦1983 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣃࢼ࣐ᨷ㸦1989 ᖺ㸧ࠊኳᏳ㛛௳ 㸦1989 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢯ㐃 8 ᭶ࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮㸦1991 ᖺ㸧ࠊୡ⏺㈠᫆ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⇿◚௳㸦1993 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ྎ‴ᾏᓙ࣑ࢧࣝ༴ᶵ㸦1996 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣥࢻࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡢ᰾ᐇ㦂㸦1998 ᖺ㸧ࠊ⡿Ⰴࢥ ࣮ࣝくᧁ௳㸦2000 ᖺ㸧ࠊᾏ༡ᓥ௳㸦2001 ᖺ㸧ࠊᮾḢㅖᅜࡢᨵ㠉㸦2002-2004 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ࣂࣜᓥ⇿ᙎࢸࣟ௳㸦2002 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢫ࣌ࣥิ㌴⇿◚௳㸦2004 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥྠ⇿ ◚௳㸦2005 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣁࣜࢣ࣮࣭ࣥ࢝ࢺ࣮ࣜࢼく᮶㸦2005 ᖺ㸧ࠊᮅ㩭ࡢ᰾ᐇ㦂㸦2006 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣂࢢ࣒ࣛ⡿✵㌷ᇶᆅ㸦ࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ㸧くᧁ௳ 㸦2007 ᖺ㸧ࠊ༡࢜ࢭࢳ⣮த 㸦2008 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣛࢩࣗ࢝ࣞࢺࣂࡼࡿ࣒ࣥࣂくᧁ௳㸦2008 ᖺ㸧ࠊࠕࣛࣈࡢࠖ 9 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 x ࡢࡣࡌࡲࡾ㸦2010 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣮࢘࢟ࣜࢡࢫὶฟ௳㸦2010 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢩࣜෆᡓຨⓎ㸦2011 ᖺ㸧ࠊᮾ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏⚟ᓥཎⓎᨾ㸦2011 ᖺ㸧ࠊࠕ࢛࣮࢘ࣝ⾤ࢆ༨ᣐࡏࡼࠖ㐠ື 㸦2011 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ᅾእබ㤋くᧁ௳㸦2012 ᖺ㸧ࣁࣜࢣ࣮࣭ࣥࢧࣥࢹ㸦2012 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡼࡿ࣐ࣜ㌷ධ㸦2013 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࣎ࢫࢺ࣐ࣥࣛࢯࣥ⇿ᙎࢸࣟ௳㸦2013 ᖺ㸧ࠊ ࢫࣀ࣮ࢹࣥࡼࡿ NSA ᶵᐦᭀ㟢㸦2013 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮㸦2013 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢩࣜ Ꮫරჾၥ㢟㸦2013 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࢚࣎ࣛฟ⾑⇕ࡢᣑ㸦2014 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࢘ࢡࣛࢼ࣭ࢡ࣑ࣜ༴ ᶵ㸦2014 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢫ࣒ࣛ㐣⃭ὴࡼࡿࣛࢡᨷ㸦2014 ᖺ㸧ࠊࣛࣥ᰾㛤Ⓨၥ㢟 㸦2014 ᖺ㸧㸦࣮࣋ࣝࢺ࣭࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏර㝲ර⯋⇿◚௳㸦1983 ᖺ㸧ࠊ࢜ࢡ࣐ࣛ࣍ࢩࢸ 㐃㑥ᨻᗓࣅࣝ⇿◚௳ࠊ࣐ࣛࢣࢩࣗࡢࢸࣟ௳㸦2011 ᖺ㸧ࢼࢪ࢙ࣜዪᏊ⏕ᚐ㐃ࢀ ཤࡾ௳㸦2014 ᖺ㸧ࠊࢣࢽࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣮ࣔࣝくᧁ௳㸦2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 21 ᪥㹼24 ᪥㸧 ࠾ࡼࡧࢼࣟࣅࡢ⡿ᅜ㤋⇿◚௳㸦1998 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 7 ᪥㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣛࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࣇ࢞ ࢽࢫࢱ࡛ࣥࡣ᪥ᖖⓗ⇿◚௳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡰ㞟ィྍ⬟㸧 ᅜ㐃ຍ┕ᅜ 193 ࢝ᅜࡀᵓᡂࡍࡿୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚⤫ྜࡀ㐍ࡴ୰ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡢⓎ⏕㢖ᗘࡣ ቑຍࡍࡿண ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ㸦2014 ᖺ㹼2024 ᖺ㸧 ㆟ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ㸸ࠕྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿࠖၥ㢟ࠊࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠊྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿࠖၥ㢟ࠊࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠖၥ㢟 ࠕྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿࠖၥ㢟 x x x x x x ⮬⏤㈨ᮏ⩏㸸ࠕ㐀ⓗ◚ቯࠖࢆక࠺ࡶࡢࠊࡼࡾᐶᐜ࡞ࠕ♫⩏⪅ⓗ⣼≢ࠖࢆక࠺ ࡶࡢ ᐀ᩍⓗᐶᐜࠊࠕᩥ᫂ࡢ⾪✺ࠖ ᅜᐙ㛫ࡸᛮࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢጇ༠ࡢḞዴ ở⫋ ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞බ⾗⾨⏕ၥ㢟ࣃࣥࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ㸦ឤᰁࡢୡ⏺ⓗὶ⾜㸧ࡢ⬣ጾ ேཱྀືែ ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠊྂࡃࡽ࠶ࡿࠖၥ㢟 x x x x x x x Ẽೃኚື ᆅᨻᏛⓗኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙺ ᆅᇦ㞟ᅋࡢᨻⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗ⤫ྜ㸦࣮ࣘࣟᅪ㸧ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍᑠつᶍ ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢศゎ㸦ࣂࣝ࢝ࣥㅖᅜ㸧 ୡ⏺ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢኚ 㓄ศ⩏ⓗᨻ⟇㸸㈠᫆ࠊᢏ⾡ࠊሗࠊ་⒪ࠊᐩ ࣈࣞࢺࣥ࢘ࢵࢬᶵ㛵ࡢᨵ㠉㸸ୡ⏺㖟⾜࠾ࡼࡧᅜ㝿㏻㈌ᇶ㔠㸦IMF㸧 ࢫ࣒ࣛᛴ㐍ὴࡣḢ⡿ᑐ❧ࡋࠊࣛࣈୡ⏺ࡢๅ᪂ⱞᡓ ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠖၥ㢟 x x x x x 㔞◚ቯරჾࡢᣑᩓࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ㔞◚ቯරჾࡀ⏝ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ᢏ⾡㐍Ṍࡼࡾつᶍ࡞ࢸࣟάືࡀᐜ᫆ ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡼࡾ㈠᫆ࠊሗࠊேཱྀ⛣ືࡀᛴቑࠋᅜᐙ㛫ࡢቃ⏺⥺ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡀప ୗ ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ 㑇ఏᏊ⤌ࡳ࠼㣗ရ 10 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 x ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ ᆅᇦูࡢࣜࢫࢡせᅉ ᮾࢪ x x x x x x ୰ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢୖ᪼ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᨻⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃᛶࠊྎ‴ၥ㢟ࠊ㡿ᅵ㈨※ࡢ㔝ᚰ ᪥ᮏࡢᬒẼᅇࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㌿ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡢ⤫୍ࠊᮅ㩭ࡢ⾜ື᰾㛤Ⓨィ⏬ ᐀ᩍୖࡢ㐣⃭⩏ࠊࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࠊᨻᗓໃຊ ࣥࢻࢿࢩศ ࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡢᙺ ༡࣭୰ኸࢪ x x x x ࣥࢻ࣭ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ㛫ࡢ⣮தࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡢ᰾රჾၥ㢟ᣑᩓࣜࢫࢡࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥᅜෆࡢ㐣⃭ὴṊໃຊ ⤒῭⮬⏤ vs ఏ⤫⩏ 2014 ᖺࡢ⡿ᅜ᧔㏥ᚋࡢࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥࡢᏳᐃᛶ ୰ᮾ x x x x x x x x x x ࣛࣈࡢࡢవἼ ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ ࣛࢡ㸸Ꮡ⥆ศࠊࢫ࣒ࣛᅜ ࢩࣜ㸸ෆᡓࠊ㐣⃭⩏ᅜᐙ㸦࢝ࣜࣇᅜᐙ㸧ࡀࣛࢡἼཬࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ ࣛࣥ㸸⚄ᶒᨻࡢ✜᰾ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴ ࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅ⋤ᅜࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࠊࣚࣝࢲࣥࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࠕ✜࡞ࠖࣛࣈㅖᅜࡢᑗ ᮶㸸Ḣ⡿ࡢ᥋㏆ࠊཎ⌮⩏ ୰ᮾࡢࡈࢁࡘࡁᅜᐙ㸦ࣛࣥࠊࣜࣅࠊࢩࣜ㸧ࡀᔂቯࡋࡓሙྜ⏕ࡌࡿᶒຊ✵ⓑ≧ែ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࢺࣝࢥ㸸Ᏻᐃᛶࠊすὒᮾὒ ᇦෆࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡢୖ᪼ ᰾ᣑᩓᇦෆࡢරჾ㛤Ⓨ➇தࡢࣜࢫࢡ Ḣᕞ x x x x x x Ḣᕞ㐃ྜ㸦EU㸧ࡢᣑࠊⱥᅜࡢ EU ⬺㏥ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ⤒῭⤫ྜࡀᨻ⟇ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ┦ẅࡍࡿࠊ㈨ᮏ⩏ࢆᣄ⤯ࡋ࡚࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒ⓗ⤒῭㐠Ⴀྑ ⩼ᨻࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ ⌧ᅾࡢ⡿ᅜ୰ᚰࡢ⛛ᗎࢆᨭࡍࡿࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ୡ⏺⛛ᗎࢆᥦၐࡍࡿ ࣟࢩࡢᙺ㸸ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀྎ㢌ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡢᅜෆࡢ♫ⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃࠊ㏱᫂࡞ ᭱⤊┠ᶆ ศ㞳⩏ໃຊ㸸ࣂࢫࢡࠊࣝࣛࣥࢻࠊࣂࣝ࢝ࣥㅖᅜࠊ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕࠊ࣋ࢿࢳࠊࢫࢥ ࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ すὒ᮲⣙ᶵᵓ㸦NATO㸧ࡢᑗ᮶ ୰༡⡿ x Ẹ⩏ࠊ㈨ᮏ⩏ࠊ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⊂ᨻ 11 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 x x x x x ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ㸸ᅜ㝿≢⨥⤌⧊ࡢࣜࢫࢡࠊở⫋ࠊᨵ㠉ࡢつᶍ ࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥ㸸㏻㈌ษࡾୗࡆࢹࣇ࢛ࣝࢺࡢ᮶ ࣋ࢿࢬ࢚ࣛ㸸ᨻࣔࢹࣝࡢ㑅ᢥ ࣈࣛࢪࣝ㸸ᨻࣔࢹࣝࡢ㑅ᢥ ࢥࣟࣥࣅ㸸ᨻᗓໃຊᑐࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ⤒῭ᨵ㠉㐍ᒎࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ ࣇࣜ࢝ x x x x x ࠕ㐜ࢀࡓ㝣ࠖࡢᨭὶὴࡢ௰㛫ධࡾ HIV ࡢࡲࢇᘏ࢚࣎ࣛฟ⾑⇕ࡢᣑ ⤒῭࣭་⒪࣭ᢏ⾡࣭ᩍ⫱ࡢ᱁ᕪࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿࠊᣑࡍࡿ ࠕ◚ࡓࢇᅜᐙࠖࡢᑐฎ ࣭ᮾ࣭すࣇࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࡢࣜࢫࢡ ⡿ x x x x x x ⡿ᅜࡀࣘࢽࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒㸦༢⊂⾜ື⩏㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࣐ࣝࢳࣛࢸࣛࣜࢬ࣒㸦ከᅜ㛫⩏㸧 ⛣⾜ࡋࠊ㉸ᅜࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆಟṇࡍࡿ ᅜෆᨻࡢᴟ ⛣Ẹ༡㒊ࡢᅜቃ㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟 ࢡࢸࣅࢫࢺࡋ࡚እᅜ㖟⾜⨩㔠ࢆ⛉ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ⡿ᅜ ⡿ᅜෆࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࣝࢿࢵࢧࣥࢫ⪁ᮙࡋࡓࣥࣇࣛ ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁᑐࡍࡿ⬤ᙅᛶ ୡ⏺ⓗ㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ x x x እၥ㢟ホ㆟ࡢሗ࿌ࡼࡿࠊ1980 ᖺࡽ 2000 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 125 ࢝ᅜࡀ 㖟⾜ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ༙ᩘࡀ◚ࡓࢇࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸦ࠕ㔠⼥༴ᶵ ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㐣ཤ 20 ᖺ㛫ࡔࡅࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊ125 ௨ୖࡢᅜࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ୍ᗘࡣ῝ ้࡞㖟⾜ၥ㢟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ༙ᩘ௨ୖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡢᅜෆ㖟⾜ࢩࢫࢸ࣒య ࡀᐇ㉁ⓗ◚ࡓࢇࡋࡓࠋࠖ㸧 ୡ⏺ࡢ┦᥋⥆ᛶࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡞ࡃ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ࡢ GDP ᑐࡍࡿ㈠᫆ࡢẚ⋡ ࡣ 1980 ᖺࡣ 20.9%࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ1990 ᖺࡣ 18.3%ࠊ2000 ᖺࡣ 24.1%ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 2013 ᖺࡣ 31.3%࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୡ⏺ࡢ⤒῭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊᛴ㏿࡞ᢏ⾡ኚࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡼ࠺➇࠸ྜ࠸ࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ౪⤥㐣 ࡼࡿࢹࣇࣞᅽຊࡋࡤࡋࡤ㝗ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀᨻᏳࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍᅵተ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ពᛮỴᐃ⪅ࡣࠊ࢝ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࢡ᱁ࡅࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡽᚓࡓሗᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ ୍ぴ☜⋡ࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࢇࡣࠊᐃ㔞ศᯒࢆ㔜 どࡍࡿ㢳ᐈࡢࡓࡵࠕほⓗࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕࣄ࣮ࣗࣜࢫࢸࢵࢡ㸦」㞧࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ⣲᪩ࡃゎỴࡍࡿ ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㝿⏝࠸ࡿࠊ⎍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘṇゎ㏆࠸ゎࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭἲ㸧ࠖ ࣜࢫࢡ☜⋡ࢆసࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡃࡽ፣᭤ⓗ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ☜⋡ࡢసᡂࠖࡣ ⤖ᒁࠕ㞧ᢕ࡞ィ⟬࡛ࠖࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊᚋ 25 ᖺ௨ෆᮅ㩭༙ᓥࡀ⤫୍ࡉࢀࡿ☜⋡ࡣ㧗࠸㸦80%㹼90%㸧ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ࠸ࡘࡢࡼ࠺㉳ࡇࡿࠊṇ☜ணࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺సᡂࡉࢀ ࡓ☜⋡ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣὀពࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ☜⋡ᩘ್㢗ࡾࡓ࠸࠸࠺ㄏᝨ 12 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡣࠊ៏ᚰࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡡࡲࡏࢇࠋ③࠸┠࠶ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࢃࡿࡇࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ㧗☜⋡ ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡀணࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜẚ࡚ࠊప☜⋡ࡢ㇟ࡀ✺↛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿሙྜࡢ᪉ ࡀࠊᙳ㡪ࡣ᩿↛ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⊂⮬⪃࠼ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ㔜どࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ணᮇࡏࡊࡿ㇟ ࡢⓎ⏕ഛ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ 2014 ᖺ 9 ᭶Ⅼ࠾ࡅࡿせ࡞₯ᅾⓗᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ ௨ୗᣲࡆࡓᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ୍ぴࡣࠊໟᣓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡍ࡚ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⥙⨶ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࣈࣛࢵࢡࢫ࣡ࣥࡢࣜࢫࢡ㸦ㄡࡶணࡋ࡞ࡗࡓ㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࣜࢫࢡ㸧 ྠᵝࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊᮏ㉁ⓗࠊ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢᵓᡂࡣࡶኚࡋࡲࡍࠋ 1. ᮅ㩭㸸ᮅ㩭ࡣᡭ࠾࠼࡞࠸ၥ㢟ᅜᐙ࡛ࠊᐇୖࡢ୰ᅜࡢᒓᅜ࡛ࡍࠋ⮬ࡽసࡾୖࡆࡓ 㝸㞳ࡉࢀࡓୡ⏺ࡽእ⏺ᢡጼࢆ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ᨭࢆồࡵࡲࡍࠋẖᅇࠊᨭࡢぢ㏉ ࡾࡋ࡚ࠊᅜࡢࡼ࠺ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡇࢆ⣙᮰ࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊᏲࡽࢀࡓࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ ࡢࠕୡᤞ࡚ே⋤ᅜࠖࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡣ୕ࡘࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1㸧㡑ᅜࡢ⤫୍ࠊ2㸧ᨷᧁᛶࡀ㧗ࡲ ࡾࠊ㔞◚ቯරჾࢆྵࡴṊჾ㍺ฟࡀຍ㏿ࠊ3㸧⌧≧⥔ᣢ࡛ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 2. ୰ᅜ㸫᪥ᮏ㸸୰ᅜࡣࠊୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿᆅࡢྥୖྜࢃࡏ࡚㌷ຊࡢቑᙉࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡣ⡿ᅜࡢᙉຊ࡞ྠ┕᮲⣙ࢆ⫼ᬒࠊ㌷㠃࡛ࡣ✜ᙜ࡞⮬⾨ᡓຊࢆಖᣢࡍࡿ ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊែࡣኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋṔྐⓗ࡞ᩛᑐ㛵ಀࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅ ࡿ⌧ᅾࡢᑐ❧ࢆ⫼ᬒࠊఱࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡣ ୕ࡘࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ1㸧⥭ᙇࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࡶࡢࡢ⌧≧⥔ᣢࠊ2㸧ᑠつᶍ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ๓⥺࡛ࡢ㌷⾜ ືࡀ⣮தࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡾ⡿ᅜࡀධࠊ3㸧ఱࡽࡢ௳ࢆࡁࡗࡅ୧ᅜࡢᾏ㌷ࡀ⾪✺ࠊ࡛ ࡍࠋ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊഅⓎⓗ࡞ᑠつᶍࡢ㌷ⓗ௳ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗ࡲ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 3. ୰ᅜ㸫ᮾ༡ࢪ㸸ᮾ༡ࢪㅖᅜࡗ࡚୰ᅜࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞㈠᫆┦ᡭ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡀᇦ ෆ࡛ໃຊࢆቑࡍࡘࢀࠊᏳᚰឤᏳឤࡀྠ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛㡿 ᭷ᶒࢆᙇࡋࠊྠᆅᇦࡢᅜࠎࡢ㛫࡛⥭ᙇࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑗ᮶㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡣࠊ 1㸧୰ᅜࡀᇦෆ࡛ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆάࡋࠊ㌷ຊ㢗ࡽࡎ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ࡍࡿࠊ2㸧㡿ᾏ࠾ࡅࡿᑠ つᶍ࡞ᑠ➇ࡾྜ࠸ࡢ㢖ᗘࡀቑࡋࠊ⤒῭ไࡸ⚗㍺ᥐ⨨Ⓨᒎࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࠊ3㸧እୖࡢྜ ពࡼࡾ㈨※ࢆඹ᭷ࠊ4㸧⌧≧⥔ᣢࡀ⥆ࡃࡶᑐ❧ࡣṧࡾࠊᑠつᶍࡢᑠ➇ࡾྜ࠸ࡀࠎⓎ⏕ࠊ ࡞࡛ࡍࠋྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ࡢࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡀᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜ࡋ࡚┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࢩࢼ ࡛ࣜ࢜ࡍࡀࠊ⥭ᙇࡣ⥅⥆ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 4. ࣥࢻ㸫ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ㸸ࣥࢻࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ୧ᅜࡣ༡ࢪࡅࡿ᰾ಖ᭷ᅜ࡛ࠊ㐣ཤ୕ᗘ ࢃࡓࡾ㠃ⓗ࡞ᡓதࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦1947 ᖺࠊ1965 ᖺࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ 1971 ᖺ㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ 1999 ᖺࡢ࣮࢝ࣝࢠࣝ⣮த࡛ࡣࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ㌷ࡀᡓࣛࣥࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࣥࢻ㡿ࡢ࢝ࢩ࣑࣮ ࣝᆅ᪉ධࡋࡓࡉࢀࠊࣥࢻࡼࡿ㌷ሗࢆᣍࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᅜቃ㏆࡛ࡢᑠ➇ࡾྜ ࠸ࡣ㢖Ⓨࡋࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ࢝ࢩ࣑࣮ࣝࡀᑐ❧ࡢཎᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㌷ຊ࡛ࡣࣥࢻࡀඃ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㌷ຊࡢᕪࡣ᰾ࡢᢚṆຊࡼࡗ࡚↓ព࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࠊබ↛ࡓࡿ⣮த⾜ Ⅽࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡢ᰾ಖ᭷ࢆ຺ࡍࡿࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥᅜෆࡢᨻ Ᏻࡀࡉࡽᝏࡋࡓሙྜࡣၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡲࡍࠋྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ࡢࡣ⌧≧⥔ᣢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ࠾ࡅࡿ㐣⃭⩏ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡸࣛࢩࣗ࢝ࣞࢺࣂࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ‽ᅜᐙ⤌ ⧊ࡢᏑᅾࡀែࢆᝏࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣᖖ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 13 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 5. ୰ᅜ㸫⡿ᅜ㸸⡿୰㛵ಀࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᅜ㛫㛵ಀ࡛ࡍࠋᢡᦶ᧿ࡀ⏕ࡌ ࡿࡶࡢࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ㛵ಀ࠸࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୧ᅜࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ᘓタⓗ࡞ ㆟ㄽࢆࢃࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࠊྎ‴ၥ㢟ࠊ㏻㈌ࠊẼೃኚືࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡢቑ ᙉࠊ࠾ࡼࡧேᶒၥ㢟ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᦶ᧿ࡀ㧗ࡌ࡚ ㌷⾪✺Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࠊྎ‴ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ㛵ࡍࡿពぢࡢ┦㐪ࡀ ᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୧ᅜࡶ࠾࠸ࡢᑐ❧ࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡋࡓ ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥୰㛫ࡢ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ☜ᐇᛶࢆ⏕ࡴせᅉ࡞ࡾࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡑࡢ⤒῭ຊࢆ Ṋჾྎ‴ࢆ⮬ᅜࡢໃຊᅪᘬࡁධࢀࡼ࠺┠ㄽࡳ⥆ࡅࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ ࣡ࣝࢻ࣮࢝ࢻࡣࠊពᅗⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣഅⓎⓗ࡞ࢧࣂ࣮ୖࡢࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡛ࡍࠋ 6. ྎ‴㸸ྎ‴ࡣ୰ᅜࡢࠕࡢ่ࡉࡗࡓ㦵ࠖࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ⮬༊ᇦ࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢẸⓗࣃ࣮ࢺ ࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ྎ‴ᾏᓙࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣ⡿୰㛫ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⾪✺ࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋྎ‴⤒῭ࡣሀㄪ࡛ࠊྠᅜ࡛ࡣᢡ୰ᅜᑐ❧ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ᕷሙᚿྥࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡿ ഴྥࡀᙉࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᖹⓗྎ‴ࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡓࡵࠊྎ‴ࡢ⤒῭ⓗࡘ ࡞ࡀࡾࡢᵓ⠏ὀຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ㠃ࡣ୰ᅜࡀࡇࡢᡓ␎ࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡶࡢணࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ௨እࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1㸧ྎ‴ࡀ୰ᅜࡢឤࢆ㈙࠸ࠊࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡲࡓࡣ㌷ᨷᧁ ࢆཷࡅࡿࠊ2㸧୰ᅜࡀ⤒῭ᡓ␎ࡋࡧࢀࢆษࡽࡋࠊࡑࡢࡢᡭẁ㌿ࡍࡿࠊ3㸧⡿ᅜࡀ ྎ‴Ᏻಖ㞀ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸦᥍࠼ࡵぢ࡚ࡶ㸧୰ᅜᑐࡍࡿᩛᑐⓗ࡞Ỵ᩿㋃ࡳษ ࡿࠊ࡞ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋྎ‴ࡣୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿせ࡞ࣇ࢛ࣝࢺࣛࣥ㸦ᩥ᫂㛫 ࡢ᩿ᒙ⥺㸧࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢぢ㏻ࡋࡣࠊ⌧≧⥔ᣢ࡛ࡍࠋ 7. ࢱ㸸ࢱ࡛ࡣࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࡀ⤯࠼㛫࡞ࡃⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2006 ᖺࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊ 2008 ᖺ㹼2010 ᖺ 2013 ᖺ㹼2014 ᖺࡣᨻ༴ᶵぢ⯙ࢃࢀࠊ2014 ᖺࡣᗘࢡ࣮ࢹ ࢱ࣮ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢱࡢᨻࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㠀ᖖ⬤ᙅ࡛ࡍࠋྠᅜࡣࡘ࡚ࢪࡢᕼ ᮃࡢᫍࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᨻၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿ㏱᫂ᛶࡢᙳ㡪ࡽ⤒῭ࡣᚋ㏥ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ᚋࡢ㌷ᨻᶒࡣ⤒῭㔜どࡢጼໃࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏳᐃ࡞ᨻయ ไᛴ㏿࡞ᶒຊ⛣⾜ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢫ࣒ࣛᩍᚐࡀఫࡴࠊⓎᒎ ࡀ㐜ࢀࡓ༡㒊࡛ࡣࠊᨻᗓໃຊࡢάືࡶάⓎ࡛ࡍࠋࢱࡀ࠸ࡲ୍ᗘୡ⏺ࡢᕷሙ࡛㍤ࡁࢆ ྲྀࡾᡠࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣつᶍ࡞ᨻᨵ㠉ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 8. ࣥࢻࢿࢩ㸸⤒῭ᡂ㛗ᨻᏳᐃࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࣥࢻࢿࢩࡣࠊ᪂⯆ᅜࡢᡂຌᗈࡃ ཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᅜࡣࢪ࢙࣐࣭ࢫ࣑ࣛࡼࡿࢸࣟࡢ⬣ጾࢆ㏥ࡅࡿࡇᡂ ຌࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢳ࢙ᕞࡸࣃࣉᕞ࡛ࡣ⊂❧㐠ືࡀ⥆ࡁࠊࣜࢫࢡせᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱㏆ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࡛ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸⤫㡿ࡀ㑅ฟࡉࢀࠊᚋࡢᨵ㠉ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ ᅜྠᵝࠊࢩࣜࡢእᅜே㒊㝲࡛⩏ຬරࡋ࡚ᡓ㜚⾜Ⅽᦠࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓேࠎࡀᖐ㑏ࡍࢀ ࡤࠊࣥࢻࢿࢩᅜෆ࡛᪂ࡓ࡞ᭀຊࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ20 ᖺ๓ࡶྠᵝ ࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥࡽࡢ⩏ຬරࡢᖐ㑏ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋぢ㏻ࡋࡣᏳᐃⓗ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ ࡸࢱ࡞ᇦෆᅜࡢၥ㢟ࡀἼཬࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 9. ࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅ㸸ࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡢ⤫యไࡣࠊኳ↛㈨※ࢆ᭷ຠά⏝ࡋࡘࡘᅜෆࡢ♫ ⓗ࣭ᩥⓗ⥭ᙇࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡕࡽࡀᅽຊࢆཷࡅࢀࡤࣂࣛ ࣥࢫࡀᔂቯࡋࡲࡍࠋྠᅜࡣࠊᅜෆእ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㐣⃭ὴṊໃຊࡢ⬣ጾࡋࡤࡋࡤ┤㠃ࡋࠊ ࡲࡓ୰ᮾᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚㧗ࡲࡿࣛࣥࡢ㔝ᮃࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࣛࣥࡢ᰾༠㆟ ࡢ⤖ᯝḟ➨࡛ࡣࠊࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅ࡛Ᏻಖ㞀ୖࡢᠱᛕࡀ㧗ࡲࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢧ࢘ ࢪࣛࣅࡢෆᨻ࣭እᨻ⟇ࡣ⌧≧⥔ᣢ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1㸧ᅜෆࡢࡁ࡞⬣ጾࡀ⤫యไࢆ⬣ࡍࠊ2㸧ࣛࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣜࢆࡵࡄࡗ ࡚ࣛࣥࡢ⥭ᙇࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ௦⌮ᡓதࡽ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᑐ❧Ⓨᒎࡋࠊ᰾㛤Ⓨࡾฟࡍྍ ⬟ᛶࠊ3㸧⡿ᅜࣛࣥࡢ᰾ၥ㢟ࢆዎᶵࠊࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅ࡛⮬⏤ࡀ㐍ࡴࠊ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾ 14 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡲࡍࠋࢩࣜ࠾ࡼࡧࣛࢡ࠾࠸࡚㐣⃭⩏ᅜᐙࡀᣑࡍࢀࡤࠊࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡢᣦᑟ ⪅ࡸ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛵㐃ࡢࣥࣇࣛタࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿࣜࢫࢡࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 10. ࣛࣥ㸸ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜ㝿♫࠾ࡅࡿỌ㐲ࡢ᭱ୗᒙᅜᐙࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ࠶ࡗࡓࣛࣥࡶࠊᏙ ❧≧ែࡽ⬺ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࣛࣥࡢ᰾༠㆟ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣពぢࡀࡁࡃ ᑐ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ༠㆟ࡣ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ༠㆟ࡀỴ╔ࡍࢀࡤࠊᕷሙࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ྥ ࡁࡃືࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᰾༠㆟ࡀྡ┠ୖࡢᡂຌࢆࡵࢀࡤࠊࣛࣥ㸦࠾ࡼࡧࣛࣥࡢಖ᭷ ࡍࡿ▼Ἔ㈨※㸧ࡀᚎࠎୡ⏺⤒῭ᖐࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ༠㆟ࡀኻᩋ⤊ ࢃࢀࡤࠊᑗ᮶ⓗ᰾タᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽࡢ⾜ືࡀࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣛࣥࡣࣛࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣜࡢ⣮தᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࣛࣥࡢᐖࡣࣛࢡ࡛ࡣ⡿ᅜ୍⮴ ࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊࢩ࡛ࣜࡣᑐ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡢ⬟ຊࡢྥୖࡣὀពࡀᚲ せ࡛ࠊࡉࡽࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛Ṋຊᨷᧁ㔠⼥ྲྀᘬࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗタ❧ࡉࢀࡓࢡࢵ ࢬࣇ࢛࣮ࢫࣄࢬ࣎ࣛ࠾ࡅࡿᖜᗈ࠸ࣛࣥேࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡶ⬣ጾ࡛ࡍࠋ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ ࣛࣥࡀᔂቯࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࣛࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣜෆࡢྠ┕ໃຊࢆࣛ ࣥࡀᨭࡍࢀࡤᆅᇦෆࡢᑐ❧⃭ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋ᰾༠㆟ࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᡂ ຌኻᩋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀྠ➼ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 11. ࣛࢡ㸸ࣛࢡࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡼࡗ࡚ࢁ࠺ࡌ࡚⤫୍ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ୍㒊ࡢண ࢆୖᅇࡿᅇຊࡶ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢேⅭⓗタ❧ࡉࢀࡓᅜᐙࡀ୕ࡘࡢໃຊศࡍ ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᚎࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ㐨➽ࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㏱࡛᫂ࡍࠋࣛࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ⡿ ᅜࡣ㒊ࡢໃຊࡢᧁ㏥ᙅయࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᏳᐃ࡞యไࡀ άࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢሙྜࠊࢡࣝࢻே⊂❧ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣᾘ⁛ࡋࡲࡍࠋໃ ຊࡀࣛࢡ㒊࠾ࡼࡧࢩࣜ༡す㒊࡛ᡂຌࢆ⥆ࡅࢀࡤࠊᚑ᮶ࡢయไࡢᖐࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣ పୗࡋࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛⤫ࡉࢀࡎࡁࡓᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࢫ࣒ࣛᅜࡀ⤫ᣓࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞㐣⃭⩏ ᅜᐙࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ୰ᮾᆅᇦࡢࢇࡍ࡚ࡢᅜࡗ࡚⬣ጾ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⤫୍⥔ᣢࡢ☜⋡ࡀศࢆୖᅇࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊศࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᚎࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋḢ⡿࡛ ࣛࢡேࡼࡿつᶍ࡞ࢸࣟᨷᧁࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊྠᅜࡢ⾜᪉ࡶࡲࡓᵝኚࢃࡾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 12. ࢩࣜ㸸ࢩࣜෆᡓࡣᚋࡶ࠶ࡽࡺࡿព࠾࠸࡚୰ᮾࡢᑗ᮶ࢆ༨࠺ୖ࡛ࡢヨ㔠▼࡞ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢩࣜ࠾࠸࡚ໃຊࡀᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡓࡇࡀࠊࣛࢡ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ ࡢᡂຌࢆᣍࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ⩏ຬරࡀࢩࣜᨻᗓໃຊࡢእᅜே㒊㝲ὶධࡋࠊୡ⏺ࢆ Ᏻ㝗ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⩏ຬරࡢᖐ㑏ࡼࡾྛᅜࡢᏳࡀ⬣ࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࣟ ࢩ࠾ࡼࡧࣛࣥ࠸࠺ᙉຊ࡞ྠ┕ᅜࡢᨭࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࢧࢻᨻᶒࡣ⃭ࡋ࠸ᨷᧁࢆࡋࡢ࠸ ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚Ᏻᐃࢆồࡵࡿኌࡀ⮬⏤ᡴࡕࡕࠊࢧࢻᨻᶒࡧὶࢀࡀഴࡁࡘࡘ ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋඛ⾜ࡁࡣ」㞧࡛ࠊ1㸧⌧ᅾࡢᅜቃෆ࡛Ᏻᐃࠊ2㸧ࢻࣝ ࣮ࢬὴࠊࢡࣝࢻேࠊࢫࣥࢽὴࠊࢩ࣮ὴࡀศ㞳⊂❧ࠊ3㸧࡞ᔂቯෆᡓ㛗ᮇࠊ࡞ ࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ୍㒊ศ࠾ࡼࡧᮾ㒊ࡢෆᡓ⥅⥆ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࣚࣝࢲࣥࠊ ࣞࣂࣀࣥࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࢺࣝࢥࡶࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡀཬࡪྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 13. ࢞ࢨ㸸࢞ࢨᆅ༊࡛ࡣࠊᖾ࡞ࡇࠊࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࣁ࣐ࢫࡢ⾪✺ࡀ᪥ᖖⓗⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋேᶒ≧ἣࡀ༴ࡪࡲࢀࠊࡲࡓᅜ㝿♫ࡣࣁ࣐ࢫࡀᨭ≀㈨ࢆ㌷┠ⓗ࡛⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ᑐࡋ㦫វࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋᚋࡢࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1㸧5㹼10 㐌㛫ࡢᚋࠊࢫࣛ ࢚ࣝࡀ୍᪉ⓗᡓࠊ2㸧୧ໃຊࡶඃ❧ࡘࡇࢆ≺ࡗ࡚⣮தࡀ⥅⥆ࠊᇦෆࡢໃຊ ΰࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࠊ3㸧࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡲࡓࡣ⡿ᅜࡢ௰࡛ᡓྜពࠊ࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍࠋᘓᨭࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㏱࡛᫂ࡍࡀࠊ▷ᮇࡢ⾪✺ࡀ⥆ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 14. ࣚࣝࢲࣥᕝすᓊ㸸ࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼ⮬ᨻᗓࡣࣚࣝࢲࣥᕝすᓊࢆ⟶㎄ࡋࠊ࢞ࢨᆅ༊࠾ࡅࡿࣁ ࣐ࢫࡣ␗࡞ࡿᡓ␎ࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ⮬ᨻᗓࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽࡀᏳᐃ࡞≧ἣ 15 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢞ࢨᆅ༊࡛ࡢಙ⏝ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ₯ᅾⓗࣁ࣐ࢫࡢໃຊࢆᙅࡵ ࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ⮬ᨻᗓࡣࣁ࣐ࢫࡶࢫ࢚ࣛࣝ❧ࡕྥࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࢀࡼࡗ࡚ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࣃࣞࢫࢳࢼ⮬ᨻᗓࡢ㛵ಀࡣ෭࠼㎸ࡳࡲࡍࡀࠊ┠ୗࡢࡇࢁࠊ ࣚࣝࢲࣥᕝすᓊṊຊࡀᗈࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 15. ࣌ࣝࢩࣕ‴ᓊㅖᅜ㸸࣌ࣝࢩࣕ‴ᓊࡢせ࡞⏘Ἔᅜ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᭱ࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡣࠊ ᅜෆせᅉ࡛ࡍࠋಖᏲὴໃຊ㏆௦ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿໃຊࡢ㛫ࡢ⥭ᙇࡽ୧⪅ࡢ᩿⤯ࡣ῝ࡲࡾࠊ ⌧ᅾࡢ⤫యไࡀ༴㝤ࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣐࣮࢜ࣥࡸࣂ࣮࣮ࣞࣥࠊࢡ࢙࢘ ࣮ࢺ࡞ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࡍ࡛Ẹ㐠ືࡶ㉳ࡇࡾࠊ⦆ࡸ࡞ᨻᨵ㠉ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᑠつᶍ࡞ࡀࡽ㔠⼥ࡢ୰ᚰᆅࡋ࡚ࡢᆅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡘࢀࠊつไࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚Ḣ⡿ᨻᗓࡢ ㌵㎚ࡶ⏕ࡌࠊᕷሙࡸ㈨⏘ᙳ㡪ࡀཬࡪྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡍ ࡀࠊ୍㒊ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࡼࡾ㐣⃭⩏ⓗ࡞࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒㐠ືᒅ᭹ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㝖ࡍ ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ 16. ࢚࣓ࣥ㸸࢚࣓ࣥࡣ㈨※ࡢḞஈ㐣⃭⩏ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ‴ᓊㅖᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨※ᜨࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢚࣓࡛ࣥࡣỈࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㐲ࡽࡎ㈨※ࢆࡵࡄࡿத࠸ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⯙ྎࡢ୍ࡘ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋຍ࠼ ࡚ࠊྠᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࣝ࢝ࢲചୗࡢࢸࣟ⤌⧊㸦ࣛࣅ༙ᓥࡢࣝ࢝ࢲࠊAQAP㸧ࡣ ᭱㏆ࡲ࡛ࡣ⡿ᅜෆ࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡢ⬣ጾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋAQAP ࡣࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡶᶆ ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢚࣓࡛ࣥࡣࡘ࡚ෆᡓࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㈨※ࡢḞஈࡸ㐣⃭ὴ⤌⧊ࡢᏑᅾࡢᙳ 㡪ࡀࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡸ࣌ࣝࢩࣕ‴ᓊㅖᅜཬࡪྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 17. ࢚ࢪࣉࢺ㸸3 ᖺࢃࡓࡿᢠ㆟㐠ືࠊ㦁ࠊẸࠊᭀືࠊ࠾ࡼࡧෆᡓࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺ ࡣࢩ࣮ࢩ࣮⤫㡿ࡢୗࠊⴠࡕ╔ࡁࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ⤒῭࠾ࡼࡧ♫ ⓗ࣭ᩥⓗᇶ┙ࡢᘓࡣࡇࢀࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡁ࡞தⅬࡣࠊࡼࡾ୰ኸ㞟ᶒᆺࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ ࡿ⌧ᅾࡢᨻᶒࡀᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ㛫ࠊࢡ࣮ࢹࢱ࣮ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ⤒ࡓᕷẸࡽࡀᚸ⪏ࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࡣࡁ࡞ࣜࢫࢡࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆព ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 18. ࣜࣅ㸸ࣜࣅࡣࠊṊໃຊࡸẸර⤌⧊ࠊṊჾࡀ࠶ࡩࢀࡿ‽◚ࡓࢇᅜᐙ࡛ࡍࠋ⏘Ἔᅜ࡛ ࡍࡀࠊྠᅜࡢࣜࢫࢡᏳᐃᛶࢆ⫼ᬒࠊḢ⡿ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᴗࡢከࡃࡣࡍ࡛ᶒ┈ࢆ ༷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⤫ᘓࡢ㐨ࡣᅔ㞴࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣜࣅࡢᑗ᮶㛵ࡍ ࡿࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1㸧‽◚ࡓࢇᅜᐙࡋ࡚⌧≧ࡢࡲࡲᏑ⥆ࡍࡿࠊ2㸧ࡉࡽศࡍࡿࠊ 3㸧Ẹර⤌⧊ࡀᡓ࠾ࡼࡧᬻᐃᨻᶒࡢ΅ྜពࡍࡿࠊࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊṊໃຊࡀᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࣝࢪ࢙ࣜࠊ࢚ࢪࣉࢺࠊࢫ࣮ࢲࣥࠊࢳࣗ ࢽࢪࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ༡Ḣὶධࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ἴཬຠᯝࡀ┿ࡢ⬣ጾ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ 19. ࢺࣝࢥ㸸ࢺࣝࢥࡣすὒ᮲⣙ᶵᵓ㸦NATO㸧ࡢຍ┕ᅜ࡛ࠊ༡㒊ࡢṊຊໃຊࡢἼཬࠊ 㞴Ẹࡢὶධࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀᚎࠎ῝้ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢺࣝࢥ㌷ࡣ㐣ཤᩘ༑ ᖺࢃࡓࡾẸ⩏ࡢ㜵Ἴሐࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ㏆ᖺࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᯟ⤌ࡳ ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 10 ᪥⾜ࢃࢀࡿึࡢ┤᥋㑅ᣲ࡛ࡣࠊ⊂⪅ࡢ࢚ࣝࢻࣥ㤳 ┦ࡀ⤫㡿ᙜ㑅ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྠᅜࡢᨻ࣭⤒῭ࡀᏳᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ ᪂ᪧࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋEU ຍ┕⏦ㄳࡀኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࠊࢺࣝࢥࡣᑗ᮶㛵ࡋ࡚すὒ 㸦Ḣᕞࠊ⡿ᅜ㸧ᮾὒ㸦୰ᮾࠊ୰ᅜ㸧ࡢࡕࡽࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡁ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᝎࡲࡉࢀ ࡿ୍᪉ࠊಖᏲὴໃຊ㏆௦ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿໃຊ࠸࠺┦ࡍࡿໃຊࡢࡣࡊࡲ࡛ⱞ㜚ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡢᑐ❧ࡼࡾ♫ࡀ୍ẁከᴟࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᨻᗓ㐠ືࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜෆࡢ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡸ༡㒊࡛ᅜቃࢆ᥋ࡍࡿࢩࣜࡢᏑᅾࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊぢ ㏻ࡋࡣᴟࡵ࡚㏱࡛᫂ࡍࠋ 16 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 20. ࢼࢪ࢙ࣜ㸸ࢼࢪ࢙ࣜࡣࣇࣜ࢝᭱ࡢ⤒῭つᶍࢆ᭷ࡋࠊせ࡞ཎἜ㍺ฟᅜ㸦ୡ ⏺➨ 5 㸧࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㒊つᶍ࡞ᢠໃຊࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᗓໃຊࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿ ࣎ࢥ࣭ࣁ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡸ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㛵㐃タࢆᨷᧁࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡕࠊࡲࡓᨷᧁࡢពḧ ࡶ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊάືࡢ༙ࡣࡑࢀ௨እࡢሙᡤ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊ300 ேࡢዪඣࢆㄏᣂࡍࡿ࡞ ࡢ௳ࡶ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᨻᗓໃຊࡀᨻᗓࡢ㌿そࡸᅜᐙࡢศࢆᣍࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣ ప࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊேࠎࡢ⏕άࢆᅔ❓ࡉࡏࠊ⤒῭ࡢὶືࢆΰࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀᙼࡽࡢ㛗ᮇᡓ␎࡛ ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 21. ࢫ࣮ࢲࣥ㸸ࢫ࣮ࢲࣥࡣኳ↛㈨※ᜨࡲࢀࡓᅜ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠᅜࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭ཧ ຍࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁேᶒၥ㢟ࡀไ⣙࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2011 ᖺ༡ࢫ࣮ࢲࣥࡢ⊂❧ࢆၥ ࠺ఫẸᢞ⚊ࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆ࠊࡦ࠸ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௨๓ࡢ⣮தࡣࠊᾘ ⪖ࡶ⤊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅇࡶྠᵝࡢ㐨ࢆࡓࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 22. ࢯ࣐ࣜ㸸ࢯ࣐ࣜࡣࢸࣟࣜࢬ࣒ᾏ㈫⾜Ⅽࡢࡲࢇᘏࡍࡿ◚ࡓࢇᅜᐙ࡛ࠊ㐺ṇ࡞ᨻᗓࡢ ᶞ❧ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋᅜᐙࡣࡍ࡛ศࡋࠊࢯ࣐ࣜࣛࣥࢻࡢ‽⮬༊ࡀྠᅜ㒊ࢆᕦࡳ⤫ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣝ࢝ࢲ㛵㐃ࡢᨻᗓໃຊࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࢆྵࡴᩘ༑ேࡢḢ⡿ேࡀᅾ ⡠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊḢ⡿ྛᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣟࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣࢯ࣐ࣜ࠾ࡅ ࡿᭀຊࡀ࢘࢞ࣥࢲࡸࢣࢽ࡞ࡢ㏆㞄ㅖᅜἼཬࡋࠊᅜቃ≢ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㏆ࠎ ࢯ࣐ࣜࡀ⌧ᅾࡢ≧ἣࡽᢤࡅฟࡍࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡋࡣࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 23. ࢧࣁࣛ◁₍௨༡ࡢࣇࣜ࢝㸸⤒῭ᑐࡍࡿ㧗࠸ᮇᚅࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊở⫋ࡸ⎔ቃࠊேཱྀືែࠊ ࠾ࡼࡧᩥⓗ࡞ไ⣙ࡀ⤒῭ࡢⓎᒎࢆ㜼ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋᗈ࡞㡿ᅵࡢ୰ⱝ࠸ேཱྀࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ ୍᪉ࠊ㞠⏝ᶵࡣ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀᚋ㌵㎚ࢆ⏕ࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࣇࣜ࢝ࢧࣁࣛ௨༡ࡢ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢቃ⏺⥺ࢆ⬣ࡍ⾜Ⅽࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐦ㍺ࢿࢵࢺ࣡ ࣮ࢡࠊᭀຊⓗࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࠊேࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ṋჾࡀ୧⪅ࡢ㛫ࢆ⾜ࡁ᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ ࣇࣜ࢝࠾ࡼࡧࢧࣁࣛ௨༡ࡢ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢ୍㒊ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㌟௦㔠┠ⓗࡢㄏᣂࡶၥ㢟࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᆅᇦࡣྂࡃࡽࠕࢧࣁࣛ௨༡ࡢ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠖ༊ศࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࡛ࡣࡉࡽᮾࣇࣜ࢝ࠊすࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ୰ኸࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ༡ࣇࣜ࢝࠸࠺ᆅᇦ༊ ศศࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ␗࡞ࡿၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋዲᮦᩱࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࣜ ࢫࢡࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 24. ࣟࢩ㸸ࣟࢩࡢ࢘ࢡࣛࢼ㡿ࢡ࣑ࣜ༨㡿ࡼࡾࠊ1930 ᖺ௦ࡢグ᠈ࡀࡼࡳࡀ࠼ࡾࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ࢘ࣛࢪ࣮࣑࣭ࣝࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡣ 2000 ᖺ௨᮶ᨻᶒ㐠Ⴀᡂຌࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ᠇ἲୖ ࡣᚋࡶ 10 ᖺࢃࡓࡾᨻᶒࡢᗙࡲࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࣟࢩࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ⏘ᴗ ᑟ࡛㧗࠸⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࠊ≉࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚すḢᙳ㡪ຊࢆཬࡰ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡶ⤊ࢃࡾࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ⤌⧊≢⨥ࡸࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ࡞ࡢ‽ᨻ ᗓ⤌⧊ࡢၥ㢟ࡶ㌵㎚ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣂࣝࢺㅖᅜࠊ୰ᮾࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ୰ኸࢪㅖᅜࡶ ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞⣮தࡢⅆ✀࡞ࡾᚓࡲࡍࠋࣟࢩᑐࡍࡿไࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡉฟ࡚࠸ ࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᚋࡶ⦆ࡸ࡞ไࡀ⥆ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣟࢩ㛵ࡍࡿࢸ࣮ࣝࣜࢫࢡ ࡣࠊࡼࡾཝࡋ࠸ไࡀ⛉ࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᴗάືࡸᡤ᭷ᶒࡀᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㸧ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⡿ᅜ ࡼࡿไࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡣࠊ1㸧㛗ᮇⓗ ࡞⥭ᙇࡀ㠀⏕⏘ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࣉ࣮ࢳࣥࡀㄆ㆑ࡋࠊែᗘࢆᨵࡵࡿࠊ2㸧ࣟࢩࡀ⌧ᅾࡢၥ 㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ༴ᶵࢆᣍࡃࡇ࡞ࡃ΅ࡼࡿゎỴࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿࠊ3㸧ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᭀຊࠊࢼࢩࣙ ࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭ⓗᨭ㓄ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ᅜᐙࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࠊ࡞࡛ࡍࠋ࢘ࢡࣛࢼ ᮾ㒊ࢆࡵࡄࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ΅ࡣໃຊࢆቑᙉࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㛫✌ࡂ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡃࠊᚋࡶఱࡶ ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ែࡀணࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡢணࡀ㛫㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㢪࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 25. ࢘ࢡࣛࢼ㸸࢘ࢡࣛࢼࡣḢᕞ࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ⅆ✀࡛ࠊከࡃࡢ▩┪ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ෭ ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ࢘ࢡࣛࢼࡢṔྐࡣࠊ⤌⧊≢⨥ở⫋そࢃࢀࠊすὒ᮲⣙ᶵᵓ㸦NATO㸧 17 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡢຍ┕ࡀ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣟࢩࡀࢡ࣑༙ࣜᓥ࠾ࡼࡧ࢘ࢡ ࣛࢼᮾ㒊ࢆไᅽࡍࡿ୰ࠊすഃㅖᅜࡣᏳᐃ࡞≧ἣ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࢩࢼ ࣜ࢜ࡣࠊ1㸧⌧≧⥔ᣢࠊ࢘ࢡࣛࢼᮾ㒊ࡢᅜቃ㏆࡛ࡣࣟࢩࡢத࠸ࡀ⥆ࡃࠊ2㸧ែ ࡀᝏࡋࠊࣟࢩࡣே㐨ⓗᠱᛕ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢘ࢡࣛࢼࡢ⤫ࡢḞዴࢆ⌮⏤ධࡢᚲせᛶ ࢆッ࠼ࡿࠊ3㸧ࡢ฿᮶ࡶḢᕞࡀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᅔ❓ࡋࠊ࢘ࢡࣛࢼၥ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ࣟ ࢩࡢពྥࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࠊ4㸧ࣟࢩࡀᖹ΅ࢆᑟࡋࠊ࢘ࢡࣛࢼᮾ㒊࠾ࡼࡧࢡ࣑ࣜ ༙ᓥࢆ᩿ᛕࡍࡿぢ㏉ࡾࡋ࡚㔠㖹⿵ൾࢆᙇࡍࡿࠊ࡞࡛ࡍࠋḢ⡿ㅖᅜࡼࡿࡶ࠺୍ ẁࡢධࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࢘ࢡࣛࢼࡀ⤫୍ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࣟࢩࡣ ࢡࣛࢼࡢศᢿ㌴ࢆࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ධࢆṇᙜࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡶぢ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁḢ⡿ㅖᅜࡢᑐᛂࡣ✜ࡸ࡞ࡶࡢࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊไ ᥐ⨨ࡢⓎື㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡀࡋࡤࡽࡃ⥆ࡁࠊ༴ᶵࡶᙜ㠃⥅ ⥆ࡍࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 26. ࣂࣝࢺㅖᅜ㸸ࣂࣝࢺㅖᅜࡣすὒ᮲⣙ᶵᵓ㸦NATO㸧ຍ┕ᅜ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᪧࢯ㐃ࡢ୍㒊࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊࣟࢩ⣔ఫẸࡶከࡃఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ୍㒊ᆅᇦࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣟࢩࡀዣ㑏ࢆ≺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࣟࢩࡼࡿすഃㅖᅜᑐࡍࡿ᭱ࡶ㔜࡞┤᥋ⓗ࡞ᣮᡓࡶ࡞ ࡾᚓࡿែ࡛ࠊすഃㅖᅜࡣཝࡋ࠸㑅ᢥࢆ㏕ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࢘ࢡࣛࢼၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡀぢࡽ ࢀ࡞࠸୰࡛ࠊࣟࢩࡀ NATO ຍ┕ᅜࢆᶆⓗࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡀ⮬ᅜ ᭷ാࡃࣟࢩࡀ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤྍ⬟ᛶࡀࡃ࡞࠸ヂ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ⡿ᅜࡣࣂࣝ ࢺㅖᅜ㛵ࡍࡿ㌷㈝ࡢቑ㢠ࢆ᫂ゝࡋ࡚㆙࿌ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰ᮇⓗࡣࠊࣂࣝࢺㅖᅜ ᑐࡍࡿ⬣ጾࡣ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡼࡾࡣ⬣ጾࡢࡲࡲࡲࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊᮾ Ḣㅖᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ㐣ཤࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡢ⤒⦋㚷ࡳࢀࡤࠊṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ࠸࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㝖 ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 27. ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ㸸࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣᮾḢすḢࡢ୰㛫⨨ࡍࡿᡓ␎ⓗ࡞ᅜᐙ࡛ࠊᮾഃㅖᅜ ࡗ࡚ࡣᚰእ࡞ࡇࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊྠᅜࡣすഃࡢ୍ဨ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢯ㐃ᔂቯ┤ᚋࠊ ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢඹ⏘ඪᮏ㒊ࡣドๆྲྀᘬᡤ⏕ࡲࢀኚࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣࣇ࢞ࢽࢫ ࢱࣥࡢ㌷సᡓ࡛ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿ࡞ࠊNATO ຍ┕ᅜࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛㧗࠸ホ౯ࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠾ ࡾࠊࣟࢩࡢ࢘ࢡࣛࢼᑐࡍࡿ⾜ືࢆྠᅜࡀ㠀㞴ࡋࡓࡇࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊࣟࢩࡣ࣏࣮ࣛ ࣥࢻ⏘ࡢᯝ≀ࡢ㍺ධ⚗Ṇࡢᥐ⨨㋃ࡳษࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢ㠃࡛ࡣᴫࡡⰋዲ࡛ ࡍࡀࠊ άẼࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋࡓࣟࢩࡢᦶ᧿ࡀ㧗ࡌࢀࡤࠊ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡣᅽຊࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 28. すḢ㸸ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡸ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡞୍㒊ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊ㏆௦⮬⏤Ẹ⩏ࡀࢫ࣒ࣛᩍཎ⌮⩏ ⾪✺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺㔠⼥༴ᶵࡢᚋ㑇ࡽࠊⱥᅜ࡛ࡣ EU 㞳⬺㛵ࡍࡿᅜẸᢞ⚊ࢆ ᳨ウࡍࡿኌࡶୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࠊ࣋ࢿࢳࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕࡢ ᭷ᶒ⪅ࡣ⊂❧ࡢᕼᮃࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊⱝᖺᒙࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ኻᴗ⋡ࡢ㧗 ࡉࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫ࡞୍㒊ࡢᅜ࡛ྑഴࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ຺ࡍࡿࠊ࣮ࣘࣟ㏻㈌ࡢ ᡓ␎ⓗ࡞Ꮡ⥆ࡶ☜ᐇࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ 29. ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜ㸸ࢯ㐃ᔂቯᚋ⮬⏤Ẹ⩏㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢ⛣⾜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࡢᅜ࡛ࡶ୍㒊 ぢࡽࢀࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜࡣ౫↛ࠊ୰㏵༙➃࡞≧ែ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྠᅜࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ ࣟࢩࡢ㏣㝶ࢆᚿྥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ㒊ศⓗ⮬⏤㈨ᮏ⩏ࢆᣄ⤯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ౯᱁ ୖ㝈ไࡸ≉ᐃࡢᴗ⏺ᑐࡍࡿㄢ⛯࡞ࡢᨻ⟇ࡀ⤒῭⏺ࢆᅽ㏕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅜ᭷ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᅜࡀ᪉㔪ࢆ㌿ࡋ⮬⏤㈨ᮏ⩏ྥ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ ࡀ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣపࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ 30. ୰༡⡿㸸୰༡⡿࡛ࡣ㈨ᮏ⩏♫⩏ࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡀ➇ྜࡋࠊࡉࡽࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ ࣒ࡸ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒⾪✺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰༡⡿ㅖᅜࡣᑗ᮶ྥࡅ࡚㐍㊰ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ 18 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ⤫ࣔࢹࣝࡸ౯್ほ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྛᅜࡀෆᨻᑓᛕࡍࡿ୰ࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ ᑐࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥ࡞ࡁ࡞ᑐ❧㛵ಀࡣᢚไࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୰⡿࡛ࡣࠊ㯞⸆ྲྀᘬࡀࡽ ࡳࡢᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡀ㢖Ⓨࡍࡿ࡞ᅜ㝿≢⨥⤌⧊㛵ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ᫂ⓑ࡛ࠊ㔠⼥ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ࡣᏳᐃ࡞≧ἣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ10 ᖺࡶࢃࡓࡾᭀຊⓗ࡞ᨻᗓάືࢆ⧞ࡾᗈࡆ࡚ࡁࡓ ࡘ࡚ࡢ࣮࣌ࣝࡢᕥ⩼ࢸࣟ⤌⧊ࢭࣥࢹ࣭࣑ࣟࣝࣀࢯࡢඖ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡓࡕࡀࠊฮᮇࢆ⤊࠼࡚ 㔘ᨺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍㒊ࡢᅜ࡛ࡣ㌟௦㔠┠ⓗࡢㄏᣂࡀ౫↛ࡋ࡚ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ௳ ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁప࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅜ㝿≢⨥⤌⧊㛵㐃ࡢở⫋ࡸᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ Ᏻᐃ࡞ᅜෆᨻࢆ⫼ᬒࠊ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡣไ⣙ࡉࢀࠊྛᅜ࠾ࡼࡧྛᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ࣜࢫࢡࡀ⏕ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 31. ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ㸸ᅜ≀ㄒࠋ୍᪉࡛ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣዲㄪࡢ⥆ࡃ᪂⯆ᕷሙᅜ࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜ㞄᥋ࡍࡿ ࠸࠺ᆅ⌮ⓗ᮲௳ࡶᜨࡲࢀ࡚⤒῭ࡢࣇࣥࢲ࣓ࣥࢱࣝࢬࡣሀㄪࠊࡁ࡞ᡂ㛗ࡀᮇᚅࡉ ࢀࡲࡍࠋ᪉ࠊ♫ⓗࡣࠊ㯞⸆ࡀࡽࡳࡢᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡸở⫋ࡢࡲࢇᘏᝎࡲࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ⫼ ᬒࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚⡿ᅜྥࡅࡓ㯞⸆ྲྀᘬࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ▩┪ࡢゎᾘࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ㄢ㢟࡛ ࡍࠋ᪂ᨻᶒ⛣⾜ᚋࡣᭀຊ⾜Ⅽࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᅜ㝿≢⨥⤌⧊ࡣᅜෆ῝ࡃ᰿࠸࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋྠᅜࡣᅜෆࡢᡂ㛗ᨵ㠉ὀຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ≢⨥ࡣ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⃭ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡀ࠸ࡎࢀᅜෆࡢᏳ⤫ࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡾ㉸࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠸࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࡀࠊᭀຊάືࡀ⇞ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡸᅜෆࡢ㦁ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ ࡞⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ ࡞⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡣࡁ࡞ࢸ࣮ࣝࣜࢫࢡࡀᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ 32. ࣈࣛࢪࣝ㸸ࣈࣛࢪࣝࡣ₯ᅾⓗࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸ᒎᮃࢆᣢࡘࠊάẼ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠᅜ࡛ࡣ࣏ࣆ ࣗࣜࢫࢺᨻࡀᕷሙᑟࡢᨵ㠉ࢆ㜼ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2013 ᖺ 2014 ᖺࡣࠊW ᮼࡢ㈈ᨻ ᨭฟࡸ㕲㐨㐠㈤࡞㛵ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡀᘬࡁ㔠࡞ࡾᭀືࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ2014 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 5 ᪥ࡣ⤫㡿㑅ᣲࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙜ㠃ࠊᭀືࡀࡉࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ఱࡽࡢฟ᮶ࡼࡗ࡚ᨻࡢ㢼ྥࡁࡀኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊࢪ࣐࣭ࣝࣝࢭࣇ⤫㡿ࡀ㑅 ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㛗ᮇⓗࡣࠊ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢫࢺᨻࡀᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡿ࡛ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ♫⩏ࡢᛴ㌿ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⮬⏤ᕷሙࡸእᅜ㈨ ᮏࡼࡿᜠᜨࡀ㠀ᖖࡁ࠸ࡇࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ♫⩏ࡢ㌿ ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᰾රჾࡢ㔝ᚰ࠾ࡼࡧࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡢ㌷ᣑ➇தࡣ 1991 ᖺ⤊↉ࡋࠊ୧ᅜࡢ㛵ಀࡣࡑࡢᚋⰋዲ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 33. ࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥ㸸ࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡣ 2002 ᖺࡢമົᒚ⾜㛵㐃ࡋࡓၥ㢟౫↛ᝎࡲࡉࢀࠊ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᕷሙࡢ∦㝮ࢁ࠺ࡌ࡚ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡘ ࡘࡶࠊࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡁ࡞༴ᶵࢆࡾ㉸࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊᚋࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃែࡀᨵ ၿྥ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢ༡⡿ㅖᅜྠᵝࠊᅜෆᨻ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ♫ ⩏ࠊ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢ⾪✺ࡀ⥆ࡃぢ㎸ࡳ࡛ࠊ◚ቯⓗ࡞ᭀືࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣᖖ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ മົ๐ῶ⟇⤒῭ᨵ㠉ࡀ㐍ᒎࡍࢀࡤᆅᨻᏛୖ㠀ᖖ᫂ࡿ࠸ᮦᩱ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊゎỴࡢኻ ᩋࡀ⥆ࡅࡤ࣐ࢼࢫせᅉཷࡅṆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 34. ࢥࣟࣥࣅ㸸ᨻᗓໃຊ࠾ࡼࡧ㯞⸆ᐦேࡢᩘ༑ᖺࢃࡓࡿᡓ࠸ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅ ㌿ᶵࡀゼࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡔㄢ㢟ࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊἲᚊᏳᙜᒁᑟࡢάື ࡀᡂᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᘓ⤫㛵ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡀ᰿ࡁࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅ ࡀᚋⰋ࠸᪉ྥ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊFARC㸦ࢥࣟࣥࣅ㠉 ㌷㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㯞⸆ᐦ⤌⧊ࡢάࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡸࠊṊຊᢠࢆᥦၐࡍࡿ♫⩏ࢹ࢜ࣟ ࢠ࣮࡞ࠊࢲ࢘ࣥࢧࢻࣜࢫࢡࡣṧࡾࡲࡍࠋ㌟௦㔠┠ⓗࡢㄏᣂࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢゎ Ỵࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊ୍㒊ࡢእᅜேᢞ㈨ᐙࢆྠᅜࡽ㐲ࡊࡅࡿせᅉ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⡿ᅜࡣࢥ ࣟࣥࣅࡢάࢆᨭࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊែࡀᝏࡋࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶᙉຊ࡞ᨭ⪅࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ࡛ 19 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢲ࢘ࣥࢧࢻࣜࢫࢡࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟ࡣᨵၿࡢ᪉ྥྥࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 35. ࣋ࢿࢬ࢚ࣛ㸸 ࣋ࢿࢬ࢚ࣛࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ༡⡿᭱ࡢၥ㢟࡛ࠊ࢘ࢦ࣭ࢳࣕ࣋ࢫ⤫㡿ࡀ㏽ཤࡋ ࡓᚋࡶࠊ୍㒊ࡢேࠎࡀண㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᮇᚅ㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᨻ⟇ࡢᛴ㌿ࡣ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࢳࣕ࣋ࢫ๓⤫㡿ࡼࡿࠕ21 ୡ⣖ࡢ♫⩏ィ⏬ࠖࡣᐇࢆ⤖ࡤࡎࠊྠᅜṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ እᅜ㈨ᮏࡢ༙ࢆᾘ⪖ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋྠᅜࡣࠊปᝏ≢⨥ࠊᨻⰍࡢᙉ࠸㌷㝲㆙ᐹ ⤌⧊ࠊ⬤ᙅ࡞ᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ▼Ἔᴗ⏺ࡢ㐣ᗘࡢ౫Ꮡ࡞ᩘࠎࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᨻⓗ࡞ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤ⌧ᨻᶒࡢᡴಽࢆ≺ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡣ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⤒῭ࡣ⬤ᙅ࡛ࠊᵓ 㐀ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡶᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᨻᶒࡣẚ㍑ⓗຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ⌧≧⥔ᣢࡢྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࡰࡍ࡚ࡢேࡗ࡚ᖾ࡞≧ἣ࠸࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 36. ࣮࢟ࣗࣂ㸸⡿ᅜ⤫㡿 10 ேࡢ௵ᮇࡼࡾࡶ㛗࠸ࠊࡰ 60 ᖺࢃࡓࡾ⥆࠸ࡓ࢝ࢫࢺࣟᨻᶒ ࡶࠊ⤊ࢃࡾࢆ㏄࠼ࡲࡍࠋᨻⓗࡣ⡿ᅜࡢࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࡣᘬࡁ⥆ ࡁḢᕞࡸ࢝ࢼࢲࡽࡢ᪑⾜⪅ேẼࡢ᪑⾜ඛ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕእ⏺ࡽ㝸㞳ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ⤒῭ࡣ౫↛ࡋ࡚ᮍ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୰ᚰࡣ㎰ᴗ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢟ࣗ ࣮ࣂࡀ⮬⏤ᨵ㠉ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ╔ᡭࡍࢀࡤࠊ⤒῭≧ἣࡣᛴ㏿ኚࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ⛣⾜ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ⦆ࡸࡘ⟶⌮ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊ60 ᖺࢃࡓࡾ♫ ⩏ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢୗ࡛⤫ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆ຺ࡍࡿࠊࡇࢀࡣ᭱ၿࡢ㐨ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ ࢇࠋᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡣ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ࡶࡢࡀᐃࡉࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ⮬⏤ࡼࡾᭀືࡸ࣏ࣆࣗ ࣜࢫࢺᨻࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗ࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࡢ᪑⾜⪅ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍእ㈌ࡸ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࡢ ᢞ㈨ࢆ຺ࡋࠊ࣮࢟ࣗࣂࡀዲᮦᩱ࡞ࡿᡃࠎࡣணࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ᩿ゝࡍࡿ ࡣ࡞ࡾᮇᑦ᪩࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 37. ⡿ᅜ㸸༡㒊ࡢᅜቃࡣධࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࠊࡲࡓᅜෆࡢ㐣⃭ὴࡀᩘࠎࡢᑠつᶍ࡞௳ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇ ࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᅜẸࡣᡓத⑂ᘢࡋࠊୡ⏺ࡢၥ㢟ᑐࡋࢡࢸࣅࢫࢺࡋ࡚ࡢ ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇࡘ࠸࡚ᚎࠎᾘᴟⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁᑐࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡛ࠊ ≉㏦㓄㟁⥙ࡸ㔠⼥ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ≺ࡗࡓࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁᑐࡍࡿ⬤ᙅᛶࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㔜࡞ᠱ ᛕᮦᩱ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᚋࡶᑠつᶍࡢᅋయ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୍㒊ࡢ㒆㸦county㸧ࡀࡑ ࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿᕞ㸦࠼ࡤ࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽᕞ㸧ࡽ⊂❧ࡍࡿࡁࡔ࠸࠺ᙇࡀ⥆ࡃࡳࡽ ࢀࠊࣛࢫ࢝ᕞࡸࢸ࢟ࢧࢫᕞࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜࡽ⊂❧ࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦၐࡍࡿኌࡶ⥆ࡃ࡛ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࠊẼೃኚືࠊ࣊ࣝࢫࢣࠊ⤫ᶒࡢᙺࠊ⛣Ẹࠊ㖠つไࠊࡑࡢ ࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿၥ㢟ࡼࡾࠊᨻࡢከᴟࡀ⥆ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 38. ࣝ࢝ࢲࡑࡢศὴࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ㛵㐃⤌⧊㸸࢘ࢧ࣐࣭ࣅࣥࣛࢹࣥࡢṚᚋࠊࣝ࢝ࢲ ᑐࡋ࡚ᐉゝࡍࡿㄏᝨࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ࡇࢀࡣᮇᑦ᪩࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀド᫂ࡉࢀࡲ ࡋࡓࠋࣅࣥࣛࢹࣥࡢᙇࡋࡓᭀຊⓗࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡸࣝ࢝ࢲࡽὴ⏕ࡋࡓ⤌⧊ࡣࠊ ࡛ࡶᅜ㝿♫ࡢᝎࡳࡢ✀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨷᧁࡣᐇ㉁ⓗ࠸ࡘࡇ࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢᨻᗓ㤳⬻ࡽࡀ㆙ᡄࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡢᩘࡣῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ ࢁࠊ2010 ᖺ௨㝆ቑṪࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣝ࢝ࢲ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢศὴࡣࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥࠊࣝ ࢪ࢙ࣜࠊࣛࢡࠊࣜࣅࠊ࣐ࣜࠊ࣮ࣔࣜࢱࢽࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࠊࢯ࣐ࣜࠊࢩࣜࠊ࠾ ࡼࡧ࢚࣓ࣥᏑᅾࡋࠊ100 ࢝ᅜ௨ୖࡢᅜࡽಙዊ⪅ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣝ࢝ࢲࡢ ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡑࡢ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡣࠊࣛࣈࡢࡌ࡚ᡂຌࢆࡵࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑ ࡢ⬣ጾࡣ⓶⫗ࡶⱝᖸᙅࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣛࣈࡢࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓᨻⓗΰࡼࡾࠊᆅ ᇦ࡛άືࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊࠕ㏆ࡃࡢᩛࠖᡓ࠺㸧⤌⧊ࡢάືࡢሙࡀᗈࡀࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ ᯝࠕ㐲ࡃࡢᩛࠖࡍ࡞ࢃࡕḢ⡿ㅖᅜᑐࡍࡿᡓ࠸ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᕷሙ࡛ࡣࠊ ࢸࣟ⾜Ⅽࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀᴫࡡ⦆ࡸ⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊつᶍ࡞ᨷᧁ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㔞◚ 20 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ቯරჾࡼࡿᨷᧁࡀ㉳ࡇࢀࡤែࡣࡁࡃኚࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㔞◚ቯරჾࡼ ࡿᨷᧁࡢࣜࢫࢡࡣୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 39. ࢱࣜࣂ࣭ࣥࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ㸸2014 ᖺࡢ⡿ᅜࡢࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥ᧔㏥ࡣ㔜࡞࣋ࣥࢺ࡛ࠊ ṧ␃ࡍࡿ㒊㝲ࡢヲ⣽ࡣุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⡿ᅜࡀ᧔㏥ࡍࢀࡤࠊࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥᅜ ෆࡀࡧෆᡓ≧ែ㝗ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥᅜෆ࡛ࡣྛඪὴࡢᑐ❧ࡀ⥆ ࡁࠊࡲࡓᪧᨭ㓄ໃຊࡢࢱࣜࣂࣥࡶ౫↛ࡋ࡚ໃຊࢆࡾࠊᨭ㓄ࡢάࢆ┠ᣦࡍ‽ഛࢆࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡࡣࠊྠᅜࡢᢪ࠼ࡿつᶍ࡞㖔≀㈨※ᢞ㈨ࢆㄏ ⮴ࡍࡿィ⏬ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᙜ↛ࠊ࣐ࢼࢫせᅉ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᆺࡢ㖔ᒣᶵᲔࡣࠊࢸࣟάື ࠾࠸࡚ᐜ᫆ࡘ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᶆⓗ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ13 ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡿᡓதࢆ⤒࡚ࠊࢱࣜࣂࣥࡀ⡿ ᅜࡢ᧔㏥ࢆḼ㏄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⡿ᅜᧁࡍࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࠊᐃ࡛ ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢱࣜࣂࣥࡢ㛵ᚰࡣࣇ࢞ࢽࢫࢱࣥᅜෆ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࢱࣜࣂࣥࡀࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡢᅜቃࢆ⟶⌮࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣపࡃࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥࡣḢ⡿ࡢᨷ ᧁ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘᭀຊⓗ࡞ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡢ᧔㏥ࡼࡾࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ ᅜቃᆅᖏ࡛ࣜࢫࢡࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 40. ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ㸸ୡ⏺ࡢሗ࣮࢟ࢸࢡࢳࣕࡣࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆቑࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᅜᐙࠊ‽ᨻᗓ ⤌⧊ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧಶேࡗ࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㡿ᇦࡋ࡚ࠊࢧࣂ࣮✵㛫ࡀຍࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ DoS㸦ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫጉᐖ㸧ᨷᧁࡽᇶ┙ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࢡࣛࢵࢩࣗࡉ ࡏࡿつᶍ࡞✼┐⾜Ⅽ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᡓ⾡࠾ࡼࡧ┠ⓗࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛ࡍࠋࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁ ࡣࠊሗᑐࡍࡿࢡࢭࢫࢆไ㝈ࡋࠊሗࢆኚ᭦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྲྀᚓࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᑗ᮶ࡢᡓ தࢧࣂ࣮ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡀຍࢃࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࠊୡ⏺ࡢᅜࢆᶆⓗࡍࡿໃຊࡀ᭱ึࡢ ୍ᧁࡋ࡚ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࢆ⏝ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ㧗࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࢧࣂ࣮άືࡢ ༙ࡣࠊᅜᐙࡼࡾࡶୗࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࠊ࠼ࡤᨻࣁࢵ࣮࢝ࡸ⤌⧊≢⨥ࠊࢸࣟࣜࢫࢺ࡞ࡀ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮾḢࡸࢪࡽࡢࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁᑐࡍࡿᠱᛕࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࢧࣂ࣮රჾࡢᣑࡼࡾࠊᨷᧁࢆࡅࡿഃࡀ᫂ࡽ᭷࡞⨨❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㜵ᚚࡢቨࢆ㧗ࡃࡍࡿࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᏳ☜ಖࡣ༑ศ࡛ࠊィ⟬㏿ᗘࡢྥୖ ࣐࢙ࣝ࢘ࡢ㧗ᗘࡼࡾࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡢቨࡣࡼࡾᐜ᫆✺◚࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋ ࡓࠋᨷᧁഃࡀ㜵ᚚഃࡼࡾ᭷࡛࠶ࡿ⎔ቃࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࠊᮏ㉁ⓗᏳᐃ࡞ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ⎔ ቃ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋ㔜せ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑐࡍࡿࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡢࣜࢫࢡࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢧࣂ࣮ᨷ ᧁࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࿘ᅖᗈࡃἼཬࡋࡓࡾ」㞧࡞ኻᩋࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋᚋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡࡣᚎࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃணࡉࢀࠊᨷᧁࡢᶆⓗᛶ㉁ࡀ㈨ᮏᕷ ሙࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡁࡃᕥྑࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 2025 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᆅᨻᏛⓗ㇟㸸㔜࡞ᙳ㡪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗࠸☜⋡ࢆᣢࡘ㇟ 㔜࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ㇟㸸 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ᪥⡿୰ᅜࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ㡿ᅵၥ㢟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࢆࡵࡄࡿࡁ࡞ᑐ❧ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ࠾࠸࡚᰾ࢸࣟࡲࡓࡣ⏕≀රჾࢸࣟࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ ࢧࣂ࣮άືࡼࡾ㔠⼥ࠊ㟁ຊࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏻ಙࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀࢡࣛࢵࢩࣗࡍࡿ ༳ࣃ㛫࡛᰾ᡓதࡀຨⓎࡍࡿ ㈠᫆ಖㆤ⩏ࡀ୍ẁ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ྠ┕㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿ ୰ᮾ࠾ࡅࡿᆅࢆࡵࡄࡾࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࣛࣥࡀᡓத✺ධࡍࡿ ࣟࢩࡀ㡿ᅵᣑࢆ⥆ࡅࠊḢᕞࡢᑐ❧ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ ᮅ㩭ࡀ㡑ᅜࡢᡓதࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ 21 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 9. ୰༡⡿࡛ᗘ┠ࡢ᰾㌷ᣑ➇தࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ 10. ࣟࢩࡀ㡿ᅵᣑࢆ⥆ࡅࠊᅜ㐃ࡢᖖ௵⌮ᅜ 5 ࢝ᅜࡢయไࡀᔂቯࡍࡿ ☜⋡ࡢ㧗࠸㇟㸸 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ᮅ㩭ࡀ◚ࡓࢇࡋࠊ㡑ᅜ⤫ྜࡍࡿ ࣛࣥࡀ₯ᅾⓗ࡞᰾රჾ〇㐀⬟ຊࢆᡭධࢀࡿ ࣛࢡࢩࣜࡢᅜቃࡀኚࡍࡿ 㡿ᅵၥ㢟ࢆࡵࡄࡾࠊ୰ᅜࡀᑠつᶍࡢ㌷⾪✺ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ ༳ࣃ㛵ಀࡀᝏࡍࡿ ⡿ᅜࡢእᨻ⟇ࡀ୍ẁಖᏲ࣭Ꮩ❧⩏ࡍࡿ Ḣᕞ⤒῭ࡀపᡂ㛗ࡲࡿ ࢧࣂ࣮ᨷᧁࡀ࢚ࢫ࣮࢝ࣞࢺࡍࡿ ࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡀᏳᐃࡍࡿ ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢ≧ἣࡀዲ㌿ࡍࡿ ⤖ㄽ 21 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡࠾ࡼࡧ᪂ࡋ࠸ࠕୡ⏺⛛ᗎࠖࡢ⛣⾜ࡢ⥅⥆ࡼࡾࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡀ 㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢫࢡࡀ㈨ᮏᕷሙἼཬࡋࡓሙྜࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ⏒࡛ࡍࠋ㈨ᮏᕷሙཧ ຍࡍࡿᴗ࡛ࡣࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࢆᚭᗏⓗศᯒࡋࠊ㧗࠸▱ぢᇶ࡙ࡃࢥࣥࢸࣥࢪ࢙ࣥࢩ ࣮࣭ࣉࣛࣥ㸦⥭ᛴᑐᛂィ⏬㸧ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭷ຠ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡ ㇟ࡢⓎ⏕ࡼࡗ࡚ᕷሙࡀ୍ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡣࠊṔྐⓗࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅᨻᏛⓗࣜࢫࢡࡢศᯒ࠸࠺ࡢࡣసᴗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ࡁ࡞ᨵၿࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࠶ࡿ⤒㦂㇏࡞እᐁࡼࡿࠊࠕ㸦ᨻ⟇ࡣ㸧⥅⥆ⓗኚ ࡍࡿࠊேࢹࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ࠖࡍࠋᨻ⟇ỴᐃពᛮỴᐃࡣྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ ࢇࠋࠕᨻ⟇ࡣពぢࠊᡓ␎ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪉ྥឤᑐࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍᪉ࠊ≉ᐃࡢỴ᩿࠸࠺ ࡢࡣᮃࡲࡋ࠸᪉ྥ㐍ࡴࡓࡵࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ㐨➽࡛ࡍࠋࠖ5 ࡇࡢᛮ៖῝࠸ຓゝࡣࠊ㈨⏘㐠⏝ࡶᙜ࡚ ࡣࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋ 5 ࣁࣟࣝࢻ࣭ࢧࣥࢲ࣮ࢫ“What Really Happened in Bangladesh.”㸦㑥㢟௬ヂࠕࣂࣥࢢࣛࢹࢩ࡛ࣗᐇ㝿ఱࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࡢࠖ㸧ࠗࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࣜࣥࣇ࢙ ࣮ࢬ࠘1999 ᖺ 11/12 ᭶ྕ p.41 22 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Blank, Jonah. 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Mearsheimer, John. “Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin.” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2014). Rhodes, William. Banker to the World: Leadership Lessons from the Frontlines of Finance. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. Saunders, Harold. “What Really Happened in Bangladesh.” Foreign Affairs (July/August 2014). Sarotte, Mary E. “A Broken Promise? What the West Really Told Moscow About NATO Expansion.” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2014). Silver, Roxane, E. Alison Holman, Daniel N. McIntosh, Michael Poulin, and Virginia GilRivas. “Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11,” The Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 288, No. 10 (2002): 1235-1244 Silver, Nate. The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail. New York: The Penguin Press, 2012. Tetlock, Philip. Expert Political Judgment. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2005. Yergin, Daniel, and Joseph Stanislaw. The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. 23 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 Figure X. U.S. Equity Reactions to Key Geopolitical Events: 1914 through September 11, 2014 Cumulative Dow Jones Industrial Performance (%) After Reaction Dates* Crisis Grade Event Market Reaction Dates Date Range Gain/Loss (%) 22 Days 63 Days 126 Days Geopolitical Events A World War I A Pearl Harbor A Korean War A Cuban Missile Crisis A Gulf of Tonkin Incident A Arab Oil Embargo A Gulf War Ultimatum A Attack on World Trade Center and Pentagon A Egypt Coup d'etat & Crackdown A Russia Invades Crimea B Fall of France B Berlin Blockade B France Falls at Dien Bien Phu B Soviet Invasion of Hungary B Sputnik B China Cultural Revolution B Six-Day War B Soviet Tanks Invade Prague B Yom Kippur War B Fall of Vietnam B Iranian Revolution B U.S.S.R. Invasion of Afghanistan B Falkland Islands War B U.S. Invades Grenada B Invasion of Panama B Iraq Invades Kuwait B Coup Attempt Against Gorbachev B World Trade Center Bombing B Oklahoma City Bombing B Kosovo War B U.S. Invades Iraq B U.S. Invades Afghanistan B Battle of Baghdad B Madrid Train Bombings B London Subway Bombings B Russo-Georgian War B Mumbai Attacks B Arab Spring (Tunisia) B Libyan Civil War B Benghazi Attack B Boston Marathon Bombings B Syria Chemical Attack Allegations C Easter Rebellion in Ireland C Bloody Sunday (N. Ireland) C U.S. Bombs Cambodia C Beirut Barracks Bombing C U.S. Bombs Libya C Argentina AMIA Bombing C Poison Gas Attack in Tokyo Subway C U.S. Embassy Bombings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam C USS Cole Bombing C 2002 Bali Bombings C Haiti Earthquake C Kenya Mall Attack C Marakesh Market Bombing C French Intervention in Mali C Boko Haram's Abduction of Nigerian School Girls C 2014 Hamas-Israel Conflict in Gaza C Ebola Virus Outbreak 7/28/1914 - 11/11/1918 12/06/1941 - 12/10/1941 6/23/1950 - 7/13/1950 10/19/1962 - 10/27/1962 8/2/1964 - 8/7/1964 10/18/1973 - 12/05/1973 12/24/1990 - 1/16/1991 9/11/2001-9/30/2001 7/3/2013-08/23/2013 2/28/2014 - 3/4/2014 5/09/1940 - 6/22/1940 06/24/1948 - 05/12/1949 3/13/1954 - 5/8/1954 11/04/1956 - 11/10/1956 10/03/1957 - 10/22/1957 05/16/1966 - 10/06/1976 06/05/1967 - 06/10/1967 8/20/1968 - 10/28/1968 10/6/1973-10/25/1973 04/30/1975 - 05/01/1975 1/16/1979 - 2/11/1979 12/24/1979 - 1/03/1980 4/01/1982 - 5/07/1982 10/24/1983 - 11/07/1983 12/15/1989 - 12/20/1989 08/02/1990 - 08/04/1990 8/16/1991 - 8/19/1991 2/26/1993 - 3/1/1993 4/19/1995 - 4/20/1995 02/28/1998 - 06/11/1999 3/19/2003 - 12/21/2011 10/07/2001-06/22/2011 03/20/2003 - 04/15/2003 03/11/2004 - 03/12/2004 7/7/2005 - 7/8/2005 08/07/2008 - 08/12/2008 11/26/2008 - 11/29/2008 12/17/2010 - 01/14/2011 02/15/2011 - 10/23/2011 09/11/2012 - 09/12/2012 04/15/2013 - 04/19/2013 08/21/2013 - 09/26/2013 4/14/1916 - 6/30/1916 11/21/1920 - 11/30/1920 4/29/1970 - 5/26/1970 10/23/1983-10/24/1983 4/15/1986 - 4/21/1986 07/18/1994-07/19/1994 3/20/1995 - 3/21/1995 8/07/1998 - 8/10/1998 10/12/2000 - 10/13/2000 10/12/2002-10/13/2002 01/12/2010 - 01/13/2010 09/21/2013 - 09/24/2013 04/28/2011-04/29/2011 1/11/2013-Present 04/14/2014-04/15/2014 7/8/2014-Present 03/21/2014-Present 14.92 -5.94 -11.99 -0.74 -1.42 -17.86 -4.29 -7.89 0.15 0.45 -17.25 -8.47 6.51 -1.04 -9.88 10.62 3.20 7.77 0.33 1.17 -1.58 -2.25 4.32 -2.73 -1.88 -1.92 -2.36 -0.46 0.55 22.76 46.11 32.78 -17.52 1.10 1.43 1.85 1.17 2.57 -3.42 0.07 -0.35 2.89 -2.24 3.99 -14.41 0.01 2.56 -0.19 -0.27 -0.27 1.57 0.00 0.50 -0.75 0.37 -5.93 1.79 7.70 10.89 1.20 7.95 12.03 5.98 2.44 -0.77 -0.80 -4.27 1.86 -2.59 2.45 -0.74 -1.67 0.94 -8.53 0.11 0.60 6.80 -5.71 5.96 2.71 -9.85 2.92 3.17 4.73 6.18 3.00 2.70 1.88 2.25 1.84 -0.94 -2.83 2.59 2.29 1.82 3.92 0.47 -0.47 -11.86 11.65 -0.08 -3.80 0.49 3.07 -8.72 6.14 9.19 -6.35 0.26 -2.33 -6.70 -2.29 13.68 14.48 5.90 4.61 14.47 11.35 3.73 0.03 2.23 -0.64 6.05 1.74 2.22 0.37 5.23 -1.32 -12.67 4.91 5.85 0.95 -6.34 5.88 -3.88 -10.64 5.60 2.71 8.49 4.61 6.86 -6.52 10.96 -2.22 2.20 -20.03 -9.38 0.60 4.11 -5.72 1.73 5.02 1.80 -0.74 15.89 0.12 0.45 3.22 8.93 -6.69 2.38 7.43 0.50 4.81 -1.78 0.86 -10.04 15.96 15.94 4.24 7.03 16.00 11.98 9.78 3.12 6.97 4.27 8.21 -2.28 4.07 -2.69 4.95 -5.13 -11.69 0.88 2.54 -0.62 4.33 -4.90 -0.80 -7.81 4.30 3.83 8.27 -4.49 8.12 -1.99 12.22 -0.98 2.27 -23.35 -9.19 6.15 9.94 1.33 3.18 3.39 18.64 0.16 20.55 -5.53 0.86 -1.88 15.76 1.41 5.96 0.75 -2.21 3.87 -12.26 0.55 1.57 3.36 4.04 Political/Economic Events 1 U.S. Stock Market Crash of 1907 1 JFK Assasination 1 Kent State Shootings 1 Nixon Resigns/Watergate 1 U.S. Stock Market Crash of 1987 1 Orange County, CA Bankruptcy & Financial Crisis 1 Lehman Bankruptcy/Great Recession 1 Wikileaks 2 Earthquake in Tokyo 2 Truman Upset Victory 2 Riots and Labor Strike in France 2 Hunt Silver Crisis 2 ERM U.K. Currency Crisis 2 Mexico - Tequila Crisis 2 Terrorist Attack in Paris Metro 2 Asian Stock Market Crisis 2 Russian LTCM Crisis 2 South Ossetia War 2 Occupy Wall Street Protests 2 Snowden NSA Leaks 10/28/1929-10/29/1929 11/21/1963 - 11/22/1963 5/04/1970 - 5/14/1970 8/9/1974 - 8/29/1974 10/02/1987 - 10/19/1987 12/06/1994 - 12/31/1994 09/15/2008 - 06/30/2009 10/28/2010-11/4/2010 9/1/1923-9/15/1923 11/02/1948 - 11/10/1948 5/6/1968 - 5/26/1968 2/13/1980 - 3/27/1980 9/14/1992 - 10/16/1992 12/19/1994 - 12/31/1995 7/25/1995 - 7/26/1995 10/07/1997 - 10/27/1997 8/18/1998 - 10/08/1998 08/07/2008-08/12/2008 09/17/2011-01/01/2012 06/05/2013-01/01/2014 -11.73 -2.89 -4.17 -15.50 -34.16 2.36 -22.63 2.89 -4.10 -8.34 -2.10 -15.92 -5.98 34.99 -0.16 -12.44 -11.28 1.85 6.16 10.80 4.85 6.84 1.50 2.12 8.02 0.91 5.14 -3.00 -0.25 -0.19 0.91 0.45 2.07 2.00 -1.62 6.84 11.13 -0.94 4.02 -2.29 8.00 10.06 5.64 1.32 14.47 4.05 10.22 2.30 0.78 3.89 -0.76 11.35 4.37 8.20 1.17 8.82 14.35 -20.03 6.22 -1.31 18.88 14.68 10.64 -3.78 17.34 13.27 15.68 4.81 7.42 0.90 4.30 23.07 4.66 7.05 8.47 19.40 21.10 -23.35 6.72 -0.35 -0.78 -0.27 1.50 1.80 2.65 2.97 4.20 4.16 0.59 0.00 1.17 1.80 1.93 2.22 2.65 3.15 -4.62 -4.13 2.43 1.75 4.66 5.01 8.55 7.94 Overall Mean Median Geopolitical Events Mean Median Political Events Mean Median High Geopolitical Risk Events (A) Mean Median Medium Geopolitical Risk Events (B) Mean Median Low Geopolitical Risk Events (C) Mean Median U.S. Political/Economic Events (1) Mean Median Non-U.S. Political/Economic Events (2) Mean Median Crisis Code Key A-High Geopolitical Risk B-Medium Geopolitical Risk C-Low Geopolitical Risk 1- U.S. Political Crisis 2- Non-U.S. Political Crisis Source: BNY Mellon using data from Bloomberg 24 -3.46 -2.85 4.33 4.21 5.93 5.25 7.48 8.40 2.38 0.44 0.73 1.85 0.28 1.97 0.73 2.40 -0.61 0.00 -0.09 0.09 2.84 2.09 3.58 1.13 -10.73 -7.95 3.30 3.48 7.01 6.82 11.44 13.97 -0.54 -3.10 1.84 0.68 3.09 4.13 6.62 6.89 End 25 End 48% 50% 12.26 12.85 -0.30 -28.60 -1.02 -10.64 9.88 6.99 3.06 19.65 9.06 -11.49 24.89 -13.41 -11.95 38% 18.18 23.76 -8.03 -6.80 -7.03 -1.85 -11.14 -162.58 -4.48 17.66 10.38 -3.39 11.68 29.61 3.09 -13.72 36.65 -11.35 -15.22 50% 22.64 19.99 1.32 -11.36 25.69 19.67 6.87 20.41 -0.52 -37.02 40.56 -23.33 -27.72 75% 21.40 5.63 14.65 3.09 46.73 1.75 6.07 -9.23 7.28 38.24 44.64 12.48 32.36 -0.79 -6.86 5.36 7.64 6.52 -3.65 9.54 4.22 -38.31 1.04 3.27 4.46 6.65 3.46 5.07 3.62 -16.35 3.22 25.35 56.90 12.37 6.91 14.04 14.80 4.59 5.73 5.63 -3.17 27.72 32.71 37.40 7.57 7.40 8.94 3.42 27.84 7.69 3.46 18.62 7.79 4.79 18.15 10.43 7.20 0.12 -6.74 19.62 9.56 2.19 18.92 20.37 24.12 -17.28 23.46 -18.44 7.84 72.08 1.24 22.31 -31.65 -4.76 149.72 10.01 -14.42 16.83 83.28 114.80 7.50 3.71 14.55 10.17 26% 18.54 20.71 10% 15.50 25.03 -20.97 15.50 23.21 -10.38 -10.42 -5.89 -6.28 -80.79 -25.45 -10.97 -73.01 -6.43 -6.00 -0.36 -5.26 12.02 -12.95 -2.56 -23.66 -9.66 -22.87 5.78 -19.45 -16.55 -3.18 -56.12 23.98 27.73 -88.21 -4.19 -24.97 21% 13.56 18.39 -11.54 26.81 -8.89 4.85 -11.97 -11.14 -2.54 -20.37 -2.79 -12.92 -23.44 -18.51 -65.12 9.02 -24.57 63% 22.43 58.34 -7.86 32.08 4.40 28.48 -122.00 47.13 -45.88 0.07 -7.15 30% 13.22 29.35 -15.07 21.86 -3.05 -53.92 -11.88 11.96 -9.89 -23.57 -95.18 5.85 -7.98 Annualized Total Return (% ) During U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 16.78 -19.17 -1.39 -4.51 9.93 -1.58 16.43 17.80 6.00 25.45 6.42 -3.44 26.66 43.86 122.01 3.36 31.48 4.75 9.33 7.57 -1.72 -9.37 2.22 22.23 5.10 -1.46 5.17 34.17 6.65 15.31 1.56 26.17 -0.63 -2.90 16.88 21.97 13.52 16.23 8.23 7.34 12.19 27.59 76.43 1.55 47.03 5.67 28.89 99.58 101.77 15.08 17.08 28.80 14.28 Annualized Total Return (% ) During U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 10.52 10.98 21.82 6.40 3.10 2.34 5.91 -4.36 21.58 17.92 28.77 10.64 8.28 4.39 2.32 2.65 9.28 -4.03 10.51 5.65 3.30 2.87 2.52 -0.32 4.16 -28.53 25.53 33.39 11.37 10.89 3.83 Annualized Total Return (% ) During U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan Source: BNY Mellon using data from Global Financial Data Japan Topix Total Return Index. Indices used for Bonds: USA 10-year Government Bond Total Return Index, France 10-year Total Return Government Bond Index, United Kingdom 10-year Government Bond Total Return Index, Japan 10-year Government Bond Return Index, Germany 10-year Government Bond Return Index. Indices used for equities: S&P 500 Total Return Index, UK FTSE All-Share Return Index, France CAC All-Tradable Total Return Index, Germany Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX-30) Return Index, Frequency of Bonds Outperforming Equities -3.60 12.22 17.98 Avg. Bond Outperf. Avg. Equity Outperf. 3.32 1.21 11.38 -38.53 -8.50 -13.11 -19.48 19.26 -7.15 12.96 -39.74 -21.37 -2.14 3.25 22.06 10.98 0.63 -12.28 37.11 -17.72 -17.76 Average 02/17/1815 02/21/1848 02/25/1856 04/09/1865 01/28/1871 12/10/1898 5/31/1902 9/6/1905 11/11/1918 8/14/1945 7/27/1953 1/27/1973 6/10/1967 10/25/1973 5/7/1982 2/26/1991 12/14/1995 6/11/1999 present 10/23/2011 present Start -8.85 06/19/1812 05/13/1846 03/27/1854 04/12/1861 07/15/1870 04/25/1898 10/11/1899 2/8/1904 4/6/1917 12/7/1941 6/25/1950 8/4/1964 6/5/1967 10/6/1973 4/1/1982 1/16/1991 1/16/1991 4/6/1992 2/28/1998 9/11/2001 3/15/2011 6.17 War of 1812 Mexican American War Crimean War U.S. Civil War Franco Prussian War Spanish American War Boer War Russo Japanese War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Arab Israeli War Yom Kippur War Falkland Islands Gulf War Bosnian War Kosovo War War on Terror Libyan Civil War Syrian War 12.51 Bond Outperformance over Equities 4.78 2.09 -42.23 16.10 0.51 -6.67 11.54 -21.53 8.45 8.64 2.19 -21.90 -39.53 12.81 -27.62 46.30 -6.77 -28.11 -26.21 26.19 2.97 29.90 8.47 Total Return (% ) 1 Year Before U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 10.59 8.01 2.49 12.92 169.48 1.07 -11.98 -7.65 1.51 -1.55 -23.53 10.19 24.37 -26.66 13.56 17.37 8.21 -1.97 -0.20 -0.22 -1.12 -4.09 -4.73 32.97 5.99 7.75 1.83 15.14 8.51 25.00 1.16 -17.40 -0.88 7.47 -0.42 -8.02 33.28 41.65 1.98 24.00 13.08 7.04 -0.99 0.98 -5.51 -13.18 11.78 -3.10 -9.74 11.04 3.31 26.91 25.31 -24.39 -17.41 22.19 18.13 22.57 17.02 Average 02/17/1815 02/21/1848 02/25/1856 04/09/1865 01/28/1871 12/10/1898 5/31/1902 9/6/1905 11/11/1918 8/14/1945 7/27/1953 1/27/1973 6/10/1967 10/25/1973 5/7/1982 2/26/1991 12/14/1995 6/11/1999 present 10/23/2011 present 5.43 Start 7.22 06/19/1812 05/13/1846 03/27/1854 04/12/1861 07/15/1870 04/25/1898 10/11/1899 2/8/1904 4/6/1917 12/7/1941 6/25/1950 8/4/1964 6/5/1967 10/6/1973 4/1/1982 1/16/1991 4/6/1992 2/28/1998 9/11/2001 2/15/2011 3/15/2011 3.74 5.18 6.47 4.74 19.02 -1.87 15.51 -1.49 12.28 9.28 12.45 2.86 2.17 10.66 6.37 -10.08 10.34 5.18 4.51 2.26 17.60 -0.78 9.47 -1.29 17.02 5.71 6.15 2.17 1.61 War of 1812 Mexican American War Crimean War U.S. Civil War Franco Prussian War Spanish American War Boer War Russo Japanese War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Arab Israeli War Yom Kippur War Falkland Islands Gulf War Bosnian War Kosovo War War on Terror Libyan Civil War Syrian War 7.22 4.68 0.96 2.43 8.89 1.48 14.84 9.92 12.37 13.82 7.48 4.72 5.06 9.76 0.74 -14.17 3.09 7.54 3.79 0.98 0.63 1.78 6.90 -3.41 5.68 2.74 -1.89 10.13 6.08 13.28 10.65 9.99 2.22 2.14 Equities 1.34 0.99 7.29 -5.56 -0.74 2.03 5.52 1.86 0.32 4.94 1.91 2.62 4.90 4.22 8.89 7.88 11.67 14.63 12.72 4.47 4.81 Total Return (% ) 1 Year Before U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 02/17/1815 02/21/1848 02/25/1856 04/09/1865 01/28/1871 12/10/1898 5/31/1902 9/6/1905 11/11/1918 8/14/1945 7/27/1953 1/27/1973 6/10/1967 10/25/1973 5/7/1982 2/26/1991 12/14/1995 6/11/1999 present 10/23/2011 present Total Return (% ) 1 Year Before U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 4.60 06/19/1812 05/13/1846 03/27/1854 04/12/1861 07/15/1870 04/25/1898 10/11/1899 2/8/1904 4/6/1917 12/7/1941 6/25/1950 8/4/1964 6/5/1967 10/6/1973 4/1/1982 1/16/1991 4/6/1992 2/28/1998 9/11/2001 2/15/2011 3/15/2011 War of 1812 Mexican American War Crimean War U.S. Civil War Franco Prussian War Spanish American War Boer War Russo Japanese War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Arab Israeli War Yom Kippur War Falkland Islands Gulf War Bosnian War Kosovo War War on Terror Libyan Civil War Syrian War End Average Start Bonds Figure XX. Historical T otal Returns of U.S., U.K., French, German, and Japanese Bonds and Equities During Periods of War: 1812 to September 11, 2014 6.85 4.74 5.50 6.23 -2.95 3.14 1.33 24.11 13.06 8.04 5.31 2.24 11.08 -14.51 -26.73 0.07 -5.69 12.96 0.13 -0.16 -0.17 0.20 1.07 5.68 -3.09 6.03 0.48 26.20 14.99 15.28 -1.17 6.28 8.28 2.36 3.31 3.41 10.23 2.48 14.12 13.16 8.21 -2.81 2.04 3.36 19.43 2.83 7.74 1.92 -5.58 3.75 -30.18 -9.75 6.10 -3.04 9.92 14.94 6.13 3.02 6.31 9.80 14.53 11.41 6.42 -0.62 5.54 18.60 39.67 32.61 0.48 17.95 -40.57 25.40 13.62 30.60 42.34 17.82 18.23 -22.34 63.37 -18.23 31.92 13.17 28.17 28.25 -8.06 -0.49 -38.93 -8.83 -18.60 5.86 -23.85 18.35 -20.29 -6.08 12.26 19.61 20.68 40% 21% -4.56 -5.06 -12.05 -36.62 21.32 -49.01 56.20 -12.69 0.74 -8.63 0.19 15.52 10.55 -5.06 -10.74 -2.08 8.38 -5.97 -5.56 -8.11 -2.27 7.31 -12.01 -21.60 -10.86 -23.39 17.74 -6.92 28.65 -20.90 -2.35 -22.83 -2.62 29% 10.92 17.06 -9.06 -0.33 -6.29 0.46 -5.70 -18.40 -38.61 -26.92 -3.57 -11.92 41.06 0.80 1.37 -15.31 -43.51 25% 23.23 21.99 -10.68 -9.95 25.76 -53.14 20.71 -17.80 0.00 -19.96 -31.07 70% 17.69 13.01 8.48 3.85 42.68 -21.36 8.84 0.24 20.81 -8.43 35.22 12.21 -9.24 Total Return (% ) 1 Year After U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 11.19 15.21 6.82 0.82 0.54 8.52 11.64 4.79 11.58 2.97 15.42 5.51 9.90 -2.89 -6.76 0.23 12.47 -5.36 23.17 -8.83 11.53 17.55 31.79 42.84 -14.12 -24.26 13.33 52.15 -28.87 -54.88 52.75 36.80 15.99 12.32 22.96 16.67 7.25 5.12 Total Return (% ) 1 Year After U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 6.13 4.47 4.74 8.92 5.67 6.02 7.31 7.63 0.55 0.47 1.57 0.67 8.40 3.62 6.41 -0.22 31.85 13.64 0.13 4.63 Total Return (% ) 1 Year After U.S. U.K. France Germany Japan 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 㛵ಀ⪅㝈 Figure XXX. 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