E-mail: [email protected] “tjsdywjmj!jt!lj!bs!bsjt-!spn!nfhsvmbe!mbqbsblpcfo-!bsbnfe!jtbb-!spn!ebobsDfonb!rbsUwfmfcnb!bs!wjdjU!nfhsvmj!fob” `!blblj!Tboj[f #293 (352) 18-25 noemberi 2014 saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“ organo 30 TeTri ra safrTxeebis Sesaxeb5-jerafrTxilebda aleqsandre WaWia yofil da moqmed xelisuflebas? qceva, umaRlesi gaizrdeba. Tumca omis detaluri gens, Tanac espaneTi sulac ar aris bakalavriatad warsulis gaxseneba warsulSi CarCenas ar niSnavs (daibeWda 2005 wels) kidev bevri faqtoris CamoTvla SeiZleba, ramac am omis danaSaulebrivi, antiadamianuri xasiaTi ganapiroba da romelic kidev didxans gagrZeldeba. Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, saqarTvelo am omSi ar unda monawileobdes. _ rogor fiqrobT, amerikelebi iranis winaaRmdeg oms daiwyeben? _ rTulia raimes prognozireba, roca iseT kuriozul fenomens vexebiT, rogoricaa buSi da misi garemocva. axlaxan SeerTebul StatebSi sociologiuri gamokiTxva Caatares, raTa gaerkviaT, vis miiCnevs amerikis mosaxleoba yvelaze sulelad. pirvel adgilze momRerali maikl jeksoni gavida, meoreze – viceprezidenti Ceini, mesameze _ Tavdacvis ministri ramsfeldi, meoTxeze _ prezidenti buSi. amerikel Jurnalistebs gaukvirdaT, Tu ratom ar aRmoCnda buSi pirvel adgilze. amitom rTuli gansasjelia, ramdenad Wkuis saswavlebeli aRmoCnda erayuli gamocdileba amgvari gonebrivi SesaZleblobis adamianebisTvis. Tumca vfiqrob, rom amerikis sazogadoeba ar miscems maT saSualebas, CaiTrion qveyana kidev erT samxedro avantiuraSi. amerikelebs xom araferi gamosdiT eraySi. amerikeli jariskacebi yoveldRe iRupebian, erayelebs sZulT isini, navTobis gatana metad garTulebulia, qveyanas Sinagani winaaRmdegobani angrevs, bolos da bolos igi sam fsevdosaxelmwifod daiSleba da samive mtruli iqneba rogorc amerikis, ise mTeli qristianuli samyaros mimarT. analogiuri viTarebaa avRaneTSic. amerikelebi mxolod qabuls akontroleben, danarCeni teritoria Talibebis xelSia; da Tu amerikelebis SeWramde avRaneTidan yovelwliurad 20 tona narkotikebi gaizideboda, axla es maCvenebeli 300 tonamde avida. ori omidan arc erTma ar moitana is Sedegi, rasac buSi eloda. xelisuflebis ukan mdgom transnacionalur korporaciebsac, maT Soris navTobkompaniebsac, albaT, esmiT, rom am meTodiT problemebs ver moagvareb, dakargviT ki bevrs dakargav, Tu yvelafers ara. magaliTad, cnobilia, rom iranis dabombvis SemTxvevaSi navTobis msoflio fasi 3- gegma, romelic 70 iranuli obieqtis dabombvas iTvaliswinebs, ukve SemuSavebulia. RmerTma nu qnas, rom saomari moqmedebebis msvlelobisas Tundac erTi iranuli raketa Camovardes saqarTveloSi an islamurma samyarom saqarTvelo am omSi amerikis mokavSired miiCnios. _ ra damokidebuleba gaqvT umniSvnelovanesi sameurneo obieqtebis ucxoel mesakuTreebze gayidvis mimarT? _ radikaluri liberaluri ekonomikis momxre ara var, fridmanisa da saqsis Tayvanismcemeli ar gaxlavarT, maT ekonomikur mecnierebaTa avantiuristebad miviCnev, xolo saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis rekomendaciebis Semsrulebel maT momxreebs _ sakuTari qveynebis damRupvelebad. socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomikis momxre var, saxelmwifo regulirebis didi wiliT. metic, darwmunebuli var, rom saxelmwifo unda flobdes umniSvnelovanes strategiul obieqtebs, romlebic qveynis ekonomikur usafrTxoebas gansazRvravs, amitom var saqarTvelos saxalxo meurneobis mTliani privatizaciis winaaRmdegi. mesmis, rom xelisuflebas biujetis Sevseba sWirdeba, xolo mkvdari ekonomikis pirobebSi erTaderTi saSualeba erovnuli simdidris gayidvaa, magram ubedureba is aris, rom es rezervi Zalian male amoiwureba, gasayidi aRaraferi darCeba. mere raRa vqnaT? amitom 90-iani wlebis Suaxnidan vTavazobdi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis modernizaciul models, anu erovnuli ekonomikis models, romelic damoukidebeli saxelmwifos pirobebSi unda ganviTardes. maSin jer kidev gvqonda seriozuli potenciali, magram SevardnaZem misi safuZvlamde dangreva moaxerxa. rac darCa, dRevandelma xelisuflebam gayida. amitom Semdgom xelisuflebas, Tu igi erovnulad orientirebuli iqneba, ukve ekonomikis samobilizacio modelis realizeba mouwevs, magram es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu im droisTvis saqarTvelo sabolood ar gadaiqceva koloniad, romelsac sakuTari ekonomika ar sWirdeba. _ magram xelisufleba amtkicebs, rom qveyanaSi arnaxuli ekonomikuri zrdaa da male saqarTvelo turistul samoTxed iqceva... _ turizmi da tranziti saqarTvelos ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynad ver aqcevs. es eduard babus zRaprebia. garda amisa, es sferoebi ar eTanxmeba qarTveli xalxis erovnul Taviseburebebs da istoriul miswrafebebs; saWiro gaxdeba eris sulier-zneobrivi safuZvlebis ngreva, amas ki eris degradacia, misi gadagvareba mohyveba. ra Tqma unda, turizmisa da tranzitis winaaRmdegi ar var, magram es erovnuli ekonomikis mxolod nawili unda iyos. saqarTveloSi arasodes iqneba imdeni turisti, ramdenic dRes espaneTSi Cadis, magram iqac turizmis Semosavlebi espaneTis mTliani Sida produqtis mxolod 10 procents Sead- mdidari qveyana. erovnuli ganviTareba SesaZlebelia mxolod im qveyanaSi, romelsac konkurentunariani produqciis warmoeba SeuZlia. es Tanamedrove msoflios aqsiomaa. Cven, ra Tqma unda, ver gavuwevT konkurencias did qveynebs bevr sawarmoo dargSi: amisTvis Sesabamisi bunebrivi, adamianuri da finansuri resursebi ar gagvaCnia, magram Cven gvaqvs erTi ram: sabWoTa droidan darCenili samecniero da SemoqmedebiTi potenciali. jer kidev gvyavs umaRlesi kvalifikaciis samecniero-teqnikuri kadrebi, fundamenturi mecnierebis didi tradiciebi da sakadro baza. es potenciali sakmarisia imisTvis, rom Seiqmnas Tanamedrove, konkurentunariani samrewvelo warmoebis ori-sami mecnierebatevadi, maRalteqnologiuri dargi. am amocanis gadaWrisTvis 10-15 wlis win rom moekidebiaT xeli, dRes saqarTvelo Rirseuli saxelmwifo iqneboda, Tumca jerac ar aris gvian. yuradReba miaqcieT: Cveulebriv, axladwarmoqmnili qveynebi, romlebic saxelmwifoebriv mSeneblobas iwyeben, pirvel etapze turizmsa da tranzits aviTareben, sasargeblo wiaRiseuls yidian, raTa Tanxebi daagrovon da Cadon mecnierebasa da ganaTlebaSi, Camoayalibon erovnuli samecnieroteqnikuri kadrebi, xolo Semdeg sakuTari samrewvelo potenciali Seqmnan. visac es gamosdis, igi damoukidebeli, ekonomikurad ganviTarebadi saxelmwifo xdeba. vinc ver axerxebs, igi samaradisod CamorCenil koloniad iqceva. Cven ras vakeTebT? sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis momentisTvis saqarTvelo ganviTarebuli agrarulindustriuli saxelmwifo iyo mZlavri samecniero-saganmanaTleblo baziT da samecniero, sainJinro-teqnikuri kadrebis kolosaluri korpusiT. damoukidebeli (!) saxelmwifos xelisuflebam, SevardnaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, jer gaaCera samrewvelo warmoeba, gayida qarxnebisa da fabrikebis aRWurviloba, quCaSi gayara samecnieroteqnikuri kadrebi, Semdeg gadaketa sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gasaRebis bazari da am sferos dafinanseba Sewyvita, gaakotra msxvili sasoflosameurneo warmoebebi da amiT ekonomikis agraruli seqtori mospo. Semdeg, paralizebuli ekonomikis pirobebSi da specialistebze moTxovnis ararsebobis pirobebSi komerciuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis sistema SemoiRo, riTac umaRlesi ganaTleba gaaufasura da paralelurad tradiciuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis samecnieropedagogiuri kadrebis daqsaqsva gamoiwvia, riTac koleqtiuri samecniero Sroma mokla. umaRlesi skolisa da akademiuri institutebis dafinansebis SewyvetasTan erTad, es qarTuli mecnierebis sikvdils niSnavda. axalma xelisuflebam mxolod logikuri dasasrulisken waiyvana es procesi, roca misi ukanaskneli stadiis realizacias mihyo xeli: kvalificiuri samecniero-pedagogiuri kadrebis sabolo gandevna, umaRlesi ganaTlebis saswavleblebisa da akademiuri mecnierebis, rogorc aseTis, ganadgureba. qveynis deindustrializaciis, dezintegraciis da degradaciis politika logikur dasasruls uaxlovdeba. paralelurad mcirdeba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis raodenoba, mcirdeba maswavlebelTa korpusi. migiqceviaT yuradReba eqimebis diskreditaciis mizanmimarTuli propagandistuli kampaniisTvis? Turme «umaRlesi instanciidan» Sexseneba movida, rom saqarTvelom eqimebis raodenoba 30 procentiT unda Seamciros. ganviTarebad qveyanas, romelTa kategoriaSi SevardnaZem Segviyvana, statusiT ar ekuTvnis bevri skola, srulyofili umaRlesi saswavleblebi da amdeni eqimi. saqarTvelom sakuTar Tavze aiRo funqcia – tranzitisa da turistebis momsaxureba. momsaxure personals ki raSi sWirdeba mecniereba da ganaTleba? unda aRiniSnos, rom es procesebi mxolod dRevandeli saqarTvelosTvis rodia damaxasiaTebeli. marTalia, amdenad ara, magram es yvela im postsocialistur qveyanas axasiaTebs, romelTa xelmZRvaneloba e. w. reformebs saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis rekomendaciebiT da amerikeli mrCevelebis xelmZRvanelobiT axorcielebda. akademiuri mecniereba, faqtobrivad, ganadgurebulia poloneTSi, rumineTSi, bulgareTSi, CexeTsa da sxva aRmosavleTevropul qveynebSi. elcinis periodSi analogiuri safrTxis winaSe dadga mecniereba ruseTSic. es gasagebicaa, radgan Tanamedrove msoflioSi konkurenciis unari mxolod iseT qveynebs aqvT, romelTac samecniero kvlevebis maRali done da mecnierebatevadi maRalteqnologiuri warmoeba gaaCniaT. momavali am qveynebisaa. rac ufro naklebi iqneba aseTi qveyana, miT ufro Zlieri iqneba is saxelmwifoebi, romlebic TavisTan mouyrian Tavs mZlavr samecniero potencials. cnobilia, rom postsocialistur qveynebSi mecnierebis ngrevis Semdeg msxvil mecnierTa umravlesoba SeerTebul StatebSi wavida. aseTive tendenciaa maRalteqnologiuri warmoebebis mxrivac. CexeTi socialistur periodSi 1 miliard dolarze meti Rirebulebis mxolod SeiaraRebis eqsports axorcielebda, dRes ki misi eqsporti 50 milion evros ar aRemateba, vinaidan amerikelebs iaraRis bazarze konkurenti ar esaWiroeba. «narinjisferi revoluciis» Semdeg ukrainam «rekomendacia» miiRo, Seamciros aviamSenebeli, aerokosmosuri mrewveloba da gaafarTovos metalurgiuli da qvanaxSiris warmoeba. _ maxsovs Tqveni statia “gewyinT? gewyinoT!”, romelSic metad mwvaved werdiT inteligenciis pasiurobaze Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi. azri xom ar SegecvalaT? rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT ukanasknel movlenebze Tbilisis universitetSi? (gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi) 2 18-25 noemberi 2014 ilori samegrelosa (odiSis) da afxazeTis istoriuli geografia vaxuSti bagrationis naazrevSi da Tanamedrove istoriografia IV. 3. 3. Sxefis mdebareobis vaxuStiseuli aRwera (,,unagiras mTis Zirzed da texuris dasavlis kidezed“) zustia, magram TviT toponimi damaxinjebuli formiTaa mocemuli. werilobiTi wyaroebidan irkveva, rom mas ,,SxeTi“ ki ara, Sxefi erqva da dResac ase ewodeba. TviT vaxuSti ,,aRweraSi“ sxva adgilas toponims ,,Sxefis“ formiTac moixseniebs: giorgi gurielma ,,moi para Ze giorgi dadianisa mcire levan, patimar-hyo cixesa Sina Sxefisasa“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973: 819); sxvagan aRniSnavs: ,,dadianma Sei pyra mefe levan...… wariyvana odiSs da patimar-hyo cixesa Sina Sxefs“ (iqve: 821). arqanjelo lamberti odiSis samTavros rukaze, texuris marjvena mxares, aRniSnavs sofel Tchuagiochor-s, rac T. beraZis azriT, Sxefis erTi ubani qvaSxoria, xolo mis axlos datanili punqti cixe-simagris pirobiTi niSniT, Sxefis cixe unda iyos (beraZe ,,macne...“, 3, 1971: 151). grigol kaTalikosis 1733 wlis gujarSi dasaxelebulia Sxefi (kakabaZe I, 1921: 143; beraZe sigk, IV, 1971: 56-57). giuldenStedti asaxelebs sofel Sextis, rac, savaraudod, swored Sxefi unda iyos (giuldenStedti I, 1962: 323). XVI saukunis ambebis aRwerisas cixes ,,Sxefis“ saxelwodebiT moixseniebs agreTve niko dadiani (dadiani 1962: 158). Sxefis cixesTan dakavSirebul tragikul moments TviT vaxuSti Semdegi saxiT gadmogvcems: ,,gurieli giorgi kualad ara dascxra Surgebad giorgi dadianisad, moipara Ze giorgi dadianisa mcire levan, patimar-hyo cixesa Sina Sxefisasa, ganzraxvTa mamia dadianisaTa. xolo yrma igi uTminoebiTa tyueobisaTa gardmoiWra cixidam, reca ganltolvad da mokuda“; ,,da Sei pyra mefe levan... wariyvana odiSs da patimarhyo cixesa Sina SxeTs; da mokuda Semdgomad mefe levan patimrobasa Sina SxeTs cixesa Sina“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973: 819, 821). XIX-XX ss. werilobiT wyaroebsa da samecniero literaturaSic dasaxelebulia sofeli Sxefi. odiS-leCxumis daviT dadianiseuli administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis Tanaxmad sujunis mazraSi Semaval 30-mde sofels Soris aris Sxefic (meunargia 1939: 113). amdenad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom sxvadasxva drois dokumentebiT cixesa da mis garSemo mdebare dasaxlebas ewodeboda Sxefi. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom Cven xelT arsebuli erTaderTi wyaro, sadac sofeli SxeTis formiT moixsenieba, vaxuStis Txzulebis garda, aris kavkasiis mxaris 1886 wlis komlobrivi aRweris masalebi, sadac miTiTebulia TeklaTis sasoflo sazogadoebaSi Semavali 229-komliani sofeli SxeTi (m. S. 649 kacia, 564 – qali). Sxefis cixe feodalizmis xanis erTerTi mniSvnelovani da didi moculobis Zeglia, rac mdebareobs senakis munici palitetSi, senaki-martvilis gzatkecilis CrdiloeTiT, unagiras mTis samxreT daboloebaze, goriswverze, gzatkecilidan 1,5 km daSorebiT. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom cixe egrislazeTis samefos daarsebisTanve, kerZod, IV s-Si unda warmoSobiliyo. am epoqis galavani masSi CarTuli koSkiT gamovlinda arqeologiuri Ziebis gziT, rasac gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis miwurulidan awarmoebda naqalaqevis mudmivmoqmedi samecniero eqspedicia p. zaqaraias xelmZRvanelobiT. cixis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT garnizonisTvis gankuTvnili, sworkuTxa moxazulobisa da mcire zomis (4,7X3,8 m) eklesia mdgara, mis maxloblad ki wyalsacavi mouwyviaT. galavnis CrdiloeT xazze gvxvdeba sxvadasxva drois maRali da yru kedlebi, xolo samxreT nawilSi SemorCenilia XVI-XVII ss. saTofeebi. amave droiT TariRdeba cixis zeda, grZeli ezos dasavleTiT mdebare patara ezos garSemovlebuli galavani, calmagi, martivi saTofeebiT (zaqaraia, kapanaZe 1991: 139-150). Sxefis cixes egrisis samefos daSlis Semdegac ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba da rogorc aRvniSneT, gvian Sua saukuneebSi qveynis Tavdacvis sistemaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda. noqalaqevis mudmivmoqmedi samecniero eqspediciis mier ganxorcielebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad SxefSi dadasturda sasaxlis arseboba, rac zeda ezos samxreT-dasavleTiT, nangrevebis saxiT dRemde Semonaxula (SemorCenilia buxari da saZirkveli). mecnierisa da mogzauris – frederik diubua de monperes mier XIX s. 30-ian wlebSi, kolxeTis teritoriaze mogzaurobisas Sesrulebuli naxatis mixedviT, am adgilas sacxovrebeli saxli mdgara, rac swored vaxuStiseuli dadianis sasaxle unda iyos. igive naxatidan irkveva, rom Sxefis cixes sami koSki hqonia. maT Soris erTi, oTxwaxnagovani piramidis formis maRali koSki, oTxqanobiani, aseve piramiduli moyvanilobis saxuraviT, cixis galavnis gareT Yyofila aRmarTuli. TviT sacxovrebeli kompleqsi am koSkis aRmosavleTiT mdgara. naxatze mkafiodaa asaxuli fligelis orqanobiani saxuravi da buxris sakvamle mili, agreTve Sxefis cixis centrSi aRmarTuli didi koSki, momrgvalebuli qvis saxuraviT da meore, galavnis samxreT-aRmosavleT kuTxesTan miSenebuli, konusuri formis saxuravis mqone cilindruli koSki (adamia 51, 1979: 14, 16). IV. 3. 4. senaki. vaxuStis TqmiT, Sxefs zemoT, ,,kidev texurisav kidezed, ars senaks eklesia gumbaTiani, keTilSeni, sayofeli afxazTa kaTalikozisa“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973: 777). arqanjelo lambertis rukaze, mdinareebs – texursa da xobiswyals Soris, Sinaghi-s formiT datanili da imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-is brZanebiT 1737 wels Sedgenil rukaze aRniSnuli senakebi erTsa da imave punqts – dRevandel Zvel senaks gulisxmobs, rac sofeli da Temis centria da q. senakis (uwindeli axalsenakis) Crdilo-dasavleTiT, 7 kmis daSorebiT, naxurisa da texuris xeobebSi mdebareobs. vaxuStiseul senakSic swored axlandeli Zveli senaki igulisxmeba, sadac dgas aguriT nagebi gumbaTiani taZari. vaxuStis zemoT motanili cnobis garda senakSi taZrisa da sakaTalikoso rezidenciis arseboba dasturdeba sxva, ufro adrindeli da mogviano xanis werilobiTi dokumentebiTac. kerZod, 1696-1742 wlebs Soris Sedgenil Sewirulobis wignSi aRniSnulia, rom ,,senaks giorgi gurieli colSviliTa“ biWvinTis RvTismSoblisaTvis SeuwiravT (kakabaZe I, 1921: 155). vamey II dadianis (1658-1661 ww.) Sewirulobis wignSi, rac 1658 wliT TariRdeba, vkiTxulobT, rom odiSis mTavars kaTalikos zaqaria qvarianisTvis uboZebia ,,...senakis saydari... misis Sewirulis mamuliTa da sasaxleebiTa“ (iqve: 59). imave wliT daTariRebuli sxva sabuTi gvamcnobs: ,,...kadreT da SemogwireT Sen caTa mobaZavsa biWvintisa aRTis mSobelsa senaks sawinamZRro saydari da sasaxle srulad misis mamuliTa da oris sasaxliTa... rodesac kzi odiSs mobrZandebodes, juarsa da omfors iq saydarze daasvenebden...“ (iqve: 61-62). sainteresoa giuldenStedtis cnoba, rom odiSSi mdebare soflebi _ senaki ,,orive patriarqisaa, da xobi ukanasknelSi didi eklesiaa“ (giuldenStedti 1962: 325). patriarqSi germaneli mecnieri da mogzauri swored afxazeTis kaTalikoss unda gulisxmobdes. sofeli senaki (axland. Zveli senaki) gvxvdeba sxva araerT istoriul dokumentSi (kekelia... ,,mxareTmcodne II“, 2011: 61). IV. 3. 5. naqalaqevi-cixegoji. vaxuStis aRweriT, ,,...aw senaks zeiT, unagiras ZirSi, ars naqalaqevi, cixegojad wodebuli. es aRaSena a- mefis farnaozis Jams qujim, qalaqi da cixe, da amisi saerisTave iyo sruliad rionis dasavleTi suaneTiT. Semusra yrum, aramed iyo kualad qalaqi, da Semdgomad mooxrda Qqalaqi. aw ars cixe kualad da sasaxle dadianisa“ (vaxuSti IV, 1973: 777). vaxuStis Sexeduleba cixegojis adgilmdebareobaze dadasturebulia naqalaqevSi warmoebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT. 1971 wels dasavleT saqarTvelos saZieobo-arqeologiurma eqspediciam aRmoaCina gvianelinisturi xanis qvevrsamarxi, rac warmoadgenda imis erT-erT safuZvels, rom vaxuStis mier naqalaqevTan gaigivebuli cixe-gojis ageba marTlac quji erisTavis epoqas (Zv. w. III s.) dakavSireboda. garda amisa, naqalaqevis teritoriaze 1973 wlidan warmoebuli arqeologiuri kvleva-Ziebis gziT kidev araerTi Zegli gamovlinda, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom am teritoriaze aramWidrod dasaxlebuli, Tumca sakmaod msxvili, soflis tipis samosaxlo jer kidev Zv. w. VIII s-dan unda arsebuliyo (zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 6971; zaqaraia ,,n. a.“, III, 1993: 147-157; zamTaraZe ,,n. a.“ , III, 1993: 158-175...). naqalaqevi ewodeba texuris marcxena napirsa da mTiskalTaze ganlagebul istoriul cixe-qalaqs, martvili-senakis saavtomobilo gzaze. leonti mrovelisa da juanSeris TxzulebaTa gviandel, XVII s-Si gadawerili xelnawerebis arSiaze gadamwers miuweria: ,,odiSs naqalaqevi“ da ,,cixe-goji naqalaqevia“ (zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 6). lambertis rukaze aRniSnulia punqti Nachalachens-is formiT, rac axlandeli naqalaqevia (beraZe 1967: 74). giuldenStedtis cnobiTac, naqalaqevi ewodeba odiSis Zvelad ganTqmul, axla gaudaburebul qalaqs (giuldenStedti I, 1962: 325). p. zaqaraiasa da n. lomouris msjelobiT ,,noqalaqevis“ xmareba gamarTlebulia am punqtis sxva, amave saxelwodebis matarebeli punqtebisagan gamosarCevad. avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom iv. javaxiSvilma da g. CubinaSvilma germanul enaze daweril moxsenebiT baraTSi Tavi mouyares yvela cnobas arqeopolisis Sesaxeb da upiratesoba mianiWes zepir, adgilobrivi metyvelebidan momdinare formas – ,,noqalaqevi“ (zaqaraia, lomouri ,,Tbilisi“, 1988). cixe-goji Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa da TiTqos daurqmeviaT cixis damaarsebel-amSeneblis saxelis – qujis mixedviT (cixe qujisa–> cixequ,,arqeopolisi“ ji–>cixegoji). bizantielTa mieraa Serqmeuli da ,,Zvel cixes“ niSnavs. ase ixsenieba es cixe bizantiur wyaroebSi ax. w. VI saukunidan. cixis ,,samzRudianoba“ TavdacviTi sistemis Taviseburebis amsaxvelia da miuTiTebs sam, erTmaneTis paralelurad agebul kedel-galavanze. VIII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi arabTa laSqrobis Sedegad ganadgurebuldakninebuli cixegoji, mogvianebiT, XVIXVIII saukuneebSi, mxolod odiSis mTavar dadianTa naTesavebis rezidencias warmoadgenda. vaxuStis mier moxseniebuli dadianebis sasaxle, zogan TiTqmis or metramde simaRlis kedlebiT, gamovlinda naqalaqaris qveda terasis samxreT-dasavleTis monakveTSi, taZris maxloblad. agreTve SemorCenilia dadianebisdroindeli Rvinis sawuri, qvis saqajaviTa da kiris duRabSi Casmuli qvevrebiT. TviT ormoci mowamis saxelobis taZari aq dadianebs sakuTar samarxad gauxdiaT, misTvis sxvadasxva dros mcire samlocvelo da akldama miuSenebiaT, xolo XVIXVII ss. mijnaze taZari mouxatavT kidec (zaqaraia, lomouri... 1984: 24, 27; devdariani, mamaiaSvili ,,n. a.“, III, 1993: 287-292). gviani Sua saukuneebis naqalaqevSi dadianTa cxovrebis Sesaxeb sxva werilobiTi wyaro, garda batoniSvilis zemoT motanili cnobisa, ar mogvepoveba, magram mogviano xanis dokumentebiT dasturdeba, rom dadianebi mosaxleobdnen naqalaqevsa da mis midamoebSi. k. borozdini asaxelebs odiSis mTavar levan dadianTan daaxloebul pirs, mis mrCevelsa da megobars, SeZlebul Tavads – arCil dadians (borozdini 1934: 241-242). naqalaqevSi dadianTa mosaxleobis damadasturebelia agreTve toponimi ,,dadiaSi noxorii“, rasac soflis toponimTa nusxaSi dazustebuli lokalizaciis gareSe asaxelebs g. eliava (eliava 1989: 112). mkvlevari ar aRniSnavs imas, Tu romeli dadiani gaxda am adgilis saxeldebis mizezi, magram CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT TviT toponimis dadasturebac friad sagulisxmo faqtad unda miviCnioT. naqalaqevis maxloblad, mis CrdiloeTiT, mdebareobda agreTve dadianTa saufliswulo mamulebi – berTemi (beTlemi) da uSafaTi. IV. 3. 6. sali partiano, unagira. gvian Sua saukuneebSi texuris xeoba odiSis mTavarTa jer pirveli dinastiis – vardaniZeTa Tu saRiriZeTa, XVIII s. dasawyisidan – meore, CiqvanTa axali dinastiis umcrosi Stos warmomadgenelTa – lipartianTa mflobelobaSi iyo da sali partianod iwodeboda (soselia III, 1990: 85). vaxuSti sali partianos sazRvrebs ase gadmoscems: ,,da ars Wyondididam unagiramde mTis Ziri sali partiano. arian am adgilTa Sina mosaxleni mTavarni da aznaurni, da ars queyana ese mgzavsivakisa da umetes nayofieri da tyiani“ (iqve: 777). maSasadame, vaxuStiseuli daxasiaTebiT sali partianos dasavleTi sazRvari unagiras mTaa. ase iwodeboda mTa, rac, vaxuStis TqmiT, ,,...texuris dasavlis kidursa rionidam warmosdevs... kavkasamde, tyiani da nadiriani“ (iqve: 777). unagira abaSisa da texuris wyalgamyofi qedis saxelwodebaa, rac ramdenime mTis – dadiaS taxtas (sof. zeda sortaSi), naqalaqevis, abedaTisa da kalamonas (sof. naesuuinCxurSi) krebsiTi saxelwodebaa. es mTebi erTmaneTisagan unagiriseburi dadablebiTaa gamoyofili. unagira polisemuri terminia da rogorc geografiuli nomeni, niSnavs unagiris kexiviT Cazneqil adgils serze; uReltexils, gza-gadasasvlels or mTas Sua. samegreloSi am mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs agreTve leqsema ,,godirakili“ (Cadrekili). bizantiuri wyaroebis ,,onogurisisa“ da ,,unagirad“ saxeldebuli abaSa-texuris wyalgamyofi mTaTa sistemis igiveobis Tvalsazriss iziarebdnen T. beraZe, g. eliava da S. jRarkava (beraZe sigk, III, 1967: 163-165; misive sigk, IV, 1971: 57; eliava 1962: 44-45; misive 1971, 1971: 910). naqalaqevis cixesTan texuri unagiras or nawilad kveTs. texuris marjvena mxares aRmarTuli, unagiras qveS nagulisxmevi mTa aRwevs TeklaTamde, ciis xeobamde. amdenad, vaxuSti cdeba, roca wers, rom unagiras mTa texuris ,,dasavlis kidursa rionidam warmosdevs“-o. es mTa iwyeba TeklaTTan da, amasTanave, yovelTvis rodi miuyveba texuris marjvena sanapiros (maruaSvili 1964: 231). unagira//onogurisis sakiTxs Tavis mogzaurobis dRiurSi Seexo niko berZeniSvili, romelic werda: ,,me onoguris cixe vera vZebne, magram im azris ara var, rom is sadRac Rrmad xevSi imyofebodes... ufro sadRac martvilis maxloblad aris saZiebeli... unagiris mTa aq martvilSi gaugoniaT, sadRac Sors, Crdilo-dasavleTiT asaxeleben... vaxuStis ki is cnoba miawodes, rogorc Cans, rom unagiras mTa isaa, romelic mTel sali partianos CrdiloeTidan gasdevs noqalaqevamde... (banZaSi xom ar iyo is cixe onogurisi – onoRia???)“ (berZeniSvili 1990: 462). mkvlevari agrZelebs msjelobas onogurisis mdebareobaze da dasZens: onoRiasTan berZnuli ,,onogurisis“ dakavSirebas TiTqos xels uSlis -ur sufiqsi, rac onoRiaSi ar Cans, magram enobrivi siZnelis miuxedavad materialur-Sinaarsoblivi eTanxmeba wyaroebis Cvenebas da mxars uWers onogurisis dagulebas maincdamainc onoRiaSi (iqve: 465-466). daviT WiTanava im azrisaa, rom onogurisis cixe sefieT-onoRiis midamoebSia saZiebeli (WiTanava 2010). pirveli werilobiTi wyaro, sadac unagiras mTaa moxseniebuli, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aris vaxuSti batoniSvilis naSromi, saidanac amokrefili cnobebis analizi da dasaxlebuli punqtebis (Sxefi, senaki, naqalaqevi, Wyondidi...) adgilmdebareoba cxadyofs, rom aRniSnuli geografiuli obieqti mdebareobda odiSis aRmosavleT nawilSi, texuris xeobaSi, rac dasturdeba toponimuri masalebiTac. g. eliava ,,naxunaos sasoflo sabWos“ toponimTa nusxaSi miuTiTebs ,,unagiras“ da aRniSnavs, rom ase erqva Tamakonisa da naxunaos mTas lebaCiedan saxarbediomde (eliava 1977: 122). igor kekelia (gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi) ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 3 vin daamyarebs samarTlianobas saqarTvelosa da msoflioSi?! (es SeuZlia mxolod ieso qristes) qarTveli xalxi samarTlianobis aRdgenas moiTxovs, anu mas qristes meored mosvla surs. ai, ra unda qarTvelxalxs qvecnobierad. (m. qarTveli) Tanamedrove msoflioSi da adrec, arsebuli sainformacio saSualebebi, wignebi, gazeTebi, Jurnalebi, televiziebi, radio, religiuri saaRmsareblo institutebi,universitetebi, akademiebi da a.S. kino da Teatri xalxebs, RmerTsa (Semoqmedsa) da samyaroze (RmerTis Seqmnilze) uyvebian da aswavlian erTmaneTis gamomricxav ideologiebsa da informaciebs, vin aris marTali? sad SeiZleba movi povoT WeSmariti informacia?! mocemul samarTlian da globalur SekiTxvaze pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania. marTali, WeSmariti informacia RmerTze (Semoqmedze) da mis mier Seqmnil yvelafersa da yoveliveze mocemulia Zveli da axali aRqmis RvTaebriv wignSi, romelsac RmerTi Semoqmedis wminda werili, marTali sityva ewodeba. wmida werili (RvTis marTali sityva) gadmocemulia mokle koduri yovlismomcveli ricxobriv (10) anbanuri (40) sityviT (informaciiT), romlis wakiTxvas da sworad gadmocemas sWirdeba specialuri saRvTismetyvelo codna (romlis Seswavla SeuZlia nebismier saSualo skolis programis mcodne adamians). amrigad, wmida werilebi gadmocemulia da Sedgenilia ormocdaaTi (50) saRvTismetyvelo qarTuli kodiT, romelsac saxarebasa Sina qristes megobari lazare ewodeba. amrigad, RvTis marTali sityva (wmida werili) rom gavSifroT da wignieri kacobriobis gasageb enaze gadmogceT (gadavTargmnoT), manamde unda gavSifroT aTi (10) ricxobrivi da ormoci (40) asobgeriTi koduri informacia, anu gasaSifria qristes qarTuli damwerlobiTi kodi _ lazare, romliTac Sedgenilia dedani wminda werilebi (RvTis rjulis wignebi). imis gamo, rom wmida werilebi war- moadgens dafaruli eniT (specialuri eniT) daweril informacias, Tanamedrove wignieri samRvdeloebisa da mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi misi Sinaarsis mxolod 25%-s igeben marTebulad, xolo 75 %-s arasworad, Tanac isini xedaven, rom 100%-iani WeSmariteba angrevs da miwasTan asworebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi gabatonebul yalb, ormagi standartebiT moqmed msoflmxedvelobebs, xalxTa marTvis mdabio sasuliero da saxelmwifo institutebs. amitomac gaurbian qristes (WeSmaritebas) sasuliero, samecniero da politikuri institutebi, romelTa msoflmxedvelobas, saqmianobasa da mizans ewodeba antiqriste (RmerTTan brZola). aqedan gamomdinare, unda vicodeT, rom Tanamedrove msoflios yvela saxis religiuri, samecniero, politikuri institutebi da sainformacio saSualebebi kacobriobas awvdian 25% marTal da 75% yalb informacias. amis garda, simarTles umalaven kacobriobas da sicrues simarTlis rangSi aswavlian msoflio xalxebs. Tqven dagebadebaT bunebrivi kiTxva, ratom daiwera wmida werilebi (RvTis sityva) dafaruli informaciiT da ara wignieri kacobriobis gasageb enaze? imis gamo, rom kacobrioba (RvTis Svilebi) wuTisoflis dasawyisidan masSi arsebuli RvTiuri informaciiT, arsebobis minimumidan (Tevzis xizilalis sididis kvercxujredidan qristes mosvlamde) gadis 6X6=36 safexuris sulier-sxeulebriv aRdgoma-ganviTarebas. mas gamCeni RmerTisagan eZleva puri arsobisa misi ganviTarebis safexurebisda mixedviT, anu eZleva informaciiis iseTi ufleba (doza), romelsac misi suli da WurWeli daitevs. religiebic (saRvTo swavlebebic) RmerTma msoflios xalxebs (RvTis Svilebs) maTi sulieri simwifis Svideklesiuri dozis Sesabamisi daudgina. rac Seexeba Zveli da axali aRqmis informacias, igi gankuTvnilia maRali sulieri simwifis kacobriobisaTvis, romelic msoflio xalxebs codnis purad miecema qristes meored mosvlis Semdeg (2012-2030 wlebi) rogorc ZuZus balRisTvis ar SeiZleba mZime sakvebis micema, aseve balRurad moazrovne kacobriobisaTvisac ar SeiZleba mZime informaciis micema. amitomac daiwera wmida werilebi (RvTis sityva) dafaruli koduri SifriT. qristes dedamiwaze meored mosvla aris zustad is momenti, rodesac kacobrioba Sedis Tavisi sulieri simwifis wilis miRebis epoqaSi, anu mas udgeba Jami qristes kvarTis miRebisa, RvTis anderZis aRsrulebisa. imis gamo, rom 2012-2015 wlebi Ze RmerTis (ieso qristes) dedamiwaze meored mosvlis wina apokalifsuri periodia, wigniuri kacobrioba aforiaqebulia da ar icis, ra qnas. am dros mis winamZRol sasuliero da politikur elitas sibrZne da codnis Zala ar yofnis kacobriobas miawodos Sesabamisi marTali informacia, raTa gaunelos mas sulieri dabadebis tkivilebi. arc imis unari aqvs, uTxras mas simarTle, rom modis qriste (mesia) da is gauCens samarTals xalxebs da is gaaTavisuflebs kacobriobasd umecrebis (sicruis codnis) monobisagan. qristes mkvlelebis sulieri STamomavloba anu uria-masonebi (mTavari damnaSaveebi) ganageben da marTaven Tanamedrove kacobriobas, romlebic ver (ar) ityvian, samarTlianobis gaCena Cven ar SegviZliao, piriqiT, isini qristianuli moraliT SefuTul sikeTes hpirdebian mas, anu cru qristes misias TamaSoben MmTel saqarTveloSi (`bevri mova Cemi saxeliT da ityvian qriste varo,~ _ saxareba). aba, kargad SexedeT Tanamedrove saqarTvelos da Tvali gadaavleT mis istorias 1989 wlidan dRemde, naTlad Cans uria-masonebma rogor mokles, awames, umowyalod devnes da miwasTan gaaswores qarTuli erovnuli da qristianuli Rirebulebebi. vinc xelisuflebaSi moiyvana SevardnaZe da moqkavSiri, saakaSvili da nacmoZraoba, 2013 wlisaTvis misi boroti saxe gaSiSvlda da xalxma ixila qristes moZule israelis sinagogas boroti ideologia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, evropisa (natos) da noZalade imperiaTa saSineli biurokratia da boroti qristianuli moraliT Sefu- SeTqmulebis mowyobis braldebiT daapatimreben saakaSvils, alasanias, vaSaZes, sayvareliZes, bokerias... ukve aravis epareba eWvi imaSi, rom avadsaxsenebeli “vardebis revolucia” gaxldaT saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, romlis mTavari organizatoris roli Tavis Tavze aiRo “xelisuflebamoyirWebulma” eduard SevardnaZem, mas Semdeg, rac amerikelebisagan xelSeuxeblobis sruli garantia miiRo. magram icoda ra, rom saakaSvili kurdReliviT mxdali da mfrTxali pirovneba iyo, sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg mowyobili revoluciis gadasarCenad SevardnaZem srulad ganaiaraRa Zalovani struqturebi, saakaSvils ki javSanJileti Caacva da Semdeg uSiSroebis ministr xaburzanias daxmarebiTa da mkacri meTvalyureobiT Seyara saakaSvili da mas adevnebuli “biWuSkebi” saqarTvelos parlamentSi. Semdeg ki saakaSvilma marTlac irwmuna rom Ce gevaras msgavsi udreki da uSiSari revolucioneri iyo da, rogorc Cans, garkveuli mkveTri arapolitikuri nabijebi gaakeTa, riTac qarTveli samarTaldamcavebis yuradReba mii pyro. qarTuli masmedia xelisuflebasTan daaxloebul kulvarul wyaroze dayrdnobiT skandalur informacias avrcelebs. saqme exeba Ss-s saministroSi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 315-e muxliT mimdinare gamoZiebas, rac SeTqmulebis an amboxis gziT saxelmwifo konstituciuri wyobilebis, Zaladobriv damxobas an xelSi Cagdebas gulisxmobs. gazeTis wyaros informaciiT, saministro gamoZiebas ukve amTavrebs, am etapze konkretuli pirebis danaSauli gamoikveTa da male maT brals wauyeneben. aRniSnuli danaSauli iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 5-dan 8-wlamde vadiT. gazeTs wyarom Semdegi adamianebis gvarebi miwoda: „eseni gaxlavT _ eqsprezidenti mixeil saakaSvili, misi biZa Temur alasania, parlamentis deputati giorgi vaSaZe, daviT sayvareliZe, giorgi baramiZe, zurab jafariZe, irma nadiraSvili, givi TargamaZe, uSiSroebis sabWos yofili mdivani giga bokeria, aWaris ministrTa sabWos yofili Tavmjdomare, “Tavisufali zonis” xelmZRvaneli koba xabazi da am organizaciis ramdenime lideri,“ _ wers saqarTvelos presa. mokled, droulad gaiqca es arakaci saqarTvelodan, magram mis mier Cadenil danaSaulebs xandazmulobis vada ar gaaCniaT da. adre Tu gvian, saakaSvils aucileblad mouwevs viris abanoSio yuryuti! saqinformi Tuli demokratia, romelmac gaauqma qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifo (lazare mokla) da mis nacvlad Camoayaliba uriul-armenul-masonuri saxelmwifo. ibadeba bunebrivi kiTxva: vin aRadgens boroti msoflios mmarTvelebisagan moklul lazares (saqarTvelos)? ivaniSvili da qarTuli ocneba? – ara, vinaidan Tanamedrove msoflioSi arsebuli ganaTlebis programa iZleva aTeistur-kosmopolitur codnas da msoflmxedvelobas, romelic warmoSobs mwignobarTa da farisevelTa msoflio iseT kastas (sasuliero da politikur elitas), romelic cnobierad dasaWurisebulia samarTlianobisa da kanonis uzenaesobis mimarT. ai, esaa absoluturi realoba, romlis aRqma xelewifebaT mxolod did religiaSi Caxedul erTeulebs. RvTaebrivi saxareba dabejiTebiT gveubneba: mkvdari lazares aRsadgenad mesia ieso qriste modis, aTeul aTasobiT wmidanTan erTad... Zveli da axali aRTqmis saidumlo koduri informaciis gasaRebia qarTuli sameba damwerloba: asomTavruli,xucuri, mxedruli da sameba ena: svanuri qarTuli ena (qami), megruli qarTuli ena (semi) da iberiuli qarTuli ena (iafeTi). Tanamedrove qarTuli samRvdeloeba da mecnierebi imis nacvlad, rom qarTuli damwerlobisa da enis sulier misias aswavlidnen da qristes mosvlas qadagebdnen, borot politikosebs exmarebian qarTveli xalxis motyuebis TaRliTobaSi. ai, aseTia SiSveli simarTle, romelic farTod da siRrmiseulad aris gadmocemuli mirian qarTvelis bolo wignSi: `mkvdari lazares (qarTulis) aRdgena~. Cveni mfarvelia sikvdilisa sikvdiliTa damTrgunveli da saflavTa Sina sicocxlis mimniWebeli macxovari ieso. amin! adamiani, Tundac aTjer profesori da akademikosi, Zveli da axali aRTqmis WeSmarit informacias ver (ar) miiRebs, Tu cidan (mamaRmerTisgan) ara aqvs micemuli Sesabamisi sulieri simwifis xarisxi. murman xubulava ruxis kulturisa da dasvenebis parkis aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi daiwyo ruxis kulturisa da dasvenebis parki unikaluria rogorc merqniani mcenareebis mravalferovani asortimentiT, aseve raodenobiTac. aq xarobs 2.700-mde nargavi: himalauri kedari, zRvispira fiWvi, qsidiebi, urTxeli, ginko, naZvi, piramiduli kviprosi, maradmwvane muxa, koptimeria, cru qafuris xe, sxvadasxva jiSis palmebi, iaponuri zRmartli, kamelia, mtirala tirifi, sulinjis magnolia da sxva. bordiurebis mwkrivze 20.000-mde buCqia darguli: lugustrumi, bza, WanWyaTi... gazonebze daTesilia koindari... parkis mSvenebas warmoadgenen yvavilebi _ sxvadasxva jiSis vardebi: “magari baterflai”, “roza goferi”, “granti”, “narcisi”... klumbebsa da “ragatkebSi” darguli iyo silvia, gromfrena, portulaki, cinia, gladiolusi, mixakebi _ da es mSveneba aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi miviwyebuli da mouvleli iyo _ ozonisa da sijansaRis nacvlad sidamples afrqvevda, ekalbardisa da sarevelebis marwuxebSi Rafavda suls. parks dauflebuli iyvnen mavne mwerebi, qvewarmavlebi, xvlik-gombeSoebi, uwindeli walkoti jojoxeTad iyo qceuli... Cveni araerTgzisi mimarTvis Semdeg xelisuflebam xeli gamoiRo da parki gaiwminda, dasufTavda wminda nikolozis saxelobis eklesiis teritoria, SinmousvlelTa obeliskis Semogareni, daidga ZviradRirebuli dekoratiuli lampionebi... momavalSi gaTvaliswinebulia parkSi bavSvebisaTvis karuselebisa da sasrialo tramplinebis dadgma, sxva gasarTobi saSualebebis montaJi da sxva aleko Todua, “fazisi”-s, “aia”-s da “qaldea”-s akademiebis wevri, naTia jguSia, “fazisi”-s akademiis wevri 4 ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 xjhoj!!lbUbmjlpt!bncsptj!yfmbjbt!!Tftbyfc mkiTxveli ukve icnobs, mweral boris daviTaias naSroms ,,wamebuli patriarqi ambrosi“, romelic Tanmimdevrulad didi xani ibeWdeboda gazeT „iloris“ furclebze. amjerad dainteresebul mkiTxvels saSualeba mieca es masalebi wignad akinZuli waikiTxos. biografiul-dokumenturi prozis saxiT sazogadoebisTvis SeTavazebuli am naSromze avtorma TiTqmis Svidi weli imuSava. komunisturi yofisTvis miuRebeli patriarqis ara mxolod saarqivo masalebi iyo tabudadebuli, aramed idevnebodnen wminda ambrosis naTesavebi da axloblebi. cnobebis simwiris gamo gamoqveynebul masalebSi gai para bevri uzustoba. farTe sazogadoebisTvis TiTqmis ucnobi iyo suliwmindis mSoblebisa da STamomavlebis bedi. erTad Tavmoyrili ar iyo is gamokvlevebi da Sexedulebebi, romlebic cal-calke sakmaod gamoqveynda. gmirebs ar iviwyeben. gmirebi arian yvela sferoSi. wminda eklesiis wiaRSic. amitom iyo, rom saqarTvelos prezidentis 2013 wlis 26 oqtomberis brZanebiT aRmsarebel ambrosis mieniWa saqarTvelos gmiris wodeba. saqarTvelos wmindanTa cxovreba sarwmunoebisa da mamulisadmi erTgulebiTaa gajerebuli, raSic gvarwmunebs Tedore mRvdlis, giorgi mTawmindelis, petre iberis, kirion-2-isa da uamrav sxvaTa sibrZne da simamace. dasaxelebul mRvdelmTavarTa Soris uwmindesi da unetaresi, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaias cxovreba da saqmianoba aris RirsebisTvis wamebuli adamianis xateba. man iRvawa ara mxolod sulieri kanonebiT, aramed me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Rirseulad atara patriarqis mantia. igi ar darCa valSi qarTuli kulturis winaSe. Tamamad gauswora Tvali av bedisweras. maSinac ki, roca SeeZlo mSvidad ecxovra, ar ikadra mitmasnilTa damcirebuli xvedri gaeziarebina da upirvelesma aRmarTa protestis jvari. is savsebiT Segnebulad Seudga golgoTis gzas. cxadia misi sulieri mrwamsi SeuTavsebeli Seiqna imJamindeli yofisTvis, ramac Sva winaaRmdegobis vulkani. es vulkani Smagi ZaliT ekveTa wiTeli burJuaziis uxeS jebirebs da Tu ver gaangria, moaryia is, Sva Semdgomi vulkanuri biZgebi. amiT mogvca magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor unda iqceodes WeSmariti mamuliSvili. am qveynad naklebad moiZebneba pirovneba, romelic gulgrili iyos sakuTari sicocxlisadmi. ambrosi xelaiam dasZla es SiSi da Zrwola samSoblosadmi erTgulebis gamo. winamdebare wigns mwerluri warmosaxvac avsebs. b. daviTaiam miiCnia rom istoriul wyaroebsa da naTesavTa mogonebebze dayrdnobiT Seegrovebina masalebi, Semdeg gaeTbo sakuTar ubeSi da SeeTavazebina Zvirfasi mkiTxvelisaTvis. istoriul masalebis siWarbe emsaxureba imas, rom mkiTxveli darwmundes imJamindel yofaSi, Tu rogor pirobebSi da ra mdgomareobaSi uwevda patriarqs cxovreba da moRvaweoba. wignis SesavalSi mwerali madlobas moaxsenebs yvela mkvlevarsa da Semoqmeds, romelTa naSromebze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebloba mieca Seedgina metnaklebad Sevsebuli da gadamuSavebuli avtobiografiuli wigni. aqve ganmartavs, rom ,,iqneb mkiTxvelma dasvas SekiTxva, ra saWiroa amdeni naSromi, amdeni gamokvleva? me maT Tavad ambrosi xelaias sityvebiT vupasuxeb: ,,xalxs aqvs moTxovna eZebos idealebi Tavis winaprebis cxovrebaSi. patriarqi ambrosi idealia CemSi“. 308-gverdiani naSromi, romelsac erTvis ilustraciebi da gamoyenebuli literatura, poligrafiulad kargad aris Sesrulebuli da igi mniSvnelovani SenaZenia wmindanTa cxovrebisa. aza garuCava sametyvelo bgerebis warmoSobisa da megrul (iberiul) enaSi maTgan mniSvnelobebis miRebis Sesaxeb rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, arsebobs Cx‚ Ziriseul formas bunebrivad Sezrdili r, rac gvaZlevs Ziriseul formebs rCx‚‚ (¬r‚Cx‚‹ Cx‚r‚) da, pirdapir, pirveladi Cx‚r‚, romlisganac gamomdinareobs sityvebi Cx‚ranc‚, Cx‚rafa, Cx‚rafafa da a.S. da arsebobs Cx‚ Ziriseul formas xelovnurad damatebuli r‚, romelTa kompozitisgan Camoyalibda, mag., sityva cxeli. Cx‚r‚fi Cx‚re ®Cxere, ®Cxele, ®Cxeli _®cxeli. Cx‚ Ziriseuli forma Svidtomeulis avtorebs ganxilul ara aqvT. cecxlSi gaxurebul qvas Tu davasxamT wyals, an gaxurebuli foladis Reros CavyofT wyalSi, gavigonebT bgeraTa kompleqss Cx‚-Cx‚-Cx‚... am realobaze xmabaZviT sagnis gaxurebulma mdgomareobam iberiul enaSi miiRo saxeldeba Cx‚, ‚ bgeris gaxmovanebis Semdeg Cxe (cxeli). `Wy‚[‚] Ziriseuli forma, _ ganxiluli aqvT Svidtomeulis avtorebs da aRniSnaven, _ `xmabaZviTia~-o, magram ar akonkreteben ra realobaze xmabaZviTaa igi warmoSobili da ratomaa igi sustis (umweos, ganwirulis) gamomxatveli forma. Wyivian susti arsebebi, moWyarWyarebs male gaSrobadi nakaduli, Wy‚-Wy‚-Wy‚... bgeraTa kompleqsi gvesmis wyliT gaJRenTil WenWyobSi gavlisas da misi aramdgradobis gamo xSirad veflobiT masSi. amitom gvaqvs sityvebi, romlebic sisustes gamoxataven: Wy‚rWyini (WiWyini), Wyivili (Wyiafi), Wyala (wyevla), Wyord‚ (wydeba) WenWyobi da sxva. ramdenad srulyofilad Cavwvdi da aRvwere sametyvelo bgerebis warmoSobis saidumloebani, enaTmecnierebiT dainteresebuli farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da am dargis specialistebis gansasjelia, magram rogorc vnaxeT, mokvleuli maqvs konkretulad yvela Tanxmovani bgerisa da Sesabamisi TanxmovniT gamoxatuli Ziriseuli formebis warmoSobis safuZveli, romlis nawili 2006 wels gamovaqveyne patara wignad (`megruli (iberiuli) enis bgeraTa warmoSobisa da mniSvnelobebis zogierTi sakiTxi~). Semdgom aman momca safuZveli Semeswavla bevri erovnuli warmoSobis uZvelesi sityvis etimologia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, Seufasebelia mama-Svilis m. da c. ZaZamiebis Rvawli mecnierebisa da samSoblos winaSe da Cems publikaciebSi yvelgan vusvamdi xazs maTs damsaxurebas, jer kidev, maTi Svidtomeulis gamoqveynebamde. ai, erT-erTi Cemi misdami Sexeduleba: `es problema (mxedvelobaSi mqonda akad. g. axvledianis mier dasmuli qvemoaRniSnuli amocana) gadauWreli rCeboda manam, sanam msoflio enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebis damamuxruWebel dogmas, enis leqsikis udidesi nawilis aramotivirebulobis, SemTxveviTobis da nebismierobis (pirobiTobis), amasTan, Tanamedrove enebSi Tavdapirveli metyvelebis kvalis ararsebobis Sesaxeb, daamsxvrevdnen mama-Svili m. da c. ZaZamiebi. kvlevis obieqtad airCies ra megruli ena, isini siRrmiseulad Cawvdnen metyvelebis, sityvisa da TviT sametyvelo bgerebis Casaxvis mizezs (Tumca, zogadi debulebis garda, romelime Tanxmovani bgerisa da harmoniuli kompleqsebis warmoSobis safuZveli mcire gamonaklisisa da danarCenis warmomavlobis mSrali miTiTebis (xmabaZviTia, bunebiTia) garda, maTi gamRebi realobebi da maTgan mniSvnelobebis miRebis safuZvlebi arsad ara aqvT dakonkretebuli. k.f.) da warmogvidines orfexa veluri cxovelis gabmuli zmuilidan danawevrebuli adamianuri metyvelebis Camoyalibebis meqanizmi~ (kukuri fifia, megruli (iberiuli) enis bgeraTa warmoSobisa da mniSvnelobebis zogierTi sakiTxi, 2006, gv. 3). xSirad veyrdnobi maT Sromebs da veTanxmebi m. ZaZamias, rom `mecniereba sxva araferia, Tu arada WeSmaritebis warmoCena. WeSmaritebaa, magaliTad, isic, rom wvims da Tovs, magram amis qaRaldze aRniSvna Tu zepiri gacxadeba, mecniereba ver iqneba. magram, axsna imisa, Tu ra iwvevs wvimasa da Tovls, ukve mecnierebaa, da amgvari ram pirveladaa warmoCenili, mecnierul aRmoCenad iTvleba~ (g-Ti `ilori~ 27 maisi _ 3 ivnisi 2014 weli, me-4 sveti). e. i. dedamiwis flora da fauna `dajildoebulia erTi saerTo TvisebiT Tu unariT _ bgerebis gaRebiT~, magram bunebis mier gaRebuli auracxeli bgeris (ix. m. ZaZamia, c. ZaZamia, enis warmoSobis saidumloeba, 1997, gv. 30-31) `qaRaldze aRniSvna Tu zepiri gacxadeba, ver iqneba mecniereba~, xolo, maTive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `axsna imisa, Tu ra iwvevs~, magaliTad, bgeraTa kompleqss Cx‚ r‚r‚r‚-s, rogor Camoyal- ibda es Sorisdebuli Ziriseul formad rCx‚‚ da ris safuZvelze miiRo man recxvas mniSvneloba, `ukve mecnierebaa~. h. fenrixma da z. sarjvelaZem wignSi `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni~ warmoadgines sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva avtorTa mier moZiebuli 1500-mde Ziriseuli forma, magram maTi warmomavloba da maTgan mniSvnelobebis miRebis safuZvlebi ar ukvleviaT. rogorc aRvniSneT, Svidtomeulis avtorebma dReisaTvis ukve moiZies 6652 Ziriseuli forma da maTi saafiqsacio saSualebebi (prefiqsebi, infiqsebi, sufiqsebi), e.i. Seasrules warmoudgenlad titanuri mecnieruli samuSao, magram mcire gamonaklisisa da TiTo sityviT (xmabaZviTia, bunebiTia) miTiTebis garda, ver vnaxe (iqneb me ver vnaxe), konkretulad ama Tu im Ziriseuli formis warmomavlobisa da maT mier mniSvnelobis miRebis mtkicebebi, Tundac, im doneze, rogorc es me SevZeli rCx‚‚, rty‚, ty‚, Cx‚, Wy‚ da sxva Ziriseuli formebis mimarT (Tumca, yvelafers erT kacs ver mosTxov). amasTan, Tu gaviziarebT msoflioSi erT-erTi uZlieresi fonetikosis akad. giorgi axvledianis azrs, rom `sametyvelo bgeraTa warmoSobis gadaWras SeuZlia gadamwyveti sityva Tqvas saerTod metyvelebis warmoSobis sakiTxSi, radganac araferi enobrivi araa iseTi saerTo ram yvela enisaTvis, rogorc fizikur-biologiuri bgeris gamoyeneba sametyvelo masalad~ (g. axvlediani, zogadi fonetikis safuZvlebi, 1999, gv. 390) da ganvixilavT am sakiTxSi Cems mier Sesrulebul samuSaos, did codvad ar unda CameTvalos Cemi Tamami ganacxadi: `mama-Svilis m. da c. ZaZamiebisa da Cems garda, Ziriseuli formebis kvleva aravis uwarmoebia~-meTqi. magram es iwyina b-nma mamantim da erT-erT satelefono saubarSi miTxra: `Ziriseuli formebis kvlevis Seneuli meTodi arasworia da ar SemiZlia gverdiT dagidgeo~. Ziriseuli formebis kvlevis Cems mier SemuSavebuli meTodi ramdenad srulyofilia, amas momavali gaarkvevs da aucilebelicaa, magram, cxadia, aseTi meTodiT kvleva Cemamde aravis uwarmoebia da, ra Tqma unda, ucnobia enaTmecnierebisaTvis, rac aRniSna, kidec, cnobilma enaTmecnierma avTandil arabulma Cemi naSromis `ra enaze metyvelebdnen iberebi?~ recenziaSi. amaze vakeTebdi yovelTvis aqcentirebas, Torem, ra Tqma unda, didi mkrexeloba iqneboda Cemi mokrZalebuli naSromebis avtors fiqradac rom gamevlo gulSi 25000 tomeulis (kompiuteruli versia) Semqmneli genialuri mecnieris simaRleze dadgoma, an misi CamoqveiTeba Cems donemde. magram bunebis Seuvali kanoni aseTia: urTierT sapirispiro cnebebisa da realobebis gareSe, samyaro ver iarsebebda. ver iarsebebda maRalxarisxovani mdares gareSe. maRali dabalis gareSe, naTeli bnelis gareSe da a.S. da a.S. da bolos, didi (mamanti ZaZamia) pataras (kukuri fifias) gareSe. amitom unda viarseboT orivem mSvidad da harmoniaSi. me mudam meqneba didi mamanti ZaZamias pativiscema da ver warmomidgenia Zala, romelic misdami damokidebulebas Semacvlevinebs. me arasodes miTxovia, damideqiT gverdiT da gamamagrebineT Cemi Sexedulebebi-meTqi. piriqiT, recenzentebs vTxovdi yovelTvis da vTxov kidec, daundobeli, magram obieqturi iyon Cemi naSromebis mimarT. asea ukeTesi mecnierebisa da, saerTod, sazogadoebis ganviTarebisaTvis. miuxedavad Sesrulebuli titanuri Sromebisa, vfiqrobT, mamanti ZaZamia da, aseve, vercerTi sxva didi mecnieri ver ityvis, rom Cemi muSaobis sferoSi amovwure yvelaferi da sxvaTa Careva zedmetiao. rac Seexeba winamdebare gamokvlevas, wamoweuli sakiTxis srulyofilad Seswavlis pretenzia ara maqvs, magram Tavad sakiTxi enaTmecnierebaSi dRemde Seswavlil sakiTxebze naklebRirebuli ar unda iyos da mrCeba imedi, rom momavali Taobis enaTmecnierebi, maTs xelSi arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebisa da enaTmecnieruli meTodebis gamoyenebiT, CauRrmavdebian sakiTxs da mecnierul-akademiurad srulyofil naSroms miawodeben dainteresebul sazogadoebas. kukuri fifia, `fazisisa~ da `aias~ saero-samecniero akademiebis wevri, kolxuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlisa da dacvis asociaciis vice-prezidenti ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 Ria werili amerikaSi moRvawe “profesors” dodona kizirias araviTari survili ar mqonda pasuxi gameca TqvenTvis, radgan avadsaxsenebeli “nacionalebis” brma mxardamWeri (“brma” Tu angaJirebuli _ es kidev calkea dasazustebeli) brZandebiT, nacionalebi ki politikuri leSebi arian da amieridan aqeben Tu agineben, es dids arafers Secvlis maT raobaSi, amitom, nacebsa Tu maT mxardamWerebTan davas drois fuWad gaflangvad miviCnev. Cemi guliswyroma gamoiwvia Tqvenma ramdenime publikaciam, romelic gaJRenTilia brma “aranasiZulviliT yovelive cionalurisadmi” da gundrukis kmeviT msoflio politikis istoriaSi “Seuracxadis” saxeliT Sesuli somexi daSnakis saakaSvilisadmi. sainteresoa, riTi mogxibles ase saqarTvelos damangrevelma nacionalebma da maTma dorblianma beladma? im fulebiT xom ara, romelsac es saqarTvelos damaqcevrebi uxvad urigebdnen TavianT evroamerikel “misionerebs”, raTa piari gaeCaRebinaT, Savrazmeluri, “nacionaluri mkvlelTa legioni moZraoba” progresul politikur Zalad warmoeCinaT, maTi mosulelo, meqalTane, sisxlismsmeli, sulierad da zneobrivad maxinji, ukulturo da gaunaTlebeli beladi saakaSvili ki “demokratiis Suqurad” waredginaT qrTams daxarbebuli evroamerikeli homoseqsualebisaTvis? sxva pasuxi ar moiZebneba _ Cemi azriT Tqvenc iseTive fulze sulgayiduli arseba brZandebiT, rogoric bevri sxva angaJirebuli kosmopoliti, romelTac saqarTvelo mxolod im nazuqad miaCndaT, romelic dinjad unda daWra da miirTva. da marTlac amoisunTqa qarTvelma erma maSin, roca mtkice uari uTxra avadsaxsenebel nacionalebs da nazuqi bevrad naklebad surnelovani, magram maTTvis Rirseuli gadamJavebuli kerZiT Seucvala. swored amas ver inelebT Tqven da Tqvennairi sulgayiduli vaiqarTvelebi da axla mxolod imis imediT suldgmulobT, rom istoriis Carxi ukuRma datrialdes da nacionalebTan erTad im salafavidan gaagrZeloT Tqvlefa, rasac saxelmwifos biujeti hqvia! ver moeswrebiT, kosmopolito kiziria, Tqven da Tqvennairi viTom qarTvelebi am aSkarad maxinji ocnebis axdenas _ rac ginaxavT, veRar naxavT! namdvilad arakolxuri, amazrzeni da saZraxisia Tqveni opusi, sadac qarTvel msaxiob qals lali baduraSvils utvinos uwodebT. me ar vicnob qalbaton lalis da arc mis inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebze gamaCnia amomwuravi Tu zedapiruli informacia, magram is, rom man ekranze gaacocxla didi konstantines gmiri qali _ Sorena, ukve miuCens qalbaton lalis Rirseul adgils saqarTvelos avtoritetul Svilebs Soris. Tqven ra konkretuli sikeTe mohgvareT saqarTvelos, Tundac amerikaSi yofnisas, garda avadsaxsenebeli “nacionalebis” brma mxardaWerisa, eg kidev sakiTxavia! da Tu lali baduraSvils nacionalebi da saakaSvili ar uyvars, es misi da im milionobiT xalxis piradi azria, romelmac didi xania zurgi Seaqcia am politikur araraobebs! Tqven gSurT qalbatoni lalis silamazisa, rogorc Cveulebriv jojos uvsebs Tvals gedis xibli, magram lali RmerTma gaaCina aseTi, da Tqvenc RmerTma gagaCinaT iseTi _ rogoric xarT _ es arc Tqveni bralia da arc lali baduraSvilis damsaxureba _ es winaprebisagan boZebuli genetikuri xazia, razedac qvemoTac gveqneba saubari. ai, rogori daboRmili da Suriani arseba brZandebiT Tqven, qalbatono kiziria! nuTu erTxel mainc ar dafiqrebulxarT imaze, Tu ratom surda saakaSvils saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis quTaisSi gadatana, ratom akafinebda kaxel glexebs venaxs, ratom xocavda axalgazrdebs quCebSi dRisiT-mzisiT. ratom clida saqarTvelos qarTvelebisagan da ratom uqmnida mosaxleobas autanel socialur da yofiT pirobebs? nuTu ar iciT, rom es da sxva mravali siavkace mravalsaukunovani daSnakuri ocneba gaxlavT, rac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gasomxebas gulisxmobs? magram TqvenTvis mTavaria is ocdaaTi vercxli, romelsac daSnaki saakaSvili da misi damqaSebi gixdidnen saqarTvelos daqcevisaTvis da ara qveynis saZirkvelze dadebuli ocdaaTi aguri! ai, aseTi “kolxi” brZandebiT Tqven, qalbatono kiziria! Tqvenda sabednierod kargad var aRzrdili da vici, Tu ra ar unda akadro qals, Tundac igi amas imsaxurebdes, Torem im sityvebis patrons, rasac Tqven gulisamrevi isteriiT iyenebT im Rirseuli adamianebis mimarT, romlebic ruseTTan keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis aRdgeniT cdiloben saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli teritoriuli problemebis gadaWras, naRdad ekuTvnis Tavze nagviT savse saTlis wamomxoba! Tqven arSemdgari adamiani xarT, Seuxedavi, saqmeebSi arc Tu didad warmatebuli da amitomac gZulT moxdenili, saqmiani da keTilSobili adamianebi! ver daveTanxmebi im azrs, adamianze rom ityvian: ra kargi pirovnebaa, rogori kulturuliao! Cveni Sinagani kultura araa Cveni damsaxureba _ igi winaprebis mier Cveni xerxemlis tvinSi memkvidreobiT gadmocemuli genetikuri kodia, rac evoluciuri procesi gaxlavT. Cveni damsaxureba gaxlavT Cveni ganaTleba _ ramdenime wlis SromiT miRebuli codna, romelic revoluciuri procesi gaxlavT. rogorc Cans, mTlad tlu da gaunaTlebeli pirovneba ar unda iyoT, radgan sakuTar personas “profesorad” moixseniebT. ase rom, Tqveni TvalSisacemi ukulturoba, rac Tqvens ubadruk opusebSi gamosWvivis, Tqveni winaprebis bralia da ara Tqveni _ radgan swored maTgan wamosulma genetikurma signalma dagtovaT miyruebuli soflis avyia dedakacis mentalur doneze! iqneb sicocxlis daisSi mainc gaakeToT swori arCevani, radgan dro aSkarad aRar muSaobs Tqveni da istoriis sanagveze mosrolili nacionalebis sasargeblod! mainc keTili survilebiT, roland jalaRania, poeziis kuTxe bJa do ma gobarCxalu bJaq gvalaSe, tans rgil hava munmoqundu, gebdirT, Cxanas quRaWale: - muSen mecil, hamas blurdu. Cxanaq miwu – goxioldas, Cqim xeS ginofuConafa, vara arT dRas vabZirunq do mus goxvaru SxvaS „Cxonafa“… Tim ndRar ukul, ir oWmares eTmobdirTuq ialonSa, xe do pijis Cxana mibons, TiS sitibas fxvamanq oSSa! * * * miSuojanuq narRiS SqarTuns... varT Tuns, mara gurs muT varTuns marTus dinolafir rina?! nina akokiler mafu, eSmalafu... eS, malafuns, muWoT afuns falir Txina! ekeniaS oWumare muWo miჸors damorCiliS, ekeniaS oWumare, bJa daRaras barCxalans do hamo Cxoriefi mare, uCaRaliS masqur irqens, gurs xioliS Wara mare, Sara vare, madinafus, veludirTe vamexvare… mara vorwyeq, oragades, muki ubadoba gare Tecal borjis moko eble, moko ible, moko bRvare, gazeT “iloris” mTavri redaqtori muTun giSaular vare, CqiCquSoro P.S. gTxovT yvelas, ersa da bers, gilengare, vaxvar gaRas muTun kvaRa, oko didsa da pataras, miawodoT es werxanda oko Ware! ili qalbaton kizirias, radgan me ar gamaCnia arc misi koordinatebi da arc masTan urTierTobis funs afuni survili! afuns duSu gargaliSa kaba, r.j. quguqargaf Zicasჸunel piref. prankeri vovani 4 Tve urekavda bomJ da aralegal saakaSvils da Tavs ministr avakovad asaRebda, miSa ki mas interpolTan gamosarClebas da Zmis _ daviTis gaTavisuflebas sTxovda, ris gamoc senator makkeinTan saubari mouwyo! ukraineli msaxiobi _ prankeri, metsaxelad „vovani“ LifeNews-is eTerSi mixeil saakaSvilTan Tavis urTierTobebze mohyva. aRmoCnda, rom ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi prankeri vovani saakaSvils urekavda da Tavi ukrainis Sinagan saqmeTa ministr arsen avakovad warudgina! satelefono xulignis TqmiT, mixeil saakaSvili amerikel politikosebs aRar ainteresebT. saqarTveloSi misi gasamarTleba surT da manac, egona ra, rom ukrainis Ss ministrs elaparakeboda, sTxova xeli moewera interpolSi gasagzavn saproteqcio werilze, romelic Tavad dawera. „saakaSvilma mTxova, rom xeli momewera werilisTvis da interpolSi gamegzavna. Zalian eSinia, rom saerTaSoriso ZebnaSi gamoacxadeben da saqarTveloSi gaagzavnian. werilis naxvisas didxans vicine. iq sakuTar Tavs evropaSi TavisuflebisTvis gamoCenil mebrZols uwodebs“, _ hyveba prankeri vovani. amasTan, satelefono xuliganma ivarauda, rom mixeil saakaSvili aSS-Si „Citis uflebebiT“ sargeblobs (anu is aralegali da bomJia). roca vovanma mas senator jon makkeinTan dakavSireba sTxova ukrainaSi iaraRis miwodebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos yofilma liderma prankers survili Seusrula, Tumca senators gansakuTrebuli yuraReba ar gamouCenia saakaSvilis Txovnisadmi. „Tavidan vfiqrobdi, rom saakaSvils amerikaSi seriozuli gavlena hqonda, Tumca aRmoCnda, rom es ase ar aris. igi didxans mpirdeboda evropis sakiTxebSi aSS-is prezidentis mrCevelTan dakavSirebas, Tumca es ar momxdara. Tavad makeinTan saubari arc ise xangrZlivi gamodga, aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos yofili prezidenti aSS-Si Citis uflebebiT imyofeba“, _ ambobs prankeri vovani. morigi saubrisas saakaSvilma „avakovs“ piradi TxovniT mimarTa _ gadaeWra misi Zmis _ daviTis problemebi, romelsac ukrainis xelisufleba vadagasuli vizis gamo kievidan deportirebas upirebdnen. „piradi Txovna maqvs. Cemi Zma axla borsi polis aeroportSia, is gaaCeres. wels mas 90 dReze meti aqvs gatarebuli 5 ukrainaSi, misi ukan deportireba undaT. saqarTveloSi es politikuri skandali iqneba. SegiZlia Caerio?“ _ sTxova daxmareba saakaSvilma. „sinamdvileSi is ukrainul kompaniebTan muSaobs, yvelaferi legaluradaa. ubralod, am 90-dRianma wesma avtomaturad imuSava. amis Tavidan acileba rom SeiZebodes, ukrainaSi Tavis mdgomaroebas uproblemod daaregulirebda. axla iq zis, erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi SesaZloa ukan gamoaZevon da es maSinve skandals gamoiwvevs“, _ saqarTvelos eqsprezidenti. mixeil saakaSvilis Zmas 2006 wlidan 2012 wlamde iusticiis umaRlesi skolis xelmZRvanelis posti ekava. prezident SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis xanaSi igi saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros sistemis kadrebis atestaciis process xelmZRvanelobda. aseve ityobinebodnen, rom igi „visolis“ benzingasamarTi sadgurebis _ faqtobrivi da wyneTSi mdidruli saxlis mflobelia. saxelganTqmuli naTesavis TqmiT, daviTi axla ukrainaSi biznesiTaa dakavebuli. prankerma gadawyvita eqsprezidents daxmareboda da aeroportsa da sasazRvro samsaxurSi dareka, Tumca amjerad Tavi avakovis mrCevlad _ anton geraSCenkod warmoadgina. ramdenime zaris Semdeg deportaciis sakiTxi gadaiWra. amis Sesaxeb prankers Tavad aeroportSi myofma daviTma Seatyobina. mogvianebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom problema gadaWrilia, xuligans aeroportis TanamSromlebmac acnobes. qarTvelebo! da es idioti Tqveni prezidenti iyo 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi?! pranki (ingl. Prank _ oini, gamoxtoma, celqoba, ancoba) _ satelefono xulignoba, satelefono oinia. adamianebi, romlebic prankis praqtikas ewevian, prankerebad iwodebian. prankerebi axorcieleben satelefono zarebs (Cveulebriv, anonimurs) Tavisi msxverplisadmi da, provokaciisa da xumrobis meSveobiT, msxverpls did sapasuxo reaqcias aiZuleben. saqinformi gasxapana, qomjgunano daba karkacana masqvamia ciref. uxane do uxeneli ixi qimkodine, masqur iqaqalu, gondRulafe ekonia Wixi, farfalia farfal ifarfalu. * * * so mantired Te ჸorofa guriS tombas makvirendu. Wvalmegamil, naWorofu, sqan sitibas bnakverandi. alemgardi, olafares alatebul cindalcalo... ugufal do uჸofares _ Zel do Zvali macancalu. vadmacalu gopirua afuns mokaTafil Cxuruq... narRiS daCxirs vofurua do nakvaCxirs muwmobRuruq. * * * qaSamWof do akobborkin, vamitenq do giჸunq jalo. Surubado, furi morkin, vadmaTxinu ZaTanZalo. aჲSa arTi gumorduni, ase gomre viTi gvalo. mu didaS bJaq gumobrduni, Surs gimoxe nabarbalo. ჸanWicalo mugadiarq do si mikmodinuq valo... gvalo dudiSia ჸofeq gumaTeo Zel do Zvalo?! giga qavTaraZe 6 ioane naTlismcemelma ieso qristes movlinebaSi mamlis yivilis (yioni) roli Seasrula. Tu ratom mamlis yivilis roli, amaSi axlave davrwmundebiT. rodesac mamali iyivlebs (yioni), aucileblad gaTendeba (Tanafa-gaTeneba), magram “Tanafa” megrulad aRdgomasac niSnavs, mamalma iyivla (yioni), anu ioane (yioni-iona) naTlismcemelma iwinaswarmetyvela iesos movlineba, iseso qriste moevlina qveyanas, rasac mohyva misi mowameobrivi sicocxle da jvarcma, bolos ki moxda misi aRdgoma (Tanafa-gaTeneba). yioni (yivili) ganxorcielda pirovnebis saxiT ionaSi (ioaneSi). am SualedSi, gaTenebamde droSi Semodis iesoSi qriste da yalibdeba is rogorc RmerTi. mamaRmerTis nebiT is jvars ecva, misi wveTi sisxlisa ecema dedamiwaze, romelzec is aRtacebiT ambobs: “aha, aRsrulda”. e.i. miwieri, anu adamiani daukavSirda ciurs, anu RmerTs da qristes aRdgomasTan erTad Sewyda sulis gafantva, anu qvesknelSi damarxva, e.i. moxda kacobriobisaTvis sulieri gaTeneba anu Tanafa. rogorc cnobilia, kolxuri tomebi ganfenilni iyvnen, rogorc Savi, aseve xmelTaSua zRvis auzebSi. maT Soris palestinaSi da araferi gasakviri imaSi ar unda iyos, rom es upirvelesi qristianuli misteriaa da am misteriis erT-erTi mTavari monawilis-ioanes saxeli pirdapir kavSirSi iyos kolxeTTan. kolxeTTanaa dakavSirebuli TviT toponimi “golgoTa”; gola-goTe (mTa, goraki _ naTeli, mziani, uCrdilo, utyeo). marTlac golgoTa aseTi iyo “qriste”-s epoqaSi. amis Sesaxeb Cven vwerdiT Jurnal “aia”-Si, sadac gamovaqveyneT statia: “kolxizmebi qarTulsa da sxva enebSi” (Jurnal “aia” 7, 1991 weli, gv.37-39). aseve toponimi “sodomi”, romelic Cveni azriT momdinareobs kolxuri “codami”-dan rac niSnavs codvians: amas ki me mgoni komentaric ar sWirdeba, radganac yvelas gagonili aqvs am bibliuri qalaqis codvebis Sesaxeb. axla anTroponim “mavzolis” Sesaxeb. kariis (mxare mcire aziaSi) mefe Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-4 saukuneSi. misi mefobis dros karia ganTavisuflda sparselebis batonobisgan. mavzolma dedaqalaqi gadaitana milosidan halikarnasSi da swored halikarnasSi aRimarTa mavzoleuli mis saxelze, romelic Semdgom gaxda erT- ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 erTi msoflios Svid saocrebaTa Soris. rogorc istoriidan aris cnobili mavzolma (mavzoli da ara mavsoli, romelic modis berZnulidan, radganac berZnulSi ara gvaqvs bgera _ “z” da raSic aqve davrwmundebiT) Tavisive sicocxleSi isurva, rom mis saflavze aRemarTaT akldama da aseve cobilia, rom akldamis mSenebloba daiwyo, rodesac is jer kidev cocxali iyo. mas marTlac usurvebia, radgan kolxurad “me visurve” gamoiTqmis rogorc “ma vizali” saidanac sabolood miviReT mavzoli. rogor unda gadaqceuliyo es fraza akldamis saxelad? pirvel rigSi gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom msgavsi saxelebi megrulSi Zalzed gavrcelebulia. magaliTad mokodi (mindodi), vamokodi (ar mindodi), vaRuria (ukvdavi) da a.S. xolo rac Seexeba evropaSi Zalzed gavrcelebuli saxelis da gvaris “korneli” (magaliTad cnobili frangi dramaturgi korneli da sxva), es sityva gamodis kolxuri “korineli”-dan rac niSnavs-ndomas, survils, nandurs. ase, rom SesaZlebelia,rom mavzolis marTlac rqmeoda es saxeli ma-vizali. meores mxriv da rac Cven ufro sarwmunod migvaCnia aris is, rom TviTon mavzolma isurva, swored mcenareTa ayvavileba, rusuli первый- pirveli, inglisuri firstpirveli, berZnuli protos–pirveli, prowin, windawin, winaswar, laTinur iprae– igive mniSvnelobiT, laTinuri primapirveli da mravali sxva. yvela am sityvis amosavalia kolxuri sityva pir-ua kvirtis sxma, gafurCqvna, ayvavileba. swored am sityvis fuZe “pir”, “pr” uzis yvela zemoT CamoTvlil sityvebs fuZed da swored misgan momdinareobs is semantikuri mniSvnelobebi, romlebic maT Semdgom miiRes. es erTi mxriv. meore mxriv megrulSi sityvebi T-xorua (damarxva) da xorua (dasaxleba) erT fuZezea agebuli (amave fuZisaa rusuli хоронить _ damarxva). ras unda niSnavdes es? Cemi azriT, radgan Zvelebis rwmeniT maT uSenebdnen piramidebs, mavzoleumebs, akldamebs da saerTod samarovnebs, romlebSic Caatandnen xolme sxvadasxva nivTebs, romeli nivTebic maT TiTqos dasWirdebodaT sikvdilis Semdeg. amitom es erTi mxriv iyo Txorua (damarxva), xolo meore mxriv xorua (dasaxleba), radganac piramidebis, mavzoleumebis, akldamebis da samarovnebis ageba aranakleb rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo iyo, vidre im nagebobebis ageba, rom- rom misi sikvdilis Semdeg akldamas darqmeoda mis mier warmoTqmuli es fraza ”ma vizali” (me visurve). rogorc cnobilia karielebi ar iyvnen indoevropuli tomebi da kariis mefis mavzolis Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli etimologias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, cxadi xdeba, rom isini ueWvelad kolxur samyaros ekuTvnodnen. axla rac Seexeba kidev erT saocrebas “piramidis” etimologias. megrulad “pir-ua” niSnavs kvirtis sxmas, gafurCqvnas, xolo “piri” aris kokori; yvavili. ase,rom pirami (rac warmoadgens sityva piramidis fuZes) niSnavs pirians, anu kvirtis, kokoris formians. vinc gazafxulze dakvirebia yvavilis kvirts, kokris gamosxmas, is dagverwmuneba, rom piramidebs marTlac swored kvirtis, kokrisforma aqvs. qarTuli “pirveli”, aseve “aprili”, romelic dakavSirebulia laTinur aprilis-Tan da Sesulia mraval indoevropul enebSi. aprilSi xdeba lebic maT sWirdebodaT sicocxlis periodSi. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom sityvebis “piramida” da “mavzoleumi” dakavSireba kolxur samyarosTan SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, saidanac Tavis mxriv gamodinareobs, rom msoflios Svidi saocrebidan oris setimologias kolxeTTan mivyavarT. “nefele” berZnul miTologiaSi RrubelTa qalRmerTia. aTamantis pirveli coli, friqses da heles deda. aseve berZnulad niSnavs Rrubels. megrulad Rrubeli munafaa, Cveni azriT megrul formas boloSi unda hqondes dakarguli “la” postformanti e. i. unda yofiliyo munafala, rac niSnavs “ ra aRmonaceni.” gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT “ra anaorTqli”, marTlac Rrubeli dedamiwis zedapiridan anaorTqli wyliT miiReba. axla gasagebia, rom nefle miRebulia nafala-sgan, romelsac CamoSorebuli aqvs preformanti mu(ra) da es sityva kolxuri warmomavlobisaa, „Opus Dei“ radganac azrobrivad aixsneba mxolod kolxuriT. ase, rom berZnuli (pelasguri) nefele da kolxuri munafa erTidaigive Zirisgan gamodis. am sityvis aseTnairi etimologia kidev erTxel adasturebs pelasgur-kolxuri samyaros erTgvarovnebas, igiveobas da aqedan Cans agreTve, Tu rogor xdeba TandaTanobiT, enaTa daSoriSoreba da diferenciacia. amiT, aq unda SevwyvitoT sxvadasxva enebis sityvaTa Cveneuli etimologiis CamoTvla, radganac sagazeTo masStabebi metis saSualebas ar iZleva. Cven araerTi statia mivuZRveniT am sakiTxs da warmovadgineT ramodenime aseuli sityva, romlebic Tavis mxriv, rogorc saleqsikono masala ramodenime aTas erTeuls moicavs. sabolood, rogorc davinaxeT msoflios civilizebuli erebis enebSi mravladaa mimofantuli kolxuri enis sityvaTa Zirebi. kidev meti, civilizebuli erebis enebis nebismieri sityva gaSifvradia kolxuri enis meSveobiT; mxolod egaa, rom yvelafers Tavisi dro aqvs “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes, ara saqme ar iqmnebis”. yvelafer amaSi ki RmerTis xeli uervia, esRmerTis saqmea („OpusDei”-a) da aqedan isic kargad sCans Tu vin aris RmerTis mier rCeuli xalxi. blomad arian CvenSi da ara marto CvenSi pirovnebebi, romlebsac ar awyobT kolxuri enis aRorZineba, radganac isini fiqroben, rom Tu es gamoaSkaravda, maTi roli msoflio civilizaciis ganviTarebaSi gafermkTaldeba da swored amitomaa, rom Tanamedrove samyaro gadmobrunebul piramidas daamsgavses. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT yvelaferi es droebiTia da yevlas miezRveva is, rasac imsaxurebs. am rwmenis safuZvels maZlevs isic, rom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gamoCndnen pirovnebebi, romlebic yvelafers akeTeben imisTvis, raTa mTelma samyarom dainaxos da gaigos Tu ras emyareba msoflio civilizacia, ra iyo mis balavarSi Cadebuli, vis mier iqna mitacebuli sxvaTa namoRvawari da amiT sabolood cdiloben am gadamobrunebuli piramidis Cveul mdgomareobaSi dabrunebas. rogorc wminda werilSia naTqvami: vinc pirevli iyo ukanasknel Jamsac is iqneba pirveli. Cven ki vcdilobT am did saqmeSi mciredi wvlilis Setanas da Cveni mizanic swored es aris. nugzar kvaSilava “fazisi”-s akademiis namdvili wevri “evropasa da amerikas aklia firosmani, gudiaSvili, gamrekeli, iSxneli...” _ aRmoaCine saqarTvelo piter skinerTan erTad amerikelma istorikosma piter skinerma inglisur enaze gamosca saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb wigni. sqeltaniani Georgia land Below The Caucasus ukve iyideba amerikaSi, inglissa da saqarTveloSi. piter skineri msoflio sazogadoebisTvis kargad nacnobia wigniT “msoflio savaWro centri”, romelic 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris teraqtidan mokle xanSi gamoica da rva enaze iTargmna. skineri cota xnis win saqarTveloSi imyofeboda. saqarTveloTi misi daintereseba ilia WavWavaZis “gandegiliT” dawyebula. ramdenime wlis win man marjori uordropis naTargmni qarTuli poema waikiTxa da rogorc ambobs, monusxa nawarmoebSi aRwerilma darialis mTebma. amitomac gadawyvita, ufro meti scodnoda im qveynis Sesaxeb, sadac “gandegili” daiwera. istorikosi biblioTekaSi wavida da momsaxure personalTagan erT-erTs sTxova daxmareboda sasurveli informaciis moZiebaSi da ras warmoidgenda, rom biblioTekis uamrav TanamSromels Soris maincdamainc qarTveli Sexvdeboda. piter skineri: “Cem win mdgom biWs poema vaCvene da vuTxari, rac msurda. gaeRima, am poemis avtori qarTvelia, ilia WavWavaZe, nawarmoebSi saqarTveloa aRwerili da mec qarTveli var, vaxtangi mqviao. saqarTveloSi vaxtangis biZaSvilma, beso kiziriam mimaspinZla. samjer Camovedi, besom momatara saqarTvelo. swored am Cemi mogzaurobis amsaxveli rukebi axlavs wigns”. piters xSirad ekiTxebian, ra misca mas xuTma weliwadma, rodesac saqarTvelos istorias swavlobda? is RimiliT pasuxobs, rom miiRo udidesi siamovneba da gaocda, rom amxela istoriis mqone qveyanas jerac ar icnobs msoflio: “inglisurad molaparake adamiani saqarTvelos pirvelad (da xSirad ukanasknelad) saklaso oTaxSi xvdeba, sadac ecnobian miTs iazonisa da argonavtebis mogzaurobis Sesaxeb. amiT maT bundovani warmodgena eqmnebaT kolxeTsa da kavkasiaze da saqarTvelosTan urTierToba moswavleebisTvis amiTve mTavrdeba. amiT amoiwureba Cveni umniSvnelo codna saqarTvelos warsulze. ratom ar viciT Cven, vin iyo daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamari, Teimuraz I, vaxtang VI da erekle II... ratom aris, rom ase Zalian cota ram viciT “vefxistyaosanze” da CvenTvis ucnobia wereTlis, WavWavaZis, vaJasa an galaktionis saxelebi? saqarTvelos mdidari kulturis istoria ganumeorebelia da ara mezobeli qveynebisgan SeTvisebuli. monastrebi da samwerlo-saganmanaTleblo kerebi aTonis mTaze, sinas mTaze, siriaSi, aseve ierusalimsa da bulgareTSi amis dasturia. urTierTobani bizantiasTan, monawileoba jvarosnul omebSi, elCoba evropis samefoebSi, mewinave roli sparseTsa da ruseTSi _ es qarTuli kulturis unikalurobis nawilia, rac Zalian mcired aris cnobili. samwuxarod, qarTuli literaturis Zalian mcire nawili aris naTargmni inglisur enaze, magram isic, iseve rogorc istoriuli masalebi, miuwvdomelia. ingliselebi vamayobT uZvelesi poetiT jefri CoseriT, magram gvaxsendeba, rom masze adre cxovrobda dante. magram masze saukuniT adre rusTaveli arsebobda saqarTveloSi. “vefxistyaosani” brwyinvale lirikuli nawarmoebia, romelic XX saukunis dasawyisSi Targmna marjori uordropma, magram ratomRac Tanamedrove evropam daiviwya... Cven, faqtobrivad, araferi viciT qarTuli mxatvrobis, arqiteqturisa da samzareulos Sesaxeb... evropasa da amerikas aklia firosmani, gudiaSvili, gamrekeli, iSxneli... es mciredi CamonaTvalia. TbilisSi, marTalia, uxvadaa wignebi eklesia-monastrebsa da maT arqiteqturaze, magram TiTqmis ar iSoveba naSromebi cixesimagreebsa da cixedarbazebze da Tu rame iSoveba inglisur enaze, mas saqarTvelos gareT versad naxavT, ver iyidiT. vfiqrob, Cemi naSromi moewonebaT im qarTvelebs, visac surT megobar ucxoelebs bevri ram uTxran TavianTi samSoblos Sesaxeb. dagegmili maqvs wina saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi mogzauri evropeli qalebis Canawerebis Targmna. zogierTi samegrelos mTavris, ekaterine dadianis ojaxSi wlobiT cxovrobda da saqarTvelos ecnoboda. maT SesaniSnavi masala datoves frangul da germanul enebze. minda es yvelaferi inglisurad vTargmno da gamovce”. piter skineris wigni ukve moiTxova aSS-is kongresis biblioTekam, oqsfordis, harvardis universitetebma da mravalma sxva institutma. avtori moxarulia, rom dasavleTis istoriul da samecniero wreebSi ukve daiwyo saqarTvelos istoriis gacnoba. e. lomiZe ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 7 didi bakuri qarTuli asomTavruli damwerlobis fuZemdebeli daibeWda arqimandrit rafaelisa (karelini) da dekanoz aleqsandres (bolqvaZe) locva-kurTxeviT winamdebare monografia eZRvneba adreqristianuli xanis (IV-V ss.) gamoCenil qarTvel politikur da sazogado moRvawes, misi drois udides moazrovnes, mecniersa da mwignobars, erovnuli qristianuli damwerlobisa (asomTavruli anbanis) da originaluri kalendaruli welTaRricxvis erT-erT Semoqmeds _ “did bakur”-s. naSromSi Zvel qarTul da ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi daculi cnobebis safuZvelze warmoCenilia aRniSnuli pirovnebis mravalmxrivi portreti, cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis rogorc nacnobi, ise dRemde praqtikulad ucnobi epizodebi; gamokvleuli da mwyobri saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli didi bakuris Rvawli qarTuli asomTavruli anbanisa da originaluri kalendaruli welTaRricxvis Seqmnis saqmeSi; mocemulia aRniSnuli movlenis Sinaarsobrivi mxaris, Tanamdevi garemoebebisa da msoflmxedvelobrivi aspeqtebis farTo analizi da sxv. naSromi gankuTvnilia rogorc specialistTa, ise mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis. pirveli gamocemis redaqtorebi: istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati, doc. ioseb kviciani, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, prof. jemal stefnaZe, teqredaqtori: giorgi (malxaz) xurcilava, kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: mamuka xanTaZe, mxatvari: qeTevan SalamberiZe Tavs valdebulad vTvliT gulwrfeli madlierebis grZnobiT movixsenioT yvela is adamiani, visi mxridan Cvendami gamoxatuli didi moraluri, mecnieruli, teqnikuri Tu finansuri mxardaWeris Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda winamdebare naSromis mkiTxvelTa farTo wris samsjavroze gamotana. vsargeblobT SemTxveviT da pirvelyovlisa uRrmes madlobas vuZRvniT arqimandrit rafaelsa (karelini) da Tbilisis qvemo beTlemis taZris moZRvars, dekanoz aleqsandres (bolqvaZe), romelTa mxridan wignze muSaobis manZilze Cven aramarto mudmivad vgrZnobdiT did moralur Tanadgomas _ gamoxatuls locva-kurTxevaSi, aramed sistematiurad viRebdiT praqtikul, sasargeblo rCeva-darigebebsac warmodgenili Temis Teologiur aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi. madlobis sityvebiT gvsurs movixsenioT winamdebare wignis redaqtorebi: iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis eTnologiis kaTedris docenti, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati ioseb kviciani da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori jemal stefnaZe wignze muSaobis periodSi Cvendami gamoCenili yuradRebisaTvis da rig sakvanZo sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT saqmiani SeniSvnebis mocemisaTvis. did madlobas movaxsenebT agreTve mamuka xanTaZes _ wignis uangarod saTanado kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofisaTvis; qeTevan SalamberiZes _ wignis garekanis maRalmxatvrul doneze gaformebisaTvis; malxaz xurcilavas, wignis teqredaqtors, romlis didi praqtikuli mxardaWeris gareSe winamdebare naSromi dRis sinaTles albaT ver ixilavda. avtori “dae, istoria tyuils SeuSindes, magram ar Sedrkes aranairi simarTlis winaSe”. kikeroni winasityvaoba pirovnebas, romelsac eZRvneba winamdebare naSromi, Tavis droze araerTi cnobili mecnierisa da mkvlevaris yuradReba xvda wilad. es interesi bunebrivad dahbada mis Sesaxeb ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi gabneulma nairsaxovanma cnobebma erTis mxriv da meores mxriv TviT am cnobebis TvalSisacemad winaaRmdegobrivma xas- iaTma. specialur literaturaSi dRemde ar wydeba gasuli saukunis 20iani wlebidan dawyebuli kamaTi da Ziebani «didi bakuris» saxeliT cnobili istoriuli piris vinaobis Sesaxeb. Tumca, yvela is mecnieri, vinc ki odesme dainteresebula aRniSnuli pirovnebiT, Sinaganad grZnobda imas, rom saqme hqonda uaRresad saintereso da araordinarul figurasTan, romelsac Tavis droze Zveli samyaros araerTi cnobili avtoris yuradReba xvda wilad. yvela is werilobiTi wyaro, sadac ama Tu im kuTxiT moxseniebulia CvenTvis saintereso pirovneba, sazogadod kargad aris cnobili mecnierTaTvis. magram es cnobebi maTgan yovelTvis erTsaxovnad ar aris Sefasebuli an ganmartebuli. amitom winamdebare naSromSi Cven maT kvlav davimowmebT, rac Tavis mxriv mogvcems imis saSualebas, rom nawilobriv mainc aRvadginoT IV-V ss-Ta zRurblze mcxovrebi didi mamuliSvilis pirovnuli portreti, misi biografiis zogierTi umniSvnelovanesi epizodi. saTqmels win gavuswrebT da aRvniSnavT imas, rom sakiTxTa farTo wris guldasmiT Seswavlis Sedegad didi bakuris pirovneba Cvens TvalSi warmoCinda aranaklebi mniSvnelobisa Tu faseulobis mqone istoriul moRvawed, vidre qarTveli xalxis Tundac iseTi gamoCenili wignieri Svilebi, rogorebic iyvnen Soreul Tu maxlobel warsulSi vaxtang gorgasali, giorgi mTawmindeli, daviT aRmaSenebeli, SoTa rusTveli, vaxtang meeqvse, sulxan-saba orbeliani, ilia WavWavaZe, iakob gogebaSvili da sxva mravali. ufro metic, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom didi bakuri aris is sayrdeni libo, romelzedac SemdgomSi aRmocenda sazogadod erovnuli mwignobroba, kultura da, saerTod, qarTuli qristianuli civilizacia. marTlac paradoqsulad SeiZleba mogveCvenos is faqti, rom miuxedavad CvenTvis saintereso pirovnebis mimarT sxvadasxva dargis specialistTa (filologTa, istorikosTa, filosofosTa da sxv.) mxridan adridanve gamoCenili didi interesisa (ix. 104; 105; 49; 87; 19; 20; 32; 72; 91; 92; 93; 21; 13 da sxv.), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es bumberazi pirovneba da misi fasdaudebeli Rvawli mSobliuri erisa da qveynis, qarTuli eklesiis winaSe faqtiurad dRemde mainc ucnobi rCeba Cveni sazogadoebis farTo wrisaTvis. winamdebare naSroms aqvs imis pretenzia, rom is am xarvezisa Tu istoriuli usamarTlobis gamosworebis cdad CaiTvalos. mocemul sakiTxze specialur literaturaSi arsebuli Sexedulebebis nawilis Cvenis mxriv gaziarebis fonze winamdebare naSromSi mkiTxveli ixilavs Tvisobrivad gansxvavebul mosazrebebsac; rig SemTxvevaSi, albaT, polemikursac. amis saWiroeba logikurad warmoSva Sesaswavli sakiTxebis mimarT specialistTa Soris sadReisod araerTgvarovani mosazrebebis arsebobis faqtma. saerTod ki, didi bakuris pirovnebis mimarT Cveni interesi araxalia. magram misi cxovreba-moRvaweobis monografiulad Seswavlis survili (Tavad idea, rogorc aseTi, mogvawoda b-nma ioseb kvicianma _ b.x.) gansakuTrebulad gagvicxovelda mas Semdeg, rac dRis sinaTleze iqna gamotanili Cveni naSromi: «qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Seqmnis epoqis, garemoebebisa da avtorTa vinaobis sakiTxisaTvis» (2002 w.). sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT warmarTuli kvleva-Ziebebis niadagze gakeTebuli Sedegobrivi daskvnebis Semdeg Cven ubralod valdebulic viyaviT, rom am sapasuxismgeblo misiis Sesruleba gvekisra. winamdebare naSromSi mkiTxveli bevr adgilas ixilavs im masalebs, romlebic zemodasaxelebul monografiaSi ukve gvqonda damowmebuli. magram amjerad aRniSnuli masalebi mniSvnelovnad Sevsebuli da mwyobri saxiT aris wignis V TavSi warmodgenili. imeds gamovTqvamT, rom mkiTxveli didi interesiT gaecnoba praqtikulad Teqvsmeti saukunis manZilze daviwyebas usamarTlod micemuli TvalsaCino eriskacis cxovreba-moRvaweobis am- saxvel Cvengan Sedgenil winamdebare mcire «matianes». wignis avtori Tavis mxriv gulisxmierebiT miiRebs yvela sasargeblo SeniSvnasa da mosazrebas, gaiTvaliswinebs maT samomavlod. Sesavali _ sakiTxis istoriografia didi bakuris pirovnebis Sesaxeb cnobebs vxvdebiT rogorc qarTul, ise somxur da berZnul-romaul werilobiT wyaroebSi. amasTanave, cnobebis erTi nawili Seexeba aRniSnuli piris cxovreba-moRvaweobis im periods, rodesac is, jer kidev mefiswulis rangSi myofi, samSoblos gareT _ bizantiis imperiaSi eweoda samxedro samsaxurs; cnobebis meore nawili ki asaxavs didi bakuris cxovreba-moRvaweobis ukanasknel periods, ra drosac mas qarTlis (iberiis) samefo taxtze aRzevebuls vxedavT. yvelaze adrindel cnobas aRniSnul pirze vxvdebiT romael istorikos amiane marcelinesTan (330-400 ww.). aq is 378 wlis 9 agvistos qalaq adrianopolTan vest-goTebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli valenti keisris (364-378 ww.) jaris erT-erT sardlad (skutariebis, anu farosanTa tribunad) moixsenieba (7:144). Semdeg igive bakuri naxsenebia cnobili asureli neoplatonikosi sofistis _ libaniosis (314-393 ww.) 392 wliT daTariRebul sam werilSi, rogorc friad moazrovne, filosofia-ritorikasa da mecnierebebSi ganswavluli da daxelovnebuli adamiani (58:63-66). bakurs, rogorc wm. ninos mier qarTlis (iberiis) moqcevis istoriis maTTvis momTxrob pirs, asaxeleben TavianT SromebSi cnobili saeklesio mwerlebi: palestinis kesariis episkoposi gelasi (+395w.), akvileli xucesi turanius rufinusi (345-410 ww.) da sokrate sqolastikosi (380-440 ww.); sokrate damatebiT kidev bakurs 388 wlis agvistoSi maqsime tiranis winaaRmdeg imperator Teodosi didis (379-395 ww.) mier ilirikaSi warmoebuli brZolis Tanamonawiledac saxavs (82:194, 207, 234). imave bakurs 394 wlis 5/6 seqtembers istriaSi, md. frigidiusTan (axl. vi pava sloveniaSi) evgenios tiranis winaaRmdeg imperator Teodosi I didis mier gamarTuli brZolis aqtiur monawiled asaxeleben bizantieli mwerlebi _ zosime (V-VI ss.) da giorgi amartoli (IX s.) (31:269270; 18:198). rufinusis cnobaze dayrdnobiT iberielTa mefe bakurs, rogorc qarTlis qristianobaze moqcevis istoriis momTxrob pirs, axsenebs Tavis TxzulebaSi cnobili bizantieli JamTaaRmwereli Teofane aRmsarebeli (760818 ww.) (ix. «georgika». t. IV, nakveTi I, Tb., 1941:75). did bakurs, rogorc iberiis xelmwifes da qarTuli qristianuli damwerlobis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebul pirs, icnoben V s-is cnobili somexi mwerlebi _ koriuni da movses xorenaci (56:100-101; 67:223-224). mis Sesaxeb araerT Zvirfas cnobas vnaxulobT petre iberis arabi erovnebis biograf ioane rufussTan, anu beiT-rufinTan (V-VI ss.). swored am avtorTan aris CvenTvis saintereso pirovneba «did bakurad» saxeldebuli (37:248-251). qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebidan aRniSnul pirs mxolod «moqcevai qarTlisai»-s matiane icnobs. aq is qarTlis mefe bakur Trdatis Zes Seesabameba, romelsac Tavis zeobis periodSi eklesia augia bolnisSi da rogorc Cans, armazis Zveli safortifikacio nagebobebic («armazni») ganuaxlebia (68:92). sainteresoa, rom zemoT aRniSnul avtorTagan zogierTs (magaliTad, libanioss, gelasi kesariels, turanius rufinuss) piradad scnobia didi bakuri, zogic sando zepir da werilobiT wyaroebs eyrdnoboda masze saubrisas. didi bakuris Sesaxeb Cvens xelT arsebuli naratiuli masalebi sakmaod mravalferovania da informaciulobis TvalsazrisiTac arcTu ise mwiri, rac gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, rom nawilobriv mainc aRvadginoT dasaxelebuli pirovnebis TviTmyofadi portreti, misi sisxlsavse, Sinaarsiani cxovreba-moRvaweobis ZiriTadi epizodebi. garda dasaxelebuli wyaroebisa garkveul daxmarebas gviwevs aR- niSnuli amocanis warmatebiT gadaWraSi davaTis qvasvetis ikonografiasa da «qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai»-s prozaul himnSi ganTavsebuli sagulisxmo, xangrZlivi drois manZilze Tavsatexad miCneuli da aw ukve Cvengan amocnobili, informaciac (ix. 102:27-45). udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba uZveles, 433-444 wlebiT daTariRebul warweras palestinis qarTuli monastridan, sadac sxvasTan erTad naxsenebia CvenTvis saintereso pirovnebac. amasTanave, friad Zvirfas informacias gvawvdis bakuris msoflmxedvelobis raobisa da ganaTlebulobis fonis gamorkvevis TvalsazrisiT qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Seswavlis Sedegad gamovlenili mravalferovani masalac. xsenebuli pirovnebis Sesaxeb specialur literaturaSic aramciredia naTqvami. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom mecnierTa didi umravlesoba erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi naxseneb iberiel mefiswul bakurisa da qarTlis mefe didi bakuris pirovnebebs. sakmaod sxvaobs mecnierTa Sexedulebebi didi bakuris zeobis wlebisa da religiuri mrwamsis gansazRvris sakiTxebSic. mokled mimovixiloT isini. ase magaliTad, s. gorgaZe did bakurs «moqcevai qarTlisais» qronikiseul bakur revis ZesTan aigivebda, romelsac, misi azriT, 361-364 wlebSi eWira samefo taxti da Semdeg an TviTon daTmo is an Trdat revis Zem Camoagdo da am mizeziT bizantiaSi wavida, sadac 394 wels brZolaSi daiRupa (23:36); rac Seexeba bakur Trdatis Zes, misi zeobis periods s.gorgaZe 425-428 wlebiT sazRvravda (23:58). T. Jordania berZen-romaeli avtorebis bakurs mirian mefis Zed Tvlida, romelic, misi azriT, wavida bizantiaSi da gardaicvala 377 an 394 wels (78:42 Sen. 84). platon ioseliani turanius rufinusis bakurs ansxvavebda bakur mirianis Zisagan (38:19 Sen. 24). akad. iv.javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom didi bakuris garda arsebobda patara bakuric da rom swored es ukanaskneli unda yofiliyo gelasi kesarielis moambe bakuri, romelsac araferi saerTo ar gaaCnda ioane rufussTan naxseneb iberTa «pirvel qristian mefesTan» _ did bakurTan, romelsac igive mecnieri bakur mirianis ZesTan aigivebda da misi mefobis faqts IV sis 30-ian wlebSi varaudobda (104:262264, 273). akad. k.kekeliZes miaCnda, rom didi bakuri Trdatis Ze iyo, xolo ioane rufusis cnoba misi pirvelqristianobis Sesaxeb realurad am mefis mier arianelobis nacvlad marTlmadideblobis SemoRebis mowmobad esaxeboda; igi ar iziarebda azrs xsenebuli piris warmarTobis Sesaxeb, werda: warmarTs gelasi episkoposi xotbiT ar Seamkobdao. s. yauxCiSvils miaCnda, rom berZnulromaul wyaroebSi qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebiT moxseniebuli bakuri mefe ar unda yofiliyo (86:67-68 da 16:66 Sen. 1, 199). misive azriT, bakur iberieli Tavisi rwmeniT warmarTi-poliTeisti Tu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi, araorTodoqsaluri qristianobis mimdevari mainc iyo, ris gamoc mouwia TiTqos mas samSoblos datoveba (87:1320; 88:94). akad. S. nucubiZe fiqrobda, rom libaniosis adresati bakuri IV s-is warmarTi-neoplatonikosi iyo (72:74-76; 73:107). s.kakabaZem didi bakuri Trdatis Zed miiCnia, romelsac, misi azriT, samefo taxti 382-384 wlebSi eWira, Semdeg gaiqca bizantiaSi da iqedan dabrunebulma 395-400 wlebis periodSi xelmeored imefa qarTlSi (40:152-153; 41:151-153). g.gozaliSvilma sarwmunod miiCnia cnoba didi bakuris iberiis pirvel qristian mefed yofnis Sesaxeb; misi qarTlidan gaqcevis mizezad miriani daasaxela. rogorc is fiqrobda, bakuri iuliane gandgomilis gavleniT Rrma qristiani ar iyo. manve didi bakuri qarTuli wyaroebSi naxseneb mefe varazbakurTan gaaigiva; dabadebis drod 310 weli, xolo gardacvalebisad _ 394 weli miiCnia (19:20; 20:42, 53, 74, 78). besik xurcilava (gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi) 8 ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 polemika friad aqtualur sakiTxebze avtori _ rogorc iberiis saxeli araa evropuli (mxedvelobaSia iberiis naxevarkunZuli evropaSi da iberia saqarTveloSi), egreve araa kavkasiisa da balkaneTis albaneTi evropuli: xalxTa migracia kavkasiidan, mcire aziidan da axlo aRmosavleTidan evropaSi xdeboda da ara piruku, amitom, saxelis emigraciis sakiTxebSic upiratesoba kavkasiis mxarezea; anu kavkasiidan gavida saxeli albaneTi, da es sruliad naTeli gaxdeba, Tu gavixsenebT rom (ix. gv.40) megrulSi sisworis gamomxatvel erT-erT sinonims boni//bone qvia. al gaxlavT Sebrunebuli megr. la prefiusi, romelic obieqtis ganfenilobasac aRniSnavs. mag. la-faro, o-la-fare `megr. lafare~; la-kada _ la-kirde `klde~=kldeTa areali, kldeTa ganfeniloba; bon+Ti=swori adgili. m.e. jamSi: al-bane-Ti=la-bone-Ti = swori adgilis (teritoriis) anu vakis ganfeniloba. enaTmecnieri – albanelebi-mTianeTSi, xolo vake kaspiis stepebze kaspiebi cxovrobdnen. avtori – erTnic da meorenic kolxebi gaxlavan: kaspiebi sanam kaspiis sanaxebs aiTvisebdnen, dRevandeli mesxeTisa da kaspis r-is midamoebSi cxovrobdnen, da, raTqmaunda, kolxebi iyvnen. amaze metyvelebs hidronimi lexur-a romlis napirebze q. kaspia gaSenebuli. raki viciT, rom Zveli mosaxleoba, upiratesad wyalsatevTa napirebzea ganTavsebuli, Zneli araa mivxvdeT: le-xur-a miRebulia megr. le-xor-a _ garkveul arealSi ojaxTa (sacxovrisTa) arsebobis mniSvnelobis mqone sityvisagan. sxvaTaSoris, megrulive le-xer-a (xeoba) le-xor-adanaa miRebuli. dasaSvebia, espaneTSi gvada-la-xar-a – gorda megr. «mrude~ formis le-xora `sacxovrisTa arseboba» yofiliyo. Tumca ufro realuria am gvadas dakavSireba gudasTan. (gvada ) <guda uxSiresia qarTvelur toponimikaSi: guda-uTa, guda-va, guda-mayari da a.S.). e. i. etim. amosavalia gudas formis samosaxlo midamos arseboba. da raki amgvari wiaRsvlebia, unda vifiqroT, qarT. xe-oba winaT xer-oba Tu iyo, romelSic xer megr. xor-is fardia. Tumca sruli uflebamosileba gaaCnia xe+oba mdinaris napirebze xeTa siuxvis anu tyis arsebobis mniSvnelobiT amosavlianobasac. enaTmecnieri – enaTmecniereba zusti mecnierebaa. amgvar daSvebebze da albaTobebze dafuZnebul etimologiebs araviTari akademiuri safuZveli gaaCnia. fiziologi – oRond es daSvebebi ar unda iyos sistemuri da Tanac imdenad TvalSi sacemi, rom «nebismiers TvalSi moxvdes»... avtori – le-xur-as xur\\xor Zirze kidev gveqneba saubari. Tavad mexuTe saukunis cixesimagris saxeli – kaspi ki ganpirobebulia im landSaptiT, romelic mdinare lexurasagan Sua gakveTil kvernaqis gorakis ferdobebs axasiaTebT: iq mcenareuloba, mimdebare sanaxebTan mimarTebiT gamorCeulad qorfaa: ai, es gaxlavT mniSvnelobiTi amosavali kas-pi-s winaformad restavrirebuli sityvisa suk-fa: suk`megr. goraki+fa `megr. i mcenare~=`gorakis mcenare~. kas-pi-s kas gaxlavT suk-is TanxmovanTa metaTezis da xmovnis delabializaciis Sedegi, iseve rogorc es xdeba megr. sityvebSi sak-ili//kas-ili `gatenilSi~ (sak-i gaxlavT tomara, amitom aqedan sak-ili `gatenili~ bunebrivia, magram gvaqvs kas-il-ic). e. i. kas-pi-s kas nawili miReblia suk > kas cvlilebiT. rac Seexeba pi (< fa) nawils, fa `mcenaris~ monawileoba toponimikaSi uxSiresia: fa-Ti, cnobil qarTvelolog, oslos universitetis profesor hans fogtis mixedviT, gaxlavT foTis kanonieri winaforma, magram, misi azriT foTi imdenad Zvli qalaqia da uZveles warsulSi misi saxeldeba moxda jer kidev maSin, roca qarT. megr. bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa gamomwvevi enobrivi procesebi ar iyo dawyebuli, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saxelad foTi ki ara faTi gveqnebodao: restavrirebuli fa+ Tida fo-Ti-s manamdel saxel fasisi-s fa\\fo= `mcenare~+Ti `adgili~; sisi = Si-Si = Si wyali + Si megr. kuTvnilebis sufiksi. e. i. fa-Ti da fo-Ti = mcenareuli adgili, xolo fa-si-si = mcenare wylisa. egrevea warmoebulifa-lazoni (sofeli kaxeTSida mikrotoponimi samegreloSi)= fa `mcenare~ + alazoni`qorfa~ =qorfa mcenareuloba. istorikosi – fogtis mixedviT, qarTulSi Tu kanonzomier fa-Ti-s winared fo-Ti arsebobda da dResac SenarCunebulia, es xom imaze miuTiTebs, rom fa miRebulia fo-sagan da, rac mTavaria, qarT. : megr. a : o SesatyvisobaSi unda vaCvenoT o >amimarTuleba enaTmecnieri – megrulSi mcenaris aRmniSvnelad dafiqsirebulia mxolod fa. es ukanaskneli, agreTve foTolsac niSnavs: daniel fifias Tavis filosofiur SedevrSi «roki» aqvs aseTi sityvebi «fa do k2 oSx2d», rac niSnavs — foToli da rko esxa. ase rom, mcenaris Tu foTlis aRmniSvneli fo forma enaTmecnirebaSi araa cnobili. istorikosi – i. yifSiZe werda, rom qarTebi da megrelebi erTmaneTs imiT ajavreben, rom pirvelni megruls damaxinjebul qarTulad miiCneven, meoreni ki, piriqiT qarTuls miiCneven damaxinjebul megrulad-o. am movlenas safuZveli gaCnia, ara marto imitom, rom es enebi monaTesaveni arian, aramed imitomac, rom uxSiresia difuziisa da urTierT sesxebis SemTxvevebi. megrulSi, gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi, vrceldeba qarTuli sityvebi. qarTulSi ki ufro Zveli megruli warmomavlobis sityvebia, rasac avtoriseuli saanalizo masala, uryevad adasturebs. mag. aba vin ifiqrebs, rom ocneba Secvlili — megr. oCe «didi» + neba «survili»-a: oCe-neba > ocneba. an rom qarT. Svili, mSobeli, saiSoblo da a. S. S-oba-sTan dakavSirebuli sitvebi megruli warmomavlobis arian, radgan Tavad S-oba megrulia da udris S ,,wyali,, + oba mniSvnelobiT wylis Rvra, riTac mSobiaroba uneblied da yvelasTvis dasanaxad iwyeba. am wyalTan dakavSirebuli moazrebebis gamo megrelebs TviT axalSobilic wylad miaCndaT mamakacebi axalSobils ar daxedavdnen – ,,ras davxedo jer wyaliao,,... megr. fu-rceli fu-rCeli-danaa. rCeli fenilia megrulad. fu ki fo da fa-s fardia. fo-Tol-ic megr. sityvaa, Tol-i megrulSi Semadgenel nawilsac aRniSnavs, mag. Jir ToliS yude = ori nawilisgan, ori Tvalisgan Semdgar saxls. ase rom fo-Tol-i = fo mcenare + Toli nawili. ise rogorc erTidaigive mniSvnelobis Cxomi\\ Cxumi «Tevzi»-s o da u, aseve furceli da foToli-s o da u qmnian fo da fu dialeqtur saxesxvaobebs sityvebisa mniSvnelobiT – mcenare. furceli, foToli. plius amaT, zemoTxsenebuli, fa forma, amgvarad, foTi, fuTi, fasisi uZvelesi megruli saxelebi arian. e. i. raki mcenaris mniSvnlobis ganmapirobebeli fo, fu da fa formebi WeSmaritad arseboben, winapar suk-fa `gorakis mcenares~cvlilebam mogvca— suk>sak>kas da kas-fa//kas-pi cvlilebebi (agreTve ix. «g. T.» gv. t. kavkasiis etimologia). amgvarad, eTnonimi da hidronimi kaspiebi, kaspiis zRva da kaspiane saqarTveloSi mexuTe saukunis cixesimagris saxel kaspi-danaa, xolo 26 enaze metyveli xalxebis mTianeTSi gansaxleba ar niSnavs qeraTmian da nacrisferTvaleba albanelTa (mematiane iulius solinusi) kolxurobis uaryofas: dasabamidan isini miwaTmoqmedebas mdinarisa da baris midamoebSi misdevdnen da amitomac ewodaT labone-lebi anu barelebi. biologi – mkvlevarni (izoria,Sonia, kakulia, alfeniZe da sxvebi) imazec miuTiTeben, rom afSeroni megr. sityva o-feSer-ona, gaxlavT, rac feSer-is — `axalakafulze dabali da xSiri amonayaris msgavs mcenareulobis ganfenilobas’’ aRniSnavs: afSeronis landSafts, swored, aseTi mcenareuloba axasiaTebs. enaTmecnieri – magram kolxeTidan azerbaijanamde qarTl-kaxeTia. nuTu esec ar iyo qarTulenovani areali. arqeologi – aramartoarqeologiurmonacemTasafuZvelzeutyuaradSeiZlebaiTqvas, qarTvelur tomTa gansaxleba udides teritoriebs moicavda. qarTebi, igive kardux-ebi—(qarTu)(kardu)(qorTu) vanis tbis sanaxebSi cxovrobdnen. (o.lorTqifaniZe). istorikosi — vanis tba xom wris formisaa: wre ki megrulad gaxlavT qarTa(vl. alfenidze). Sdr. geogr. karta: dedamiwa xom wris formisaa. Sesabamisad pirvel kartografs kartac wris formis (qarTa) gamouvidoda. miTumetes rom bevri mecnieri kartografiis avtorobas kolxebs miawers). xi (ix. qvemoT) raki megr. Mmiwaa, qarTu-xi//kardu-xi udris wris formis (vanis tbis) irgvliv arsebul sacxovriss. ase rom karta, qorTu, karduxi, qarTi, saqarTvelo da a. S. megr. qarTa ,,wres,, damsaxurebaa. xumuS-qia a. golaZes – karduxebis, m. qurdians ki kolxTa qveynad miaCniaT. saswori m. qurdianis mxares unda gadaixaros, radgan `vinc megruli ena kargad icis~ imisTvis ucxadesia: xumuS-qia anu xumuS-qiana udris `xmeleTis qveyanas~... avtori _ mesxebi, kaxebi, herebi dRvandel saqarTvelos teritoraze kolxurad iberiulad metyvelebdnen, razec miuTiTebs Semdegi: 1. ganja amJamad azerbaijanSia, es top. megr. gonja-ma `gaRebas-Tanaa~ dakavSirebuli; 2.kila-suri afxazeTSi zustad igive safuZvlianobiTaa saxeldebuli, radgan kila megrulad klitea; 3. klar-je-Ti = o+kilar+ jixa+Ti=`dasaketi//Camketi cixe~; samive toponimSi muSaobs saxeldebis erTidaigive motivacia: esaa qveyanaSi Sesasvlel-gasasvlelis kontrolis (Casaket-gasaRebis) qoneba. xolo amgeografiuli adgilebis samxedrostrategiuli mdebareoba raki, erT dros, am motivacias ganapirobebda dasaxelebi (toponimebi) kikolxuria, cxadze ucxadesia: kolxeTi, odesRac, am toponimebs SigniT arsebul teritoriebs moicavda. marTlac: kaxelebi kolxebi rom iyvnen amis samtkicia Semdegi: 1. kolxi> koxi> kaxi; 2. kaxuri simReris saxeli — `Sen biWo anagurelo.~ na-gu-ru sofelia walenjixaSi. gur-i megrulad gulicaa da centric, Sesabamisad na-guru `nacentralia~. igivea o-na-gur-eli\a-nagur-eli; 3. gur-ami megr. pirsaxelia da = `guladi~. sagur-amo (toponimi kaxeTSi), dasaSvebia, anTroponimTan iyos kavSirSi. Tumca ufro savaraudoa, zemoTqmuli, centris mniSvnelobis qonebiT gamowveuli ganpirobebuloba saxeldebisa, sityvisagan gur-i `gul-i~; 5 ci-v-go-m-bor-i igive megr. c2-gabar-ia, rac Telian qeds aRniSnavs: c2 `Tela~+ gabari =Teliani`qedi~; 6 la-gode-xi = megr. la-kodme-xi: la `teritoriis ganfenilobis aRmniSvneli prefiqsia~ + kodme`garkveuli saxeobis ferdobi~ + xi `miwis da masTan dakavSirebul terminTa x bgeridan warmoqmnili sufiqsi megrulSi. (o.xuxua). jamSi la-gode-xi = `ferdobiani adgils~; xi sufiqsi, yovelmizezgareSe, megr. o-xor-is `ojaxi, samosaxlos~ fragmentia Semdeg sityvebSi: ta-o//<ta-o-xi = Ta-o-xor-i = `samosaxlo teritoria~; dia-o-xi = dia-o-x-(or)-i =deda(an didi) samosaxlo (Sdr. deda samSoblo); ko-xor-a (top. afxazeTSi) = k2+xora = k2 `magari, kargi~ + `samosaxlo~; es gamWvirvale etimologiebi gvafiqrebinebs: igive xor warmomavlobis xom araa eTnonimTa – kol-xi, mes-xi, karduxi, ubi-xis da a.S. xi?)... Jin-val-i = megr. Jin`zeda~+vali//veli = `zeda veli~ da a.S. arqeologi – nebismieri mixvdeba: Sa sufiqsi kninobiTobis aRmniSvnelia (Sdr. daTu-Ca<daTu-Sa//megr. TunT-uSa `daTuCa~) amitom viluSa = patara veli. avtori – troas Sesaxeb qvemoT visaubrebT. axla ki SevCerdebiT x bgeris alomorf kolx. ojaxi, samosaxlo, saxl-karis aRmniSvnel xor Ziridan warmoqmnil toponimebze, romlebic ukve sabolood da, erTmniSvnelovnad, daazusteben kaxTa kolxurobas. esenia: xor-Zen-e (Sua saukuneebSi tao da kola)=xor+rzen-e = `swori adgilis, vakis an Walis mosaxle~; xor-i+Ti = zedmiw. megr. `sacxovrisi~; xaragauli = xara//xora+ga`qedi~+uli = `sacxovrisi qedi~; amaT garda mniSvnelovania Semdegi toponimebi: xor-os mTa (mesxeTi); xor-Si (senaki); xor-e-Ti (lanCxuTi); xor-e-nia (axalqalaqi); xor-a-Si (mTa leCxumSi); xor-i-sar-i (xevis kavkasioni); xor-anTa (kaxeTi); xor-na-buji (qareli) da a.S. es toponimebi uZvelesni arian, razec antikuri xor-Zen-e, xor-an-Ta da xorna-buj-i metyveleben. am ukanasknelis etimologia aseTia: megrulSi aris sityva – na-xor-na//na-xor-in-a `na-saxl-ar-i~, romlis na mocilebuli fragmentia xor-na,xolo buji>//burji `qviTkiris magari Senobaa~. m.e. xor-nabuji, romelic wyaroebSi raki V saukunidan gvxdeba, jer kidev 1500 wlis win `nasaxlar cixe simagres aRniSnavda da, aqedan gamomdinare, arqeopolisi (noqalaqevis) msgavsad, damtkicebulad, uxsovar epoqebs ganekuTvneba. edemi izoria (werilis dasasruli) ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 9 sikvdilmisjili mata hari pirveli msoflio omis dros mata hari (namdvili saxelia margarita gertruda cele) germaniis dazvervis TanamSromeli gaxda. safrangeTis kontrdazvervam Tavisi agentis hana vitigis daxmarebiT SesZlo mata haris saqmianobis gamoaSkaraveba da 1917 wlis 13 ianvars (sxva monacemebiT 14 Tebervals) daapatimra. “1917 wlis 24 ivniss mata hari sruliad mSvidad dajda braldebulTa skamze parizis mesame samxedro sasamarTloSi. mas Tormeti oficeri asamarTlebda... ra Tqma unda, procesi daxurul kars miRma mimdinareobda. Tavdapirvelad mata haris sjeroda, rom marTalia saqme seriozuli iyo, magram raimenairad moaxerxebda Tavis gadarCenas. magram procesis mimdinareobasTan erTad, rodesac ukve is Tanxebic ki gamJRavnda, romelsac igi germaniis dazvervisgan iRebda, igi sul ufro rwmundeboda, rom Tavis gadarCenis imedi ar unda hqonoda. misi mdgo- mareoba yovel saaTs mZimdeboda. igi Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom im Tanxebs igi germanuli dazvervisgan jaSuSuri saqmianobisTvis sulac ar iRebda. _ ara! – wamoiyvira man, – amisTvis ara! maT Cemi siyvarulisTvis viRebdi... rodesac sasamarTlom sruliad WeSmariti damamtkicebeli sabuTebi warmoadgina, man Tavisi bolo koziri gadmoagdo da ganacxada: _ diax, batono mosamarTleno, vaRiareb, zogjer jaSuSobiTac viyavi dakavebuli. da TqvenTvis es SemTxveva, rodesac me aseT samarcxvino saqmeze wavedi, kargad unda iyos cnobili. gaixseneT SemTxveva, rodesac me Tqven ori germanuli wyalqveSa navis Taobaze mogawodeT informacia. am sityvebze misi advokati gaognebuli wamoxta, man araferi icoda am istoriis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem moxerxebulad moigeria gansasjelis gamoxtoma da aRSfoTebulma esrola: _ es simarTlea. es Tqven marTlac gaakeTeT, magram es swored Tqven sawinaaRmdegod mowmobs. Tqven axlaxans amtkicebdiT, rom arasodes gisaubriaT samxedro sakiTxebze arc germanel jaSuSebTan, arc germaniis armiis maRal CinosnebTan. neba miboZeT gkiTxoT, maSin ra gziT SeityveT germanuli wyalqveSa navebis adgilmdebareoba? am kiTxvaze kuTxeSi mimwyvdeulma, ubedurma qalma veraferi upasuxa. procesis bolos misma rwmunebulma brwyinvale sityva warmosTqva, romelSic amtkicebda, rom yvela braldeba wayenebuli misi dasacavi piris mimarT, mxolod agenturis moxsenebebs eyrd- noba, xolo Tavad agentebi sasamarTlos ar daswrebian. yvelaze didi, rasac braldebam miaRwia, ramdenime policiuri oqmis warmodgena iyo, romelTa samarTlianobis Semowmeba sasamarTloze SeuZlebeli iyo. advokatma Ria sasamarTlo procesi moiTxova. prokuroris sapasuxo sityva sakmaod mokle iyo. igi sikvdiliT dasjas moiTxovda. sasamarTlo ganxilvis meore dRes mosamarTleebi saTaTbirod gavidnen, romelic didxans ar gagrZelebula. rodesac isini sxdomaTa darbazSi dabrundnen, Tavmjdomarem fexze wamodgoma SesTavaza iq myofT da sasamarTlos mdivanma gamotanili ganaCenis Semdegi striqonebi waikiTxa: _ respublikisa da frangi xalxis saxeliT samxedro sasamarTlo, holandiis qveSevrdoms, romelic sakuTar Tavs mata harid moixseniebs, cnobs damnaSaved safrangeTis winaaRmdeg jaSuSobaSi da adgens misi sikvdiliT dasjas. samarisebur siCumeSi ubeduri gansasjelis isteriuli kivili gaisma: _ magram es SeuZlebelia! es SeuZlebelia! wamis Semdeg man didi Zalisxmevis fasad sakuTari Tavi xelSi aiyvana da mtkice nabijebiT gaemarTa gasasvlelisken. badragma igi ukan cixeSi daabruna. meore dRes damcvelma apelacia Seitana, magram arc ki ganuxilavT. maSin man Sewyalebis Txovna waradgina prezidentis saxelze dawerili da isev uari miiRo. damcvelis kvalad Sewyalebis TxovniT prezidents mTelma rigma frangma da neitralurma maRali Tanamdebobis pirebma mimarTes, magram kvlav warumateblad. puankare Seuryeveli iyo. sasikvdilo ganaCeni ZalaSi darCa. sami Tvis manZilze cixeSi yofnis dros mata harim Zlieri suliskveTeba da uzarmazari TavSekavebuloba gamoavlina, riTic yvelas mxridan, visac masTan im dReebSi hqonia Sexeba Rrma pativiscema daimsaxura. 1917 wlis 15 oqtombris diliT igi mSvidad da amayad Cajda avtomobilSi, romelmac igi dasaxvretad gamoyofil adgilamde miiyvana. igi maSinve dadga boZTan, sadac ganaCeni unda aRsrulebuliyo. misi mimarTulebiT jariskacebis mier gasrolili yvela tyviidan, mas mxolod erTaderTi tyvia moxvda, romelmac maSinve mouswrafa sicocxle. tyvia pirdapir gulSi moxvda. aqedan gamomdinare, mTel aTeulSi, romelsac mata haris daxvreta hqonda davalebuli, mxolod erTi jariskaci moiZebna iseTi, romelmac maT Tofi zustad daumizna. danarCenebma acileba gadawyvites, xolo erTi axalgazrda jariskaci ugonod daeca da misi mosuliereba eqim bizars mouxda, romelic sasjelis aRsrulebas dasjilis sikvdilis dasadastureblad eswreboda. am istorias unda davamatoT, rom germaneli hana vitigi, romlis wyalobiTac frangebma mata haris mxileba moaxerxes, omis dasrulebis Semdeg colad gahyva graf de Siins da kinos cnobili msaxiobi gaxda klod fransis saxeliT. Tumca mas mudmivad awuxebda sindisis qenjna mata haris sikvdilis gamo da bolos veRar gauZlo. 1928 wels hana vitigma Tavi moikla. ra ici saqarTvelos dedaqalaqze ras niSnavs navTluRi, didube, naZaladevi, samgori _ Tbilisis ubnebis saxelebis istoria Tbilisis teritoriis ubnebad da dasaxlebebad dayofa saukuneebis win, TandaTan daiwyo. TiToeul dasaxlebas Tavisi saxelwodeba da saintereso istoria Tu legenda aqvs. axla mxolod ramdenime maTganis Sesaxeb gvinda mogiTxroT da esenia: navTluRi, didube, naZaladevi, samgori, anu rogor daerqvaT saxelebi da rodidan fiqsirdeba TiToeuli istoriul wyaroebSi. navTluRi navTluRi _ Tbilisis Zveli ubania, romelic mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, qalaqis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, isani-samgoris raionSia gaSenebuli. saxelwodeba Turqulia da navTis adgils, sanavTes niSnavs (navTobis simciris gamo sarewao mniSvneloba ar hqonda). XVIII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi mefe erekle II-m iq cixegalavani aago da gapartaxebuli navTluRi xelmeored dasaxlda. 1770 wlidan navTluRs erekles cixesac uwodebdnen. am teritoriaze gadioda aRmosavleTisaken mimavali erT-erTi mniSvnelovani savaWro-satranzito gza (e.w. kaxeTis gza). navTluRSi SemorCenilia wminda barbares saxelobis 2 eklesia; erTi Sua saukuneebisa (axlandeli saxe XIX saukuneSi miiRo), meore — XIX saukunis II naxevris. didube didube _ Tbilisis erT-erTi ubani da qalaqis teritoriuli nawili. is 1870-iani wlebidan aris. mdebareobs mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, Crdilo-dasavleT mxareze. moicavs wereTlis gamzirs da mis mimdebare quCebs. didube warmodga saxelwodebidan “didi dube” e.i. didi vake. qalaqis am midamoebis uZvelesi saxelwodebaa “cx- enis terfi” (daaxl. V saukunidan). Tbilisis ganapira adgilis saxelad didube pirvelad XII saukuneSi gvxvdeba, roca mematiane mefe Tamarisa da daviT soslanis qorwinebisa da Samqoris brZolis (1195 weli) Semdeg iq gamarTul saxalxo zeims aRgviwers. didubeSi idga mefis erT-erTi sasaxle da karis eklesia. iq aragvidan gamoyvanili iyo ru, romelic wyals mefis zvrebs awvdida. Semdgom saukuneebSi didube gaukacrielda. XVII saukuneSi, vaxtang V-is mefobis dros, didubeSi isev gaCnda mosaxleoba. amave periodSi avWalidan ru gamoiyvanes. XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi igi qalaqispira sofeli iyo da Tbiliss sasoflo-sameurneo produqcias awvdida... XIX saukunis dasawyisSi Sedgenili Tbilisis gegmis mixedviT, didubeSi ori sarwyavi arxi yofila _ avWalidan gamoyvanili ru da mtkvridan gamoyvanili e.w. “baRis arxi”. 1818 wels didubis CrdiloeT nawilSi daasaxles germaneli kolonistebi. im periodidan didubis am nawils aleqsanderdorfi ewoda. naZaladevi naZaladevi _ qalaqis CrdiloeTdasavleT nawilSi gaSenebuli Zveli ubania, romelic saqarTveloSi revoluciuri moZraobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kera iyo. Tbilissa da foTs Soris rkinigzis gaxsnis (1872 weli) Semdeg didubis teritoriaze or nawilad gaiyo; rkinigzis gaRma, aRmosavleTiT, muSaxeli sacxovreblad unebarTvod ikavebda miwebs da saxldeboda, axal ubanmac aqedan miiRo saxelwodeba, anu naZaladevad saxeldeboda. naZaladevis rkinigzis saxelosnoebi gaxda Tbilisis proletariatis sabrZolo skola. 1905 wlis dekemberSi sayovelTao politikuri gaficvis pirveli dReebidan, naZaladevSi xelisu- fleba ajanyebuli proletariatis xelSi gadavida. muSuri naZaladevi mokle droiT “respublikad” gamocxadda. muSebi iaraRdebodnen, gaficva SeiaraRebul ajanyebaSi unda gadazrdiliyo. mefis mTavrobam represiebs mimarTa _ rkinigzaze samxedro wesebi gamocxadda. 17 dekembers jarma naZaladevs alya Semoartyes. xelisuflebam cxenosani nawilebi da artileria gamoiyena. muSebis Tavganwiruli winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, ajanyeba damarcxda. naZaladevSi revoluciuri saqmianoba daiwyo stalinma. samgori samgori _ legenda mogviTxrobs, rom loWinis xevSi calxela moxuci cxovrobda, romelsac qalaqisTvis mtris Semosevis Setyobineba evaleboda, _ maRal svetze cecxls anTebda. erTxel man sikvdilisagan ixsna Svlis nukri da Tavis qoxSi waiyvana, sadac Tavis SvilebTan erTad zrdida. mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi saqmianoba vaJebma ganagrZes. erT dRes, roca am adgilebSi mteri gamoCnda, ufrosi Zma svetze CiraRdniT avarda, magram mtris isarma gul-mkerdi gaugmira da Camoagdo, meore Zmam scada cecxlis atana, magram mtris isarma isic usulod dasca miwaze. manamde Wabukma moaswo da qalaqSi Sveli afrina weriliT kiserze. qalaqma mtris Semoseva Seityo da laSqari Seikriba. Sveli roca dabrunda da Tavisi Zmobilebi usulod ixila, Tavi qvas axala da Tavadac suli ganuteva. brZolidan dabrunebulma qarTvelebma i poves daxocilebi da samive cal-cakle daasaflaves. Semdeg meomrebma maT saflavebs saTiTaod daayares TiTo muWa miwa. mas mere wesad SemoiRes, yoveli brZolis Semdeg aq modiodnen da saflavebs muWiT miwas ayridnen. ase wamoizarda im adgilas sami gora, ris gamoc im adgils samgori ewoda. lali facia ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 10 ratom gadaasvenes galaktioni pirdapir mweralTa saxlSi? araerTxel yofila _ galaktioni da me stumrad viyaviT, zRapruli sufra gaiSala, biZaCemma Tqva: Cems nodars limonaTi miarTviT! amas Segnebulad akeTebda, radgan abjarTmtvirTveli ar unda damTvraliyo. ra mevaleboda? galaktioni unda wameyvana saxlSi, meore sarTulze ameyvana, saZinebelSi momeTavsebina, momevlo da a.S”. _ ase daiwyo Cveni saubari. poetis ZmisSvili, nodar tabiZe da me, batoni nodaris kabinetSi vsxedvarT. magidaze galaktionis wigni devs. _ batono nodar, albaT, dRe ar gava, galaktions rom ar gadaxedoT? _ ra Tqma unda, galaktionis wigni yovelTvis magidaze midevs. es wigni uniWieresi kacis, murman lebaniZis gamocemulia. erTxel vaxtang javaxaZesTan murmani da kidev ramdenime poeti vqeifobdiT. qeifis dasasrul murmanma miTxra, _ unda gagaciloo. _ murman, Zvirfaso aqve vcxovrob, ra gacileba minda-meTqi? _ arao, daiJina. gzaSi miTxra: bolo xans galaktioni Zalian xSirad mesizmreba da msayvedurobs, ratom mimatoveT uyuradRebodo? ar vici ra vqna, sanTeli minda avunToo. WyviSSi Camosvla SevTavaze, Zalian gauxarda. marTlac, batonma murmanma quTaisSi cxvari iyida da saTanadod “Semkuli” Camovida. oTxi dRis manZilze Cemi bebia-babuis saflavze gavdiodiT da xan is Tamadobda, xan _ me. murmans galaktioni uzomod uyvarda. _ Tqven ar gesizmrebaT xolme? _ iSviaTad. zogjer, mavanTa mier, sizmris aRwera moCvenebiTia, amitom amaze xazgasma ar miyvars. _ marjaniSvilis quCaze roca cxovrobdiT, is periodi gaixseneT. _ galaktionTan aravin modioda, Caketilad cxovrobda, megobari ar hyolia. erTaderTxel arCil sulakauri megobarTan erTad movida, almanaxi “pirveli sxivi” moutanes. kale boboxiZe gverdiT saxlSi cxovrobda. mxolod erTi SemTxveva iyo, roca is dapatiJa da patara sufra SuSabandSi gauSala. es iyo da es. galaktioni sul papiross eweoda. kabineti mudam daulagebeli hqonda. erTxel vkiTxe: _ saqarTveloSi vin aris Tqven Semdeg didebuli poeti? iseTi pirovneba daasaxela, rom Cemi saxe Rimilma dafara. mixvda Tavadac, rom arazusti pasuxi gamca da daamata: _ araCveulebrivad patiosani kacia, naRdi komunistio. poet giorgi quCiSvils axloblad Tvlida. es imiTac aixsneba, rom orives erTnairi gatacebebi hqondaT. isini erTmaneTs ara marto poeziis, aramed mSfoTvare bohemuri cxovrebiTac uaxlovdebodnen. orive erT saxlSi cxovrobda. Cven meoreze sarTulze, quCiSvili _ meoTxeze, amitom yovelTvis erTad iyvnen. galaktions arasodes mis poeziaze sityva ar dauZravs, magram ubrwyinvales moqalaqed da Tu gnebavT, karg “loTad” Tvlida. Cvens quCaze tramvai dadioda. veridan Camouxvevda, marjaniSvilis quCaze gamouxvevda da mere plexanovze midioda. 1937 weli iyo, galaktioni tramvaidan Camodioda. Tavis saxls gaxeda, sadarbazosTan sami kaci idga. mixvda, daWeras upirebdnen da morCa, galaktioni gaqra. kibis safexurTan SeCerda da ayvirda: _ xalxo, uSveleT saqarTvelos saxalxo poets, mosaklavad mosdeven! imwamsve viRac axalgazrdebi masTan gaCndnen da is sami kaci uceb gauCinarda. misi monayolia. _ galaktionis fotoebze visaubroT, masTan erTad gadaRebul suraTebze. _ aba wavideT, gaviseirnoTo, ityoda da mivdiodiT. misi ukanaskneli fotos istoria aseTia: gaviseirneT da voroncovis moedans mivuaxlovdiT. modi, erTi suraTi gadaviRoTo. iqve, fotoatelieSi SevediT. xeli gadamxvia da suraTi gadaviReT. gareT gamovediT _ axla, Sen Seni gziT wadi da me Cemi gziT wavalo, miTxra. gavocdi, iSviaTad xdeboda ase, radgan mudam Tan unda vxlebodi. es foto gardacvalebamde ramdenime dRiT adre gadaviReT da misi dakrZalvis Semdeg gamovitane. cota adrindeli fotoa samaias baRSi, SadrevanTan gadaRebuli. karg xasiaTze iyo, xarxarebda. TbilisSi arcerTi didi fotografi ar darCenila, vis atelieSic suraTi ar gadauRia da yovelTvis dasZenda xolme: _ Zamiko, es foto gamoakari! isinic Txovnas usrulebdnen. suraTebs ZiriTadad marto iRebda. _ siTbos rogor gamoxatavda, icoda mofereba? _ mofereba ar iyo misTvis niSandoblivi, ver gadagexveoda. erTi ram icoda, Tu rame awuxebda an ramis Tqma undoda, pirvel rigSi, CemTan modioda. Cemi patara oTaxis kars SemoaRebda da sasTumalTan Camomijdeboda. erTxel momiyva: gaige, mweralTa kavSirSi ra momxdara? Turme, Ramis aT saaTze Suqi Caqra da mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis mdivans TelasSi daurekavs. _ ra xdeba? aq, mwerlebi vmuSaobT, Tqven ki Suqs gvirTavT. es ras hgavso? iqidan upasuxes _ rusTavelis dros eleqtroenergia ar iyo, magram “vefxistyaosani” dawerao. galaktioni xarxarebda, pasuxi Zalian moewona. am ambavs xSirad imeorebda. _ Tqven gadagiSliaT misTvis guli? _ masTan gulis gadaSla rogor SeiZleboda? galaktions unda moferebodi, mihyolodi, misTvis yvelaferi unda gagekeTebina da Tan, mudam unda gegrZno, rom Sen mefis winaSe valdebuli xar. es Tavidanve gacnobierebuli mqonda da Cveni urTierTobac am kuTxiT viTardeboda. _ rodis rTuldeboda urTierToba? _ roca loTobis xana iwyeboda, gamudmebuli sma dilidan saRamomde amazrzen saxes iRebda. vexvewebodi, _ biZaCemo, “leCkombinatSi” wavideT-meTqi, magram ar momyveboda. gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre Zlivs davawvineT. maSin undoda galaktions yuradReba, loTobis zarxoSidan gamosvla urTulesia _ adamianma SeiZleba sisulele Caidinos. Cemi varianti aseTia: galaktions Tavi ar mouklavs. daukvirdiT, fanjarasTan skami dgas, zed dakecili xalaTia gadadebuli. is fanjridan iyureboda, egona, rom qvemoT zRva livlivebda da gadaeSva. naxevari saaTis Semdeg damirekes, _ galaktioni daiRupao. gaviqeci, direqtoris kabinetSi Sevedi. iq universitetis proreqtori, sergo jorbenaZe ijda. damaeWva misma iq yofnam. miTxra _ ise Semoviareo. sinamdvileSi, faqtis iuridiulad gasaformeblad gamoiZaxes. biZaCemi mxolod raRac drois Semdeg maCvenes. ratom? gasagebia. roca is daeca, gamofxizlda da tanjva saxeze aesaxa. garkveuli procedurebis Semdeg is angeloziviT iwva. galaktioni saxlSi ar wavasvene. veravis avuxsnidi, rom saxli angreul-dangreuli da mosawesrigebeli iyo, amitom pirdapir mweralTa saxlSi gadavasveneT, Semdeg didebul savanes _ mTawmindas miabares. _ misi cxovrebis yvela wvrilmani iciT. rame iseTi detali aris, rac gaocebdaT? _ erTi faqti roca aRmovaCine, SevSfoTdi: galaktioni 12 wlis iyo da deidasTan dasasveneblad wavida. galaktionis deda das swerda _ “yuradRebiT iyavi, loToba daiwyo”. Zalze sagulisxmo faqtia. 12 wlisa alkoholisadmi garkveul midrekilebas amJRavnebda. e.i. Tavidanve, Rvino da arayi misTvis erTgvari Sveba, moTxovna da sxva samyaroSi gadasvla iyo. sxvaTa Soris, wyenis damaxsovreba icoda. 20ian wlebSi raJden kalaZem (karlo kalaZis mama) galaktionis winaaRmdeg mZafri kritikuli werili gamoaqveyna. erTxel mweralTa kavSiridan gamovediT. kalaZe maCablis quCaze cxovrobda. uceb galaktionma karlo SeniSna, romelmac gverdis avla scada. galaktionma uTxra: Zamiko kale, saiT midixar, modi aq! raRas izamda? movida. galak- tionma qamarSi xeli Caavlo: _ nodar, ici vin aris amisi mama? _ momibrunda me. _ rogor ara, mwerali da sazogado moRvawe, raJden kalaZe, _ vupasuxe. _ es Cveni raJdeni Sua zafxulSi virze Sejdeboda, qolgas daixuravda da virs miaCaqCaqebdao, _ galaktionma gadaixarxara, amgvarad dascina warsulis gamo. karlom Zlivs gaiTavisufla Tavi da gaiqca. misi ucnaurobis bevri detali maxsovs. _ galaktionis wignebis yvela gamocema gaqvT, romelia TqvenTvis gansakuTrebuli? _ 1919 wels “artistuli yvavilebi” gamovida. es iyo movlena qarTul poeziaSi, am wignis gamo airCies poetTa mefed. yvelaze saukeTeso gamocemaa 1927 wlis rCeuli “zarniSiani wigni”. Semdeg wlebSi uamravi tomeuli da krebuli gamovida, magram galaktioni am wigns yvelaze metad afasebda. _ galaktionis mTavari siyvaruli olia okujavaa, kidev vin iyo? _ galaktions oTxi coli hyavda. misi araoficialuri coli, didebuli qali lidia megreliZe iyo, Tumca mas qmaric hyavda. qali Tavis dRiurebSi werda, rogor uyvarda galaktioni da mas qmars eZaxda. “is garewari, loTi movklaT”? aris aseTi Canaweric, lidias naTesavebs ekuTvniT es fraza. maTi siyvarulis ambavi sakmaod gaxmaurebuli iyo. yovelTvis, rodesac galaktionoba imarTeba, rasac Semdeg patara seroba moyveba xolme, rogorc Tamada, amgvar sadRegrZelos vambob: am ojaxis mTavar diasaxliss, olia okujavas gaumarjos! visac am wyvilis werilebi, erTmaneTTan mimowera wakiTxuli aqvs, is gaocdeba maTi zeciuri da amaRlebuli siyvaruliT. _ arsebobs iseTi leqsis xelnaweri, romelic arasodes dabeWdila? _ Zneli saTqmelia, galaktioni yvelafers beWdavda. me ra xelnawerebic maqvs, yvela gamoqveynebulia. _ mis leqsebze uamravi simRera dawerila... _ galaktionis leqsi Tavad musikaa, amitom bunebrivia, igi unda JRerdes. kidev bevri saukeTeso simRera daiwereba mis leqsebze. _ WyviSSi saxl-muzeumi ra mdgomareobaSia? _ saxelmwifo yuradRebas aqcevs. galaktionis saxlis gverdiT sakmaod didi saxl-muzeumia, daaxloebiT 15 kaci muSaobs. saxlis rikulebi daZvelda da amas winaT gamocvales. Zveli saxli sainteresoa tradiciuli qarTuli aivniT da oTaxiT, romelsac ficruli iataki da Weri aqvs. saqinformi: „vardebis revoluciidan“ 11 wlis ruseTis javaxkis diasporis mimarTva Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleebo! Semdeg, swored 15 noembers _ saxelmwifo saqarTvelo safrTxeSia! Cven sajarod da araerTxel vafrTxgadatrialebis mizniT „nacmoZraobis“ pirveli ilebdiT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisa da daSlis safrTxis masobrivi aqciis dRes _ saqarTveloSi jorj Sesaxeb. da ai ukve saxezea amis zogierTi Ria gamovlineba. yvelasaTvis naTelia, rom Cveni sayvareli saqarTvelos mtrebis mier sorosi Camova, Tavisi dakrZalvis fulis SemuSavebulia qveyanaSi politikuri krizisis inicirebisa da xelsiuflebis Secvlis Taobaze moqmedebebis gegma. saqarTveloSi gamosamuSaveblad... oficialurad cnobili politteqnologimiliarderi, romelic mTel msoflioSi xelisuflebis cvlas asponsorebs, saqarTveloSi Tavisi fondis filialis 20-wlian iubileze Camodis, romelsac „Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo“ hqvia. bolos jorj sorosi saqarTvelos kerZo vizitad 2012 wlis dekemberSi estumra, roca biZina ivaniSvils Sexvda, aseve sorosi davosSi Sexvda irakli RaribaSvils da dRes ukve sagareo saqmeTa eqsministr maia fanjikiZes, romlis mimarTac, rogorc amboben, gulgrili ar aris... saqinformis mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom sorosis fondis warmomadgenlebi msoflios 30-ze met qveyanaSi muSaoben. 20 wlis win _ 1994 wels _ sorosma saqarTveloSi Tavisi fondis filiali gaxsna, maSin qarTvelebma da araqarTvelebma pirvelad gaiges muqTa fulis Sesaxeb, romelsac granti ewodeba; arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac en-je-o-ebi ewodeba, da treningebis Sesaxeb, sadac proeqtebis weras aswavlian... 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi _ 1994-dan 2004 wlamde sorosma saqarTveloSi sazogadoeba moamzada gadatrialebisTvis, saxelmwodebiT „vardebis revolucia“, romlis Sedegadac xelisuflebaSi movida misi xalxi, saakaSviliT saTaveSi, da sorosma sameulTan erTad, „revoluciaSi“ Cadebuli xarjebi amoiRo... gadioda wlebi, Camowva mwuxri, saakaSvili gaqceuli sisxlis samarTlis damnaSave da bomJia... amitom kidev 11 wlis Semdeg _ 2014 wels _ mousvenarma filantropma gadawyvita saqarTveloSi kidev erTi revoluciis mowyoba, „maidanis“ msgavsad, da masze Tavisi dasasaflavebeli fulis gamomuSaveba... axali revolucia mwifdeba, an gulaxdilad rom vTqvaT _ saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, rac apriori qveyanas mis saboloo gaqrobamde miiyvans. amasTan dakavSirebiT, mogiwodebT: 1. yvela saSualebiTa da xerxiT mxari davuWiroT saqarTvelos mTavrobas, premier-ministri irakli RaribaSviliT saTaveSi; 2. ar avyveT provokaciul mowodebebs da uari vTqvaT gamyidveli adgilobrivi anda ucxouri destruqciuli Zalebis mier insinuirebuli nebismieri saxis masobriv Sekrebebsa da saprotesto aqciebSi monawileobaze; 3. saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo gadatrialebis SemTxvevaSi, gamocxaddes samcxe-javaxeTis mxaris teritoria romelime saxelmwifos gareT arsebul suverenul teritoriad; _ Seiqmnas mxaris droebiTi aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba axali legitimuri xelisuflebis organoebis formirebamde; _ uari vTqvaT dasavleTis mier Tavsmoxveul da iZulebiT e. w. koabitaciaze da gavauqmoT mxaris yvela politikuri partia; 4. saswrafod Catardes lustracia da mkacr pasuxisgebaSi mieces yvela piri, romelic qveynis rRvevaSi monawileobs. ruseTis javaxkis diaspora ruseTis federacia, 2014 wlis 7 noemberi saqinformi 18-25 noemberi 2014 11 ilori “saakaSvilis problema dRes irakli alasaniaa” “mTeli is periodi, rac mixeil saakaSvili aRar aris prezidenti, man uamravi dro da energia daxarja imisaTvis, rom dasavleTis TvalSi erTaderTi da Seucvleli prodasavleli qarTveli lideri politikosis imiji gaeZlierebina” “adamianebs dRevandeli kvercxi urCevniaT xvalindel qaTams, Tundac es qaTami evropulad iyos Semwvari… Znelia kacs, romelsac Sin normalur sadils danatrebuli Svilebi elodebian, dasavluri sistemuri mowyobis istoriul upiratesobaze esaubro” rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi mas Semdeg, rac irakli alasania da misi politikuri gundi umravlesobidan opoziciaSi gadavida, ra Seicvleba qarTul politikur realobaSi da vis gauweven konkurencias Tavisufali demokratebi, am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema politikis da samarTlis centris Tavmjdomares amiran giguaSvils vTxoveT. _ batono amiran, jer kidev maSin, rodesac irakli alasania Tavdacvis ministrad rCeboda, ambobdiT, rom mmarTvel koaliciaSi politikuri gadarCevis procesi daiwyo, romelic nacionaluri moZraobis, rogorc ZiriTadi prodasavluri opoziciuri Zalis Canacvlebas gamoiwvevda da am rols Tavisufali demokratebi Seasrulebdnen. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan sainteresoa, ramdenad moaxerxeben Tavisufali demokratebi wamyvani prodasavluri opoziciuri niSis dakavebas. eyofaT Tu ara maT gamocdileba da eleqtoratis mxardaWera aseTi ambiciuri miznebis misaRwevad? _ me arasodes miTqvams, rom ivaniSvili, RaribaSvili da alasania dasxdnen da es procesi winaswar dagegmes, magram amave dros movlenaTa bunebrivi ganviTareba amgvari Sedegi winaswar ganWvretis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. mmarTveli koaliciis, rogorc erTiani organizmis Seqmnis da gamaerTianebeli faqtori nacionaluri moZraobis damarcxeba iyo da mas Semdeg rac ganvlil sxvadasxva donis arCevnebze maT am amocanas met-naklebi warmatebiT gaarTves Tavi, bunebrivad daiwyo koaliciis daSlis procesi. vfiqrob Tavisufali demokratebi ukanasknelni ar iqnebian, vinc koalicias datovebs da am kataklizmebiT aRsavse procesis mowmeni kidev didxans viqnebiT, minimum 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebamde. rac Seexeba Tavisufali demokratebis Sansebs. es mTlianad maTzea damokidebuli. irakli alasanias, iseve rogorc gasul wlebSi amJamadac SesaniSnavi sastarto pirobebi aqvs da kidev ufro ukeTesi eqneboda, Tavad rom ar Seesustebina is muxti, romelic Tanamdebobidan moxsnisas aswia. man Tavidan es procesebi qveynis evropul arCevanTan brZolas daukavSira, xolo Semdeg yovelive mxolod prokraturis mier misi gundis winaaRmdeg dakavSirebul gamoZiebamde daiyvana, rac vfiqrob minimum damabnevelia misive potenciuri eleqtoratisaTvis. meores mxriv, SesaZloa ase ukeTesi iyos kidec, raTa mieces saSualeba naklebi politikuri wnexis qveS moaxerxos gadajgufeba da organizaciuli sakiTxebis mogvareba. rac Seexeba Tavisufali demokratebis mzaobas da gamocdilebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom xSirad maTSi di plomatia sWarbobs politikosobas, vfiqrob isini kidev didxans iTamaSeben wamyvan poziciebze. Tumca uaxloes momavalSi Sansebi calke aRebul arc erT prodasavlur Zalas ar eqneba da momaval saparlamento arCevnebSi maT aucileblad mouwevT gaerTianeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini ganwirulni arian didi marcxisaTvis. _ ra gaZlevT aseTi pesimisturi prognozis gakeTebis safuZvels. qarTuli ocneba da masSi Semavali partiebi acxadeben, rom isini qveynis dasavluri kursis erTgulebi rCebian. _ imedi maqvs premier ministr RaribaSvilis mkveTri gancxadebebi maT ucvlel kursze evro-atlantikuri integraciis mimarTulebiT mxolod deklaraciad ar darCeba. Zalian kargia, rom aseTi gancxadeba maSinve gakeTda, rodesac yofilma Tavdacvis ministrma da misi gundis sxva wevrebma es sakiTxi win wamoswies. amave konteqstSi droulia prezident margvelaSvilis mowodeba gaimarTos sajaro ganxilva qveynis evro-atlantikuri mimarTulebiT arsebuli gamowvevebis Sesaxeb. amasTan mxolod Tundac prodasavluri mmarTveli Zalis yofna momaval parlamentSi, sulac ar niSnavs, rom es sakmarisia kursis mdgradobisa da ucvlelobisaTvis. Cven parlamentSi poziciaSic da opoziciaSic prodasavluri Zalebi gvWirdeba. sazogadoebis dRevandeli ganwyoba ki aSkarad miuTiTebs imedgacruebaze am mxriv. adamianebs dRevandeli kvercxi urCevniaT xvalindel qaTams, Tundac es qaTami evropulad iyos Semwvari. yoveldRiurobiT problemebiT daRlil Cvens moqalaqeebs, romelTa umetesobasac elementarulad TviTgadarCenis problemebi aqvT, maRal materiebze da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebze fiqrisTvis ubralod dro ar rCebaT. Znelia kacs, romelsac Sin normalur sadils danatrebuli Svilebi elodebian, dasavluri sistemuri mowyobis istoriul upiratesobaze esaubro. realoba aseTia da am realobiT kargad sargebloben latenturi jgufebi, romelTa kumiric moZalade reJimebia da ara TeTrxelTaTmaniani evroparlamentarebi. – ramdenad realurad gesaxebaT prodasavluri Zalebis erToba, miT umetes maSin, rodesac irakli alasaniam wiTeli xazi gaavlo nacionalur moZraobasTan TanamSromlobis kuTxiT da sazogadoebac ara mgonia amas aplodismentebiT Sexvdes? – politikaSi statikuri araferia, magram es ar aris mTavari. mTavari is aris, rom aseTi TanamSromlobis survili am etapze Tavad nacionalur moZraobasac ar eqneba. ufro sworad ki mis liderebs da konkretulad mixeil saakaSvils. pirvelive Sefasebebi, rac man gaakeTa iyo is, rom am process ivaniSvilis TamaSebi uwoda. garda amisa, mTeli is periodi, rac mixeil saakaSvili aRar aris prezidenti, man uamravi dro da energia daxarja imisaTvis, rom dasavleTis TvalSi erTaderTi da Seucvleli prodasavleli qarTveli lideri politikosis imiji gaeZlierebina. amitomac cxadia, misTvis am TvalsazrisiT mTavari problema dRes irakli alasaniaa, romelmac swored mis segmentSi unda iTamaSos. vin gamova am konkurenciaSi gamarjvebuli amas dro gvanaxebs. mixeil saakaSvils udavod didi fora aqvs, magram amave dros misi radikalizmi da avanturizmi, SesaZloa gadamwyveti xelSemSleli faqtoric aRmoCndes irakli alasanias di plomatiurobasa da gawonasworebulobasTan SedarebiT Cveni strategiuli mokavSireebisaTvis. vnaxoT, uaxloesi momavali yvelafers naTels gaxdis. v.TavberiZe irakli RaribaSvilis frazebi alasaniasa da mis “Tavisufal demokratebze”: irakli RaribaSvili: politika ar aris keklucoba da gapranWuli saubari “me zogadad miyvars pirdpair saubari. sajarod me tyuili ar miTqvams. meore sakiTxia, unda meTqva Tu ar unda meTqva. mec ar momewona is sityvebi rac vTqvi, magram Tu SefasebebSi vidavebT, SemiZlia nebismier adamians SevekamaTo. is rac movismineT, magaliTad, yofili sagareo saqmeTa ministrisgan, Turme me unda gadavmdgariyavi, ai Turme ra hqoniaT Cafiqrebuli, rom amas Cemi gadadgoma moyoloda. es Zalian araseriozuli Sefasebebia maTi mxridan. kidev erTxel adastureben, rom es adamianebi ar iyvnen mowodebuli emsaxuron saxelmwifos. maT srulad Camoixsnes niRabi. TviTlustrireba moaxdines. am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi me realurad sxva adamians viyurebdi. minda Sedareba gavakeTo. rac alasanaim ver gaakeTa ori wlis ganmavlobaSi, am kacma (Tavdacvis axalma ministrma janeliZem) da leqso WikaiZem gaakeTes erT weliwadSi. kveba ver moawesriga ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da 880 samxedro, Cveni gmiri moiwamla. razea saubari da raze melaparakebiT saerTod. politika ar aris podiumebze siaruli, raRac keklucoba da gapranWuli saubari. Cven ar gvcalia, Cven ar gvaqvs dro imisaTvis, rom vasiamovnoT viRac viRaceebs.” “yvela adamiani Tavisufalia Tavis qmedebaSi. Cven mivesalmebiT yvela opoziciur partias. maT kidev erTxel warmoaCines, rom isini arian da iqnebian loialuri “nacionaluri moZraobis” mimarT, rac Zalian kargia. es maTi arCevania. Cven yvela opoziciuri partiis gaaqtiurebas mivesalmebiT, ufro saintereso iqneba politikuri cxovreba. erTi avantiuristi da uWkuo ministri, ambiciuri, CamogvSorda. amiT iseTi araferi ar momxdara”. „moRalate, avantiuristi, uWkuo da ambiciuri ministrebi, romlebisganac gavTavisufldi! alasania Riad lobirebda da mfarvelobda nacionalebs _ bokerias, ugulavas, male sazogadoebas elodeba siurprizebi, misi Tanamoazreebi masze samarcxvino faqtebs Seityoben! is, rac gaakeTa alasaniam, ra Tqma unda, CemTvis piradad aris 2012 wlis 1-li oqtombris gamarjvebis Ralati da qarTveli xalxis motyuebis morigi mcdeloba, rac mas araerTxel gaukeTebia. maTi absoluturad upasuxismgeblo, araadekvaturi, absurduli gancxadebebi da „nacionaluri moZraobis“ stilis sicrue iyo da aris damazianebeli Cveni qveynisTvis. bolo ori dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenime sajaro ganmartebis gakeTeba momiwia imisTvis, rom bolomde gagveqarwylebina SesaZlo eWvebi, rac maT absurdul gancxadebebs ukavSirdeboda. Tundac is, rom maia fanjikiZes hqonda demonstraciulad moadgileebis gayolebis mcdeloba, adasturebs maT upasuxismgeblobas da upativcemulobas Cveni gundis winaSe. es adamianebi 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi yoveldRe CvenTan erTad iyvnen. rogor SeiZleba, es yvelaferi erTi xelis mosmiT daiviwyon da uari uTxran im gamarjvebas, romelsac mivaRwieT baton biZina ivaniSvilTan erTad. es Zalian samwuxaroa CemTvis. sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgileebi, daviT zalkalianis garda, Tanamdebobebze rCebian, vinaidan maT daikaves saxelmwifoebrivi pozicia. mimdinare kviras saqarTvelos ori sagareo saqmeTa ministri stumrobs da samarcxvino iqneboda, Tu maT sagareo uwyebaSi aravin daxvdeboda”! gazeT “iloris” komentari: rogorc cnobilia, beRurebi Sor manZilze ver frenen da erT gafrenaze mxolod ramdenime aseuli metris dafarva SeuZliaT. Cveni azriT, alasaniasa da misi gundis WeSmariti miznebis gamoaaSkaravebis Semdeg maT mier ganxorcielebuli wiaRsvla gaxlavT “beRurebis politikuri gadafrena”, radgan isini Sors ar wasulan da iqve daeSvnen _ nacionalebis bostanSi. analitikosebi adrec varaudobdnen, rom alasanias gundsa da nacionalebs kudebi erTmaneTze hqondaT gadanaskvuli, magram Tu “Tavisufali demokratebi” da maTi lideri ase xelerTpirad CamoiZrobdnen niRabs da gamoaaSkaravebdnen TavianT dafarul mzakvrul miznebs, es namdvilad aravis egona. magram, xom gagigoniaT: “Subi xalTaSi ar daimaleba”! devnilobaSi myof oCamCiris mkvidrTa XI Cempionati nardSi sazogadoebriv-patriotuli organizacis “erToba”-s iniciativiT sazeimo viTarebaSi Catarda devnilobaSi myof oCamCiris mkvidrTa morigi _ XI Cempionati nardSi, romlis istoria iwyeba 2001 wlidan da, rogorc wesi, yovel Cempionatis Catareba eZRvneboda romelime gamorCeul Tanamoqalaqes. aseTi pirovnebebi iyvnen Tbilisis “dinamo”-sa da ssrk nakrebis TvalsaCino wevrebi, fexburTelebi a. tyebuCava, v. sanaia, v. marRania, g. norakiZe, v. daraselia da sxvebi. gansakuTrebiT aRiniSneba iseTi pirovnebis Rvawli, rogoric iyo sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri meliton qanTaria, romlmac gamarjvebis droSa aRmarTa raixstagis gumbaTze _ 1945 wlis 9 maiss. oCamCirs Rirseuli mkvidria giorgi fifia, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi Rirseulad uZRveboda qveynis uSiSroebis erT-erT wamyvan da sakvanZo struqturas. amJamad mimdinareobs mzadeba moskovis bakulevis saxelobis kardiologiuri centris xelmZRvanelis leo bokeeias 75 wlis aRsaniSnavad. rac Seexeba ganvlil Cempionats, igi Catarda 2014 wlis 1-2 noembers da masSi monawileobda 32 pirovneba. ordRiani daZabuli brZolis Sedegad gaimarjva Tadarigis polkovnikma vladimer ubiriam, romelic pirveli Cempioni gaxda 2001 wels. meore adgilze gavida iuristi vaxtang gogua, mesameze ki istorikosi nodar kemularia. samive priziori dajildovda medlebiTa da fasiani saCuqrebiT. Cempionats unarianad uZRveboda sportis ostati Tengiz norakiZe, romelsac aqtiurad exmarebodnen givi Cxetia, arCil gigava, rezo Cxetia, gia Sanava da sxvebi. didi daxmareba gagviwies oCamCirelebma, maT Soris finanasuric. am mxriv Tavi gamoiCines energetikosma soso kakuliam, saqarTvelos damsaxurebulma melioratorma lorenco Sarangiam, sabanko saqmis specialistma Tamaz Ciqobavam, Cenpionats stumrobdnen iuri doCia, roland jobava, vladimer ubiria da sxvebi. Tengiz norakiZe, sportis ostati 12 ilori 18-25 noemberi 2014 sportuli kuTxe mihyavs Jurnalist giorgi jalaRanias ubedurebad qceuli momavlis imedi manZili ar adardebs m-1 Celenjis mZimewonosan Cempions guram gugeniSvils (11-0), romelic mzadaa qamari nebismieri metoqisgan daicvas. gurami ivlisSi amerikis dasapyrobad emzadeba. gugenaSvilisTvis okeanis gadaRma brZola sadebiuto iqneba “qarTveli manqana _ guram gugenaSvili” am saTauriT, klub “m-1 globalis” veb-gverdma mixfight.ru-m mZimewonosan qarTvel mebrZols, M_ 1 Celenjis Cempionis qamris mflobel guram gugenaSvils saintereso statia uZRvna. samwuxaroa, rom am mxiarul da gamamxnevebel statias imedismomcem qarTvel vaJkacze, romlis sportulma warmatebebma lamis mTeli msoflio aalaparaka, mis nekrologad viyenebT, radgan saqarTveloSi dasasveneblad Camosuli sportsmeni moulodnelma avtoavariam imsxverpla, roca igi megobrebTan erTad sanadirod iyo wasuli. friad samwuxaroa, rom beWdaudebeli vaJkaci aseT brma SemTxvevas ewireba da aoblebs ojaxs, megobrebs, msoflio sports. aravin icis, kidev rodis gagvezrdeba qarTvelebs guram gugenaSvilisTana niWieri daumarcxebeli falavani, romelic ramdenime weliwadSi iqca gulSematkivarTa kerpad. kargi yma mamuls ukvdebao _ uTqvams moulodneli danakargiT Tavzardacemul Cvens winapars. samwuxarod, asea _ guram gugenaSvili ara mxilod mis ojaxsa da samegobros, aramed mamuls moukvda! naTelSi amyofos RmerTma! aRniSnul werilSi gurami sakuTar sabrZolo teqnikasa da momaval brZolaze saubrobs, romelic aSS-Si 2915 wlis 8 ivliss igegmeboda. qarTvelis metoqe amerikeli mebrZoli pet beneti (4-2) iqneboda. _ saqarTvelodan niu iorkamde manZili daaxloebiT 7.500 km-ia. es siSore qveynebsa da kulturebs erTmaneTisgan didad ganasxvavebs, Tumca “es aSS-Si Cemi pirveli brZola iqneba, am dRis dadgomas gansakuTrebiT moveli, Tumca srulebiT ar vnerviulob. CemTvis ar aqvs mniSvneloba, romel qveyanaSi momiwevs brZola. gamonaklisi mxolod saqarTveloa _ iq gamosvla udides pasuxismgeblobas makisrebs”. saerTod, qarTvelebi sabrZolo xelovnebas yovelTvis did yuradRebas uTmobdnen. sxvaTa Soris, amboben, rom jer kidev romis imperiis zeobis xanaSi romaeli meomrebi savarjiSo gamocdilebas qarTvelebisgan iRebdnen. swored am qveynis Svilia guram gugeniSvili, romelic Tbilisidan ukrainaSi “ _ 1 ukrainas” miwveviT gadabargda, axla ki kievsa da doneckSi varjiSobs. gugeniSvili savarjiSo pirobebiT aRfrTovanebulia: “me aq yvelaferi maqvs, rac saWiroa: Tanamedrove darbazi, axali trenaJorebi, kargi ringi da tatami”. cota xnis win man klubi da sawvrTnelo baza gamoicvala, Tumca mzadebis procesis umTavresi piroba ucvlelia: “Cemi mTavari mwvrTneli iyo da yovelTvis iqneba ioseb koberiZe. Cem savarjiSo meTodikaSi raime saidumlo ar imaleba: is praqtikasa da muxlCauxrel Sromazea agebuli”. arcTu didi xnis win vebgverdma Bloody Elbow-ma ММАSi msoflios saukeTeso ax- hbnpwjeb!tfshfj!lsfnmjpwjt xjho “mbwsfouj!cfsjb!`!YY tbvlvojt!tbvlfUftp! nfofkfsj”-t!Ubshnbojt!nfpUyf upnj- sjUbd!ebtsvmeb! pUyupnfvmjt!hbnpdfnb ISSN 1987-8966 algazrda mZimewonosnad swored gurami daasaxela. masze saubrisas yvela maxasiaTebeli erT sityvaSi erTiandeba _ potenciali. guramis simaRle 195 sm-ia, wona 100-ze meti. is sul 24 wlisaa. miqs faitSi misi debiuti ori wlis win Sedga. guramma zedized 11 brZola moigo. “brZolisas Tavisufali Widaobisa da sabrZolo sambos ileTebs viyeneb, rac kargi kombinaciaa brZolaSi momgebiani poziciis misaRebad. yovelTvis ar veSurebi metoqis mogudvas, aramed gamarjvebisTvis aucilebel strategiul moqmedebebs mivmarTav. ubralod, xSirad ise xdeba xolme, rom am Zalisxmevis Semdeg moguduli metoqe mnebdeba”. gugeniSvilis erTaderT naklovanebad brZolis dros mis sawyis mdgomareobas asaxeleben, Tumca mravali aTletisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic SeniSvnebs uyuradRebod toveben, gurami mudmivad ganviTarebasa da daxvewas saWirod miiCnevs. axalgazrda qarTvelis swored es Tviseba aRafrTovanebs mis mwvrTnels ioseb koberiZes: “mwvrTnels ar SeuZlia sportsmens Sromismoyvareoba da mizanswrafuloba aswavlos. es instiqtebia, romelic adamianis qvecnobierSi an aris, an ara. guramis SemTxvevaSi, es misi yvelaze Zlieri Tvisebaa. yvelaferTan erTad is sakmaod gonieria da sakuTari Tavis yvelaze didi kritikosia”. sportsmenisTvis erTerTi umTavresi Tviseba xom nebisyofa da gamZleobaa. gurami am mxrivac gamorCeulia. ai, ase aRwers is sakuTar stils: “kargad gaviTavise, rom brZolis dros aramxolod me vkargav energias, igive emarTeba _ leila, sayvarelo, gamoiyvane bavSvi baRidan? _ ki! _ agi araa Cemi bavSvi! _ arc isaa Seni... * * * araferi ise ar amaRlebs potencias, rogorc msubuqi Sexeba gaSiSvlebul mavTulTan. * * * _ Seni kata ratom dadis Werze? _ zeda mezoblebs magari “pileukve gamovida I, II,III da IV sosi” aqvT. * * * tomebi sergei kremliovis benzingasamarT sadgurTan kaci wignisa “beria _ XX saukunis papiross eweva. kaxeli eubneba: saukeTeso menejeri” (redaq_ Caaqre Cqara, Torem Tu daatori aleqsandre Sengelia). baTquna, ormocamde Zirs ar Camogamocema ganxorcielda sax- gagdebs. alxo moZraoba “samegrelos” * * * mxardaWeriT. wignebis SeZena adamians Tu yvelafers miscem, rac SeiZleba zugdidSi, rus- unda, isic moundeba, rac manamde ar Tavelis q.#68-Si, saxalxo undoda. * * * moZraoba “samegrelos” ofis_ Cemi Zroxa iseTi daRlili Si. tel. 599.209.624 TbilisSi wignis realiza- movida naxiridan, vedro rom Sevudgi, cia moxdeba yovel oTxSabaT zed Camojda. * * * dRes, dilis 9 saaTze, baqraZis svani dgas avtobusis gaCerebasq.#6-Si (didube), an, yoveldRe, Tan, mivida meore svani da ekiTxeba: metro “marjaniSvilis” _ Sen ra nomers ucdi? amosasvlelSi, gazeTebis _ me 2 nomers, Sen? gamyidvel paatasTan. _ me 5 nomers. cnobisaTvis darekeT _ movida 25 nomeri avtobusi da orive avida. 599.573.322 ilori redaqciis misamarTi: Tbilisi, baqraZis quCa #6 sareg. #01018002930 234-32-95 avtorebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da monacemebis sizusteze. xelnawerebi avtorebs ar ubrundebaT. ori Tabaxis furcelze meti moculobis teqsti redaqcias unda gaegzavnos el.fostiT (an lazeris diskiT). mTavari redaqtori: teqnikuri redaqtori: gazeTis menejeri: metoqesac. ra Tqma unda, orive viRlebiT, magram sakuTar Tavs STavagoneb, rom swored axlaa aucilebeli Zalisxmeva da Seteva. saWiroa metoqeze meti gamZleobis gamovlena. SesaZloa es yvelaferi sasacilodac JRerdes, Tumca minda Cemi bavSvobis ambavi movyve. pataraobisas pitbuli myavda, romelic Zalian miyvarda da masTan did dros vatarebdi. gawvrTnisas vakvirdebodi mis moqmedebebs da analizs vukeTebdi mis Seupovrobas. situaciis Sefaseba fxizeli gonebiTaa saWiro, brZola ki mTeli SemarTebiT unda warmarTo. brZolis dros fsiqologias udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs: ringze yovelTvis Tavdajerebuli gavdivar. araviTari “SesaZloa” an “vaiTu”... gonebaSi trialebs mxolod “gamarjveba” da “es unda SeZlo”. swored am Tvisebebis gamo axerxebs guram gugeniSvili brZolis dros iseTi saxifaTo mdgomareobebidan Tavis daZvrenas da gamarjvebamde misvlas, sxva rom far-xmals dayrida. miuxedavad imisa, rom miqs faiti, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise ukrainaSi Sorsaa im donisgan, romelic amerikaSia, gugenaSvili samSobloSi varsklavis statuss nelnela, magram iZens. “Cven ringze ori qveynis droSiT gamovdivarT: qarTuliT da ukrainuliT. gurami saqarTvelos moqalaqea da Tavisi qveynis patriotia. Tumca, misTvis didi pativia ibrZolos rogorc saqarTvelos, ise ukrainis saxeliT. bolo brZolis Semdeg Cven teleJurnalistebTan nayofierad vimuSaveT da axla saqarTveloSi ician, vinaa gurami da ras saqmianobs: “M_ 1 globali”. saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelos” zugdidis organizacia didi gulistkiviliT iuwyeba, rom gardaicvala batoni jonson kvaracxelia adamiani, romelmac ASeifara e.w. msoflio axali wesrigis mesveurTa agentis ed. SevardnaZis bandebisagan devnili, Cveni samSoblos prezidenti batoni zviad gamsaxurdia... ufalma naTelSi amyofos micvalebulis suli tbybmyp!nlvsobmnb!npvhp!pnj!kfs ljefw!n[mbws!“obdjpobmvs”! gbsnblpnbgjbt-!spnfmjd!njt eb[jswbt!dejmpceb!eb!lwmbw!Dbehb ybmyjt!kbonsUfmpcjt!tbntbyvsTj domenti gagniZis mier Seqmnili preparati arCens avTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas, kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas, nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralur damblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas, botulizms, tuberkulozs, cerozs I da II stadiebSi, c-hepatits, naRvlis buStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, amyarebs imunitets, da sxva mraval daavadebas. mkurnalis koordinatebia: Telavi, sofeli Salauri, gagniZe biWiko (domenti). tel: 893-22-66-51 Tbilisi, awyuris quCa #70 (metro “isanTan”), yoveldRe _ SabaT-kviris garda, 10-dan 16 saaTamde. masTan sicocxleze xelCaqneulebi midian da janmrTelebi brundebian roland jalaRania mixeil CodriSvili zurab qobalia 599-34-37-27 saredaqcio sabWo: zaur gaxaria, zurab jamburia, Tengiz kublaSvili, zviad mirgatia, givi somxiSvili, viqtor caava, giorgi siWinava, nugzar salayaia (gali) gazeT “iloris” gacnoba SegiZliaT “saqinformis” vebgverdze WWW.saqinform.ge
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