中国における卓球の変容と社会問題についての研究

&'()*+,-./012345(678.9:
;<=<>?% ,-@'-@A<BC@DCE@F'GH%
I
KLMNOPQR%
J
S
T
U% VW%
% % % %
!"#$%
!"#" $%&'()*+,-./012345678
9:;<4=>?@3AB'83CDE6F'<%G
Ø,CAB…ö1%²…BDEqzL³
³
RFGHIJ*DE³
H%45IJKL!"M! $%NOPQ RM STU78(
Å›Ke%û…BTUL'9=>?@*ÃÄntÏ
)V.+JBWXYEKLZ[6'\]^_`abc
A6MNGO'P96Pö*.Ÿ%30B=>?@9
de39fghi%j0KKJ6TU*=>?@Uk
qP%/Q*‘RS340B…zL¢=çP&'%û
*lmnopq&'%30B6rs%tu4:e34
…B78%ToAKUV978WX3šYÃÄ%²…
0KLvw<xyPjz`_>_{|}!"~• $€P96
BtÏqzŠ*.P….6´$6&'MN*ZA…Ã
&•‚ƒ*„A…†‡.ˆ‰<4Š*k3‹Œ56&
Ä%[…6=>?@9Ká\]n^OA6_*_`n
'.'\•Žk••qzQ‘’340KL!"““ $*Q
-J6=>?@abnjñzKJá2*Š*P4ö6
R” S•–—:e1˜789]^_`ab™š%40KL
Ke3/Qnc1%qzŠ*340B…z•3.tÏ
&'*›œ()96•E˜žŸ*tu4:eP,-n
YEIJ6Ke%û2z78*Ud<ef4¿*Ke
¡A6¢PŠTU*£¤%¥¦§2B…zKJ6&
'*789¨=©ª«¬.-…‚®n¯°z=>?@
*±3²%40KL³
g<ˤ1˜*IJ.hÈB/KL³
789 !" Tijk%lm^=P/çE6!"““ $*
]^_`ab:e%no™š3ABpèYEBqr6
A1A6´$'µ%9¶a·?6¸=¹aº»?—
TUL'st¼=>?@u‚*To.-ç56ÃÄA
¼½¾=4¿*=>?@Ào%ÁÂz3678ÃÄ*
B/KL¢=*78*ev92%=>?@¼w?x%
Åh9Æz…39ÇÈ4…LÉÊSž6Å•*ËÌž6
yzYEzŠ*P4ö6áHáHKe/Q%{2|H
½ÍΆ*ÏÐѼ=>_¶?*ÒÓAKÔÕ1˜Ö
P/KL789.*®}*\]6Íb^~?•€_6
z36¶a·?¼¸=¹aº»?—*×Ø.Ù1%,
•‚œÅ6ƒ>k*,„6çK™…¼-†%,qz‡
ÚnÛJB…zLÜ3AB6¶a·?¼¸=¹aº»
ˆ‰Š‹Œ?x•?bŽ•4¿*Ud<•‘3efn
?—4¿*¾Ý?=9žÈ/E4…׿ޟ4©ª«
-²L³
¬%ÅEzL78%‚qzßà9t:4ÉÊá2âã
78P9()3()*B9’“<%”Aö,•qz
*o¥K4…äå%æ°˜EzLçK6×1*=>?
Š*P94…LçK63–—=*ÉÊ%û…B9()
@èéê•1˜ëKª?ì%íED6´$678èé
K¦*©^aºn—S%ØP/zíØ%™ÖÊŒ°
îï5ðñ9½¾=3¸òó_º_èéîï5ðñí
˜EzLY˜%6()*š›%í0Bœ¹aº¼=>
5ô…3…Ø•3PjzLõEá2P94ö6R••“ $
_•.(ÂzKJ6789()*š›nƘ1%qz
NO÷ø¼ •" $ùú78()V:e%û2z&'7
=>?@3…Ø•3.P/zL789ž2%•Ÿn
8*TUüÛ6ýþ*ÿ!xy3"#e$P&'()
¡P/6¢£¤¥.¦§%P/6¨v(…Š*Pjz
*i%n&'qzxy4¿§Ÿ3ëB/K()4*+
*P6Å›Ke*.Ÿ.š›nœÅAØqzKJ*
%,AB678%‚®n-².Ÿ.789/0=>?
•Ž34zL³
@3ABŠ6™š=>?@3ABŠ1AJzŠ*16
çK6783…Ø=>?@9©ª#%«&!*¬5
õE3Š24z:/4:eP©3—n3zKJ*Š*
-ȼ®¯…°/6Y˜%±›n}%²2Y°6Ž•
16çK&'78*4Y%,AB$BŠ‡5ö4…3
‡*²ð6ƒ>n³5´Èzµ¦4¿nŠK˜qL.Ÿ
6*¼78*9nðñB/KL³
978n¶·B\]4/Qi%n²ðY°6µ<4•
™š=>?@*‘À:Pjz78.6ÃÄ* M• $*
&P';*<51˜¢=*r>%?zçP64@‹A
ABAç0K*16çK6TB1˜*&'%,AB¿
Sn¸È6¹º4¦-¦n»¼qz3Pö*XUP½
˜EKL³
789âA…¾x*¿Àqz=>?@PjzLK3
ÈD678=>_•*ÃÆ9=`?ònðñ6Áš
zíØ%40KL¢=çP6÷ø*78™š*©3—
Y*ÃÄn‘Ã^OAKLçK6M• $›6òœl–š
¡žP96&'.‘äP6¤¥ÊŒ°B ”! šn ¡
.ëÅA6šYÄÅ.OÄAKL•*•31˜Œ1z
AB…zLõ*ئ6Õ©3—9 R• šPjzL³
íØ%6âA…¾x*¿À3ÃÄ978Ud*Æ®%
Q RM STU78:eP96øùú*în²2K&'
40B…zL&'Œ?x978*ÁJÇ3šYÃÄ%
*78èû.'\<4:eP+JBè…˜EKLõE
û…BL'n^?òAB…zLR••! $çP*ÈÉ%í
1˜6øùú3…Ø78©?·?9vw•Ž%+••
z3678* Ê~ jzšY*ئP6&'Œ?x9 R!
AKLøùú78èû9¬½ü6•ò¾?6NO]^
*šY6q4Œ¦ #~Ë%û…B6Ì'í5,EB…zL
_`abŠ‹´$*×3H¿*TU78()V:e*
TU78*ÃÄ%:/4ÍVnAK3…ÈzL³
åo¶×œl¬?}78ýéÒÓ#€340B…zL
³
ÊFIJo<³
qÎ3ÁÏAB678%‚®n-².Ÿ.&'%û
…BÐ0B…z.6õ*WÑ%²…BƘ1%qz•
3.“IJ*o<PjzL³
øùú©?·?9'\78þÿ3!!qz•3P6F
TU%783…Ø=>?@*"Šn‘Ã^OY°B…
zL³
!"#" $%A'ç().+,-nA6&'›œ()9
žŸ*tu4TU78:eP,-n ¡A6TU*£
Ò'qr6&'_Óî†.¥BKâK4Ô'Õ%*
¤%¥¦§2B…zLõ*KJ6&'PÜ'8Þ3…
ÖP6789 !""• $›×ØdAKL';*<5*.¦
ŒEIJ6¢=çP#‘$*..78n1AÖ6TU
=>?@á0K78.6r>á˜2*=>?@34z
PŠ‘%678*&‰#.P…'%40KLõAB6
çP%6Ke%û…BÙ.Ú•0K164@•*íØ
´$&'MN*ZA…ÃÄ%[…6PÀ:*=>?@
%4z1Û%²…BƘ1%qzL³
'(6p)#¼*+.,-YE6;BP*78Q°¼
³
ÜIJÇÝÞ³
ÉÊ.hÈB/KL35Œ26Pö*&'().NO
]^_`abn9·J3qzÞŸ4TU:ePQ.A
UVŠ‹–ß–¶lºn¶ABÔàná«A6Sâ
B…zKJ6&'9TU‘*=>?@:'3…ŒEz
nHØLãä%HŒEKÈÉIJ*ª?ìn†èA6
íØ%40B/KL789Š¦/H6…/…/4=>
âã"x*µAnSâA6UVŠ‹åo–ß–¶lº
?@P01A…abnaA1ñB/KKJ6&'9F
*DEnH0KLUVÔà96&''µPÃHYEz
TU*Ton2‹B…zL!""” $6&'¤3¶a·?
ægšYÔàPjzL³
Œ?x9ÑGAB×Ød*àn’4•3./0123
³
456¸=¹aº»?—6¸Í?»?—678656
”F &'%û2z78*‹A³
*×Ød7Ä.8Ÿ3HŒEKL!""“ $%Üøùú9Þ
!"#" $%H4ŒEKQ R# STU78()V:eP
*78^?è:.HŒEIJK•3P6&'*789
&'›œ*A'ç().•_è—=P+,-néKA
×Ød*àn’ÖIJK3…ŒE6&'78wð*t
KL!"M! $ ” ê ” =6Q RM STU78()V.&'
u4xy*;²340KL&'78bœ–¸<^?è
NOPWëYEKL•E.Üâ&'ÞÒ'j6ì+*
3…ØŠ*.=/AKLõE>E*Œ?x%9=>_
TU:e*WX340KL¢=çP&'PWXYEK
¶?î.²…Bû56]^_`ab¼TU()VP©
tu4TU78:e*ž9 !“ S%*ízL!"~! $ Ê
3—n…Ø&'().LŒ?x*?!3456{'.
ê R! =6îïðPHŒEKQ Ê! STU()V*•Ž
().@çqz•3ŠP/6AB½ÍÎ&CŠHŒE
P=>?@%íz;B{|6…ŒñzÜ`_>_{|Þ
B…zL³
.ÄWYEKL&'*'\•Žk*••*Q‘’34
Pö*.Ÿ.78%‚®n-¦9·J6KáDen
0Kvw<xyPjzÜ`_>_{|Þ%í0B6&
-¦6()K¦nCEqz•3P‡ˆqzá2P4ö6
•‚ƒ9òJB:/4óunôÈ6õEçP*„A…
•SK¦P}n-0B_FqzíØ%40KLR••! $
†‡.ˆ‰<4Š*k3‹Œ0KL•*[1˜678
qr6GHHI}'\78þÿ€.J8…P)@AK
9¨=©ª«¬.-…‚®n¯°z=>?@*±3²
âA…78—?—.jzLK3ÈD6KL ”•MM *»?
3…ŒEzíØ%40KL78.]^_`ab™š%
—k*‹N6!! ¤*w?xÕnOH6¶?–*Õy4
40K*96!"““ $Q R” S•–—:e1˜*•3P
¿%í0B6()%9Š03í…®Whin-²•3
jzL•E%í56TUP*oõçA…O’.^OY
.PJ˜Ez.6ËÌ%30B978*QRS?¨_
E6çK6Pö*.1˜Ton«Jz•3Šö÷YE
=n$¼qö6í578*®T˜AYnvŒØ•3.
P/zíØ%40KL³
˜4…L&'.á2P4ö6TU*í5Pö*.K¦
&'%9ÜÔ'_ÕÞ*Š3P6y˜EKUVPW
.78*1AYn»¼qzÂ/4*áÞ3*e$Šj
Ñíöo<Xanqz~^?ºYa•=½x.jzL
zLçK6š()Óa*j5Çn™ÈKY42ED4˜
Õ©3—n30K()9'ZŒ?x%Ÿ[AB…zL
4…›3…ج`?—9Šj0KL³
•*'ZŒ?x9~^?ºÓa*ºa×%äåA6õ
çK‘Ç6
Üøùú9Þ*78^?è:1˜=/AK
*Ö%\Œ?x6õ*Ö%\_Ó]°šYg^6_Ó
&'78bœ–¸<^?è9¢$ !! $onôÈKL&
g^6"¶g^3§öL&'P9_g/`a1˜=·
'78bœ–¸<^?è9'µPìŠÍœ—*-…^
–ºAB_Óg^%@EB6bÎ9"¶*cd6bj
?è3…ŒEz.6# $Îí5©:AK{'..Ð5
9=>?@efn¼56ghšYn}%²2B…öL
²²j56©:AK{'.Š×3H¿¬•¬•*()
õ*£¤.]^_`ab*Õ©3^=ºPjzL&'
PjzL78*.¦ôž*KJ6&'78bœ–¸<
P9i$6Ü=>?@j=>?@()*Š*ÞPj56
^?è9©ª«¬*ßà.l4ö40KLPÞ4=>
?%kl[1˜~^?ºmÓn¼26]^_`ab4
?@Ào."Šqz%[…678*^?è:%,qz
¿*'\:eP'*în*KJ%™šnAK=>?@
•‘4¿*’“%í0B6ËÌ.Ð5678*.¦.
()*Q°á0KLì´9MN*ÃÄ%[…6o13
4ö40K”•%40KLõAB6^?è]Ÿ‚ƒ#
AB*=>?@Ë:.pö"ŠAB/KLK3ÈD6
K¦9ÔÕ*]èn #qzKJ%6ÉÊe•n:¡
()K¦%‚qzלl¸•?*q+.âã¼–ß–
êí5Š4A/¢Ç*_Y4¡ê%£0´q¹?=.
¶lºPPößàYEB…zL³
hÈ6ÉÊe•çP*à*5.A¤P94…3Š78
³
Šj0KLõ*KJ%6]Ÿ‚ƒ#K¦9Œ¹aº.
#F³rs6TB1˜*tC3,u³
¥à%4z3…ئ§n¥BK.6^?è*îZK5
3•/.´$6tu478:ePÚ•0Kxy%9
:*e•%9çᨩ.o¥0K3…Ø•3PjzL
TB1˜*&'.ð.0B…zL
R••“ $NO÷ø*j6
ËÌ*Ð5nªö*P6=>_¶?¦d9†«n ¡
Õ©3^=ºýþ().Ú•AKÿHxy96';1
P/4ö40KLõE%í0B6=>_¶?¦d%9
˜*78%,qz&'*<340KLçK6&'78
MN¬-.ãt4Š*3456®#*¯5°A¼•V
*4Y%,AB6•*ççP978.÷øÀo1˜v
LJP*±²Æ›6³´bœ–4¿**+.J8…P
{YEzwx›.jz3PößàYEKL³
ëB/KL³
R••" $ ” ê R“ =y# ê # =%HŒEKTU()Vù
õEñÈ%6&'78!e*µ¶·ei9 R••" $%
ú:e96&'P9 zz{|}#}&'&~•ÏŽ*=>?
HŒEK78TU()Vùú:e*¸¹j%e$nH
@Œ€ü—€P/&CYEKL&''µP*To%9
…6
Ü789qP%rs%wx4hinôÈB…zÞ3
rs%ô10KíØáLzz{|}# P*¤¥•_è—=•
½ÂKL
Ü–Ÿ9783…Ø=>?@%û…B6&'*
-*ÏÐÑ9 •F#‚%Š‡K410K3ßàYEKL
ÃÄá2P94ö6TU—˜P*ÃÄn™È42ED
Ü4qƒz&'ÞPjz.ñÈ%6R„_*78…E
4˜4…L&'.á2P4ö6TU*í5Pö*.K
%†‡J./14…*13…ŒEKL&~½ÍΆ.
¦.78*1AYn»¼qÂ/4*áÞ3Ç0KLõ
ëAKª?ì%íz36ÏÐÑ. •F#‚ˆ¦z‰3%
AB6&'78!e96L'%&'1˜º?Œn»¼
M•• Š*ÏÐ.žn‹ØL•EçPt:4:eP9.
AB&'*šYnmÈ64…œl¸—}½€n³YaA
¦ÉÊ*ÏÐÑ9s% #Ën:/ö¸ÈKL³
íØ3qzÜY½¾§ÞnÃœAKLçK6¸<^?
Y˜%"#e$P*&'()*i%%,AB6
ܮH
è9¿r<%96À{*4Ábœ–n¸<^?è%©
.Œ2ED6Õ©3—n•²30BŠev.4…Þ3
:Y°z•3Š¾§AB…zL&'78!eei*µ
…0KíØ4&'<4"x.…ö²1$˜EKL'µ
¶·9'\78þÿ%ízTU—˜P*78*4d3
%û…B&'MN*Ž•ÃÄ%ízPÞ4=>?@À
"Š%6Âò<%!!AB…öeÃnœÆAKLÅh
o."Šqz%[…678*¸<^?è:%,qz•
PŠ¸<^?è9TUì-Ä*Íœ—%jz'µ^?
‘4¿*’“%í0B6ËÌ.8Q%Ð0B…zLõ
èá.6Y˜%TU—˜*^?èk*àn˜ÅAB…
EŠ78*.¦.4ö40K”•340KLõE>E
z3™È˜EzL³
%,AB6
Ü789qP%rs%wx4hi340B…
çK6&'*™Æ9_Y…[1˜®`*jz()n
zÞ6Ü–Ÿ9783…Ø=>?@%û…B6&'*Ã
$²2B6¿H¿Hð%Ç…ðñB…ö3…ؼ5Ç
Äá2P94ö6TU—˜P*ÃÄn™È42ED4
n3zLÔ'Õ%*ÈÉP&'Œ?x9fÊÇÝ6.
ËÃÌ6:Y‡4¿L'í5,E6()K¦*Óan
B978.‘ï<=>?@4*P6ì´*ðHP94
ÍOqz‘Ç6Θ9mÓnjç5¼24…KJ6®
…3ñJB…zLq4Œ¦678.çáKeMN*Z
H*+3š›’“.jzL¢j*Dz›%²…B6(
A…ÃÄ%ò…²…Bû˜ó6ôá%õ;=>?@¼
)9àÏ›*²ð.Ðu3456Y˜%Ü().ÉÊ
ö‘=>?@3…Øl©?•n÷ȘEKççá3…
á2P94ö6™š"Š%ŠÑJz•3Þ3AB6Ò
ŒEB…zLøùú*øù#9¾`/Qúû.çqç
ÓQ°¼R„_lœ_ºnÂò<%WXAB…ö•3
q-ç56Ž•UÆ.=%=%ÃXAB…zKers
.Ðu3™È˜EB…zL³
*ÖP678Ud9×3H¿ÃÄABû˜ó64A/
³
MFÔX³
´$6'\78þÿ978*Ë:›n-JzKJ%6
üýhi*ççá3½ÂB…zLY˜%:¡eP96
789KöYH*£#%[›åE3$4YEzíØ%
40KL³
Ù%ŠâK4—?—nÕ0K.67898._Yö6
çK‘Ç1˜ÖED6â&'nÒ'ABqr6&
šY.Ö×P6°/Š•…3…0K”•%í0B6¶
'_Óî†9=>?@*iöÃÄn™ÈKðP6Ô
a·?¼¸=¹aº»?—*íØ4Ë:›*-…=>
'Õ%3…Øsun¥BKLõ*_Õ*ÖP678
?@%4E4…L"• $›%@56'µ=>?@ê•*
9¿H¿HÃÄAB…KLõ*su978*"Šn
ÃÄ9çqçq.Ÿ*Ton«JB…zL8Ÿ%:/
^OAKŠ*P94ö6'\<:ePabnþqK
4ÉÊ.HŒE6ÞŸ4=>?@Ào.×Ød*àn
J6™š=>?@%,CABOHYEKL!""M $%
OHP…ö3Ø%6½ÍÎP*/&CPË:qz•3
&'78ÿ!ÉÊ./çEK•3./0123456
9ÙAö4…LA1A6O\%=>?@%©ªqz.
bœ–¸<^?è9¢=çPçá:…n§2B…zL
Ú9 R•Ë%ŠXAB…410KL²ç56Å`a*&
A1A6õE9"•€"—Œ?x.ÞŸ4:eÎ*
'P9=>?@ê•%û…B’“<%©ªqz*P9
Ê#¾§n$2zKJ%6%&%—'¼=(n7J
4ö6Ë:qz•3.tÏYEzÛ²%jzLøùú
z*P6©ª«¬¼ËÌ*‚®.:…%Ö.56Y
eK*-Z#9Ü&'%û2z=>?@ê•%96•
˜%=>_¶?¦dŠ†«n ¡P/4ö40KL
SPÂò<%_n°1qí56Ë:qz×Ø.1A…
ß0B6´${'()*ë•.l4ö4zD15P
3ÜØ..P…LÃÄ'%ݘAB…z.%30B=
4ö6=>_¶?¦d¼ÉÊ•.íö‹Œz*9±
>?@.=Ÿ/Q*‘RSPjz3…Ø™ÈÇ39±
Ü)P94…LõEŠ78*.¦.ˆ¦z”•34
“<%ÞØL'µ%9=>?@%¨v.jz*9$z
zL³
•3P—SPjzLõE9š.4œlR=ìl—¼M
çK6™šnË:qz.Ÿ9qÂB*™šP2%Õ
N!4¿39²4.zÞ3½ÂKLY˜%6¶a·?
©3—n*4á2P4ö6”A…•‡¼ô+*-¦¬
*íØ4.¦=>?@PŠO\%¼zí56ÉÊ%²
2n[Ø:…nö÷qzLA1A6stu‚9Õ©3
…Bº©_ºqz•3n1A4.Ú.P…Lß0B6
—ntÏqzD15P6,²Ë¤.±“<%-4zL
789?3ABËÌn,à3qz*.rs%>A…=
Š¦/HËÌ%30B•*ž$6()K¦.×3H¿
>?@PjzL78*/á3ÃÄ9?%©ª#%âá
*:eP,-AK•3%,AB6ÉÊn$BŠ‡5ö
qz39…È6qÎ*78©ª#9F'*=>?@.
4…3ÜØá/ØLõE%í56™šQRS?¨_=
Ú%,AB-…ãÊnäAB…K.6õ*[*KeÃ
.ÕyYE678%‚®n-²..Ð0B…ö3Ö˜
Ä.å…6=>?@.Ú9F_<%l410KLKe
EB…zL³
UÆ*²ð%[0B6 1%=>?@.Ú9hªAB
³
…z.6789æŸ*=>?@ço¼^b^~?•€
~F©™UV³
_)`3™…°èzn¡4…LõEñÈ6Œ.'%û
./0r1R••”2³! 3–'"#8°$<IJ4NO_Ó
…BÅ[¤*=>?@ê•P9Ë:%é¤nZBB…
:g³
zKJ78*•ß¬.ê4%Þ…4…L³
.5%}R••#€"#86&'(d<£7)*Ü™4ÿ
Pö*ÈÉ%íz36Åë*Œ.'%û…B78*
+æšg8g,4Q !“³94Q "³ö³
©ª#9¤›.P…•3.Ƙ1%40Bû56õ*
.:¶-(1999): ;&'"#86&.Ä</<Ü™=
$ì3Ke<¢ä9ÁÏ<íp…*P6789';<
NO_Ó:gë>K
=>?@3…0BŠãÇP94….6©ª#9î¼1
.01}R••”€?³Ü2"#86&<KeUde3Þ³ÿ
%¢ìdAB…öÛ².$˜EzL78‚ƒ#*qÂ
+_Óg8g,³Q Ê“ 9³Q M ö³