The U.S. Department of Energy’s Ten-Year Plans for the Office of Science National Laboratories Fiscal Year 2013 July 2013 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................3 Ames Laboratory ........................................................................................................................................................4 Argonne National Laboratory...................................................................................................................................17 Brookhaven National Laboratory .............................................................................................................................49 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ...................................................................................................................79 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory .................................................................................................................95 Oak Ridge National Laboratory .............................................................................................................................128 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ..................................................................................................................171 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory ....................................................................................................................188 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory .................................................................................................................198 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility ....................................................................................................219 Appendix 1. SC Laboratory Core Capabilities ......................................................................................................233 Appendix 2. List of DOE/NNSA/DHS Missions ..................................................................................................237 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 2 Introduction The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC) is responsible for the effective stewardship of 10 national laboratories. The DOE national laboratories were created as a means to an end: victory in World War II and national security in the face of the new atomic age. Since then, they have consistently responded to national priorities: first for national defense, but also in the space race and more recently in the search for new sources of energy, new energy-efficient materials, new methods for countering terrorism domestically and abroad, and addressing the challenges established in the President’s American Competitive Initiative (ACI) and the Advanced Energy Initiative (AEI). Today, the 10 national laboratories for which SC is responsible comprise the most comprehensive research system of their kind in the world. In supporting DOE’s mission and strategic goals, the SC national laboratories perform a pivotal function in the nation’s research and development (R&D) efforts: increasingly the most interesting and important scientific questions fall at the intersections of scientific disciplines—chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, mathematics—rather than within individual disciplines. The SC national laboratories are specifically designed and structured to pursue research at these intersections. Their history is replete with examples of multiand inter-disciplinary research with far-reaching consequences. This kind of synergy, and the ability to transfer technology from one scientific field to another on a grand scale, is a unique feature of SC national laboratories that is not well-suited to university or private sector research facilities because of its scope, infrastructure needs or multidisciplinary nature. As they have pursued solutions to our nation’s technological challenges, the SC national laboratories have also shaped, and in many cases led, whole fields of science—high energy physics, solid state physics and materials science, nanotechnology, plasma science, nuclear medicine and radiobiology, and large-scale scientific computing, to name a few. This wide-ranging impact on the nation’s scientific and technological achievement is due in large part to the fact that since their inception the DOE national laboratories have been home to many of the world’s largest, most sophisticated research facilities. From the “atom smashers” which allow us to see back to the earliest moments of the Universe, to fusion containers that enable experiments on how to harness the power of the sun for commercial purposes, to nanoscience research facilities and scientific computing networks that support thousands of researchers, the national laboratories are the stewards of our country’s “big science.” As such, the national laboratories remain the best means the Laboratory knows of to foster multi-disciplinary, largefacility science to national ends. In addition to serving as lynchpins for major laboratory research initiatives that support DOE missions, the scientific facilities at the SC national laboratories are also operated as a resource for the broader national research community. Collectively, the laboratories served over 30,000 facility users and more than 7,000 visiting scientists in Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, significant portions of which are from universities, other Federal agencies, and private companies. SC’s challenge is to ensure that these institutions are oriented to focus, individually and collectively, on achieving the DOE mission, that Government resources and support are allocated to ensure their long-term scientific and technical excellence, and that a proper balance exists among them between competition and collaboration. This year, SC engaged its laboratories in a strategic planning activity that asked the laboratory leadership teams to define an exciting, yet realistic, long-range vision for their respective institutions based on agreed-upon core capabilities assigned to each. 1 This information provided the starting point for discussions between the DOE/SC leadership and the laboratories about the laboratories’ current strengths and weaknesses, future directions, immediate and long-range challenges, and resource needs, and for the development of a DOE/SC plan for each laboratory. This document presents DOE/SC’s strategic plans for its ten laboratories for the period FY 2013-2022. 1 A table depicting the distribution of core capabilities across the SC laboratories is provided in Appendix 1, along with the definitions for each core capability category. Appendix 2 provides a listing of the DOE missions. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 3 Ames Laboratory Mission and Overview The Ames Laboratory (AMES) was formally established in 1947 by the US Atomic Energy Commission as a result of AMES' successful development of the most efficient process to produce high-purity uranium metal in large quantities for the Manhattan Project. Situated on the campus of Iowa State University, the Laboratory’s mission is to create materials, inspire minds to solve problems, and address global challenges. AMES is the premier DOE Laboratory for research on rare earths and other critical materials, and leads DOE’s Energy Innovation Hub for critical materials research. Our scientific mission is aided by the Materials Preparation Center, which prepares, purifies, fabricates, and characterizes materials in support of R&D programs throughout the world. AMES performs research for the DOE’s basic energy, applied energy, fossil energy, and nonproliferation programs. Through work for others activities, AMES conducts research for and provides materials to the National Institute of Justice, Department of Defense, various law enforcement agencies, and corporations. AMES researchers have won 18 R&D 100 Awards from R&D Magazine, and lead the DOE Complex in converting its technology into products (2011 and 2012 total economic contribution of $1.1B). Educating future scientists is a key component of our work; over 3000 Masters and Ph.D. degrees in science and engineering have been awarded to ISU students working on DOE-funded projects. Key areas of expertise are materials design, synthesis and processing; analytical instrumentation design and development; materials characterization; catalysis; computational chemistry; condensed matter theory; and computational materials science and materials theory. These areas enable AMES to deliver its mission and customer focus, to perform a core role in the DOE laboratory system, and to pursue its vision for scientific excellence and preeminence in the following areas: • Materials research directed towards energy technologies including optical, magnetic, intermetallic, and catalytic materials; alternatives for rare earths and other critical materials; studies of high temperature materials and materials in extreme conditions; and • Analytical techniques and instrument development to support energy research needs. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Lab-at-a-Glance Location: Ames, Iowa Type: Single-program Laboratory Contractor: Iowa State University of Science and Technology Responsible Site Office: Ames Site Office Website: www.ameslab.gov Physical Assets: • 8 acres (lease–long term, no cost) and 12 buildings • 327,664 sf in buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $76.8 million • 0 sf in 0 Excess Facilities • 0 sf in Leased Facilities Human Capital: • 310 Full Time Equivalent Employees (FTEs) • 95 Joint faculty • 51 Postdoctoral researchers • 55 Undergraduate and 94 Graduate students • 0 Facility users • 5 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): Other DOE, $2.9 WFO, $4.4 NNSA, $0.3 EERE, $3.1 Other SC, $3.7 BES, $22.3 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $36.6 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $32.2 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $4.4 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 12% DHS Costs: $0.1 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $0.0 million 4 Core Capabilities The Office of Science has identified 3 major core capabilities at the Ames Laboratory: • • • Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Chemical and Molecular Science Applied Materials Science and Engineering 1. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. The Ames Laboratory is recognized worldwide for its leading research in the theory, design, synthesis, processing and characterization of innovative, energyrelevant materials. Exceptional strengths in this core capability include rare-earth metals and alloys, photonic-band-gap materials, metamaterials, magnetic materials, high-temperature superconductors, correlated electron materials, and biomaterials. AMES is also internationally recognized for its ability to grow high quality samples of unusual materials, which it distributes all over the world. To study these materials, AMES’ condensed matter physics and materials sciences teams develop and use cutting-edge techniques, including X-ray and neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR). Computational methods such as quantum-Monte-Carlo simulations, electronic structure calculations, and classical and quantum molecular-dynamics simulations are continually being pushed to new limits for taming the complexity of material problems. Pioneering theoretical methods with innovative numerical algorithms are being created to enable computational discovery of new materials and to enable and to fashion materials by design using DOE’s significant computational resources. These methods serve to guide experiments and reduce the time needed to develop advanced materials to serve the nation’s energy needs. Additionally, novel methods for finding important data correlations are being explored for material data-discovery where correlated data that are important are “discovered” rather than “mined” based on preconceived relationships; unexpected correlations are the focus here. AMES continues to exploit its ability to advance materials design by linking theory and experiment. Shortages of rare earth and other energy critical materials have put the Ames Laboratory in the international spotlight. AMES is home to DOE’s newest energy innovation hub, the Critical Materials Institute. Ames Laboratory and its 18 partner institutions are focused on source diversification, material substitution, efficient use of existing sources and the underlying science to meet these goals. Major Sources of Funding: The Office of Science, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy the Office of Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, and Work for Others. 2. Chemical and Molecular Science. Ames Laboratory interdisciplinary research teams develop and apply theoretical, computational and experimental methods to study biological processes, catalysts, chemical reactivity, energy conversion, and surface dynamics. World-leading research is conducted at the interface between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis enabling the design of new catalysts that combine the best characteristics of both. The Laboratory improves the understanding of molecular processes for energy and security decision-making, and molecular design using new simulation and modeling techniques. These methods are made available to other researchers throughout the world; our most popular code, General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS), has over 150,000 registered users. The Ames Laboratory enables discoveries through the development of techniques to characterize a broad range of materials at time scales and length scales never before possible. The Laboratory is internationally recognized for advancing solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR), optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single molecule spectroscopy. Our techniques are used in applications ranging from bioenergy to bioremediation to national security. Fine spatial chemical analysis and optical imaging within plants and solid catalysts are a forte of the Ames Laboratory. Recent discoveries resulted in a revised model of plant cell walls and the first demonstration of enhancing chemical transformations by expelling the byproducts from porous catalytic materials. Major Sources of Funding: The Office of Science and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. 1. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. The Ames Laboratory applies the knowledge derived from fundamental computational, theoretical and experimental research to invent, design and synthesize new materials with specific energy- and environment-relevant functionalities. AMES develops, demonstrates, and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 5 deploys materials that accelerate technological advancements in a wide range of fields; from materials that are keeping things cool in the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, to a lead-free solder that is used virtually in all electronics, to analytical techniques that can detect harmful chemicals in minute amounts, and to a new material for more efficient transmission wires. AMES is world-renowned for developing materials that improve energy efficiency and conversion, and reduce environmental impact. Our advanced titaniumpowder processing capabilities lead the world with unprecedented control over particle size and voiding, and will have substantial impact on key advanced manufacturing capabilities and reduction of materials waste during the manufacturing cycle (e.g., potential reduction of titanium feedstock-to-part ratio from 11:1 to 1.5:1). This technology has been licensed to the startup company Iowa Powder Atomization Technologies. Key impacts of the Ames Laboratory’s work in applied materials science and engineering include catalysts, ultra-hard materials, low-friction materials, special magnetic alloys, high-temperature superconductors, powder processing for rapid and low-loss manufacturing, light-weight/high-strength materials and engineering alloys that are responsive to energy and environmental concerns. Renewed interest in critical materials and the recent announcement by DOE of the Critical Materials Institute to be led by the Ames Laboratory has brought many industrial partners to the Laboratory. AMES is working towards solutions in the science, engineering, and economics of critical materials to help assure economicallyviable processing techniques, new materials for clean-energy technologies, such as generators, motors and lighting and magnets. We are working with key industrial partners to assure the availability of these materials, develop new techniques to recover materials from waste and scrap or to find acceptable alternatives to critical materials such as neodymium-iron-boron magnets. AMES’ Simulation, Modeling, and Decision Sciences Program encompasses systems engineering and impacts, for example, accelerated manufacturing. In particular, virtual engineering, simulation and modeling – embodied in AMES’ integrated engineering design environment called VE-Suite – links together models, detailed process simulations, data and real-time graphics to permit 3-D, real-time engineering design of complex systems, such as next-generation power plants, efficient cars, and new video games. VE-Suite has received two R&D 100 Awards. There have been 4,500 downloads of VE-Suite since October 2011 and it is used daily by the US Army. VE-Suite has been incorporated into VirtualPaint®, a teaching tool that trains spray technicians by users viewing and interacting with real spray application equipment while simulating the actual application on to a virtual surface. Major Sources of Funding: The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office of Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, and Work for Others. Science Strategy for the Future Reducing our Nation’s dependence on foreign oil and moving to a greener economy critically depend on the development of new materials for energy production and efficient energy conversion. Agility in the invention and production of new materials is the forte of AMES. From our scientific advances, the economy prospers with new innovations enabled by novel materials that provide enhanced functionalities. Our initiatives build upon our expertise, our traditional strengths and successes in materials development for energy technologies, and our science and technology cornerstones. AMES couples advanced characterization techniques to reveal underlying material properties and computational materials science to design desirable materials behavior. AMES has a core contingent of scientists and engineers with the demonstrated ability to make transformational discoveries. A key initiative continues to be materials discovery, design, synthesis and processing, with contributions from all of our core science and applied engineering capabilities, including rare earths and other critical materials; analytical instrumentation design and development; materials characterization; computational chemistry; computational materials science; and condensed matter theory. With advanced characterization technique development and implementation being a key strength and woven through AMES’ science and applied efforts, we are advancing foundational methods the use of dynamic nuclear polarization for characterizing catalytic materials, complex biomolecular materials and inorganic materials in materials and materials chemistry. The greener advances for catalysis and energy is AMES’ initiative in specially designed catalysis more efficient energyconversion process streams for a cleaner environment. This initiative takes advantage of our expertise in computational chemistry and chemical synthesis. The key science drivers and successes for our initiatives and successful outcomes are discussed below. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 6 Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. The Ames Laboratory strives to be a good steward of DOE facilities by maintaining them in excellent condition with a long term viewpoint in order to maximize our ability to support the mission of the Laboratory. While the facilities have been maintained in good condition, the research buildings are all over 50 years old and there are limits to the ability to update them to support current research initiatives. AMES has embraced the mission readiness process as a way to identify the mission critical gaps in our facilities and infrastructure. The basic strategy of this plan for meeting AMES' infrastructure needs is to design projects that address specific gaps identified during the Mission Readiness process. By addressing specific gaps, our projects can be smaller and easier to fund. However, this can create a patchwork of facility improvements rather than an integrated facility improvement that meets multiple modernization needs. AMES will continue to pursue a multi-track approach for meeting our infrastructure needs including projects supported by overhead, GPP, SLI, and LineItem. This flexible approach will provide more options and greater flexibility as AMES continues the dialog with SC management concerning our infrastructure needs. Listed below are the key elements in our strategy and the decision points that will affect the successful execution of the plan: Sensitive Instrument Facility. This GPP funded facility will provide six instrument bays for high-resolution microscopes and other sensitive instruments. We have received 55% of funding. AMES is currently in the final design phase of the process. Decision Points: Further planning is impacted by the timing of receipt the remaining GPP funds to begin the construction process. Scientific Computing Building. This SLI or other Line-Item project to construct a building (~40,000 gsf) will provide a comprehensive, long-term, solution to scientific and operational computing and computing infrastructure needs. Decision Point: Ascertain if there is Program support for a comprehensive infrastructure initiative through SLI/Line-Item funding. In particular this building will support Materials Infomatics, eDiscovery and eDesign (MIneD). Existing Facilities. We will maximize the mission readiness of existing facilities through the effective use of maintenance and GPP resources. Decision Points: 1. Availability of GPP and maintenance funding for facilities and infrastructure. 2. Discuss with DOE the availability of IGPP funding for AMES to support needed capital improvements. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $76,792,393 $0 $76,792,393 $1,469,787 0 8 0.981 # Building Assets Mission Critical Asset Condition 1 Mission Dependent Index (B, S, T) Not Mission Dependent Office Warehouse Asset Utilization Laboratory Index (B, T) 2, 3 Hospital Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 0.981 0.979 0 100 100 97.49 0 0 # Trailer Assets 4 8 0 1 5 3 0 0 # OSF # GSF # GSF Assets (Bldg) (Trailer) 0 1 280,825 0 1 46,839 0 0 0 0 46,991 0 25,798 0 233,834 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The Ames Laboratory is a Government-owned, contractor-operated facility located on the campus of and operated by Iowa State University (ISU) in Ames, Iowa. There is no federally-owned land at the site (See the Ames Laboratory Land Use Plan). Instead, the Laboratory is situated on approximately 8 acres of state-owned land on the ISU campus under long-term, no cost lease. The lease line can be adjusted to accommodate new Laboratory facilities in the future (see Attachment C). The real property assets include 12 buildings that total 327,664 gross square feet. The three laboratory research buildings represent over 70% of the total area and have an average age of 59 years. The newest research building in the inventory was constructed over 50 years ago. The average age of the entire inventory (prorated by area) is 51 years. The buildings are highly utilized with an Asset Utilization Index (AUI) of 0.981. The buildings have been well maintained over their lifetimes and are currently in good condition as indicated by an Asset Condition Index (ACI) of 0.981. However, the research buildings were designed and built for the research needs and activities of the 1950’s. As such, even though they are in good condition, they do not provide the effective and efficient infrastructure needed to support current and future research activities at the cutting edge of materials research. There are also two other real property assets defined in the Facility Information Management System (FIMS), an electrical switch pit and parking lot. Staffing includes 750 people who work at the Ames Laboratory as staff, students, or associates. Being located on the University campus, allows the Laboratory to take full advantage of the infrastructure services provided by ISU, such as steam, chilled water, water and sewage service, compressed air, grounds maintenance, telecommunication systems, and roads without the need for Federal investment to construct, maintain, or recapitalize. The availability of these services allows the Laboratory to focus on maintaining and operating its research and support buildings. The relationship with ISU also enables the Laboratory to use space in University-owned buildings through a space usage agreement without investing in permanent space or long-term leases. The Laboratory currently occupies 39,531 nusf of university space but, only pays for 23,820 nusf due to the allocation of the space for DOE research. The balance of the time spent in those spaces is for university related activities such as teaching or non-DOE research. However, a concern is Iowa State University’s enrollment has increased 20% over two years from 25,000 to 31,000 and the administration has announced plans to hire 300 new faculty. The Laboratory continues to work with the University on the availability of space in University buildings to accommodate future growth. No real estate actions were carried out in FY 2012. In FY 2013, AMES plans to modify the land lease between DOE and ISU to accommodate building the Sensitive Instrument Facility at the university’s Applied Science Complex site. The Ames Laboratory is dedicated to providing facilities and infrastructure that will effectively support its mission now and into the future. AMES strives to be an effective steward of the DOE assets entrusted to it by managing them with a long-term view that is quality driven and is commensurate with the value and mission impact of the asset; look at the life cycle of the assets; and utilize best industry practices. This management links real property asset planning, programming, budgeting, and evaluation to program mission projections and performance outcomes. Resources are directed to facilities and infrastructure in the context of the overall needs and operation of the Laboratory to carry out its mission. A peer review of the Mission Readiness Process was performed in July 2011, by a team representing SC Laboratories and industry. The Peer Review Objectives and Lines of Inquiry provided a thorough assessment of the planning process and its integration with the mission of the Lab. The review team presented a very favorable assessment of the Ames Laboratory Mission Readiness process. The executive summary stated, “The Ames Laboratory demonstrated a clear commitment to the Mission Readiness tenets; the processes and work products offered as part of this review demonstrated implementation. The dedication of the Ames Laboratory staff was evident from both the scientific and the support organizations of the Laboratory. It is apparent that all involved fully understand the importance of facilities and infrastructure to support the core missions.” The Mission Readiness tables (Appendix 2) provide a summary of the condition of the facilities from a mission readiness point of view, now and into the future. These tables list the core capabilities and the investments required to make the facilities and infrastructure meet the mission needs within the 10-year planning window. In accordance with the definitions from the Mission Readiness Model, the Technical Facilities and Infrastructure, i.e. the research buildings, are currently considered “Partial.” This means that deficiencies require minor resources (work-arounds) to ensure achievement of mission investments to return to mission ready, and if capital, are within FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 8 the GPP limit. The Technical Facilities and Infrastructure can be upgraded to be fully capable through projects that fit within the GPP limit of $10M per project. AMES is unable to pursue those projects without special GPP allocations because the historic level of annual GPP funding is not sufficient (normally $0.6M/year, $0.2M in FY 2012). While projects up to $10M in size can allow AMES to improve our research capabilities, a line-item project may be a more efficient and effective way to improve capabilities and capacity. Support Facilities and Infrastructure are all rated as capable. The completion of the Spedding Hall auditorium remodeling improved the Conference and Collaboration Space category from Partial to Capable. Major projects that are included in the Lab’s improvement plan are as follows: • Sensitive Instrument Facility – The Office of Science has allocated partial funding ($5.5M) for constructing the SIF using GPP funds. This project is targeted to meet specific mission-critical needs identified through the mission readiness process in dealing with the operations of certain sensitive equipment. Total estimated cost for the SIF is $9.9M. • Scientific Computing Building – This project is targeted to be funded under the SLI program. This building will be designed to consolidate computational specialists and related resources into one facility freeing up space in existing research Lab space. Total estimated cost for the SCB is $25M. • Infrastructure Improvements – Efforts at AMES are supported by an annual GPP allocation from the Office of Science typically $0.6M. GPP funding is needed to upgrade the capabilities of our existing research buildings and support facilities to achieve mission readiness. • Maintenance Projects – These projects are charged to indirect funding. Maintenance focuses on the everyday needs of the facilities to keep them operational including utilities, repairs, and minor updates. These projects are described in greater detail in the next section. The strategy of utilizing GPP, SLI, and overhead funded projects to address specific mission needs will be effective at the Ames Laboratory, particularly for very focused needs. The level of GPP funding has limited management’s ability to improve mission readiness in the research buildings. When the Mission Readiness process and the SLI programs were developed the rule of thumb used for facility investments was 2% of replacement plant value (RPV) for maintenance funded from overhead and 2% of RPV for improvements funded as capital projects (GPP). This would equate to $1.6M for each in FY 2014. The Lab’s investment in maintenance has tracked this metric closely but the investment in capital improvements has fallen far short at $0.6M normally and $0.2M in FY 2012. This insufficient funding level for GPP has multiple impacts on the AMES facilities. Repairing aged building systems rather than updating them does not equip the building for the needs of modern day science. System components begin to fail at a faster pace requiring a greater investment in maintenance putting a greater strain on the science mission. Deferred maintenance increases as facility investments fall short of the metric. Most important is that building controls needed for today’s science are not implemented leaving our buildings with 50-60 year old control systems. With Office of Science-Basic Energy Sciences (BES) leadership, the Laboratory would like to formulate a viable plan for the funding needed to support the DOE-SC vision of improving all laboratories to enable research in the 21st century and beyond. More general capital improvement projects are also incorporated into the Mission Readiness tables in Appendix 2. These projects address more general needs in utility systems, security infrastructure (access control), safety, energy conservation, and facility modernization. The general GPP program is described in greater detail in the next section also. Strategic Site Investments. The Ames Laboratory embraced the Office of Science SLI Infrastructure Modernization Initiative that has the goal of the SC laboratories operating thoroughly modernized complexes by the end of the ten-year period (FY 2010 - FY 2020). The modernized facilities will encompass the following characteristics: • Safe, Secure, and Environmentally Sound Infrastructure • A Highly Productive Working Environment • Efficient Operations and Maintenance As part of this effort, AMES developed a modernization strategy. The 2011 and 2012 Laboratory Plans proposed GPP-scale projects to address what AMES sees as its highest priority needs for consideration by DOE's Office of FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 9 Science. As a result, partial funding has been received for the Sensitive Instrument Facility. This project is currently in the Final Design phase and will proceed to construction when the balance of the funding is obtained. The following plan continues with that approach with a smaller line item project for a Scientific Computing Building requesting funding from the SLI program. This project will leverage this investment by allowing the laboratory to vacate space in existing laboratory buildings and repurpose it for research activities that require the higher level of support utilities. Utilized space in University-owned buildings will also be vacated. We request feedback on the relative merits of these requests. • Sensitive Instrument Facility. The Sensitive Instrument Facility (SIF) is a stand-alone GPP project that incorporates site-specific vibration-isolation technology and design. The SIF will provide specialized space for current and anticipated state-of-the-art instrumentation such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopes and scanning probe microscopes. Current space within the Ames Laboratory is marginally adequate for instruments presently in use and is unacceptable for today’s state-of-the-art instruments. The project will address this critical gap as identified in our mission readiness process. This project will build a facility with six instrument bays, wet and dry sample preparation labs, control rooms, and staff support space. The electron microscope bays will provide vibration isolation, acoustic separation and control, electromagnetic interference (EMI) control, tight control of air flow, and strict ambient temperature and humidity control. The SIF design is organized to optimize the site and program elements. In a compact, space efficient envelope, the building is planned to be approximately 12,600 gross square feet. Total cost is estimated at $9.9M. Progress to Date: • Initial GPP funds of $5.5M have been received to begin the project. To avoid cost associated with phasing this project, construction will begin when all the funds needed for construction are received. • A site evaluation was performed by a consulting firm assessing five potential sites with respect to • • • • architectural considerations, vibration and electromagnetic interference, and a site has been selected. Procurement of the architect/engineer services for the design of the facility was completed. The project management plan is complete and describes how the project will be executed to stay within the parameters of available funding (anticipated to be $9.9M) and under the hard GPP limit of $10M. The design team has completed the programming, schematic design, and preliminary design phases. The final design is in progress. Funding Risk: The architect/engineer team has designed a building costing under $10M that would meet the needs of our research program. There is concern that delays in funding will prevent us from completing this project as designed. With the economy improving building costs will certainly inflate and the longer the delay in funding the greater the impact to the project cost. • Scientific Computing Building. This project builds a dedicated scientific computing building that will house many of the research and support staff whose efforts center around computing and provides for the current and future computing facility needs of the Laboratory. With our efforts to support the President’s Materials Genome Initiative, and our computationally based initiatives that look for ways to reduce the time needed to develop new materials, the role of computation continues to grow at the Laboratory. The building supports the AMES’ computational and theoretical research and support staffs to enhance the flow of ideas that comes from working in centralized space. We will dedicate a portion of the building to housing high performance computers, to address our expanding computer needs, reduce energy consumption, improve heat management, consolidate cluster management, and free up usable lab space currently housing computers in space that was not designed as a machine room. The current computational facilities, developed due to critical need without having critical infrastructure, are filled to capacity and scattered throughout our facilities in space originally designed for bench science. They lack the full complement of features that are part of modern computing centers, such as raised floors, redundant systems, or energy efficient components. Without the project, new computers will have to be installed in laboratory buildings not designed for computing. Converting existing laboratory space FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 10 to house new computers cannot be done efficiently. It fragments the computing and networking resources, it over-taxes utility capacity, it does not allow for energy efficient features such as heat recovery, it’s inefficient to manage, and diverts valuable laboratory space away from its designed function. Having multiple computer rooms scattered throughout the facilities requires an excess of UPS and HVAC infrastructure because spare capacity and redundancy have to be built into each location. SC leadership encouraged AMES to propose an SLI project of $20M to $25M in line for funding in FY 2015. After reviewing the facility needs of the Laboratory and the gaps in resources, Contractor and Laboratory leadership determined the next highest priority would be a facility to house the scientific and operational computing. The project would fund a multistory building of approximately 40,000 g.s.f. that would greatly enhance the research capabilities of the Laboratory. Co-locating research and Information Systems personnel in the facility will facilitate coordination of data processing resources and management. Housing research personnel and support staff in the facility would have additional benefits: vacate laboratory space that has the full utility distribution and fume hood systems needed for experimental research; allow the Laboratory to reduce the amount of ISU space that is used under the space utilization agreement; reduce overcrowding in the Information Systems area; and free up space for expanding scientific and administrative staff needs in existing buildings. Consolidating the Lab’s various machine rooms and incorporating them in a dedicated facility will have energy conservation/sustainability benefits. It will be a LEED Gold building. The facility will have greater opportunity for utilizing waste heat from the machine room. Energy conserving features of the new building will allow the machine room to operate at a Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) approaching 1.1. Current machine rooms operate at a PUE of 1.7 to over 2.0. In particular, the project would have direct impact on the Lab’s initiatives and core capabilities. The existing core capabilities and the science strategy for the future continue to demand greater computational resources. As ISU continues to develop the campus, there is greater pressure on suitable building sites for the growth of the Laboratory. The multistory building meets the ISU standards for higher density construction and would allow it to be sited adjacent to existing AMES research and administration facilities. • Energy Conservation. The Ames Laboratory was unable to utilize funding for energy savings projects through an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) due to beryllium contamination discovered in the three research buildings. The ESPC partner had identified projects that would generate savings of 15% in energy consumption and 16% of water consumption. The projects included stack lining, lighting upgrades, and low-flow water fixtures. Though the ESPC was discontinued, AMES is using overhead and GPP funds to complete the conservation projects. The Lab has completed the stack lining project and is working on the lighting and water projects. • General Capital Improvements. Historically, our GPP funding level has been relatively constant at approximately $0.6M per year, which is less than 1% of our replacement plant value. FY 2012 GPP was initially funded at $0.6M, but was cut back to $0.2M during the second quarter of the year. FY 2013 GPP funding of $0.6M has been approved. The limited GPP funding often necessitates doing projects in phases over several years. Planning and managing these projects is further complicated when funds are cut back during the year. A heating, ventilating, & air conditioning (HVAC) upgrade project in Spedding Hall is currently in progress with existing GPP funding. This project will upgrade the existing systems of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and makeup air controls in Spedding Hall to improve the safety, reliability, energy efficiency, and flexibility of the systems. The existing system has been in service for nearly 50 years and cannot provide the level of control, air balance, reliability, and safety monitoring that is beneficial for laboratory activities. The total cost of the project is approximately $3.2M, which is well under the statutory limit for GPP projects. But because the size of the project is much greater than the annual GPP funding level, it had to be defined in phases over several years using GPP funds that now stretch into FY 2014. Once the HVAC upgrade project is completed, GPP funding will be directed to other projects as defined by our planning process. Projects will include renovations for mission readiness; upgrade electrical service, Metals Development building; upgrade HVAC system, Metals Development building; energy conservation projects; upgrade access control system; upgrade Spedding Hall windows; upgrade electrical distribution, Spedding Hall; and upgrade of handicapped FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 11 access. The renovations will systematically take out-of-date research space out of service and completely refurbish it to modern standards. Unused and underutilized space will be reclaimed and modernized. This will provide the resources to restructure and reorganize space utilization to improve the work environment for research operations and will consolidate research programs for more efficient operations. It will also create the space needed to house new planned initiatives. In order to meet DOE’s general guidelines for recapitalization at 2% RPV, GPP would be $1.6M in FY 2014. Annual funding at this level would enable AMES to do a better job of modernizing existing facilities to serve the research effort. The complete list of the GPP funding plan will be included in the Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure (IFI) Budget Crosscut. • Maintenance. The maintenance program consists of maintenance and repair activities necessary to keep the existing inventory of facilities in good working order and extend their service lives. It includes regularly scheduled maintenance, corrective repairs, and periodic replacement of components over the service life of the facility as well as the facility management, engineering, documentation, and oversight required to carry out these functions. The facilities were well built and the condition of the research buildings has been maintained even as they age into the later stages of service life. AMES anticipates that we will need to continue to operate in these buildings over the 10 year window of this plan. To date, the level of maintenance resources has been able to control deferred maintenance in the buildings. However, looking forward, the combination of limited capital improvement resources and aging facilities will place a greater demand on maintenance resources. Just maintaining the condition of a facility does not ensure that it will continue to meet the needs of research activities. We anticipate that maintenance expenditures will need to increase more than escalation to maintain and update the facilities and replace aging components. For this reason we have increased our planning level for maintenance to exceed 2% RPV to $1.7M in FY 2014. • Current and Planned Excess Facilities. There are currently no excess facilities at the Ames Laboratory and none are planned. Trends and Metrics. Performance measures are utilized to link facility and infrastructure performance to outputs and outcomes. Broad-based measures are used so that a small sample of key results can provide a high level, integrated grasp of the stewardship of DOE assets at the Ames Laboratory. The DOE corporate-wide measures defined in the Real Property Asset Management Order are the Asset Condition Index and the Asset Utilization Index. These values are reported directly in the DOE Facility Information Management System (FIMS) as well as being incorporated in the Laboratory Performance Evaluation and Measurement Plan (PEMP). AMES continues to perform well in the measures with high values for Asset Utilization and Asset Condition that continue to improve, though it is important to note that even when old buildings are maintained in good condition, it does not guarantee that they can provide infrastructure that meets the mission needs of cutting-edge research. This observation certainly is reflected in an ACI of 0.981 but mission readiness ratings of “Partial” for Core Capabilities. The Ames Laboratory continues to improve and document our Mission Readiness process. A peer review was performed in July 2011. The Peer Review Objectives and Lines of Inquiry provided a thorough assessment of the planning process and its integration with the mission of the Lab. The review team presented a very favorable assessment and found that the Lab was meeting the four Objectives of the Mission Readiness process. This year’s mission readiness interviews with Laboratory Management, Program Directors, key researchers and Functional Managers were led by the Assistant Director for Scientific Planning, the Chief Operations Officer and the Facilities Services Manager. The input and insight obtained from these interviews was incorporated into the Laboratory infrastructure plans. The process helps Laboratory management and facilities personnel to have an excellent understanding of the facility condition and needs. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 12 Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) IGPP GPP Line Items (SLI) Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM Site-Wide ACI 2012 1.3 - 2013 1.7 - 2014 1.7 - 2015 1.7 - 2016 1.9 - 2017 1.9 - 2018 2.0 - 2019 2.3 - 2020 2.3 - 2021 2.4 - 2022 2.5 - 2023 2.5 - - 0.6 2.3 78.2 1.49 0.981 6.7 8.4 79.6 1.51 0.981 2.8 29.5 90.9 1.53 0.983 1.6 3.5 92.6 1.55 0.983 2.0 3.9 94.2 1.57 0.983 1.4 3.4 95.9 1.59 0.983 1.5 3.8 122.6 1.61 0.987 1.5 3.8 124.8 1.63 0.987 1.5 3.9 127.1 1.65 0.987 1.5 4.0 129.4 1.67 0.987 1.5 4.0 131.7 1.69 0.987 4.2 5.5 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) 1.000 0.990 0.980 0.970 0.960 0.950 0.940 0.930 0.920 0.910 0.900 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 13 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Core Capabilities Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Time Frame Now Applied Materials Science and Engineering N M P X X In 5 Years In 10 Years X X X X X Action Plan DOE Note 1 -SPH. HVAC Upgrade (GPP) -Sensitive Instrument Facility (GPP) -Scientific Computing Facility (GPP) -Renovation for CREEM (GPP) -SIF (SLI/>GPP) Note 2 -SCF (SLI/>GPP) Note 2 -CREEM (SLI/Program) SPH, HWH, MD Note 1 -SPH. HVAC Upgrade (GPP) -Sensitive Instrument Facility (GPP) -Scientific Computing Facility (GPP) -Renovation for CREEM (GPP) -SIF (SLI/>GPP) Note 2 -SCF (SLI/>GPP) Note 2 -CREEM (SLI/Program) SPH, HWH, MD SPH, HWH, MD SPH, HWH, MD SPH, HWH, MD SPH, HWH, MD Note 1 -SPH. HVAC Upgrade (GPP) - Scientific Computing Facility (GPP) SCF (SLI/>GPP) Note 2 SPH, HWH, MD X In 5 Years In 10 Years Now C X In 5 Years In 10 Years Now Chemical and Molecular Science Mission Ready Technical Facilities and Infrastructure - Assumes TYSP Implemented Facility and Key Buildings Infrastructure Laboratory Capability Gap SPH, HWH, MD SPH, HWH, MD N = Not M = Marginal P = Partial C = Capable SPH = Spedding Hall HWH = Harley Wilhelm Hall MD = Metals Development Building Note 1 The buildings are in good shape but are old and do not provide the modern infrastructure to serve current research paradigms. They cannot provide the flexibility, efficiency, environmental control, and preferred working environment that is possible with new research buildings. Specialized space is needed for increasingly sensitive instruments, such as electron microscopes. Existing space is not adequate because the vibration levels, noise levels and electromagnetic interference do not meet the installation requirements needed for the instruments to perform to their capability. The computation facilities are filled to capacity so that expansion requires creating new space or retiring existing computers to create space. Note 2 (SLI/>GPP) AMES has several projects that are needed in order to allow the facility to support the science planned for the next 10 years. The projects cost less than $10M each and would qualify for GPP funding. However, AMES’ current level of funding ($0.61M) is inadequate to fund the proposed projects in a timely manner. Another option is to consolidate the projects into one SLI project and execute them as separate milestones as funding becomes available. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 14 Support Facilities and Infrastructure - Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Work Environment User Accommodations Site Services Conference and Collaboration Space Utilities Roads & Grounds Security Infrastructure Mission Ready Current N M P C X X X X X X X Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Laboratory Services such as recreational/fitness, child care, cafeteria etc. are provided to the Ames Laboratory by Iowa State University in accordance with the operating contract. The age of the research buildings makes it difficult to provide modern energy efficient preferred office facilities. Visitor housing is available near the site by private enterprises. The size of the laboratory does not support a dedicated visitor center. Visitors are served by host personnel in existing laboratory facilities. Many site services such as fire service, emergency medical and library services are provided by offsite personnel or the contractor. On-site services such as storage and shop facilities are capable. Completion of the remodeling of the Spedding auditorium provides state of the art conference and presentation space. The facility has extensive A/V, networking, and distance learning capability. It provides great flexibility to support different types of meetings and presents an excellent image of the Laboratory to visitors and staff. Utility services are provided by the contractor, the municipality, and private enterprise. The Lab is working on projects designed to conserve energy and make the buildings more compliant with DOE’s sustainability initiatives Roads and grounds are provided and maintained by Iowa State University in accordance with the operating contract. Fifteen year old electronic access control has been upgraded to current proximity technology (FIPS 201 compliant). Coverage is being expanded on the site to begin replacing pin and tumbler locks. DOE Systematic Space Modernization (GPP) Systematic Space Modernization (GPP) Energy Conservation Projects (GPP/Indirect) Upgrade Access Control (GPP) N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 15 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 16 Argonne National Laboratory Mission and Overview Argonne National Laboratory is a multi-disciplinary science and engineering research center, where “dream teams” of world-class researchers work alongside experts from industry, academia, and other government laboratories to address vital national challenges in energy, environment, and security. Argonne leverages its Chicago-area location to speed the progress of highly promising energy technologies from laboratory to marketplace by convening top-tier research collaborations. In 2012, Argonne stood up the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Energy Innovation Hub, a national consortium of labs, universities, and industry focused on developing revolutionary, commercially viable batteries for transportation and the power grid. Argonne also hosts two Energy Frontier Research Centers — the Center for Electrical Energy Storage and the Institute for Atom-Efficient Chemical Transformations — and is a major partner in the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Institute at Northwestern University and the Center for Emergent Superconductivity at Brookhaven National Lab. The impact of Argonne’s research is enhanced by its unique suite of cutting-edge scientific facilities, which annually draw more than 5,000 users from around the globe. The Argonne Leadership Computing Facility’s newly operational Mira — a 10-petaflop IBM Blue Gene/Q high-performance computer — is one of the world’s fastest, enabling simulations and analysis of massive datasets that can yield perspectives on worldwide climate change, optimize battery performance, or model complex functions within a single human cell. The Advanced Photon Source, one of the world’s highest-energy X-ray imaging devices, provides extraordinary characterization capabilities that make it possible to study samples in situ, in real time, and under realistic conditions. The national user facilities at Argonne also include the Center for Nanoscale Materials, the Electron Microscopy Center, the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System, the Southern Great Plains and Mobile Facility II Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facilities, and the Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center. The University of Chicago has managed Argonne for the U.S. Department of Energy since the Laboratory’s founding in 1946, guiding its development into an FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Lab-at-a-Glance Location: Lemont, Illinois Type: Multi-program laboratory Contractor: UChicago Argonne LLC Responsible Site Office: Argonne Site Office Website: www.anl.gov Physical Assets:  1,500 acres and 99 buildings  4.7M sf in buildings  Replacement Plant Value: $2,250 million  56,811 sf in 10 Excess Facilities  267,000 sf in Leased Facilities Human Capital:  3,402 FTEs  163 Joint faculty  274 Postdoctoral researchers  148 Undergraduate and 664 Graduate students  5,525 Facility users  979 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): DHS, 29.3 Other DOE, 9.4 WFO, 90.7 NNSA, 78.8 ASCR, 61.7 BER, 27.6 BES, 224.8 NE, 27.1 EERE, 77.5 EM, 20.2 Other SC, 52.3 HEP, NP, 34.1 22.5 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $741.9 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $636.0 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $90.7 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 12.0% DHS Costs: $29.3 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $14.2 million 17 internationally renowned institution where more than 3,000 researchers and support staff work together to address the most pressing scientific and societal needs of our nation. Core Capabilities The DOE Office of Science (DOE/SC) has identified 12 core capabilities that distill the scientific and technological excellence that defines Argonne National Laboratory: Fundamental Sciences Applied Sciences and Engineering             Large-scale user facilities/advanced instrumentation Condensed matter physics and materials science Chemical and molecular science Applied mathematics Advanced computer science, visualization, and data Nuclear physics Particle physics Accelerator science and technology Applied materials science and engineering Chemical engineering Applied nuclear science and technology Systems engineering and integration 1. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. Argonne is a leader in the conception, design, construction, and operation of world-class scientific user facilities. In FY 2012, more than 5,400 visiting and resident researchers used these facilities to probe the most fundamental materials properties and chemical processes, advance the understanding of nuclear matter, and deliver forefront computational and networking capabilities. Argonne operates five such facilities:      Advanced Photon Source (APS) Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF) Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) Argonne Tandem-Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) Argonne’s internationally renowned user facilities support virtually the entire spectrum of DOE and federal agency S&T missions as enablers of vital research performed by both visiting and resident scientists and engineers. Funding for these facilities is provided primarily by DOE/SC-BES, -ASCR, and -NP. Some APS instrumentation is funded by the National Institutes of Health and industry, and some ATLAS instrumentation is funded by NSF. APS is a unique national source of high-energy X-rays for scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging studies of inorganic, organic, and biological materials. The pulsed nature of the X-rays allows time-resolved studies of dynamics over a wide range of time scales (from seconds to ~100 ps), while the high energies make possible experiments at extremes of pressure and temperature or in situ observations during chemical reactions. Continued enhancement of the APS is required so that this facility remains state of the art. Working closely with DOE/SC-BES, Argonne has begun a significant upgrade to the facility (the APS-Upgrade Project or APS-U) that will keep the APS among the world’s best light sources. CD-1 for the APS-U Project was awarded in September 2011, a CD-3a to start construction of the Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Beamline was awarded in August 2012, a CD-2 review was completed in December 2012, and we anticipate receiving CD-2 approval by the end of FY 2013. Looking beyond APS-U, Argonne is exploring options for a next generation hard x-ray source, to be planned in collaboration with DOE and other national laboratories. In addition, construction is under way for the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, which will support structural biology research and will be located adjacent to the APS. This project, funded by the State of Illinois, will be completed in the fall of 2013. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 18 ALCF operates Mira, an IBM Blue Gene/Q system, one of the world's largest supercomputers dedicated to open science. The facility provides petascale computing capabilities to the computational science and engineering community to run the largest and most complex scientific applications. In addition to the user base, whose investigations span all DOE interests from the basic to the applied — from fundamental materials science to energy grid optimization — the ALCF anchors a wide-ranging computational ecosystem that underpins every major research initiative at Argonne. Expertise resident to the ALCF will be critical to advancing the major technology and design challenges necessary to achieve exascale computing capabilities. CNM supports basic nanoscience research and the development of advanced instrumentation that will help generate new insights into mesoscale science, create innovative nanomaterials with unique functionality, and contribute significantly to energy-related R&D. The CNM combines advanced imaging and visualization techniques with organic, inorganic, and digital synthesis; nanofabrication capabilities; and theory and modeling. Imaging is carried out using a large suite of probe-based techniques, including an X-ray nanoprobe beamline at the APS that provides fluorescence, nanodiffraction, and transmission imaging at a spatial resolution of better than 30 nm, which is combined with scanning probe microscopy techniques. User and staff science is organized around a single crosscutting theme: energy and information transduction at the nanoscale. EMC provides state-of-the-art, chromatic-aberration-corrected electron microscopy with applications to highresolution and three-dimensional elemental imaging and is developing new capabilities for in situ environmental studies of energy processes in nanoscale materials and mesoscale systems. The EMC also supports several user-accessible instruments for high spatial resolution microanalysis, field imaging, nanoscale structural characterization, nanoscale fabrication and manipulation, and in situ studies of materials under the influence of ion-beam irradiation. ATLAS is a superconducting linear accelerator and the only DOE user facility for low-energy nuclear research. It provides heavy ions in the energy domain best suited to study the properties of the nucleus. An energy and efficiency upgrade of ATLAS is under way and scheduled for completion in 2013. In addition, a unique new capability, the CAlifornium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) to ATLAS, is now delivering science. CARIBU began its research program in 2012, first with so-called stopped rare isotopes and subsequently with reaccelerated beams. CARIBU beams are requested in roughly 50% of all proposals for experiments — underscoring users’ considerable interest in this facility. 2. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. The nation’s critical needs for technology advances in energy production, distribution, storage, and efficiency are addressed through Argonne’s core capabilities in the design, synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of nanomaterials, complex oxides, catalytic and electrocatalytic assemblies, and other advanced materials. The objective is to create, understand, and control complex materials with tailored functionality for uses in energy and environmental sustainability; and to develop cutting-edge tools, expertise, and infrastructure. This set of expertise is particularly important for advancing the critical frontier of mesoscale science, bridging the nano to the macro and harnessing the true promise of quantum and molecular engineering. This multidisciplinary capability encompasses the continuum from basic to applied research, integrating strong programs in materials, chemistry, nanoscience, and biology that leverage Argonne’s APS, CNM, EMC, and ALCF user facilities. Argonne’s expertise includes theory and modeling for materials design and insight into properties and phenomena; synthesis of new materials, including bulk crystals, bio-inspired materials, nanomaterials, films, and heterostructures; exploration of electronic, magnetic, and photonic behavior; patterning methods, including self-assembly and electron beam lithography; and characterization utilizing scanning probes, ultrafast optics, X-rays, photoemission, electrons, and neutrons, including in situ studies. Argonne’s materials focus includes superconducting and magnetic bulk, thin film, and nanoscale materials; ferroelectrics; ionic and electronic conductors; metal and metal oxide nanoparticles; bionanoparticle hybrids; nanocarbons; granular and soft matter; and catalytic materials. Argonne’s initial thrusts in mesoscale science include theory and computational modeling and in situ research aimed at understanding the evolution of mesoscale architectures in complex oxides and compound nitride semiconductors that are at the heart of solid state lighting, power electronics, fuels cell, and thermoelectric and electrocaloric applications. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 19 The APS-U will provide the greatly enhanced brilliance at hard X-ray energies necessary for real-time imaging and scattering studies of materials synthesis and processing in order to provide new materials that address DOE’s mission. Upgrades to the ALCF will enable an expanded program in computational materials design and discovery at the atomic scale, nanoscale, and mesoscale and in modeling and simulation of microstructure evolution at relevant length and time scales during the processing of advanced materials. This work is complemented by new efforts that use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a threedimensional imaging tool to improve our understanding of materials microstructure and function. Primary funding for this core capability is through DOE/SC-BES and is complemented by DOE/EERE; ARPA-E; and WFO activities sponsored by DARPA, NASA, other federal agencies, and industry. EERE, ARPA-E, and industry support helps Argonne move from discovery to applied materials science and engineering activities, particularly in the integration of materials into novel architectures. NASA funding leverages fundamental research in surface chemistry and trace element analysis for specific applications. The condensed matter physics and materials science programs are Argonne’s primary mechanism for delivering on a number of specific DOE missions, such as those to: discover and design new materials and molecular assemblies; conceptualize, simulate, and predict processes underlying physical transformations, particularly in complex materials with emergent behavior; probe, understand, and control the interaction of photons, electrons, and ions with materials; advance the scientific frontiers upon which Argonne’s user facilities are based; and feed technology programs at the Laboratory, particularly in energy storage, sustainable transportation, solar energy conversion, nuclear energy, catalysts for alternative fuels production, and accelerators. Argonne’s Energy Sciences Building (ESB), under construction with Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI) funding, will co-locate much of the Laboratory’s work in condensed matter physics and materials science, chemical and molecular science, and chemical engineering. An adjacent building, the planned Materials Design Laboratory (MDL), will enhance this consolidation and will be the primary home for discovery and use-inspired research in the areas of materials synthesis, interfacial engineering for energy applications, materials under extreme conditions, and in situ characterization and modeling. Together, these facilities will support Argonne’s development of new materials-focused programs, including the Materials for Energy initiative, which will support the “science of synthesis” efforts, and the UChicago-Argonne Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME), which is a major scientific collaboration between the two institutions and will pioneer growth of Argonne’s soft matter and quantum engineering programs. This year, the first three senior hires into IME have greatly enhanced our capabilities in the areas of soft matter and quantum engineering. 3. Chemical and Molecular Science. Argonne’s core capability in the synthesis, characterization, and control of molecules and chemical processes is focused on transforming energy production and use. Thrust areas include artificial photosynthesis; catalysis; combustion; interfacial geochemistry; heavy-element and separations chemistries; ultrafast phenomena; atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics; and the conversion and storage of energy in batteries and fuel cells. The dramatic improvements in intensity and in time resolution to be enabled by the APS-U are essential to Argonne’s in operando studies of catalysis and its in situ and real-time studies of reactions at solid-liquid interfaces and to understanding excited states in molecular energy transduction. Notably, Argonne’s catalysis programs benefit from collaborations between theoretical and computational chemists and experimentalists and have developed computational approaches for ground-breaking studies of electronic structures, as well as a unique set of in situ analytical tools for the APS that improve understanding of catalytic systems under “real-world” operating conditions. Synthesis is an essential component of most of the research activities in chemical and molecular sciences. High-throughput facilities have been developed to increase the speed of synthesizing organic molecules, inorganic chemical platforms, and mesoscale assemblies. By enabling the end-to-end automation of the synthesis, characterization, and testing of new compositions, Argonne will advance the rate at which new systems with new properties are discovered. Other research priorities include the study of photo-induced energy and electron transfer reactions in natural photosynthesis for a variety of biomimetic and synthetic systems. Studies to promote the synthesis of solar fuels are carried out on multiple spatial and temporal scales using techniques developed at Argonne, such as FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 20 ultrafast X-ray structural determination, high-field electron paramagnetic resonance, and ultrafast laser spectroscopy/microscopy imaging. Research into the fundamental chemical dynamics that underpin phenomena such as combustion benefits from strong collaborations between theoretical and computational chemists and experimentalists. Experimental facilities in this area include several unique instruments for studies of high-temperature kinetics and dynamics. New insights into combustion mechanisms are possible thanks to the design and building of a totally new type of shock tube — specifically designed to work at synchrotron light sources — that researchers will use to investigate combustion chemistry at conditions relevant to the next generation of engines. Argonne’s research in atomic and molecular sciences focuses on understanding the electronic response to ultra-intense X-ray radiation from the world’s first X-ray free electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC, and on developing high-precision, high-repetition-rate methodologies for ultrafast X-ray probes of molecular motion at the APS. Interfacial science activities leverage the unique capabilities of the APS to probe interfacial structures and reactions with elemental and chemical specificity to understand the reactions at mineral surfaces that control transport of contaminants in Earth’s near-surface environment. Housed in purpose-built radiological facilities, studies on transuranic systems aim to extend the fundamental understanding of the chemistry exhibited by these heaviest of elements. Their underlying bonding and energetics are targeted, within the context of separations relevant to nuclear energy, by using a wide range of analytics, including state-of-the-art laser spectroscopy and X-ray techniques available through the APS. Chemical, electrochemical, and molecular science are the cornerstone of Argonne’s advanced battery research programs. Furthering our basic understanding of complex solid-state and interfacial chemical interactions has resulted in breakthroughs that may ultimately enable deployment in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles. Importantly, Argonne’s battery research has successfully leveraged both the APS and advanced computational capabilities to develop new understanding of solid-state battery electrode systems, soluble electrolyte materials, and interfacial reactions that occur in advanced battery systems. Argonne’s expertise in electrochemistry and electrical energy storage provides the foundation upon which we have built the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, the Energy Innovation Hub that integrates government, academic, and industrial researchers from many disciplines to overcome critical scientific and technical barriers and create new breakthroughs in energy storage technology. Funding for Argonne’s Chemical and Molecular Science program comes from DOE/SC-BES. 4. Applied Mathematics.Argonne’s applied mathematics research focuses on optimization, partial differential equations and algebraic solvers, and automatic differentiation. Work in these areas enables scientists to accurately describe and understand the behavior of complex energy and environmental systems involving processes that span vastly different time and length scales. Argonne’s research also advances key areas of computational science and discovery through partnerships with applied programs and interagency collaborations. Motivated by the sharply increasing complexity of the nation’s energy systems and the increased variability in future energy sources, Argonne’s researchers integrate advances in optimization, linear algebra, numerical integration, discrete mathematics, and uncertainty quantification to solve problems that present simultaneous discrete, continuous, dynamical, probabilistic, and nonconvex facets. Argonne has earned international renown for devising key concepts in optimization (trust-region methods, filter methods, complementarity, and performance profiles) and for developing a number of leading toolkits, including: MINPACK, Network-Enabled Optimization Systems (NEOS), MINOTAUR (for solving mixedinteger, nonlinear optimization problems), and the Toolkit for Advanced Optimization (TAO). Work on NEOS and the filter methods won the 2003 Beale-Orchard-Hays Prize and the 2006 Lagrange Prize, respectively. TAO, the first toolkit for solving large-scale optimization problems on high-performance distributed architectures, was downloaded more than 800 times in 2012. Argonne is extending its expertise into novel areas of optimization, such as stochastic, mixed-integer nonlinear, and derivative-free optimization. The leaders of Argonne’s partial differential equations and solvers research have written influential textbooks on domain decomposition and on spectral methods and their applications to complex simulations. Argonne has also gained recognition for its superb software in this area. The Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 21 computation (PETSc), for example, is the most widely used parallel numerical software library for partial differential equations and sparse matrix computations, with more than 44,093 downloads by more than 13,111 unique users. In 2008, PETSc was identified as one of ten noteworthy breakthroughs in computational science funded by DOE/SC-ASCR; in 2009, it won an R&D100 award for the release of version 3.0; and in 2011, two of the leads of PETSc shared the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for its development. Argonne has also developed Nek5000, a leading high-order code for simulations of complex fluid flows that has scaled to more than a million processes. Algorithmic or automatic differentiation, which originated at Argonne in 1989–1992, was cited as one of the top ten developments in scientific computing for 1970–2000. Argonne’s algorithmic differentiation program is considered the best in the world, and its three major toolkits (ADIFOR, ADIC, and OpenAD) are used for sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification in climate modeling and nuclear safety analysis. Argonne develops open-source libraries for representing CAD geometry (CGM) and unstructured and structured mesh (MOAB); the MeshKit library uses CGM and MOAB and provides a suite of open-source mesh generation algorithms. Argonne’s applied mathematics research is funded by DOE/SC-ASCR and specifically supports the DOE mission for developing mathematical descriptions, models, methods, and algorithms. 5. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data. Argonne’s advanced computer science, visualization, and data core capability is built on leadership in finding new solutions to challenges surrounding extreme-scale computing; grid and cloud computing; and large-scale data storage, communication, analysis, and visualization. Application groups worldwide use Argonne-developed software on the largest supercomputers. The development of networking and collaboration tools is also enabling scientists worldwide to work together using large-scale observation, experiment, and computation facilities. Of particular note are (1) MPICH — a high-performance, portable implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard, which is used by the vast majority of scientific applications running on the largest supercomputers in the world and is an R&D100 award winner; (2) Darshan — a scalable I/O characterization tool used by the largest supercomputer centers to improve data storage efficiency and inform future designs; (3) ZeptoOS — an extreme-scale operating system for leadership-class supercomputers; and (4) Globus Online — a cloud-based data mover for large datasets. Argonne researchers develop software that enables computational science from desktop to massively parallel machines and advanced heterogeneous clusters. Much of this research software is deployed at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, one of the largest open supercomputing resources in the world, as well as at Magellan, one of the first scientific cloud computing testbeds. These two user facilities support many of the nation’s scientific and engineering applications. The software is also deployed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, and at most large supercomputers within DOE and across the world. Argonne researchers are heavily involved in developing DOE’s strategy for and solving the scientific and technical challenges enabling peta-to-exascale computing, including via our leading international partnerships with Japan and Europe. From the operating system to runtime software, I/O subsystem, visualization and workflow support, Argonne provides key technologies used by scientists worldwide. Looking to the challenges of big data, Argonne is exploring the management and analysis of the increasingly large and complex datasets produced by the advanced DOE facilities. Argonne’s advanced computer science, visualization, and data research activities are funded primarily by DOE/SC-ASCR, with additional support from other DOE/SC programs and NSF through the Argonne/University of Chicago Computation Institute and the Northwestern/Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering. Much of this funding supports the interdisciplinary research partnerships of scientists and engineers. Research teams for this core capability are located in Argonne’s Theory and Computing Sciences Building, which brings together the practitioners of a broad array of computing and computational activities. 6. Nuclear Physics. Argonne’s research in nuclear physics has a long, proven track record in addressing the DOE mission for basic research in nuclear physics, as well as the scientific goals prioritized in long-range plans published by the DOE-NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee. This research supports the DOE mission for understanding how protons and neutrons form atomic nuclei and how nuclei have emerged since FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 22 the origin of the cosmos; understanding the fundamental properties of the proton and the neutron; and better understanding the neutrino. Key to Argonne’s work in this area is ATLAS, described earlier in Section 3 along with the Laboratory’s other user facilities. Argonne staff and visiting scientists use ATLAS’s stable ion and rare isotope beams to (1) highlight aspects of nuclear structure that vary strongly with the proton-to-neutron ratio and are not readily apparent in stable nuclei, (2) investigate reactions far from stability as the basis of astrophysical processes generating the chemical elements, and (3) test nature’s fundamental symmetries. The facility is equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation such as Gammasphere (the national gamma-ray facility), HELIOS (a spectrometer for the study of reactions in inverse kinematics), ion and atom traps, and a fragment mass analyzer. A gas-filled spectrometer is in development, and design studies are under way for a higherefficiency separator for the in-flight production of radioactive beams. In FY 2014, ATLAS will host the national gamma-ray tracking array (GRETINA) for a one-year campaign in nuclear structure research. Based on a californium fission source and a gas stopper, CARIBU, a recent ATLAS upgrade, delivers beams of rare isotopes not available anywhere else in the world at energies relevant for research into nuclear structure and astrophysics topics. This new facility started its research program in 2012, first with so-called stopped rare isotopes and subsequently with reaccelerated beams. An Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) is under construction with the aim of improving the charge breeding efficiency and the beam purity from the CARIBU facility. An ARRA-funded efficiency and intensity upgrade of ATLAS is nearing completion. The new radio-frequency quadrupole was installed in October 2012 and became fully operational in January 2013, demonstrating the anticipated improvement by a factor of 2 in beam transmission. A new cryostat of resonators with world-leading accelerating fields will be installed in summer 2013. Further upgrades are planned, to provide roughly one-order-of-magnitude-higher-intensity, re-accelerated CARIBU beams and stable heavy ions over the full energy range available at ATLAS with 10–100 pµA intensities. To address high user demand for ATLAS beam time, a concept for multiuser capability is being developed in which several beams of different species and energies would be delivered at the same time. Argonne’s nuclear physics research program also strives to obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying strong force and its basis in quantum chromodynamics as it applies to protons and neutrons (addressing how quarks and gluons assemble into various forms of matter), and to the strongly coupled nuclear many-body system. As part of large collaborations, Argonne scientists design, construct, and operate instruments at JLab and Fermilab to carry out these investigations. Argonne’s nuclear physicists also are collaborating on key elements of the Michigan State University FRIB project, including on accelerator systems and detectors. Argonne nuclear physics is supported by strong theory efforts that leverage Argonne’s computer visualization and data core capabilities, and by research in accelerator S&T — particularly in superconducting radiofrequency technology and beam dynamics. Additional applications include: characterization of spent nuclear fuel for reactor design using accelerator mass spectrometry and total absorption spectrometry; new production techniques of isotopes for medicine; and radio-krypton and radio-argon dating with atom traps for geophysical, oceanography, and fundamental research. The impact of Argonne’s nuclear physics programs in other critical areas of the DOE mission is illustrated by fundamental research in atom trapping that has application in ultrasensitive trace analysis. An international workshop on tracer applications of noble gas radionuclides held in June 2012 has identified a number of important issues in geosciences that can be addressed with a dedicated dating center for krypton and argon isotopes. A collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency is working to characterize about 100 major aquifers around the world using 81Kr dating. A second example is Argonne’s leadership in low-beta superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity technology, a critical skill set that enables ATLAS to achieve state-of-the-art performance and that underpins future plans for ATLAS upgrades, as well as other nuclear physics capabilities within the DOE complex. This SRF expertise is being leveraged by APS-U as part of its development of ultrashort pulse sources and also by high-energy and particle physics for advanced accelerator concepts. The DOE/SC Office of Nuclear Physics supports this research, with some contributions from DOE/SC-HEP, and DOE/NNSA for accelerator R&D and detector development. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 23 7. Particle Physics. Argonne’s particle physics core capability supports the primary science mission of the DOE/SC-HEP office with a proven track record of making unique contributions derived from Argonne’s multidisciplinary nature. The research focus is on understanding the properties and interactions of the fundamental particles making up the universe, the symmetries underlying the fundamental forces of nature, and the constituents of matter. Argonne’s particle physics research teams are composed of theoretical and experimental physicists, engineers, computing professionals, and technicians. The teams also include staff from other Argonne disciplines, and this connection is used both to bring other expertise into particle physics and to export expertise within particle physics to other disciplines. An important aspect of the program is the development of fundamentally new technologies that will provide breakthrough platforms for future instrumentation and future accelerators. Research in accelerator science is discussed in Section 3.8. Specific activities in the various thrusts of particle physics research are detailed below. Argonne’s efforts in the area of developing new or extending existing theoretical models include Higgs production, as well as MSSM and SUSY predictions. These efforts are funded by DOE/SC-HEP and supported by joint appointments with Northwestern University and the University of Chicago. A new effort in computational cosmology has been initiated with two new hires who have already been successful in exploiting their backgrounds and connections in the disciplines of theoretical particle physics, cosmology, and high-performance computing needed for this area. This group has successfully formed a collaboration of all HEP players in this field, whose SciDAc proposal was funded in FY 2012. The group (Gordon-Bell finalists for 2012) has also initiated a strong collaboration with Argonne Leadership Computing activities. Argonne is pioneering the development of new, large-area photo-detectors with pico-second timing resolution (LAPPD — winner of an R&D 100 award for 2012); of polarization-capable bolometers for Cosmic Microwave Background experiments; and of new, cheap, fast, radiation hard optical modulators. In these efforts, connections to industry are important. With a particular focus on the LAPPD project, several Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants and one Small Technology Transfer Innovation Research (STTR) grant have been funded in FY 2013. This effort is funded by DOE/SC-HEP and is supported by joint activities with Argonne’s Materials Science Division and the University of Chicago. The development of large detector systems to study particle interactions is an area of great success for Argonne. Of note is the Laboratory’s role in the design, construction, and commissioning of the large tile calorimeter for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland that enabled the discovery of the Higgs particle in July 2012. The Laboratory has also prototyped the NOvA detector for neutrino interactions and has developed new instrumentation for astrophysics experiments, such as the transition-edge sensor array detectors that were installed in the South Pole CMB experiment. Funding for these efforts comes from DOE/SC-HEP and is supported by collaborations that extend worldwide. In developing advanced acceleration techniques for future accelerators, Argonne has taken major steps in expanding its dielectric two-beam Wakefield accelerator (DWFA) facility, with an extensive increase in floor space and in power, so that gradients of order 500–1,000 MeV/m can be achieved and multi-stage acceleration can be demonstrated. Argonne researchers are also developing a new, flexible, and novel concept for a future generation light source based on DWFA having a small footprint and capable of supporting many users. Another area of multidisciplinary research is the realization of layered superconducting RF cavities for use in many accelerators for HEP and other applications. In collaboration with Fermilab, processing of ILC SRF Nb cavities is performed in a specially designed Argonne facility. This work is supported by DOE/SCHEP, with funding from the DOD Office of Naval Research, and draws heavily on collaborations with Argonne’s Materials Science and Physics divisions and the Advanced Photon Source. To support the design and creation of software and computing infrastructure for very large data sets, Argonne has supported creation of the ATLAS events and metadata databases, and has also facilitated worldwide access to those databases. The Laboratory also led the Tier 3 development for all U.S. institutions. New effort and direction were started on FY 2013: “HPC for HEP” has successfully ported — for the first time — large parts of HEP simulation code, especially for ATLAS at the LHC to high-performance computing supported by ASCR. Work is now under way to build on this capability to enable running of the large-scale simulations needed to extract science from the LHC on platforms like Intrepid, Mira, and other world-class leadership FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 24 computing facilities. This work is funded by DOE/SC-HEP and performed in collaboration with ASCR in funding Argonne’s computer science component. Argonne’s expertise in analyzing experimental data for insights in particle physics is demonstrated through its work on MINOS analysis, CDF electroweak, and B physics analysis. Argonne HEP physicists played major roles in the analyses of ATLAS data leading up to the Higgs discovery in 2012. They have also established an ATLAS/LHC analysis center at Argonne, and one member filled the ATLAS/LHC physics coordinator position, all supported by DOE/SC-HEP. As evident above, although funding is predominantly from DOE/SC-HEP, Argonne’s high-energy physicists leverage WFO funding as well as expertise from across the Laboratory to improve instrumentation and accelerator techniques. Over the last two years, the division has expanded into an adjacent building to satisfy the need for more office, laboratory, and conference room space; and Argonne has expanded the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator building, which is critical for accommodating planned and funded research, as well as for other synergistic accelerator R&D activities, including those in superconducting RF cavities. Argonne’s computational science strategy also includes plans for addressing the frontiers in accelerator and nonaccelerator particle physics. 8. Accelerator Science and Technology. Argonne’s accelerator science and technology (S&T) research is critical to the improvement of the nation’s accelerator-driven scientific user facilities, and contributes to accelerator technology used in societal applications. The APS Upgrade described in Section 3.1, along with upgrades of Argonne facilities in high energy and nuclear physics, leverage the accelerator research activities. Argonne has notable accelerator design and development expertise that is of strategic importance to the accelerator S&T community in the United States and abroad. For accelerator-based X-rays, Argonne has significant expertise in modeling, design, and operation of both electron accelerators and free electron lasers; undulator design, fabrication, and measurement; control systems; and vacuum chamber design and construction. Codes developed at Argonne for X-ray facility design are used worldwide. Argonne is continuing development of a strong and unique R&D effort in support of X-ray optics — a critical need given the increasing number of hard X-ray sources, including the APS Upgrade. Furthermore, the APS has, within its existing organization, a strong accelerator R&D capability. For high-energy physics, Argonne plays a significant R&D role in linear collider challenges and is exploring application of advanced concepts to hard X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs). The Argonne Advanced Wakefield Accelerator is the only facility in the world where two-beam acceleration techniques and dielectrically loaded structures (a promising concept for linear colliders and X-FELs) are being developed. Nuclear physics applications include creating, accelerating, and manipulating beams of rare isotopes and developing high-performance, low-velocity superconducting accelerating structures. End-to-end simulations for hadrons and heavy ions are carried out with new codes that take advantage of the Laboratory’s ALCF and will be further enabled by its upgrades. Argonne is a U.S. leader in the processing of superconducting radio-frequency cavities by techniques developed for ATLAS and its upgrades. There is considerable interest, in the United States and abroad, in applications of this technology to high-current hadron linear accelerators with energies in the MeV–GeV range, including the FRIB at Michigan State University. In addition to continuing the activities noted above, Argonne’s goal is to further leverage unique Laboratory strengths to address accelerator S&T challenges. This goal has led Argonne to (1) concentrate on “cavity”based accelerating structures; (2) use materials science and other expertise at Argonne to understand surface phenomena that currently limit performance; (3) improve surfaces by both standard surface treatments and new materials synthesis technologies, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD); (4) explore new techniques for cavity construction combining ALD and X-ray lithography; and (5) explore the technological challenges associated with the acceleration and manipulation of very-high–intensity, high-power beams. These activities are possible because of Argonne’s interdisciplinary culture and its materials and chemical science expertise. Examples include the application of Wakefield Accelerator developments to photon science needs for an FEL driver and the work performed on accelerator-driven systems for the transmutation of spent nuclear fuel. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 25 Argonne, along with Fermilab, has developed a seminal program for introducing undergraduates to accelerator S&T to help meet the overall needs of the DOE/SC community and ensure development of the nation’s future accelerator scientists. Funding for this core capability comes primarily from DOE/SC program offices that use accelerators for research, namely BES, HEP, and NP. DOD and international laboratories also provide some funding. Future plans are being evaluated for other synergistic accelerator R&D activities, including those in assembly and testing of superconducting RF cavities. 9. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. Argonne’s expertise in the development, synthesis, application, and engineering of scalable production technology for materials provides the foundation for advances in next-generation technologies for energy production, storage, distribution, and use. This capability draws on expertise from multiple divisions, including discovery synthesis in the Materials Sciences, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Nanoscale Materials; characterization at the Advanced Photon Source; modeling and simulations at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility; and process engineering and scale-up in the Energy Systems Division. Argonne’s applied materials science and engineering program fosters the integration of basic materials research with DOE-EERE technology programs in areas such as electrical energy storage, solar energy conversion, solid state lighting, catalysis, biofuels, wide bandgap semiconductors, advanced manufacturing for traditional and emerging industries and other applications to improve energy efficiency. The APS-Upgrade will provide new capabilities for real-time interrogation of scalable process technologies and thus shorten the time to deployment of novel, efficient materials production approaches. Achieving cost and performance goals in traditional and transformational energy technologies requires innovations in both new materials as well as scalable processes for the production and application of those materials. For example, Argonne is developing superhard nanocomposite diamond and diamond-like carbon coatings to provide low friction and increased wear resistance for automotive drivetrain applications and wind turbine gearbox components, using modified plasma coating technology for volume production. Argonne’s diverse program in atomic layer deposition includes extending this technology to applications ranging from high-performance catalysts for the chemical industry to more efficient solar cells and solid-state lighting based on abundant materials, such as TiO2, ZnO, and Cu2S. Argonne bridges the gap between research and commercialization by advancing the necessary process engineering research to help ensure that these materials and processes for coating large-area planar substrates, as well as micro- and nanoparticles, can be deployed cost effectively. Argonne’s applied materials science and engineering capabilities also include development of new materials for energy storage technologies, particularly advanced batteries and ultracapacitors focused on transportation applications, and organic and inorganic membrane materials and systems for gas- and liquid-phase separation for applications such as hydrogen production, carbon dioxide separation, and biofuels processing. Argonne completed the construction of its new Materials Engineering Research Facility (a 10,000-ft2 facility) in FY 2012. This state-of-the-art facility provides the capability to conduct process R&D for the development of “production ready” process technology for advanced materials. Argonne is also advancing a nanomanufacturing capability with the objective of developing the engineering capability necessary to transition nanomaterials to commercial processes for applications including nanocatalysts, thermal nanofluids, nanolubricants, solar cells, flat-panel displays, and large-area detectors, and RF cavities for particle accelerators. Whereas DOE/SC-BES funds development of basic materials, funding for Argonne’s applied materials science and engineering research is primarily provided by DOE/EERE program offices, including the Advanced Manufacturing Office, the Vehicle Technologies Program, the Biomass Program, the Fuel Cell Technologies Program, and the Solar and Wind Programs. DOE funding is often complemented by costshared funding from industry to enable a transition of research to sustainable domestic manufacturing capability for advanced energy technologies. 10. Chemical Engineering. Chemical engineering research at Argonne is at the forefront of solving the nation’s energy and security challenges, by both receiving and informing our basic energy research and demonstrating transformational technologies for electrochemical energy storage, nuclear energy, nonproliferation, and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 26 radiological forensics. Argonne’s advanced battery program has been a hub of activity supporting an integrated innovation pipeline since the late 1960s and is responsible for a large portfolio of intellectual property. Argonne research programs are expanding technologies in advanced battery chemistries for demonstration in internally fabricated and sealed cells with comprehensive post-test diagnostics. A key component of the Argonne battery research program is a state-of-the-art dry room, which enables research on commercial-grade cells both to validate performance and understand transformations during use. The Battery Post-Test Facility allows scientists to analyze battery components after use to identify the exact mechanisms that limit the life of battery cells. This facility is one of the few in the world capable of conducting this post-mortem research on battery cells. Combined with Argonne’s Applied Materials Science and Engineering capabilities described above, the coupling of basic materials R&D with the ability to scale materials to a pre-pilot level, incorporate the materials in commercial-grade cells, run them through a battery of tests, and then analyze the materials down to the molecular scale is unique in the DOE complex. This set of engineering capabilities is intended to be accessible to external organizations; that is, non-Argonne programs developing battery materials and chemistries can leverage these capabilities, further enhancing U.S. competitiveness in the area of advanced battery development and manufacturing. A crosscutting effort at the Laboratory is developing advanced membranes, electrodes, and electrocatalysts that reduce the cost and improve the durability of fuel cells based on both solid oxide and polymer electrolyte membrane technologies. Researchers in the Argonne Chemical Engineering program also continue to pioneer separations chemistry for nuclear fuel processing and have become increasingly active in advancing the security of nuclear processing and the capability for responding to a radiological dispersal event. Argonne is a leader in the development of methods for medical isotope separation (e.g., Mo-99), is exploring alternative methods for isotope production, and is participating in the conversion of foreign and domestic test reactors from HEU to LEU fuel. In addition, Argonne is leveraging its electron linac accelerator expertise and isotope separations technologies to develop processes to generate research samples of Cu-67. A stable, economical supply of Cu-67 has not been established, thereby hampering progress in using this isotope as an effective radioimmunotherapy reagent. One promising application of Cu-67 is in the treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Funding for these programs is provided by DOE/EERE programs in Vehicle Technologies, Fuel Cells, Solar Energy, and Biomass; DOE Nuclear Energy; and the NNSA, DOD, and DHS. Collectively, these research activities support agency missions in isotope production, next-generation nuclear energy technologies, safeguards by design, energy storage, vehicle technologies, energy systems optimization, nonproliferation, and chemical defense. 11. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. With extensive experience in nuclear reactor and fuel cycle R&D, Argonne is a technical leader in advancing nuclear energy as an affordable, safe, and environmentally clean energy source. Argonne’s nuclear science and technology expertise also positions it to support key national objectives related to managing used nuclear fuel; securing the disposition of fissile materials and nuclear waste; and controlling safety, proliferation, and nuclear materials security risks as the use of nuclear energy expands around the world. Argonne’s scientific user facilities, particularly the APS and EMC, provide unique capabilities for in situ characterization of nuclear energy materials and processes. The ALCF is a major resource for high-fidelity simulation of nuclear energy systems. Radiological laboratories at Argonne enable materials research and analytical chemistry on a range of activated materials and radioisotopes in various matrices. Engineering development laboratories enable detailed studies of nuclear reactor components under prototypic conditions through the engineering scale. Coupled with Argonne’s world-class expertise in nuclear engineering, materials science, and separations science, these facilities are major national assets for obtaining improved understanding of the operating behavior of nuclear reactors and fuel-cycle systems. Argonne is well positioned to make essential contributions to DOE/NE programs aimed at sustaining the safe operation of existing light water reactors; addressing the challenges of used nuclear fuel and nuclear materials management; and advancing the design, licensing, and construction of new reactors such as small modular FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 27 reactors. This expertise also uniquely positions Argonne to (1) lead the assessment and conceptual development of innovative reactors operating with a variety of neutron energy spectra, coolant types, and fuel-cycle schemes; (2) partner with industry in developing and commercializing innovative nuclear systems; and (3) support U.S. engagement of other nations in cooperative research and assessments aimed at advancing the safety and security of nuclear energy systems worldwide. Capabilities to examine and characterize irradiated fuels and materials under diverse service conditions are essential for confirming reactor safety. These capabilities support the NRC by enhancing the technical basis for its regulation of existing plants’ operations and of industry initiatives to optimize power generation, increase fuel burnup, and extend plant lifetime. Argonne’s capabilities in applied nuclear S&T are also applied to critical national security and nonproliferation needs, including the conversion of research reactors to low-enrichment fuels, nuclear materials management, safeguards, technology export control, risk and vulnerability assessments, and modern information systems. These efforts are vital for the national security and nonproliferation missions of the NNSA and other federal agencies. Sensor and detector development expertise at Argonne also supports national programs in border, cargo, and transportation security, as well as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incident mitigation and management. Examples include millimeter wave technologies for remote detection and sensors and forensics to identify sources of nuclear and biological materials. These capabilities support DHS, as well as the needs of the NNSA and several agencies of the DOD, including DIA and DTRA. 12. Systems Engineering and Integration. Moving a robust, mission-driven research program toward commercial deployment requires a strong applied R&D program that focuses on the demonstration and deployment of critical energy technologies. Argonne’s capstone R&D programs are supported by crosscutting systems engineering and integration research that supports an integrated systems approach to technology development. Argonne’s staff conducts research from basic science through engineering to system deployment, often with multidisciplinary research teams that include physical and biological scientists, engineers, computational scientists, social scientists, and decision analysts. In addition, Argonne maintains a unique set of facilities that support integrated systems research, such as (1) the APS, used to study the physics and chemistry of combustion in automotive engines; (2) high-performance computers, used to model engine function and performance; and (3) the Center for Transportation Research (CTR), which conducts experimental research on vehicle systems and life cycle analyses. Argonne’s agent-based modeling capability, a cross-cutting computational technology that has been used to address many problem domains related to energy systems analysis and national security, is world renowned for helping to solve some of the great challenges in electric power system behavior, market acceptance of advanced technology, and homeland security system operation. Funding for Argonne’s systems engineering and integration research comes from many DOE sources, including DOE/SC-BER, -BES, and -ASCR (e.g., for basic research on climate change, advanced materials, and high-performance computing, respectively); DOE/NE’s Generation IV, fuel cycle R&D, and international programs (e.g., for research on the nuclear fuel cycle); DOE/EERE’s biomass, geothermal, hydrogen, vehicle, wind and hydropower, and industrial and building technologies programs (e.g., for research on transportation technologies, such as electrification, as well as wind and hydropower); DOE/OE’s advanced grid modeling program (e.g., for research on power grid computing and electrical transmission planning); and DOE/OPIA (e.g., for research on the rare earth elements supply chain). Argonne’s work in this area is also supported by multiple WFO sources, including the DHS Science and Technology Directorate, its National Protection and Programs Directorate, and FEMA (e.g., for research on critical infrastructure protection, command-and-control systems for responding to weapons of mass destruction, and emergency preparedness for catastrophic events); DOD’s Army, Navy, Air Force, DIA, DTRA, Joint Staff, and USTRANSCOM (e.g., for logistics planning, life cycle systems analysis, and information technology); and private entities such as GE Healthcare (e.g., for forecasting a population’s future healthcare and healthcare infrastructure requirements). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 28 Many of the products of this research have been operationally deployed by the supporting agencies both for their own use and for commercial applications. This work supports the mission of integrating research work across multiple DOE, DHS, and DOD organizations to advance their contributions to energy, environmental, and national security missions. Science Strategy for the Future Argonne’s vision is to deliver innovative basic and applied research leveraging the laboratory’s worldclass facilities to solve grand challenges in basic science, energy, environment, and security. The Laboratory continues to pursue a series of major initiatives that ensure the continued development and upgrade of its world-leading facilities, as well as producing transformative, high-impact science and technology for both discovery and the developing of next-generation energy and security technologies. The DOE National Laboratory complex is charged by DOE in its strategic plan to help maintain a vibrant U.S. effort in science and engineering, with a focus on transforming energy systems that position the United States to be a leader in developing clean energy technologies. Argonne’s major initiatives may be grouped into three integrated research areas that support the common vision: discovery science, energy innovation, and enabling science and technology. Argonne’s discovery science initiatives focus on extending the knowledge base of the natural world in fundamental physics, materials for energy applications, computer science and math, and biological and environmental systems. Innovation in energy technologies is driven by initiatives in electrical energy storage, sustainable transportation, and nuclear energy. Many of these research activities rely on modern tools and facilities, for which Argonne supports major initiatives in hard X-ray science — including upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source — and in computing and computational science research that leverages the newly operational Mira, IBM’s next-generation Blue Gene/Q supercomputer. None of Argonne’s research portfolio would exist without a strong supporting staff and 21st century facilities. The Laboratory’s Argonne NEXT initiative will coalesce efforts for both the physical and virtual environments that enable an engaged community to competitively perform world-class research. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. Argonne National Laboratory is a 1,500-acre, federally owned site in DuPage County, Illinois, and is overseen by the DOE/SC. The site is located about 25 miles southwest of Chicago and accommodates approximately 4,700 persons (including DOE employees, contractors, facility users, and guests). The Laboratory is surrounded by Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve, a 2,470-acre greenbelt. The Argonne site includes 99 buildings having 4.7 million total square feet (or gross square feet [GSF]) of floor space. The site also includes New Brunswick Laboratory, a DOE-operated facility, as well as the University of Chicagooperated Howard T. Ricketts Regional Biocontainment Laboratory. In addition, roughly 267,000 ft2 of space is leased, approximately 240,000 ft2 of which — Building 240, the Theory and Computing Sciences (TCS) facility — is located adjacent to the main entrance to the site. As shown in Table 2, the replacement value of existing facilities and other structures at Argonne is estimated to exceed $2.32 billion. The average age of the facilities is 39.7 years, with more than 64% of the facilities more than 40 years old. Argonne facilities are roughly 97% occupied. The asset utilization index (AUI) values related to use-specific measures exceed the DOE goals for the laboratory, warehouse, and housing use types. The current overall asset condition index (ACI) is 0.954 (“good”). The ACI for buildings is 0.943 (“adequate”). The ACI for other infrastructure, including site utilities (electrical power, water, sewers, and steam) and civil infrastructure (roads, parking, and walks), is 0.98 (“good”). The ACI is based on identified deferred maintenance as it relates to the estimated plant replacement value. The current Land Use Plan has been provided to DOE/ASO. There are no real estate actions, including new (or renewal) leases of 10,000 ft2 or more or disposals of DOE land via leasing, sale, or gift, planned for FY 2013 or FY 2014. The Land Use Plan may be accessed via the Argonne Intranet. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 29 Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $2,322,354,859 $487,364,578 $2,809,719, 437 $128,655,632 1,508.32 574.11 0.945 # Building Assets 48 39 11 9 14 44 0 9 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 0 51 0 27 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 # GSF (Bldg) 3,679,434 827,742 72,619 493,535 227,252 3,272,261 0 170,886 0.948 Mission Critical Asset Condition 0.906 Mission Dependent Index (B, S, T) 1 0.994 Not Mission Dependent 90.29 Office 92.69 Warehouse Asset 95.91 Utilization Laboratory Index (B, T) 2, 3 Hospital 0 100 Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. # GSF (Trailer) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. Argonne’s ongoing challenge is to revitalize and reshape its existing facilities and infrastructure to meet the current and emerging needs of scientific missions. This challenge includes ensuring compliance with standards of environmental performance and safety and eliminating legacy waste and obsolete facilities, while optimizing operating and maintenance costs. The Argonne physical site has few constraints to expanding the Laboratory’s role in 21st century research beyond the need for modern, flexible, multi-program research facilities and the elimination of outdated and legacy buildings. These actions are crucial to allowing the Laboratory to meet the functional and economic performance requirements associated with evolving programmatic needs and emerging technologies. Argonne’s mission is executed through twelve core capabilities and eight major initiatives with broad support from a professional operations staff. Charts 1a–1j and Chart 2 at the end of this section (i.e., the information provided for the mission-ready templates) provide an overview of the condition evaluation of the existing facilities and infrastructure in the context of the core capabilities; the charts also identify the associated investments and actions needed to ensure mission readiness. For brevity, only larger investments are discussed. Strategic Site Investments. Argonne has developed a structured site modernization plan to provide a productive, safe, secure, and environmentally sound workplace that will efficiently and effectively support its core capabilities. Needs identified in the plan were prioritized, with the timing and sequencing of actions chosen to optimize the benefits and leverage the resources available for execution. The investments in the near term (i.e., within the next five years) are discussed by program or funding type. The pre-conceptual locations of the recommended actions are summarized in the map attached in Appendix 2 and entitled “Projected 10-Year Status, FY 2013 Annual Laboratory Plan.” Argonne’s modernization program has evolved through a combination of laboratory strategic planning and mission readiness review. The modernization projects will replace or rehabilitate aging and inadequate facilities and infrastructure, which severely constrain the ability to deliver much-needed innovative research and technologies. Argonne requires significant recapitalization to replace many of the original multi-program scientific facilities and thus to ensure the continued readiness of the facilities and infrastructure to support the core capabilities. The 10to 15-year planning horizon includes initiation of four major DOE Office of Science (SLI)-funded buildings, plus related infrastructure rehabilitation, that will enable Argonne to move forward with the disposal of the most seriously outmoded and ineffective buildings in the 200 Area. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 30 Argonne has successfully partnered with the State of Illinois to realize its goals of building facilities focused on specific business lines, including the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF). The site modernization plan relies on DOE/EM funding for disposition of the buildings replaced by the DOE SLI projects (and other contaminated facilities) to avoid the continued high costs of operations and eliminate the deferred-maintenance backlogs associated with very limited operational lives. Where conventional funding sources are unavailable, Argonne will continue its active pursuit of innovative approaches to acquiring timely and adequate resources that will help ensure the Laboratory’s ability to meet its facility-related mission needs. • SLI Modernization Initiative. In response to the DOE SLI Modernization Initiative, Argonne developed a proposed package of line-item projects that were specifically timed and scoped to optimize the rehabilitation or replacement of programmatic facilities and the upgrade of the associated infrastructure. The first project, ANL-001, Energy Sciences Building (ESB), received initial funding in FY 2010 and, including the MEM Wing, will be completed in FY 2014. Funding for the next project, ANL-002, Materials Design Laboratory (MDL), is now proposed for FY 2015 initiation. Initiation of ANL-003, the Bioenvironmental Sciences Building (BSB) project, has been extended to FY 2017. Funding for the two remaining SLI projects has also been delayed beyond the planning timeline to FY 2021 and FY 2023. The three initial line-item projects, which are consistent with the approach identified in the Laboratory’s Modernization Plan, establish Argonne’s path forward in the next 10 years. The first project, the 173,000 ft2 ESB (ANL-001, $95M) will co-locate and consolidate scientific efforts and eliminate excessive maintenance and operating costs associated with the most obsolete and inadequate buildings. This will open in the summer of 2013. The second project, the 90,000 to 150,000 ft2 MDL (ANL-002, $95M), will continue consolidation within the three closely associated core capabilities — Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Chemical and Molecular Science, and Chemical Engineering. The MDL will also provide the laboratory and infrastructure for the Materials for Energy major initiative detailed in Section 4, and is critical for the success of this initiative. Growing BES-sponsored projects in IME, NST, and MSD will require investment in new cleanroom space to support them. Argonne is requesting a third new project start to construct an additional new, ~140,000 ft2 building (ANL-003, $95M) to support research in sustainable energy technologies in the biology, environmental science, and renewable energy mission areas and to facilitate additional disposal of vacated, obsolete, and deteriorated 200-Area building space. A significant portion of the Laboratory’s unfunded liability cost is legacy waste. Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) and demolition comprise the remaining needs. The Laboratory’s strategy is to devote operating funds to the initial cleanout/vacating of the facilities. Ultimately, the Laboratory will seek DOE-EM funding to complete decontamination and demolition following completion of replacement facilities. Comprehensive infrastructure modifications and upgrades are needed throughout the site in support of the significant changes associated with the construction of these new replacement facilities and the retirement of (formerly key) multi-program facilities. Where feasible, the project scopes for the new facilities will incorporate key infrastructure realignments and reliability upgrades and serve projected load shifts associated with the reconfiguration of the site so that we deploy the new generation of flexible, multipurpose research buildings in the best manner possible. Infusions of Institutional General Plant Project (IGPP) funds will also be required to support this effort. Argonne’s modernization planning projects include development of a new facility (SLI 4) to facilitate the removal of the additional legacy facilities in the 200 Area and rehabilitation of Building 362 (SLI 5). These modernization projects will allow additional removals of obsolete facilities. The scopes of these projects — consistent with the Infrastructure Modernization Initiative screening and selection criteria — support the core infrastructure, benefiting the overall programmatic mission through co-location, synergy, and space optimization. Deferral of the SLI projects will result in increased total project costs because of escalation associated with the delays and the increased costs of maintenance and operation of obsolete, deteriorating facilities. These projects directly support Argonne’s core capabilities, are critical to Laboratory and DOE missions, and will enable reduction of deferred maintenance and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 31 elimination of excess space while providing a good return on investment (10–15 years). To supplement the SLI investments, the Laboratory will support pre- and post-project implementation costs from its operating funds and is pursuing DOE/EM funding for the removal of the contaminated, substandard facilities that will become surplus after these projects are implemented. • Programmatic Initiatives. Several programmatic projects are requested in support of the Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation core capability. These include build-out of the interior of Laboratory Office Module (LOM) 437, currently under way; construction of a new laboratory and office building to accommodate the program; a new Advanced Photos Source (APS) Assembly and Fabrication Storage Building; and additions to the existing LOMs to house the support staff. Funding for these projects will require a determination as to the source of funds (e.g., whether Argonne receives funding directly from DOE or IGPP). DOE is committed to continuing efficiency and intensity upgrades to the target and source beamlines of ATLAS/CARIBU and is considering, as part of these projects, a dedicated CARIBU target transfer capability that will be utilized after closure of the Alpha Gamma Hot Cell Facility. Additional facility planning is under way to develop an integrated 400 Area Plan to support various proposed APS-related institutes. • Third-Party Financing. The TCS facility was funded by State of Illinois revenue bonds, which are to be retired through the lease payment. The facility provided needed space and facilities support to build on Argonne’s strengths in high-performance computing software, advanced hardware architectures, and applications expertise in support of the core capabilities of Applied Mathematics and Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data, as well as initiatives in Computational Science and Leadership Computing. To accommodate the need for state-of-the-art experimental space for structural biology work associated with Argonne’s Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation core capability, the State of Illinois has pledged $34.5M for approximately 55,000 ft2 Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF). Initial utility construction for the APCF project is currently under way, with expected occupancy in 2014. As part of the JCESR Energy Innovation Hub, the State of Illinois also pledged $35M for an approximately 45,000 ft2 Energy Innovation Center (EIC) to house JCESR headquarters and primary research activities. In addition, the central heating plant will be modified to provide a combined heat and power capability, which will be third-party financed via an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC). The project completion is tentatively slated for 2015. • Projects Supported by Laboratory Operating Funds. Concurrent with the major construction projects discussed above, the Laboratory will devote IGPP and Major Repairs program funding to address pressing rehabilitation, upgrade, or maintenance needs in other facilities and infrastructure and to support pre- and post-project implementation costs related to the SLI projects. The IGPP funding program will address minor facility upgrades in existing buildings and infrastructure (e.g., safety, fire protection, and mechanical/electrical systems), rehabilitate utility and site infrastructure, and support energy modification projects. IGPP projects are of a general institutional nature, cost under $10M, and benefit multiple cost objectives that could be completed with indirect funding. Indirect funds will not be utilized for IGPP projects at the expense of maintenance or any other essential facilities program. • DOE/EM Funding. DOE/EM funding has been requested for removal of contaminated facilities that are or will become inactive. However, federal budget constraints make EM funding an unlikely source for consolidating cleanup efforts for the next several years. Argonne is aggressively consolidating radiological facilities and reducing the inventory of radiological materials, while preserving the capability to perform mission-important activities. However, current funding levels remain a significant challenge and put the Laboratory at risk for executing its modernization plan. Partnering with DOE to identify stable funding is required for expeditious cleanup, material and waste disposition, and the ultimate disposition of these facilities. In conjunction with modernization planning, the Laboratory is pursuing the transfer of legacy waste and nuclear material and excess nuclear/radiological facilities to DOE/EM for disposition stewardship. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 32 Removal of legacy facilities is consistent with the DOE/SC goal of achieving an AUI ratio of 1:1 for comparison of utilization-justified assets to current real property assets and to support complex-wide DOE requirements for overall footprint reductions via space banking. The demolition and disposal of these facilities will support responsible stewardship of nuclear material, contaminated equipment, and facilities; align infrastructure assets with mission performance; and reduce overhead costs associated with nuclear and radiological facilities. Estimates for the unfunded, nonrecurring liability total approximately $600M based on recent in-house evaluations of the remaining legacy facilities. • Deferred Maintenance Reduction. Argonne is committed to reducing its maintenance backlog, with an ultimate target of achieving the DOE-established ACI goals for “Mission Critical” and “Mission Essential” facilities. The Laboratory’s Mission Readiness Initiative closely aligns facility maintenance with anticipated facility uses. The management of deferred maintenance reduction involves multiple investment strategies. A major component is adequate funding of routine maintenance and Major Repairs programs, along with significant contributions from Laboratory operating funds through the IGPP program and the SLI programs, as discussed above. The SLI modernization initiative will facilitate removal of the backlog of facility needs through replacement or modernization of maintenance-intensive, substandard existing facilities and infrastructure. Also contributing to the reduction of deferred maintenance is the use of third-party or alternative financing options where economically feasible. Trends and Metrics. As the Modernization Plan and Mission Readiness processes are executed, Argonne’s facilities and infrastructure will become more efficient to maintain and operate, and the elimination of surplus and substandard facilities will reduce the overall facility footprint. The Laboratory will benefit by reducing its operating costs and improving productivity and performance in meeting AUI, ACI, and energy-related measures. A significant portion of the deferred-maintenance total is related to facilities that are slated for replacement as part of the modernization program. Argonne currently plans to meet all target maintenance investment index levels. Any significant reduction in projected funding levels would impact the ability to achieve the targeted DM and ACI levels. As requested, Table 3 and Figure 1 show how the investments planned and proposed above will impact the sitewide ACI over the planning window. Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments (BA in $M) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) 53.2 10.2 - 51.3 6.9 - 48.4 9.9 - 53.1 9.9 - 53.5 10.8 - 54.5 11.1 - 57.4 11.5 - 58.5 11.8 - 59.6 12.1 - 60.8 12.4 - 63.8 12.8 - 67.0 13.1 - IGPP GPP Line Items (SLI) Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM Site-Wide ACI 12.7 37.2 113.3 5.6 42.8 106.6 2,431 132.9 0.947 10.0 68.3 2,548 125.4 0.953 10.0 10.0 83.0 2,627 129.4 0.954 10.0 40.0 114.3 2,725 124.2 0.959 10.0 45.0 120.6 2,790 122.8 0.961 10.0 10.0 88.9 2,857 138.6 0.958 10.0 40.0 120.3 3,021 145.4 0.959 10.0 45.0 126.7 3,094 149.5 0.960 10.0 10.0 93.2 3,168 155.0 0.960 10.0 40.0 126.6 3,297 155.8 0.963 10.0 45.0 135.1 3,315 173.0 0.960 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 33 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 160 1.000 140 0.990 0.980 120 0.970 100 0.960 80 0.950 60 0.940 0.930 40 0.920 20 0.910 0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 34 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years Accelerator S&T In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years Applied Materials Science and Engineering In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory Relocate high-bay SRF test 203, 208, 314, facility. New clean rooms, X 366 refrigeration, increased electrical power for SRF facility – funding source TBD. Significant enhancement is X required of the The most urgently needed Superconducting RF (SRF) rehabilitation of office and facility for all SRF work done laboratory spaces and HVAC 208, 366 at Argonne. systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – X see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. X Master IT plan and scientific support plan development under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. X IT infrastructure X X 212, 362, 369 X 362, 369 Additional office space needed for funded programs. Flexible laboratory space including adequate ventilation is required to support program growth and ultimately for relocation of personnel from Bldg. 212. X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 362 DOE Lab upgrades on 3rd floor of Bldg. 362 could be made with program funds but only if adequate ventilation can be provided. (A Fan Loft is needed for the 3rd floor.) Evaluate options for additional office space based on space being vacated by ESB moves. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. 35 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory Additional highbay/ experimental space is needed to allow relocation of Bldg. 212 program and to accommodate program growth. X X IT infrastructure X Currently providing in-house data center for scientific data storage. Future expansion may warrant consolidation into centralized data center. Action Plan DOE Master IT plan and scientific support plan development under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. Planning and developing funding requests for Exascale resource needs. Now X 240, 369 Applied Mathematics / Advanced Computer Science, Visualization and Data In 5 Years FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X 240 Chilled water and electrical upgrades will be required to support future high-speed computing. Accommodation of Exascale machine(s) contingent on emerging requirements, demand growth. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. Planning for Exascale resource needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. Utilize substation and chilled water facility capacity for growth to accommodate Exascale computer program and data center storage. Support for Exascale resource needs. Request funding for additional chiller upgrades. 36 Core Capabilities Time Fram e In 10 Years Now In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory DOE Accommodation of Exascale Explore funding to expand machine(s) contingent on infrastructure/ facilities to Continue support for Exascale X emerging requirements, accommodate Exascale program. program support. demand growth. X X IT infrastructure In 10 Years Now Applied Nuclear Science and Technology In 5 Years X 100-GB connection to APS. X X Facilities for Argonne centralized data center storage. 200, 205, 206, 208, 212, 308, 309, 315, 316, 370, 240, APS Modern radiological laboratory facilities are needed – perform strategic renovation of space throughout the Argonne complex. The capabilities of existing hot cell facilities for program work are limited. Expansion to support mission needs is potentially required. Existing nuclear facilities have transitioned to a de-inventory mission. Actinide and radiological material research facility needed in the APS area. Aged office, high bay, lab, and office spaces require upgrade or replacement. Further need for additional office space and additional classified meeting space. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Master IT plan and scientific support plan development under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. Suitable replacement facilities need to be identified before disposition of key buildings. Plans are being developed to potentially relocate staff from substandard and deteriorated space into back-filled space vacated by ESB. 37 Core Capabilities Time Fram e In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years Chemical and Molecular Science / Chemical Engineering In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory DOE Support consolidation and upgrade Support construction of of office space and radiological appropriate radiological X facilities to support applied nuclear facilities to support applied S&T programs. nuclear S&T programs. Currently providing in-house X data center for scientific data IT storage. Future expansion may Master IT plan development X Infrastructure underway. Will incorporate IT warrant consolidation into centralized data center. Need needs into future planning. X for secure communication facilities. Modernization needed of 200, 205, 211 X radiological labs for heavy elements and separations 200, 205, 211, science and applications in X ESB, EIC Individual program-specific Bldgs. 200 and 205. facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration Labs with modern fume hood or installation of specialized systems and upgraded capabilities) will be addressed electrical systems for Bldgs. through programmatic operating ESB SLI-1 Project under way – 200 and 205. funds. occupancy in 2013 and 2014 – $95M Laboratory space requires The most urgently needed rehabilitation as flexible, rehabilitation of office and MDL SLI-2 Project proposed – ESB, MDL, optimally functional space. laboratory spaces and HVAC X $95M 211, EIC systems will be addressed via Modernization of some Bldg. Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – 200 see Support Facilities and E-Wing Labs funded by Infrastructure Chart. Division Funds. X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans IT X infrastructure X Energy Innovation Center (EIC) $35M – funded through State of Illinois for JCESR. Currently providing in-house space for computer cluster and data center for scientific research. Future expansion may warrant consolidation Master IT plan and scientific support plan development under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. 38 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Years Now In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory into centralized data centers. X 200, 212, 223 X 200, 223, ESB Environmental temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic interference control and clean power are needed in all areas. Ventilation/hood filter capability generally inadequate. Clean room capability may be needed. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science In 10 Years ESB, MDL, X 223, 440, new facilities Building security access control may be required for transition between 223 and ESB. Majority of researchers to move to ESB, which will allow easier remediation of 223 issues and vacating of 212 spaces. Helium recovery system could provide 3-year payback/cost savings for the Lab. Now In 5 Years In 10 Years FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X X IT Infrastructure X Currently providing in-house data center for scientific data storage. Future expansion may warrant consolidation into centralized data center. Action Plan Develop mathematical descriptions, models, methods, and algorithms to enable scientists to describe/understand behavior of complex systems/processes spanning vastly different length/time scales in energy and the environment. DOE ESB SLI-1 Project under way – occupancy in 2013 and 2014 – $95M MDL SLI-2 Project proposed – $95M Operate the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility; advance key areas of computational science and discovery through partnerships. Hood upgrade program currently under way. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. Master IT plan development underway. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. 39 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory X Construction of Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility in support of bioscience research (third Increased laboratory, office, party/State of Illinois– financed) is storage, and staging spaces are under way. Occupancy in 2014. required. X 314, 400, 401, 402, 411, 412, 420, 431 through 438, 450 Large-Scale User Facilities/ Advanced Instrumentation In 10 Years Now In 5 Years An upgrade is under way to transform the APS storage ring and beamlines to meet the needs of 21st century science. Accommodation of user communities requires additional space near the ends of the beamlines. Major facilities upgrade initiative including compliance with Executive Order (EO) 13514 to meet mandated energy and greenhouse gas reductions. X X X 212, 216 In 10 Years FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X Expansion of electron microscopy capability (potential doubling in size) including possible replacement of 212 D-Wing with a new imaging institute. DOE APS Upgrade plan developed and 400 Area master plan in progress – will identify options and resource needs to meet user requirements. IGPP project for expansion/ buildout of LOM 437 is under way FY 2013 completion. APS Upgrade plan funded through programmatic sources. Other IGPP-funded facility projects have been requested beyond 2014. Facility modifications for Facilities 437 and 438 will meet the EO 13415 requirements. Individual program-specific facility needs Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. Potential replacement of microscopy facilities currently housed in 212 D-Wing. DOE EM funding to be requested for eventual D&D of Bldg. 212. 40 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years Nuclear Physics In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory DOE X Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration X or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. New scanning probe facility to 441 house state-of-the-art, The most urgently needed subatomic-level microscopes. rehabilitation of office and X laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. X Currently providing in-house New fiber-optic cable access being data center for scientific data installed – 2013. X IT storage. Future expansion may Infrastructure warrant consolidation within Master IT plan and scientific in-house data center. Future support plan development needs to be evaluated X under way. Will incorporate IT regarding consolidation of needs into future planning. data center. X Individual program-specific X Urgently need plans for facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration CARIBU target transfer and or installation of specialized RF facility relocation. capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating Bldg. 203 general office, funds. CARIBU target transfer administration, and auditorium 203 capabilities will be required spaces require significant The most urgently needed upon closure of Alpha-Gamma rehabilitation. Overall need for rehabilitation of office and Hot Cell Facility (AGHCF). X building window replacement, laboratory spaces and HVAC lighting upgrades, and crane systems will be addressed via repair. Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Tandem accelerator will be Infrastructure Chart. removed next year; Dynamitron also could be FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 41 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory removed – would free up experimental spaces. Action Plan DOE Ion source space west of ATLAS needed, as well as power and cooling for Ion Separator. Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now X X IT infrastructure X X In 5 Years X In 10 Years X Now In 5 Years 366 Need teleconferencing capabilities and upgrade of 203 auditorium equipment. Master IT plan and scientific support plan development under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. Expansion of Wakefield Accelerator facility completed. Assembly space is adequate, capable of supporting current level of experimentation. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. Clean fabrication and assembly facilities needed (potentially SLI-2). X Clean fabrication and assembly facilities planning. X Particle Physics Clean fabrication and assembly facilities needed. 366 Area In 10 Years FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X Program would benefit from SRF facility, either 208 or potential alternate location in Bldg. 366. Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. 42 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years Systems Engineering and Integration Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory X The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and X laboratory spaces and HVAC Current office space is systems will be addressed via adequate, capable of Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – supporting current and see Support Facilities and planned level of staffing. Infrastructure Chart. 360/362 Laboratory space requires Individual program-specific rehabilitation. Future plans X facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration call for office space in both or installation of specialized 360 and 362. capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. X Master IT plan and scientific IT Moved IT to Bldg. 240 – no support plan development X infrastructure appreciable gap identified. under way. Will incorporate IT needs into future planning. X X In 10 Years Additional office swing space now needed for flexibility in accommodating staff growth – including ability to accommodate foreign nationals separate from potentially sensitive or classified work. X 203, 221, 315, 316 X Specialized contiguous office space/conference facilities with integrated distribution capabilities require enhanced secure communications and information capabilities. DOE Individual program-specific facility needs (i.e., reconfiguration or installation of specialized capabilities) will be addressed through programmatic operating funds. The most urgently needed rehabilitation of office and laboratory spaces and HVAC systems will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP – see Support Facilities and Infrastructure Chart. Seeking funding from DOE and other agencies to support additional development of collaborative space expansions. Washrooms are needed in proximity to the Bldg. 203 conference space. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 43 Core Capabilities Time Fram e Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Ready Key Buildings Capability Gap N M P C Laboratory Currently providing in-house X data center for scientific data X storage. Future expansion may warrant consolidation into Master IT plan and scientific centralized data center. IT support plan development Specific concern for system infrastructure under way. Will incorporate IT redundancy. Needs additional needs into future planning. X video/remote computing and collaborative capabilities. Need more electrical generation backup for IT. DOE N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 44 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory DOE Work Environment Office & Lab/Office Buildings & Systems High-Bay Industrial Buildings/Space X Cafeteria X Recreational Facilities X Child Care X User Accommodations Visitor Housing (Short Term) Visitor Housing (Student) Older buildings have obsolete mechanical & electrical systems and roofing & envelope issues. X The demand for high-bay space exceeds availability. Lighting& HVAC system controls are generally adequate Generally adequate except in 600area Generally good condition. Some playground remodeling needed. Siding replacement needed. X Additional refurbishment needed in student (600) area housing. X Visitor Information Center No apparent gaps. X Generally adequate – could use some upgrade. SC-SLI Modernization plan to construct/refurbish various buildings. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using major repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. Continue EM program for D&D and disposal of excess facilities. • Funding (EM, SC, NNSA) for waste removal and disposal. • Nuclear Footprint Reduction. • Potential for some direct programmatic funding. Rehabilitation of food services and public spaces under way. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using Major Repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using Major Repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. Site Services Library X Medical X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans New facility in Bldg. 240. No significant gaps. Continue to maintain/upgrade equipment and offices – remodeling of selected spaces Continued routine maintenance and improvements using Major Repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed 45 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Shipping & Receiving X Fire Station X Security X Storage X Conference and Collaboration Space Major Conference/Auditorium 401 & TCS Auditorium – 200, 203& 362 X X Conference Room – General Collaborative Spaces – General X X Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap currently under way. Generally adequate – could use some upgrade. Generally adequate – could use some upgrade. Generally adequate – could use some upgrade. Limited storage – programmatic space and highbays inefficiently used to warehouse experimental apparatus. Action Plan Laboratory rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. DOE No apparent gaps. Aesthetics, electronic, accessibility, and asbestos/fire protection upgrades needed. Communications/electronics upgrades warranted – some aesthetic issues should be addressed. Acceptable but improvements warranted. Recent plans for cafeteria and other meeting spaces may address some concerns. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using Major Repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. Rehabilitation of Bldg. 362 is included under modernization initiative. Improved conference facilities included in buildings being constructed under modernization initiatives. Additional collaborative spaces included in buildings being constructed under modernization initiatives. Utilities Communications X X Central Heating Plant X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Mass notifications systems integration and upgrade needed – copper to fiber issues must be addressed. Existing facility requires modernization to meet latest environmental standards. New combined heat and power plant for base load/energy efficiency. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using Major Repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. Major modification planned to construct new Combined Heat and Power Plant – 3rd party financing. 46 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Electrical X Water (potable and lab.) X Natural Gas X Wastewater Treatment (sanitary) Wastewater Treatment (lab waste) Sewer (Sanitary & Lab) Steam Distribution No apparent gaps. X No apparent gaps. X X Flood Control Roads & Grounds Expansions and upgrades needed to replace obsolete equipment – new major substation being constructed to provide expanded capacity. Water systems controls being upgraded – elevated tanks require refurbishment. Plant requires modernization and equipment upgrades/replacement. X X Water (Chilled) Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap X The 200 area sewers require lining – combined effluent conduits deteriorated and leaking. No apparent gaps – expansion of capacity under way. Steam distribution lines require some upgrading. East area feeder trunk to be removed. No significant gaps. Parking lots and some roads require replacement or resurfacing. Parking (surfaces & structures) Roads, Sidewalks & Paths X Grounds X Security Infrastructure (Baseline Level of Protection) Upgraded street and parking lot lighting needed for safety, energy efficiency, and to replace existing antiquated fixtures. Sustainable landscaping required to improve campus character. X Action Plan Laboratory DOE Continued routine maintenance and improvements using major repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. Continued routine maintenance and improvements using major repair, LGB, and IGPP programs (including stewardship programs) as required to address current and emerging needs. The most urgently needed rehabilitation will be addressed via Major Repairs, LGB, or IGPP. No significant gaps. N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 47 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 48 Brookhaven National Laboratory Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance Established in 1947, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) originated as a nuclear science facility. Today, BNL maintains a primary mission focus in the physical, energy, environmental, and life sciences, with additional expertise in energy technologies and national security. BNL brings strengths and capabilities to the Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory system to produce excellent science and advanced technologies, safely, securely, and environmentally responsibly, with the cooperation and involvement of the local, national, and scientific communities. With a long-standing expertise in accelerator science and technology (S&T), BNL conceptualizes, designs, builds, and operates major scientific facilities available to university, industry and government researchers, in support of its Office of Science (SC) mission. These facilities serve not only the basic research needs of the DOE, but they reflect BNL and DOE stewardship of national research infrastructure that is made available on a competitive basis to university, industry, and government researchers. While the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) complex and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) are the two facilities that account for the majority of the more than 4400 scientists/year served at BNL, the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) served more than 440 users in FY 2012 and that number continues to grow. To date, seven Nobel Prizes have been awarded for discoveries made at the Laboratory. Location: Upton, New York Type: Multi-program laboratory Contractor: Brookhaven Science Associates Responsible Site Office: Brookhaven Site Office Website: www.bnl.gov BNL’s strong partnerships with Stony Brook University (SBU), Battelle Memorial Institute, and the Core Universities (Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, MIT, Princeton, and Yale) are important strategic assets in accomplishing the Lab’s missions. Beyond their roles in Brookhaven Science Associates (BSA), which manages the Laboratory, Stony Brook and Battelle are key partners in all of BNL’s strategic initiatives, from basic research to the commercial deployment of technology, and figure prominently in BNL’s energy research and development (R&D) strategy. Core Capabilities Twelve core technical capabilities underpin activities at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Each of these core capabilities is comprised of a substantial combination of facilities, teams of people, and equipment that has a unique and often world-leading FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Physical Assets: • 5,320 acres and 302 buildings • 4.4M sf in buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $1,960 million • 27,227 sf in 5 Excess Facilities • 9,946 sf in Leased Facilities Human Capital: • 2,989 FTEs • 24 Joint faculty • 185 Postdoctoral researchers • 229 Undergraduate and 170 Graduate students • 4,427 Facility users • 1,348 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): EERE, $6.8 NP, $185.4 EM, NNSA, $17.4 $23.3 Other DOE, $7.0 Other SC, $72.6 WFO, $55.8 DHS, $0.6 HEP, $57.4 BES, $280.7 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $727.0 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $670.6 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $55.8 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 7.2% DHS Costs: $0.6 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $26.9 million 49 component and relevance to national needs that includes the education of the next generation of scientists from grades K – 12 through graduate school. These core capabilities enable BNL to deliver transformational science and technology that is relevant to specific DOE/Department of Homeland Security (DHS) missions, as listed in Appendix A. 1. Particle Physics. BNL provides intellectual and technical leadership in key particle physics experiments that seek answers to seminal questions about the composition and evolution of the universe, i.e., the source of mass, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. BNL’s major roles are: host institution for U.S. contributions to particle physics with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC); leadership in neutrino oscillation experiments with moderate (Daya Bay) and long (e.g., Fermilab to Homestake Mine) baselines, to complete measurement of the neutrino mixing matrix, including possible CP-violation; and development of a program of observational cosmology (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope-LSST and precursor efforts, the Dark Energy Survey-DES and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey-BOSS). These roles are enhanced by BNL theory efforts and by BNL’s international leadership in critical detector and advanced accelerator research and development (AARD) for next-generation facilities, including a possible energy-frontier Muon Collider. Detector R&D at BNL is strongly leveraged by Laboratory support for the Instrumentation Division, which has made world-leading contributions to radiation detectors of various types and to low-noise microelectronics (see core capability 12 – CC 12). BNL’s expertise in Nuclear Chemistry provides world-leading development of metal-loaded liquid scintillator materials critical to contemporary neutrino experiments. BNL operates a unique national user facility for AARD, the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), largely with Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP) funding (see CC 3). BNL develops advanced software and computing facilities for applications in high energy experiments and theory. Key expertise has been developed in the management and processing of petabyte-scale data sets generated at high rates and distributed computing for analysis, facilitated by the RHIC-ATLAS Computing Facility (RACF), the Physics Analysis Software group, and US-ATLAS Analysis Support Center. Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) simulations utilize high performance computing facilities that include the recently augmented BlueGene/Q (BG/Q) machines. These now include two racks purchased by RIKEN and one purchased by BSA, both in 2012 (QCDCQ – QCD with Chiral Quarks), as well as the half rack purchased in 2013 by the U.S. Lattice QCD Collaboration (LQCD) to explore theoretically the properties of elementary particles. Particle physics software and computing development for both experiment and theory benefit very strongly from synergies with RHIC facilities funded by Nuclear Physics and with the RIKEN-BNL Research Center (RBRC), funded by the Japanese RIKEN Institute. 2. Nuclear Physics. BNL conducts pioneering explorations of the most fundamental aspects of matter governed by QCD. Heavy-ion collisions at RHIC probe matter at temperatures and densities representative of the early universe, mere microseconds after its birth. RHIC experiments discovered that the infant universe was filled with a previously unknown type of liquid matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP produced in RHIC collisions has a lower viscosity, relative to its density, than any other material known and has been called the “perfect fluid.” The RHIC results have led to profound intellectual connections with other physics frontiers, including String Theory, the origin of the universe’s matter-antimatter asymmetry, strongly correlated condensed matter systems, fermion gases trapped at nano-Kelvin temperatures, and analysis of baryon acoustic oscillations in cosmic microwave background maps. Heavy ion collisions, guided by theory, are used: to quantify the transport properties of the QGP and its response to energetic probes, especially jets and heavy quarks; to probe the gluon structure of nuclei at high energy; to study local fluctuations within the QGP corresponding to violations of fundamental symmetries; to search for a predicted critical point in the QCD phase diagram; and to search for predicted fundamental transformations of the QCD vacuum at extreme temperatures. Collisions of polarized protons, uniquely available at RHIC, are used to elucidate the spin structure of the proton. Future addition of an electron accelerator to RHIC would facilitate quantitative study of a regime of saturated gluon densities, present in all ordinary matter and featuring the strongest fields in nature. RHIC offers a synergistic environment for collaboration with universities, other National Labs, and industry. To date, the RHIC program has produced more than 300 Ph.D. nuclear physicists. Nuclear theory efforts at FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 50 BNL and throughout the international theory community guide and stimulate planning and interpretation of RHIC experiments. They include world-leading programs in high-temperature lattice QCD simulation and the theory of QCD matter at high gluon density. Experimental, theoretical, and computational research is enhanced by the presence of the RBRC. In addition to its contributions to the RHIC research program and its role in facilitating scientific collaboration with Japan, the RBRC continues to have a major role in the development of the U.S. nuclear science workforce by helping to establish faculty positions at leading research universities (33 to date, of which 22 are tenured). BNL develops advanced software and computing facilities for applications in nuclear physics experiments and theory. Key expertise has been developed in the management and processing of petabyte-scale data sets generated at high rates and distributed computing for analysis, facilitated by the RACF. Lattice QCD simulations utilize high performance computing facilities at BNL (the recently installed BlueGene/Q QCDCQ machines), as well as at leadership class computing facilities to explore theoretically the phase diagram of QCD. BNL scientists are leading a national effort to develop the science agenda for a future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) facility, for which the BNL plan, called eRHIC, is to upgrade the RHIC facility with a high energy electron beam to collide with the existing heavy ion and polarized proton beams. BNL administers a DOEfunded, peer-reviewed R&D program to support universities and Laboratories in the development of advanced instrumentation technologies for an EIC detector. Development and enhancement of RHIC accelerator facilities benefits from a first-rate program of advanced accelerator R&D (see CC 3), while enhancement of the RHIC detector capabilities benefits from the BNL support of the Instrumentation Division (see CC 12). BNL operates the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), an international resource for the dissemination of nuclear structure, decay, and reaction data that serves as the focal point for the U.S. nuclear data program and reactor design. 3. Accelerator Science and Technology. BNL has long-standing expertise in accelerator science that has been exploited in the design of accelerators around the world, beginning with the Cosmotron in 1948 and now including RHIC and NSLS. Among the now “standard” and widely-used technologies developed at BNL are the strong-focusing principle and the Chasman-Greene lattice, which are the foundation of all modern accelerator and synchrotron light sources, respectively, and high brightness electron guns and high gain high harmonic generation. Innovative BNL designs of superconducting magnets are in use at worldwide accelerator facilities, including LHC. Expertise in high temperature superconducting magnets is expected to be of central importance to future facilities, including the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a possible Muon Collider, and also to Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage systems. Complementing the above is BNL’s core capability in Advanced Instrumentation (CC 12). With the construction of National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), the Laboratory began adopting high energy accelerator technology to achieve unprecedented brightness, integrating damping wigglers in a unique configuration. BNL’s development and implementation of stochastic cooling for high-energy bunched beams has enabled an earlier and less costly completion of the RHIC-II luminosity upgrade. Full implementation of stochastic cooling has enhanced RHIC heavy-ion collision luminosities by about an order of magnitude. BNL’s pioneering development of the acceleration of spin-polarized proton beams to high energy using Siberian snakes made RHIC the world’s only polarized proton collider and allows for the unique exploration of the polarization of quarks and gluons inside the proton. The Lab’s developing competencies in superconducting RF technology for high intensity beams, high-brightness high-energy Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL), and innovative electron cooling techniques, together with its established world leadership in acceleration of spin-polarized beams to high energy, lay the groundwork for a future EIC using the RHIC facility. The ERL development is also relevant for possible future very high brightness X-ray free electron lasers (FELs). BNL scientists have provided leadership from the outset in international R&D efforts toward development of a future Neutrino Factory and/or Muon Collider. BNL operates the ATF, a unique national user facility for beam physics experiments, which also provides training for the next generation of accelerator scientists in FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 51 cutting-edge tests of advanced accelerator concepts. A unique strength of the ATF is the interaction of highpower fast-pulsed lasers with high-brightness electron beams. The development of such lasers at long wavelengths (~10 µm) has led to recent breakthroughs in the generation of mono-energetic ion beams from laser bombardment of gas jets, with game-changing potential for radiotherapy. Shorter-term collaboration with industry for improved ion beam therapy facilities is being driven by recent patents building on BNL expertise in developing synchrotrons and Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerators for nuclear and particle physics projects. With the selection of Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) as the backbone of the NSLS-II control system, BNL has become the center for development and maintenance of EPICS and its applications software. BNL possesses strength as a world-class accelerator laboratory, which is the backbone of the Laboratory and DOE’s research programs. The Lab is pursuing stronger integration of the Accelerator Science and Technology (AST) effort to foster cross-fertilization between the accelerator R&D effort towards eRHIC under the Nuclear and Particle Physics Directorate, the high brightness photon R&D effort under the Photon Sciences Directorate, and the advanced acceleration R&D at the ATF. AST drives, both internally and externally, the projects currently envisioned to sustain the Laboratory. AST underscores the creativity, breadth, and flexibility of BNL’s expertise in this area. In order to extend BNL’s strong tradition of creative accelerator design well into the eRHIC era, a joint BNLSBU Center for Accelerator Science and Education (CASE) was established. The mission of CASE is to educate and train the next generation of accelerator scientists and technologists, who will support the growing needs, not only of BNL, but also of the community at large. About ten Ph.D. students are currently engaged in accelerator research at BNL under the auspices of CASE. 4. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. BNL conducts world-leading fundamental research in Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science focusing on new and improved complex, nanostructured, and correlated-electron materials for renewable energy, energy storage, and energy efficiency. The objective of BNL’s program in the area of correlated materials is to understand the properties of a range of complex materials, particularly the high Tc superconductors. This is accomplished through interdisciplinary and tightly coupled research programs in materials synthesis, including both single crystal growth and thin film growth in the form of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD); advanced characterization using a range of experimental techniques, both lab and facility based, including scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission, X-ray scattering, electron microscopy; and theoretical studies using a range of different approaches. Future developments include the construction of a unique tool that brings together in one instrument the ability to fabricate thin films and examine their properties in situ using both scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission. In the area of nanostructured materials, the program addresses fundamental questions associated with selforganized growth and the liquid-solid interface, including wetting at the nanoscale, using both X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. The Brookhaven research approach leverages core scientific, university, and industry expertise, including that in chemical and molecular science, with BNL’s unique suite of complementary facilities that include NSLS, NSLS-II, the CFN, high performance computers, and BNL’s Institute for Advanced Electron Microscopy. An emerging aspect of these programs is research at the gap between basic and applied science to provide an environment where research innovations may be developed to the point of deployment more rapidly. The Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department is the lead institution in the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) that involves collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Illinois. BNL is also partnering in the EFRCs on Excitonics and Photovoltaic Efficiency, led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University, respectively. The participation of several CFN staff in these EFRCs is attracting new CFN users from these institutions, and will undoubtedly lead to high-impact results on energy-related topics. BNL is also engaged in two ARPA-E projects targeted at the use of superconducting wire technologies in the areas of energy storage (superconducting magnets) and energy generation (wind turbines). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 52 5. Chemical and Molecular Science. In the chemical and molecular sciences, BNL focuses on basic and applied research that addresses scientific challenges in fields of catalytic chemistry important to energy conversion processes and fundamental studies in chemical dynamics and radiation chemistry. The research in catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis addresses energy science challenges in fuel synthesis, with an emphasis on fuel generation from renewable energy resources, and efficient fuel use in fuel cells. Heterogeneous catalysis research elucidates catalyst structure and reaction mechanisms to establish design principles for improved catalysts. The research links in situ studies of powder catalysts under reaction conditions with studies of model nanocatalysts and computation. The effort focuses on energy conversion catalysis for clean fuel production, fuel synthesis from renewable energy sources by activation of small molecules, such as CO2 and H2O, and sustainable production and use of alternative fuels, such as hydrogen. Electrocatalysis research builds on world leadership in synthesis and characterization of nanostructured coreshell metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts to develop improved fuel cell catalysts for hydrogen and liquid fuel cells, as well as electrocatalysis of water splitting and fuel forming reactions. Photocatalysis addresses fundamental scientific challenges in the direct conversion of solar energy to fuels, based on a strong program in molecular inorganic catalysis linked to expertise in mechanistic chemistry and computational studies of reaction mechanisms. This effort makes extensive use of radiation chemistry as a unique tool for time-resolved mechanistic studies of oxidation and reduction reactions. Radiation chemistry research addresses fundamental chemical events arising from ionizing radiation, based on advanced pulse radiolysis capabilities at the Accelerator Center for Energy Research (ACER). The methods enable study of oxidized or reduced molecular systems for mechanistic studies of chemistry important in solar-chemical energy conversion and for study of single-molecule charge conduction, important in organic photovoltaic materials. Studies also address radiation-induced chemistry in novel processing media, particularly ionic liquids, for applications in advanced nuclear energy cycles. The chemical dynamics groups are leaders in the development of advanced, time-resolved laser spectroscopy methods for characterization of molecular dynamics in the gas phase, important in combustion processes and for study of molecule-surface interactions underlying catalytic and photocatalytic processes. These efforts combine leading experimental capabilities along with computational methods in quantum molecular dynamics. Chemical and molecular science research makes extensive use of NSLS (and soon, NSLS-II), the CFN, high performance computers and leverages expertise in core programs, including those in condensed matter physics and materials science, with collaborations from universities, other National Labs, and industry. 6. Climate Change Science. BNL’s world-class climate change programs seek to understand the role of greenhouse gases (GHGs), aerosols, and clouds on Earth’s climate. Research includes partnering on the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facilities; designing and conducting global change experiments that explore the effects of increased CO2 on the biosphere; studying the lifecycle and optical properties of clouds and aerosols; providing three dimensional (3-D) cloud reconstructions; and developing and testing physics-based representations of important climate-related atmospheric processes for implementation in large-scale climate models. This research utilizes climate and climate-related models that have been implemented on high performance computing systems at BNL and elsewhere and leverages BNL’s expertise in the core programs, including experimental studies of clouds and aerosols and skills in the development of theory needed to understand the relevant processes with collaborations from universities and other National Laboratories and institutions. BNL’s capabilities in the area of large-scale observational and manipulative environmental experiments are widely recognized since the first generation experiments that involved multi-year exposures of ecosystems to elevated levels of carbon dioxide. BNL researchers now participate in the tundra experiment (Next Generation Ecosystem Experiment (NGEE) – Tundra) on the north slope of Alaska and are actively involved in planning the NGEE-tropics, which is expected to get underway very soon. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 53 7. Biological Systems Science. The goal of BNL’s programs in the biological sciences is to develop a quantitative understanding of complex biological systems, from the molecular to the organism level at different temporal scales. BNL emphasizes applications in plants of interest to missions of the DOE in both energy and the environment. Expertise ranges from investigating structures of individual proteins, elucidating the structures and multi-dimensional interactions within protein complexes, measuring and modeling metabolic fluxes from single cells to the whole plant, to studying epigenetic mechanisms in plants. In all cases, the objective is to relate structure and function, so that desired manipulations, such as increasing growth rates, altering metabolic pathways to enable the accumulation of desired products, environmental adaptation or detecting disease can be carried out easily and reliably. The tools used include structural biology in a wide variety of forms, molecular biology, biological imaging, and a close coupling of experiments with modeling and simulation. Macromolecular interactions are the main focus of an interdisciplinary effort between investigators in the Biosciences Department and the CFN, who develop novel biomimetic approaches that use bio-programmable self-assembly for the creation of well-defined hierarchical nanoscale structures that are built from inorganic nano-objects and biological molecules (see CC 9). This work has great potential to impact a broad range of nanotechnologies related to the fabrication of nanomaterials and devices for energy conversion, single molecular detection, and catalysis. Moreover, these efforts are among the building blocks for an emerging focus at BNL on biodesign, i.e., understanding and exploiting the design principles of biological systems for engineering systems of great impact to DOE missions in energy and environment. BNL conducts worldleading research in the development of radiolabeled tracers, such as sugars, chemical messengers, and signaling molecules for monitoring biological processes, including transport and plant metabolism using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This is made possible by using dedicated advanced detectors developed at BNL, utilizing the capabilities of the Instrumentation Division and the expertise in detector physics resident in the Physics Department. Using the beamlines at NSLS, cryo-electron microscopy (EM), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, BNL performs structural analysis on complex biological systems. This capability will greatly expand when NSLS-II becomes operational and world-leading new analytical capabilities become available to probe molecular structure and dynamics at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. The radiation biology program characterizes the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems. The radiation biology program at BNL also features a flagship facility supported by NASA, the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). NSRL supplies ion beams from the Collider-Accelerator Department’s (C-AD) Booster synchrotron, which is part of the RHIC complex of accelerators. NSRL operations are managed by C-AD, with support from the Biosciences Department. BNL has a widely recognized basic research capability involving multiple principal investigators in plant biochemistry with particular focus on lipid production in plants. This pioneering research has attracted support from application-oriented programs striving to transfer the results from model plant systems to potential feedstocks for bio-based products including fuels. The bioinformatics and computational biology capability is an integral and growing part of the BNL biological systems program. BNL researchers with their partners at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) and at Yale University are members of the Systems Biology Knowledgebase (Kbase) development team (including Argonne, Lawrence Berkeley, and Oak Ridge National Laboratories), selected by BER to develop and deploy Kbase. The Lab’s partnership with the Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology at SBU is an important element of its growing computational biology capability. With these well-recognized capabilities in place and further developing, BNL is in a strong position to build a capability in biodesign for energy or synthetic biology in alignment with the direction of the BER portfolio. Specifically, BNL is leveraging the existing plant biology, biochemistry, radiotracer development, and plant imaging capabilities with the modeling, simulation, and Kbase capabilities to build a leading center for quantitative plant science. 8. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. BNL’s nuclear science programs span the gamut from medicine to national security. At the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP), BNL plays a critical role in preparing radioisotopes for the nuclear medicine community and industry that are unavailable commercially. BLIP is FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 54 one of the world’s major sources of Sr-82, the parent of Rb-82. This short-lived positron emitter is Federal Drug Administration-approved and now used routinely for assessment of cardiac function following a heart attack in more than 30,000 patients per year. This work continues BNL’s long leadership tradition in radiotracer development. The present strategic R&D vision concentrates on the development of “theragnostic” radioisotopes – that is, radioisotopes or radioisotope pairs that combine both emission of imaging photons and alpha or beta particles. The current highest priority in this vein in collaboration with Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Laboratories is the development of a new route to produce Ac-225, an alpha emitter with high potential for cancer therapy, especially for difficult diffuse cancers. Ac-225 is a rare but medically prized radioactive isotope, since it has the ability to destroy cancer cells more precisely, without damaging healthy surrounding cells. However, its production has been costly and too meager to support essential clinical trials based on the isotope. Those shortages of Ac-225 could be significantly lessened by this research. Using high-energy proton beams irradiating thorium targets at BLIP, BNL researchers demonstrated that the current annual supply of Ac-225 can potentially be produced in a week. Proposed beamline upgrades and installation of a beam raster at BLIP will enhance its capability. BLIP also supports an active program of radiation damage studies of interest to Fermilab (FNAL), FRIB, and LHC and for future high power accelerators. This role could be further amplified if the BNL-proposed Cyclotron Isotope Research Center (CIRC) were to be constructed at the Lab. A potential commercial partner is interested in working with BNL to build such a stand-alone isotope production facility. A doubling of the Linac beam current for radioisotope production and addition of a second beamline and target station for BLIP are also under consideration in the future. BNL’s expertise in accelerator development has led to a recent patent for a Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (RCMS) and for low-mass beam delivery gantries, viewed as technologies of choice for the next generation of proton- and ion-based cancer therapy centers. BNL has established a CRADA with a commercial partner interested in building such next-generation centers. BNL has leading expertise in the application of ionizing radiation for the diagnostic and treatment of cancer. As described above BLIP is a leading facility for the development of medical isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The effects of ionizing radiation on living systems are being studied at the NSRL, a flagship international user facility supported by NASA. The NSRL facility also provides the unique capability to study the effectiveness of using carbon or other ion beams for cancer therapy. The Lab is collaborating in developing corresponding research proposals to the National Cancer Institute. Finally BNL is also developing the next generation hadron therapy facility using carbon or other ion beams for high effective cancer treatment. BNL has extensive expertise in nuclear nonproliferation and international nuclear safeguards that includes management of the International Safeguards Project Office (ISPO) for the U.S. Government. ISPO is responsible for coordinating all U.S. technical and personnel support to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Department of Safeguards. BNL also provides training on how to implement safeguards to new IAEA inspectors and countries where IAEA safeguards are applied to assist in ensuring their effective and efficient implementation. The Lab’s nonproliferation and national security work includes materials and chemical sciences; nuclear materials detection and measurement; nuclear materials protection, control, and accountability; advanced radiation detector R&D; and scientific and technical participation in the Radiological Assistance Program (RAP). BNL’s RAP experts supported the DOE’s response to the Fukushima incident and continue to assist the U.S. government on radiological releases, as needed. One of BNL’s world-class capabilities is the development of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) prototype radiation detectors for nonproliferation and homeland security applications, starting from the conceptualization and design phases to assembly, testing, and characterization of the prototypes. BNL grows the CZT and other detector crystals in-house and uses the NSLS to determine ways to improve the crystal’s performance in detectors. BNL’s nuclear energy experts support the development of next generation reactors through research on alternative fuel cycles, materials in extreme environments, and its assessment of the role of nuclear energy in FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 55 our Nation’s energy future. BNL conducts research on materials in extreme environments for advanced energy systems. As part of that effort, it utilizes synchrotron characterization techniques, such as diffraction, spectroscopy, and imaging and is developing sample chambers for the in situ study of materials at the NSLS. The 200 MeV proton beam of the BNL Linac and the BLIP target facility are being used extensively for studies of irradiation damage in materials for fast fission and fusion reactors, as well as high-energy particle accelerator elements, such as pion production targets for neutrino experiments. BNL also uses state-of-the-art computer tools to analyze nuclear reactor and fuel cycle designs for DOE, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the National Institutes for Science and Technology (NIST). 9. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. This capability is an extension of BNL’s effort in condensed matter physics and materials science that is concentrated on materials for energy technologies including strongly correlated/complex materials and nanomaterials (including bio/soft/hybrid materials), which are at the heart of renewable energy technologies. In order to understand the route to superconductors with improved critical properties (e.g., critical temperature, critical current, critical field), BNL conducts experimental and theoretical research to design, synthesize, understand, predict, and ultimately enhance the properties of strongly correlated/complex materials, particularly for electrical energy transmission and electrical energy storage applications. Among its tools for synthesis, BNL uses its state-of-the-art MBE capability to prepare exceptionally high quality films of cuprates and other oxides. Typical methods of characterization include neutron and X-ray scattering, electron spectroscopy, electron microscopy at BNL’s Institute for Advanced Electron Microscopy, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, supported by theory. Similarly, BNL synthesizes and characterizes materials for energy storage and nanomaterials for enhanced solar fuel production and solar electricity generation and for incorporating new functionalities. BNL supports electrical energy storage technologies including General Electric’s sodium battery technology, through its facilities and expertise in photon sciences and electron microscopy. BNL is a partner in the SBU-led Energy Storage EFRC and in several successful battery proposals funded by the New York Battery and Energy Storage (NYBEST) Consortium. In conjunction with theory and modeling, characterization methods include electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction, nanoprobes, and studies of nanoscale ordering and assembly at the CFN. Based on a CRADA with Kenyon (the former BP Solar), BNL will monitor and analyze performance data from the Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) and is building a solar research array at BNL, which will have the capacity to field test innovative new solar and grid technologies. 10. Chemical Engineering. BNL has a small, but emerging effort in applied chemical research that translates scientific discovery into deployable technologies. Basic research in surface electrochemistry and electrocatalysis, using a variety of characterization techniques, including atomic-level surface characterization with X-rays at NSLS, has matured into the design of efficient catalysts for fuel cells. BNL has developed various innovative catalysts that have the potential to solve two main problems of existing technology: low efficiency of energy conversion and high Pt loading. In the future, since the BNL-developed catalysts contain smaller amounts of precious metal, they could be used in fuel cells that convert hydrogen to electricity in electric vehicles. Scale-up of some of these materials is successfully underway with industry partners. The Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (SCC) at NSLS offers the opportunity for advanced characterization and testing of real world catalysts to universities, industry, and other National Laboratories. 11. Systems Engineering and Integration. BNL solves problems holistically and across multiple disciplines on several levels in order to deliver Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. Individual facility components (accelerators, detectors, beamlines, etc.) that are conceived, designed, and implemented at BNL are complex entities, requiring broad integration for their successful performance and, in turn, for their coupling with other systems. BNL’s approach applies not only to engineering at the various stages of a single project, but also to developing cutting-edge technologies that fuel multiple large projects at the Laboratory. One example is BNL’s development of noble liquid detectors from concept, through demonstration, to implementation within enormous detectors at D0 at FNAL and ATLAS at LHC, and accompanied by continuing R&D to develop the very large liquid argon time projection chambers that might serve a future long baseline neutrino experiment (LBNE). A second example involves application of high-brightness electron beam technology developed at BNL to NSLS-II and the proposed future electron-ion collider (eRHIC). A third example involves collaboration between condensed matter physicists at BNL, the FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 56 Superconducting Magnet Division, and commercial partners to develop high-temperature superconducting materials and magnets for prototyping Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage systems. Recently, BNL has been focusing its expertise in the engineering analysis of energy systems toward developing an Advanced Electric Grid Innovation and Support (AEGIS) Center for electric network monitoring, analysis, and modeling, primarily focused on the electric distribution system. This capability in conjunction with the development of the BNL micro-grid as a research resource will serve East Coast utilities, technology developers, research institutions, emergency management organizations, and the DOE and DHS. The impact of Super Storm Sandy and winter storm Nemo have led to an emphasis on distribution system reliability, resilience, and recovery. The development of a research array on site (~700 kW) will also allow the testing of renewable integration strategies, including the use of storage. This Center will also reach-back to BNL’s applied research efforts in materials and storage for grid applications, by providing analytical results illustrating the role that storage can play on the grid (see CC 9). 12. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. Since its creation as a National Laboratory, BNL has promoted research in the physical, chemical, biological, and engineering aspects of the atomic sciences. As a key part of its mission, it has also provided user facilities that individual institutions could not afford and would not have the range of expertise required to develop on their own. In FY 2012, BNL served more than 4400 users at its DOE designated user facilities, i.e., NSLS, RHIC (including NSRL and the Tandems), and CFN as well as those users at the ATF, RACF and US ATLAS Analysis Support Center. BNL is constructing NSLS-II, the newest and brightest member of DOE’s suite of advanced light sources, which is expected to serve more than 4000 users annually when fully operating. BNL envisions a future major upgrade of RHIC (eRHIC) that will attract a new generation of users interested in using high-energy electron-ion collisions to study cold nuclear matter at extreme gluon densities. BNL also makes important contributions to international facilities – the LHC, Daya Bay, and such future facilities as an underground laboratory, LSST, and a Muon Collider. This core capability is strongly tied to those in Accelerator Science and Technology, Systems Engineering and Integration, Advanced Instrumentation (CC 3, 11, 12), and world-leading computation efforts for data capture, storage and analysis, and is enhanced by infrastructure support to users. The LISF is creating the largest data set (solar insolation, weather, power, and power quality) for a utilityscale solar plan in the U.S. This data set is a unique asset to study solar forecasting models, as well as the impact of large solar plans on grid operations. BNL expects to pursue funding for the AEGIS Center. BNL conceptualizes, designs, and constructs state-of-the-art optics, detectors and electronics that are used for experiments at RHIC, NSLS, FNAL, LHC, LSST, the Spallation Neutron Source, and the Linear Coherent Light Source, and in other accelerator- and reactor-based facilities around the world. The BNL Instrumentation Division is especially noteworthy for its leadership in noble liquid detector technology, lownoise application-specific integrated circuit design, state-of-the-art silicon detector development, and R&D on photocathodes and ultra-short pulse lasers. BNL also engages in pioneering development of gamma ray spectrometers, neutron imaging and directional detectors, as well as long-range detection of special nuclear materials for homeland and national security applications. Science Strategy for the Future BNL has identified five major initiatives that align with the DOE Strategic Themes in Energy Security, Scientific Discovery and Innovation, and Nuclear Security and build on core strengths and capabilities of the Laboratory. These are areas in which BNL envisions that it will substantially distinguish itself by delivering transformative science, technology, and engineering (ST&E). In order to reap the potentially transformational benefits of these initiatives, a key element of Brookhaven’s strategy is to pursue the evolution of its two largest user facilities – NSLS and RHIC. 1. Photon sciences: NSLS, a pioneering user facility, is an accelerator-based light source for photon sciences. The discovery potential of BNL photon sciences will be enormously expanded by replacing NSLS with NSLS-II, a new light source, by 2015. It will deliver world-leading brightness and intensity, and extreme stability to enable nanoscale imaging and exquisite sensitivity. The completion of the NSLS-II and its transition to full operations over the next few years will afford many scientific disciplines the opportunity to perform experiments that have never before been possible. Impactful early NSLS-II experiments and beamline build out are a high priority. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 57 2. QCD Matter: RHIC, the most productive nuclear science facility in the U.S., has transformed mankind’s understanding of the matter that forms the visible universe, reproducing the extreme temperatures reached a tiny fraction of a second after the Big Bang. After a decade of discovery, RHIC has been upgraded to increase the rate of nuclear collisions and the precision and reach of its giant detectors, allowing its international community of scientific users to explore the properties of the quark gluon plasma in quantitative detail and to search for fundamentally new phenomena in the extreme high energy density environment, corresponding to conditions of the early universe. In the second part of the coming decade, BNL’s plan is to transform RHIC into eRHIC, an electron-ion collider optimized to study the gluon component of nucleons and nuclei, which constitutes approximately half of the mass of the visible universe, but whose structure at high energies remains largely unknown. 3. Discovery to Deployment: Integrated Science Centers for 21st Century Energy Security: BNL is uniquely positioned with the staff, facilities, and tools to advance the science and technology needed to find solutions to some of the Nation’s most pressing energy problems. The coupling of NSLS-II, the CFN, and other core capabilities provides a transformative opportunity for a stronger, more impactful, and broader engagement with the research and industrial community through the establishment of a suite of Integrated Centers for Energy Science (ICES), which can serve as a catalyst for the Energy Initiative’s Discovery to Deployment strategy. AEGIS and the BNL micro-grid also bring the ICES Concept to systems applications. 4. Physics of the Universe: BNL scientists will continue to play leadership roles in the Energy Frontier with work at ATLAS addressing the mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking and searching for supersymmetry, as well as in the LHC upgrade by applying their expertise in accelerator science and technology. BNL will continue to provide intellectual leadership and expand its efforts at the Intensity Frontier. The Lab will continue its work in the neutrino sector via the LBNE measurement of the CPviolating phase, δ. BNL’s role in the muon g-2 experiment at FNAL will continue to be enhanced by expertise developed at the BNL Alternating Gradient Synchrotron; the Lab’s contribution to Mu2e at FNAL will make direct use of BNL technology developed for ATLAS. In the Cosmic Frontier, BNL will play a critical role in the LSST, supplying the sensors for the camera and focusing on understanding dark energy and growing the cosmology effort more broadly. 5. Biosciences and Environmental Sciences: BNL has highly-regarded expertise in several aspects of biological, climate, and environmental sciences. BNL will build on this foundation by adding a few critically important capabilities, such as nano S&T and data-intensive and high performance computing. When combined with NSLS-II, BNL will have dramatically increased its ability to synthesize, analyze, model, and simulate plant and plant/microbe-symbiotic systems. The Lab will build upon past success by extending its study of atmospheric processes that are particularly important for the modeling of climate and the earthatmosphere system. The core capability in Accelerator Science & Technology (CC 3) underpins the expansion of the Laboratory’s reach in both Photon Sciences and QCD Matter as well as other areas of national importance. Likewise, the longstanding expertise in scientific instrumentation underpins many facets of BNL’s ST&E efforts. Also, building on the foundation laid by the RHIC/ATLAS computing facility and other efforts in data management, analytics and computational science across its research portfolio, BNL is positioned to be a leading Lab in high-performance computing for management, processing and analysis of large-scale scientific data relevant to the Lab’s core science programs and facilities. BNL’s objective is to achieve core capability status in Computational Science within the next three years. Finally, BNL’s long-standing nuclear energy and nonproliferation expertise, detector technology capability, and scientific user facilities enable the Lab to contribute in unique ways to national security challenges. Full exploitation of BNL’s capabilities in addressing its scientific focus areas relies on synergies among its science organizations and across the above major initiatives. Achieving and sustaining management and operational excellence underpins all of BNL’s work. Longer Term Strategy In the longer term, after NSLS-II is completed and the Lab has implemented an integrated set of programs based on beamline capabilities, BNL expects to pull together the Photon Sciences, Energy S&T, and Bio/Environmental FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 58 Sciences Initiatives, described in detail below, into a broader Energy S&T Initiative, centered on NSLS-II, CFN, and other Lab capabilities. This will be analogous to the Origins of Matter and Mass Initiative, which will be centered on RHIC transitioning to eRHIC in the future. These initiatives will build on the Lab’s world-class facilities and capabilities and will represent the two main pillars of BNL's science program looking a decade ahead. The Lab’s portfolio going forward will also feature the high energy physics initiative, utilizing facilities outside the Lab, and other activities that are still to be determined, e.g., accelerator science and technology and nonproliferation and homeland security, which may become initiatives. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. BNL is located in Upton New York in central Suffolk County approximately 75 miles east of NYC. The BNL site, former Army Camp Upton, lies in both the Townships of Brookhaven and Riverhead. BNL is situated on the western rim of the shallow Peconic River watershed. The marshy areas in the site’s northern and eastern sections are part of the Peconic River headwaters. Approximately 35% of BNL’s 5,320 acre site is developed, which includes the recent construction of the LISF. At the end of FY 2012, there were 314 buildings totaling 4.57M square feet (sf). Of those, 302 buildings totaling 4.4M sf, 29 real property trailers totaling 19k sf, and 126 other personal property portable structures, totaling 32k sf were DOE-SC facilities. The average age of SC buildings is 43 years. Sixty buildings (693k sf) date back to World War II (WW-II) and most major permanent science facilities, excluding those constructed for ISB, NSLS, NSLS-II, RHIC and the CFN, are DOE-SC facilities built in the 1950s and 1960s. Excluding the areas covered under the RSL-I/II SLI projects and minor work done under GPP- and laboratory-funded projects, these facilities have not received any major renovation and many building systems are original. For BNL’s Environmental Management (EM) program there are 12 buildings totaling 164k sf. and 2 real property trailers totaling 663 sf. The average age of EM buildings is 51 years. EM groundwater treatment facilities and those (the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor and High Flux Beam Reactor) in the Long Term Response Action Program (LTRA) are expected to be transferred to SC in FY 2014. BNL has requested that several shutdown facilities, which are awaiting decommissioning and decontamination, be transferred to EM for disposal, including the former Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor in B490 and B650, the former Hot Laundry. The current Land Use Plan can be found on the BNL intranet: http://intranet.bnl.gov/mp/im. Conventional construction of ISB-I and NSLS-II is complete and will add an additional 307k sf in FY 2013. Table 2 provides key infrastructure data for SC conventional real property only. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $2,494,898,391 $1,602,531,573 $4,097,429,964 $111,543 5,320 0.957 # Building Assets 148 151 15 22 43 115 0 29 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 0 86 29 19 2 1 14 12 2 0 0 # GSF (Bldg) 3,410,606 1,068,301 87,204 606,251 141,340 2,795,960 0 178,018 0.957 Mission Critical 0.957 Mission Dependent 0.999 Not Mission Dependent 94.79 Office 93.18 Warehouse Asset Utilization 91.31 Laboratory 2, 3 Index (B, T) 0.00 Hospital 90.43 Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. Asset Condition Index (B, S, T) 1 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans # GSF (Trailer) 0 14,627 1,330 8,604 4,530 701 0 0 59 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The major issue confronting BNL and the mission readiness of its core capabilities is the need for capital renewal and new facilities where existing buildings cannot meet the required functionality. Since many of BNL’s permanent science buildings are ~ 50 years old, they require substantial investments in mechanical and electrical system upgrades. Typical upgrades to research labs include new fume hoods and casework and creation of “clean rooms”, some of which cannot be achieved by renovating existing facilities. In addition, many research labs need state-of-the-art upgrades, including stringent environmental and vibration control. BNL has identified those “permanent” facilities that will form the platform for current and future core capabilities. The RSL-I project was completed in FY 2012 and invested $18M in renovation of facilities. The RSL-II project, completing this year, will invest an additional $50M in permanent facilities that are well designed and structurally sound. With the planned investments indicated, their ability to support world-class science can be extended significantly. Some capabilities of existing programs are hampered by the lack of high-accuracy labs. The ISB-I and the proposed ISB-II and ISB-III projects will help address these needs; however, delays in project funding for the latter two will require intermediate projects, putting additional pressure on already oversubscribed operating funds to ensure program needs are met and anticipated growth supported. BNL’s direct investment in conjunction with Line Item support through the SLI program will ensure BNL’s leadership roles within the SC Laboratory Complex. The mission readiness needs of BNL’s technical facilities and infrastructure now, in 5 years, and in 10 years and the current mission readiness of support facilities and infrastructure are summarized in the tables contained in Appendix C. Mission Critical facilities continue to be evaluated against Mission Readiness needs. An infrastructure study completed in FY 2011 focused on near and mid-term IGPP- and operating-funded projects; it concluded that waiting for the future SLI projects to be constructed is not a viable solution. As such, a comprehensive plan was developed to evaluate alternatives including identification of smaller scale stopgap projects that could be funded by operating funds to address the most immediate needs and to identify the need to pursue alternative funding sources for some actions. The Lab will continue to work with NYS to maintain low cost power for operation of its facilities. An overview of the infrastructure needed to support BNL’s mission, broken down by core capability, follows. • Particle Physics: The Physics Department, Building 510 (B510), is a key facility for major activities in particle physics at LHC-ATLAS, studies of neutrino properties, theory, and development of a program in observational cosmology. The 51 year-old 200k sf building, comprised mainly of labs, offices, shops, and high-bay assembly space, has major capital renewal needs. These needs will be addressed by the RSL-II SLI Line Item, BNL IGPP, and operating funds. RSL-II provides needed clean room space and clean power for detector development. At the conclusion of the line item project in FY 2014, most major needs are expected to be addressed. The new Large Seminar Room and Lounge were completed in FY 2013 and are a huge improvement for the whole Laboratory. B515 houses the RACF and the US-ATLAS Analysis Support Center, as well as BG/Q. A gap for B515 is the continuing need for additional power and cooling as computing is expanded. Associated electrical infrastructure needs are being addressed with IGPP over the planning period. The Instrumentation Division (B535), which builds detectors for observational cosmology and low-noise electronics and other innovative detectors for particle physics, nuclear physics, and photon sciences is 49 years-old and has issues with capital renewal and lack of clean room and other dedicated lab space. These needs will be addressed during the ten-year planning period with either IGPP or operating funds or possibly as a part of the proposed ISB-III project. Plans to provide the needed clean room space in alternate locations continue to be evaluated. The areas of B901 housing the advanced accelerator development group for next-generation facilities and B902 used for accelerator upgrades to the LHC do not have major issues. • Nuclear Physics: B510, B515, and B535 are also key facilities for experimental and theoretical nuclear physics research including relativistic heavy ion and polarized proton spin studies, developing the scientific and technical case for eRHIC, and designing and constructing advanced detector instrumentation and electronics. The RBRC is located in B510. The gaps and actions are the same as for Particle Physics. The main experimental facilities are a series of buildings mostly in the buildings 9001000 series range, collectively known as RHIC, housing the accelerator and its support facilities that include research dedicated toward RHIC improvements and eRHIC. The primary gap is operational FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 60 efficiencies that have begun to be addressed through consolidation of functions, which in turn, will result in several run-down buildings becoming vacant for future demolition. Operating funds will be used to renovate and upgrade existing facilities, such as B911, B912, and B924 in order that the consolidation can occur. The NNDC is located in B197, which is a WW-II era wood building that is in need of replacement. • Accelerator Science: R&D related to this capability in accelerator design, development and implementation of high brightness guns, stochastic cooling, superconducting RF technology, advanced beam cooling, energy recovery linacs, a possible Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider, and fabrication of high Tc magnets occurs in several facilities previously discussed, such as B510, 535 and 901, 902, 911 & 912 (part of C-AD). Other buildings including B703, 725, 830, 832, and 902 support NSLS-II R&D, design, and construction. B820 houses the ATF, but room for expansion is needed. B912 is under consideration as a new location for the ATF to allow it to grow as needed. Most of the labs in B703 have been renovated and some major buildings systems have also been upgraded. Additional rehab of remaining labs and buildings systems will need to be accomplished during the planning period. There are no major gaps other than those previously described. • Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science (CMPMS): The current key facilities for CMPMS research that focuses on new and improved materials for renewable energy, energy storage, and energy efficiency are B480, 510, and 703 as well as at NSLS (B725), the CFN (B735), and BG/Q (B515). The partial renovation of B480, part of the RSL-I project, was completed last year. This project has made B480 fully capable. The CMPMS functions in B510 and B703 have begun to relocate to the new ISB-I. This effort will complete in early FY 2014 and will provide the high quality/high accuracy space needed to support the program. Most materials work will be relocated to the newly renovated labs by the end of 2013. The CFN and BG/Q do not have any major gaps or planned actions. • Chemical & Molecular Science: Laboratories for fundamental energy-related research, theory, and computation in the chemical and molecular sciences are located in B555 (Chemistry). Approximately 40% of the building is being renovated under the RSL-II project. The remaining areas will be renovated with operating funds. BNL has identified these needs and will propose a time-phased plan to address them. Other key enabling facilities are NSLS, the CFN, and BG/Q. The CFN and BG/Q do not have any major gaps or planned actions and NSLS experiments will transfer to NSLS-II, when completed. • Climate Change Science: Key facilities for research in clouds and aerosols, physics-based representations of climate-related atmospheric processes, and the impacts of climate change on plant systems and for developing and implementing ARM and BER global change experiments are B490 and B815. Portions of B490, constructed in 1958, have been converted for this use. B490 needs major capital renewal or replacement. Options will be explored in the later part of the ten-year planning period. In the interim, capital renewal such as HVAC replacement will be accomplished, as needed, to keep the facility operational. B815 was constructed in 1961 and expanded in 1995. Major capital renewal in B815 has been funded over the years through GPP and was completed this year by the SLI Line Item, RSL-I, making B815 essentially fully capable. • Biological Systems Science: B463 (Biology) is a key facility for structural analysis of biological systems, monitoring and engineering metabolic processes in plants for biofuels and bio-based products, and studying the effects of radiation on living systems. B901 (Radiochemistry Labs and Cyclotron), B490 (Medical), and B555 (Chemistry) are important for development of radiotracers and instrumentation used for monitoring biological processes in plants. Radioisotope preparation takes place in B901. The areas in all three facilities housing these functions have major capital renewal needs. B463 was constructed over a period of 40 years with the initial phase going back to WW-II. Assessments of the laboratories in the older phases found the condition to be “poor”, with excessive operations and maintenance cost and unsuitable for major renewal. The space will need to be replaced or repurposed. The Plant Science groups are slated to move to the ISB-II building, but funding delays will require intermediate improvements of existing space or identification of alternate space. A study of options, including renovating existing space, is ongoing. Replacement of some of the greenhouses was completed this year, but additional greenhouses will be needed with ISB-II or before. The expansion of Plant Science can be FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 61 partially accommodated by consolidating research for NASA, currently conducted in the section of B463 where investment is warranted, into B490. B490 and B901 require major capital renewal of building systems, which will be addressed through operating funds. B901 was built in the same time period around 1950 and the space is in severe need of repair and refurbishment and HVAC is a particular problem in these spaces. Imaging studies are performed in B906 (PET), which has no major infrastructure gaps. However, the existing facilities to produce the associated short-lived isotopes for these studies require refurbishment of a cyclotron, which is located in B901. The isotope processing labs are inadequate; expanding and upgrading the facilities will be investigated. Instrumentation for monitoring biological processes is also developed in B510 and B535 (discussed above). Supporting experimental facilities are B725 (NSLS), B958 (NSRL), and B735 (CFN), none of which has major infrastructure gaps impeding the science. • Applied Nuclear Science & Technology: Key office buildings are B197, which houses programs in nonproliferation, global nuclear security, and detector development for national and homeland security and B130, home to programs in nuclear energy and infrastructure systems. Both are WW-II era wood buildings in need of replacement. Current plans are to pursue better space as part of an overall consolidation effort resulting from the NSLS-II staff vacating space and moving into their new space. Additionally, an office building, potentially alternate-financed, which could address this gap is being considered. Other work is performed in small portions of several buildings including B750 Annex (RAP), B815 (detectors), and B902 and B911 (applications of accelerator physics to medicine). Radioisotopes for national needs are produced at the BLIP (B931), which could be replaced by the CIRC (if built at BNL). All radioisotope research, processing, and assays are carried out in the 63-year old B801. This building is solidly constructed, but most major building systems are original and becoming unreliable. Capital renewal with IGPP will be necessary. • Applied Materials Science & Engineering: Key buildings supporting this work are described in the core capability on Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science. • Chemical Engineering: Key buildings for this effort are discussed in the Chemical and Molecular Science core capability. • Systems Engineering & Integration: This area encompasses many buildings that enable BNL to deliver Large-Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation. All have been mentioned previously. They include: B480, 510, 535, 703, 725, 817, 830, 832, 901, 902, 911, and 912. This area will benefit from buildings in design and under construction, including NSLS-II. A new program funded by the Empire State Development Corporation will allow the start of the development of the AEGIS facility for study of grid problems. • Large-Scale User Facilities & Advanced Instrumentation: Facilities for this capability include those for systems engineering and integration (above) as well as the user facilities themselves, and for development of state-of-the art detectors and electronics. They include: B197, 515, 535, 725, 734, 735, 815, 820, 911, the AGS, and RHIC, all of which have been discussed previously and also involve buildings in design and under construction, including NSLS-II and potentially ISB-III. A study of the Collider-Accelerator complex identified a series of projects to be implemented over the next several years that would improve operational efficiency and right-size its space. Beginning with key mission critical buildings, additional studies are being performed to refine the needs and develop time-phased implementation plans. A study was performed to evaluate the use options for B725 after NSLS operations stop. Future use will be greatly influenced by the B725 decontamination and decommissioning plan under development. Significant IGPP investment to further build out the NSLS-II Laboratory Office Buildings is expected over the planning period. Support Facilities and Infrastructure. The most significant issue facing the support divisions is that many are still located in WW-II era wood buildings. To address this, a project to construct modern office buildings potentially using alternative financing or leased space is being explored. In addition, re-alignment of support shops under the Integrated Facility Management model is helping to right-size these facilities by reducing maintenance costs and increasing operational efficiency. While BNL’s utilities are fairly reliable, they are aging FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 62 and issues impacting reliability are likely to increase. BNL completed a study in FY 2011, which evaluated its utilities and recommended strategies to address needs. The study identified significant short-term needs confirming that the aging water, electric, and steam distribution system components need replacement and will have to be addressed. These needs will be further prioritized and a strategy to address them will be developed. A Mission Readiness Peer Review occurred in August 2009. The Peer Review team, consisting of members from other SC National Labs, validated BNL’s planning processes as being robust and capable of identifying and addressing Mission Readiness needs. Strategic Site Investments. In order for the Laboratory to continue as a world leader in science and technology, it will be necessary to address critical infrastructure concerns. Paramount to this objective is implementation of infrastructure renewal, i.e., upgrades and enhancements needed to support the expanding scientific and technological base, while providing reliable uninterrupted utility services with sufficient reserve capacities to support future planned growth. In addition, the Laboratory must provide world-class facilities that will support the recruitment and retention of a premier staff. Many of the current buildings and laboratories are of 1950s and 1960s vintage, and can continue to support future science needs when renewed. In other cases, the needed scientific capabilities (high accuracy temperature controlled labs, vibration isolation, RF shielded spaces, etc.) cannot be developed within existing buildings and new laboratory buildings will be needed. Some of this need is being met by the recently completed ISB-I. To meet the infrastructure challenges, BNL has formulated the following strategies to address the mission needs based on the constraints and strengths of the various funding sources: • DOE SLI funds: Use to construct new state-of-the-art research facilities (e.g., high-accuracy labs) that facilitate collaboration and support interdisciplinary research teams, where existing buildings cannot be retrofitted feasibly or economically. Where building retrofit is warranted, fund major renovation, and upgrades to permanent mission critical buildings that can readily support current and future missions. • BNL Indirect Funds: o o o o • Continue to defer major investments in 70-year-old wood buildings, while performing minimum maintenance to keep these buildings safe and operational. When opportunities arise, consolidate staff from these old wood structures and demolish them. To address some recent program space consolidation and other vacancies resulting from moves to the new ISB and NSLS-II facilities, BNL is developing a Space Consolidation Plan. The goals of this plan are to right-size the facilities by consolidating and vacating space, such that some buildings can be shut down for ultimate demolition and to ensure that the best condition space is used. At the same time, some programs are looking for additional space to meet their mission needs; this will be factored in the planning. Taking advantage of past consolidation efforts, BNL has demolished approximately 300,000 sf of substandard space over the past ten years. Work with DOE, local, and state regulators to prioritize environmental liability issues. Prioritize all proposed investments in infrastructure and ES&H and program them to maximize the value of BNL’s infrastructure, reduce risk, and support the science and technological programs. Use selective off-site leasing when needed. Other Funding: o o Where federal funding is not likely, pursue alternative financing for new buildings. BNL continues to investigate alternative financing and/or leasing opportunities to relocate staff from the WW-II era wood office buildings into a modern office building. BNL is considering the development of a new collaborative science and technology campus located within the site boundary. The objective of this campus (referred to as “Discovery Park”) is to promote synergistic efforts with industrial, academic, and other government agency partners, consistent with the Lab’s Discovery to Deployment agenda. Currently included for consideration are: enhancement of the educational mission through creation of the Portal to Discovery; smart-grid research at AEGIS; housing; and replacement of WW II-era wood office buildings. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 63 In response to the Laboratory’s scientific and technological priorities, infrastructure projects were formulated and will be included in the Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure Crosscut in order to maintain and upgrade missionessential facilities and to provide new ones, where warranted. Completing these projects will enable BNL to realize its mission and to meet the goals expressed in the Department of Energy’s Strategic Plan 2011. BNL expects that these projects will be funded from the following sources: • SLI Line Items: Over the next ten years, as part of the SC Infrastructure Modernization Initiative, BNL has proposed projects that will help to achieve mission needs identified as part of its Site Master Plan process. The projects can be categorized as those providing new modern facilities where it is not cost effective to rehabilitate and upgrade existing ones; those which will rehabilitate and upgrade permanent buildings where the functional layout meets current and anticipated program needs; and those which will modernize utilities to ensure continued high-reliability. o o New facilities: BNL has proposed an ISB complex consisting of three buildings to be constructed in phases. ISB-I was recently completed at a total estimated cost (TEC) of $66M; ISB-II, with a proposed project FY 2016 design start, has a TEC of $70M; ISB-III, with a proposed project start in FY 2019, has a TEC of $62M. Rehabilitation and upgrade of BNL’s major lab/office buildings: BNL proposed phasing this work over three projects (RSL-I, -II, and -III). RSL-I (TEC $18M) impacted portions of B480 and B815 and was completed in FY 2012. For RSL-II ($50M), CD-3B was granted June 2011 and the construction contract was awarded July 2011. The project impacts B510 and B555. Phase III (TEC $74M) is not scheduled to start before FY 2020; current planning is to continue the upgrade of B510 and B555, but other needs will also be explored, such as repurposing the NSLS building and relocating the Instrumentation Division. • Program Line Items: In addition to SLI-funded Line Items, BNL is constructing the BES program-funded NSLS-II project. The conventional facilities portion ~$300M consisting of the ring and support building completed in FY 2012; five Laboratory/Office buildings were completed in FY 2013, adding 619k sf. A small beamline extension is under construction with completion expected in early FY 2014. The project included funds to improve the associated infrastructure. Although adjusted downward consistent with overall budget forecasts, IGPP projects will average $8.6M per year for the planning period (FY 2013 - FY 2022). These projects will help meet the immediate needs of BNL’s core capabilities and reduce the backlog of nonline item capital construction needs. • Indirect Funding: This includes maintenance regular maintenance, maintenance projects, and Deferred Maintenance Reduction (DMR) for FY 2013, which is $40.5M. This investment is expected to increase by ~ 3% per year starting in FY 2015. In addition, direct program funded contributions to building maintenance typically average several million dollars per year, further reducing backlogs. For FY 2013, so as not to significantly impact the science programs, consistent with the overall Mission Readiness, ~ $1M was shifted from various operating accounts into projects and some DMR funds were diverted to support the extraordinary one-time costs to move staff and equipment into the newly created space of the ISB-I project and the space renovated under the RSL-II project. In any given year, funds will be distributed among IGPP, DMR and operating expense projects to meet the most urgent needs, while maintaining the overall level of investment. • Environmental Liabilities: EM has committed to incorporating several SC assets into its cleanup program for disposition, but the timeline is uncertain. Included are B491, 650, 701, 810, & 811. Additional cleanup work will be accomplished in B801 and 830. Operation of current EM facilities and LTRA actions are planned to transfer to SC with BES funding in FY 2014. • Non-Federal Funding: This includes the Utilities Energy Savings Contract (UESC), which will be implemented this year. It will provide funding for utilities and building system improvements. NYS has committed some funding to begin the project planning for the SGRID3 project. Other opportunities will be explored as needed and identified. Attachment 2 contains the Site Master Plan vision at the end of the planning period. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 64 Trends and Metrics. BNL maintenance investment plans show a steady increase in the Asset Condition Index (ACI) (Figure 1). Maintenance funds are focused mainly on Mission Critical assets (Table 2). BNL expects to achieve a site wide ACI of 0.965, the long-term Federal Real Property Council target, by FY 2016 and maintain that level or higher. Mission needs are considered in the project prioritization process and favor Mission Critical facilities in funding decisions. With the focus on Mission Critical Facilities, the ACI for those facilities will be even higher. Using its mission readiness evaluations, BNL will determine if it makes sense to direct some indirect funds normally used for DMR to IGPP to reduce rehab and improvement cost once the ACI reaches the DOE target level. Current and projected future states of Mission Readiness are discussed above in the Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions section. Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) 2012 Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) IGPP GPP Line Items (SLI) Total Investment Estimated RPV 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 34.0 32.9 32.9 33.9 34.9 36.0 37.1 38.2 39.4 40.5 41.8 43.0 9.5 6.8 10.3 10.3 10.6 10.9 11.3 11.6 12.0 12.3 12.7 13.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.4 9.4 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.5 9.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.5 14.5 0.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 20.0 32.0 58.0 57.0 19.0 22.0 66.4 63.6 51.0 52.0 58.5 75.1 76.9 90.5 118.4 119.1 83.0 87.9 2,574 2,854 2,945 3,033 3,135 3,229 3,419 3,522 3,632 3,741 3,853 Estimated DM 107.0 108.6 107.3 100.4 95.9 93.3 90.2 86.7 82.6 77.9 80.3 Site-Wide ACI 0.958 0.962 0.964 0.967 0.969 0.971 0.974 0.975 0.977 0.979 0.979 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 140 1.000 0.990 120 0.980 100 0.970 80 0.960 0.950 60 0.940 40 0.930 0.920 20 0.910 0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 65 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Now In 5 years Mission Ready N M P C Key Buildings X X • 510 • 515,510 • 535 Particle Physics • 901,820 In 10 years Key Core Capability Objectives • ISB-III X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans • Host institution for U.S. particle physics with ATLAS; neutrino oscillation experiments; theory, including lattice QCD; observational cosmology • RACF Computing Facility; QCDCQ; and associated software • Detector development and low-noise microelectronics • AARD for next generation facilities; ATF Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap • B510 capital renewal, such as electrical & mechanical system end-of-life replacements, rehabilitation and upgrades to labs, is needed to meet program needs. Clean rooms are needed for detector R&D and fabrication (Note 1) • B515 expansion and an associated infrastructure upgrade were made to service the anticipated increasing demands on CPU power and disk storage capacity for both programs through ~2020. Continuing power and cooling infrastructure needs to support increased computing capacity throughout the coming decade may well exceed BNL infrastructure funding levels; reliable alternate power feeder also needed (Note 2) • B535 facility upgrades or replacement, such as clean rooms and general capital renewal, are needed to support detector fabrication, etc. (Note 3) • B820 ATF program expansion is limited, move to B912 being planned • B901&902-no major gaps Action Plan Laboratory IGPP • Data Center Improvements, B515 (FY15-18) (Note B) • B535 HVAC Improvements for Clean Room (FY12) (Note C) • Upgrade Printed Circuit Board Facility, B535 (FY19+) (Note C) • Semiconductor Detector Develop Lab, B535 (FY19+) (Note C) • Sensor Characterization & Special Projects Lab, B535 (FY19+) (Note C) DOE SLI • RSL-II, B510 (FY10) (Note A) • ISB-III (FY20+) • RSL-III (FY20+) • Central Computing Building (FY20+) (Note B) Non-Cap Operating • B510 Air Handler AC-6 Replacement (FY16) (Note A) • B510 Move-In Support (FY13-14) (Note A) 66 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Now Nuclear Physics Mission Ready N M P X In 5 years • 197 • 510,535 X In 5 years • 515,510 • 900& 1000 Bldgs. In 10 years Now C Key Buildings X X • 510,703, 725,832, 830,902 X • 535,911, 912 • 820, 911 Accelerator Science & Technology • 901 • 902 In 10 years X • 930 • Various • RHIC (Various Bldgs) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Key Core Capability Objectives Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap • Relativistic heavy ion physics & polarized proton spin studies; scientific case & R&D for EIC; nuclear theory, including high temperature lattice QCD; RBRC • High temperature lattice QCD computing; RACF; QCDCQ; and associated software • RHIC experimental complex • B510-Note 1 • B515-Note 2 • B535-Note 3 • B911-renovation of several areas to improve operations (Note 4) • RHIC-consolidate older facilities into upgraded & more efficient facilities; needed to improve operational efficiency & reduce DM. New facilities will be needed at several locations (Note 6) • Accelerator design, including RHIC, NSLS, and NSLS-II • Superconducting RF technology; energy recovery linacs; innovative electron cooling techniques; stochastic cooling; and highintensity polarized electron guns • Advanced accelerator concepts at the ATF & research in high brightness beams and novel free electron sources; development of next generation hadron therapies • R&D toward future muon collider/neutrino factory • High temperature superconducting magnets • Electron Beam Ion Source • Joint BNL/SBU CASE • B510-Note 1 • B535-Note 3 • B911-Note 4 • B912-Note 5 • B901,902 & 820-no major gaps • B703-No major gaps • B725-no major gaps • B817-No major gaps • B820 ATF programs expansion is limited, move to B912 being planned • B832-No major gaps • B930 major capital renewal needs Action Plan Laboratory DOE • B510-Note A • B515-Note B IGPP • B924 Renovate for Operational Efficiency Ph II(FY16-17) • Renovate Tech Shop & Clean Room, B912 (FY12-14) Non-Cap Operating • B911 Renovation (FY15-18) (Note D) • B930 Chiller Replacement (FY15) • B510-Note A • B535-Note C • B911-Note D SLI • B510 -Note A • RSL-III (FY20+) • Central Computing Building (FY20+) (Note B) Program Line Item • eRHIC project (TBD) • B510-Note A • B912-Note E 67 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Time Frame Mission Ready N M Now X In 5 years X • 480,510, 703 (ISB-I) • 725 • 735 • 515 X • 480, CFN • 480 • B740-747 In 10 years X In 5 years • 555 • 725 • 735 • 515 • B740-747 X In 10 years Climate Change Science C • 480, 735 Now Chemical and Molecular Science P Key Buildings X Now X • 490 In 5 years X • 490 In 10 years X • 490, 815 • 490,815 • 815, 725 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Key Core Capability Objectives • Fundamental studies of complex materials through materials synthesis, advanced characterization, and theory; research at the gap between basic and applied science • BNL-led Center for Emerging Superconductivity and EFRCs on excitonics and photovoltaic efficiency • NSLS • CFN • BG/Q • Inst. for Adv. Electron Microscopy • PLD, MBE • NSLS-II • Fundamental experiments, theory, and computation in heterogeneous-, electro-, and photo-catalysis, electrochemistry, chemical dynamics, and radiation chemistry, ACER; applied fuel cell electrocatalysis • NSLS • CFN • BG/Q • NSLS-II • Partnership in the ARM Climate Research Facilities, designing and conducting global change experiments • Formation, growth, and optical properties of clouds and aerosols and 3-D cloud reconstruction • Physics-based Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory • B480-no major gaps • B703-recent rehabs closed gap • B725-no major gaps • B735-no major gaps • B515-no gaps for BG/Q • B734(ISB-I)-new bldg., construction started FY10 • B740-747(NSLS-II), new bldg., conventional construction complete in FY13 Non-Cap Operating • Relocation Support for CMPMS move to ISB-I (FY13) • B555-significant capital renewal & fire protection upgrades needed. Space to consolidate computers and swing office and lab space is needed to facilitate the RSL-II SLI project (Note 7) • B725-no major gaps • B735-no major gaps • B515-no gaps for BG/Q • B740-747(NSLS-II), new bldg., conventional construction complete in FY13 Non-Cap Operating • B555-Move-In Support Post RSL-II (FY13) • RSL-II Companion Project, B555 (FY1012) • B490-needs major capital renewal (e.g. elect & mech. systems). Need better computing space. • B815-most gaps being addressed in RSL-I • B725-no major gaps • B515-no gaps for BG/Q Non-Cap Operating • Replace Roof “C” Wing, B815 (FY14) IGPP • Computer Room Upgrade, B490 (FY17) DOE SLI SLI • RSL-II, B555 (FY10) (Note F) • RSL-III, B555 (FY20+) SLI • ISB-II (FY15) 68 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready N M P C Key Buildings • 515 • ISB-II Biological Systems Science Now X In 5 years X • 421,463,7 5,73B74047 • 490,555,9 01,906,560 ,535 510 • 463,ISBII In 10 years X • 463,958 • 463 Now Applied Nuclear Science & Technology In 5 years In 10 years • 931,902,9 11,912 • 197 X X • 197,815 • 750,197 • 130 X • At SBU FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Key Core Capability Objectives representations of climaterelated atmospheric processes • Climate change impact on plant systems • Consequences of CO2 sequestration on molecular scale geology at NSLS • BG/Q • Structure/function relationships using molecular biology & structural biology and biological imaging (NSLS, NSLS II, CFN, cryoEM) • PET radiochemical tracers and imaging technology for monitoring biological processes, including plant metabolism • Metabolic engineering of plants for biofuels and biobased products • Effects of radiation on living systems, including NSRL • Computational Biology • Medical applications: BLIP, RCMS (conceptual), possibly CIRC • Nuclear safeguards & security, nuclear nonproliferation, materials protection & control; NNDC • Advanced radiation detector R&D, including CZT prototype detectors • RAP • Energy policy, next Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap • B421-69 years old, needs replacement • B463-needs major capital renewal, including replacement of greenhouses • B555- Note 7 • B725–no major gaps • B735-no major gaps • B490-needs major capital renewal • B901-no major gaps • B906-no major gaps • B560-no major gaps • B535-Note 3 • B510-Note 1 • B958-no major gaps • B462- Conversion to high bay labs needed • B931-no major gaps, some DMR needs • B902-no major gaps, some DMR needs • B911-Note 4 • B197-69 year old wooden bldg. needs replacement, move staff to Alt. Financed Nat’l Security Bldg. • B421-68 years old, needs Action Plan Laboratory DOE • B535-Note C • B510-Note A IGPP • Greenhouse Replacement (Partial) (FY12) • B555 Lab/Office Renovation, East Wings (FY19+) • B535-Note A • B510-Note C • B555-Note F SLI • ISB-II (FY15) Operating • B555-Note F • B911-Note D IGPP • Solar Energy Research Support Labs, B526 (FY12-19) Other • Radiation Detector Facility, B462 (FY1416) • Alt Financed Office Building (TBD) 69 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready N M P Now X In 5 years X Applied Materials Science & Engineering In 10 years Chemical Engineering Now X In 5 years X In 10 years C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap generation reactors, materials in extreme environments, and assessment of nuclear energy in the U.S. energy future • NYEPI replacement • B815-gaps being addressed in RSL-I • B750-annex portion, no gaps • B130-69 year old wooden bldg. needs replacement. Move staff to Alt Fin Office building • Strongly correlated/complex materials (including films grown by MBE) and nanomaterials for • 480,510 renewable energy 703,734 technologies; materials and nanomaterials for energy • 515, storage and solar fuels 480,725 • Characterization by X-ray 735,740& neutron scattering at NSLS 747 & NSLS II, electron – spectroscopy, -microscopy, & -diffraction, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and X nanoprobes, supported by theory and modeling, and • 526,815 studies of nanoscale ordering • LISF, & assembly research • Solar energy generation & array electrical energy storage (future) technologies • LISF, future solar research array • 526,555 • Design of efficient catalysts for sustainable chemical conversions • 725 • Characterization at the NSLS, including using the • 740X 747,735,51 tools of the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium 5 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Action Plan Laboratory DOE • Alt Financed National Security Building (TBD) Under Evaluation • Cyclotron Isotope Research Center site prep (CIRC) • See Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science • See Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science • B526 –most labs need major rehab • B815 – select labs need rehab IGPP • Solar Energy Research Support Labs, B526 (FY12-19) • Upgrade Labs 114 and 114A for microscope, B480 (FY13) • See Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Third party • Research array • See Chemical and Molecular Science • B526 –most labs need major rehab • See Chemical and Molecular Science IGPP • Solar Energy Research Support Labs, B526 (FY12-19) • See Chemical and Molecular Science 70 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready N M P C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap • NSLS-II, CFN, BG/Q Now X In 5 years X Systems Engineering & Integration In 10 years Now LargeScale User Facilities/ Advanced Instrument ation In 5 years In 10 years X X • 725 • 735 • 820 • 703,725,8 17 830,832,90 2 • 510,535 902,911, 912 • 510,902 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Laboratory DOE • B555 Lab/Office Renovation, East Wings (FY19+) • Components for NSLS • CFN • ATF • NSLS-II • See above for details (Lab plans already shown) • Components for RHIC, RHIC-II, eRHIC • Components for International Facilities (LHC, Daya Bay) • 480, 902 • Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage systems • Components for Future • 510,535,I X Facilities (LBNE, LSST) SB-III • Components for Muon • 901 Collider/Neutrino Factory • Site under • AEGIS Center evaluation • 725 • NSLS • 735 • CFN • 740-747 • NSLS-II • 820 • ATF • 900 & • RHIC/AGS, RHIC-II, 1000 eRHIC future Bldgs. • 515 • RACF • 958 • NSRL • See systems engineering • 535,197 and integration for 815,ISBobjectives related to Particle X I,ISB-III Physics R&D & planning • LISF • State-of-the-art detectors & electronics Action Plan • See above for details (gaps for all buildings already listed) Planning Funds for design and planning for SGRID3, which includes the Advanced Electrical Grid Innovation & Solution Center (AEGIS) facility committed by NYS • See above for details (DOE plans already shown) • See above for details (Lab plans already shown) • See above for details (gaps for all buildings already listed) • Need for low cost power IGPP • Furnish B744 and 745 • Lab Office Upgrades, B742 (FY14-17) • Lab Upgrades, B745 (FY17) • See above for details (DOE plans already shown) Operating • Rehab Motor Control Centers (FY10-15) 71 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready N M P C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives • LISF Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory DOE • Replace Outdoor Dist Panels (FY14-16) • Rehab AGS Pwr. Dist Sys Fan House A (FY15-17) • Rehab AGS Pwr. Dist Sys Fan House B (FY15-17) • Rehab AGS Pwr. Dist Sys Fan House C,D,E (FY15-17) 3rd Party (NYS & other sources) • Alt. Financed Office Bldg. (FY15) • Continue to work with NYS to maintain low cost power • LISF Planning Funds for design and planning for SGRID3, which includes the Advanced Electrical Grid Innovation & Solution Center (AEGIS) facility committed by NYS General Notes N = Not M = Marginal P = Partial C= Capable Capital renewal is replacement (like-in-kind) of bldg. systems such as roof, HVAC, electrical equipment, & interior finishes, including ceilings & flooring Key Building Notes ISB-I Interdisciplinary Science Building -I - B734 ISB-II Interdisciplinary Science Building-II - Will be B733 ISB-III Interdisciplinary Science Building -III - Will be B732 AGS A series of buildings all in the 900s FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 72 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready N M P C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory DOE RHIC A series of buildings all in the 1000s & AGS & B901A NSLS-II National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)-II - B740-747 Gap Notes 1. 510 - Capital renewal, such as electrical & mechanical system end-of-life replacements & rehabilitation and upgrades to labs, is needed to meet program needs. Clean rooms are needed for detector R&D and fabrication 2. 515 - Expansion and an associated infrastructure upgrade were made to service the anticipated increasing demands on CPU power and disk storage capacity for both programs through ~2020. Continuing power and cooling infrastructure needs to support increased computing capacity throughout the coming decade may well exceed BNL infrastructure funding levels; reliable alternate power feeder also needed 3. 535 - facility upgrades or replacement, such as clean rooms and general capital renewal, are needed to support detector fabrication, etc 4. 911 - renovation of several areas needed to improve operations 5. 912 – no major gaps, building being repurposed 6. RHIC - consolidation from older less desirable facilities into upgraded and more efficient facilities is needed to improve operational efficiency and reduce DM 7. 555 - significant capital renewal, part will be addressed in RSL II Action Plan Notes A See Particle Physics for details of 510 projects B See Particle Physics for details of 515 projects C See Particle Physics for details of 535 projects FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans D E F See Nuclear Physics for details of 911 projects See Nuclear Physics for details of 912 projects See Chemical and Molecular Science for details of 555 projects 73 Real Property Capability Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Current Facility and Infrastructure Gap N M P C Laboratory Action Plan DOE Work Environment Post Office 1941 wood building, location of future ISBII Many support groups remain in WWII-era wood buildings X Offices X Cafeteria X General maintenance-related backlog Recreational/Fitness X General maintenance-related backlog IGPP: Upgrade B462 for Post Office/Mail Room (FY15-16) 3rd Party: Alt. Financed Office Building (FY15) Operating: Asbestos Abatement, B488 (FY17+) Operating: Roof replacement, Gym (FY12) IGPP: Alt. Financed Office Building (FY15) IGPP: Eyewash & Safety Shower Improvements ( (FY09-16) None None None None X With expanding staff and guests due to NSLS-II and CFN, need more capacity Safety & Health X Physical improvements needed for full compliance and to meet Best Management Practice ADA Modification X Improvements to meet ADA standards in public areas and as needed for specific accommodation Operating: Misc. modifications for None ADA (FY11-18) X WWII-era buildings with general maintenance-related backlog. Right-size housing by implementing the recommendations of the Housing Study which was part of the Infrastructure Blueprint Project Other: Looking for partnering opportunities off-site (e.g. Workforce Housing) None X WWII-era building, annex in separate location should be consolidated 3rd Party: Alt. Financed Office Building (FY15) None Child Care Operating: OSHA Corrective Actions (FY11-18), Identification of Asbestos Containing Material (FY10-18), Electrical Panel Labeling (FY09-18), Disposal of Legacy Radioactive & Nuclear Material (FY09-18) None None User Accommodations Visitor Housing Site Services Library Medical X General maintenance-related backlog No major projects None Examination & Testing X General maintenance-related backlog No major projects None FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 74 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Action Plan Current Real Property Capability Facility and Infrastructure Gap N M P C Laboratory DOE General maintenance-related backlog and Maintenance & Fabrication X No major projects None further consolidation needed General maintenance-related backlog. Small addition to provide better cleaning facilities IGPP: B50 (Security) Replacement for infection control. Security alarm station Fire Station / Alarm Station X or possible consolidation with Fire None building is a fifty-eight year-old wood Station. Further evaluation needed building operated 24/7 and will require replacement. IGPP: Warehouse Office Storage X General maintenance-related backlog None Addition, B98 (FY10-12) Conference and Collaboration Space Auditorium/Theater X General maintenance-related backlog No major projects None Facility upgrades and expansion of central IGPP: Conference Center Conference Facility X None conferencing facility needed. Addition, B488 (FY18+) SLI: ISB-I (FY09) & ISB-II Collaboration Space X X No dedicated facilities No major projects (FY15) - spaces incorporated Utilities Capital Lease-to-Ownership: New New telephone system needed to allow for phone system (FY11-15) Communications X expansion and obsolescence. Additional None IGPP: Fiber Network Upgrade fiber-optic needed in several buildings (FY09-18) Equipment is beyond its normal service life. Some, due to system changes, is also overOperating: Rehab 480V & M.V. dutied based on recent system evaluation. Equipment such as low and medium voltage Circuit Breakers (Various) (FY11circuit breakers have low operations and can 18), Remote Racking Equip, Electrical X Substation 603, BUS 1&3 be maintained as long as trip units are replaced. Remote tracking of these breakers (FY18+), Replace Over-Dutied Electrical Equipment (Various) in some locations is needed to reduce arc(FY11-18) flash exposure operational risks. Some underground 13.8kV distribution cable beyond useful life. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 75 Real Property Capability Water Petroleum/Oil Gases Waste/Sewage Treatment Storm Water Chilled Water Steam Flood Control Road & Grounds Parking (surfaces and structures) Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Action Plan Current Facility and Infrastructure Gap N M P C Laboratory IGPP: Well 12 (FY14-15), Some improvements to iron reduction system Replace Well 4 (FY16-17) are needed at the Water Treatment Plan; X Operating: Paint 300,000 Gal None elevated water tanks require painting to extend service life. In addition, some of the Elevated Water Tank, B49 (FY15), Well 11 Emergency Generator older iron water mains require replacement. replacement (FY15) X No major gaps No major projects None X No major gaps No major projects None Address new standards concerning metals IGPP: New GW Recharge Basins, X None removal in discharge STP (FY11-14) IGPP: Storm Water Improvements X Some areas flood in heavy rains None (FY18+) IGPP: Central Chilled Water Phase II (FY10-12), Chilled Water Tower Addition (FY12-13), Additional capacity estimated at 2,000 tons is Chiller Water Line Improvements, needed to meet new planned loads. Existing B515 (FY18+) central plant equipment is nearing end of X None service life. Distribution system can be GPE: Chiller Addition, B600 expanded to additional buildings as an (FY12) alternative to chiller replacement as they reach service life. Operating: Replace Chillers, B600 (FY11-16), Replace CCWF Cooling Tower (FY18+) Some upgrades and repairs needed to BNL’s IGPP: Convert Boiler 1A To oldest boiler, 1A. Steam plant exterior shell Natural Gas (FY18+) needs rehabilitation. Sections of steam X distribution system and associated Operating: Steam System Rehab condensate return system are leaking and Site wide (FY09-18+), Boiler 1A need replacement. Some steam distribution Retube Front Half (FY18+) manholes need to be rehabilitated. X See Storm Water See Storm Water None FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X General maintenance-related backlog Operating: Repaving (Various) (FY11-18+) DOE None 76 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Action Plan Current Real Property Capability Facility and Infrastructure Gap N M P C Laboratory IGPP: Main Gate & Access General maintenance-related backlog, some Roadway (FY18+) Roads & Sidewalks additional sidewalks needed to improve None X (improved & paved surfaces) safety, new main entrance road, and Operating: Repaving (Various) associated Police Guard Stations (FY11-18+) Grounds X None No major projects None Security Infrastructure(Baseline Level of Protection) Current facility functionally capable, but improvements needed, including improved IGPP: Main Gate & Access Main Gate X None protection for guards, additional lighting, and Roadway (FY18+) improved electrical service Current facility is a trailer with temporary IGPP: Main Gate Trailer Visitors Center X None toilet facilities. Replacement (FY11-12) Current facility is a WW-II era wood Police Headquarters X IGPP: Security Building (FY18+) None building. IGPP: Hazardous Material Protection Security Improvements (FY11-15), Security Alarm & Needed improvements to address potential Site Security X Video At CSF (FY13-14), Alarms None physical security vulnerabilities at Electrical Distribution Centers (FY14), Security Communications Towers (FY15) N = Not M = Marginal P = Partial DOE C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 77 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 78 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Mission and Overview Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is America’s particle physics laboratory. Fermilab inspires the world and enables its scientists to solve the mysteries of matter, energy, space and time for the benefit of all. The laboratory’s 1,750 employees and more than 4,000 scientific users drive discovery in particle physics by building and operating world-leading accelerator and detector facilities, performing pioneering research with global partners, and transforming technologies for science and industry. Fermilab is the only Department of Energy national laboratory that operates accelerator facilities for particle physics research. The laboratory’s complex of seven particle accelerators is one of the largest in the world, producing intense particle beams used to explore neutrinos and ultra-rare processes in nature. Fermilab integrates U.S. universities and other national laboratories into the global particle physics enterprise, serving as a U.S. hub for research at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland and leading dark-matter and dark-energy experiments located in the United States, Canada, Chile and Italy. The laboratory’s R&D infrastructure and technical expertise advance particle accelerator and detector technology for use in science and society. Fermilab is evolving its site and suite of facilities to meet the needs of the next generation of researchers. In FY 2013 a Campus Master Plan will set 10-year goals for site development, and the Technology Applications Program and Illinois Accelerator Research Center will embark on a program to transform particle physics technologies for greater societal benefit. The laboratory’s core skills include experimental and theoretical particle physics, particle astrophysics and accelerator science; R&D for accelerator and detector technologies; the construction and operation of largescale facilities; and high-performance scientific computing. The laboratory operates particle accelerators and particle detectors; test beams for detector development; test facilities for accelerator research and development; and large-scale computing facilities. Fermi Research Alliance manages Fermilab for the Department of Energy. FRA is an alliance of the University of Chicago and the Universities Research Association, a consortium of 86 universities. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Lab-at-a-Glance Location: Batavia, Illinois Type: Single-program laboratory Contractor: Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Responsible Site Office: Fermi Site Office Website: www.fnal.gov Physical Assets: • 6,800 acres and 362 buildings • 2.4 Million sf in buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $1,755 million • 0 sf in 0 Excess Facilities • 0 sf in Leased Facilities Human Capital: • 1,757 FTEs • 10 Joint faculty • 56 Postdoctoral researchers • 0 Undergraduate and 0 Graduate students • 4,300 Facility users • 32 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): ASCR, $0.6 Other SC, $4.319 WFO, DHS, $5.7 $0.1 NP, $0.5 HEP, $413.6 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $424.8 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $ 419.1 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $5.7 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 1.35% FY 2012 Total DHS Costs: $0.0 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $25.8 million 79 Fermilab’s 6,800-acre site, much of which is open to the public, is located 42 miles west of Chicago in Batavia, Illinois. Core Capabilities Fermilab’s mission is to drive discovery in particle physics by: • • • building and operating world-leading accelerator and detector facilities performing pioneering research with global partners transforming technologies for science and industry Fermilab’s three core capabilities—particle physics, accelerator science and large scale user facilities/advanced instrumentation/computing—uniquely combine to support both the laboratory’s particle physics mission and the DOE Office of Science’s mission to foster, formulate and support forefront basic research programs that advance the fundamental understanding of matter and energy. The table below illustrates elements that support the three core capabilities. Table 1. Key elements that support Fermilab’s three core capabilities. World-Leading Synergies Particle Physics Accelerator Science Large Scale User Facilities Theory X X X X X Accelerator Technologies Advanced Instrumentation X X X Simulation X X X Data Analysis & Distributed Computing X X X Systems Integration & Operations X Project Management X The laboratory’s core capabilities integrate and leverage Fermilab’s scientific and engineering expertise and leadership, particle accelerator, detector, and computing facilities and technology, and national and international partnerships to answer deep and long-standing questions about the fundamental nature of matter, energy, space and time. Fermilab deploys a range of sophisticated tools and techniques to answer these questions and to discover new physics phenomena at three interrelated frontiers of particle physics: • The Intensity Frontier, where intense particle beams, such as those produced by Fermilab’s accelerator complex, reveal new physics. • The Energy Frontier, where high-energy particle colliders are used to discover new particles and directly probe the architecture of the fundamental forces of nature. • The Cosmic Frontier, where underground experiments and ground- and space-based telescopes are used to uncover the natures of dark matter and dark energy, and high-energy particles from space are used to investigate new physics phenomena. Fermilab is also developing the competency and capacity necessary to become a leader in project development and execution and to deliver a large portfolio of projects that enable its core capabilities. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 80 Global facilities for particle physics research are ever more challenging to design, build and operate. As the only United States laboratory that operates facilities for particle physics research, Fermilab keeps the United States scientifically competitive with other regions of the world and provides continuing opportunities for strong international partnerships and contributions to the U.S. and global scientific programs. 1. Particle Physics. Fermilab’s scientific program uniquely supports the U.S. physics community by providing world-leading research opportunities at the three frontiers of particle physics. Intensity Frontier experiments with neutrinos and muons are the primary focus of the laboratory’s accelerator-based research program in this decade. Experiments using neutrino and muon beams from Fermilab’s upgraded accelerator complex will serve several thousands of users a year. These experiments can indirectly discover new physics phenomena at very high energies and provide information crucial to interpreting discoveries made at the Large Hadron Collider. At the Energy Frontier, Fermilab will use its scientific, computing and technical leadership to maximize the discovery potential of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The laboratory will continue to play key roles in Cosmic Frontier experiments that seek to understand the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Neutrino and muon research in this decade is a platform for a world-leading, broader research program at a next-generation accelerator facility that Fermilab is developing for operation beginning in the 2020s. This multi-megawatt proton accelerator, named Project X, would be the most powerful and flexible Intensity Frontier accelerator facility anywhere in the world. It would provide intense beams of neutrinos, muons, kaons and nuclei simultaneously to multiple forefront experiments. Fermilab’s theoretical physics group makes essential contributions to the Fermilab mission by guiding and performing high-caliber experiments and elucidating experimental results in particle physics and astrophysics, emphasizing the connection between theory and experiment. In the course of addressing defining questions in particle physics and delivering DOE’s high-energy physics mission, Fermilab educates future generations of scientists. Every year laboratory facilities are used to train about 250 postdoctoral research associates and 540 graduate students from across the country and around the world, resulting in more than 100 Ph.D. degrees awarded yearly. Fermilab also contributes to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education with a broad program for undergraduate university students and K-12 students and teachers. Intensity Frontier - Neutrinos: Fermilab’s upgraded accelerator complex produces the world’s most powerful high-energy and low-energy neutrino beams. These beams support a suite of neutrino experiments on the Fermilab site and in Minnesota. The study of neutrinos has attracted much worldwide attention following the revolutionary discovery 15 years ago that neutrinos spontaneously change type. This discovery pointed to new physics phenomena at energies much higher than those that can be discovered at particle colliders. It also raised challenging questions about the fundamental workings of the universe that Fermilab’s intense beams and associated experiments are needed to answer: • Does the neutrino mass spectrum resemble the spectra of the quarks and the charged leptons, or is it inverted? The answer to this question will shed light on the origin of the masses of all elementary particles, and potentially on the evolution of the early universe. The NOvA experiment, which will start taking data in 2013, will explore this question. NOvA will also independently confirm, using a different approach, recent surprising results from an experiment using a Chinese nuclear reactor that point to a high value for a parameter, θ13, whose specific value strongly influences the rest of the worldwide neutrino physics program. • Do the interactions of leptons, a category of particles that include neutrinos, violate charge-parity (CP) symmetry? The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the universe could not have developed without a violation of CP symmetry. CP symmetry violation has already been seen in quarks, but at a level insufficient to explain the observed cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry. Its violation in neutrinos may be the missing ingredient. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE), currently being developed, is designed to discover and study the neutrino mass spectrum and CP violation in neutrino oscillations. LBNE will also provide a broader physics program that includes the search for proton decay, studies of supernova neutrinos, and atmospheric neutrino physics. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 81 • Do new neutrino-like particles exist that are not predicted by the Standard Model, the present theory that describes the known elementary particles and their interactions? Do the known neutrinos participate in new, non-Standard-Model interactions? Might the study of neutrinos yield other surprises? The completed MiniBooNE experiment showed evidence that suggests that new neutrino-like particles, called sterile neutrinos, may exist. Starting in 2014, MicroBooNE, now under construction, will explore this evidence in a new way and help develop the liquid-argon technology on which LBNE will depend. MINOS+, the next stage of the successful MINOS experiment that precisely measured the neutrinos’ mass differences, will constrain or find evidence for non-Standard-Model physics. • What are the rates of interaction of neutrinos with various nuclei? The interaction rates of neutrinos with the nuclei used in targets that produce them are currently poorly known. The operating MINERvA experiment measures the rates that other experiments must know before they can deduce neutrino oscillation probabilities. Physics goal 2011 2013 2015 Search for CP violation Determine mass hierarchy NOvA Sterile neutrino sector Appearance MiniBooNE MicroBooNE Disappearance MINOS+ Establish framework Precision mass difference MINOS Neutrino interaction rates with nuclei MINERvA Precision measurement of θ13 through appearance NOvA 2017 2019 2021 2023 LBNE LBNE Figure 1. Timelines and physics goals of Fermilab neutrino experiments. Intensity Frontier – Muons: Muon experiments provide another path to discover new physics phenomena. Portions of Fermilab’s accelerator complex are currently being reconfigured to create intense beams of muons for two experiments that would operate late this decade. Mu2e will search for the conversion of muons to electrons. This major experiment will be sensitive to new physics at energies several orders of magnitude higher than those reachable by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. The Muon g-2 experiment will precisely measure a property of muons called the anomalous magnetic moment. This experiment will investigate previous experiments’ hints that the muon’s magnetic moment may be different than that predicted by the Standard Model. If true, that would be an indication of new physics. Energy Frontier – Particle colliders: Over the next two decades, Fermilab will use its unique particle physics capabilities to advance research at the Large Hadron Collider’s CMS experiment. The laboratory’s Remote Operations Center and LHC Physics Center ensure highly effective participation and contributions of U.S. institutions in the LHC and in CMS. Fermilab will play key roles in planned upgrades to the CMS detector and LHC accelerator, with significant CMS upgrade activities being carried out at the Fermilab site. The laboratory continues to support the full exploitation of the large datasets collected by the Tevatron experiments over their 25-year lifetime. Fermilab’s accelerator and detector R&D programs create technologies that will enable the next generation of particle colliders. Cosmic Frontier – Dark matter and dark energy: Fermilab is a critical partner in a number of worldleading cosmic frontier experiments. The laboratory manages the construction and operation of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) and the Chicagoland Observatory for Underground Particle Physics (COUPP) that search for particles of dark matter. In 2013 Fermilab completed construction and deployment of the camera for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) that investigates the properties of dark energy and will begin its scientific mission later this year. The laboratory also leads the Pierre Auger Observatory that studies the source and nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. (This core capability enables the laboratory to support the DOE’s Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission (SC 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, and 35) and is funded by the DOE Office of High Energy Physics.) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 82 2. Accelerator Science. Fermilab’s extensive experience and expertise in accelerator science and technology underpins accelerator-based particle physics research in the United States. Nearly half of Fermilab’s staff members are directly engaged in the research, design, development, engineering and operations of particle accelerators. The laboratory’s accelerator science activities, while focused on particle physics, are increasingly being applied more broadly in the service of the goals of the DOE’s Office of Science, for industry and for society. Accelerator Technology. Fermilab performs world-leading research, design, development and engineering of key technologies that form the basis for present and future particle accelerators: superconducting high-field magnets that control and bend particle beams; the radio-frequency cavity technology to accelerate them; the ionization cooling required for future muon-storage-ring-based accelerators; and advanced beammanipulation technologies. Accelerator technology R&D benefits from the laboratory’s comprehensive infrastructure and superconducting magnet capabilities. o o o Fermilab is a leader in the development of high-field magnets based on superconducting materials. The effort to develop these high-field magnets has been supported nationally by the LHC Accelerator Research Program and at Fermilab by the High-Field Magnet Program. The breakthroughs achieved by Fermilab in the construction of magnet coils made of Nb3Sn, a next-generation material, now form the basis for multiple LHC accelerator upgrade programs planned for 2017-2021. Laboratory staff also now develop materials and magnets capable of reaching the even higher fields required by future accelerators and other magnet applications. Fermilab provides U.S. leadership in the development of high-gradient superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology. This next-generation technology to accelerate particle beams will underlie Project X, Fermilab’s proposed multi-megawatt proton accelerator, as well future electron linear accelerators. SRF technology, developed within the International Linear Collider R&D program, has the potential to benefit U.S. science beyond particle physics. It is well suited to the needs of future high-repetition-rate x-ray laser applications, such as the Next Generation Light Source. Fermilab scientists and engineers lead U.S. technology development for the ionization cooling required for muon-storage-ring-based facilities, supply integrated design concepts for a future Muon Collider and neutrino factory, and use dedicated test facilities to advance the fundamental understanding of beams and their manipulation. Fermilab provides leadership for the national Muon Accelerator Program, a collaboration of 16 national laboratories and universities. MAP manages the development of future facilities including the Muon Collider and a neutrino factory. This work features strong cooperation with companies funded by the DOE’s Small Business Innovation Research program. Accelerator Science. Fermilab thrusts in research and development in accelerator and beam physics include: o o o o o Advanced beam studies performed at Fermilab’s operating accelerators to optimize accelerator performance. Energy-deposition simulations, including the upgrade, maintenance and distribution of the MARS simulation code that is a resource to the worldwide community. Theory of beam instabilities in current and future accelerator facilities and the development of new techniques for compensation of beam-beam effects. Experimental studies of ground-motion effects in accelerators and electron-cloud effects in high-intensity proton beams. Theory development and experimentation on new collimation and cooling methods. Starting in 2013, facilities built at Fermilab for the development of SRF technology will simultaneously be used for tests of this technology and as an accelerator science user facility. This user facility will be a center for advanced accelerator R&D activities including novel beam-manipulation techniques, high-performance electron-source and diagnostics development, and advanced beam-cooling tests and test of novel, non-linear accelerator lattices. Fermilab leads the multi-program funded ComPASS (Community Petascale for Accelerator Science and Simulation) collaboration that is developing a comprehensive computational infrastructure for accelerator modeling and optimization. ComPASS advances accelerator computational capabilities to support DOE priorities for the next decade and beyond. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 83 Accelerator Education and Training. Fermilab carries out a comprehensive program for training of the next generation of accelerator scientists and engineers. The new Illinois Accelerator Research Center, to be completed in early 2014 with funds from a State of Illinois grant, will significantly enhance the accelerator science education program at Fermilab. The current program includes hosting the U.S. Particle Accelerator School, a national consortium, which holds two sessions a year for undergraduate and graduate students. Undergraduate students in the Lee Teng Internship program, graduate students in the joint universityFermilab accelerator Ph.D. program or the Bardeen Fellowship, and post-graduates in the Peoples Fellowship program receive training in accelerator science, technology and engineering at one of the world’s forefront accelerator laboratories. (This core capability enables the laboratory to support the DOE’s Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission (SC 4, 5, 6, 24, 25, 26, 33, 34, and 35) and is funded by the DOE Offices of High Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics, Basic Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing Research.) 3. Large Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation. Large Scale User Facilities. For more than four decades, Fermilab has designed, constructed and operated a very-large-scale user facility and hosted international scientific collaborations for particle physics and particle astrophysics. Research at Fermilab has led to many discoveries, including the top quark, bottom quark, tau neutrino and detailed properties of charm and bottom quark systems, as well as numerous precision measurements such as the world’s best determination of the W boson and top quark masses. Today, Fermilab is home to one of the largest accelerator facilities in the world, including a complex of seven particle accelerators and infrastructure for the development of accelerator technologies. More than 4,000 users each year, including 540 graduate students, advance their research with Fermilab accelerator, experimental and computing facilities. In 2012 laboratory facilities supported 4,300 users, 2,200 of whom visited the Fermilab site for their research and 2,100 who used the laboratory’s computing infrastructure. Fermilab’s user facility includes its extensive complex of particle accelerators and detectors. NuMI and the Booster create the world’s highest-power neutrino beams that serve the MINOS and MINERvA neutrino experiments and a beamline for detector R&D. NOvA, a second-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment, and MicroBooNE, a second-generation short-baseline neutrino experiment are under construction. A test beam supports the international particle physics community in developing advanced detector technologies. Fermilab has established conceptual designs and begun technology development for future projects that include Mu2e and Muon g-2, which will study rare processes using muon beams; LBNE, a third-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment.; and Project X, a multi-megawatt proton accelerator for an assortment of Intensity Frontier physics experiments. Advanced Instrumentation. Fermilab develops cutting-edge particle detector technologies and applies them to the construction of detectors for a variety of scientific disciplines. Past achievements include the development of dedicated-readout integrated circuits and very low-mass silicon detectors for collider experiments, and the development of scintillator detectors now used in a wide array of particle physics experiments. The Fermilab silicon detector facility also played a major role in the development and assembly of the CCD detector for the camera for the Dark Energy Survey. Fermilab also supports the international particle physics community in developing detector technologies through its test-beam facility. Current advanced instrumentation projects include: o o o o o three-dimensional vertical integrated silicon technology and silicon-based multi-pixel photon detectors for future experiments; an ultra-cold bolometric detector for dark-matter searches; liquid-argon technology for neutrino and dark-matter detectors; picosecond time-of-flight systems; and versatile, integrated data acquisition systems. Computing. Fermilab’s computing leadership and resources enable the particle physics community to deliver world-class scientific results. Fermilab staff are internationally recognized experts in programming languages, high-performance computing and networking, distributed-computing infrastructure, petascale scientific data FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 84 management, physics simulations and scientific visualization. Fermilab supports large-scale computing, datamanagement, and data-analysis facilities for the Tevatron experiments; the CMS experiment and the LHC Physics Center; the Sloan Digital Sky Survey; the Dark Energy Survey; neutrino and rare-process experiments; and computational cosmology. Fermilab is a leader in the Open Science Grid multi-disciplinary distributed computing infrastructure. Fermilab also hosts the following major computing projects: o CMS Tier-1 Center – The scientific challenges of particle physics require data storage, networks and processing power on an extreme scale. The CMS experiment uses a distributed computing model, in which seven national Tier-1 centers and more than 40 university- and laboratory-based Tier-2 computing and storage facilities distribute, process and serve data. Fermilab’s CMS Tier-1 center is the most powerful Tier-1 center worldwide for the 3,000-member, 41-country CMS experiment. o Lattice QCD computing – Quantum Chromodynamics describes how quarks and gluons interact via the strong force and predicts the properties of hadrons. Such predictions require the numerical simulation of QCD on a lattice of space-time points, known as Lattice QCD, which uses massive computing resources. Fermilab builds and operates large clusters of computers for Lattice QCD as part of the national computational infrastructure for the Lattice QCD project established by DOE. Fermilab is also a participant in a DOE SciDAC-2 program devoted to the improvement of software for lattice gauge computing. o FermiGrid – Grid computing evolved as an extension of distributed computing to satisfy the growing data needs of science, industry, government and commerce. Grid computing involves the distribution of computing resources among geographically separated sites, thus creating a "grid" of computing resources. Fermilab operates a large Grid Computing Facility with shared resources for data processing, storage and analysis provided to the Fermilab experiments. The laboratory makes these computing facilities available to other scientific organizations in a secure manner through the Open Science Grid. (This core capability enables the laboratory to support the DOE’s Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission (SC 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, and 35.) and is funded by the DOE Office of High Energy Physics.) Science Strategy for the Future Fermilab’s focused scientific mission, coupled with its extensive accelerator and detector facilities and R&D infrastructure, keep the United States a world leader in particle physics research. As the only DOE laboratory operating large-scale facilities for particle physics, Fermilab’s program provides opportunities for international partners to participate in and contribute to particle physics facilities in the United States. Fermilab operates worldleading user facilities based on intense beams of particles. The laboratory’s accelerator complex provides the world’s most powerful high-energy and low-energy neutrino beams that support experiments in Illinois, in Minnesota, and in the future in South Dakota. Fermilab played a scientific, computing and technical leadership role in the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Its leadership role at the LHC continues, with support for the U.S. CMS community and leadership of the U.S. contribution to CMS detector and LHC accelerator upgrades. Fermilab is also a critical partner in a number of dark matter and dark energy experiments. Fermilab’s strategy for the future sets the trajectory for the United States to lead the world in scientific research with intense beams of particles. Building on Fermilab’s current world-class neutrino-beam facilities and experiments, the plan will double neutrino-beam intensity, create muon beams and launch a new set of neutrino and muon physics experiments in this decade. Continuation of the nation’s leadership role into the 2020s and beyond requires a major investment in the construction of new user facilities at Fermilab, including the LongBaseline Neutrino Experiment and the Project X proton accelerator. A unique user facility at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator will push accelerator science and technology forward. The Technology Applications Program and Illinois Accelerator Research Center will leverage laboratory resources and capabilities toward application of particle physics technologies to problems of national importance in energy, medicine, security and industry. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 85 Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities & Infrastructure. Fermilab’s 6,800-acre site is located 42 miles west of Chicago in Batavia, Illinois. Laboratory assets include 362 buildings and 70 real property trailers comprising 2.4 million gross square feet and hundreds of miles of utility infrastructure including roads, electrical, natural gas, industrial cooling water, potable water and sanitary systems. The total real property replacement plant value (RPV) is $1.8B, including the laboratory’s programmatic accelerator and tunnel assets. All of the laboratory’s buildings are used and owned by DOE; the usage is predominately divided among research and development space and administrative areas. Detailed property information associated with all assets is maintained in the DOE’s Facilities Information Management System real property database and available onsite through Fermilab’s Geographic Information System. Fermilab’s most significant infrastructure needs are improvements to its high-voltage electrical system and underground piping systems, with their overall facility conditions both categorized as poor. Investments to improve these systems over the next several years have been proposed through General Plant Projects (GPP), Science Laboratory Infrastructure (SLI) and third-party investments. The delay of SLI funding for these utility upgrades (initially slated to start in FY 2011) created a mission readiness status of “Partially Capable” for utility infrastructure. This Utility Upgrade Project (UUP) was included for funding in DOE’s FY 2013 budget, but the year-long continuing resolution further delayed the start of this project. It is proposed for full funding in the FY 2014 President’s Budget Request and the project team remains ready to execute the UUP. Based on the delay, utility infrastructure is now rated as “Marginally Capable” in this plan due to the risk to the scientific program, particularly to the Mu2e experiment, should further delays occur. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $842,402,829.94 $912,663,356.85 $1,755,066,186. 79 $45,773,183 6,800 0 0.946 # Building Assets 92 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 10 20 # GSF (Bldg) 968,860 0.911 Mission Critical Mission Asset Condition Index (B, 0.988 270 59 17 1,383,105 Dependent 1 S, T) Not Mission 0.99 0 1 0 0 Dependent 99.37 36 58 598,854 Office 99 87 9 372,102 Warehouse Asset Utilization Index (B, 99.67 126 0 776,097 Laboratory T) 2, 3 0 0 0 0 Hospital 99.21 62 0 138,462 Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. # GSF (Trailer) 11,937 68,744 980 75,393 4,932 0 0 0 Facilities and Infrastructure to support Laboratory Missions. The size and scope of the major initiatives discussed earlier in this document require considerable investment in new facilities and infrastructure as well as improvements to existing infrastructure. Fermilab’s utility infrastructure is rated poor using real property criteria and, as a result, places laboratory operations at risk. The laboratory’s current mission needs are being met with existing buildings whose condition is excellent based on the same real property criteria, but which are inefficient due to being geographically dispersed and serving functions for which they were not designed. Additionally and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 86 while the current condition of buildings is rated as excellent as a function of deferred maintenance and replacement plant value, the laboratory has not had sufficient funding to complete all necessary repairs and maintenance on buildings. Fermilab’s most critical infrastructure vulnerabilities are its high-voltage electrical and industrial cooling water systems. SLI funding proposed as part of the Office of Science’s FY 2013 budget plan would address the most critical improvements to these systems and ensure sound infrastructure for the laboratory’s future scientific program. The full-year continuing resolution prevented the SLI Utility Upgrades Project from starting. Without funding and a start in FY 2014 for the project, ongoing laboratory operations and the future scientific programs are compromised and electrical safety improvements cannot be realized. Additional investments in the laboratory’s utility infrastructure will be necessary to accommodate ongoing operations and future mission needs. When siting future projects, Fermilab’s Facilities Engineering Services Section (FESS) works closely with experimental planning groups, project teams, the laboratory’s Master Planning Task Force and the Directorate’s Office of Integrated Planning and Performance Management to efficiently use existing utilities capacity or expand such facilities. Deferred maintenance requirements of the laboratory’s utility infrastructure (Other Structures and Facilities) currently comprises 87% of the site’s total FY 2012 Deferred Maintenance backlog, or $40M of a total $45.6M. The existing buildings meet the current operational and experimental needs of the laboratory, operating with an Asset Utilization Index of 99.0% (Excellent). Repurposing efforts at several facilities continue to allow the lab to meet programmatic needs without increasing the footprint through new construction. Coordinated management efforts identify and meet building facility needs through re-assignment, modernization and construction of new facilities using GPP. Construction of the Liquid Argon Test Facility in the Neutrino Campus is nearing completion and will initially house the MicroBooNE detector. The Muon Campus’ MC-1 building is expected to start construction later this spring, and, when complete, will support the Muon g-2 project and future muon experiments. The Industrial Facilities Consolidations SLI project, which would modernize and consolidate several machine shops and crucial accelerator and detector technology activities and demolish legacy buildings, remains part of the SLI funding program at some point in the future. Two additional SLI candidates have been identified during development of the Campus Master Plan. These projects are part of the lab’s long-term development strategy and would locate personnel and activities closer to the main-campus area. The projects would minimize investment in our oldest facilities, lead to future disposition activities, and achieve cost savings and efficiency improvements by reducing travel times. Record flooding in April 2013 throughout northern Illinois forced the laboratory to close for a period of 17 hours. During this time, around-the-clock efforts by critical lab personnel kept the two primary electrical substations and industrial water pumping station from flooding and prevented prolonged closures and substantial impacts to scientific operations. The single sanitary lift station on the east side of the lab was flooded for five days curtailing use of the sanitary system in this area. Damage repair estimates are underway and flood recovery is expected to last for several weeks as electrical equipment is repaired and replaced. As part of the ongoing master planning efforts, technical facilities in the village that were flooded are proposed for consolidation and relocation to the central campus area under future SLI projects. Tables 4 and 5 depict the Mission Readiness status of Facilities and Infrastructure in support of the laboratory’s core capabilities. The status reflects the overall results of the discussions with landlords and input from the Directorate. Capability gaps are identified for management consideration and mitigation, as reflected in the table. The mission readiness status of all core competencies is summarized as “Mission Capable” for the current period and in five years based in part on construction completion of the Liquid Argon Test Facility, and the start of construction for the Muon Campus. The capability to meet the mission at the 10-year horizon is rated as “Partially Capable” due to the need for consolidation and centralization of dispersed and inefficient facilities through the SLI program. Infrastructure readiness, however, has been adversely affected by the deferment of SLI funding for the Utility Upgrades Project initially slated to start in FY 2011. The continued delay of this project has resulted in a mission readiness status of “Marginally Capable” for utility infrastructure. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 87 Strategic Site Investments. Facilities and infrastructure needs are identified by a variety of mechanisms, including the Integrated Condition Assessment program. The Directorate, as supported by the Facilities Engineering Services Section, analyzes landlord input to create the mission readiness scores identified elsewhere in this plan. Identified capability gaps are evaluated and programmed for accomplishment via appropriate funding mechanisms including SLI, GPP, third-party investment or operating funds. • • SLI Modernization Initiative. Two Fermilab projects to address infrastructure modernization needs are to be funded by the Office of Science’s Science Laboratory Infrastructure (SLI) initiative. Each project helps to satisfy urgent infrastructure requirements and ensures that Fermilab is prepared to meet current and future mission capabilities. o Utility Upgrade Project (UUP) (Total project Cost [TPC] of $34.9million with FY 2014 start). The high-voltage system work includes replacement of legacy oil switches with air switches and replacement of the Master Substation. Unit substations may also be replaced since much of the equipment is at the end of life and replacement parts are not available. Improvements are also included for the industrial cooling water system (ICW), a critical system that provides fire water supply for building sprinkler systems and hydrants and provides water for experimental cooling. o Industrial Facilities Consolidations (TPC of $33.8 million with undetermined start). This project consolidates multiple machine shops into one state-of-the-art machine shop and demolishes legacy Butler buildings that house the existing shops. This facility also allows modernization and relocation of crucial accelerators and detector technology development activities. GPP. Table 2 summarizes the laboratory’s best understanding of future year GPP funding levels based on information from the Office of High Energy Physics (OHEP) and the laboratory's plan for infrastructure improvements. Small programmatic enhancements continue to be funded through the GPP program. Projects funded with FY 2012 and FY 2013 funds include the outfitting of the Office, Technical & Education Building of the Illinois Accelerator Research Center; construction of the new Muon Campus (MC- 1) building; the Master Substation Bypass project; and designs for the Domestic Water Upgrades and CDF life safety upgrades. Requests for GPP facilities and infrastructure alteration and improvement funding are submitted annually through the Fermilab internal budgeting process and the annual GPP data call to Divisions/Sections/Centers. Additional urgent requests are also considered throughout the year. Needs are prioritized based on regulatory compliance and risk to safety, mission, environment and operational efficiency. Muon Campus development has been identified as an urgent laboratory priority to encourage the fasttracked Muon g-2 and Mu2e projects. General-purpose facilities to house muon detectors, provide highbay crane space, expand utilities, realign roadways and construct beamline enclosures are well into the planning/design stage and proposed for funding in FY 2013, FY 2014 and FY 2015. Site prep is already underway for the MC-1 building. Accelerator Improvement Projects (AIPs) are also being planned for new beamlines and cryogenic facilities. • Third-Party Investments. As discussed in the Section 4 of this plan, Fermilab, in conjunction with DOE, received a grant from the State of Illinois for construction and ownership of the Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC). Located on the Fermilab site, IARC will bring together scientists and engineers from Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois universities, and industry with the goal of making northern Illinois a center for accelerator technology R&D and encouraging the development of accelerator-based industry in Illinois. In collaboration with nearby universities, IARC will educate and train a new generation of scientists, engineers, and technical staff in accelerator technology. Several companies and university groups have already expressed their interest in IARC. A $20M grant from the State funded a large portion of the costs of constructing the Office, Technical and Education (OTE) building. In addition, Fermilab expects $13M of Federal funding from OHEP to be used for project initialization, site preparation, project oversight and outfitting of the newly constructed state building. Integral to IARC will be the refurbishment of an existing heavy assembly building (B0) that will provide critical technical space and additional office space. The project is well aligned with both the FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 88 accelerator-based research mission of Fermilab as well as OHEP’s Accelerator Stewardship mission. Risks include differences in state and federal requirements, coordination of Federal funding with State funding, and the normal risks associated with the construction of any building. Construction of the OTE building started in the fall of 2012 with completion scheduled for late 2013. Fermilab has completed a preliminary assessment for its next Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) review. The assessment included energy audits of all buildings, tunnels, and enclosures, as required by DOE every four years. This Preliminary Assessment resulted in the identification of several energy and efficiency opportunities that are currently being evaluated. They range from the more traditional energy conservation measures such as lighting, controls and HVAC to more site-specific opportunities for pond water cooling systems and cryogenic compressors. The assessment also considered measures needed to achieve the 20% energy reduction for the best candidates for Highly Performing Sustainable Buildings but the payback period was not cost effective. There were several transformational opportunities identified at a very high level, one of which may be further considered during the next Investment Grade Audit phase. This measure could assist in expediting operations for the Illinois Accelerator Research Center. In addition, this review provided an update of the lab’s assessment of renewable energy viability on site that is also required every four years, and addressed retrocommissioning in major facilities. Fermilab continues to investigate and pursue all available sources of funding for future development and investment in support of capital projects that help fulfill the laboratory vision as described in the Campus Master Plan. These include those described in the previous SLI Modernization Initiative section. • Maintenance. Facilities at Fermilab are assigned to a landlord who accepts responsibility for maintenance, recapitalization and process operations. In a hybrid maintenance program, the Facilities Engineering Services Section provides preventive and corrective maintenance for Fermilab’s conventional electrical and mechanical equipment while the landlord organizations identify, fund and accomplish the remainder of facility sustainment requirements. Centralized maintenance data scheduling and tracking activity, end-of-life replacements and no-maintenance-zone identification ensure coordinated and consistent application of lab maintenance. Future maintenance expenditures may continue to range around 2% of conventional replacement plant value and will be adjusted based on overall facility condition evaluations. A valve identification and maintenance program for the underground water systems is well underway with completion expected for the domestic water system in FY 2013. The Industrial Cooling Water (ICW) program will commence in FY 2013 and carry into FY 2014. • Deferred Maintenance. Fermilab’s total deferred maintenance (DM) decreased by $2.2M from the $48M reported in FY 2011 to $45.8M for FY 2012. Eighty percent of FY 2012 DM rests with Mission Critical Other Structures and Facilities (OSF), and 62% of the total site DM, $28.5M, is in the electric and industrial water distribution systems, validating the urgent need of the SLI Utility Upgrades Project. The delay of the SLI UUP required some critical work to be accomplished via GPP. It is expected that completion of the SLI UUP project will allow for a reduction of about $12M in utility DM . Fermilab recognizes that continued additional reinvestment will be required to control DM growth. Many of the GPP projects identified in the lab’s budget plan reflect the current goals for reinvestment, which attempt to maintain the overall condition of building components and infrastructure systems. As a singleprogram laboratory with a single source of funding, Fermilab’s GPP infrastructure expenditures support general-purpose assets. Routine maintenance responsibilities for OSFs are assigned to specific system owners, typically the Facilities Engineering Services Section. OSF assessments are periodically updated to represent their current operating condition. This ongoing process considers system or component age, efficiency, safety, environmental impacts, maintainability, failure history, locations and conditions found during repairs, current mission needs and future requirements. Utility owners also use Fermilab’s Geographic Information System to plan work and review system attributes. Utility system DM is due in large part to end-of-life conditions identified during ongoing inspections that validate increased deterioration of these FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 89 systems. Requirements for DM are identified and scoped by the system owner, and, if appropriate, prioritized for GPP funding based on risk levels associated with safety, mission, and environment and the probability of operational impacts from deterioration of a particular system. • Excess Facilities and the end of Tevatron Operations. Accelerator systems have been secured and stabilized following the end of Tevatron collider operations in September 2011. Various mechanical and electrical components have been reused, preserved in place, or removed in a phased approach that doesn’t affect possible reuse of the facilities. For example, possible future kaon experiments could use portions of the former CDF detector at B0 and one sector of the Main Ring tunnel to rebuild a sector of the Main Ring accelerator. Other areas of the Main Ring tunnel are being considered for long-term irradiated equipment storage. The CDF garage area at B0 will become part of the Illinois Accelerator Research Center, and the detector hall at D0 is being repurposed for construction of the MicroBooNE liquid-argon detector. The service buildings around the Main Ring are still operating for fire protection and other electronic purposes but have been listed in FIMs as mission dependent and are no longer mission critical. Certain electric loads are necessarily being maintained for dehumidification of the tunnel for equipment preservation, dewatering, and water circulation until such time as permanent disposition of all equipment and tunnel sectors are determined. As plans develop further, they will be vetted within the lab, the Fermi Site Office, OHEP, and the Office of Science and documented in future planning documents. Trends and Metrics. Fermilab’s mission is evolving from a focus on operation of the Tevatron Collider to the construction and operation of a suite of new projects at the frontiers of particle physics. With the mission readiness initiative, Fermilab is integrating long-term facility planning with mission planning, both at the overall laboratory level and the Division and Section level. As new mission elements are identified, this process will help assure that facility and infrastructure needs are considered early in the process and satisfied when required. The Mission Readiness Assessment Process was initiated at Fermilab during FY 2008. An initial overview assessment was conducted with the Directorate to evaluate technical facilities and infrastructure capabilities relative to the planned mission. The assessment results, reviewed annually to consider scientific priorities and planned investments, are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Building management responsibilities are assigned to landlord organizations at Fermilab, providing a costeffective and accurate means to insure that facility management investments are aligned well with mission needs while fulfilling the stewardship responsibility of efficiently managing, using and preserving real property assets. The projected trends for infrastructure investments and asset conditions are presented in Table 6 and Figure 13. Most significant is the projected increased investment in FY 2014 from the SLI Utility Upgrades Project that totals $34.9M to improve the reliability of high-voltage electric and industrial cooling water systems. Without the UUP certain adverse mission impacts will occur, resulting in the “marginally capable” mission readiness status for utilities. Additionally, as can be seen in the Deferred Maintenance (DM) row of Table 6 the DM is reduced significantly from this investment that improves the Asset Condition Index (ACI). Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) IGPP GPP Line Items (SLI) Third Party Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM Site-Wide ACI 2012 16.3 2013 16.9 2014 17.3 2015 18.5 2016 19.4 2017 20.0 2018 20.6 2019 21.1 2020 21.5 2021 22.6 2022 23.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 0 20 39.1 14.1 0 0 31.0 923.4 49.4 0.947 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 14.9 21.3 15.8 15.2 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 34.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67.1 39.8 35.2 35.2 36.1 36.6 37.0 38.1 38.9 969.6 1,001.3 1,029.4 1,053.0 1,077.3 1,131.0 1,170.1 1,197.0 1,244.5 52.8 53.5 57.3 51.5 52.1 49.7 51.7 53.8 26.0 0.946 0.947 0.944 0.951 0.952 0.956 0.956 0.955 0.955 90 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 80 1.000 70 0.990 0.980 60 0.970 50 0.960 40 0.950 30 0.940 0.930 20 0.920 10 0.910 0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Site-Wide ACI 91 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Core Capabilities Now X In 5 Years X In 10 Years X Now X In 5 Years X Particle Physics Accelerator Science In 10 Years Large Scale User Facilities / Advanced Instrumentation Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Buildings Objectives Gap Laboratory Mission Ready N M P C X Now X In 5 Years X In 10 Years X B� Assembly (ORKA), D� Assembly (LAr TPC), NM4 (Seaquest),MI6 5 & MINOS, NOvA, MiniBooNE, LAr test facilities, Muon Campus Meson Detector Building, NML, CMTF, Wide Band, IARC (including B� building), Industrial Facilities Accelerator complex, beamlines, experimental areas, SiDet detector development facility, Detector Test Beam Facility, FCC, GCC & LCC computing facilities DOE The facilities and infrastructure in support of this area are considered adequate. Additional investment in supporting infrastructure (both new and restoration or expanded capacity of existing systems) will be evaluated in each new experiment’s project scope. As needed, incremental infrastructure improvements and facility upgrades will continue to be supported with GPP investment. Consolidation and Centralization of dispersed inefficient facilities through the SLI program; related facility and infrastructure investments as needed for future experiments will be included in future plans. Develop the technology and design for future accelerators to expand the research capacity of high-energy physics, other sciences and industrial applications. The facilities and infrastructure in support of this area are considered adequate. Additional investment in supporting infrastructure (both new and restoration or expanded capacity of existing systems) will be evaluated in each new project scope. As needed, incremental infrastructure improvements and facility upgrades will continue to be supported with GPP investment. Thirdparty investment by the State of Illinois will construct IARC’s new building. Industrial Facilities Consolidation SLI will solidify R&D capability. Related facility and infrastructure investments as needed for future experiments will be included in future plans. Establish world-class scientific research capacity to advance highenergy physics including state of-the-art accelerators and beam lines. High-performance computing facilities to support particle physics research. Tevatron decommissioning and development of Mu2e, LBNE and Project X will usher in a new era of accelerator operations. Planning is underway to assure support facilities associated with managing and maintaining the accelerator complex are either incorporated into each project, or identified for other funding. The real property assets are considered adequate including the conventional portions of the underground asset. As needed, incremental infrastructure improvements and facility upgrades will continue to be supported with GPP investment. Consolidation and Centralization of dispersed inefficient facilities through the SLI program, facility and infrastructure investments as needed for future projects and will be included in future plans. Establish world-class scientific research capacity to advance particle physics. N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 92 Real Property Capability Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Current Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap N M P C User Accommodations X Site Services X Conference & Collaboration Space X Utilities Laboratory Master Substation, Industrial Cooling Water system piping, valves & pumping capacity; Electrical oil switches & unit substations; Domestic Water System GPP piping & valve replacements; Sanitary distribution system piping & lift stations X Action Plan Roads & Grounds X Reconstruction & resurfacing Security Infrastructure X Gate security improvements DOE Capability gaps closed by completion of SLI Utility Upgrades Project. GPP HSS N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 93 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map Aerial view of the Fermilab site showing facilities proposed for construction and removal in the Fermilab Campus Master Plan. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 94 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mission and Overview With a strong foundation in fundamental physical, chemical, biological, and mathematical sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has built unmatched multidisciplinary research capabilities that extend and integrate the scales of science to benefit the nation and the world. LBNL creates powerful research facilities to open and extend new realms of scientific inquiry. Its researchers conduct experiments in ultrafast soft X-ray science to engineer systems at quantum, atomic, and molecular scales; fabricate nanostructured materials and devices; and gain new insight into particle physics, nuclear physics, and cosmology. The Laboratory is harnessing the biology revolution to improve sustainable energy and environmental systems. It drives advances in computing to deal with massive data sets for energy science of scale. As a national laboratory with international impact, LBNL strives to continually strengthen its Core Capabilities, intellectual creativity, and rigorous safety culture. LBNL applies these strengths to our most pressing scientific and technical challenges to transform the world energy economy and to provide a sustainable future for humankind. LBNL provides critical national scientific infrastructure for university, industry, and government researchers. Major facilities include the Advanced Light Source (ALS), a world center for soft X-ray synchrotron-based science; the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscale-science user facility; the National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) for materials science; the Joint Genome Institute (JGI); the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), with high-performance computational science capabilities; the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), the Office of Science (SC) data and connectivity backbone; and the 88-Inch Cyclotron for nuclear science. LBNL also hosts DOE sustainable-energy collaborative centers, including the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), and the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR). LBNL fosters the creativity of outstanding individuals working across disciplines to deliver solutions to DOE challenges of scale and urgency. Founder Ernest Lawrence was the Laboratory’s first Nobel laureate and 12 other laureates have worked or are working at LBNL, and many more have had significant research associations. Seventy-eight current members of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine are affiliated with LBNL. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Lab-at-a-Glance Location: Berkeley, California Type: Multi-program laboratory Contract Operator: University of California Responsible Field Office: Berkeley Site Office Web site: www.lbl.gov/ Physical Assets: • 202 acres and 97 buildings • 1.628M sf in active operational buildings • Replacement plant value: $1.226 billion • 56,166 sf in 8 excess facilities • 345,397 sf in leased facilities Human Capital: • 3,395 FTEs • 236 Joint faculty • 499 Postdoctoral researchers • 173 Undergraduate and 320 Graduate students • 9,330 Facility users • 1,524 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): DHS, 5.1 WFO, 116.3 Other DOE, 18 ASCR, 89.8 NNSA, 7 BER, 140.1 EERE, 64.3 NE, 3.1 Other SC, 38.6 HEP, 59.2 BES, 167.4 FES, 5.1 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $742.1 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $620.7 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $116.3 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 16% DHS Costs: $5.1 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $62.5 million 95 Core Capabilities Each of LBNL’s Core Capabilities involves a substantial combination of people, facilities, and equipment to provide a unique or world-leading scientific ability to safely support DOE missions and national needs. Each is executed safely, with minimal impact on the environment and surrounding community. The descriptions below summarize the Core Capabilities, their targeted missions, and sources of funding. The Core Capabilities are mutually supportive to allow an exceptional depth to LBNL’s research portfolio, while maintaining an integration of efforts to better support DOE targeted outcomes. These Core Capabilities are grouped loosely into the following categories: User Facilities and Accelerator Science; Basic Energy Research; Biological and Earth Systems Sciences; High Energy and Nuclear Physics; Computing and Mathematics; and Applied Science and Energy Technology. 1. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. Since its inception, LBNL has had a Core Capability of designing, constructing, and operating leading scientific facilities for large user communities, both on the Berkeley site and elsewhere across the globe, including Antarctica — and even extending into space. The Laboratory’s highly recognized and experienced managers continue a record of success in handling $100-million-plus construction projects, and assembling experts in design and implementation of systems to support large-scale capital acquisitions. LBNL has the largest population of users among the national laboratories, and these users publish thousands of articles, many in high-impact journals. Below is a list of the Laboratory’s large-scale user facilities at or near the main Berkeley site. Core Capabilities in other sections, such as Basic Energy Research, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, and Applied Science and Energy Technology are key to the success of LBNL advanced facilities and instrumentation. LBNL’s Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a world-leading source for high-brightness soft X-ray and ultraviolet science, with additional excellent performance in the hard X-ray spectral region. The scientific challenges investigated at the ALS involve the understanding, predicting, and ultimately controlling matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. This underpins many DOE Core Capability areas, including those involving chemical, material, and biological systems. The ALS has roughly 2,000 users per year, with an annual budget of approximately $63 million and is funded primarily by DOE/Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES). The Laboratory’s National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) houses, among other instruments, the world’s two most powerful electron microscopes, each having the resolution of nearly 50 pm (roughly the radius of a hydrogen atom). The NCEM conducts fundamental research relating microstructural and microchemical characteristics to material properties and processing parameters, greatly advancing our understanding of defects and deformation; mechanisms and kinetics of phase transformations; nanostructured materials; surfaces, interfaces and thin films; and microelectronic materials and devices. The NCEM has roughly 275 users per year, with an annual budget of approximately $6 million and is funded primarily by DOE/BES. The Molecular Foundry is a state-of-the-art user facility providing significant advances in materials synthesis, simulation, fabrication, and characterization through leadership in nanoscience, with particular emphasis on combinatorial nanoscience, nanointerfaces, multimodal in situ nanoimaging, and single-digit nanofabrication. The Molecular Foundry has roughly 300 users per year, with an annual budget of approximately $20 million and is funded primarily by DOE/BES. LBNL’s DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) is the world's largest producer of plant and microbial genomes, with programs focused in three areas that include: the generation of DNA sequences, the development of innovative DNA analysis algorithms, and a growing strategic focus on functional genomics. The DOE JGI is a key element in providing the foundation for the Laboratory’s bioscience Core Capabilities, in particular in areas of biofuels, bioremediation, and climate science. The DOE JGI has more than 900 users per year, with an annual budget of approximately $69 million (FY2012) and is funded primarily by DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). The National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center is the high-performance production computing facility for SC, serving more than 4,000 researchers worldwide. The scientific impact of NERSC FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 96 computations is enormous, with multiple Nobel Prizes and more than 1,500 scientific publications per year. NERSC’s most capable system has a peak performance over 1 petaflop/s and its storage infrastructure is capable of holding of more than 200 petabytes of scientific data. This year, NERSC is installing a new highperformance system, NERSC-7. A new building under construction, the Computational Research and Theory Building, will provide an energy-efficient facility for future systems. The total FY 2012 funding for NERSC was $57.8 million. The sole funding organization for the NERSC Center is DOE/Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). In addition to the Center, the NERSC Division at LBNL manages the dataanalysis systems and support staff for the DOE JGI, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Daya Bay, and other high-energy and nuclear physics experiments. The Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) is a nationwide, high-speed network infrastructure optimized for very large scientific data flows, and dedicated to the mission of accelerating DOE science. ESnet provides connectivity for all major DOE sites, and interconnects them with more than140 research and commercial networks around the world. Tens of thousands of DOE-funded researchers at national laboratories and in universities depend on ESnet’s services every day. The network transports roughly 10 petabytes of traffic each month. As a result of the Stimulus-funded Advanced Networking Initiative (ANI), ESnet deployed the world’s first 100 gigabit-per-second continental-scale network. ESnet’s FY 2012 funding is approximately $34.5 million (DOE/ASCR). 2. Accelerator Science. Born as an accelerator laboratory, LBNL has maintained a leading capability in accelerator development for more than seven decades. The Laboratory has core expertise in the areas of insertion devices, ion sources, superconducting magnet technology, linear accelerators, synchrotron radiation sources, and linear accelerators. LBNL’s accelerator research efforts support revolutionary approaches to energy and biological science, environment science, the structure of matter at the smallest scales, and industrial research and product development. LBNL core strengths in accelerator science and technology have played a key role toward developing a Next Generation Light Source (NGLS), which will be a transformative tool for many fields of science. LBNL achieved CD-0 for the NGLS in April 2011. The proposed facility will consist of a high-repetition-rate source and a superconducting linac delivering high-brightness and high-average-power electron beams to an array of X-ray lasers. The free-electron lasers (FELs) will provide temporally and spatially coherent pulses with unprecedented soft X-ray average brightness, with individual lasers and beamlines optimized for specific applications requiring, e.g., high repetition rates, time resolution to the attosecond regime, high spectral resolution, tunability, and polarization control. LBNL programs in the development of high-repetition-rate electron sources, advanced FEL design, superconducting undulators, high-brightness electron beam control and manipulations, and laser systems for accelerator applications are critical to the NGLS and other light sources, and are coordinated with the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and other national laboratories. LBNL’s Accelerator Science programs greatly enable the photon-production systems into the femtosecond and attosecond regime and are being applied to large-scale facilities outside the Laboratory such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Other applications include a leadership role in the design of the FERMI@Elettra FEL facility in Trieste, Italy, and novel storage-ring design has kept LBNL’s ALS at the forefront of synchrotron light sources. In addition, the Laboratory’s undulator design capability has benefitted the LCLS-II at SLAC, and developments in superconducting undulators have the potential to greatly extend the performance of existing synchrotrons, thereby enabling a new suite of fourth-generation facilities that will provide brighter sources at reduced capital and operating costs. LBNL is the world leader in ultrahigh-gradient laser-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration technology, where it is producing high-quality GeV electron beams with compact accelerators and is on the verge of creating a new paradigm for high-energy particle accelerators. The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) project, completed in 2012, is enabling laser-plasma acceleration technology in discrete 10 GeV modules. BELLA has recently generated pulses of a quadrillion watts in 40 femtoseconds, a world record. This system is laying the groundwork for a future in which laser-based accelerators will provide very short wavelengths and time structures at nearly 1/100th of the physical size of existing particle accelerators. In addition to high-energy physics applications, this technology will enable the scientific community to probe matter as well as chemical and biological systems at their most fundamental levels. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 97 LBNL’s Ion Beam Technology (IBT) Group has significant expertise in developing both ion sources and lowenergy beam transport systems. The group is providing world-class accelerator front-end systems, such as that in the recently built Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL, and the Laboratory plans to deliver front-end systems for future SC projects such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University (MSU) and the proposed Project X at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). The IBT Group has developed novel, high-yield neutron generators recognized by R&D 100 Awards as well as numerous patents, and has recently extended its research to include gamma-generating devices for national security applications. LBNL’s superconducting magnet program is a center of excellence, pioneering novel design and fabrication techniques for high-field magnets employed in accelerator applications. The high-energy and nuclear-physics communities depend on the Laboratory’s expertise in this area and a recent successful application includes the first isolation of a significant mass of antimatter. Future applications will include neutrino science and the proposed development of a muon collider. LBNL’s state-of-the-art superconducting magnet capability is well integrated across all aspects of magnet development, including conductors, fabrication, and testing. This expertise is being applied across SC programs, most notably in support of the U.S. elements of the ITER Project. LBNL has been a leading partner in the Heavy-Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL) (with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL] and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory [PPPL]), providing leadership expertise in high-current induction linac technology for inertial fusion energy research. The HIFS-VNL Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II (NDCX-II) facility, funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, was completed in FY 2012. Should a subsequent experimental program be funded, NDCX-II could explore beam and target interactions for warm dense matter physics, however current plans close-out NDCX-II activities. The Accelerator Science and Technology Core Capability at LBNL is supported primarily by the High Energy Physics (HEP) and BES programs, with further sponsorship from the ASCR program, the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Defense (DoD), and other federal agencies. Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) funded NDCX-II to FY 2012. The research associated with Accelerator Science at LBNL primarily supports SC’s missions to conceive, design, and construct scientific user facilities; to probe the properties and dynamic of matter; to advance energy security; and to support DOE’s other scientific discovery and innovation missions. 3. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. LBNL focuses its world-class efforts in synthesis, characterization, theory, and simulation to discover and understand novel forms of matter and harness new properties. These efforts address global challenges in energy-related science such as solar energy conversion and storage, and carbon capture and sequestration. In the past year, an important focus has been on batteries for vehicular and grid applications. In this field, the Laboratory is developing new materials and increasing its understanding of mechanisms underpinning electrical energy storage. The Laboratory’s focus areas for this Core Capability include: (1) hard, soft, and bio-inspired nanostructures, nanocomposites, metal-organic frameworks, nanoporous materials, and nanoscale assemblies; (2) strongly correlated and other quantum and electronic materials; (3) time-resolved in situ structural studies and spectroscopy; (4) nanoscale imaging; and (5) the development of new theory and computational tools for understanding, predicting, and controlling complex materials at atomic- and electronic-length scales. LBNL’s leading efforts in nanoscience include the development of nanocomposite ion conductors and membranes; thermoelectrics to extract electrical energy from heat; combinatorial synthesis of nanocrystals; biomimetic polymer design, catalysts, hybrid materials that convert solar energy (photovoltaics, artificial photosynthesis, etc.), graphene nanoelectronics, nanowires, and nanotubes; molecular junctions; plasmonics; and nanophotonics. Strongly correlated materials are subjects of spin transport, magnetism, and superconductivity studies and include multiferroics and spin-polarized oxides, cuprates, pnictides, and other materials. Soft/organic materials include organic semiconductors, biomimetic materials, and hybrid bio- and polymer materials. The Laboratory’s focus includes the study of the physical and chemical properties of surfaces and nanocrystals. New characterization tools include custom scanning probe tips etched with plasmonic tips for near-field subwavelength imaging of heterogeneous materials at unprecedented length FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 98 scales. LBNL has recently developed precise control over the spin polarization of light emitted from excited topological insulators, holding promise for advanced spectroscopy and quantum computing. Theory and computation includes methods for materials-specific studies of electronic structure; for charge transport; for excited-state, strongly correlated, and time-dependent phenomena of novel materials, surfaces and interfaces, and nanostructures; for large-scale atomistic simulations; and for capabilities to study self-assembly dynamics of mesoscale assemblies. LBNL’s user facilities such as the ALS, Molecular Foundry, NCEM, and NERSC have leading capabilities in use-inspired basic research in advanced materials, including the development and characterization of novel materials for solar-energy conversion, energy-efficient window coatings, carbon-neutral fuel production, electrical energy storage, and carbon capture and sequestration. This Core Capability is primarily supported by BES with important contributions by ASCR, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), DHS, and DoD as well as other Work for Others (WFO) sponsors. The capability supports DOE’s missions to discover and design new materials and molecular assemblies with novel structures, functions, and properties through deterministic design of materials and atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule control, as well as other scientific discovery and innovation missions in energy technology and homeland security. 4. Chemical and Molecular Science. LBNL has world-leading capabilities in fundamental research in chemical and molecular sciences that support DOE’s mission to achieve transformational discoveries for energy technologies that benefit the nation while preserving human health and minimizing impact on the environment. LBNL has integrated theoretical and experimental Core Capabilities and instrumentation to enable the understanding, prediction, and ultimately the control of matter and energy flow at the electronic and atomic levels, from the natural timescale of electron motion to the intrinsic timescale of chemical transformations. LBNL has Core Capabilities and instrumental expertise in gas-phase, condensed-phase, and interfacial chemical physics in the form of laser systems; soft X-ray sources; photon and electron spectrometers; spectromicroscopy and other capabilities for studying transformations under realistic conditions; and imaging capabilities to advance understanding of key chemical reactions and reactive intermediates that govern combustion processes in realistic environments such as flames and engines. LBNL is a world leader in multicoincidence imaging instrumentation and theoretical methods that probe how photons and electrons transfer energy to molecular frameworks and provide critical knowledge in atomic, molecular, and optical sciences needed to understand and ultimately control energy flow in light-harvesting systems. LBNL is a leader in ultrafast probes of molecular excitations and transformations, including attosecond chemistry, enabling studies of electron motion that may lead to reaction engineering at the atomic scale. The LBNL catalysis capabilities include basic research on use of catalysts to perform homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical conversions with high efficiency and selectivity. This capability — combining experimental, theoretical, and computational modeling components — seeks to establish fundamental principles in catalysis and chemical transformations at the molecular level. Through research on both the catalytic center and its environment, and use of principles from biology and physics, this capability will advance the field from catalyst discovery to catalyst design. LBNL is a world leader in actinide and heavy element chemistry. The Heavy Elements Research Laboratory (HERL) has a unique capability in electronic structure, bonding, and reactivity of actinides, including the transuranic elements. LBNL has a unique resource in its scientific personnel and instrumentation to characterize, understand, and manipulate rare earth complexes for separation and discovery of alternative elements and critical materials, including materials for energy storage, motors, solid-state lighting, and batteries. LBNL has exceptional capabilities in solar photochemistry, photosynthetic systems, and the physical biosciences. Collectively, the photosynthesis and photochemistry capabilities elucidate the structure and elementary mechanisms of biological and artificial photon-conversion systems through the development of novel spectroscopies and imaging methods, ranging from X-rays to infrared at high temporal resolution. New capabilities for understanding natural photosynthesis will form a basis for the design of efficiently engineered FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 99 solar-conversion systems. Jointly with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), LBNL leads the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), the only energy hub in the nation focused on using artificial, environmentally benign, abundant materials for conversion of sunlight into carbon-neutral chemical fuels. LBNL is also one of the leading participants in the newly established Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), which builds on LBNL expertise in electrochemistry, with a focus of electrolytes, and the composition, stability, and performance of anodes, cathodes. In addition, LBNL leads the scientific community in the control and manipulation of the interaction of living and nonliving molecular systems by addressing the communication between live cells and organic/inorganic surfaces at the molecular level. The Chemical Dynamics and Molecular Environmental Science Beamlines at the Laboratory’s ALS provide the pioneering application of vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation to critical problems in chemical dynamics and interfacial chemistry. The Ultrafast X-Ray Science Laboratory (UXSL) develops laser-based ultrafast X-ray sources for chemical and atomic physics experiments and contributes to the knowledge base for future powerful free-electron laser (FEL)-based attosecond light sources. LBNL also has preeminent capabilities in molecular and isotopic geochemistry. Research focuses on fundamental aspects of liquid-solid and liquid-liquid interactions, employing synchrotron X-ray and mass spectrometric analysis, including molecular dynamics and ab initio computational approaches. Molecularscale studies are complemented by experimental and modeling studies of larger-scale systems, and include the physics as well as the chemistry of Earth materials. The Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 is an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), managed by the Laboratory, in which research is directed specifically at the molecular, nanoscale, and pore scales to reveal properties and processes that affect the transport of supercritical CO2 in subsurface environments. This Core Capability is supported primarily by BES, with important contributions from ASCR. Other DOE contractors and WFO enable this Core Capability. This capability supports DOE’s mission to probe, understand, and control the interactions of phonons, photons, electrons, and ions with matter; to direct and control energy flow in materials and chemical systems; as well as other scientific discovery missions. 5. Chemical Engineering. At LBNL, this Core Capability links basic research in chemistry, biology, and materials science to deployable technologies that support energy security, environmental stewardship, and nanomanufacturing. Leading capabilities are provided in the fields of chemical kinetics; catalysis; molecular dynamics; actinide chemistry; electronic, biomolecular, polymeric, composite, and nanoscale materials; surface chemistry; ultrafast spectroscopy; crystal growth; mechanical properties of materials; metabolic and cellular engineering applied to recombinant DNA techniques that create new chemical processes within cells; and new methodologies for genomic and proteomic analysis in high-throughput production that enable gene libraries that encode enzymes for metabolic engineering. The Laboratory’s expertise in carbon cycling, reactive-flow transport in porous media, mineral kinetics, and isotopic signatures is applied to programs in carbon capture, environmental remediation, geothermal energy, and oil and gas production. Other components of the program provide the capability to translate fundamental research in catalysis, chemical kinetics, combustion science, hydrodynamics, and nanomaterials into solutions to technological challenges in energy storage and efficiency as well as environmental monitoring. LBNL has expertise in chemical biology and radionuclide decorporation needed to characterize mammalian response and develop sequestering agents for emergency chelation in humans in case of heavy-element or radioactive contamination. LBNL user facilities provide unique national assets to the chemical engineering community. The Molecular Foundry enables synthesis, fabrication, characterization, assembly, and simulation of nanostructured materials, linking knowledge discovery to the engineering of advanced manufacturing processes and device development. The ALS provides spectroscopic characterization of materials and reactions that are highly useful to design and engineering. The unparalleled imaging capabilities of NCEM are used to characterize the impact of materials processing on structure, and the SofTEAM microscope will extend these capabilities to both soft materials and soft-hard interfaces for high-value materials and device manufacturing. LBNL’s expertise in applied mathematics and energy technologies has resulted in groundbreaking 3-D simulations of laboratory-scale flames that closely match experiments. These simulations, with innovative mathematics, are FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 100 unprecedented in the number of chemical species included, the number of chemical processes modeled, and size of the flames. This Core Capability is supported by BES, ASCR, BER, EERE, and WFO, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), DoD, universities, and industry. The capability supports DOE’s missions to foster the integration of research with the work of other organizations in DOE and other agencies. This research applies directly to DOE’s energy security and environmental protection mission, including solar energy, fossil energy, biofuels, and carbon capture and storage. 6. Biological Systems Science. LBNL has pioneered and sustains leading capabilities in systems biology, genomics, synthetic biology, structural biology, and imaging at all length scales (from protein structure to terrestrial scales). LBNL is also a national leader in microbial biology, cell biology, plant biology, microbial community biology, and computational biology. The Laboratory’s biological systems science capability is further enhanced by instrumentation at the ALS, DOE JGI, Molecular Foundry, NERSC, JBEI, and smallerscale facilities for the study of metabolomics and proteomics. LBNL has the capability to characterize, in detail, complex microbial community structure and function; to manage highly complex biological data; to visualize biological structure; and to produce large-scale gene annotation. These foundational capabilities enable biological systems science in bioenergy, global environmental analysis, and environmental remediation. In bioenergy science, LBNL leads JBEI and is a partner in the University of California (UC) at Berkeley-led Energy Biosciences Institute. These institutes provide complementary work in the development of energy crops, enzyme and microbial discovery, and microbial engineering for the production of transportation biofuels. The newly constructed Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit (ABPDU), an EERE-funded user facility, provides the capability for scale-up of biofuels pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation methods. LBNL’s terrestrial carbon sequestration and ecosystem modeling seeks to enhance models of carbon cycling for better predictions of soil carbon, including the study of grasslands, from genomes to ecosystem function. The LBNL-led Scientific Focus Area — Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies (ENIGMA) — which is funded by BER, targets the biological remediation of contaminated sites, and has developed numerous methods for the analysis of biological systems, from molecules up to whole microbial communities, and via the MicrobesOnline system provides computational genomic and metabolomic analysis for the greater scientific community. LBNL’s DOE JGI and Biological Data Management and Technology Center developed the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) data-management and data-analysis system, a community resource for comparative analysis and annotation of genomes, along with the Integrated Microbial Genomes with Microbiome (IMG/M). Additionally, DOE JGI continues to improve its main portal, which provides the global user community easy access to all genomes that DOE JGI has sequenced. Other DOE JGI bioinformatics assets include Phytozome, collaboration with the UC Berkeley Center for Integrative Genomics, to facilitate comparative genomic studies among green plants; and MycoCosm, which integrates fungal genomics data and analytical tools. In partnership with Argonne, Oak Ridge and Brookhaven National Laboratories, the LBNL-led DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) was recently formed as a resource for the biosciences research community. This capability is designed to accelerate the understanding of microbes, microbial communities, and plants. It is a community-driven, extensible, and scalable open-source software framework and application system. KBase offers open access to data, models, and simulations, enabling scientists and researchers to build new knowledge and share their findings. Apart from allowing integration of core resources such as MicrobesOnline, SEED, ModelSEED, Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST), and Metagenomics RAST (MGRAST), it provides the facility for any user to integrate data or computational resources into a common framework. KBase is building community ties to the DOE JGI, the Bioenergy Research Centers, the major biological Scientific Focus Areas (SFAs), and to various biological user communities to ensure it serves its users’ needs. The first public beta was released in 2012 and the first production release occurred in early 2013. LBNL radiochemistry and instrumentation competencies include radiochemistry, novel scintillators, probe development, and data analysis. Radioisotope production makes use of the Biomedical Isotope Facility, and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 101 LBNL positron emission tomography (PET) radiochemists transform radioisotopes into forms used as labeling agents and develop imagers for positron tracers in plants. LBNL low-dose radiation capabilities integrate cell and molecular biology, genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, 4-D imaging, and bioinformatics to determine responses to low-dose radiation. These include adaptive responses, nontargeted responses, genomic instability, genetic susceptibility, and epigenetic regulation in relation to cancer. BER is the primary sponsor of this Core Capability; other key sponsors include the NIH, DoD, industry, and other WFO sponsors. This Core Capability supports DOE’s mission to: (1) obtain new molecular-level insight into the functioning and regulation of plants, microbes, and biological communities for cost-effective biofuels; (2) make fundamental discoveries at the interface of biology and physics to address DOE’s needs in climate, bioenergy, and subsurface science; (3) develop advanced molecular- and systems-level mechanistic understanding of the interaction of low doses of ionizing radiation with biological systems to provide a scientific underpinning for future radiation-protection standards; (4) leverage DOE computational capabilities across BER programs and coordinate bioenergy, climate, and environmental research across DOE’s applied technology offices as well as other agencies; and (5) provide high-throughput genomic sequencing and analysis for the DOE science community and collaborating agencies. 7. Environmental Subsurface Science. LBNL integrates world-recognized subsurface science and microbiological expertise to quantify, monitor, simulate, and manipulate subsurface processes relevant to DOE environmental and energy missions over a hierarchy of scales, ranging from nanometers to kilometers. A hallmark of this Core Capability is the multidisciplinary and multiscale approach, where research is performed along four key thrust areas: (1) quantification of coupled subsurface processes (hydrological, microbiological, geochemical, thermal, geomechanical) using theoretical and laboratory- to field-scale experimental approaches; (2) imaging and monitoring of subsurface processes using molecular, synchrotron, geophysical, and isotopic methods; (3) developing, advancing, and implementing subsurface multiphysics, high-performance computing flow, and transport simulation capabilities; and (4) developing advanced approaches to manipulate subsurface fluids and reactions. Integration of research performed across these four components enables LBNL to develop the scientific underpinnings that DOE needs to optimally manage environmental and energy systems. Examples of research questions that require such integration include: How does information in a genome influence contaminant stability and, in turn, how do soil and subsurface characteristics (stratigraphy, fluids, minerals, groundwater fluxes, organic matter) impact smaller-scale biological functioning? Can geomechanical and geophysical understandings guide the implementation of pressure-enhanced production of geothermal energy or storage of CO2 with predictable seismicity? SC supports several large, multidisciplinary environmental subsurface science projects. The BER-supported Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge site at Rifle, Colorado, involves approximately 25 investigators and the BER-supported Subsurface Biogeochemistry SFA includes roughly 30 investigators; this SFA is the second largest in the DOE complex. The overall mission of these BER projects is to improve the predictive understanding of subsurface flow and transport of environmental contaminants from cell to plume scales, with a recent consideration of using this unique subsurface expertise to improve systems-level quantification of biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. LBNL has the largest BES Geosciences program across the complex. BES Geosciences supports 21 LBNL investigators involved in three core efforts that address fundamental challenges associated with subsurface geophysical imaging, isotope geochemistry, and experimental/theoretical geochemistry. BES Geosciences also supports an EFRC at LBNL that focuses on quantification and nanoscale control of CO2 in deep subsurface systems; about 34 scientists are involved in this EFRC. The DOE Energy offices also support several large, team-based LBNL subsurface environmental research efforts. DOE Fossil Energy (FE) supports geologic carbon sequestration research at LBNL that focuses on quantifying trapping mechanisms, CO2 leakage risk assessment and impacts, and demonstration projects. The DOE Geothermal Technologies Program supports 17 (individual but linked) LBNL projects in which theory, field, experimental, and numerical approaches are used to explore for and develop enhanced geothermal systems. LBNL is one of three laboratories leading the development of the DOE Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM) platform, a high-performance subsurface flow and transport simulator that can be consistently used across the DOE complex. The Nuclear Energy (NE) program supports LBNL research focused on evaluating the behavior and long-term performance of waste forms and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 102 disposal systems using coupled experiments and multiphase numerical simulation capabilities. DOE FE also supports several methane hydrate research projects at LBNL. The DOE-sponsored research is complemented by several significant WFO projects, such as the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) Unconventional Resources and Tight Gas Sands Program (which is closely aligned with DOE FE). The BP-sponsored Energy Biosciences Institute supports LBNL’s advancement of microbially enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, and several hydrocarbon exploration companies support the advancement of geophysical reservoir imaging methodologies. A variety of unique facilities are used to support research in the environmental subsurface capability, including: the Center for Environmental Biotechnology, the ALS suite of environmental beamlines, the Center for Isotope Geochemistry, the Geosciences Measurement Facility, the Center for Computational Geophysics, the Environmental Applied Geophysics Laboratory, the Geochemical-Geophysical Computing Cluster, the Molecular Foundry, NCEM, and NERSC. 8. Climate Change Science. LBNL has developed a highly integrated climate program to understand the forcing and response of the Earth’s climate system. LBNL scientists collect comprehensive measurements of CO2 and CH4, the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and employ these field data together with observations from DOE’s Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program to accelerate the development of DOE’s new Community Earth System Model (CESM). LBNL is also one of the primary science centers studying terrestrial carbon cycling and is leading three current SFAs for BER: Atmospheric System Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science, and Climate and Earth System Modeling. Since 2012, LBNL leads the DOE/interagency AmeriFlux program, a network of more than 100 ecosystem-atmosphere carbon flux sites in North and South America. Climate Change Science at LBNL is a lab-wide effort, uniting researchers from nine scientific divisions and national user facilities at the Laboratory, including the Computational Research Division, Earth Sciences Division, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Materials Sciences Division, Life Sciences Division, ALS, and NERSC. The Climate and Carbon Sciences Program at LBNL has a leading role in national and international scientific assessments and programs. LBNL scientists have served as principal authors of the highly visible Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007; the Fifth IPCC Assessment, which will be published in 2013; and two of the Synthesis and Assessment Products commissioned by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP). LBNL scientists served on science steering groups for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) under the Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group of the CCSP, and the National Soil Carbon Network. LBNL carbon cycle observations and analyses are valuable components of national synthesis products and national carbon inventories for NACP. LBNL heads a multilaboratory consortium to advance DOE’s modeling of the mechanisms and risks of abrupt and extreme climate change. The Laboratory and its partners are developing world-leading capabilities to simulate the dynamics of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and to project the feedbacks among the terrestrial and oceanic methane cycles and global climate change. In support of these projects, LBNL leads the deployment of advanced numerical methods for ultra-high-resolution ice-sheet models and uses its benchmark subsurface models for methane/climate studies. LBNL is leading the technical integration of DOE’s flagship integrated assessment models and the new CESM1 model with the goal of creating the an integrated Earth system model that can project the future of energy/climate interactions with state-of-thescience treatments of physical, chemical, and biogeochemical processes. The Laboratory’s research on soil biogeochemistry, using the LBNL Center for Isotope Geochemistry, the ALS, and microbial genomics laboratories, is supporting a leadership role in developing new soil carbon and methane modules for CESM1. LBNL has ensured that CESM is the first model worldwide to adopt all of ASR’s internationally recognized parameterizations of greenhouse-gas forcing and radiative processes to enable more accurate IPCC climatechange simulations. Finally, LBNL is advancing DOE’s measurement and modeling of interactions among ecosystems, permafrost, and climate change. In addition to new leadership in AmeriFlux, LBNL is one of the lead laboratories of the DOE Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) initiative on climateecosystem feedbacks in the Arctic. NGEE marshals LBNL expertise in geophysics, microbial ecology, FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 103 biogeochemistry, biometeorology, and modeling in the Climate Change Science and Environmental Subsurface Science Core Capabilities. The primary support for this Core Capability at LBNL comes from DOE BER and ASCR. Additional research in Earth observations from space is obtained through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 9. Particle Physics. LBNL has a long record of leadership in projects at the three frontiers of particle physics: the energy frontier, the intensity frontier, and the cosmic frontier. The Laboratory’s capabilities in cosmology, collider physics, and detector innovation build on LBNL core competencies in computing and engineering. LBNL maintains a world-leading research program in cosmology. In 2011, Saul Perlmutter shared the Nobel Prize in physics “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae.” The LBNL-led Supernova Cosmology Project pioneered the methods used in this discovery of dark energy. While continuing to pursue research using distant supernovae, the Laboratory has become a leader in the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), a second technique to study dark energy. In this area, LBNL leads the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) project, which will obtain more than 1 million spectra of galaxies and quasars to map dark energy. LBNL is now managing the design and construction of DOE’s Mid-Scale Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (MS-DESI) survey (formerly BigBOSS/DESpec). MS-DESI will create the largest 3-D map of the universe, and has been has been approved by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) for 500 nights of observations with the Mayall 4-Meter Telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona, conditional on funding. LBNL has also been a leader in the development of advanced instrumentation for cosmology research. LBNL-invented deep-depletion charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are the technology of choice for a range of optical detectors for both spaceand ground-based astronomical imaging. LBNL also developed integrated detectors for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements and provided integrated detectors to search for CMB polarization in the POLARBEAR project, which was funded by NSF and commissioned in the spring of 2010. In its contributions to the energy frontier research, LBNL provides significant support to the detector hardware, computing and software systems, and physics analysis for the A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) Experiment at CERN, where firm evidence for the Higgs Boson has been discovered. LBNL pioneered the use of silicon tracking detectors at hadron colliders in the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) and D0 experiments at FNAL, enabling the discovery of the top quark. LBNL contributed to the construction of both the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) detectors and the pixel detectors at the ATLAS facility. The pixel project is a critical new technology that provides precision tracking with radiation tolerance; LBNL pioneered the pixel development and led the international ATLAS pixel project through construction, installation, and commissioning. Working closely with computer scientists and software engineers in the LBNL Computing Sciences directorate, the LBNL ATLAS group led the development of the software framework for that experiment. LBNL scientists have more than 20 years of experience in theory, simulation, and data analysis for collisions at high-energy hadron colliders and are taking leadership roles in all aspects of the ATLAS experiment. In neutrino physics, which is central to the intensity frontier program, the Laboratory provides scientific and computing leadership and project management to the Daya Bay reactor-based neutrino oscillation experiment, which in 2012 made the first high-significance non-zero measurement of the neutrino mixing angle θ13. Construction of this experiment was completed in early 2012, and first results indicating a large value of θ13 have been published in March 2012 by the Daya Bay collaboration. In October, further published results affirmed those findings and improved the precision of the data. The LBNL Theoretical Physics Group, which is closely integrated with the UC Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, plays a crucial role in the Laboratory’s particle physics program, working with experimentalists to define future programs and develop strategies for data analysis. The LBNL Particle Data Group provides a unique service to the international physics community through its compilation and analysis of data on particle properties. Data analysis at the Laboratory’s NERSC is critical to these capabilities, confirming the discovery of dark energy from supernova data and the discovery of the flat geometry of the universe from CMB data. LBNL FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 104 astrophysicists and computer scientists have automated both supernova discovery and analysis, and the Laboratory’s computational scientists have made significant contributions to the simulation of supernova explosions. The DOE’s HEP program office is the primary sponsor of this Core Capability, with important contributions from ASCR, NNSA, NASA, NSF, and DHS. This capability supports DOE’s missions to understand the properties of elementary particles and fundamental forces at the highest energy accelerators, to understand the symmetries that govern the interactions of matter, and to obtain new insight on matter and energy from observations not requiring accelerators. 10. Nuclear Physics. Nuclear science has been an LBNL core competency since its inception. Current programs provide world leadership in neutrino research, heavy-ion physics, nuclear structure, nuclear chemistry, and, more broadly, nuclear instrumentation. Recent accomplishments involving neutrinos include a key role in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) and KamLAND for the discovery and confirmation of neutrino oscillations, observation of geoneutrinos with KamLAND, and measurements of high-energy neutrinos with IceCube. Recent heavy-ion accomplishments include the discovery of jet quenching and almost perfect liquid behavior in collisions of gold ions at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL’s) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) (the STAR detector at RHIC); observations of new forms of antimatter at RHIC (the antialpha particle and the antihypertriton) and early observation of heavy-ion collisions with the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC); and new insights into the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest elements. In nuclear structure, six new heavy-element isotopes, elements 104 through 114, were discovered. This Core Capability includes innovations in instrumentation and experiments a new underground research facilities. At the Sanford Lab in South Dakota, the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment has been installed in its protective water tank, which is being filled early this year. The Majorana Demonstrator for neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment is under way. DIANA, the Dual Ion Accelerator for Nuclear Astrophysics, is an experimental facility being proposed in collaboration with other research centers. The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is also under way in Europe. LBNL also provides leadership in next-generation instrumentation for nuclear structure (Gamma Ray Energy Tracking In-Beam Nuclear Array [GRETINA] and Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array [GRETA]). Other projects are at the CERN ALICE Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal) project, and with the high-precision, pixel-based STAR Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT). Leadership in both detector technology and fabrication underpins all of these contributions. The LBNL Semiconductor Detector Laboratory provides world-class instrumentation for development of advanced germanium and CdZeTe detectors. LBNL’s electron cyclotron resonance ion source and related technologies are also important for advanced accelerator facilities. The success of the nuclear physics program draws heavily on the Core Capabilities of the Laboratory in Computational Science, Advanced Instrumentation, Engineering, and Accelerator Science. Theoretical physicists are crucial for experimental design and precise model testing. This includes a growing competency in the use of high-performance computing to study nuclear physics, in particular in the subfields of quantum chromodynamics and supernovae. Support for this capability is primarily from the Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) with contributions from ASCR, NSF, DoD, and DHS. This capability supports DOE’s missions to understand how quarks and gluons assemble into various forms of matter; how protons and neutrons combine to form atomic nuclei, the fundamental properties of neutrons and neutrinos; and to advance scientific user facilities that reveal the characteristics of nuclear matter. 11. Applied Mathematics. LBNL has world-leading capabilities for developing mathematical models, algorithms, tools, and software for high-performance computing. These have resulted in breakthroughs in several mathematics fields, with a strong impact in many computational science areas. LBNL has a large pool of nationally and internationally recognized experts in applied mathematics, including members of the National Academy of Sciences, members of the National Academy of Engineering, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Fellows, and many other professional society awardees. Recent awards include Sloan Research Fellowships, the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 105 Lagrange and Pioneer Prizes, the Cozzarelli Prize, U.S. Air Force Young Investigator Research Program, the NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award, and the SIAM Junior Scientist Prize. LBNL has unsurpassed expertise in algorithms for modeling and simulating compressible, incompressible, and low-Mach-number flows in many applications, such as combustion and nuclear flames in supernovae. An enabling technology for this capability is adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), recognized worldwide. LBNL’s Chombo framework for block-structured local AMR has resulted in computational simulations that run 100 times faster than uniform mesh simulations. The Laboratory’s hierarchical, structured-grid finite difference capabilities, coupled with AMR algorithms, can solve turbulent flow problems 10,000 times faster than previous techniques. LBNL and UC Berkeley have developed fast-marching and level-set methods, numerical techniques that can follow the evolution of moving interfaces and boundaries for problems in fluid mechanics, combustion, computer-chip manufacturing, robotics, biomedical and seismic image processing, and tumor modeling. LBNL’s expertise in partial-differential equations yields new algorithms to describe the evolving wave front of seismic disturbances, resulting in improved 3-D seismic images. In numerical linear algebra, LBNL has the only SC lab researchers with expertise in large-scale eigenvalue calculations and direct solutions in sparse matrix computation. These capabilities and their applications are sponsored primarily by ASCR, with support from other SC program offices and WFO. These capabilities support DOE missions in fusion energy science, biological and environmental research, high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and basic energy sciences. They support DOE’s missions to develop mathematical descriptions, models, and algorithms to understand the behavior of climate, living cells, and complex systems for DOE missions in energy and environment; and to advance key areas of computational science and discovery for SC science partnerships, DOE applied programs, and interagency research and development. 12. Computational Science. LBNL is a leader in connecting applied mathematics and computer science with research in many scientific disciplines, including biological systems science, chemistry, climate science, materials science, particle and nuclear physics, subsurface science, and all Core Capability areas described in this Plan. LBNL has a well-proven record of effectively using high-performance computing resources to obtain significant results in many areas of science and/or engineering. The Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI) is developing and will deploy state-of-the-art computational modeling and simulation tools to accelerate the commercialization of carbon-capture technologies from discovery to development, demonstration, and ultimately the widespread deployment to hundreds of power plants. By developing the CCSI Toolset, a comprehensive, integrated suite of validated science-based computational models, this initiative will provide simulation tools to increase confidence in designs, thereby reducing the risk associated with incorporating multiple innovative technologies into new carbon-capture solutions. In addition, the Laboratory is contributing to the development of the Advanced Simulation Capabilities for Environmental Management (ASCEM) identified in Environmental Subsurface Science, above. The ASCEM program is developing a state-of-the-art high-performance computing simulation code to enable new science-based approaches for predicting contaminant fate and transport in natural and engineered systems. This initiative supports the reduction of risks associated with DOE Environmental Management’s (EM’s) environmental cleanup and closure programs through a better understanding and quantification of uncertainties in the subsurface flow and contaminant transport behavior in complex geological systems. The simulator will provide a flexible computational engine to simulate the coupled processes and flow scenarios described by the conceptual models, eventually coupling hydrological, biogeochemical, geomechanical, and thermal processes within one framework. Key projects connected with DOE's EFRCs and Hubs continue this year, targeting carbon capture and sequestration, solar energy, batteries, and combustion efficiency. The mathematical methods and computational tools developed here will also have applications in many other scientific domains, such as the search for improved catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells and storage. Indeed, DOE’s new Joint Center for Energy Storage (JCESR) will leverage the computational resources, tools, and expertise at NERSC to predict the properties of electrolytes — liquid solutions that conduct ions between battery plates and aid in energy storage. JCESR will be able work DOE’s Materials Project to get a complete scope of battery components for FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 106 systematic and predictive approach to battery design. The effort is coordinated with DOE’s Center for Functional Electronic Material Design (CFEMD) at LBNL which conducts large-scale data generation, datamining, and benchmarking for new materials. CFEMD has a dedicated computing environment, Mendel, at NERSC which takes advantage of the global filesystem, the scientific data archive, the Science Gateway infrastructure, and staff expertise. Although a lead source of support for this Core Capability is ASCR, all SC offices sponsor computational applications and software development for their respective areas of science. The notable examples above are HEP and BES, but the development of theoretical, simulation, and analytical science applications occur throughout SC and the technology programs; with other federal agencies such as NASA and DoD; and other interagency partners. This Core Capability supports all of DOE’s science, energy, environmental, and security missions. For SC’s discovery and innovation mission, it provides the mathematical descriptions, models, methods, and algorithms to enable scientists to accurately describe and understand the behavior of the Earth’s climate, living cells, and other complex systems involving processes that span a wide range of time and length scales. 13. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data. LBNL is a leader in computer architecture research, with expertise in low-power parallel processor design, optical interconnects, and memory systems — unique within DOE. The design and deployment of a highly usable, energy-efficient exascale system has research challenges in hardware, software, and algorithms. With its hardware emulation capabilities, co-design experience from the Green Flash project, and roles as both a leader and participant in multiple co-design centers, LBNL will play a critical role in an exascale program. LBNL is a leader in performance analysis and modeling, with multiple award-winning papers on application performance analysis and use of emerging computer architectures for scientific applications. LBNL and UC Berkeley established and continue to lead the field of automatic performance tuning research. LBNL is a global leader in programming languages and compilers for parallel machines and takes a leadership role in programming models for exascale systems. The Laboratory’s Unified Parallel C (UPC) compiler and its Global-Address Space Networking (GASNet) runtime system are broadly deployed by computing-system vendors, government agencies, and academic institutions. The Berkeley Lab Checkpoint/Restart (BLCR) project provides support for tolerating faults, which is increasingly important as systems scale. LBNL is also a leader in developing software tools and libraries for easier programming of high-performance scientific applications. The Laboratory is a pioneer in scientific data management, including development of FastBit, an indexing method that won an R&D 100 Award for dramatically speeding up scientific data searches. LBNL and the DOE JGI develop genome databases as community resources for comparative analysis and genome annotation. NERSC provides shared storage resources for several scientific communities. LBNL leads in the development of remote, distributed, and query-driven visualization and collaborative visual analytics systems, while NERSC provides visualization systems and support for its users. LBNL is a leader in troubleshooting and performance-analysis tools for complex, distributed applications, such as the PERFormance Service Oriented Network monitoring ARchitecture (perfSONAR) application. ESnet and LBNL computer scientists work with researchers around the globe to meet the distributed computing and networking needs of the next generation of DOE science experiments. ESnet’s Science Data Network operates like a dynamic expressway, creating uncongested paths between endpoints. ASCR is the primary source of support for this Core Capability, and the benefits accrue for all SC offices and other elements of DOE. The capability supports SC’s mission to deliver computational and networking capabilities that enable researchers to extend the frontiers of science and to develop networking and collaboration tools and facilities that enable scientists worldwide to work together and share extreme-scale scientific resources. In addition, this Core Capability contributes to all of the missions described in Applied Mathematics, above. 14. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. LBNL’s research program in this area emphasizes the design and synthesis of advanced materials for energy, electronic, structural, and other applications in a wide range of physical environments. This capability provides a basis for the development of materials that improve the efficiency, economy, environmental acceptability, and safety for applications including energy generation, FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 107 conversion, transmission, and utilization. The capability is enabled through core investments in computing, physical sciences, engineering, and environmental sciences. Areas of expertise include nanoscale phenomena, advanced microscopy, physical and mechanical behavior of materials, materials chemistry, and bimolecular materials. LBNL is a leader in materials for advanced battery technology, focusing on the development of low-cost, rechargeable, advanced electrochemical devices for both automotive and stationary applications. The basic elements of this research include the collaborative JCESR program described above. The related field of fuelcell research is enabling the commercialization of polymer-electrolyte and solid-oxide fuel cells for similar applications. Research involves advanced materials and nanotechnology for clean energy, including hydrogen storage and nanostructured organic light-emitting diodes. LBNL has world-leading expertise in the tailoring of the optical properties of window materials, including the characterization of glazing and shading systems, the chromogenics of dynamic glazing materials, and low-emittance coatings for solar performance control. LBNL also leads the scientific community in the development of plasma-deposition processes to enable improved window coatings at minimized production costs and energy consumption. LBNL’s development program for advanced sensors and sensor materials to control industrial processes is intended to reduce the waste of raw materials on manufacturing lines, increase the energy efficiency of manufacturing processes, and minimize waste products. The Laboratory’s studies of high-temperature superconductors for electrical transmission cable could substantially reduce losses during transmission. Capabilities in this area include analyzing the mechanical behavior of novel materials and designing novel materials with enhanced mechanical properties. LBNL has extensive expertise in using waste heat for electricity and was recently recognized with an R&D 100 Award in this area. Largely sponsored by industry, LBNL also conducts next-generation lithography and supports the development of tools and metrology for size reduction in the next generation of microelectronic chip manufacturing. This Core Capability in Applied Materials Science and Engineering is sponsored by EERE, DHS, and WFO programs, including DoD and industry, and the Capability is underpinned by basic chemistry, materials, and computational research supported by DOE. The Core Capability contributes to DOE missions in energy, environment, and national security. The applied research capabilities benefit from LBNL use-inspired basic research in materials science, computing, and other capability areas. This work provides a benefit to the DOE’s technology programs such as solar-energy conversion, electrical-energy storage and transmission, solid-state lighting, energy efficiency, and the study of materials in extreme energy environments. 15. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. LBNL’s capabilities in this area include fundamental nuclear measurements; actinide chemistry; the irradiation of electronic components for industry and the government, including post-irradiation and materials characterization; the design, development, and deployment of advanced instrumentation; compact neutron and gamma-ray sources for active interrogation; nuclear data management; and substantial modeling and simulation expertise. Work for DOE SC includes actinide chemistry with application to chelating agents; work for DOE NNSA includes advanced detector materials, compact gamma and neutron sources, detection systems and algorithms development, and background data management and analysis; work for DOE NE through the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign (UFDC) includes subsurface modeling and testing to evaluate and improve on the current technical bases for alternative prospective geologic environments for high-level nuclear waste disposal. LBNL is a world leader in the development of instrumentation for the detection and measurement of ionizing radiation. It develops fundamental radiation-detection materials, including both scintillators and solid-state detectors that combine high-density and excellent energy resolution, and high-performance electronics (including custom integrated circuits) to read out the detectors; as well as complete detection and imaging systems that are used for a variety of purposes including nuclear medical imaging, nonproliferation, homeland security, and fundamental explorations of high-energy and nuclear physics. Unique materials-screening and crystal-growth capabilities enable optimized high-throughput development and design of scintillation- and semiconductor detector materials (supported by NNSA and DHS). Detector development work is performed for DOE NP (e.g., MAJORANA, GRETA/GRETINA, SNO+), HEP, NNSA, DHS, and DoD. Core competencies include large-volume germanium and CdZnTe detector development, with an emphasis on position-sensitive and low-noise systems, and gamma-ray imaging using coded aperture masks, Compton FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 108 scattering telescopes, as well as other methods. Detectors and detection concepts are being developed for a wide variety of applications, including homeland security, nonproliferation, medical imaging, and nuclear science. The Air Force and the National Reconnaissance Office support the testing of critical space-based electronic components by the National Security Space Community, using heavy-ion beams at the Laboratory’s 88-Inch Cyclotron. The use of “cocktail beams” composed of a mixture of elements that mimic the composition of cosmic rays encountered by satellites provides a unique national asset to greatly speed the testing of critical space-based electronic components. The 88-Inch Cyclotron is also used to study surrogate reaction techniques of interest to advanced fuel cycles for nuclear reactors. Other core facilities are the crystal growth facility, BELLA (where compact tunable monochromatic gamma sources are under development for NNSA and DoD), and the Semiconductor Detector Laboratory. LBNL’s research in this area in support of SC includes the development of high-field ion sources for use by nuclear accelerators, such as the Laboratory’s 88-inch Cyclotron and the FRIB at MSU. MSU is also a key partner with LBNL in the UC Berkeley-based Nuclear Science and Security Consortium (NSSC), an NNSAfunded program to develop a pipeline into the national laboratory system for students of nuclear physics and other topics. LBNL is collecting high-quality gamma-ray background data in urban and suburban environments with support from DHS. The Laboratory plans to fully characterize the gamma-ray background based on data collected from detectors in conjunction with visual imagery, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), weather, and other baseline geospatial data that may affect distribution of incident gamma rays. LBNL is also obtaining and evaluating background gamma-ray data from aerial environments containing complex topographical and isotopic variations. NNSA supports a feasibility study to explore an advanced system for data storage, analysis, and dissemination of gamma-ray background data, including detailed annotation. LBNL plans to use standardization and analysis frameworks developed at the Laboratory within the HEP and cosmology communities to develop a platform to vastly increase the scope of the data being analyzed. This activity will be closely aligned with the NSSC and will leverage significant nation-wide efforts in the management of large sets of complex data led by LBNL. This Core Capability is sponsored by SC (NP, HEP, and BES), NNSA, and NE as well as DHS, DoD, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). This Core Capability contributes to DOE missions to integrate the basic research in SC programs with research in support of the NNSA and DOE technology office programs. 16. Systems Engineering and Integration. LBNL’s demonstrated abilities to engineer, construct, and integrate complex systems underpin many of the core competencies described in this section, and those of major user facilities described earlier. The breadth of large-scale user facilities designed, built, and operated at LBNL would be impossible without the ability to address complex instrumentation challenges of scale. LBNL is uniquely configured within SC with a centralized Engineering Division that makes engineering and technical support available to all scientific endeavors at LBNL. This significantly strengthens LBNL systems engineering and integration. Technical and engineering capabilities are unified and applied to problems from a coordinated, disciplined approach. These engineering and technical capabilities are not restricted to a single program; crosscutting solutions are standard and expected. The Laboratory’s internationally recognized skills in advanced instrumentation (such as accelerating structures, detectors, lasers, magnets, and optics) enable many scientific breakthroughs described in this Plan and are the direct result of the holistic coordination and deployment of engineering and technical resources. Solutions and approaches developed for one application are leveraged, adapted, and applied to other applications. For example, LBNL’s world-leading expertise in integrated silicon detectors for high-energy physics detectors has been adapted and applied to the development of massive scientific-grade CCD detectors for astronomical applications. This was subsequently adapted and improved to provide radiation-resistant high-speed X-ray and electron detectors for state-of-theart defining synchrotron radiation beamlines and electron microscopes. This disciplined approach covers concept through execution and is typified by major items of scientific equipment such as the ATLAS inner detector, the Daya Bay neutrino reactor experiment, GRETINA, and ALICE nuclear physics detectors, and the Transmission Electron Aberration-corrected Microscope (TEAM) electron microscope now used for materials science research. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 109 In addition to LBNL’s demonstrated abilities to engineer and integrate complex systems (as described in Large-Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation section earlier in this document), it is the recognized leader in energy efficiency in commercial and residential buildings and industrial facilities. In this capacity, LBNL develops and transfers new energy-efficient building and industrial technologies from the laboratory to the real world, domestically and internationally, and stimulates the use of high-performance technologies through innovative deployment programs. LBNL has a strong record of working with industry to evaluate, develop, and implement new cost-effective technologies for buildings, including high-energyintensity buildings such as data centers that increase energy efficiency and improve the comfort, health, and safety of their occupants. The Laboratory is designing and building a novel Facility for Low Energy eXperiments in Buildings (FLEXLAB). This Facility comprises a set of “test beds” and simulation platforms for the research, development, and demonstration of building technologies, control systems, and building systems-integration strategies. Integrated commercial building systems explore ways to assimilate research in building demand-response systems, windows, lighting, indoor air quality, and simulation tools to develop coherent, innovative construction and design techniques. LBNL is also a leader in developing cool surface materials for roofing, pavement, and architectural glazing, and in understanding large-scale urban heat-island effects that impact energy consumption and smog formation. LBNL also performs integrated research on domestic and international energy policies to help mitigate carbon emissions and climate change. The Laboratory investigates and evaluates the economic impact of implementing energy-efficiency performance standards in industrial systems and for a wide range of consumer products. LBNL provides technical assistance to federal agencies to evaluate and deploy renewable, distributed energy, and demand-side options to reduce energy costs, manage electric power grid stability, and assess the impact of electricity market restructuring, e.g., employing large-scale electric-energy storage systems. The Laboratory is a leader in the research and development of battery systems for automotive and stationary applications and is a leading partner in the JCESR Hub collaboration. LBNL is also applying its extensive experience in subsurface science to underground compressed-air energy storage. Battery-systems research encompasses the development of new materials, theoretical modeling, and systems engineering, while research in large-scale subsurface energy storage encompasses numerical simulation of coupled processes in the porous reservoir. In addition to the Office of Science, these efforts contribute significantly to several technology research programs funded by EERE, FE, Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (EDER), Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), and the DHS Chemical and Biological Security program. LBNL leverages DOE’s investment in systems engineering and integration efforts by working with California and other states, and other federal and WFO sponsors, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the California Energy Commission, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the Western Governors’ Association, energy utilities, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the CO2 Capture Project, and programs within DoD’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency. LBNL works with standards organizations such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to support the development of technical standards. Science Strategy for the Future LBNL’s Science Strategy focuses on extending and integrating the spatial and temporal scales to solve the most pressing and profound scientific challenges facing humankind, including providing sustainable long-term energy supplies, protecting the global environment, and understanding the most abundant but largely unknown constituents of the universe. Particular areas of emphasis are: providing the most powerful tools for scientific inquiry; understanding and predicting the behavior of physical, chemical, and biological systems; conducting basic science to enable a secure energy future; understanding biological and integrated Earth systems to improve sustainable energy supplies and to protect the environment; advancing our fundamental understanding of the nature of matter and energy in the universe; and providing the computational capabilities that will assure U.S leadership in science into the future. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 110 There are five strategic science initiatives (and their primary funding sources) for the Laboratory’s future: • • • • • Photons for Science (BES) Basic Science for Energy (BES) Integrated Biological and Earth Systems Science (BER) Matter and Energy in the Universe (HEP and NP) Advanced Computing (ASCR) The Laboratory’s portfolio of research in each of these areas is directed to advance DOE mission to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. Some of this research is also sponsored by Work for Others. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Facilities and Infrastructure. The Mission Readiness Facilities and Infrastructure Strategy is based on the need to support LBNL’s core capabilities in a safe and cost-efficient manner. The strategy develops a construction, maintenance, and upgrade/replacement program based on cost effectiveness and mission requirements. For the 2013 Annual Plan, the LBNL Mission Readiness Facilities and Infrastructure Strategy has two primary near-term goals to meet DOE mission needs: Meet mission goals for biological and environmental sciences in the key areas of genomics, bioenergy resources, integrated biosciences, and environmental health research by consolidating all programs at a single location, such as at the Richmond Bay Campus. Upgrade or replace deficient DOE facilities at the LBNL Hill site, addressing identified seismic safety issues to ensure the safety of staff, and provide for timely modernization of facilities and infrastructure in order to ensure Mission Readiness. These primary near-term goals are the foundation of LBNL’s recently DOE-validated Facilities Maintenance Program that ensures that current DOE assets are well maintained and managed, and that earlier-era research buildings that no longer meet the performance requirements of modern science are replaced to ensure continued Mission Readiness. As it can take some time to replace earlier-era assets however, LBNL arranges for use of leased space in order to meet all research mission assignments at the high performance standards that characterize LBNLs scientific achievements. The Laboratory’s first goal will address the research capability gap by fostering synergy among biosciences researchers who will now be located in close proximity to one another. It will address operational efficiency by ending the current use of various leased spaces and combining biosciences researchers into a new, cost-efficient location Current biosciences research leases comprise 245,344 square feet (sf) in Berkeley and surrounding cities. Consolidating these programs into a single location will bring together the biosciences Core Capabilities currently occupying this disjointed lease space. The total area of leases comprises 345,397 sf, including 100,053 sf of nonbiosciences use, with the Oakland Scientific Facility (OSF, 40,179 sf), Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO, 30,770 sf), and the Joint Center For Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP, 23,500 sf) comprising 94,449 sf of the 100,053 sf balance (small leased researcher support facilities at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota and in Livermore make up the balance). The computing functions in the OSF will consolidate at the main Hill site when the Computational Research and Theory (CRT, UC-funded) building is completed in the next two years. The JCAP research group will consolidate to the main Hill site when the Solar Energy Research Center (SERC, UC-funded) and General Purpose Laboratory (GPL-1) buildings are completed in the next two years. Persuant to the UC-DOE Prime Contract, the Laboratory also has no-fee use of 46,056 sf of UC space on the UC Berkeley campus adjacent to LBNL’s main Hill campus. Completion of SERC, CRT and consolidation of Biosciences will significantly address any research capability impediments and inefficiencies created by the current leased-property arrangements. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 111 In FYs 2012 and 2013, LBNL’s leased space was adjusted with two actions: (1) approximately 5,213 sf of space was leased at Horton Street in Emeryville, California, to accommodate the Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) program; and (2) the lease for a 50,995 sf warehouse in Richmond, California, was terminated and replaced with a pay-as-you-need model for commercial storage. LBNL’s second goal focuses on facilities and infrastructure at the Hill site. Five DOE-SLI seismic safety projects form the core of efforts to address this goal. The first two projects have been competed or are nearing completion. The final three seismic safety projects will be implemented over the next 10 years. The DOE Environmental Management (EM) demolition of the Old Town area and the development of the NGLS facility and infrastructure are other major elements. The LBNL Hill site is located on 202 acres of (UC) land (85.28 acres are leased to DOE). The LBNL Land Use Plan can be viewed within the Berkeley Lab Long-Range Development Plan at http://www.lbl.gov/Community/LRDP/index.html. The main site comprises approximately 1.65 million gross square feet (gsf) in operational buildings (1.628M gsf) and temporary operational trailers (30.6K gsf). 56.166 gsf are “excess,” and slated for demolition by EM; the EM Old Town project is expected to demolish a total of ~55,000 gsf of buildings over the next few years. 22,814 sf of main-site facilities are non-DOE facilities, and two additional non-DOE facilities are under construction.. Seventy percent of the Laboratory’s active facilities were constructed more than 30 years ago, when LBNL was primarily a high-energy physics, nuclear chemistry, and nuclear medicine laboratory. Approximately 30% of the active Hill space had been identified as seismically deficient with seismic performance ratings of “Poor” or “Very Poor,” according to the UC Seismic Policy, and given the probability of a major seismic event in the Bay Area, this represents a major infrastructure rebuilding priority. Today, the seismically deficient space figure has been reduced to approximately 13% (5 percentage points lower than in 2012) through continuing efforts to upgrade or replace useable space, then vacate and demolish the deficient space. Significant progress has been made, but the job is not yet complete. LBNL’s Hill site utility infrastructure ranges from 8 to 53 years old. Infrastructure Fitness for Service Evaluations and Capacity Assessments were conducted in July 2010. Overall, the surveyed utility systems were found to be in relatively good shape. A few upgrades and replacements were recommended by the consulting engineers, and major corrective items were completed in FY 2011 and 2012. Future upgrades to the electrical and compressed-air utilities are summarized close of the section below. LBNL intends to continue to provide mission-ready functional buildings for evolving DOE research missions. Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The Laboratory maintains a comprehensive database for its DOE facilities. This data is maintained in the DOE Facilities Information Management System (FIMS), which contains both LBNL’s current data and some DOE-controlled tables that generally reflect end-ofprior-year data. Table 1 presents the FIMS Summary Table for conditions at the close of FY 2012. Table 2 shows a 0.964 Asset Condition Index (ACI) for mission-critical DOE assets at LBNL. LBNL’s asset condition management planning conforms to DOE SC’s expectation that the ACI metric for mission-critical facilities (approximately 90% of LBNL’s capital assets) will be a minimum of 0.970 within the 10-year planning period. A summary of planned investments and their impact to ACI is provided in Table 3 and Figure 1. The Asset Utilization Index (AUI) is 96.09 for office space and 99.62 for lab space; effectively 100%, allowing for moves and renovations. LBNL’s AUI has been high for a number of years, and while most evolutionary research program changes are accommodated on the main site, mission program growth in recent years has required temporary solutions pending completion of the projects supporting the two major goals. LBNL has established eight significant off-site leases: (1) the Joint Genome Institute (JGI); (2) the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI); (3) the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), the supercomputer facility; (4) the Advanced BioFuels Process Demonstration Unit (ABPDU); (5) the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP); (6) major portions of the Life Sciences Division (LSD); (7) the Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase); and (8) the Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO). Significant numbers of staff from seven divisions — Life Sciences, Physical Biosciences, Genomics, Computational Research, NERSC, Materials Sciences, and Operations — are housed at off-site locations in four East Bay cities. Current occupancy at those FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 112 locations accounts for over 10% of the Laboratory, counted either by full-time equivalents (FTEs) or programmatic funding. LBNL evaluated the structural seismic life safety of all occupied buildings and large trailers at the main Hill site. The surveys were completed by nationally recognized structural engineers experienced in field investigations and analyses of damage in earthquakes. These analyses were examined in terms of the standards for “Good,” “Fair,” “Poor,” or “Very Poor” structures, consistent with UC Seismic Safety Policy. LBNL developed plans for mitigating the risks in all structures rated either “Poor” or “Very Poor.” All “Very Poor” structures on the site were vacated, and all but one has been demolished. All “Poor” structures will either be demolished or structurally upgraded, either through the SLI program or using Institutional General Plant Project (IGPP) funds. LBNL has worked with DOE and UC to develop a long-term solution to both eliminate lease capability gaps in terms of research synergy and operational efficiency, and to fully address the seismic safety risks outlined in the preceding section. A series of integrated investments to ensure that facilities and infrastructure are safe and meet the needs of the Laboratory’s current Core Capabilities are being made. Table 4 identifies the facilities that house research for each Core Capability, the condition of those facilities, and the planned investment to achieve seismic safety and Mission Readiness. Most buildings and investments benefit multiple Core Capabilities; each investment is detailed once and then cross-referenced in the core-capability sections that follow. In addition, in support of Mission Readiness and Core Capabilities, future upgrades to the electrical and compressed-air utilities are addressed in Table 5, and have been identified for design and funding. Some systems in a few buildings will be approaching the end of their expected useful lives within the term of this Plan, including some energy-management control systems, electrical transformers and service panels, and network and telephone systems. LBNL’s plan integrates actual and proposed investments by SC (SLI and program offices), DOE’s Office of Environmental Management (OEM), DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), UC, and LBNL using IGPP funds, as well as alterations and maintenance from the Laboratory’s funds. These investments ensure Mission Readiness and support for the Core Capabilities, and fully address safety commitments. Near-term investments (the next five years), and some related projects currently in the early stages of planning for the subsequent five-year period, are summarized below. A map illustrating the planned 2013-2023 Hill-site projects is presented in Attachment 2. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $1,091,453,630 $137,960,190 $1229,419,820 $35,958,141 0 85 0.967 # Building Assets 58 37 2 13 10 40 1 0 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 12 53 14 275 9 1 30 0 2 0 0 # GSF (Bldg) 1,497,387 130,370 4,674 310,447 7,076 1,117,203 10,547 0 0.964 Mission Critical 0.99 Mission Dependent 0.977 Not Mission Dependent 96.09 Office 100 Warehouse Asset Utilization 99.62 Laboratory Index (B, T) 2, 3 100 Hospital Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. Asset Condition Index (B, S, T) 1 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans # GSF (Trailer) 9,595 18,739 14,290 39,674 0 2,007 0 0 113 Strategic Infrastructure Investments. LBNL’s plan integrates actual and proposed investments by SC (SLI and program offices), DOE EM, UC, and IGPP, as well as alterations and maintenance from the Laboratory’s funds. These investments ensure mission readiness and support for the core capabilities, and fully address safety commitments. Near-term investments (the next five years), including some conceptual projects in the early stages of planning, are summarized below. • • Office of Science Investments (SLI and Program Offices). The SLI Modernization program at LBNL corrects seismic deficiencies and modernizes facilities for mission readiness. New buildings and major renovation projects are expected to meet Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification and exceed American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 90.1-2004 energy-efficiency requirements by approximately 30%. o Biosciences Integration Facility Project. This investment is a priority, as it will integrate major biosciences activities currently in geographically dispersed off-site leased facilities. The dispersion of existing biosciences has created a capability gap in terms of synergy among researchers and operational efficiency in terms of facilities and infrastructure. An integrated facility would enable continuous interaction among researchers who have complimentary interests, and enable creation of a shared instrument “core” that will support multiple bioscience and other research programs. This project includes the construction of an approximately 140,000 gsf general-purpose laboratory/office building. The Laboratory has the capacity to and the missions would benefit from starting Project Engineering Design (PED) in FY 2015. Existing leases for the DOE JGI, ABPDU, and KBase will be terminated. o SLI Seismic Phase 3 Project. This investment is a priority for LBNL, as it will remedy serious seismic life-safety deficiencies in DOE structures occupied by approximately 1,000 staff and visitors. A number of seismically deficient structures that cannot be cost-effectively upgraded will be demolished. This project includes the construction of two buildings: a general-purpose laboratory building and 20,000-35,000 gsf research/support office building that will include a replacement cafeteria/meeting facility. This project will also upgrade or replace the seismically poor-rated Health Services building. The Laboratory has the capacity to and the missions would benefit from starting PED in FY 2015. Productivity improvement will be greater than $2 million. o SLI Seismic Phase 4 Project (B70) Project. This investment will remedy seismic life-safety deficiencies in DOE Building 70, occupied by 160 staff and visitors. This project will replace Building 70 with a modern, approximately 55,000 gsf laboratory/office building. PED is projected for FY 2017. o SLI Seismic Phase 5 Project. This investment will remedy serious seismic life-safety deficiencies in the remaining seismically unsafe DOE facilities. This project also constructs an approximately 55,000-gsf general-purpose laboratory/office building to replace structures that are seismic and operational liabilities and that cannot be cost-effectively upgraded. PED is projected for FY 2020. o SLI Seismic Phase 2 Project. This FY 2009 project start is remedying seismic life-safety deficiencies in DOE buildings occupied by 250 staff and visitors. This project has modernized about 45,000 gsf of laboratory space in seismically upgraded Building 74. In addition, a modern, ~43,000gsf general-purpose laboratory/office building (GPL-1) with an adjacent 3,000-gsf utility center is now being constructed to replace structures that are seismic and operational liabilities. Under this project, seismic risks posed by an ancient landslide will be addressed in the Building 85 area. CD4A/B was approved in September 2012 and CD-4C approval is forecast for February 2014. o SLI ARRA General Plant Project (GPP). The Building 62 Phase 2 scope modernized additional 1960s-era general-purpose laboratory space as an extension of scope at Building 62. Phase 2 was funded in 2011 with DOE’s permission using contingency funds released from five original ARRA projects. The Building 62 Phase 2 scope was completed in March 2013. Other DOE Office Investments FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 114 • • o NGLS (BES). LBNL has been working with the scientific community to develop a Next Generation Light Source (NGLS) that will be a transformative tool for many fields of science. More than 150 scientists, representing more than 40 research institutions from around the world, contributed to the CD-0 proposal for the NGLS, which was approved in April 2011. Site planning and preconceptual designs and estimates are in progress, as they will support a CD-1 review and enable the efficient construction of the NGLS, including associated experimental and user facilities and utility infrastructure. o Old Town Demolitions and Environmental Remediation (EM). This noncapital investment will demolish approximately 55,000 gsf of old, outdated structures and remediate over 1 acre of legacy soil and groundwater contamination under the structures. The estimated total project cost is $25 million to $30 million. Initial funding of $10 million has been received to deactivate and demolish Buildings 5 and 16/16A down to their slabs. This work is now in progress. An additional $15 million to $20 million is requested to complete the demolition of the Old Town project buildings and remediate the site in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action program. Deferred maintenance will be reduced by approximately $0.5 million. o User Test Bed Facility (EERE). Construction on this ARRA investment is in progress. The User Test Bed Facility (a.k.a. FLEXLAB) will contain a set of test beds for building systems integration. It will be designed to address key technical challenges for low- and net-zero energy buildings and will be located near and within Building 90. Contractor Investments. The University of California has further demonstrated its commitment to research and education by arranging over $190 million of funding for three significant facility investments. o Berkeley Lab Guest House. This investment is a priority for visitors to LBNL’s national user facilities, as it provides overnight accommodations for up to 70 guests. The roughly 20,000 sf project was funded in 2007 and became operational in 2009. o Computational Research and Theory Facility. This investment is a priority, as it will provide a new, approximately 128,000 sf computing science facility. The project is scheduled for occupancy in 2014. o Solar Energy Research Center. This investment is a priority, as it will provide a new, roughly 38,000 sf facility to support sustainable energy research. The project funding was authorized in FY 2007 and this facility is scheduled for occupancy in 2014. Laboratory Investments. LBNL focuses its direct investments, including maintenance funding of approximately $20 million/year and IGPP funding in excess of $5 million/year, to ensure that facilities are maintained effectively to serve the mission. Funding needs are identified annually in a lab-wide UniCall process, and are reviewed by LBNL leadership to ensure funds are allocated to the highest overall priority facility and infrastructure projects. Currently of particular note are two initiatives: o Old Town Move-out. The Laboratory is working to vacate the remaining legacy buildings in the Old Town area in an orderly and coordinated manner prior to the demolition and restoration project described above. Relocation projects for the first buildings are in progress. o New Construction. Research and office space, and supporting infrastructure projects that can address some program evolutions using IGPP-funds, are in conceptual development. Similarly, opportunities to use IGPP-funds to upgrade and modernize facilities and infrastructure are in conceptual development. Concepts will be reviewed with DOE Berkeley Site Office (BSO) as they are developed and considered for advancement. Additional Excess Facilities and Plans to Achieve Asset Condition Index (ACI) Targets. Only about 0.31% (5,160 gsf including 410 gsf of trailer space) of DOE building and trailer space at LBNL is nonoperational. The 5,160 gsf of nonoperational buildings (3) and trailers (1) will be excessed and demolished during the strategic planning period, and as appropriate are included in the projects discussed in the preceding project summaries. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 115 LBNL’s plan conforms to DOE SC’s expectation that the ACI metric for mission-critical facilities (approximately 90% of LBNL’s capital assets) will be a minimum of 0.970 within the 10-year planning period. LBNL plans to reduce deferred maintenance and achieve this objective with a combination of Deferred Maintenance Reduction (DMR), IGPP, Non-Cap Alteration, and Line Item Project (LIP) funding and to meet the 0.980 ACI target for Mission Critical Facilities. Decisions regarding funding type are made separately in each project case, based on determination of the most appropriate size and type of replacement equipment to serve the current and future mission requirements. Trends and Metrics. LBNL's annual infrastructure goals are defined in Contract Performance Evaluation and Measurement Plan (PEMP) Section 7: Sustain Excellence in Operating, Maintaining, and Renewing the Facility and Infrastructure Portfolio to Meet Laboratory Needs. These goals measure UC’s overall effectiveness and performance in planning for, delivering, and operating LBNL facilities and equipment to ensure that required capabilities are present to meet today’s and tomorrow’s complex challenges. For FY 2012, UC scored 3.3 for Goal 7, which translates to a letter grade of B+. • Noteworthy performance includes cost savings of $3.2 million in FY 2012 while improving service. Work order lead time dropped by 35%. On-time work orders improved from 28.4% to 81%. The Bevatron Demolition project was completed a month ahead of schedule while returning $2.4 million of unallocated contingency back to the headquarters program office. The project also had 350,000 work hours with no lost time due to accidents and was nominated for DOE Project of the Year. Also of note was the implementation of the Project Portfolio Management (PPM) end-to-end business process. This process enables the optimization of the mix and sequencing of projects utilizing the appropriate allocation of resources in support of Mission Readiness. • LBNL's Facilities Division won the International Facility Management Association’s (IFMA’s) 2012 Sheila Sheridan Award for Sustainable Design and Energy Efficient Projects. This recognizes the division's “total program approach” to institutional sustainability, including new-building construction, sustainable operations, and maintenance practices; collaboration with surrounding communities; and active involvement in educating similar national laboratories regarding LBNL methodology. LBNL’s facilities and infrastructure maintenance program was successfully reviewed by DOE in early 2013. The Laboratory’s overall Mission Readiness strategy was successfully peer reviewed in 2009, and the support programs were found to include best-in-class programs. A summary of support facilities and infrastructure for mission readiness is provided in Attachment 1. Table 3. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 15.3 13.8 14.1 14.3 14.6 14.9 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.0 16.3 16.7 1.4 1 2.6 2.6 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IGPP 6.4 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 GPP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Line Items (SLI) 13.0 0.0 0.0 48.0 82.9 102.5 35.5 35.6 30.0 27.0 55.0 45.0 Total Investment 36.1 21.8 22.9 70.8 104.0 123.9 57.2 57.5 52.0 49.3 77.3 67.7 1250 1286 1255 1281 1297 1324 1352 1381 1409 1384 1427 36.3 32.9 28.0 26.2 26.3 26.8 27.9 28.5 29.4 25.1 26.2 0.971 0.974 0.978 0.980 0.980 0.980 0.979 0.979 0.979 0.982 Site-Wide ACI 1 Does not include DMR resulting from line items, GPP, IGPP, excess facility disposition, or normal maintenance. 2 Per O85 Report 0.982 Maintenance DMR 1 EFD (Overhead) Estimated RPV Estimated DM 2 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 116 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 140.0 1.000 0.990 120.0 0.980 100.0 0.970 80.0 0.960 0.950 60.0 0.940 40.0 0.930 0.920 20.0 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 117 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Core Capability Time Frame Now Accelerator Science In 5 Years In 10 Years Now Applied Nuclear Science and Technology In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Laboratory DOE High-energy, low-emittance 6, 15, 46, 47, beam R&D, including highNGLS CD-0 has been Seismic deficiencies; Maintenance, DMR & 58/A (incl. NDX- repetition-rate photoinjectors, authorized in FY 2011 IGPP capital renewal of II), 71 (incl. optical manipulation of beams, insufficient-quality X Old Town demolition experimental program general-purpose BELLA), 77, and superconducting started space infrastructure 77A, 88, Old technology. BELLA Town advancements. Design and demonstration of Maintenance, DMR & Seismic deficiencies; some IGPP capital renewal of NGLS construction high-performance, lowinadequate space pending including user facility. emittance beams, including general-purpose 6, 15, 46, 47, seismic upgrade and Complete Old Town high-repetition-rate infrastructure. 58/A, 71 , 77, modernization of select demolition. photoinjectors, optical Rehabilitate and add X 77A, 88, Old older buildings. UserSeismic Phs. 3 – Generalmanipulation for attosecond sufficient high-bay and Town relocation facility demand outpaces purpose replacement photon beams; BELLA high-ceiling space; Old space available resources. Bldgs. advancements, and advanced Town staff and program Limited high-bay space. optical accelerators relocations Deploy the attosecond highComplete NGLS intensity high-average-power 6, 15, 46, 47, construction and start Maintenance, DMR & photon beams for the user Some inadequate space 58/A, 71 , 77, operation. IGPP capital renewal of community, develop highestpending completion of X 77A, 88, Old Seismic Phs. 5 – Seismic general-purpose energy, lowest-cost projects in pipeline. Town relocation upgrade of Bldgs. 46 & infrastructure accelerators, BELLA space, NGLS 58. advancements Develop detectors for Inadequate space pending Maintenance, DMR & 2, 15, 6, 50, 50C, nuclear/security. Develop seismic upgrade and IGPP capital renewal of 55, 58/A, 64, 70, models for seismic safety of X modernization of select general-purpose 70A, 71, 71A, 77, reactors. Understand actinide older buildings infrastructure 88 behavior. Develop and deploy detectors Seismic Phs. 2 (in for nuclear/security. 2, 6, 15, 50, Inadequate space pending Maintenance, DMR & progress) – GeneralUnderstand radiation effects 50C,55 & 71Aseismic upgrade and IGPP capital renewal of purpose replacement Lab on electronics. Perform 3-D X replacement, modernization of select general-purpose Bldg. 1 (LBNL Building seismic behavior of reactors. 58/A, 64, 70, older buildings infrastructure 33) Simulate core flow and 70A, 71, 77, 88 dynamics. Seismic Phs. 4 (B70) – 2, 6, 15, 50, 55Bldg. 70 replacement replacement bldg. Deploy advanced models and Maintenance, DMR & space, 58/A, 64Some inadequate space Seismic Phs. 5 – Generaldetectors for materials nuclear IGPP capital renewal of replacement pending completion of X purpose replacement Lab safety, including innovative general-purpose space, 70projects in pipeline. Bldg. 3. scintillation detection infrastructure replacement Seismic Phs. 5 – Bldg. 58 space, 70A, 71, upgrade. 77, 88 Mission Ready N M P C FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 118 Core Capability Time Frame Now Applied Materials Science and Engineering In 5 Years In 10 Years Now Applied Math & Advanced Computer Science, Visualization and Data In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Laboratory DOE NGLS CD-0 was Develop nanodevices, highSERC. Maintenance, authorized in FY 2011. efficiency catalysis and energy Limited wet lab and DMR & IGPP capital X 6, 15, 67, 72 Old Town demolition conversion, storage and assembly/high-bay space. renewal of generalstarted. transmission systems purpose infrastructure. NGLS construction including user facility. Develop new energy materials Complete SERC. Complete Old Town at high efficiency through the Maintenance, DMR & demolition. study of nano- and femtoscale IGPP capital renewal of Seismic Phs. 2 – Generalprocess. Pilot testing of Limited wet lab and general-purpose X 6, 15, 67, 72 purpose replacement Lab materials and engineered assembly/high-bay space. infrastructure. Bldg. 1. systems. Design integrated and Rehabilitate and add Seismic Phs. 3 – Generalmore efficient photovoltaic sufficient high-bay and purpose replacement systems. high-ceiling space. bldgs. Complete NGLS Utilize attosecond and construction and start femtosecond probes to Maintenance, DMR & Some inadequate space operation. optimize the design of energy IGPP capital renewal of 6, 15, 67, 72, pending completion of X Seismic Phs. 5 – Generalcapture and storage systems. general-purpose NGLS projects in pipeline. purpose replacement Lab Deploy and further engineer infrastructure Bldg. 3. advanced systems. Algorithms and systems for NGLS, some inadequate CRT. Maintenance, DMR next-generation modeling and space pending completion & IGPP capital renewal of NGLS CD-0 was X 50-complex, OSF data; R&D on low-power authorized in FY 2011 of CRT and modernization general-purpose computing. Modeling and of select older buildings infrastructure. validation for ultrafast science. Complete CRT. Apply advanced modeling to NGLS, some inadequate Maintenance, DMR & NGLS construction sustainable-energy systems. space pending completion 50-complex , IGPP capital renewal of X including user facility Develop software and systems of CRT and modernization general-purpose OSF, CRT for extreme computing. of select older buildings infrastructure. Mission Ready N M P C 50-complex, X NGLS, OSF, CRT In 10 Years Biological Systems Science Now X 6, 15, 55/A, 56, 64, 67, 70A, 74, 83, 84, Donner Lab, JBEI, JGI, Potter (BWB) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Develop and deploy exascale computing, including multimillion processor systems; provide advanced visualization tools; develop low-energy computation systems Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. User facilities to model chemical and materials at the attoscale for lowenergy computation systems. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and start operation. Seismic Phs. 5 – Generalpurpose replacement Lab Bldg. 3. Conduct leading biofuels research, develop biosequestration, achieve multiterabase genome sequencing methods, conduct metagenomics studies of entire biological communities Capability Gap due to dispersal of research. Inadequate space in both number of on-site lab spaces and the capabilities of the older-standard labs, seismically deficient facilities. Need photon user facilities. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure BIF approval. Continue to support advanced instrumentation at the ALS, JGI, Molecular Foundry, JBEI and smaller-scale cuttingedge facilities. 119 Core Capability Time Frame In 5 Years Mission Ready N M P C X Chemical and Molecular Science In 5 Years X 2, 6, 15, 62, 70, 70A, 80 X 2, 6, 15, 62, 70, 70A, 80, SERC 2, 6, 15, 62, 70X replacement, 70A, 80, SERC, NGLS In 10 Years Now Chemical Engineering In 5 Years In 10 Years 55, 56A, 56, ,6, 15, 67, BIF 6, 15, 67, NGLS, X 55 & 56 replment space, BIF In 10 Years Now Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap X 2, 6, 15, 62, 67, 70, 70A, 90 X 2, 6, 15, 62, 70, 70A, 80, SERC 2, 6, 15, 62, 70X replacement, 70A, 80, SERC, NGLS FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Develop comparative metagenomics of entire biological communities. Engineer biofuel crops, microbes, and synthetic systems. Develop and deploy molecules that are currently being made from petroleum, including biofuels and commodity chemicals. Develop plants that do not need nitrogen-based fertilizers. Develop sustainable fuels conversion and sequestration systems; understand molecular processes at nano, femto, and attoscales Develop hybrid chemical conversion, artificial photosynthesis, efficient and affordable photovoltaics Directly observe how electrons move and control chemical bonds. View electron movies, design highly efficient photosynthetic and chemical conversion systems. Develop advanced chemical systems for sustainable energy conversion & storage. Pilot testing of chemical systems and hybrid systems. Pilot testing of chemical systems and hybrid systems Deploy and further engineer advanced chemical systems for DOE missions; provide NGLS molecular engineering capabilities Action Plan Laboratory DOE BIF constructed and occupied. Continue to support advanced instrumentation at ALS, JGI, Molecular Foundry, JBEI, and smaller-scale cutting edge facilities. NGLS construction including user facility. NGLS. Some inadequate space in a couple of onsite seismically deficient facilities. Complete Biosciences consolidation. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure. Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and start operation Inadequate number of laboratory spaces, olderstandard labs; some inadequate space pending seismic replacement SERC. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of generalpurpose infrastructure. NGLS CD-0 was authorized in FY 2011 Inadequate number of laboratory & office spaces, older-standard labs Complete SERC. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure. NGLS construction including user facility Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and begin operation. Seismic Phs. 4 (B70) – Bldg. 70 replacement bldg. Inadequate number of laboratory spaces, olderstandard labs; some inadequate space pending seismic replacement SERC. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of generalpurpose infrastructure. NGLS CD-0 was authorized in FY 2011 Inadequate number of laboratory & office spaces, older-standard labs Complete SERC. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure. NGLS construction including user facility Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and begin operation. Seismic Phs. 4 (B70 ) – Bldg. 70 replacement bldg. 120 Core Capability Time Frame Now Climate Change Science In 5 Years In 10 Years Now Computational Science In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Laboratory DOE Develop and communicate Inadequate space pending data, models, research, and replacement of seismically Maintenance, DMR & NGLS CD-0 has been transformational solutions to IGPP capital renewal of 50-complex, 70, deficient older building. X authorized in FY 2011 understand the forcing general-purpose 70A Limited assembly/highresponse of the Earth’s climate bay space. infrastructure system Develop and deploy data, models, research, and Inadequate space pending Complete CRT. transformational solutions to replacement of seismically Maintenance, DMR & NGLS construction 50-complex, 70, understand and positively deficient older building. IGPP capital renewal of X including user facility 70A, 84 influence the forcing and Limited assembly/highgeneral-purpose response of the Earth’s climate bay space. infrastructure system Complete NGLS Develop, refine, and advance construction and start data models, research, and Maintenance, DMR & 50-complex, 70Some inadequate space operation. transformational solutions to IGPP capital renewal of replacement, pending completion of X Seismic Phs. 4 – Generalunderstand the forcing and general-purpose 70A, 84, CRT, purpose replacement Lab response of the Earth’s climate projects in pipeline. infrastructure NGLS Bldg. 70. system Develop high-performance computing resources to obtain significant results in many Inadequate office space CRT. Maintenance, DMR areas of science and pending completion of & IGPP capital renewal of NGLS CD-0 was CRT. Modernization of X 50-complex, OSF engineering. authorized in FY 2011 general-purpose Develop software and model older infrastructure and infrastructure. algorithms for transformational spaces needed solutions in critical DOE missions. Mission Ready N M P C X 50-complex, OSF, CRT Develop high-performance computing resources to obtain significant results in many areas of science and engineering. Develop software and model algorithms for transformational solutions in critical DOE missions. Inadequate office space pending completion of CRT. Modernization of older infrastructure and spaces needed Complete CRT. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure. NGLS construction including user facility 50-complex, X NGLS, OSF, CRT Develop high-performance computing resources to obtain significant results in many areas of science and engineering. Develop software and model algorithms for transformational solutions in critical DOE missions. Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. User facilities to model chemical and materials at the attoscale for lowenergy computation systems. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and start operation. Seismic Phs. 5 – Generalpurpose replacement Lab Bldg. #3. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 121 Core Capability Time Frame Now Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science In 5 Years In 10 Years Now Environmental Subsurface Science In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Laboratory DOE Discover and understand novel Inadequate number of SERC. Maintenance, NGLS CD-0 has been laboratory and office materials and batteries; DMR & IGPP capital 2, 6, 15, 62, 66, authorized in FY 2011. spaces, older-standard X develop atto- and femtoscale renewal of general67, 72 Old Town demolition. labs. NGLS user science purpose infrastructure. capabilities needed. Complete SERC. NGLS construction Maintenance, DMR & including user facility. Nanofabricate and characterize Inadequate number of IGPP capital renewal of Complete Old Town novel energy systems, probes laboratory and office general-purpose 2, 6, 15, 62, 66, demolition. for attoscale and femtoscale spaces, older-standard X infrastructure; rehabilitate Seismic Phs. 3 – General67, 72 materials science, and energy labs. User facilities for and add sufficient highpurpose replacement systems physics ultrafast science (NGLS). bay and high-ceiling bldgs. space. Complete NGLS Fully understand probe, and construction and start Maintenance, DMR & manipulate materials systems Some inadequate space operation. IGPP capital renewal of 2, 6, 15, 62, 66, at electron orbital scales for pending completion of X Seismic Phs. 5 – Seismic general-purpose 67, 72, SERC advanced materials; conduct projects in pipeline. upgrade of Bldgs. 46 & infrastructure advanced spin physics 58. Research on carbon Some seismically lowMaintenance, DMR & NGLS CD-0 was sequestration, geothermal rated labs & olderIGPP capital renewal of X 6, 15, 64, 70, 70A energy, isotope geochemistry, authorized in FY 2011 standard labs. Limited general-purpose subsurface transport modeling assembly/high-bay space. infrastructure Mission Ready N M P C Pilot testing of enhanced sequestration; development of geothermal, advanced simulation of subsurface processes Inadequate space pending completion of relocations and new buildings. . Limited assembly/highbay space. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure NGLS construction including user facility Deployment of advanced sequestration and remediation technologies. Molecular-scale studies of subsurface environment. Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete NGLS construction and begin operation. Seismic Phs. 4 (B70 ) – Bldg. 70 replacement bldg. X 6, 15, 50complex, 58/A, 62, 67, 71, 72, 77, 77A, 88, ESNET, JGI, JBEI Develop the technology for ultrafast soft X-ray science; R&D needed on NGLS systems components, including high-repetition-rate photocathodes Inadequate space pending seismic upgrade and modernization of select older buildings Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure NGLS CD-0 has been authorized in FY 2011 X 6, 15, 50complex, 58/A, 62, 67, 71, 72, 77, 77A, 88, ESNET, JGI, JBEI Design the experimental facilities for ultrafast science at the NGLS and begin construction; conduct nextgeneration high-energy density physics research Inadequate space pending seismic upgrade and modernization of select older buildings Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure; rehabilitate and add sufficient highbay and high-ceiling space NGLS construction including user facility X 6, 15, 50complex, 64X replacement space, 70replacement space, 70A In 10 Years Now Large-Scale User Facilities/ Advanced Instrumentation In 5 Years 6, 15, 50complex, 64, 70, 70A FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 122 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P C 6, 15, 50complex, 58/A, X 62, 67, 71, 72, 77, 77A, 88, ESNET, JGI, JBEI, NGLS In 10 Years Now Nuclear Physics In 5 Years X 50-complex 50C, 70, 70A, 88, ESNET X 50-complex 50C, 70, 70A, 88, ESNET 50-complex, 70X replacement space, 70A, 88, ESNET In 10 Years Now Particle Physics In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Complete and operate NGLS and other facilities for ultrafast science; develop the full array of NGLS beamlines Action Plan Laboratory Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Seismic deficiencies; insufficient-quality experimental program space Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Seismic deficiencies; some inadequate space pending seismic upgrade and modernization of select older buildings Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Conduct leading nuclear physics experiments at the 88Inch Cyclotron, and at FRIB, SURF, LHC, RHIC and other new facilities Some inadequate space pending completion of projects in pipeline. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Complete Seismic Phs. 4 (B70) – Bldg. 70 replacement bldg. Some seismically lowrated labs & olderstandard labs. . Limited assembly/high-bay space. CRT. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure Old Town demolition started BELLA in operation. Complete Old Town demolition. Seismic Phs. 3 – Replacement Bldgs. Develop nuclear physics experiments for FRIB and SURF. Conduct isotope structure studies at the 88-Inch Cyclotron, study cold and hot nuclear matter at the LHC & RHIC. Fabricate and deploy detectors for FRIB and SURF. Conduct isotope structure studies at the 88-Inch Cyclotron, study cold and hot nuclear matter at the LHC & RHIC. X 50-complex , 70A, 71, 77/A, Old Town Design, build, and analyze data from high-energy-physics experiments, dark-energy and dark-matter studies, and study the properties of neutrinos; develop highest-resolution detectors, high-energy beams X 50-complex, 70A, 71 (incl. BELLA), 77, 77A, CRT, Old Town relocation space Design and build detectors for upgraded experiments at the LHC. Develop new probes for supernova observation. Design, build, and commission MS-DESI. Develop optical accelerators. Space & equipment to achieve detector, accelerator, and cosmology advances & other missions Complete CRT. Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose facilities; Old Town staff and program relocations. 50-complex, 70A, 71 (incl. X BELLA), 77, 77A, CRT, Old Town relocation space Design and build detectors for the highest-energy accelerators. Collaborate on neutrino experiments worldwide. Operate the MSDESI experiment. Safe, mission-ready facilities Maintenance, DMR & IGPP capital renewal of general-purpose infrastructure FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans DOE Complete NGLS construction and begin operation. Seismic Phs. 5 – Generalpurpose replacement Lab Bldg. 3. Seismic Phs. 5 – Bldg. 58 upgrade. 123 Core Capability Time Frame Now Systems Engineering and Integration In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Facilities Objectives Capability Gap Laboratory DOE Develop integrated systems for No integrated buildings SERC. Maintenance, energy efficiency, storage, systems testing facilities; DMR & IGPP capital 25A, 46, 53, 60, sustainable energy conversion. inadequate space; seismic X renewal of general77, 90 Integrated instrument deficiencies purpose infrastructure. engineering. Complete User Test-Bed Modeling and testing of Facility. Complete SERC. integrated systems for Complete Old Town Inadequate space pending Maintenance, DMR & efficiency, conversion and 25A, 46, 53, 60, demolition. relocations and completion IGPP capital renewal of X storage, and security; 77, 90, SERC Seismic Phs. 3 – Generalof new buildings general-purpose engineering advanced purpose replacement infrastructure. instrumentation of beamlines bldgs. Seismic Phs. 5 – GeneralDeploy and further engineer Maintenance, DMR & purpose replacement Lab Some inadequate space advanced chemical systems for IGPP capital renewal of Bldg. 3. pending completion of X 25A, 46, 53, 60, DOE missions; NGLS general-purpose 77, 90, SERC Seismic Phs. 5 – Bldg. 46 projects in pipeline. beamline engineering infrastructure upgrade. Mission Ready N M P C Notes: (1) N = Not Mission Ready; M = Marginal Mission Readiness; P = Partial Mission Readiness; C = Capable;; (2) "Replacement" = gross square foot replacement in one of three safe & modern research buildings; excepting Buildings 70 and 45, which are replaced as individual, safe, modern buildings. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 124 Support Facilities and Infrastructure (Assumes TYSP Implemented) Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Work Environment Post Office X Offices X Cafeteria Recreational/Fitness Child Care User Accommodations Visitor Housing Visitor Center Site Services Library Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap X Bldg. 69 Various locations. Note: Some trailers slated for replacement during term of plan Bldg. 54 - Functional but seismic safety replacement Bldg. 76 Multipurpose Room X X Nonfederal facility completed in 2009 Bldg. 65 X Bldg. 50 Bldg. 26 - Functional but seismic safety upgrade and modernization needed Bldgs. 77, 77A & 78 Bldgs 45 and.48 – Bldg. 48 is functional but not at proper seismic safety standards for this type of facility X Laboratory DOE SLI SLI LIP - Seismic Phs. 3 not applicable Medical X X Maintenance & Fabrication Fire Station X SLI LIP - Seismic Phs. 3 IGPP Project – Bldg. 45 (the Fire Apparatus Garage) was upgraded in FY12/13. Examination & Testing /Storage not applicable Conference and Collaboration Space Auditorium/Theater Bldg. 50 X Conference Rooms Various locations X Collaboration Space Various locations X Utilities Note: Spot repairs are included in annual budget Upgrade initiated in FY10 has been completed. Communications X Technology change may require future modifications. Electrical X Water X Gases X Some building transformers and related equipment in 1960s-era buildings are aging and will be replaced during the term of this Plan. Substation capacity is under review. The Infrastructure Fitness-for-Service Evaluation found the Water & Natural Gas systems in good shape. Waste/Sewer Treatment X Portions of the sewer system are over 40 years old. The Sanitary Sewer System Management Plan is being updated with annual inspections. Storm Water X Portions of the storm-water piping systems including hydraugers, above and below ground, are over 40 years old. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Replace building transformers and related equipment when building condition surveys find a replacement must be scheduled. Pursuant to this report’s findings, a modern Impressed Current System was installed in FY12. Funding will be considered in FY13 & FY14 per 2012 inspection results that show minor repairs needed. Multiyear management and replacement plan is in preparation. 125 Support Facilities and Infrastructure (Assumes TYSP Implemented) Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap C X Portions of the compressors and piping systems are over 40 years old. An Infrastructure Fitness-for-Service Evaluation and a Capacity Assessment found the system in good shape. Parking (surfaces and structures) X Engineering survey completed in 2009 identifies opportunities to add parking as required. Roads & Sid X Pedestrian and vehicular safety improvement opportunities have been identified in a 2009 engineering survey. Compressed Air Steam & Flood Control Laboratory DOE SLI Pursuant to this report finding, a modern Impressed Current System was installed in FY12. not applicable Roads & Grounds Grounds Implement new parking as required during the term of this plan. Many improvements have been completed. Additional corrective actions will continue to be implemented during the term of this plan. X N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 126 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 127 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance The mission of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is to deliver scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs that will accelerate the development and deployment of solutions in clean energy and global security, and in doing so, create economic opportunity for the nation. To execute this mission, ORNL integrates and applies distinctive core capabilities that provide it with signature strengths in neutron science, advanced materials, highperformance computing (HPC), and nuclear science and technology (S&T). The intended outcome is to produce transformational innovations that will enable a 21st century industrial revolution. Location: Oak Ridge, Tennessee Type: Multi-program laboratory Contractor: UT-Battelle, LLC Responsible Field Office: ORNL Site Office Web site: www.ornl.gov/ Managed by UT-Battelle, a partnership of the University of Tennessee (UT) and Battelle Memorial Institute, ORNL was established in 1943 to support the Manhattan Project. From an early focus on chemical technology and reactor development, ORNL’s research and development (R&D) portfolio broadened to include programs supporting U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) missions in scientific discovery and innovation, clean energy, and nuclear security. Today, as DOE’s largest science and energy laboratory, ORNL is engaged in a wide range of programs and partnerships that leverage major national investments in critical research infrastructure, including the world’s foremost resources for neutron science, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR); the world’s most powerful computing complex; and a suite of nuclear and radiological hot cell facilities. ORNL also manages the U.S. ITER project for DOE. Each year ORNL hosts thousands of facility users and visiting scientists, many of whom perform work at its nine user facilities, and supports the development of the next generation of scientific and technical talent. Human Capital: • 4,368 FTEs • 138 Joint faculty • 374 Postdoctoral researchers • 411 Undergraduate and 109 Graduate students • 3,115 Facility users • 2,280 Visiting scientists Core Capabilities Of the 17 core capabilities distributed across DOE’s national laboratories, ORNL possesses 15, indicating the exceptional breadth of its scientific and technological foundation. Each is a substantial combination of people, equipment, and facilities, having unique or world-leading components, and is employed in mission delivery for DOE, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other customers. ORNL’s capabilities extend across the FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Physical Assets: • 4,421 acres and 196 buildings • 3.6M sf in active operational buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $5.0B • 131K sf in Excess Facilities • 795K sf in Leased Facilities FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): ASCR, 99.5 DHS, 39.6 BER, 77.8 WFO, 250 Other DOE, 27.3 BES, 319.8 NNSA, 233.4 FES, 151 NE, 88.4 EM, 17.7 EERE, 170.4 Other SC, 27.5 NP, 29.6 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $1,532.2 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $1,242.7 million WFO (Non-DOE/DHS) Costs: $250.0 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 16.3% DHS Costs: $39.4 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $77.5 million 128 continuum from basic to applied research. Synergies among these core capabilities enable ORNL to attack the fundamental research challenges posed by DOE’s missions and to carry out the translational research required to accelerate the delivery of solutions to the marketplace, with an emphasis on development, demonstration, and deployment. As discussed in more detail in Section 5 and Appendix A, the application of ORNL’s core capabilities to the needs of non-DOE sponsors through Work for Others (WFO) and other mechanisms contributes to ensuring the fullest use of the results of DOE’s investment in R&D. It is also synergistic in that WFO strengthens ORNL’s core capabilities and sustains the Laboratory’s ability to deliver on DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation, clean energy, and global security. 1. Nuclear Physics. ORNL’s nuclear physics core capability spans theoretical and experimental research. The ORNL nuclear theory program makes extensive use of the Laboratory’s computational facilities to investigate the structure and reactions of both neutron-rich and proton-rich rare isotopes and nuclear astrophysical processes. Of note is work on continuum effects and three-nucleon forces in neutron-rich calcium isotopes.2 Computational astrophysics efforts funded by the Office of Nuclear Physics (NP) within DOE’s Office of Science (SC) shed light on the death of massive stars and the consequent nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. The ORNL Physics Division has developed a radical new design of HPGe gamma-ray detector, called the “inverted coaxial point contact” detector. Compared to conventional Ge detectors, the new design has very different charge-carrier drive and collection characteristics. When coupled with digital signal processing, it enables the determination of the positions and energies of multiple gamma-ray interactions with unprecedented precision, a factor of 3–4 better than existing crystals of the same size. A prototype segmented detector, currently being characterized, exhibits excellent performance. Applications include nuclear structure studies with rare isotope beams and Compton imaging. The Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) at SNS is exploiting the special characteristics of this pulsed spallation source to study the detailed nature of the interactions of elementary particles. The first experiment mounted on the FNPB, NPDgamma, began taking data in fiscal year (FY) 2012 and should have a complete data set by mid-2015. It will be followed by the Nab experiment, which obtained funding in late FY 2012. Of particular interest is the study of fundamental symmetries such as parity and time reversal invariance and the manner in which they are violated in elementary particle interactions. One of the key experiments at the FNPB being led by ORNL is focused on the search for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM). This experiment will investigate the nEDM with significantly higher sensitivity than previous experiments and will make precision tests of symmetry principles underlying the Standard Model of particle physics. ORNL also leads a systematic development of light collection devices for this effort and is drawing on its expertise to develop appropriate materials for the inner core of the experimental apparatus. ORNL leads another important test of the Standard Model that comes from searches for the very rare neutrinoless double-beta decay mode of nuclei, which is being pursued as part of the Majorana Demonstrator project, a feasibility demonstration for the proposed ton-scale 76Ge Majorana experiment. The first set of high-purity Ge detectors was recently delivered to the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. In addition, ORNL develops electronics and detectors and conducts relativistic heavy ion physics experiments at both Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). ORNL also expects to be involved in developing and leading experimental programs and building experimental detectors for future rare isotope facilities. ORNL makes significant and unique contributions to nuclear physics research through generation of actinide targets and sources. The unique isotope production and separation capabilities at HFIR and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) that contributed to the discovery of element 117 are being applied to expand international collaborations in superheavy element research, including experiments aimed at the discovery of element 119 and at the discovery of new, and heavier, isotopes of element 117. 3 The capabilities 2 G. Hagen, M. Hjorth-Jensen, G. R. Jansen, R. Machleidt, and T. Papenbrock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 242501 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.242501. 3 Yu. Ts. Oganessian, F. Sh. Abdullin, C. Alexander, J. Binder, R.A. Boll, S.N. Dmitriev, J. Ezold, K. Felker, J.M. Gostic, R.K. Grzywacz, J.H. Hamilton, R.A. Henderson, M.G. Itkis, K. Miernik, D. Miller, K.J. Moody, A.N. Polyakov, A.V. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 129 at REDC were also applied in the production of a very high capacity 252Cf ion source (~ 500 mCi, 252Cf electrodeposition) for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) project at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This facility will provide neutron-rich radioactive beams from the fission fragments of the 252 Cf source, which was installed on CARIBU in September 2012. With the closure of the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility in April 2012, ORNL is exploring the possibility of repurposing the facility for a mission in isotope R&D by acquiring a dual-ported 70 MeV cyclotron for research isotope production. The 25 MV tandem accelerator would be a valuable asset for isotope and nuclear physics R&D as the new cyclotron is being built. The facility remains unique in its ability to deliver post-accelerated beams of nuclei relevant to understanding heavy-element production in supernova explosions, fission products associated with the nuclear fuel cycle, and basic nuclear structure. ORNL continues to achieve breakthroughs and to push the frontiers of discovery in nuclear physics, attacking compelling questions about the nature of the nuclear many-body problem, the fundamental structure of the neutron and the nature of the fundamental forces binding it together, and the origin and stability of the heavy elements. Adding to this excitement is the realization that this nuclear physics capability is well matched to nuclear energy mission goals and national security mission goals in nonproliferation. NP funds work in this area [mission areas SC-22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, as listed in Appendix B]. NP also supports ORNL work on isotope production and applications, as described in Section 3.11. 2. Accelerator Science and Technology. ORNL’s core capability in accelerator S&T includes expertise in both the basic physics of high-intensity beams and the supporting technology for production, acceleration, accumulation, and utilization of high-intensity, high-power beams. The SNS accelerator complex, operating at ~1 MW (megawatt) of beam power on target, is the world’s most powerful pulsed proton accelerator. SNS is recognized as a leading center for the investigation of the dynamics of high-intensity hadron beams and the development of high-power proton targets. To enable SNS to realize its full potential, work is under way to launch a project to design, build, install, test, and commission a second target station (STS) at SNS. Key components include a new spallation target and supporting systems, an enhancement and extension of the SNS accelerator systems, conventional support buildings, and initial neutron beam instruments. ORNL’s strengths in computational science (see Section 3.9) have been applied to the development of modeling tools that are employed at SNS and other high-intensity accelerator facilities; these tools are also being used to design the next generation of spallation neutron sources, high-intensity linear accelerators (linacs), and storage rings. The combination of state-of-the-art beam dynamics modeling tools and access to experimental data on collective, halo-formation, and instability effects in high-intensity linacs and rings gives SNS and ORNL a unique capability. ORNL is also a recognized leader in the development of technologies to accelerate, characterize, manipulate, and utilize high-intensity, high-power particle beams in accelerators and storage rings. ORNL’s core capability in accelerator S&T includes expertise in ion sources and low-energy beam chopping and manipulation, superconducting radio-frequency (rf) technology, high-power target systems, high-power and low-level rf systems, pulsed-power technology, sophisticated control systems for the manipulation of highpower beams, beam-tuning algorithms and high-level real-time accelerator modeling and analysis, and instrumentation to measure properties of high-intensity, high-power beams. Beam instrumentation systems and manipulation techniques developed at ORNL are being incorporated into the next generation of highpower accelerators. A successful project to design, fabricate, and install a spare high-beta cryomodule for the SNS linac demonstrates the application of this core capability and provides confidence in the accelerator systems enhancement needed to support the STS. The impact of the basic research carried out at ORNL in the fields of high-intensity beam dynamics and technology spans all fields of science enabled by high-power hadron accelerators, including materials science, high-energy physics, nuclear physics, nuclear materials irradiation, and other accelerator-driven systems. This expertise is being applied to the analysis of options for a future neutron source that will expand capabilities Ramayya, J.B. Roberto, M.A. Ryabinin, K.B. Rykaczewski, R.N. Sagaidak, D.A. Shaughnessy, I.V. Shirokovsky, M.V. Shumelko, M.A. Stoyer, N.J. Stoyer, V.G. Subbotin, A.M. Sukhov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, V.K. Utyonokov, A.A. Voinov, and G.K. Vostokin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 162501 (2012). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 130 for materials science and facilitate isotope production and materials irradiation. In addition, ORNL’s distinctive capabilities in rare isotope beam production demonstrate sophistication and diversity in applications of accelerator S&T, providing a unique capability for the production of rare proton-rich and neutron-rich isotopes to explore the limits of nuclear stability and astrophysical processes involved in nucleosynthesis. The SC Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program [mission area SC-10] and NP [mission areas SC-25, 30] are the primary sources of funding for the ongoing accelerator S&T activities. 3. Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences. ORNL’s core capability in plasma and fusion energy sciences, coupled with its demonstrated abilities in large-scale high-technology project management and international collaboration, is applied to the mission needs of the SC Fusion Energy Science (FES) program, with two major thrusts: • leading the U.S. contributions to ITER, which is aimed at demonstrating the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power via a partnership between the United States, Europe, Japan, Russian Federation, South Korea, China, and India; and • conducting research in experimental and theoretical plasma physics, plasma technology, and fusion materials both increasing fundamental understanding and supporting ITER. The U.S. ITER Project Office (USIPO), hosted by ORNL, manages the U.S. Contributions to ITER Major Item of Equipment (MIE) project. With partners Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Savannah River National Laboratory, ORNL is coordinating ITER-related project activities throughout the U.S. fusion program and, as appropriately, internationally. As described in the FY 2014 Presidential Budget Request, U.S. ITER activities will total $2.4B for the First Plasma scope at an annual budget of roughly $225M/year, to be followed by the remaining scope leading to burning plasmas. As the pace of ITER construction has increased, the USIPO has placed substantial procurement contracts with suppliers for component fabrication; US hardware contributions include the central solenoid (the world’s most powerful pulsed magnet), a 1 GW cooling-water system, high-power and long-pulse plasma heating systems, electrical power components, parts of the tritium exhaust system, plasma instrumentation, and plasma fueling systems. The USIPO also works with the ITER Organization and other Domestic Agencies to achieve the required integration of management, design, and procurement activities. ORNL researchers gain and offer insights into the integration of burning plasmas and associated large-scale engineering systems relevant to ITER and future fusion reactors. Using HFIR, the nuclear hot cell facilities, and potentially SNS, ORNL researchers study the effects of the interactions of neutrons with plasma-facing and structural materials, thereby contributing to the establishment of a U.S. fusion nuclear science program. ORNL also provides key leadership in plasma theory and advanced computation, atomic and plasma boundary physics, plasma heating and fueling systems, and fusion materials science, utilizing broad experimental and theoretical expertise in high-temperature plasma science and strong synergies with programs focused on materials in extreme environments and computational science. By integrating and applying these capabilities, ORNL enhances understanding of the science of the plasma core, plasma boundary, and plasma–materials interactions, and develops materials and components that can meet the demands of a burning plasma environment and enable fusion research facilities to meet their performance objectives. ORNL’s plasma scientists lead experiments on several facilities, including the DIII-D National Fusion Facility and the National Spherical Torus Experiment, to better characterize and control edge-localized instabilities in existing fusion devices and to improve predictability for ITER. ORNL is DOE’s lead laboratory for ion cyclotron heating and pellet fueling systems and is responsible for providing key enabling technologies and components for ITER, including the pellet fueling system and rf transmission line components for ITER’s plasma-heating systems. ORNL scientists make key contributions in computational materials science and conduct fundamental experiments to provide the understanding needed to support development of advanced alloys and silicon carbide composites. Among the outcomes of the alloy research are dramatic advances in high-strength, low-activation steel with superior high-temperature strength. This research has been leveraged to develop a suite of economical high-strength radiation-resistant steels that derive their properties from a fine dispersion of engineered precipitate nanoclusters. ORNL is investing discretionary funds to support the development of the technical basis for the Material Plasma Exposure Experiment (MPEX) to simulate the divertor conditions for ITER and future fusion reactors FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 131 and to serve as a contributing science facility for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF). A next step for this area of research is for ORNL research leaders to work with the fusion scientific community to build the collaboration teams that will focus and prioritize the U.S. research program for the crucial next decade, including the era following completion of ITER construction. The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) enhances ORNL’s extensive capabilities in plasma theory and simulation by engaging computational scientists in fusion simulation development and visualization. The teaming of ORNL fusion researchers and computational scientists enables key contributions to the understanding of self-organization in plasmas, transport, and rf heating and current drive and plays a significant role in several leading-edge computational activities. SC’s FES program funds work in this area [mission areas SC-17, 18, 20]. 4. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. ORNL is among the nation’s most comprehensive materials research centers, executing a broad range of basic and applied research related to DOE missions. ORNL’s research program centers on understanding multiscale physical and chemical phenomena that underpin the discovery of advanced materials. Our goal is to design materials from the atomic to the systems level with functionalities that will enable new technologies for energy production, storage, and use. This comprehensive program includes state-of-the-art capabilities for the synthesis and characterization of a wide range of materials, including nanophase materials, controlled interfaces, single crystals, polymers, and structural materials. Understanding the interplay between mechanisms at multiple length scales plays a central role in the study of radiation-tolerant alloys, polymer-based multicomponent materials, and deterministically synthesized nanostructures and oxide materials. Multiple length scales are also explored in the imaging of functional properties. These synthesis and characterization capabilities are complemented and extended by broad capabilities in theory and modeling, taking advantage of ORNL’s computational facilities. These computational capabilities are focused on understanding materials properties and dynamics over broad lengthand time- scales and predicting new materials with designed functionalities. In addition, ORNL develops advanced instrumentation (see Sect. 3.15) to provide unprecedented insight into the structure and function of materials at the atomic level, with special emphasis on advanced aberration-corrected electron microscopy, atom-probe tomography, advanced scanning probes, and neutron scattering techniques. For example, recent work by ORNL experts in materials synthesis, molecular dynamics calculations, and scanning transmission electron microscopy explained the origin of nanopores in graphene-based carbon materials in terms of atomicscale defects. 4 Similarly, materials research benefits from the use of SNS and HFIR, including ORNL’s efforts in understanding structure and dynamics of polymers and the discovery of quasi-one-dimensional magnons in an intermetallic semiconductor with strongly anisotropic thermal conductivity. 5 One area of emphasis in the ORNL materials program is understanding materials under extreme conditions, including phenomena that limit the ultimate strength of structural and radiation-tolerant materials. ORNL is home to the Center for Defect Physics in Structural Materials, a BES Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), which takes advantage of the Laboratory’s broad range of characterization and computational tools to understand the fundamental role of defects in materials under extreme conditions—e.g., radiation flux and other stresses—with the goal of ultimately allowing materials to obtain unprecedented strength and function. ORNL’s materials science program includes two BES user facilities, the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) and the Shared Research Equipment User Facility (ShaRE). These facilities annually support hundreds of users from universities, national laboratories, and industry. In addition, they have strong in-house research programs that develop next-generation synthesis approaches, characterization tools, and computational capabilities, providing leading-edge scientific resources to the community. The CNMS research program has three themes: electronic and ionic functionality on the nanoscale, functional polymer and hybrid architectures, and collective phenomena in nanophases. In addition, CNMS has a unique relationship with SNS and HFIR, providing resources such as deuteration and other synthesis techniques, as well as characterization and theory resources, to the users of all three facilities. The ShaRE program centers 4 J. Guo, J. R. Morris, Y. Ihm, C. I. Contescu, N. C. Gallego, G. Duscher, S. J. Pennycook, and M. F. Chisholm, Small 8, 3283 (2012). 5 M. B. Stone, M. D. Lumsden, S. E. Nagler, D. J. Singh, J. He, B. C. Sales, and D. G. Mandrus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 167202 (2012). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 132 on developing state-of-the-art capabilities in electron microscopies and atom probe tomography. The combination of these user facilities, ORNL’s neutron sources (SNS and HFIR), and the OLCF provides ORNL’s core materials science programs with capabilities that facilitate the design of new materials through control of atoms and defects to provide unprecedented functionality and performance under extreme conditions and at interfaces. In implementing a BES recommendation to integrate the ShaRE program into CNMS, we are strengthening our ability to deliver these advances. ORNL’s basic materials science focuses on use-inspired research, including materials that are relevant to electrochemical energy storage, thermoelectrics, photovoltaics, nuclear energy, superconductivity, hydrogen storage and use, and catalysis. This work is closely coupled with the Laboratory’s applied energy research and the applied materials science and engineering program (see Sect. 3.12). BES is the principal sponsor of work enabled by this core capability [mission areas SC-7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. 5. Chemical and Molecular Science. The chemical and molecular science core capability at ORNL is focused on obtaining a molecular-level understanding of the chemical transformations and physical phenomena, especially at interfaces, that underpin DOE’s science, energy, national security, and environmental missions. Major efforts include: • precise synthesis of molecules, supramolecular assemblies, and nanostructured materials with tailored properties • characterization and control of molecular transformations and interfacial processes in catalysis, geosciences, corrosion, electrical energy storage, and separation science • spectroscopy and analytical techniques focused on characterization of interfaces, especially mass spectrometry and chemical imaging techniques • theory and modeling of the structure, dynamics, energetics, and reactions of complex materials and interfaces Chemistry researchers make extensive use of the assets available at ORNL’s user facilities, including neutrons from SNS and HFIR, the synthesis and characterization tools at CNMS and ShaRE, and the computational resources of OLCF. For example, inelastic neutron scattering and in situ Raman spectroscopy were coupled with density functional theory to probe the orientation and bonding of a quinone molecule adsorbed onto onion-like carbon. This provides a model system for understanding proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions that are crucially important in many energy-related reactions, such as CO2 reduction and water oxidation. 6 ORNL researchers have also used self-assembly of simple molecular and ionic components to construct elaborate ion-pair helical architectures that can bind a predetermined ion pair. This opens new prospects for ion-pair separations, as metal sulfates could potentially be extracted selectively as selfassembled helicates from aqueous solutions, which is important in waste remediation and metallurgical applications. 7 A particular strength of the chemical sciences portfolio at ORNL is understanding and controlling transport and reactions at interfaces. The EFRC on Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures, and Transport (FIRST) Center is focused on developing a fundamental understanding and validated predictive models of molecular-level structure, dynamics, and transport at the fluid–solid interface relevant in catalysis and electrochemical energy storage phenomena in batteries and capacitors. For example, ab initio molecular dynamics studies was used to describe, for the first time, the spontaneous reduction of a Li-ion battery electrolyte salt (LiPF6) and the formation of passivating LiF agglomerates and other products on a graphitic anode surface. This explains the previous experimental results of finding LiF as the main component of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and opens the possibility of creating an “artificial SEI” with high Li-ion transfer rates to overcome current limitations in charging rate, capacity, and cycle life.8 6 M. Anjos, A. Kolesnikov, Z. Wu, Y. Cai, M. Neurock, G. M. Brown and S. H. Overbury, Carbon 52, 150–157 (2013). R. Custelcean, P. Bonnesen, B. Roach, and N. Duncan, Chem. Commun. 48, 7438–7440 (2012). 8 P. Ganesh, P. R. C. Kent, and D. Jiang, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 24476–24481 (2012). 7 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 133 This program reflects a close coupling of basic research, including BES [mission areas SC-7, 8, 9, 11] and Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs, and applied research programs in energy and national security. For example, the Next-Generation Caustic Side Solvent Extraction process brought a fundamental discovery to the technology that is enabling the cleanup of more than 34 million gallons of highlevel tank waste at DOE’s Savannah River Site. This process could enable a 20% increase in throughput for the Salt Waste Processing Facility and provide savings of $1 billion or more. Advanced separation techniques are also being applied in the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) projects for isolation of uranium from seawater, developing more efficient separation methods for americium and other minor actinides, and for improved recovery of rare earth materials. Mass spectrometry techniques are being applied to a range of national security projects for ultratrace detection; to BER, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and WFO projects for proteomics; and to separation of stable isotopes for NP. 6. Climate Change Science. ORNL addresses the implications of climate change at scales from local to global and leads fundamental studies of climate change impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle and other biogeochemical cycles and their connections to other natural and human systems. The Laboratory is advancing climate change science through forward-thinking investments in computational infrastructure and methods, active partnerships in coupled climate modeling, and experimental programs focused on biogeochemical cycles and terrestrial ecosystems. These investments are coordinated through ORNL’s Climate Change Science Institute (CCSI), which facilitates the integration of modeling, observations, and experiments to produce transparent and accessible quantitative scientific knowledge to address climate change, while fostering and enhancing collaborations among scientists. A search for a full-time CCSI director is in progress. Many of the key questions in climate change science require the development of a new generation of comprehensive climate models known as Earth system models (ESMs), which predict the coupled chemical, biogeochemical, and physical evolution of the climate system. ORNL is leading a multilaboratory partnership in the development, deployment, and use of ultrahigh-resolution Earth system modeling capabilities. Earth system modeling at ORNL is backed by the Laboratory’s core capabilities in computational science and advanced computer science, visualization, and data, which have enabled the development of exceptional strength in computational climate science. ORNL has a significant role in a multilaboratory consortium to improve model-based climate prediction for the BER program’s Climate Science for a Sustainable Energy Future project, which will prepare numerical models for the next generation of high-end computing architectures to better quantify uncertainties in climate predictions. Other complementary activities, including exploration of regional simulation frameworks and the development of novel numerical methods through the DOE Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program, shore up a strong foundation in computational climate science. ORNL is at the forefront in determining how terrestrial ecosystems respond to changes in temperature, atmospheric CO2, and precipitation because of its investments in experimental manipulations and carbon and water cycle observational systems. Such studies provide data to enable improvements in integrated ESMs, and evaluation of ESM model uncertainty suggests pathways for empirical studies in return. Two primary fieldbased projects draw on this core capability. Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change (SPRUCE), an ecosystemscale manipulation study in northern Minnesota, will reveal new insights about climate change effects on the structure and functioning of spruce and peatland areas. The experiment warms whole-ecosystem footprints to a range of temperatures from 0 to +9 °C and duplicates these temperature treatments in atmospheres with CO2 levels more than twice those currently observed. Such manipulations allow us to quantify ecosystem responses to projected changes in climate that cannot be evaluated by observations of climate variability. The other major project is Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE)–Arctic, BER’s innovative concept for coupling models with experimental and observational campaigns in the Arctic with a focus on long-term ecosystem studies through model-inspired research activities. In addition to the large field research efforts, ORNL conducts mechanistic studies (e.g., soil carbon cycle, allocation of carbon within plants) to better define processes within models essential for predicting future conditions. Climate change science at ORNL is supported by advanced networking capabilities and high-profile climate data repositories and services [e.g., the Earth System Grid, the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 134 the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Archive, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics]. ORNL is the premier source for reliable global and national time series of the major anthropogenic source of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use. ORNL is a leader in the climate change community in the application of advanced cyber technologies to the evaluation of climate change consequences, including decision support tools to deal with ever-increasing data complexity. ORNL’s extensive work in energy technologies and their impacts and the strong fundamental science base on which it draws provide insights into adaptation strategies, while the Laboratory’s national security engagement yields insights into the impacts of societal adaptation to climate change and the associated national security implications. BER [mission areas SC-13, 15] is the primary sponsor for work enabled by this core capability, which also serves the needs of NNSA [NS-2], NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 7. Biological Systems Science. ORNL scientists in plant molecular biology and microbiology develop and apply advanced integrated “-omics” capabilities to solve problems in bioenergy, climate change, carbon sequestration, and the health effects of low-dose radiation, supported by BER. The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) is pioneering systems biology science leading to economical and sustainable production of biomass material and its conversion to biofuel and other products. BESC integrates the efforts of researchers from DOE laboratories, industry, and academia to provide a pipeline from the fundamental “-omics” to feedstock development and pilot-scale demonstrations. ORNL is also developing and applying synthetic biology approaches for improving biofuels production and in support of other DOE missions. Most recently, ORNL has begun a major effort in engineering biofuels feedstocks for significantly improved water utilization characteristics. ORNL also examines the societal implications of biosystems design research, especially in biofuels. ORNL’s strengths in proteomics, metabolomics, and protein interactions using mass spectrometry, and in transcriptomics using designed microarrays, are being augmented with the ability to perform genomic resequencing to determine changes in mutant organisms with improved properties and to apply and mRNA sequencing to transcriptomics. These data-rich experimental efforts interface with leadership bioinformatics expertise in microbial annotation and in construction and interpretation of complex systems biology data in knowledgebases. Thus, ORNL is a partner in the Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) project led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), which is developing a knowledgebase that will broadly serve the genomics community. Application of neutron scattering techniques coupled with biophysics-based computational science modeling is opening new vistas on the enzymatic reactions that break down lignocellulose. In addition, BER supports the Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB) and the Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering instrument (BioSANS) at HFIR. The CSMB takes advantage of specialized facilities for sample deuteration, neutron scattering, and HPC. All of these resources are focused on current projects for BER and on DOE-related R&D for other customers. Research on plant-microbe interactions seeks to understand and predict carbon sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere and ecosystem response to climate change. This emphasis on complex interactions between organisms at the molecular level is also a focus for the ORNL effort in other BER projects, such as the LBNL-led Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies (ENIGMA) effort, which examines interactions in microbial communities. Such studies are aided by advanced analytical and imaging capabilities being developed through programs in bioenergy and radiochemistry. ORNL expertise in nuclear medicine and radioisotope imaging has been applied to a collaborative research effort focused on understanding plant signaling through radiochemical imaging of vascular protein traffic. This frontier research supports BER missions in the areas of sustainable bioenergy and carbon sequestration. Principal funding for this area comes from BER [mission areas SC-12, 15, 16], Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) [ES-3], NIH, DoD, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 8. Environmental Subsurface Science. ORNL capabilities in environmental subsurface science are advancing the fundamental understanding of complex multiscale processes that control the transport and transformation of contaminants (U, Tc, Hg, Cr, dense nonaqueous phase liquids, nitrate, etc.) in natural environments. These advances are enabling the development of solutions to decades-old legacy contamination issues across the DOE complex. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 135 ORNL’s field-scale facilities play a significant role in examining the transport and fate of uranium and nitrate. The capability has been utilized to support other BER-sponsored programs (e.g., ENIGMA) and is transferable to examining nutrient and element cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and the impact of various byproducts of energy production on environmental systems. Computational modeling of the subsurface process has significantly enhanced ORNL’s capability to predict contaminant transport and fate and the behavior of chemical elements of concern in the subsurface. ORNL also directs one of the world’s largest ongoing efforts in mercury research. This program brings together leading experts in mercury geochemistry, microbiology (microbial ecology and genetics), biochemistry, computational molecular chemistry, and hydrology. This assembly of mercury researchers and the Science Focus Area (SFA) research agenda is distinctive because of the combined diverse expertise and the critical mass of researchers. Particular emphases include elucidation of the detailed molecular mechanisms and microbial interactions in the relevant reducing environment of the stream bed for inorganic mercury transformation to methylmercury, and vice versa. The program uses the state-of-the-art scientific tools available at ORNL, such as neutron scattering techniques and advanced computational capabilities, and at other DOE facilities, such as the Advanced Photon Source, the Advanced Light Source, the Joint Genome Institute, and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. Recently, through the use of chemical principles, comparative genomics, and structural informatics, the research team pinpointed the genes involved in mercury methylation by microbes, painstakingly verifying their work by genetic manipulation and analytical assay experiments. Thus the program investigators cracked a more than 40 year old mystery of the genetic basis of microbial mercury methylation.9 ORNL’s expertise in element and nutrient cycling in the environment is also relevant to DOE goals for carbon sequestration. Research activities focus on understanding how carbon cycling is influenced by hydrological and geochemical processes caused by warming-induced changes in the regional vadose and saturated zone hydrology. The program actively uses a wide range of state-of-the-art facilities at ORNL, including SNS, HFIR, OLCF, and CNMS. ORNL programs in subsurface science apply an integrated systems approach that leads to new multiprocess, multiscale predictive tools that inform and improve the technical basis for decision-making at contaminated sites throughout the DOE complex. As DOE considers changes in emphasis (e.g., less emphasis on contaminants), new opportunities will emerge that utilize ORNL’s capabilities in environmental subsurface science to develop an improved watershed-scale understanding of nutrient and element cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and to develop an understanding of the impact of energy-derived by-products on the subsurface environment. Funds for this work are provided by BER [mission areas SC-14, 15], the DOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) [EM-1, 2, 3], NNSA [NNSA-1], DoD, and NASA. 9. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data. ORNL’s computational capability includes experts in system software, component technologies, architecture-aware algorithms, runtime, resilient computation, virtualization, computational steering, networking, real-time and large-scale data analytics, and cyber security. ORNL’s scientists develop tools and software to make ORNL’s HPC capability more effective and accessible for scientists and engineers working on problems of national importance. In addition, we conduct research in core technologies for future generations of high-end computing architectures, including experimental computing systems and predictive performance. Using measurement, modeling, and simulation, ORNL investigates these technologies to improve the performance, efficiency, reliability, and usability of extreme-scale architectures and applies the results to develop new algorithms and software systems to effectively exploit the specific benefits of each technology. ORNL is home to a national center of excellence in HPC architecture and software, the Extreme Scale Systems Center funded by DOE and DoD. All of these R&D activities contribute to accelerating the HPC technology roadmap with a goal of delivering exascalecapable systems later this decade. ORNL develops key capabilities in knowledge discovery and data analytics from dynamic, diverse data sources and applies advanced techniques for visual data understanding to scientific data in order to find visualization methods that are more effective and better integrated with other 9 J. M. Parks, A. Johs, M. Podar, R. Bridou, R. A. Hurt Jr., S. D. Smith, S. J. Tomanicek, Y. Qian, S. D. Brown, C. C. Brandt, A. V. Palumbo, J. C. Smith, J. D. Wall, D. A. Elias, and L. Liang, Science 339 (6125), 1332–1335 (2013), DOI: 10.1126/science.1230667. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 136 scientific discovery efforts within DOE. A specific resource to enable high-end data visualization is the revitalized Exploratory Visualization Environment for REsearch in Science and Technology (EVEREST), a scientific laboratory deployed and managed by the OLCF. EVEREST provides tools to be leveraged by scientists for analysis and visualization of simulation data generated on the OLCF supercomputers. In 2013, ORNL completed a total remodel of EVEREST, including a 33 megapixel wall designed for ease of use and self-service by scientists. In addition, ORNL develops advanced capabilities in data systems, data analytics, modeling and simulation (M&S), cyber security, and quantum information S&T for national mission challenges in science, energy assurance, national security, and health care. The Virtual Office Community and Computing (VOCC) Project, part of the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) led by ORNL, is designing, developing, maintaining, and scaling collaboration environments to support CASL, with an emphasis on distributed collaborative coding, computing, M&S, and agile communications and information management. At SNS, experimental data is currently collected at a rate of ~1 terabyte (TB) per day, which will rise to ~2–3 TB/day as the full complement of instruments becomes available. ORNL has developed a streaming data acquisition system for capturing data from the neutron detectors and the sample environment equipment. The system provides real-time feedback to users and data collected is instantly available to the user and for processing on a high-performance computing infrastructure. This streaming data infrastructure is up and running on the HYSPEC (Hybrid Spectrometer) instrument and is scheduled for wider deployment through FY 2013 and FY 2014. ORNL is extending this coupling of HPC and experiment data to provide theoretical interpretation of the experimental data based on M&S and visualization, on the same time scale as the experimental measurements themselves. This marriage of computational and experimental facilities will create a powerful real-time feedback loop between theory and experiment, greatly enhancing the precious experimental beam time and accelerating the process of scientific discovery. Funding comes from SC’s Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program [mission area SC 2, 3], BES [mission area SC-10], and WFO customers such as DHS [mission areas HS-1, 2, 3, 5], DoD, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 10. Computational Science. ORNL is the world’s most capable complex for computational science as a result of its outstanding staff, infrastructure, and computers dedicated to a research portfolio that covers the full span of the Laboratory’s interests. A distinctive feature of this core capability is the ability to build multidisciplinary teams to execute breakthrough science through scalable algorithms and codes on massively parallel hardware running >106 processes consuming petabytes of data. ORNL’s Cray Titan supercomputer has peak performance of 27 petaflops (PFs). As the flagship system of the OLCF, Titan offers sustained petascale performance on scientific applications and unparalleled bandwidth to disks and networks. ORNL computational scientists are working closely with science teams to make effective use of this power. A necessary component of ORNL’s computational science capability is a healthy HPC ecosystem that provides (1) ubiquitous access to data and workstation-level computing; (2) broad access to midrange cluster and large “capacity computing” supercomputer systems, and (3) appropriate access to capability and leadership computing systems. This ecosystem is leveraged by multiple sponsors. In particular, the National Science Foundation (NSF) fielded the 1.2 PF (peak) Cray XT5 Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS), which is managed by a UT-ORNL partnership. The UT-ORNL team recently responded to NSF’s solicitation for a follow-on system to Kraken with a proposal that includes a $20M commitment by the state of Tennessee. In addition, NOAA is fielding petascale capabilities within the ORNL computational science enterprise, leveraging the expertise and infrastructure supported by DOE to address national needs and attracting talented computational scientists, computer scientists, and applied mathematicians to ORNL’s computational science complex. Ultrascale computing capability is required by almost all scientific disciplines of interest to DOE, including materials science, chemistry, plasma physics, astrophysics, nuclear physics, biology, climate change impacts, nuclear fission, knowledge discovery, and applied mathematics. In order to ensure accurate and reliable scientific predictions, advanced uncertainty quantification (UQ) methodologies must be developed and seamlessly included in the experiment design as well as in the analysis, verification, and validation processes. ORNL is harnessing computational science and engineering for the discovery and development of new FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 137 materials and processes essential for maintaining leadership in energy technologies. Energy technology program offices have demonstrated interest in developing predictive M&S capabilities for energy systems such as electricity transmission, electrochemical energy storage, solar photovoltaic conversion, and light water reactors (LWRs). Predictive simulation for nuclear reactors and for energy conversion, storage, and use will increasingly be applied to improving the manufacturability, safety, and performance of these systems. In fact, the vision of CASL is to predict, with confidence, the performance of nuclear reactors through comprehensive, science-based M&S technology leading to new coupled, high-fidelity capabilities needed to address LWR operational and safety performance-defining phenomena. Over the past decade, these sponsors have become increasingly dependent on the ability to efficiently capture, analyze, and steward large volumes of highly diverse data. In addition, data-centric discovery is one of the new frontiers of science and technology. There is a growing need for data science resources on the scale of the computational sciences resources supplied by ORNL today. ORNL has responded to this growing need by establishing the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) to provide an integrated data science infrastructure supported over the long term to create a new environment for scientific discovery, enabling scientists to free themselves from trying to manage, manipulate and process large data sets and concentrate on extracting the scientific meaning of the theoretical, experimental, and observational data. The confluence of growing mission requirements from SC, NE, NSF, NOAA, and other federal agencies has created a thriving environment for computational science at ORNL. Funding for this work comes from ASCR [mission areas SC-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], other SC programs [mission areas SC-7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 18], and NE and EERE [mission areas ES 2, ES-7]. ORNL also invests discretionary resources in development and application of this core capability. 11. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. ORNL’s core capability in applied nuclear S&T enables the Laboratory to support DOE missions in nuclear fission and fusion energy; address challenges in nuclear nonproliferation, national security, and environmental management; and carry out isotope production and R&D. ORNL’s extensive nuclear infrastructure includes HFIR, REDC, and other radiochemical and material laboratories that are unique within the DOE complex and in some cases the world. ORNL’s ability to produce heavy actinide isotopes such as 252Cf (with support from NP) is unmatched. HFIR, with the highest flux in the world, is heavily utilized for isotope production, material irradiations for fission and fusion energy systems, and neutron activation analysis (NAA) for ultra-trace science applications such as nuclear forensics. The ORNL hot cells enable radiochemical separations, analyses, and nuclear material examinations needed to solve problems in the management of nuclear material such as used fuel; the detection of nuclear signatures important to nuclear fuel cycle management and security; the development of safer, more efficient nuclear fuels; the design, sustainability, and reliability of nuclear reactors; the production of transcurium, medical, and high specific activity isotopes; and the creation of engineered materials for fusion energy systems. ORNL’s concentrated experience in the operation and utilization of these unique nuclear facilities is a national asset in and of itself, comprising capabilities and expertise in irradiation experiment design, fabrication, safety analysis, transportation, and post-irradiation examination. ORNL staff have a long history of leadership in nuclear computational analysis, and the Laboratory’s computing facilities provide a platform for M&S to advance our understanding of the fuel cycle and improve the efficiency and utilization of nuclear systems and associated experimental facilities. ORNL’s hybrid deterministic–Monte Carlo technology has transformed computational radiation transport and enabled highfidelity, reliable solutions to a variety of radiation transport problems, from full-scale fission and fusion reactor facilities to prediction of expected dose resulting from detonation of an improvised nuclear device in an urban area. The combination of this core capability with ORNL computing facilities and expertise is a critical asset for CASL, which is applying M&S to understand challenging technology problems within LWR system operations and propose solutions that can improve reactor performance. ORNL also applies this core capability to advanced reactor concept development, including advanced small modular reactor (SMR) applications, and to the development of tools and technologies for nuclear nonproliferation, including nuclear forensics. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 138 ORNL’s extensive nuclear fuel cycle resources, which include both personnel and facilities, underpin significant support to U.S. Government nuclear security efforts. ORNL performs research, development, and deployment of technology to address nuclear security challenges. Additionally, coordinated forensics efforts include sampling science, analysis, and evaluation with the integration of ORNL non-nuclear S&T expertise for the development of advanced tools and techniques that advance nuclear materials analysis for forensic applications. Sustained interest and investment in nuclear power in the United States and throughout the world highlight the value of these capabilities to DOE, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and other sponsors. Funding in this area comes from several sources, including NE, SC, NNSA, DHS, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), NASA, NRC, and other government agencies [mission areas SC-3, 31, 32; ES-2; NNSA-1, 2, 3]. 12. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. ORNL’s core capability in applied materials science and engineering directly supports DOE’s missions in clean energy, national security, and industrial competitiveness. Programs building on this core capability are focused on (1) innovations and improvements in materials synthesis, processing, and design; (2) determination and manipulation of critical structure– property relationships, and (3) materials performance and lifetime prediction in application-relevant, often very extreme environments. Current R&D areas include energy-efficient and advanced manufacturing; lightweight materials (e.g., carbon fibers and carbon fiber composites, magnesium, and titanium); replacement and separation technologies for critical materials; advanced steels and coatings; nuclear fuels and structural materials; batteries; lightweight materials for transportation; and long-lived alloys, ceramics, and carbons for service in extreme environments (e.g., high temperature/pressure/stress) and radiation environments. Research in these areas supports major DOE programs for FES, EERE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), NE, and Office of Fossil Energy (FE), as well as other federal agencies (DoD, NRC, NASA, and others), and a number of nonfederal WFO customers. A key strength of ORNL’s materials science program is the close coupling of basic and applied R&D. For example, ORNL’s role in EERE’s new Energy Innovation Hub, the Critical Materials Institute (CMI) led by Ames Laboratory, draws on separations and synthesis science developed with support from BES. ORNL activities in support of CMI will focus on the life cycle of critical materials, including recycling and resource recovery, and on the development of more efficient manufacturing techniques, strategies for improving critical materials extraction, and substitute materials This core capability is a fundamental resource for ORNL’s theme of materials under extremes, which brings the Laboratory’s resources to bear on the development of new and improved materials for fission and fusion energy, transportation, steam generation, and a broad array of industrial applications. Other elements of this core capability include novel processing techniques for innovative manufacturing, materials joining, surface engineering, mechanical and environmental testing, and physical property determinations. The integration of experimental capabilities with state-of-the-art characterization and computational resources results in the development of new materials and processes with transformational impacts on energy technologies. These research programs also access, via peer-reviewed proposals, SC-supported user facilities at ORNL, including resources in electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (ShaRE), neutron scattering (SNS and HFIR), nanoscience (CNMS), and HPC. The Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF), supported by EERE’s Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), provides ORNL with an additional tool for translating scientific discoveries into solutions for rebuilding and revitalizing America’s manufacturing industries. MDF focuses on additive manufacturing and production of low-cost carbon fiber and composites, taking advantage of ORNL core capabilities in materials, chemistry, and computation. For example, neutron scattering is being used to understand stress in materials produced by additive manufacturing. Similarly, researchers at MDF and CNMS are working together to explore new directions in additive manufacturing based on polymer-based materials. The Carbon Fiber Technology Facility (CFTF), funded by EERE, is designed to provide pilot-scale demonstration of technologies for producing low-cost and/or high-performance carbon fiber. Activities include the evaluation of new fiber precursors, such as lignin and novel synthetic polymers, and new fiber treatments. Partnerships FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 139 with industry are facilitated by the Oak Ridge Carbon Fiber Composites Consortium, which has more than 40 industry members. Funding from DOE’s applied energy programs, as well as other federal agencies and non-government sources, supports strong industrial interactions and technology transfer. These relationships result in considerable impact in materials production and utilization, with potential benefits for power production and transmission, energy-efficient vehicles, and spacecraft power systems. Funding comes from EERE and NE [mission areas ES-1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13, 15], NNSA [NNSA-1,3], DHS [HS-9], and DoD and other WFO customers. 13. Chemical Engineering. ORNL’s core capability in chemical engineering moves knowledge gained from fundamental chemical research toward applications important to DOE’s missions. For example, this capability supports the development of fuel reprocessing techniques for NE and enables radioisotope production, isotope separation, and development of isotope applications for NP and other customers. Innovative chemical processes being developed for recovery and recycle of non-nuclear materials from used nuclear fuel assemblies have great potential for simplifying secure used fuel disposition pathways and reducing the mass and volume of the waste stream. This capacity also contributes to advances in energy efficiency, renewable energy, fossil energy, waste management and environmental remediation, and national security. For example, physical and chemical techniques for carbon capture, with applications for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are being examined using novel adsorbents; including nanostructured materials (see Sect. 3.5). Chemical engineering efforts at ORNL make use of a variety of distinctive resources: radiological laboratories and nuclear facilities, including REDC and Building 4501; biochemical laboratories for investigating environmental and biofuels technologies; chemistry and materials characterization resources (e.g., ShaRE, SNS, and CNMS); and specialized combustion and catalytic emission control research facilities at the National Transportation Research Center (NTRC). Technology development through chemical engineering often builds directly on fundamental research supported by SC in materials design, synthesis, and processing; chemical separations and catalysis; and neutron scattering, computational science (leveraging the HPC resources of OLCF), and nanoscience (leveraging CNMS). In many cases, ORNL researchers involved in the original discovery science contribute ideas and advice for the further development of processes to accelerate practical application and technology transfer. For example, special chelating compounds, computationally designed and synthesized with BES support, are being applied to the capture of wastes at Savannah River and Hanford in projects sponsored by EM and other DOE offices. The ability to isolate radioactive cesium ions from waste at Savannah River affords estimated savings of more than $1B. Funding in this area originates from several sources, including NP, NE, EM, NNSA, and EERE [mission areas ES-1, ES-3]. 14. Systems Engineering and Integration. ORNL’s core capability in systems engineering and integration is critical to its ability to translate breakthrough science into robust technologies, systems, and methods that address high-risk, high-complexity, multidisciplinary issues of national importance. This core capability is manifested in a culture that effectively creates and manages complex systems by (1) developing detailed analytical processes to establish requirements, (2) analyzing candidate system architectures, (3) engineering in critical performance attributes, and (4) delivering systems that operate as expected from the outset and maintain their performance over extended periods with little to no intervention. Fundamental to the successful integration and reliable functioning of these complex systems are sensor networks, measurements, and instrumentation that enable safe, optimum and sustainable operation. Thus, while the facilities, teams, and equipment encompassed by this core capability are distributed across ORNL, the Laboratory’s Measurement Science and Systems Engineering Division provides a focal point for the translation of science to applications through the creation and application of foundational capabilities and technologies in electronics, sensors, signals processing, and integrated systems R&D. The ability to solve problems holistically is essential to virtually all major ORNL programs and activities. Thus, this capability provides assistance to other core capabilities in delivering mission outcomes for a diverse set of sponsors, as illustrated by the following examples. In leading the U.S. ITER Project for DOE (see Sect. 3.3), ORNL not only coordinates the U.S. contributions to ITER, which are being executed by more than 300 companies and universities, but also supports the ITER FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 140 International Organization in the integration of thousands of devices and systems contributed by all seven ITER Domestic Agencies. In applying and extending its strengths in systems engineering and project management to support this endeavor, ORNL is building resources for future large systems engineering efforts and international partnerships. ORNL programs deliver and integrate innovations for cost-effective improvements in the energy efficiency of buildings, vehicles and engines, manufacturing, and electricity delivery. With the new Maximum Energy Efficiency Buildings Research Laboratory (MAXLAB), ORNL offers unparalleled resources for assessing new building technologies, systems, and processes; examining how these innovations interact in residential and commercial buildings; and exploring whole-building and community integration. The integration of clean buildings, renewable energy sources, and electric vehicles (EVs) is also advanced through ORNL’s operation of its own electricity distribution system, which serves as a test bed for innovative electricity delivery technologies, and management of a Power Delivery Research Center that includes facilities for testing transmission lines, advanced conductors, power electronics, high-current cables, and distributed energy communication and controls. ORNL’s core capability in nuclear S&T, its decades of experience with nuclear operations, and its unique expertise in nuclear materials management have been integrated to strengthen the nation’s nuclear forensic science capability. High-precision chemical and isotope mass spectrometry expertise and instruments have been brought together at the Ultra-trace Forensic Science Center, which also houses distinctive resources for collection science and specialty sampling system development. By combining advanced analytical capabilities, subject matter expertise, and nuclear processing operations, ORNL is meeting urgent needs in national security and basic science. This core capability also underpins the development and deployment of large-scale systems such as SNS, the cold neutron source at HFIR, and the HPC systems and infrastructure of the OLCF. All of these activities draw on ORNL’s multidisciplinary engineering expertise, its exceptional resources in measurement and control systems, and its broad M&S and visualization capabilities. Funding comes from a number of sources, including SC; EERE, OE, and NE [mission areas ES-2, 4, 5, 6, 7]; DHS [HS-1, 2, 3, 4]; NRC; DoD; and EPRI. 15. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. ORNL has a distinguished record in the design, procurement, construction, and operation of major facilities for DOE and in the development of advanced instrumentation for acquisition, management, analysis, and visualization of experimental data. Distinguishing features of these facilities are innovative instrumentation and world-class research programs that serve to motivate and attract users. The DOE user facilities listed in Table 3.1 provide unmatched capabilities to ORNL staff and to a growing user community from universities, industry, other national laboratories, and other research institutions. Outreach efforts ensure that students and postdoctoral associates are well represented in the user population and receive full access to conduct their research. These facilities offer a diverse set of tools for experiments across DOE’s missions. Instrument development enables effective use of these and other research facilities at ORNL and at other DOE laboratories. SNS and HFIR together provide the world’s foremost instrumentation for studying the structure and dynamics of materials using neutron beams. SNS is now, and will remain for at least a decade, the world’s most powerful pulsed spallation neutron source. For neutron scattering experiments that require a steady-state source, HFIR offers thermal and cold neutron beams that are unsurpassed worldwide. Both facilities have achieved stable and reliable operations: SNS is operating at ~1 MW and annually delivering 4500 hours of neutron production with >90% reliability, and HFIR is operating at close to 100% predictability and annually delivering 3400 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Table 3.1. Large-scale user facilities at ORNL • Building Technologies Research and Integration Center • Carbon Fiber Technology Facility • Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences • Center for Structural Molecular Biology • High Flux Isotope Reactor • Manufacturing Demonstration Facility • National Transportation Research Center • Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility • Shared Research Equipment User Facility • Spallation Neutron Source 141 operating hours. To enable effective use of these powerful facilities, ORNL develops unique experimental systems involving detectors, sample environments, data acquisition systems, and optics systems. New instruments at SNS and HFIR are developed with input from potential users to ensure that the scientific needs of the various communities are met. BES funds the design and construction of most instruments; NSF funding has supported the design of one instrument at SNS and the construction of another at HFIR. SNS has also attracted funding from other nations to construct instruments: the Canadian government funded the construction of an engineering diffractometer, and the German government funded the construction of a spin echo spectrometer. As is the case for all instruments at SNS and HFIR, 75% of available beam time on these instruments is available through the general user program. The neutron instrumentation is complemented by world-class synthesis capabilities—including deuteration capabilities—and materials characterization developed in ORNL’s research programs, some of which are available at CNMS and ShaRE. Such strong synergy between ORNL’s user facilities is a hallmark of ORNL research. For example, CNMS and OLCF have established a strong set of common users as a direct result of an integrated approach to the planning, design, and operation of these facilities. HFIR’s highly flexible design enables it to serve multiple missions. In addition to outstanding capabilities for neutron scattering, it is also used for isotope production, materials irradiation, and NAA, an extremely sensitive technique for determining the existence and quantities of major, minor, and trace elements in a material sample. These activities have a far-reaching impact across disciplines comparable to that of the neutron scattering research conducted using HFIR. The HPC resources of OLCF, including the Cray XK7, Titan, are made available through DOE’s Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program, which OLCF manages in partnership with the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility; through discretionary allocations managed by SC; and through discretionary allocations managed by the OLCF director. As a result, OLCF gives computational researchers an opportunity to tackle problems that would be impossible to solve on other systems. The facility welcomes investigators from universities, government agencies, and industry who are prepared to perform breakthrough research in climate, materials, alternative energy sources and energy storage, chemistry, nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum mechanics, and the gamut of scientific inquiry. Because it is a unique resource, OLCF focuses on the most ambitious research projects—projects that provide new knowledge or enable new technologies. In partnership with UT, ORNL also manages NICS as a user facility for NSF; most NICS resources are allocated through the NSF Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Experiment (XSEDE) allocation process. Two new facilities sponsored by EERE, MDF and CFTF, provide expertise and advanced instrumentation that is helping U.S. industry to develop cutting-edge solutions that use less energy, reduce waste, enable stronger and lighter structural parts, and, in doing so, strengthen the nation’s manufacturing base (see Sect. 4.6.3 for more detail). Near-term designation of these facilities as NTRC user centers will facilitate industry access to their forefront capabilities. ORNL staff with experience in measurement science, sensing, signals, communications, robotics, and integrated systems contribute to the development of instruments for detection of rare isotopes, equipment for advanced materials characterization, electron and scanning probe microscopy, mass spectrometry, chemical imaging, and advanced optics for x-ray and neutron imaging and scattering. ORNL also has unique resources for large-scale ecosystem research and has developed advanced tools for monitoring and analysis of environmental contaminants. This core capability is fundamental to ORNL’s ability to deliver on its mission assignments for DOE, DHS, and other customers. Work in this area is supported primarily by SC [mission areas SC-10, 13, 14, 16, 30, 34, 35], with contributions from EERE [ES-5, 6, 7], NNSA [NS-1], and DoD. Science Strategy for the Future To achieve its intended outcome of producing transformational innovations that will drive a 21st century industrial revolution, ORNL has established seven major initiatives through which it will develop and extend its distinctive and enduring signature strengths and apply its capabilities to the delivery of advances in scientific discovery and innovation, clean energy, and global security, while creating economic opportunity for the nation. ORNL’s core capabilities enable it to claim leadership in four distinctive scientific leadership areas that are of critical importance to DOE and the nation: FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 142 • • • • Neutron S&T Computing and computational science Materials science and engineering Nuclear science and engineering ORNL’s major initiatives, listed in Table 4.1, are designed to sustain these leadership positions and to provide the scientific and technological focus required to deliver national-scale solutions in critical mission areas. For example, ORNL’s extraordinary scientific expertise and tools for neutron S&T, computing, and research on advanced materials are being leveraged to provide an expanded understanding of the myriad chemical and physical changes that occur in materials, which is fundamental to improving essentially all energy technologies. Predictive M&S is accelerating the design of new materials, speeding the development of future energy sources, expanding the understanding of global climate change, advancing our understanding of the nuclear fuel cycle, increasing the efficiency and utilization of nuclear systems, and improving methods for addressing the impacts of energy use. ORNL’s unparalleled resources in nuclear S&T are being applied to extending the frontiers of nuclear science; developing and delivering strategically important isotopes; expanding the options for fission and fusion power; developing safe, long-term solutions for the management of used nuclear fuel and nuclear waste; and enhancing global security by protecting nuclear material. Solving our nation’s most complex challenges requires an interdisciplinary approach. ORNL is well positioned to integrate and apply its own capabilities and to partner with other laboratories, universities, and industry to deliver on its mission objectives and to accelerate the deployment of technology advances. Additionally, the Laboratory will continue to make its distinctive research facilities available to the scientific user community on a competitive basis to foster innovation through synergistic partnerships. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. ORNL is SC’s largest science and energy laboratory and one of the oldest operating at its original site. Founded in 1943 to demonstrate the production and separation of plutonium for the Manhattan Project, today ORNL manages an extensive array of facilities and infrastructure to support its core capabilities and signature strengths in neutron scattering, advanced materials, HPC, and nuclear science and engineering. Substantial facility and infrastructure investments since 2000 have modernized significant portions of ORNL. However, additional investment is required to ensure accomplishment of ORNL’s current and future mission assignments for SC, other DOE offices, NNSA, and other federal and nonfederal sponsors. Facilities at ORNL accommodate ~6,200 people on a daily basis, with the population comprising ~4,400 UTBattelle employees in addition to visiting scientists, facility users, postdoctoral researchers, graduate students, other prime contractors, subcontractors, guests, and others. Because of its remote location in East Tennessee’s Ridge and Valley Province, about 10 miles from the City of Oak Ridge, ORNL operates and maintains an industrial utilities infrastructure equivalent to that of a small city. On-site services include 24/7 laboratory protection with dedicated fire and emergency response capability, medical facilities, essential facility maintenance, unique fabrication and assembly services, and on-site amenities. ORNL’s role as a nuclear R&D facility creates legacy challenges that require maintenance of specialized infrastructure and facilities. ORNL’s security posture, driven by its mission assignments and by the existence of legacy material such as 233U, demands a comprehensive security program beyond that required for any other SC laboratory. ORNL also manages approximately 4,421 acres of DOE’s Oak Ridge Reservation. A summary of the Laboratory infrastructure in terms of value and condition of SC-owned real property assets is provided in Table 6.1. In addition to this 3.8M sf of SC-owned assets, another 1.3M sf of real property resides on site at ORNL. These assets are principally owned by EM or are on-site leased facilities. ORNL is also responsible for another 1.5M sf of real property assets located off site, most notably 1M gross square feet (GSF) of legacy structures located at the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) that have no future mission relevance to ORNL and should be transferred to EM. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 143 Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) $2,310,053,779 Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $2,,764,757,574 $5,074,811,353 $138,579,940 4,421 0 0.942 # Building Assets 85 114 19 28 63 76 1 2 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 1 148 18 136 0 35 10 5 0 0 0 # GSF (Bldg) 2,914,345 808,175 135,961 302,849 229,236 2,916,071 4,726 30,194 0.955 Mission Critical Asset Condition 0.968 Mission Dependent Index (B, S, T) 1 0.327 Not Mission Dependent 89.46 Office 98.94 Warehouse Asset 89.33 Utilization Laboratory Index (B, T) 2, 3 Hospital 100 100 Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. # GSF (Trailer) 1,203 29,820 0 20,527 1,964 0 0 0 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The following summarizes significant conclusions from the Mission Readiness (MR) assessment of ORNL facilities and infrastructure. Enclosure 5 provides additional insight into gaps for each core capability and proposed resolution thereof. Appendix C provides maps of the future state of ORNL facilities. In alignment with ASCR’s defined path to maintain leadership in HPC, facility and infrastructure investments are planned to support ORNL’s core capabilities in computational science and advanced computing, visualization and data and to advance the Laboratory’s initiative in scaleable computing, data infrastructure, and analytics for science. To accommodate increasingly powerful leadership computing systems (20–250 PF over the next 3 to 5 years, leading to an exascale system), facility improvements are planned to support concurrent operation of two leadership-class systems while bringing a third system on/off line. Medium voltage power supply and distribution system improvements are under way to enhance power quality and reliability and to ensure that projected future loads are met. Within the next five years, facilities and infrastructure supporting applied materials science and engineering and systems engineering and integration core capabilities are forecast to be marginally capable. A key strength of ORNL’s materials science program is the close coupling of the applied materials science and engineering programs supported by multiple DOE programs, other federal agencies, and nonfederal WFO customers, with the fundamental materials program supported by SC’s BES program. Geographical consolidation of related activities is a medium-term goal for more efficient resource use and impact on high yield of programmatic objectives. The proposed FY 2018 Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI) line item project, the Translational Research Building (TRB), will meet this goal by co-locating staff and capabilities that span the range of fundamental science to applied science. This facility is key to the future translation of breakthrough science into robust technologies, systems, and methods that address high-risk, high-complexity, multidisciplinary issues of national importance. Program investments are needed in support of the plasma and fusion energy science core capability. Infrastructure improvements will support the development of integrated simulations and experimental databases needed for design of future fusion power systems as well as testing and demonstration of material and component performance under fusion power reactor conditions. Future installation of exascale computing capability will help FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 144 address simulation requirements. ORNL has invested discretionary resources to prepare for MPEX as a precursor to the FNSF. Ongoing and planned improvements to the ORNL medium voltage power supply and distribution system will enhance power quality and reliability and meet the increasing power needs of fusion R&D. ORNL’s nuclear and radiological infrastructure is foundational to successful conduct of essential and unique research within the core capabilities of materials science, applied nuclear S&T, chemical engineering, and nuclear physics (isotope production). Capital investments span a broad range of funding categories and include programfunded research initiatives (SING III MIE) and SLI line item projects (to replace radioactive waste management systems). At HFIR, additional funding is required through FY 2017 to complete planned life extension activities, including fabrication of reactor component spares. ORNL is preparing for DOE decisions on further lifetime extension investments (beryllium reflector, HB-4 beam tube replacement) and conversion of HFIR to LEU fuel. With regard to accelerator physics, institutionally sponsored site infrastructure improvements (Chestnut Ridge Maintenance Shop and increasing the data transmission capacity) are under way and will continue in order to facilitate mission-capable status and fully realize the scientific capabilities inherent to the SNS. The long-term program investment required to maintain leadership in this field is STS, which will be developed to ensure that its capabilities, in combination with those of the first target station and the instrument suite at HFIR, position ORNL for sustained leadership in neutron sciences. The MR process validated and focused the need for ongoing institutional capital and expense investments. Priorities for institutional investment include facility refreshment and repurpose. A substantial amount of chemical and materials research is still conducted in laboratories constructed in the 1950s and 1960s. Laboratory space needs to be upgraded to meet today’s fire safety, design, and utility requirements, enabling safe and efficient conduct of research, facilitating recruitment and retention, and improving space utilization. Vulnerabilities associated with aging utility systems also need to be addressed. Many distribution systems and their components were installed in the 1950s and 1960s with some dating back to the 1940s. Several projects to address aging infrastructure have been recently completed and several more are in the planning stages. Recognizing the inherent vulnerability of these systems and the negative impacts of their failure on the conduct of science, ORNL maintains an intensive preventive, predictive, and corrective maintenance program for these systems. ORNL is also modernizing space in a manner that increases utilization as well as accommodation of future needs and evolving industry trends. Guidelines ensure that workplace strategies contribute to the organizational mission; optimized space allocation aligns with user needs; environments inspire talent and encourage interdisciplinary, connected, collaborative science; and space is flexible and adaptable Strategic Site Investments. Substantial investment in ORNL facilities and infrastructure (F&I) over the last decade has strengthened SC’s ability to accomplish world-class science. ORNL’s highest priority for a programmatic line item in direct support of its mission assignments is the STS at SNS (BES). While not a line item, another essential site investment is programmatic support to continue the base operation and maintenance of our applied research facilities. The most significant of these is our nuclear hot cells. The absence of regular base operating support places a tremendous burden on the Laboratory’s indirect costs in order to maintain this infrastructure in a compliant and mission-ready state. The laboratory received start-up support for two new facilities supporting applied research in the EERE mission area, CFTF and MDF, but no base support is currently programmed to ensure long-term sustainability. Remaining near-term needs for R&D capabilities will largely be addressed through institutional funding. Institutional General Plant Project (IGPP) funds are used to improve provision of essential support services and facilitate research at ORNL. Typical IGPPs include utility upgrades, site improvements, and space refresh/repurpose. Of note in this regard are the refurbishment of existing wet laboratory spaces in Building 4500 and Building 1505, which support core programs in materials and biological sciences. ORNL will continue institutional capital investment with annual funding levels averaging $15M for the next 5 years. The SC SLI program is of major importance to continued operations at ORNL, and three line item projects are currently proposed. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 145 The FY 2015 Site Modernization project has two components. The first focuses on providing nuclear waste infrastructure improvements that must be put in place to provide disposition alternatives before EM completes cleanup activities. Currently, ORNL uses the waste management system operated by EM, but within the next several years (around 2020), EM will stop accepting newly generated waste and deactivate and decommission the existing waste collection and treatment systems, at which time ORNL must have a viable option for nuclear waste management. The second component of this project will integrate and upgrade several inefficient and widely dispersed emergency response facilities into one facility, thus enhancing productivity and coordination. With nuclear-related programs presently accounting for some 40% of the ORNL budget, additional improvements in the nuclear waste infrastructure are expected to be required to sustain existing programs. The Waste Handling Systems SLI line item project is proposed to start in FY 2017. The TRB is proposed as an FY 2018 SLI project. The EM program has a significant mission on the Oak Ridge Reservation, including a substantial amount of work that impacts ORNL. However, recent trends indicate that portions of the EM program critical to ORNL are being overtaken by deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) activities elsewhere on the Reservation. We encourage SC to be a strong advocate with EM in terms of its mission priorities in Oak Ridge. EM has the opportunity to take several actions in the near future with significant benefit to ORNL. First, disposition of the 233U inventory in Building 3019 will allow a significant reduction in baseline level of protection for ORNL. This will eliminate one of the highest hazard materials on the campus and enable achievement of our end-state security vision. Second, transferring excess legacy facilities at Y-12 to EM will enable a more cost-effective approach to EM’s effort to address mercury contamination at Y-12. Finally, EM’s completion of building demolition and site remediation at ORNL will eliminate radiological risk and free up space for scientific missions. ORNL will continue to promote development of the Oak Ridge S&T Park. Created through brownfield redevelopment, the S&T Park facilitates DOE’s technology transfer mission by creating opportunities for ORNL staff to collaborate with university guests and industry researchers housed in facilities developed and managed by the private sector. Investment for SC facilities at ORNL is approximately $80M per year for the next 5 years, approaching 4% of the replacement plant value, the higher end of the industry-recommended maintenance investment range (2–4%). In all cases, assets will be maintained to assure worker safety and protection of the environment. Proactive maintenance (e.g., preventive maintenance) will be done in buildings for which ORNL has a high confidence of long-term programmatic continuity. Maintenance functions will be minimized where possible in buildings approaching or at the end of their programmatic and functional life, with care exercised to prevent unsafe conditions as a result of deterioration. Trends and Metrics. ORNL has used the MR Assessment Process to move toward its goal of a vibrant campus that supports its R&D portfolio. The results of the process are incorporated into an investment strategy that leverages SLI, program investments, Laboratory overhead resources (IGPP, maintenance funds), and privatesector funds via alternative financing and Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPCs) to upgrade ORNL’s infrastructure. American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) funding was used to construct the Chemical and Materials Sciences Building, support the development of CFTF and MAXLAB, expedite demolition of excess facilities, and enable addition of new, on-site research and support facilities. Electrical and chilled water upgrades were completed to meet the demands of expanded computational and computing capability. Planned investments in ORNL F&I are summarized in Attachment 1. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 146 Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) IGPP GPP Line Items (SLI) Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM 2012 74.8 0 1.5 8.5 0.0 0.0 84.8 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 73.9 75.4 76.9 78.4 80.0 81.6 83.2 85.1 87.1 89.1 91.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 0.0 4.0 14.8 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 47.5 37.8 47.8 53.5 19.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.4 95.9 132.0 151.4 143.3 154.9 162.2 121.4 103.6 105.6 107.6 2,375 2,418 2,483 2,550 2,608 2,672 2,704 2,765 2,836 2,920 2,983 94.8 93.4 95.0 95.9 97.1 97.0 98.3 100.5 99.3 98.0 99.2 0.960 Site-Wide ACI 0.961 0.962 0.962 0.963 0.964 0.964 0.964 0.965 0.966 0.967 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 180.0 1.000 160.0 0.990 140.0 0.980 0.970 120.0 0.960 100.0 0.950 80.0 0.940 60.0 0.930 40.0 0.920 20.0 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 147 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P Now Nuclear Physics Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Holifield Leverage ORNL’s and Capability gap to be Recent investments Plans to utilize portions of Radioactive Ion other SC assets to conduct identified after ongoing removed legacy material the HRIBF infrastructure as Beam Facility a reformulated nuclear physics mission is and renovated HVAC (1) a facility for isotope (HRIBF) and experimental nuclear defined. systems in vicinity of R&D and (2) a support buildings physics program. Plan is Building 6010 Shield reformulated experimental in the 6000 Area, under development with Test Station, supporting nuclear physics program is X Fundamental SC Nuclear Physics (NP) its use for stable isotope being developed in Neutron Physics program. production. conjunction with SC's NP Beam line at the program. Spallation Use HRIBF infrastructure NP mission declaration Neutron Source components for isotope for HRIBF will affect Disposition activities (SNS); High research and development. further actions. underway at HRIBF Performance Computing NP mission declaration for (HPC) Building HRIBF will affect further 5600. actions. X In 5 Years X In 10 Years FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Capability gap to be identified after ongoing nuclear physics mission is defined. Capability gap to be identified after ongoing nuclear physics mission is defined. NP mission declaration for HRIBF will affect further actions. NP mission declaration for HRIBF will affect further actions. 148 Core Capability Accelerator Science and Technology Time Frame Now Mission Ready N M P X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Activated material storage required for accelerator and general conditioned storage is necessary at SNS. Sample environment preparation space critical at HFIR. Additional data storage needed especially as demand will increase when instruments are Produce pulsed commissioned and the neutrons/steady state IGPPS: Chestnut Ridge number of users increases. neutron fluxes using Maintenance Shops; SNS and HFIR beam line unique instrumentation and Building 8600 5th Floor networks require upgrading sample environment to Build-out SNS Programmatic GPPs: to at least 10 Gbit/s. To SNS, HRIBF, provide unprecedented Medium voltage Klystron Gallery Gap adequately support NScD's HFIR, HPC capabilities for distribution system Build-out; Target Building mission, ORNL's offFacilities understanding the structure improvements will address Sensible Chilled Water campus networking system and properties of materials, HFIR Isolation Header System needs a 10 Gbit/s for users macromolecular and requirement. Building to download data and use biological systems, and 5600 will provide ORNL computers for data fundamental neutron additional data storage. processing. Electrical physics. feeder 294 is the primary feeder for the Melton Valley site. Electrical 13.8Kv feeder 234 for the Melton Valley site is a secondary feeder that has experienced several interruptions in the last year; this feeder needs to be more reliable. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 149 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years X In 10 Years C X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE SNS additional power and Institutional investments at Chestnut Ridge: energy upgrade needed to Chestnut Ridge will • Programmatic enable the accelerator to address basic line item achieve 3 MW. infrastructure (FY14): Second Second target station improvements and needs Target Station including: data, utility, for SNS. Chestnut Ridge site storage, office, amenity, • Accelerator infrastructure parking, and site access. Improvement improvements needed to Projects for keep pace with science and SNS. user programs and site population growth including: • space for storage, testing, and maintenance of operational equipment, • increased data storage and transmission capacity, • laboratories for activated sample preparation, • warm storage area. Chestnut Ridge: • Additional energy and power upgrade needed for chestnut ridge accelerator complex along with conditioned storage area. • An addition of 10,000 sq. ft. to the experimental hall with High Bay area and bridge crane is necessary for the sample environment. Institutional investments at Chestnut Ridge will address basic infrastructure improvements to include utility, amenity, and parking. Chestnut Ridge: • Accelerator Improvement Projects for SNS. 150 Core Capability Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences Time Frame Now Mission Ready N M P Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Reconfigure power Multi-Program Deliver U.S. Expand and enhance Complete power supply infrastructure in 7600 High Bay commitments for ITER. capabilities and power and associated cooling Area. Facility, Building supplies to the Plasma capacity upgrades for the 7625; Power Material Interface research Given DOE approval, power delivery facility. Display technological and develop a CD-0 document Supply Building, as current power supply scientific feasibility of to acquire the program Building 7627; does not meet the need. Support MPEX and fusion. funds necessary to install Engineering FMITS facilities projects. Further the science of FMITS at SNS and Technology Building 7625 lacks burning plasma. MPEX. Facility, Building adequate power to operate Continue to operate HFIR • A new Fusion Materials 5800; HPC MPEX or its precursor and related hot cell Develop a prototype ion Irradiation Test Station Building 5600; experiments along with facilities for long-term source in 7625 as a (FMITS) at SNS can U.S. ITER other fusion systems for fusion reactor material precursor to Material take advantage of highProject basic fusion research and irradiation for material Plasma Exposure energy spallation Headquarters; ITER enabling technology degradation studies. eXperiment (MPEX). neutrons to perform HFIR, SNS; development. fusion reactor materials X LAMDA lab; Develop a new Fusion studies that are currently PAL lab; 3025E, Current 7625 facility has Materials Irradiation Test not feasible at any other 3525; & 7603 Station (FMITS) at SNS to inadequate space for fusion facility worldwide. remote handling R&D and ITER enabling take advantage of high• The Material Plasma systems lab. technology development. energy spallation neutrons Exposure eXperiment Additional storage space is to perform fusion reactor (MPEX) in 7625 will needed to support both. materials studies that are expose irradiated currently not feasible at candidate fusion reactor There is currently no highany other facility materials to a plasma intensity fusion relevant worldwide. environment to allow neutron source for fusion reactor materials studies. the study of degradation and to develop best materials. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 151 Core Capability Time Frame In 5 Years Mission Ready N M P C X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Deliver U.S. commitments Current conditioned Leverage use of ORNL Provide additional for ITER. facility square footage is computing infrastructure conditioned High Bay Complete and operate the inadequate for fully to aid design of fusion square footage to Material Plasma Exposure developing and testing power systems. accommodate ITER eXperiment (MPEX) to integrated simulations for experimental devices, expose both unirradiated design of MPEX and Operate MPEX in 7625 to accommodate MPEX, and and irradiated candidate future fusion power deliver world-leading co-locate associated highfusion reactor materials to systems. Additional plasma-materialvoltage and high-power a plasma environment to conditioned square footage interaction data for facilities. allow the study of in Building 7625 or candidate fusion reactor degradation and to immediately adjacent is materials. Continue to fund FMITS develop best materials. critical for MPEX project and associated operations and continued Operate the SNS/FMITS fusion materials Operate the SNS FMITS fusion science and ITER to deliver world-leading irradiation program. to expose irradiated enabling technology candidate fusion reactor candidate fusion reactor development. materials irradiation Continue to fund MPEX materials to spallation scientific results. operations and related energy neutrons. R&D. Continue to operate HFIR and related hot cell facilities for long-term fusion reactor material irradiation for material degradation studies. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 152 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 10 Years X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Fusion Nuclear Develop Fusion Nuclear Establish the following Leverage local expertise Proposed SC line item: Science Science Facility to test under realistic fusion (MPEX, FMITS, ITER • Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (future). next-generation (postpower reactor conditions: construction expertise, Facility. • science-based fusion ITER) fusion reactor ORNL fusion theory, components in a burning fusion enabling Continue to fund FMITS fuel self-sufficiency, plasma environment. technologies, and fusion project and associated • behavior of materials in reactor materials fusion materials irradiation fusion environment irradiation expertise), and program. • tritium breeding ORNL computing • reliable and efficient infrastructure to aid the Continue to fund MPEX power extraction design of fusion power operations and related systems. R&D. Continue to operate HFIR and related hot cell facilities for long-term fusion reactor material irradiation for material degradation studies. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Now Chemical and Materials Sciences Building, 4100; Buildings 4500N/S, 4508, 4515, 4517, 4508; SNS; HFIR; Center for Nanophase X Materials Science (CNMS); Shared Research Equipment Facility (ShaRE). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Understand multi-scale chemical and physical phenomena that sustain discovery of advanced materials. Enable new technologies for energy production, storage, and use. Support new material design by controlling atoms and defects to provide unprecedented functionality and performance under extreme conditions. Many active laboratories reside in general chemistry facilities that were built in the1950s and 1960s. These laboratories lack features conducive to modern research (abundant power, cooling, ventilation; ability to reconfigure). Collaborative, updated radiological laboratory space is needed for Critical Material Institute. Need for process chill water capacity is especially critical during hot summer season. Refresh/upgrade laboratory and office space in Buildings 4500N/S, 4501, 4505 and 4508. Upgrade fire barriers in existing buildings. Conduct study for process chill water loads for noncomputing facility to identify improvements. Plan site utility improvements to meet power, chilled water, and other infrastructure demand. 153 Core Capability Time Frame In 5 Years In 10 Years Chemical and Molecular Science Now Mission Ready N M P C X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Existing lab space does not Refresh/upgrade CNMS: Add ground floor meet fire safety, utility, or laboratory and office labs. design requirements for space in Buildings forecast research. 4500N/S, 4501, 4505 and 4508. Upgrade fire barriers in existing buildings. Expanded high-sensitivity imaging capability is Site utility improvements to required for materials meet power, chilled water, synthesis (CNMS) and other infrastructure research. demand. X Chemical and Materials Sciences Building, 4100; X Building 4500N/S; SNS; HFIR; CNMS; SHaRE, NCCS FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Combine strengths in the design, precise synthesis, and characterization of the structure and reactivity of materials (especially at the nanoscale) using theory, modeling, and simulation to gain a fundamental understanding of material structure-property-function relationships. Many active general chemistry facilities date back to the 1950s & 1960s and do not have power, cooling, ventilation and other attributes needed to support today's research agenda. Continued focus on battery work increases the need for dry rooms and space that supports use of water and air reactive materials. Dry rooms available for large scale testing but not available to support smaller scale crosscutting initiatives. Lab facilities not sufficient to support low-background analysis for forensic capabilities in chemical sciences and applicable to several other capabilities. Finalize Building 4500N/S renovation plan. Identify space for small scale dry room installation and expanding energy storage capacity. Refresh laboratory and office space in 4500N/S, 4501, & 4508. Continue repurpose of Building 1005. 154 Core Capability Climate Change Science Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years X In 10 Years X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Existing lab space does not meet fire safety, utility or design requirements to accommodate forecast Modernize 4508, 4500N/S research. Dry room Center for Nanophase laboratory and office capability not available. Materials Sciences: Add space. Prepare space for Additional high sensitivity ground floor labs dry room installation. imaging capability needed to maintain progress in materials synthesis (CNMS) C Chemical and Materials Sciences Building, 4100; Buildings 4500N/S & 4501; SNS; HFIR; CNMS; ShaRE; HPC Building 5600 Now X Merge advantages in design, precise synthesis, and characterization of the structure and reactivity of materials (especially at the nanoscale). Use theory, modeling, and simulation to gain a fundamental understanding of relationships among material structure, property, and function. Many active laboratories reside in general chemistry facilities that were built in the1950s and 1960s. These laboratories lack features conducive to modern research (abundant power, cooling, ventilation; ability to reconfigure). Separations work increases the need for a dedicated collaborative space for Critical Material Institute. Refresh/upgrade laboratory and office space in Buildings 4500N/S, 4501, 4505 and 4508. Upgrade fire barriers in existing buildings. Site utility improvements to meet power, chilled water, and other infrastructure demand. Laboratory facilities are inadequate to support lowbackground analysis for forensic capabilities founded in chemical sciences and applicable to various other capabilities. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 155 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years X In 10 Years X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Existing lab space does not Refresh/upgrade CNMS: Add ground floor meet fire safety, utility, or laboratory and office labs. design requirements for space in Buildings forecast research. 4500N/S and 4501. Upgrade fire barriers in existing buildings. Expanded high-sensitivity imaging capability Site utility improvements to required for materials meet power, chilled water, synthesis (CNMS) and other infrastructure research. demand. Refresh/upgrade laboratory and office space in Buildings 4500N/S and 4501. Upgrade fire barriers in existing buildings. C Site utility improvements to meet power, chilled water, and other infrastructure demand. Now West Campus, 1000 series buildings; JIBS; SNS, HPC X Biological Systems Science In 5 Years In 10 Years X Develop and apply advanced integrated capabilities to solve problems in bioenergy, climate change, carbon sequestration, and health effects of low dose radiation BER's largest lab facility, Building 1505, HVAC systems do not possess reliability needed for prolonged operation. Program growth has resulted in need of an additional greenhouse. Improve Building 1505 to address general laboratory requirements Building 1505 HVAC systems do not possess reliability needed for prolonged operation. Continue building and site infrastructure improvements to address general lab, site lighting, & circulation needs Provide additional green house X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 156 Core Capability Time Frame Now Mission Ready N M P X Environmental Subsurface Science In 5 Years In 10 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory ORNL West Foster and apply advanced HVAC in Building 1505 Increasing capacity of Campus (1000 integrated capabilities to (largest research existing greenhouse. series buildings); resolve global issues in laboratory for the Office of Joint Institute for bioenergy, health effects Biological and Renovate and refurbish Biological of low- dose radiation, Environmental Research) Building 1505. Sciences (JIBS), carbon sequestration, and is unreliable for extended 1520; National climate change. operation. Security Engineering Center, 2040; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 1059. HVAC in Building 1505 is unreliable for extended operation. DOE Continue building and site infrastructure improvements. X Additional greenhouse capacity required to support research forecast. X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 157 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P Now X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Provided infrastructure to Computational Improve extreme-scale Lack of fully capable Upgrade data storage and support implementation of transmission capability. measurement, modeling, Sciences architecture performance, upgraded tools. and simulation tools to Building 5600; reliability, usability, and Research Office Building 5700; Joint Institute for Computational Sciences (JICS) 5100. efficiency. Develop new algorithms and software to exploit technological benefits. Develop key capabilities in knowledge discovery and data analytics. support next-generation HPC capability as well as resolve issues across the DOE and Work for Others (WFO) research spectrum including the Electric Grid Hub. Apply advanced visual data to more effectively integrate DOE visualization methods. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data In 5 Years In 10 Years X X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Lack of fully capable measurement, modeling, and simulation tools to support next-generation HPC capability as well as resolve issues across the DOE and WFO research spectrum including the Electric Grid Hub. Lack of fully capable measurement, modeling, and simulation tools to support next-generation HPC capability as well as resolve issues across the DOE and WFO research spectrum including the Electric Grid Hub. Provide infrastructure to support development and deployment of next generation tools. Upgrade data storage, transmission, and visualization capability. Provide infrastructure to support development and deployment of next generation tools. Upgrade data storage, transmission, and visualization capability. 158 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P Now Computational Science In 5 Years X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Host the fastest HPC Lack of standardized JICS, Building Provide improvements to systems for the next operating environment 5100; HPC efficiently operate data decade and beyond to within enterprise and Building 5600, centers and maximize use address critical DOE and unclassified WFO data Building 5700; of existing infrastructure. national computational centers. Multiprogram and data science Research Facility Supply adequate and challenges that cross Needed transition from X Building 5300. reliable utility multiple disciplines compute to compute and infrastructure to ORNL including energy, data environment. facilities including HPC. materials, climate, and national security. Meet user requirements for data storage and transmission. Space, power, and cooling Provide improvements to Provide equipment and to implement Oak Ridge efficiently operate data associated infrastructure Leadership Computing centers and maximize use modifications for Facility-4 (OLCF-4). of existing infrastructure. leadership computing (OLCF-4) and other Standardized operating Supply adequate and systems. environment within reliable utility enterprise and unclassified infrastructure to ORNL WFO data centers. facilities including HPC. Needed transition from compute to compute and data environment. Space, power, and cooling to implement exascale computing. In 10 Years X Meet user requirements for data storage and transmission. Provide improvements to efficiently operate data centers and maximize use of existing infrastructure. Supply adequate and reliable utility infrastructure to ORNL facilities including HPC. Provide equipment and associated infrastructure modifications for leadership computing (exascale) and other systems. Meet user requirements for data storage and transmission. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 159 Core Capability Applied Nuclear Science and Technology Time Frame Now Mission Ready N M P X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE The United States does HFIR; REDC; Advance the basic science Institutional investments Melton Valley: not possess the capability will address Bethel Valley High Rad of radioisotopes in the • Accelerator to produce stable Materials super-heavy elements. and Melton Valley basic Improvement isotopes. Examination infrastructure Projects for Radiological labs in Facility (Building Perform R&D of novel improvements and needs HFIR. ORNL’s 3000 and 4000 3525); radioisotope applications to include: data, utility, Areas are 50+ years old. Irradiated and restore economical storage, office, amenity, DOE Office of Nuclear Renovations are needed Materials stable isotope enrichment parking, and site access. Energy (NE) and/or SC to facilitate today’s Examination & in the United States. direct support for research, decrease Test Lab Produce strategic Refurbish and continue maintaining ORNL’s maintenance (Building radioisotopes (Cf-252. Niconsolidation of Bethel multiprogram nuclear requirements, and 3025E); 63, Pu-238, etc.) for the Valley non-reactor nuclear facilities in mission ready improve energy Materials testing United States. operations. status. efficiency. labs in 4500S, Current waste service Plan for future disposition 4508 and 4515; Manage national DOE EM ownership and provider DOEof ORNL’s radioactive Nuclear Science repository for enriched timely demolition of Environmental waste. and Analytical stable isotopes and related vacated nuclear and Management (EM) is terminating capability Chemistry technical services. radiological facilities. within 5 to 7 years. facilities Nuclear mission work (Buildings 1005, Explore and demonstrate Program funding for must have viable waste 4501, the nuclear fuel cycle research and development outlet. 4505, 4500N (advanced fuel enrichment of stable isotope Refurbishment of Wing 1, 5500, processes, extreme separation technologies. Category II nuclear 5510; and 6010 environment performance facilities at REDC. ORELA STS). of nuclear fuels and Add modular hot cells for REDC needs stand-alone materials, dynamic materials and isotope radiochemical analysis chemical processes for development. Improve labs and expanded glove fuel reprocessing and shielded storage for box capability. REDC recycling, and advanced radioactive materials at labs, caves, and hot cells waste forms for long-term REDC for As Low As are in need of renovation. disposal). Reasonably Achievable Refurbishment of aging infrastructure is needed (ALARA) while to support production of preserving extremely isotopes valuable materials. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 160 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Core Time Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Capability Frame Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE HFIR needs beryllium Institutional investments Melton Valley: Maintain scientific reflector, HB-4 Beam Tube will address Bethel Valley • Accelerator capabilities in replacement, and possible and Melton Valley basic Improvement radioisotope, fuel cycle, installation of second cold infrastructure Projects for and irradiated materials. neutron source on HB-2. improvements and needs HFIR. Provide the United States to include: data, utility, with new capabilities in Melton Valley site storage, office, amenity, DOE-NE and/or SC direct stable isotope enrichment. infrastructure needs parking, and site access. support for maintaining Continue to lead in refurbishment to continue ORNL’s multi-program advanced reactor concept mission: nuclear facilities in Refurbish and continue development. • utilities, mission ready status. consolidation of Bethel • site access and Valley non-reactor nuclear FY 2015 Site parking, operations. Modernization SLI Line • roof replacement item to provide time for Building Continue planning for critical nuclear waste 7900. future disposition of infrastructure, specifically ORNL’s radioactive direct packaging of Radiological labs in waste. transuranic (TRU) debris ORNL’s 3000 and 4000 waste; and liquid low level Areas are 50+ years old. Refresh the HFIR waste collection and Renovations are needed Materials Irradiation treatment. to facilitate today’s Facility with current research, decrease In 5 technology using ORNL X FY 2017 Waste Handling maintenance Years discretionary funds. Systems SLI is planned to requirements, and replace the balance of the improve energy essential radioactive waste efficiency. systems. The United States does DOE EM ownership and not possess the capability timely demolition of to produce stable vacated nuclear and isotopes. radiological facilities. Current waste service Program implementation provider (EM) is of production scale stable terminating capability isotope separation within 5 to 7 years. capability. Nuclear mission work must have viable waste outlet. Provide uranium nonproliferation and safeguards demonstration facility and a portal monitoring laboratory for successful safeguards 161 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans activities. Mission Ready N M P Core Capability Applied Materials Science and Engineering Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 10 Years X Now Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Current waste service Institutional investments DOE-NE and/or SC direct Provide facilities and a provider (EM) is will address Bethel Valley support for maintaining disposition path for terminating capability. and Melton Valley basic ORNL’s multi-program radioisotope production Nuclear mission work infrastructure nuclear facilities in and R&D capabilities. must have viable waste improvements and needs mission ready status. outlet. to include: data, utility, storage, office, amenity, DOE EM ownership and parking, and site access. timely demolition of vacated nuclear and radiological facilities. Continue oversight for implementation ORNL’s Provide uranium nonradioactive waste proliferation and disposition safeguards demonstration facility and a portal monitoring laboratory for successful safeguards activities. EE/RE ARRA line item, Carbon Technology Apply ORNL’s unique Complex, awarded in To support growth, materials science and FY09, provides capability combined laboratory/high engineering resources and to manufacture low cost, 4500 Building bay facility space is needed facilities to support DOE high quality carbon fiber Complex to co-locate and leverage Refurbish existing labs as applied missions and as well as consolidation of including the multiple cross-cutting available to accommodate national needs including on-site carbon fiber HTML, ETF, capabilities and thereby new equipment (expense, solving materials problems composites research. X Building 5500, accelerate science through IGPP). Upgrade Building that limit the efficiency Sponsor modification of Building 3100 the development and 4508 Exhaust Fans and and reliability of systems existing facilities to series, Oak Ridge demonstration phases into Housing (IGPP). Finalize for power generation and provide essential new Science and commercial markets to 4500N/S backfill plans. energy conversion, laboratory/high bay Technology Park expedite resolution of distribution, and use. facilities to enable the urgent national and global Commercialize key translation of science to priorities. technologies. applied technology and spur national competitiveness. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 162 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years In 10 Years Chemical Engineering Now Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Combined lab/high bay facility space is needed to co-locate and leverage multiple cross-cutting capabilities and accelerate science through the development and demonstration phases into commercial markets. X Action Plan Laboratory Modernize 4500N/S laboratory and office space in accordance with backfill plans (IGPP). Combined lab/high bay facility space is needed to co-locate and leverage multiple cross-cutting capabilities and thereby accelerate science through the development and demonstration phases into commercial markets. X X REDC and other radiological laboratories and nuclear facilities; Bioenergy Sciences Center; CNMS; HTML; ShaRE; SNS; National Transportation Research Center (NTRC); HPC Buildings 5600, 5300; 4500 Building complex. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Become an innovator in nuclear fuel cycle development, alternative energy systems, energyintensive industrial processing, carbon management, and waste and environmental management. Use technology transfer to put solutions into practice. Portions of existing lab space do not meet fire safety, utility, or design requirements for research in areas including energy storage. Gaps in the radiological waste infrastructure are expected as EM pulls out of its legacy mission in Oak Ridge. Institutional investments will address basic infrastructure improvements and needs to include: data, utility, storage, office, amenity, parking, and site access. DOE EE/RE sponsored Translational Research Building is essential to provide consolidated laboratory/high bay facilities adjacent to existing ORNL competencies. RB will enable translation of science to applied technology and spur national competitiveness. TRB is essential to provide consolidated laboratory/high bay facilities adjacent to existing ORNL competencies. TRB will enable translation of science to applied technology and spur national competitiveness. DOE-NE and/or SC direct support for maintaining ORNL’s multiprogram nuclear facilities in mission ready status. Plan for future disposition of ORNL’s radioactive waste. 163 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years X C Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Portions of existing lab Institutional investments DOE-NE and/or SC direct space do not meet fire will address basic support for maintaining safety, utility, or design infrastructure ORNL’s multiprogram requirements for research in improvements and needs nuclear facilities in areas including energy to include: data, utility, mission ready status (e.g., storage. Radiological storage, office, amenity, REDC hot cell upgrades to waste capabilities are parking, and site access. replace in cell equipment dependent on the EM Fire barrier upgrades. in support of curium target legacy program. fabrication and Cf 252 encapsulation operations). Continue planning for future disposition of FY 2015 Site ORNL’s radioactive Modernization SLI line waste. item to provide time critical nuclear waste infrastructure, specifically direct packaging of transuranic (TRU) debris waste; and liquid low level waste collection and treatment. FY 2017 Waste Handling Systems SLI is planned to replace the balance of the essential radioactive waste systems. DOE EM ownership and timely demolition of vacated nuclear and radiological facilities. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 164 Core Capability Systems Engineering and Integration Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 10 Years X Now X Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap C Laboratory DOE Portions of existing lab Institutional investments DOE-NE and/or SC direct space do not meet fire will address basic support for maintaining safety, utility, or design infrastructure ORNL’s multiprogram requirements for research in improvements and needs nuclear facilities in areas including energy to include: data, utility, mission ready status (e.g., storage. Radiological storage, office, amenity, REDC hot cell upgrades to waste capabilities are parking, and site access. replace in cell equipment dependent on the EM in support of curium target legacy program. fabrication and Cf 252 Continue oversight for encapsulation operations). implementation ORNL’s radioactive waste disposition. DOE EM ownership and timely demolition of vacated nuclear and radiological facilities. Engineering Translate breakthrough Constraints from existing Institutional investments Technology science into robust facilities and infrastructure will address basic Facility, Building technologies and methods affect the capacity to infrastructure 5800; to address highly develop and integrate improvements and needs Instrumentation complex, risky, energy-efficient to include: data, utility, Research Facility, multidisciplinary national technologies into storage, office, amenity, Building 3500; issues. Focus on meeting residential and commercial parking, and site access. NTRC; MultiDOE and other federal buildings, electricity Program mission needs. Emphasize delivery, and materials Research delivery of energy processes for industrial Facility; HPC security, national security, efficiency. Needs include a Buildings 5600, health, and economic center for electric grid 5300; Robotics competitiveness systems modeling and analysis, and Remote to meet diverse national computational and Systems Highrequirements. visualization equipment, Bay (7603). and technical testing. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 165 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 5 Years X In 10 Years C Institutional investments will address basic infrastructure improvements and needs to include: data, utility, storage, office, amenity, parking, and site access. X Now X Large Scale User Facilities / Advanced Instrumentation In 5 Years Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Institutional investments FY 2018 SLI line item, Translational Research will address basic Building to enable infrastructure translation of science to improvements and needs applied technology and to include: data, utility, spur national storage, office, amenity, competitiveness. parking, and site access. Building Technologies Research and Integration Center (BTRIC); CNMS; HFIR; HTML; HRIBF; Center for Structural Molecular Biology; OLCF; NTRC; Safeguards Laboratory (SL); ShaRE; SNS. X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Conduct world-class scientific research to deliver technology innovations. Provide full access to, and adequate representation for, students and postdoctoral associates in scientific research. SNS and HFIR beam line networks and off-campus network must be upgraded and integrated with other ORNL computers to establish streaming data management and meet increased number of users/instruments. Evaluate reuse of HRIBF. Institutional investment to address basic infrastructure needs including: data transmission capacity and data storage. Institutional investments will address basic infrastructure improvements and needs to include: data, utility, storage, office, amenity, parking, and site access. Chestnut Ridge: • Programmatic line item (FY14): Second Target Station for SNS. • Accelerator Improvement Projects for SNS. CNMS: • Add ground floor labs. 166 Core Capability Time Frame Mission Ready N M P In 10 Years X C Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Action Plan Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Facilities Objectives Gap Laboratory DOE Institutional investments Chestnut Ridge: will address basic • Accelerator Improvement Projects infrastructure for SNS. improvements and needs to include: data, utility, storage, office, amenity, parking, and site access. • N = Not Capable; M = Marginal; P = Partial; C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 167 Support Facilities and Infrastructure - Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Work Environment Mission Ready Current N M P C X Site Services ORNL's off-campus networking system requires 10 Gbit/s for users to download data and perform data processing on lab computers. The existing ORNL Visitor Center is not open during evening and weekend hours. ORNL's 70-year-old fire station (built in 1943) has remained in use significantly beyond its 30-year design life. Because of lab growth, the station no longer is centrally located on the ORNL campus, resulting in increased emergency response time. X User Accommodations Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Laboratory DOE SLI Institutional expense and capital will be used to implement partial modernization of the 7000 Area. FY 2015 Site Modernization SLI line item project includes replacement of first responders' facility and partial replacement of obsolete radioactive waste management infrastructure. Onsite maintenance, fabrication, shipping, and receiving facilities have an average age of 47 years, an associate asset condition index of 0.77 (poor), and a deferred maintenance backlog of more than $7M. Work area configurations and process flow back fitted into existing spaces have resulted in substantial needs for improved efficiency. X FY 2017 Waste Handling Systems SLI line item project completes replacement of obsolete radioactive waste management infrastructure. Major infrastructure improvements to protect radioactive waste operations are needed as EM completes legacy cleanup missions. X Conference and Collaboration Space Power: medium voltage (13.8 kV) reliability and capacity will not meet forecast demand; portions of Lab are still using 1940s-era 2.4 kV system. Sanitary Sewage Plant: pump station and digester/clarifier conditions are poor and undersized for future forecast loading. Utilities X Institutional GPPs scheduled to address potable water, chilled water, and portions of power gaps. Potable water: 1940s-era distribution system piping is leaky. Chilled water: a capacity increase with N+1 redundancy is needed to meet future demand. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 168 Support Facilities and Infrastructure - Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Roads and Grounds Mission Ready Current N M P C X Security Infrastructure (Baseline Level of Protection) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans X Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap ORNL must meet and sustain Baseline Level of Protection as well as Cat I nuclear facility requirements. ORNL has identified a $10M-plus shortfall for life-cycle upgrades, including site access controls and installation of a wireless MESH communication network. Laboratory DOE SLI Upgrade request articulated in FS-10 Security budget submission. FY 2020 Site Modernization line item project will replace and consolidate first responder and Laboratory protection resources. 169 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 170 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC) laboratory located in Richland, Washington (WA) with an enduring mission to transform the world through courageous discovery and innovation. Our vision is to inspire and enable the delivery of world-leading science and technology (S&T) in Location: Richland, Washington Type: Multi-program laboratory Contractor: Battelle Memorial Institute Responsible Site Office: Pacific Northwest Site Office Website: www.pnnl.gov • chemical imaging of dynamic systems • advanced computing • biosystem dynamics and design • mesoscale science through mastering molecular and nanoscale complexity to achieve function by design • climate and earth systems science • efficient and secure electricity management • disruption of illicit nuclear trafficking. Established in 1965 with 2200 employees and facilities supporting Hanford Site operations, PNNL focused on expanding nuclear fuel cycle research, developing advanced reactor designs and materials, fabricating and testing novel reactor fuels, and monitoring and protecting human health and the environment. Today, PNNL is a leading multidisciplinary national laboratory with a long-standing reputation for advancing scientific frontiers through world-class research and development (R&D). The Lab has two national scientific user facilities: the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), which provides integrated experimental and computational resources for discovery and technological innovation; and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility (ARM). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI), a private, non-profit, S&T enterprise that explores emerging areas of science, develops and commercializes technology, and manages laboratories. Total PNNL cost for fiscal year (FY) 2012 was $859.2M. PNNL customers include DOE, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other federal agencies. Details on specific Work for Others (WFO) agencies are provided in Appendix 1. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Physical Assets: • 346 acres DOE, 324 acres Battelle • 19 DOE Buildings, 95 Total buildings • 830,776 sf DOE-owned, active operating buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $410.4 million • 1,074,015 sf in 36 leased facilities • 509,012 sf in 44 Battelle facilities Human Capital: • 3,922 FTEs • 3 Joint faculty • 181 Postdoctoral researchers • 200 Undergraduate and 166 Graduate students • 2400 Facility users • 49 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): WFO, $187.5 ASCR, $6.2 BER, $122.8 Other SC, $15.6 DOE Energy, $94.7 DHS, $63.3 Other DOE, $48.3 BES, $27.4 EM, $5.7 NNSA, $287.7 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $859.2 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $608.4 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $187.5 million WFO % of Total Lab Operating Costs: 22% DHS Costs: $63.3million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $18.2 million 171 Core Capabilities PNNL has ten acknowledged core capabilities (Figure 1). Each is a powerful combination of people, equipment, and facilities nurtured through programmatic and institutional investments. PNNL makes discretionary investments in these core capabilities and other strategically important areas to respond to emerging and future national needs. Current investments are designed to expand the Laboratory’s capabilities in multi-modal imaging, power grid S&T, computational science, earth systems science, biology, and materials science. Several PNNL core capabilities have matured into world-class research programs. For example, PNNL is widely recognized as a world leader in proteomics, drawing on core capabilities in chemical and molecular sciences and biological systems science. Other capabilities have led to world-class research in catalysis, climate research, subsurface science, and radiation detection. One of PNNL’s strengths is the ability to bring multiple capabilities to bear on complex scientific and technological challenges. Combined with our focus on accelerating scientific discovery and innovation and deploying solutions, this approach is evident in the core capability descriptions, primary funding sources, and supported missions that follow. See Appendix 2 for the mission area key used in the core capability descriptions. 1. Chemical and Molecular Sciences. PNNL is an international leader in chemical and molecular sciences. This core capability advances the understanding, prediction, and control of chemical and physical processes in complex, multiphase environments. PNNL has domain expertise in chemical physics, catalysis science, chemical analysis, geochemistry, computational chemistry and geochemistry, actinide science, self-assembled nanomaterials, and defects in materials. This capability is the basis for PNNL’s computational chemistry software application (NWChem), which is used worldwide to solve large molecular science problems efficiently on computing resources ranging from high performance parallel supercomputers to workstation clusters. The Laboratory has made significant contributions in condensed phase and interfacial molecular science, fundamental catalysis science, and geochemistry. PNNL has the largest fundamental research effort within the national laboratory system in these areas, and this success has resulted in the establishment of the Institute for Integrated Catalysis and the award of an Energy Frontier Research Center in Molecular Electrocatalysis from DOE’s Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program. Emerging strengths in materials science, particularly self-assembled nanomaterials, resulted in PNNL partnering with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub. The chemical and molecular science capability forms the basis for PNNL’s fundamental science programs in catalysis science, condensed phase and interfacial molecular science, computational and theoretical chemistry, geosciences, separations and analysis, synthesis and processing science, and mechanical behavior and radiation effects. Applied programs include improved energy technologies, catalysis and reaction engineering, hydrogen storage, biomass conversions, environmental remediation, and carbon capture and sequestration. This capability supports 145 scientists and engineers housed in the Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), EMSL, Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL), and other facilities. We have identified a need for additional wet chemistry space to support the core capability (Section 6.0). This capability is funded through programs in SC (BES and Biological and Environmental Research [BER]), DOE’s Office of Environmental Management (EM; environmental remediation), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE; geothermal, biomass; hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technology), Office of Fossil Energy (FE; carbon- and co-sequestration), and NNSA (nonproliferation). This capability enables PNNL to advance DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 7, 8, 9, 11, 16), energy security (ES 5, 8, 9), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security ( HS 1, 2, 3, 5, 6). 2. Chemical Engineering. PNNL is recognized internationally for its chemical engineering core capability. This capability applies chemical research and engineering across molecular to engineering-scale problems and demonstrations, translating scientific discovery into innovative processes for advanced energy and environmental systems. PNNL’s strength in chemical engineering is derived from its scientific foundations in molecular, biological, nuclear, and material sciences and engineering. An important feature of this capability is its ability to deliver continuous, high-throughput, efficient and cost-effective processing solutions with FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 172 supporting equipment and controls, often incorporating several advanced individual processes and systems. The Laboratory has domain expertise in applications of catalysis for biomass and fossil fuel conversion; separations and waste immobilization for nuclear waste processing; online sensing of nuclear, chemical, and biological materials; clean hydrocarbon processing and emissions; micro-technology-based chemical engineering and micro-chemical reactor technology; fluid dynamics for complex fluids; electrochemistry; and carbon capture. In collaboration with Washington State University (WSU), PNNL established the Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), including state-of-the-art catalytic reactors and bio-processing laboratories to convert biomass into viable products such as biofuels and chemicals. PNNL has more than 95 scientists and engineers supporting this capability, along with facilities (some of which are unique) for radiochemical processing and process engineering, including the BSEL, PSL, Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL), and Applied Process Engineering Laboratory (APEL); see Section 6.0, mission readiness assessment for details. Chemical engineering forms the basis for PNNL’s programs in emission catalysis, hydrogen fuel safety and storage, hydrogen storage and carbon capture, biomass conversion, clean coal technologies, fuel cell development, tactical energy systems, used nuclear fuel and waste processing, and waste forms. It is funded through programs in EERE (geothermal; biomass; hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technology; and vehicles), FE (clean coal, hydrogen and other clean fuels, and carbon capture), DOE’s Office of Nuclear Energy (NE; used fuel treatment), and the DOE’s Office of Environmental Management (EM; waste processing). This capability enables PNNL to advance DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 11), energy security (ES 6, 7, 8, 9), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 3, 6, 7, 8, 9). 3. Biological Systems Science. PNNL is recognized internationally for its biological systems sciences capability, including leadership in proteomics, environmental microbiology, fungal biology and biotechnology. PNNL’s multiple ’omic technologies are widely used in the broader BER Programs. PNNL’s domain expertise also includes cell biology and biochemistry, radiation biology, computational biology and bioinformatics, exposure science and systems toxicology, bioforensics, and biodetection. The Laboratory has demonstrated international leadership in proteomics and environmental microbiology, designing strategies for biorestoration of sites contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides, predicting contaminant behavior and microbial ecology of the subsurface, quantifying effects of renewable energy devices on aquatic ecosystems, and a systems biology approach to microbial and algal systems relevant to DOE missions of bioenergy and climate change. PNNL’s expertise in fungal biology has generated an indepth understanding of the biological processes underlying efficient fungal bioprocesses that produce fuels and other chemicals. Supporting this capability are more than 160 scientists and engineers housed in the Biological Sciences Facility (BSF), Computational Sciences Facility (CSF), BSEL, MSL, Biological Inhalation Lab (BIL), Life Sciences Laboratory-I (LSL-I), and EMSL. PNNL is also a partner in the Joint Genome Institute, which provides large-scale genome sequencing and analysis for DOE missions. The biological systems science capability enables PNNL to provide a systems-level understanding of biological systems involved in capturing and transforming light and chemical energy, biomass conversion, radiation biology, biology of oxidative stress and signaling, environmental sustainability, carbon cycling and climate change, biogeochemistry of environmental contaminants and nutrients, environmental microbiology, microbial ecology, and bioforensics and biodetection. The capability is funded through programs in SC (BER), EM (waste processing), EERE (wind and water power technologies, biomass), DHS, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This capability advances DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 12, 14, 15, 16), energy security (ES 8, 9), environmental management (EM 2), and homeland security (HS 3, 11). 4. Climate Change Science. PNNL is a national leader in climate change science, with expertise spanning the full range of disciplines and tools required to comprehend complex interactions among the natural earth system, energy production and use, and other natural processes and human activities. This core capability includes activities ranging from measurements to multi-scale models to integrated analyses of climate impacts and response options. PNNL has domain expertise in instrument development; cloud physics; atmospheric FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 173 aerosol chemistry; cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions; laboratory studies, field campaigns, and other measurement programs; modeling of atmospheric processes, integrated water cycles, and regional, global climate, and earth systems; integrated assessment; and quantitative analyses of emissions, land use changes, and mitigation and adaptation scenarios. Increasingly, these efforts are integrated to yield new insights into coupled natural-human system dynamics. For example, PNNL’s state-of-the-art Platform for Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis joins high resolution representations of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface hydrology, agriculture and land use, energy systems, and socioeconomics; includes a sophisticated uncertainty characterization and quantification framework; maximizes advanced computing and data management and visualization tools; and is being used to identify the regional impacts of climate change and evaluate different adaptation and mitigation options. PNNL is internationally recognized for improving our basic understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and for developing the data-driven regional and global modeling frameworks needed to predict changes in climate as well as in related human and environmental systems. More than 70 scientists and engineers support this core capability, including those housed in the Atmospheric Measurements Laboratory (AML) and MSL, supporting the ARM Climate Research Facility, and those at the Joint Global Change Research Institute (a partnership between PNNL and the University of Maryland that focuses on understanding the interactions among climate, natural resources, energy production and use, economic activity, and the environment). PNNL scientists have made major contributions to a number of national and international assessments of climate change, including the ongoing U.S. National Climate Assessment. The Climate Change Science capability provides the basis for PNNL’s programs in atmospheric process research; earth system observations; integrated assessment of climate and related global changes; and climate and earth system modeling and prediction. It is funded by programs in SC (BER and Advanced Scientific Computing Research [ASCR]), EERE (wind and water power technologies), FE (carbon- and co-sequestration), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), EPA, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This capability advances DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 1, 13, 15, 16), energy security (ES 16), and homeland security (HS 7, 9, 11). 5. Environmental Subsurface Science. PNNL is an international leader in environmental subsurface science. This core capability focuses on developing and applying the basic understanding of biogeochemical reactions, energy, and mass transfer to the prediction, assessment, mitigation, and design and operation of in situ environmental processes. PNNL has domain expertise in molecular-to-field scale biogeochemistry and reactive and multiphase transport modeling; laboratory-to-field scale geohydrology, surface water hydrology, and multiphase flow modeling; ecological assessment, management, and monitoring; human health and environmental risk assessment; and environmental systems technology development and deployment. PNNL applies an iterative experimental and modeling approach to contaminant fate and transport at DOE sites, demonstrating its leadership at the Integrated Field Research Challenges located within the Hanford Site 300 Area and research focused on molecular-scale biogeochemical processes, field relevant microsites, and transition zones. The Laboratory applies this expertise toward the protection of regional water sources and aquatic ecosystems affected by contaminated soils and groundwater, releases from waste disposal units, climate change mitigation, energy development, water use, and hydropower systems operations. Our expertise in environmental subsurface science has resulted in the Laboratory’s emergence as a national leader in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) through geologic sequestration science supporting the Midwest, Southwest, and Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships, with major roles in the Wallula Carbon Sequestration Demonstration and FutureGen projects. PNNL has more than 190 scientists and engineers advancing this capability in MSL; LSL-I, PSL, Research Technology Laboratory (RTL), and EMSL. The environmental subsurface science capability provides the basis for PNNL’s programs in environmental restoration sciences; fate and transport of subsurface contaminants and legacy waste cleanup; GHG co-sequestration and demonstration; environmental impact assessments for nuclear, geothermal, water/ocean, and wind energy; ecological management; and marine science research. This capability is funded through programs in SC (BER and BES), EM (waste processing, groundwater and soil remediation, nuclear materials disposition), FE (carbon- and co-sequestration), EERE (geothermal technologies, wind and water power technologies), and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 174 capability advances DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), energy security (ES 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 16), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 3, 7, 11). 6. Applied Materials Science and Engineering. PNNL is recognized internationally for its capability in applied materials science and engineering, with domain expertise in materials characterization; materials theory, simulation, design, and synthesis; materials structural and chemical modification; the role of defects in controlling material properties; and materials performance in hostile environments, including the effects of radiation and corrosion. PNNL’s strength in this capability is derived from the Laboratory’s foundations in chemical, molecular, biological, and subsurface science, and the ability to engineer enabling nano-structured and self-assembled materials, tailored thin films, ceramics, glasses, alloys, composites, and biomolecular materials. The Laboratory is specifically known for its expertise in radiation effects on materials, solid oxide fuel cells and energy storage materials, solid-state lighting, and organic electronic materials as well as its proficiency in developing functionalized nanoporous ceramics for catalytic, sorbent, and sensing applications. PNNL has more than 165 scientists and engineers who contribute to and use state-of-the-art material characterization and imaging instrumentation at EMSL; high- and low-dose radiological facilities, including PSL and the Physical Sciences Facility (PSF); and laboratories (APEL and RTL) for thin-film material synthesis and deposition. We have identified a need for additional wet chemistry and imaging space supporting this core capability (see Section 6.0). The applied materials science and engineering capability forms the basis of PNNL’s programs in radiation effects in materials; multi-scale behavior of structural materials; design and scalable synthesis of materials and chemicals that bridge the mesoscale; fuel cells and energy storage; electric and lightweight vehicle technology; nuclear reactor safety assessment, regulatory criteria, and life extension; and legacy waste forms. It is funded through programs in SC (BES, Fusion Energy Science [FES]), NE (advanced fuel cycle initiative), EERE (hydrogen storage and fuel cell technology), EM (waste processing), and the NRC. This capability advances DOE’s missions in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 7, 8, 9, 10, 18), energy security (ES 2, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16), environmental management (EM 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 3, 11). 7. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. PNNL is a national leader in applied nuclear science and technology. The depth and breadth of this capability enables the Laboratory to play pivotal roles in fundamental scientific, nuclear nonproliferation, and nuclear energy efforts. PNNL has domain expertise in ultra-trace detection and analysis, non-destructive evaluation, dosimetry and health physics, international nuclear intelligence analysis, nuclear material security and interdiction systems, fuel cycle characterization, nuclear fuels production and processing, nuclear safety analysis and risk assessment, nuclear detectors, actinide chemistry, online monitoring techniques, and radiochemical process engineering. PNNL is internationally recognized for capability in environmental sampling for nonproliferation and nuclear detonation monitoring missions and is best known for leadership in developing new science, tools, and techniques for monitoring and predicting materials and process performance for nuclear power applications, performing nuclear safety and risk assessments that include human health exposure impacts, and identifying trace environmental signatures for monitoring nuclear activities. More than 260 staff scientists and engineers support this capability along with uniquely equipped high- and low-dose radiological and ultra-low background counting facilities (PSF complex), 2400 Stevens, CAT II RPL, and Radiation Calibration Laboratory (RCL) accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. PNNL also has outdoor facilities for testing interdiction systems designed for border security as part of the PSF complex. The applied nuclear science and technology capability forms the basis for PNNL’s programs in isotope production, nuclear nonproliferation, tritium target qualifications, health physics, nuclear fuel cycle R&D, radiation portal monitoring, dosimetry, international nuclear intelligence analysis, and weak interaction physics. This capability is funded through programs in NNSA (nonproliferation, defense programs), U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), DHS, NE (fuel cycle), EM (waste processing, nuclear materials disposition), NRC, the intelligence community, and SC (nuclear physics [NP] and high energy physics [HEP]). This FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 175 capability advances DOE missions of scientific discovery and innovation (SC 21, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32), energy security (ES 2, 16), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10). 8. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data. PNNL is recognized internationally in advanced computer science, visualization, and data management. PNNL uses its expertise in computing and mathematics to develop scalable analysis algorithms, high performance computing tools, data-intensive information systems, and secure computing infrastructures for scientific discovery, predictive modeling, situational awareness, and decision support. PNNL’s unique capabilities and leadership in data-intensive computing applications and architectures is exemplified in four centers. The DoD-funded Center for Adaptive Supercomputing Software MultiThreaded Architectures conducts research in algorithms, systems software, and programming environments to enable data-intensive applications with no spatial or temporal locality and will benefit from novel architectures. Second, PNNL provides international leadership for information analytics through a portfolio of projects support by the DHS and intelligence community, which delivers decision-making and analysis tools to intelligence analysts, national and homeland security officials, and first responders and law enforcement personnel. Third, the Cyber Innovation and Operations Center, a leader in integrating cyber counterintelligence with research in analytics and operations, focuses on identifying and responding to current and emerging threats to our nation’s defenses and critical infrastructure. Lastly, the Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center (EIOC) merges real-time sensor data with advanced computing, bringing together industry software, real-time grid data, and advanced computation into a functional control room for real-time monitoring and management of the nation’s electric grid. PNNL’s strengths in data management and informatics support EMSL, ARM, the BELLE II HEP experiment, 10 and a broad portfolio of projects for DOE-SC and the national security sector. PNNL is a leader in computational chemistry, subsurface transport simulation, and modeling and simulation for the power grid. For 10 years, PNNL has led the nation in cyber security capabilities to detect and analyze DOE networks and electricity infrastructure. Leading the DOE Cooperative Protection Program and Cyber Intelligence Center, PNNL is responsible for the research of next generation cyber security sensors, standards for secure communication protocols, design of analytic methods and tools, and operational analysis of the integrity and security of cyber networks. Computer science capabilities include data analysis and visualization, performance and power modeling, programming and execution models, and hardware and software multithreading. Computational math capabilities include upscaling, stochastic partial differential equations, and uncertainty quantification. PNNL has 355 staff scientists and engineers supporting this core capability located in CSF, Systems Engineering Facility (SEF), Information Sciences Building (ISB)1, ISB2, and EMSL facilities. This capability underpins PNNL’s programs in data-intensive and high performance computing, scientific and knowledge discovery frameworks, cyber security, information analytics, signature discovery, computational chemistry, computational biology and bioinformatics, and computational subsurface science. This capability is funded through programs in SC (ASCR, BER, BES), Intelligence and Counterterrorism, Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), NNSA (nuclear nonproliferation), DHS, DoD, intelligence community, NIH, and the National Science Foundation. This capability advances DOE’s missions of scientific discovery and innovation (SC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 16, 26), energy security (ES 10), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12). 9. Systems Engineering and Integration. PNNL is internationally recognized in systems engineering and integration. This core capability focuses on solving complex problems by synthesizing and integrating multiple disciplines to mature technologies and implementing efficient solutions. The Laboratory defines and interprets complex technical requirements and translates them into fieldable solutions that address economic, 10 The U.S. Belle II project is delivering detector subsystems to the KEK Laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan for integration with the Belle II detector and SuperKEKB accelerator. An international Belle II collaboration (450+ scientists, 70+ institutions, 20+ countries) aims to discover new physics beyond the “standard model” through observing rare or forbidden heavy quark and lepton decays. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 176 social, and engineering considerations. Using a structured approach to understand complex systems throughout their life cycle, PNNL uses its domain knowledge and experience in engineered systems simulation and modeling; system architecture and design; test, evaluation, and optimization; technology assessment, integration, and deployment; policy assessment and economic evaluation; and regulatory analysis, risk assessment, and decision support. PNNL applies a graded approach to our systems engineering discipline that enables us to deliver solutions in a highly efficient, effective way. PNNL is known worldwide for field-deploying international nuclear materials safeguards, security, and complex radiation detection systems. PNNL also leads in developing integrated building energy technologies, advancing national power grid reliability and smart grid technology, and conducting large-scale technology demonstrations. To support this capability, PNNL has approximately 430 scientists and engineers within key facilities that include the EIOC (Math Building), System Engineering Facility, 2400 Stevens, Radiation Detection Laboratory, and the Large Detector Test Facility (part of the PSF complex). The systems engineering and integration capability is funded through programs in EERE (buildings), EM (waste processing, nuclear materials disposition), Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE; infrastructure security and energy restoration), FE (carbon- and co-sequestration), SC (BER), NNSA (nonproliferation), DHS, and the intelligence community. This capability advances DOE missions of scientific discovery and innovation (SC 11, 16, 30), energy security (ES 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9). 10. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. PNNL is recognized internationally for its ability to conceive, design, build, operate, and manage world-class scientific user facilities. This capability focuses on the design and development of transformational research tools and techniques that accelerate scientific discovery and technical solutions. PNNL has demonstrated this ability in the design, construction, and operation of the EMSL, DOE’s first user facility to deliver a suite of unique and state-of-the-art instruments that accelerate scientific discovery and innovation to advance DOE’s missions. This capability also enables PNNL’s contribution to the design and operation of the ARM Climate Research Facility. EMSL boasts an unparalleled collection of state-of-the-art computational and experimental capabilities that is focused around its three science themes of biological interactions and dynamics; geochemistry and biogeochemistry in terrestrial and subsurface ecosystems; and the science of interfacial phenomena to address critical challenges in DOE’s environmental and energy mission areas. Advanced instrumentation is integrated with multidisciplinary teams of users collaborating with expert staff to resolve complex scientific problems. EMSL provides access to instrumentation in high performance mass spectroscopy, high resolution microscopy, high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, surface and interface spectroscopies, and high performance molecular science computing unmatched in sensitivity and resolution, sample throughput, and variety of in situ sample environments. ARM is the world’s premier ground-based observational facility for advancing climate change research. With five permanent sites in diverse environments around the world (including the newest one in the Azores) and three mobile facilities, the ARM Climate Research Facility is used by scientists worldwide to improve the understanding and representation of clouds, aerosols, and other key processes in climate and earth system models. This unique scientific user facility also includes an aerial facility with research aircraft that complement and enhance ARM’s long-term ground-based measurements and a data archive that includes both raw and value-added data from ARM sites and field campaigns. EMSL and ARM provide unique opportunities to national and international scientific users to conduct worldclass research individually and in collaboration with PNNL staff. More than 80 personnel are dedicated to designing, building, operating, and managing large-scale user facilities. The large-scale user facility and advanced instrumentation capability is funded by SC (BER, BES) and NIH (National Center for Research Resources). This capability advances DOE’s missions of scientific discovery and innovation (SC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 24, 26, 33, 34), energy security (ES 8, 9), environmental management (EM 2, 3), national security (NNSA 2), and homeland security (HS 1, 3). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 177 Science Strategy for the Future PNNL’s scientific vision is to develop a predictive understanding of complex systems enabling design, manipulation, and control. Through the development and use of innovative imaging and analysis techniques, dataintensive and extreme-scale computing and analytics capabilities, PNNL’s scientific leadership is having significant mission impact in energy, environment, and national and homeland security as described below. • Strengthen U.S. Scientific Foundations for Innovation. Progress in basic science is essential to America’s continued prosperity and security. Breakthroughs in fundamental and computational science yield remarkable discoveries and scientific tools that reveal nature’s deepest mysteries and advance our understanding of the world around us. They also provide a foundation for delivering science-based solutions in energy, the environment, and national security. Our focus is on the most important scientific challenges— fundamental understanding of chemical and physical processes, understanding global climate system dynamics and impacts, elucidating the dynamics of complex biological and biogeochemical systems, designing and synthesizing functional and structural materials—and the new tools needed to address these challenges. • Increase U.S. Energy Capacity and Reduce Dependence on Imported Oil. Reliance on carbon-based fuels has provided inexpensive power, economic growth and a pathway to U.S. energy security. At the same time, the ever-increasing cost associated with the impact of climate change has driven an international race for new low-carbon technologies. New technologies are leading to small, modular, and regionally dispersed generation, which is more sustainable. Significant increases in domestic natural gas production and oil recovery are fundamentally changing the energy market, reinforcing the need for a more flexible, environmentally neutral energy system. These trends call for significant advances in complementary costcompetitive, sustainable energy technologies and a comprehensive modernization of the power grid. To address these trends, PNNL is delivering innovations in energy efficiency, conversions, and materials, and is leading a fundamental transformation in the design and operation of the future grid. These advances will help propel the U.S. energy system toward a sustainable future. • Reduce Environmental Effects of Human Activity and Create Sustainable Systems. Significant environmental challenges emerge from pursuing national economic, energy, and security goals. Managing these issues is often costly in terms of jobs and economic security. Addressing these priorities requires the ability to accurately represent complex environmental systems and develop options for managing them in the context of competing national goals. PNNL is advancing innovative tools to resolve legacy waste challenges, respond to extreme environmental events, evaluate sites for energy production, and predict tradeoffs of policies and decisions. Our ability to do this faster and more effectively is key to balancing urgent needs for energy and security with stewardship of our environmental resources. • Prevent and Counter Terrorism and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Effect. Global terrorism and the threats posed by the proliferation of nuclear materials and weapons will continue to evolve in complexity as adversaries attempt to penetrate our defenses and evade detection. New security challenges are arising from the confluence of global climate change, sharply rising energy demands, and geopolitical-social transitions in areas that may threaten U.S. national security interests. Innovative strategies and technologies are essential to counter these dynamic and emerging global threats. PNNL is enhancing America’s security by discovering, assessing, and mitigating complex threats and responding effectively to disruptive events. Our focus is on ultra-sensitive nuclear measurements, threat signature discovery, information analytics from multi-source data, and critical cyber infrastructure protection. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. PNNL’s campus is located in southeastern Washington State, north of Richland, south of the DOE Hanford Site, and includes several satellite locations across the country. The campus includes a mix of public and private land and facility ownerships, and comprises 95 structures including: • 19 DOE-owned buildings (830,776 gsf; average age 24 years) • 44 Battelle-owned buildings (509,012 gsf; average age 39 years) • 32 buildings from third-party leases and agreements (1,074,015 gsf; average age 20 years). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 178 The site land use is described in PNNL’s Campus Master Plan. 11 Table 2 includes SC buildings and Hanford Site EM buildings occupied and maintained by PNNL during FY 2012. 12 Asset Utilization Index values were calculated from Facility Information Management System data validated in May 2012. PNNL is examining all future space options. One option includes a DOE purchase of an existing facility. Other options include leased space, which is used (as needed) in support of delivering on the Laboratory’s mission. An Advanced Agreement incorporated into the FY 2013 PNNL contract allows DOE exclusive use of BMI facilities through FY 2017 with an option to lease the buildings 5 years beyond. All leased space is examined and evaluated annually for the potential consolidation and reduction of PNNL’s leased portfolio. A summary of lease actions and expirations is provided in Appendix 5. Utility infrastructure is owned, operated, and maintained by DOE and the City of Richland. The infrastructure remains in fair to good condition. A campus utility development project to allow for the new federal acquisitions described in Section 6.2.2 has been approved and will be implemented in FY 2014. In support of a transfer of services to the City of Richland, electrical infrastructure owned and operated by the City of Richland is being installed to the 300 Area and expected to be complete at the beginning of FY 2014. Table 1. PNNL’s DOE (EM and SC) Currently Owned and Operated Facilities and Infrastructure Total Bldg, Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI(B, S, T) $410,400,862 $0 $410,400,862 $2,610,350 346 0 0.994 # Building Assets 10 2 4 1 3 9 0 0 # Trailer # OSF Assets Assets 0 1 3 8 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 # GSF (Bldg) 776,716 42,140 4,694 700 21,264 776,016 0 0 0.995 Mission Critical 0.971 Mission Dependent 1.000 Not Mission Dependent 89.26 Office 100 Warehouse Asset Utilization 97.19 Laboratory Index (B, T) 2, 3 0 Hospital 0 Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers 1 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s). 2 Criteria includes DOE Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. Asset Condition Index (B, S, T) 1 # GSF (Trailer) 0 7,253 0 7,253 0 0 0 0 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The F&I strategy identifies key actions to maintain mission-ready PNNL core capabilities, deliver space and facilities according to our guiding principles, and support the achievement of our vision: to inspire and enable world-leading S&T in support of Laboratory missions. Within 10 years, PNNL’s F&I strategy will result in a mission-ready PNNL campus with a lower operating cost, a smaller campus footprint, and average age of facilities, while increasing federal control of assets. In FY 2013, a series of DOE-driven, contractor-supported analyses were conducted that informed the F&I strategy. The analyses were driven by three DOE strategic objectives and the PNNL Campus Master Plan guiding principles. The strategic objectives include mission alignment, reasonable and achievable (i.e., practical and costeffective) investment scenarios, and campus continuity with increasing federal control of assets. The guiding 11 https://collaborate.pnl.gov/projects/facilitiescontent/SiteAssets/Home_Page/Campus_Master_Plan.pdf The BMI PNNL campus facilities not included in Table 1 can be found in the Infrastructure/Mission Readiness Supplemental Data document. 12 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 179 principles include modern, collaborative, flexible, and sustainable space to support mission alignment. The analyses took into account the Advanced Agreement (i.e., PNNL contract Appendix J) that includes the impacts of remediating BMI facilities, and included additional types of space needed to support current and projected mission work. In the subsections below and summarized in Appendix 3, we address the analysis and the resulting 10-year F&I Strategy and Investment Plan. As executed, this plan will deliver increased federal control of assets, modernized facilities, and decreased operating costs while maintaining the mission readiness of our core capabilities as well as ongoing program and strategic needs. Gap Analysis (Surplus and Needs). A thorough gap analysis was conducted based on the types and quantities of space required for the next 10 years (FY 2013–FY 2023). The analysis included needs aligned to PNNL’s mission, remediation impacts, and the opportunity to optimize the campus. A summary of needs and analysis is provided below. • Multi-purpose Programmatic – A systematic review of customer forecasts, current space usage, and surplus space over a 10-year period identified gaps in wet chemistry and imaging spaces based on a relatively flat customer forecast and were validated by DOE through an independent review. Current and projected needs were defined by integrating existing data from space inventory, time charging, and project financial systems. Merging the client forecasted needs over the 10-year period resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the mission gaps to include types of needed and surplus spaces (Figure 2). • Strategic – Facility capabilities identified as strategic investments supporting PNNL’s major initiatives and core capabilities were incorporated into the gap analysis. The Efficient and Secure Electricity Management major initiative identified systems engineering and computational analytic space needs that are not currently available within the existing F&I portfolio. Senior laboratory leadership also identified the need for flexible, on-site S&T collaborative meeting space, services and amenities, and a prominent and centralized point of entry into the laboratory which would support capabilities across PNNL (Appendix 4). These represent two strategic priorities within the Laboratory that were identified in the gap analysis. • Remediation – PNNL’s contract requires remediation of the radiological contamination in BMI facilities. The RTL complex at the south end of the campus is one of the contaminated facilities requiring remediation. A preliminary assessment of the complex identified that the most effective and efficient remediation action would be to demolish the RTL complex. Encroachment by the public, including apartment complexes across the street from the facility, requires expediting those remediation plans. Critical capabilities within the RTL complex include research related to systems engineering and integration, environmental subsurface science, and applied materials science and engineering (see Section 3.0 for details). The Laboratory is evaluating all potential options to absorb as much space into the existing F&I portfolio; however, wet chemistry, instrumentation, and laboratory support space in the RTL add to and are included in the gap. • Optimization – Planned facility exits are designed into the F&I strategy to reduce the projected surplus space. Coupled with corresponding plans to build new facility space, our strategy will reduce operational costs associated with operating older facilities. A building-by-building analysis was performed examining operating costs and future maintenance relevance to mission and surplus space. This analysis provided data used to evaluate long-term plans for each building. 13 The consolidated gap (needs and surplus space) will be addressed by a comprehensive set of investments and divestments over the next 10 years. Strategic Site Investments. The gap analysis described in the previous section identified needs and surplus space that will be addressed by PNNL’s F&I strategy. Where possible, the plan leverages existing space and uses capabilities already present on the campus. The F&I strategy incorporates options to resolve the gap and maintain the campus capabilities. It includes options to transfer ownership of facilities to DOE, build additions/annex(es) to 13 Detailed information is available in the Infrastructure/Mission Readiness Supplemental Data document. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 180 existing federal facilities, build stand-alone facilities (through IGPP), and make investments to maintain existing F&I assets. As one of the initial investments, DOE is investigating the acquisition of a facility with 90,000 gsf that is partially occupied by PNNL. This facility includes wet chemistry, instrument, high bay, and office space. Tenants other than PNNL currently occupy approximately 50% of the facility. As these tenants vacate the facility, additional instrument and high bay space would become available to DOE and PNNL. There is also the potential for future building annex(es), which could add additional high bay and large instrument scale-up space to the building as the need arises. The purchase of the facility is anticipated to be accomplished with FY 2013 IGPP. Another element of our strategy addresses a space gap by acquiring new multipurpose space as annex(es) to existing federal facilities. Planned acquisitions include expansion of EMSL or other federal facilities, providing wet chemistry, imaging (quiet space), and office space. This approach may shorten the timeframe to address the chemistry space needs compared to building new, stand-alone buildings. Annexes to existing federal facilities will be accomplished with IGPP funds and considered when it is feasible, cost-effective, and the work is synergistic with space capabilities. Facility annexes will partially close the mission need gap. New stand-alone IGPP facility acquisitions, located on federal land, will also be required to completely close the gap. One of the new planned IGPP acquisitions will provide multipurpose space capability allowing amongst other functions the integration of modeling, monitoring, and analysis of the U.S. electric grid supporting a broader spectrum of energy and national security research and operation in ways not possible today (see Section 4.0). This space will also house the PNNL Building Operations Control Center to centralize campus energy management and utility operations and provide a central location for managing unplanned events or emergencies affecting the campus operations. The facility capabilities support the Efficient and Secure Electricity Management major initiative and support integration of the Computational, Visualization and Data Analysis and Systems Engineering and Integration core capabilities. Other elements of PNNL’s F&I strategy include an SLI project that will be designed to deliver significant S&T impact through the development of a modern, synergistic core campus that fosters a collaborative and innovative environment (plans to be defined in the 2015 and 2016 Annual Laboratory Plans). We also have planned GPP investments with a focus on modifying the existing EMSL facility footprint for user benefit with plans for an additional mechanical support area in the next 5 years. The final element of the strategy incorporates a divestment of surplus space and divestment of non-DOE facilities identified to be costly or inefficient, which was included as part of the optimization analysis. In total, the strategy exits approximately 31 leased and contractor-owned facilities outside the core campus, modernizing the campus while eliminating the high operating costs of older facilities Trends and Metrics. We have made significant progress during FY 2013 on identifying new and improved ways to understand our space use and operational costs associated with our facilities (Table 3 and Figure 3). Central to our space management effort, we established the standards and processes to manage space efficiently and effectively. Standards for space types (e.g., chemistry, biology, instrumentation) have been modeled based on industry standards and adapted for the scientific work at PNNL. Future metrics to inform decisions are under consideration and may include an analysis of both business volume and full-time equivalent (FTE) staff per square foot (sq ft). The Mission Readiness Assessment Process engages R&D and facilities and operations management to make decisions collaboratively on facility actions aligned with the standards. Partnership with DOE has enabled transparency in our process with regard to BMI building maintenance. Increased collaboration in our processes resulting from notifications on our maintenance investments, encourage more efficient and effective decisions that align to the campus strategy. Utilization metrics associated with functionality, density, and adjacency – all elements of utilization performance – were developed with existing data systems and are readily available to inform investment decisions. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 181 Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments (SC Owned)1 ($M) Maintenance DMR EFD (Overhead) IGPP2 GPP3 Line Item4 Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM Site Wide ACI 2012 8.8 0 0 8.2 1.5 18.5 2013 7.4 0 0 14.0 21.4 430 2 0.99 2014 9.2 0 0 16.1 25.3 440 2 1.00 2015 9.3 0 0 15.2 9.0 33.5 474 2 1.00 2016 9.8 0 0 15.7 25.5 493 1 1.00 2017 14.7 0 0 18.2 32.9 513 1 1.00 2018 12.1 0 0 19.5 31.6 541 1 1.00 2019 9.0 0 0 18.8 50.0 77.8 555 1 1.00 2020 16.3 0 0 16.0 32.3 576 1 1.00 2021 12.6 0 0 16.0 28.6 590 1 1.00 2022 14.5 0 0 16.0 30.5 649 1 1.00 2023 15.4 0 0 16.0 31.4 673 0 1.00 1 Does not include any leased facilities IGPP includes planned investments in DOE leased facilities 3 GPP details represent EMSL programmatic investments. Planned investments consist of a central power plant in FY 2015, an office pod in FY 2016, a computer room in FY 2019 and second office pod in FY 2020. 4 Line Item funding is reserved for CSIL pending decision. 2 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 90.0 1.000 80.0 0.990 70.0 0.980 0.970 60.0 0.960 50.0 0.950 40.0 0.940 30.0 0.930 20.0 0.920 10.0 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 182 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables. Core Capability Time Frame Now Chemical and Molecular Sciences In 5 Years Mission Ready N M P X Biological Systems Science Environmental Subsurface Science Advanced Computer Science, Visualization and Data X Now In 5 Years X X Now In 5 Years X X In 10 Years X X X In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years AML,ARM , JGCRI, ETB, MSL X BSEL, BSF, CSF, LSL-I, EMSL, MSL LSL-I, MSL, RTL, EMSL, PSL Action Plan Laboratory The EMSL large instrumentation and chemical synthesis laboratory space is fully subscribed, and space less aligned to EMSL user program should be relocated outside EMSL. The existing campus facilities cannot support additional need for hood-intensive, chemical synthesis laboratories or vibration and EMF-isolated imaging suites. Dated laboratory layouts and fixed casework limit research productivity and make housing analytical equipment a challenge. Additional modern, flexible space to include wet chemistry hoods is needed to support the Institute for Integrated Catalysis (IIC) and Energy Frontier Research Center programs. Near-term plan will focus on relocating staff to support the remediation project. Long-term new chemistry space will be acquired using IGPP to accommodate current and future needs. Projects: IGPP annex to federal facility and/or wet chemistry IGPP with accompanying office IGPP facility. Additional mid-scale computing resources are needed to support regional and global climate and earth systems modeling activities. Requirements for additional midscale computing resources are currently being evaluated and incorporated into PNNL computing strategy. With the exception of off-campus MSL, all facilities are newly constructed or fully functional. By agreement with WSU, PNNL’s BSEL footprint is limited. Project: Relocate and consolidate to improve collaboration. In general existing space meets functional needs, though staff and equipment could be better located to enhance collaboration. Near-term plans will relocate work to the core campus. Relocation projects due to remediation and consolidation efforts will improve collaboration on the core campus. FY2012 lease actions (SEF) and infrastructure upgrades (FY2012 IGPP) partially addresses the needs associated with classified and unclassified computer technology and computation staff needs. Remaining needs associated with classified computing (sensitive compartmented information facility [SCIF] space) need to be addressed. Campus computing consolidating and high performance computing SCIF will allow for full utilization of computational space. Projects: CSF SCIF, Systems Engineering, and Computational Analytics IGPP. X In 10 Years Now In 5 Years EMSL, PSL, MSL X In 10 Years Climate Change Science C Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Key Buildings/ Facilities and Infrastructure Capability Gap Facilities DOE X X X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans CSF, SEF, ISB1, ISB2, EMSL 183 Core Capability Time Frame Now In 5 Years Applied Nuclear Science and Technology Applied Material Science and Engineering Chemical Engineering Mission Ready N M P X X X X X X Large-Scale User Facilities/ Advanced Instrumentation In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years RCL, RPL, PSF Complex, 2400STV 3410, RTL, APEL, PSL, EMSL BSEL, PSL, RPL, APEL, X X Now Systems Engineering and Integration X X PSF Complex, Math, SEF, 2400STV Laboratory DOE The majority of existing facilities are functional with the exception of the B-Cell window in RPL and ductwork in several acidic wet chemistry hooded labs located in 3420 (PSF Complex). Temporary relocation to the 300 Area may be needed to enable the ductwork to be addressed. Additional radiochemistry and sensor development laboratories are required to address anticipated rapid growth in signature science. A small part of this core capability is located in an off-campus leased office and instrumentation development laboratory facility. Efficiencies and collaborative opportunities can be gained by locating this core capability on the PNNL campus. Evaluation of options for life extension of the 300 Area has commenced. Limited availability to chemical materials space and space in close proximity to applied and process scale-up laboratories supporting this core capability. Remediation project impacts the space holding, which may require staff relocation. Incubator facility remote from the PNNL campus had a limited amount of chemistry, high ceiling process development, and office space. Current chemistry space is fully occupied and inflexible to process equipment changes. Ongoing IGPP project in RPL, “BCell replacement window.” Project to address 3420 hooded duct work issue in development. Ongoing evaluation of life extension upgrades to 300 Area facilities. Continue efforts to improve scientific collaboration on the core campus and consolidate into surplus space. Near-term DOE facility purchase is under investigation. Projects: Facility IGPP purchase, IGPP facility on core campus. Near-term, DOE facility purchase is under investigation. Projects: Remediation, additional IGPP wet chemistry space and facility IGPP purchase. Multiple on- and off-campus leased facilities house required instrument development laboratories, and classified office and laboratory space. Efficiencies and collaborative opportunities can be gained by locating this core capability on the PNNL campus. In the long-term, it will be necessary to replace off-campus leased space, 2400 Stevens. Projects: IGPP Systems Engineering and Computational Analytics. The EMSL unique large instrumentation and chemical synthesis laboratory space is fully functional and fully subscribed. Planned (beyond FY12) project expansion in computational capacity will require increased electrical power and cooling. New multipurpose IGPP facilities will relocate less aligned programs outside the “EMSL User Program” within the EMSL facility. Evaluating additions of annex(es) for wet chemistry and imaging space. X X X EMSL, ARM In 10 Years Action Plan X In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years Now In 5 Years In 10 Years C Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Key Buildings/ Facilities and Infrastructure Capability Gap Facilities X Projects: IGPP annex(es), additional utility IGPP project. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 184 Facilities Acronyms 2400STV AML APEL ARM = = = = BSEL BSF C CSF DOE EFRC EMF EMSL ETB IIC ISB1 ISB2 JGCRI LSL-I = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2400 Stevens Atmospheric Measurements Laboratory Applied Process Engineering Laboratory Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. ARM Climate Research Facility is a mobile User Program facility Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory Biological Sciences Facility capable Computational Sciences Facility U.S. Department of Energy Energy Frontier Research Center electromagnetic field Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Environmental Technology Building Institute for Integrated Catalysis Information Sciences Building 1 Information Sciences Building 2 Joint Global Change Research Institute Life Sciences Laboratory I (331 Building) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans M Math MSL N P PSF Complex = = = = = = PSL RCL RPL RTL SCIF SEF TYSP WSU = = = = = = = = marginal Math Building Marine Sciences Laboratory not partial Physical Sciences Facility Complex. Complex refers to five newly constructed federal facilities north of Horn Rapids Road and includes: 3410 – Material Sciences & Technology Laboratory 3420 – Radiation Detection Laboratory 3425 – Ultra-low Background Counting Laboratory 3430 – Ultra-trace Laboratory 3440 – Large Detector Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory Radiochemical Calibration Laboratory (318 Building) Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (325 Building) Research Technology Laboratory Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility Systems Engineering Facility Ten-Year Site Plan Washington State University 185 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Mission Ready Current Real Property Capability N M P Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap C Laboratory X Unmet need for flexible on-site S&T collaborative meeting space and accessible amenities within walking distance. PNNL IGPP collaboration space purposed within planning period X Various on-site amenities are inadequate, including conferencing food center, visitor badging, and central entrance to the campus. Minimal food services within walking and/or driving distance. PNNL IGPP collaboration space purposed within planning period Site Services X Maintenance and fabrication facilities are in a poor condition and/or location. These facilities are oversubscribed. A lack of storage facilities result in notin-use materials and equipment stored in offices and laboratories. Central Operations Building, Central Machine Shop identified beyond the planning period IGPP replacement of warehouse/shop Conference and Collaboration Space X Amount of collaboration space is below industry standards. On-site conferencing space is less than required. PNNL IGPP collaboration space purposed within planning period Utilities X Back flow preventers are required for facilities. An increase need for reliable electrical distribution system to support computation data needs and utilities for investments in federal assets are needed. BMI-funded backflow preventer installation; EMSL Electrical Infrastructure Upgrade (City of Richland); 300 Area transition of services to City of Richland. New infrastructure distribution to North Horn Rapids Road Roads and Grounds X General end-of-life issues and safety concerns along Innovation Blvd. Various road and grounds projects (BMI) and repaving of Innovation Blvd (IGPP) X Security operations are transferring to PNNL from an outside provider. To meet future needs, a new security operation building or existing facility modification is envisioned to house equipment and operations. Central Security Operations space within existing footprint; camera replacement project. No additional direct funding is needed. Camera replacement is expense funding. Work Environment User Accommodations Security Infrastructure DOE NOTE: Current plans address technical facilities and infrastructure ahead of the support facilities. N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 186 Attachment 2. PNNL Lease Actions and Expiration Portfolio Near-Term Lease Actions Contractor Leased Planned Exit (Sig3, partial 2400 Stevens) Additions (BMI) Total Leased Portfolio Expirations Sigma III1 2400 Stevens3 Sigma I3 BIL (ILA)2 LSL-II (ILA)2 APEL Seattle (ILA)3 Sigma II Sigma V Port of Pasco (Hanger)3 JGCRI (Maryland) LSB Sigma IV Salk SEF ISB1 ISB2 CIC (Library) ETB NSB UHF FY 2012 FY 2012 1,074,000 1,074,000 FY 2013 FY 2013 1,074,000 (22,000) 1,052,000 FY 2014 1,052,000 (48,000) 1,004,000 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 FY 2018 20,000 102,000 20,000 16,000 14,000 30,000 52,000 30,000 20,000 48,000 10,000 10,000 18,000 84,000 21,000 10,000 48,000 50,000 60,000 30,000 Total (sq ft) 212,000 150,000 142,000 51,000 40,000 218,000 100,000 100,000 29,000 229,000 1 Two leases were terminated in FY13 (Sigma 3 & Lexington). PNNL is planning on terminating an additional 40,000 to 50,000 sq ft of leased space in FY14. BIL and LSL-II, two BMI-owned buildings, were included in the PNNL facility portfolio as part of the Advanced Agreement. DOE was provided exclusive use of the buildings in FY13. 3 Leases were renewed. 2 FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 187 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory is a collaborative national center for plasma and fusion energy sciences. It is the only Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratory devoted to these areas, and it is committed to being the leading U.S. institution investigating the science of magnetic fusion energy. Location: Princeton, New Jersey Type: Single-program laboratory Contract Operator: Princeton University Responsible Field Office: Princeton Site Office Website: www.pppl.gov/ PPPL has two coupled missions. First, PPPL develops the scientific knowledge to realize fusion energy as a clean, safe, and abundant energy source for all nations. Plasma is a hot, ionized gas that under appropriate conditions of temperature, density, and confinement produces fusion energy. PPPL has been a leader in developing the physics of high temperature plasmas needed for fusion. PPPL will continue to solve plasma physics problems crucial to fusion energy, as well as contribute to solutions of key engineering science challenges associated with the material structure that surrounds the hot plasma. The second mission is to develop plasma science over its broad range of physics challenges and applications. Modern plasma physics began with the advent of the world fusion program, and continues to lead to new discoveries in the nonlinear dynamics of this complex state of matter. The vast applications range from scientific (e.g., plasmas in the cosmos) to technological (e.g., plasmaaided manufacturing). Physical Assets: • 88.5 acres; 34 buildings • 754K sf in Active Operational Buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $536.0 million • 0 sf in leased facilities For over five decades PPPL has been a leader in magnetic confinement experiments and theory. PPPL is a partner in the U.S. Contributions to the ITER Project and leads multi-institutional collaborative work on the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The Laboratory hosts smaller experimental facilities used by multi-institutional research teams and collaborates strongly by sending scientists, engineers and specialized equipment to other fusion research facilities in the U.S. and abroad. To support these activities, the Laboratory maintains nationally leading programs in plasma theory and computation, plasma science and technology, and graduate education. Core Capabilities PPPL has significant scientific and engineering capabilities to support the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science’s mission to develop the knowledge base for fusion energy and high temperature plasmas. These capabilities are vital for the Princeton University’s Graduate Program in Plasma Physics, ranked one of the highest in the nation. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Human Capital: • 414 FTEs • 3 Joint faculty • 20 Postdoctoral researchers • 40 Graduate students • ~300 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): Other SC, 2.659 NNSA, 0 WFO, 3.227 HEP, 0.284 ASCR, 0.284 FES, 74.897 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $82.6 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $79.4 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $3.2 million WFO % of Total Lab Operating Costs: 4.0% DHS Costs: $0 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $1.26 million 188 1. Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences. PPPL has unique experimental and theoretical capabilities and facilities to explore the physical processes that take place within the high-temperature, high-pressure plasmas required for fusion energy. Areas of special strength include: the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX); the Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX); high-resolution techniques to measure plasma properties and processes at a wide range of space and time scales; extremely powerful capabilities for plasma heating and current drive; capabilities for analysis of data from high-temperature plasmas used by experimental teams around the world; expertise in a wide range of magnetic confinement configurations; world-leading basic plasma experimental facilities such as the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX); and premier analytic theory capabilities that are internationally recognized as a continuing source of seminal ideas and mathematical foundations for plasma physics and fusion energy science. PPPL also has unique computational capabilities to accelerate progress in understanding the physics of high temperature and burning plasmas (e.g., ITER). This includes codes for modeling small-scale plasma turbulence and associated plasma transport, nonlinear extended magnetohydrodynamics of larger scale plasma equilibria and motions, and wave-plasma interactions with plasma heating and the fusion-product induced instabilities possibly present in ITER. PPPL leads in advanced algorithmic development to enable efficient utilization of DOE-SC’s leadership-class computing facilities for fusion research. This allows us to validate physics-based predictive models against existing experiments, to investigate innovations to successfully development fusion energy, and use the integrated models to guide ITER operations in the future. Recently, PPPL with Princeton University’s Engineering Department has established two surface analysis laboratories to study fusion-relevant material issues. In addition PPPL has established a nano-laboratory to study the development of plasma produced carbon nanotubes. 2. Large Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. PPPL has unique engineering capabilities in: plasma measurement, heating, and current drive system design and construction; safe and environmentally benign facility operation including the use of tritium fuel; and specialized fusion confinement facility design and construction. These strengths together with an enormously capable site for fusion research (shielded test cells, high-current power supplies, extensive cryogenic facilities, and high-speed broad-band network) support the operation of NSTX, aid the development and testing of components for ITER, and enable collaborations on major national and international fusion research facilities. PPPL is a partner with ORNL and Savannah River in the U.S. ITER Program, and specifically manages the U.S. role in ITER diagnostics and the ITER steady state electric network. These capabilities provide a flexible, capable location for possible next-step U.S. fusion research facilities. PPPL is internationally recognized as a pioneer in the development and implementation of fusion plasma diagnostics. It has provided diagnostics as well as the supporting expertise to many fusion programs around the world, often in collaboration with other U.S. institutions. PPPL’s seminal contributions have been particularly strong in techniques to measure in detail the profile of the plasma parameters (density, temperature, current density, and rotation), fluctuation diagnostics to measure the underlying instabilities and turbulence responsible for plasma transport, and measurements of both the confined and lost alpha-particles produced by fusion reactions. PPPL has a long-standing, active collaboration program providing diagnostics to fusion programs around the world (JET, JT-60, LHD, W7X, C-Mod, DIII-D, EAST, and KSTAR). Science Strategy for the Future PPPL has a dual mission to enable fusion energy for the world and to lead discoveries across the broad frontier of plasma science and technology. As evidenced by surging research in fusion abroad, there is a rapidly increasing imperative to develop clean, plentiful, and safe fusion energy. PPPL plans to provide solutions to the key physics and engineering challenges of fusion, in collaboration with laboratories worldwide. The understanding of plasma has huge consequences to neighboring sciences (such as the visible cosmos, mostly composed of plasma) and to technological applications (from plasma-based nanotechnology to plasma rocket thrusters). PPPL focuses on fusion energy in which the hot fusion plasma is confined magnetically. PPPL is developing the compact, high pressure (relative to magnetic pressure) approach known as the spherical tokamak (ST), through its major collaborative facility, the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The ST is a leading candidate for a next step fusion nuclear facility in the U.S., and NSTX results are essential to establish the physics basis for this FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 189 next step. NSTX is also a leading facility worldwide to develop solutions for the plasma-material interface – a major scientific challenge for fusion energy – and is providing information on the physics of toroidal magnetic confinement important for ITER and beyond. ITER is an international fusion experiment, based on the standard tokamak design, that will demonstrate net fusion power generation (of 500 MW) for the first time. A lab-wide program is exploring the use of a liquid wall as the material that faces a fusion plasma – a potential breakthrough solution if it is proven to be scientifically feasible. PPPL aims to enter the new era of integrated modeling using the most advanced computers to understand the full fusion plasma system. New 3D designs for fusion systems are under study – computation physicists can devise new, remarkable configurations that confine hot plasmas in steady state with reliability. Beyond fusion, PPPL performs research to understand how plasma processes determine the behavior of major astronomical objects. PPPL will enhance its contributions to plasma science and applications generally, in areas such as plasma-based mass filters for nuclear waste remediation, plasma-based nanotechnology for improved production of nanomaterials, plasma rocket thrusters for fine positioning of satellites, development of new techniques for short-pulse and intense lasers, and more. In addition to a broad program of national and international collaboration, new activities are being initiated between PPPL and other units of Princeton University, particularly with material scientists and astrophysicists. PPPL conducts an expansive education program, including operation of the Princeton University graduate program in plasma physics, activities for middle and high school students, research activities for undergraduates, and research and training experiences for middle and high school teachers. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory is located on 88.5 acres within the Princeton University Forrestal Campus. The 1,750-acre campus is punctuated by dense woods, brooks and nearby streams; almost 500 acres remain in their natural state in order to protect and enhance the character of the campus. The Laboratory setting provides an attractive environment to conduct research, appropriately separated from its neighbors. The PPPL Environmental Management System (ISO 14001 certified) provides a comprehensive approach for controlling PPPL activities in a manner that minimizes negative impacts to the environment. The Laboratory utilizes 754,196 gross square feet of space in 33 Government-owned buildings located on “C” and “D” sites [see Figure 1] and one offsite (pump house.) There are currently no leased buildings or facilities and no plans to enter into any lease agreements. There were no real estate transactions during FY12 and none are currently planned. As Listed in the FIMS 200 FY12 report, the Total Replacement Value (RPV) of all PPPL facilities and infrastructure was ~$536M. Non-Programmatic RPV (used for calculating indices) was ~$377M. The overall Asset Utilization Index (AUI) is 100 (“excellent”) and the overall Asset Condition Index (ACI) is .98 (“good.”) The PPPL maintenance budget for FY13 is approximately $6.46M. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg., Trailer, and OSF RPV (less 3000 series OSF’s) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV Total RPV Total Deferred Maintenance Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site Wide ACI (B, S, T,) Asset Condition Index (B, S, T) 1 Asset Utilization Mission Critical Mission Dependent Not Mission Dependent Office Warehouse FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans $376,518,554.18 $159,604,627.12 $536,123,181.30 $9,130,086 0 0.976 $376,518,554.18 # Building Assets # Trailer Assets # OSF Assets # GSF (Bldg) # GSF (trailer) 12 0 18 505,801 0 21 2 1 246,863 1,344 1 6 0 2 1 1,532 176,757 0 1,344 5 0 44,803 0 190 Index (B, T) 2, 3 Laboratory 9 0 307,761 Hospital 0 0 0 Housing 0 0 0 B= building, S= structure, T=trailer 1 Criteria includes DOE owned buildings, trailers and OSF’s (excludes series 3000 OSF’s) 2 Criteria includes DOE owned buildings and trailers 3 Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 RFPC categories. Other types not included. 0 0 0 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. PPPL has a comprehensive plan to modernize the Laboratory facilities to support world-class research. The goal of the plan is to cost-effectively improve the capacity, maintenance, and operations of the Laboratory to provide first class facilities that enable world-leading science and support the science initiatives. The plan aligns the priorities discussed above in the Science Strategy section with the conduct of maintenance, facility modifications, closure of unneeded facilities, and construction of new facilities. It addresses how real property assets will be used to support the objectives of the DOE Strategic Plan, the Energy Policy Act, the American Competitiveness Initiative, and the DOE Office of Science report “Facilities for the Future: A Twenty-Year Outlook.” Planning is developed in accordance with the Real Property Asset Management Order, DOE 0430.1B and the DOE-SC objective of integrating land use, facilities and infrastructure acquisition, maintenance, recapitalization, safety and security, and disposition plans into a comprehensive site-wide management plan. While the size of the PPPL site is adequate for current and anticipated future needs, present facilities are marginally adequate and impede rapid progress. In the near term, the number of PPPL employees is expected to remain unchanged, while the number of onsite collaborators is expected to grow modestly with funding for the new initiatives and ITER work under mentioned in the Science Strategy. The focus, therefore, is on modernizing and replacing laboratory and collaborative spaces as well as installed utility systems in existing buildings to provide the capabilities needed for current and planned R&D activities. An example of a contemplated facility investment is the of D-Site second motor generator repair (~$1M) to provide increased capability in future years in support of expanded NSTX experimental operations. Other examples include possible upgrades to a health physics laboratory as well as materials research facilities. In recent years, additional funding had been directed toward reducing maintenance backlogs with substantial success. However, the budget profiles going forward indicate reduced funding in GPP and maintenance line items. This approach is affecting the advances that have previously been made and may impact the development of infrastructure that is needed to support the world-leading initiatives of the Laboratory including those to attract scientists and engineers. A key Science Laboratory Infrastructure (SLI) project has been approved and will allow PPPL to modernize its facilities to support mission lines. This project is expected to begin in FY14 and be completed in FY18. Funding of the SLI is a critical component of our plan to modernize facilities to enable the planned science missions. The costs of each scope item of the plan are being developed to evaluate how best to accomplish the project with the funding levels originally established over five years ago (costs have not been adjusted for inflation or the changing economic horizon). To prioritize the allocation of limited infrastructure funding, PPPL uses the Mission Readiness Process. The Laboratory uses the Capitol Asset Management Process (CAMP) developed by DOE to rank both capital and operationally funded improvements. This process ensures that a systematic approach is used in the allocation of funds and execution of projects. Projects are ranked based on their risk and the benefit they provide to the Laboratory Mission. A key component of the PPPL Mission Readiness Process is the use of the Technical Review Committee (TRC) to review the rankings, which ensures complete laboratory representation in Facility project planning. The “Mission Readiness” Table (Attachment 1) provides a list of PPPL’s core capabilities, broken down into major categories of research and development activities, along with the facility and infrastructure plans that will appropriately support those capabilities. This table summarizes a process that assesses building and facility conditions and links the results to the critical business lines and determines the mission readiness of those facilities. The facility improvement plans, which include the SLI project mentioned above, are designed to ensure the mission readiness is attained to fully support the core capabilities as needed. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 191 Strategic Site Investments. The scope and priority of the PPPL site investment strategy is consistent with the Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure (IFI) crosscut budget submission and the Twenty Year Outlook. The highest priority facilities and infrastructure project is the SLI Project for Construction of Science and Technology Support Infrastructure. This project consists of: construction of a new Science and Technology building; conversion of the Lab Building into modern offices; conversion of the C-Site MG building into a machine shop; and demolition of the Theory Building, Modular Building 6, and a portion of the Administration Building. These objectives will be carefully staged in the most efficient manner so that work disruptions and moves will be minimized. • • Programmatic Justification for the Science and Technology Support Infrastructure. PPPL requires modern facilities to maintain leadership in fusion science and technology and support the science strategy initiatives in the following areas. o Fusion materials – Molten metal experiments o Laboratory plasma astrophysics – Magnetic reconnection/accretion physics o High energy density plasma physics – Heavy ion beams o Plasma processing of materials – Nano-phase materials o Plasma Science and related applications – plasma filters and advanced centrifuge SLI Project. The new PPPL Science and Technology Center will be a modern laboratory structure that will house the research devices (current and future) operated by the Plasma Science and Technology Division, which will be relocated from the outdated, crowded, and inefficient 50 year-old Laboratory Building. The building will provide experimental areas as well as research, laboratory, office, classroom and collaboration space. Flexible experimental research bays will be provided with adequate power, ventilation, an overhead crane and necessary amenities to facilitate safe and efficient operation, maintenance, repairs, and modifications to research devices. Researchers, post-doctoral students, and graduate students will be located in offices that have close and safe proximity to their research devices. The building configuration and area layouts are designed to stimulate active collaboration and encourage sharing of ideas among experimentalists working on different devices. The total estimated cost of the SLI project (combined CD 0 approved by the Office of Science in FY10) is $59 million, excluding upfront concept funding of $750K invested from FY12 and FY13. This was based upon costs submitted in 2007. Cost-estimates in present-day dollars are being re-estimated. There are multiple GPP Projects that are ranked lower in priority with the expectation that the new SLI project will obviate their need. If the SLI project baseline is not adjusted to accommodate the delay in starting the project, there would need to be significant scope reduction in the project, which would mean that some aspects would still require GPP funding: o o o o o o o o $750K Upgrade MG High Roof $225K Installation of New Window Assemblies for Lab wing 2nd floor Others can be removed from the list: $320K Upgrade Theory Wing HVAC $420K L-Wing Electrical Upgrades Other projects may be partially funded by SLI funding $245K New Switchgear for Subs 1,2, and 4 $140K ESAT, MG annex and C-Site MG Fire Alarm System work This project will modernize nearly 20% of the PPPL facility and will reduce maintenance, deferred maintenance and operating costs. The average age of PPPL facilities will be reduced by 8 years, and the deferred maintenance backlog will be reduced by $1.85 million. In addition, the PPPL energy use profile will be reduced by 12%; over 100,000 gsf will be rehabilitated; and ongoing maintenance costs will be reduced by 4.2% ($269,000/year.) The cumulative savings in overhead costs due to the reduction in energy and maintenance costs over a ten-year period is estimated at $580,000/year. The cumulative effect will be to reduce deferred maintenance to meet and exceed DOE-SC goals, resulting in a PPPL ACI of .99. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 192 The project is being planned in accordance with the project management requirements of DOE O413.3B, Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets. New construction and major renovations will be performed in accordance with the Guiding Principles for Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings set forth in the Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Memorandum of Understanding (2006.) A site map is attached depicting the laboratory at the end of the five-year planning period and identifying new, refurbished, and demolished facilities that will result from SLI Line Item funding (Attachment 2.) The impact of the SLI Project will be to modernize the Laboratory’s facilities and provide the building infrastructure to support the scientific initiatives described above in the Science Strategy. Presently, there are three projects in the Plasma Science and Technology Department housed in a 50-year-old building that cannot grow because of their limited space and low ceilings: Magnetic Reconnection Experiment, Lithium Tokamak Experiment, and Field Reverse Configuration/Rotating Magnetic Field Experiments. The low ceiling prevents the use of a crane to move large experimental components. The rooms’ small space prevents the expansion of the existing projects and the start of new larger scale projects. All three of these projects as well as a few smaller projects are key elements in the PPPL Science Strategy for the near and mid-term, and the modernization of the infrastructure will enable the anticipated upgrades of the facilities to be completed efficiently. SLI Projects Schedule - Proposed 2010 – Approve Mission Need (CD-0) – COMPLETED 2013 – Approve Alternative Selection & Cost Range (CD-1) 2015 – Approve Performance Baseline (CD-2) 2015 – Approve Start of Construction (CD-3) 2018 – Approve Project Completion (CD-4) Requested Funding Profile FY11 $0.44M FY12 $0.31M FY14 $5.0M FY15 $9.0M FY16 $15.0M FY17 $16.0M FY18 $14.0M The estimated cost (Other Project Cost) to support programmatic strategic planning, complete conceptual design, and prepare the project documentation to proceed from CD- 0 to CD-1 is $750K. It should be noted that compliance with DOE order 420.1.C, a new update, requires Fire Hazard Assessments and Building Assessments for the real assets at PPPL. The budget for the SLI does not currently reflect these new requirements. The marginal risk involved in not performing these analyses is not believed to be large but the Facilities Division is undertaking the tasks to gather cost data and propose the course of action for this additional requirement. Trends and Metrics. PPPL continues to be a world-leading facility for the research of plasma physics, able to meet all of its key core capability objectives by implementing its Mission Readiness Program. Using the principles of the Mission Readiness model, PPPL has improved cross-functional communications and identified infrastructure gaps along with improving action plans that will allow the Laboratory to bridge those gaps and remain mission capable for the foreseeable future. The overall condition of the Laboratory's facilities continues to be good. PPPL has demonstrated an effective management system for planning, delivering, and operating Laboratory facilities and equipment. Maintenance of active conventional facilities with respect to DOE corporate maintenance investment goals was excellent in FY12. In a facility that is over 50 years old, all facility support systems were maintained in an operational state ensuring no impact to experimental operations and though deferred maintenance slightly increased from the FY12 report, the maintenance investment index goal was met. Infrastructure system reliability, as measured by a reliability index of 1.0, indicates total system reliability for electrical and building support systems. Notably, despite the extreme events associated with Hurricane Sandy, there were no situations in FY12 that resulted in a building or facility being without critical services (or being unusable) during times that the normal population for those buildings was present. Also, Emergency Generator systems operated as designed and the facility had power after the storm. PPPL has also exceeded all energy reduction goals established by Presidential Executive Orders. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 193 Deferred Maintenance per the FIMS 200 - FY12 Owned Infrastructure Data Snapshot is listed at $9.2M. DOE guidance is to reduce the deferred maintenance backlog so that the average ACI for all buildings is above 0.98 by FY18. The current PPPL ACI is 0.98. PPPL funding plans, depicted in the table, show that the Laboratory exceeded the DOE guidance timeline by reaching the 0.98 ACI goal in FY10 and will reach 0.99 in FY19 and sustain that level thereafter. It should be noted that if funding is not provided at a minimum per the projections in the table, achieving or maintaining the ACI goals may not be possible or will suffer delays. Most notably, the SLI project scheduled to begin in FY14 is a key component not only to the Laboratory’s modernization plans, but also to the plans to reduce deferred maintenance. Without funding for this project, the Laboratory will not be able to contribute the planned additional funding from the resultant energy and maintenance savings, toward increasing GPP funding aimed at reducing deferred maintenance. Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DMR* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 EFD (overhead) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IGPP 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 GPP 0.4 0.3 5.0 9.0 15.0 16.0 14.0 0 0 0 0 Line Items 9.4 7.3 12.2 16.4 24.0 25.2 23.4 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.2 Total Investment 384 392 400 408 416 424 492 501 511 522 Estimated RPV 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4 8.7 7.8 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 Estimated DM 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Site-Wide ACI * Focused DMR program funded from overhead to help reduce DM to acceptable levels based on the ACI 2023 8.1 0 0 0 2.3 0 10.4 532 6.6 0.99 The following chart shows how the planned investments listed in the table will positively affect the sitewide Asset Condition Index over the eleven years timeline. Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 30.0 1.000 0.990 25.0 0.980 0.970 20.0 0.960 15.0 0.950 0.940 10.0 0.930 0.920 5.0 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 194 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Facilities and Core Time Key Buildings/ Key Core Capability Infrastructure Capability Capability Frame Facilities Objectives Gap ITER/Burning plasmas. Obsolete Lab Space, No Collaborations: DIII-D, CHigh Bay Space To support C22 -LAB BLDG, C23-C Mod, Jet, MAST, EAST, Now X small experiments, SITE THEORY, C01-LSB KSTAR, LHD, W7X. Overhead Crane needed for Prototype ITER remote assembly and disassembly control room Theory and Modeling: Fusion Simulation Project, computation and In 5 C22 -LAB BLDG, C23-C simulation projects. X Years SITE THEORY, C01-LSB Strategic Planning for Plasma and Fusion Initiatives: Next Fusion Energy Step Options / potential Sciences next generation machines C21-C SITE L WING, C22 -LAB BLDG, C32-C SITE SHOP, C40-C SITE RF, Plasma Science and C41-C SITE CS BLDG, Technology; Basic Plasma C42-C SITE COB, C50Science liquid walls, In 10 X ESAT, C51-C SITE MG, magnetic configurations, Years C90-RESA, C91-CAS, basic plasma physics, D72-MG, P1-OFF SITE astrophysics, high energy C21-C SITE L -WING, density plasma C22 -LAB BLDG, C40-C SITE RF C21-C SITE L WING, C22 Obsolete Electrical Utilities Toroidal Confinement -LAB BLDG, C32-C SITE are no longer supported by Now X Experiments, NSTX, SHOP manufacturers and spare NSTX upgrades C40-C SITE RF, C41-C parts are not available. SITE CS BLDG, C42-C In 5 X SITE COB Years Large Scale C50-ESAT, C51-C SITE User Facilities / MG, C52-PLT PWR BLDG Advanced C60-CSITE COOLING Instrumentation TWR C90-RESA, C91-CAS, In 10 X D34-LEC Years D42-EXP.AREA, D-70D Site Pump House (total), D72-MG P1-OFF SITE N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable Mission Ready N M P C FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Action Plan Laboratory DOE SLI funding GPP Funding ARRA Project Funding 195 Support Facilities and Infrastructure Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Work Environment Post Office Offices Cafeteria Recreational/Fitness Child Care User Accommodations Visitor Housing Visitor Center Site Services Library Medical Examination & Testing Maintenance & Fabrication Fire Station Storage Conference and Collaboration Space Auditorium/Theater Conference Rooms Collaboration Space Utilities Communications Electrical Steam Flood Control Road & Grounds Parking (surfaces and structures) Roads & Sidewalks Grounds N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Laboratory DOE X X X X N/A N/A N/A X X X X X X X X X X X Water Petroleum/Oil Gases Waste/Sewage Treatment Storm Water Chilled Water Action Plan Facility and Infrastructure Gap Equipment is near its end of life and no longer supported by manufacturer. Assigned to the sites GPP list and work scheduled using ARRA funds. Underground Lines at end of life and require replacement. Assigned to GPP List Additional requirements / upgrades addressed by SLI project - will upgrade Critical Utility Infrastructure (begin in FY17; completed FY19) X X X X X X X X X X X 196 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 197 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory’s cutting-edge technologies allow researchers to acquire scientific insights pertinent to national and international challenges within the Department of Energy (DOE) mission. Location: Menlo Park, California Type: Multi-program laboratory Contractor: Stanford University Responsible Site Office: SLAC Site Office Website: www.slac.stanford.edu Founded in 1962 with a two-mile linear accelerator used for revolutionary high-energy physics experiments, SLAC has evolved into a multi-program laboratory and a leader in selected areas of materials, chemical and energy science, structural biology, and particle physics and astrophysics. SLAC’s mission is three-fold: to be an internationally leading photon science laboratory; to maintain its position as one of the world’s premier accelerator laboratories; and to excel in strategic particle physics and particle astrophysics programs. Physical Assets: • 426 acres; 151 buildings and 39 trailers • 1.653M sf in buildings • Replacement Plant Value: $1,236 million • 2,772 sf in 2 Excess Facilities • 0 sf in Leased Facilities More than 3,400 researchers from around the world use SLAC’s facilities each year. The Laboratory operates two leading X-ray scientific facilities—the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)—as well as the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET), a unique research and development (R&D) facility for advanced accelerator concepts, which opened for research in 2012. SLAC also runs the Instrument Science and Operations Center for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), a joint DOE-NASA mission that launched in 2008. The LCLS, which began operations in 2009, has redefined the frontiers of X-ray science with its ultrashort, ultrabright laser pulses of hard X-rays, and with the recent demonstration of hard X-ray selfseeding. Breakthrough scientific results achieved at the LCLS have garnered worldwide attention and work has begun on an upgrade, LCLS-II, which will triple the number of experiments run each year and provide an expanded range of X-ray wavelengths. The LCLSII is slated for completion in 2019. SLAC is operated by Stanford University (Stanford) for DOE’s Office of Science (SC). To date, six scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for work carried out at SLAC. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Human Capital: • 1,684 FTEs • 22 Joint faculty • 90 Postdoctoral researchers • 0 Undergraduate and 124 Graduate students • 3,411 Facility users • 31 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M): Other DOE, $0.1 EM, $1.0 Other SC, $35.0 HEP, $93.0 WFO, $9.0 BER, $5.0 BES, $219.0 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $352.4 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $354.2 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS) Costs: $8.8 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 2.4% DHS Costs: $0 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $9.5 million 198 Core Capabilities SLAC’s five Core Capabilities are: 1) Accelerator Science and Technology, 2) Large-Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation, 3) Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, 4) Chemical and Molecular Science, and 5) Particle Physics. 1. Accelerator Science and Technology. Accelerator science and technology are vital to the operations and future development of light source and particle physics facilities serving the research missions of the DOE-SC and SLAC over the coming decades. SLAC has the intellectual capital in accelerator physics and engineering, research instrumentation, accelerator test facilities, and physical infrastructure to enable breakthrough R&D in accelerator science and technology in support of forefront light source development and to explore compact acceleration schemes of the future. With the LCLS, SLAC has the most advanced operational hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (X-ray FEL) in the world today, and the associated R&D impacts how other U.S. and international projects are being designed, constructed and operated. In addition, SLAC delivers new technology for compact and high-gradient accelerators, which are both relevant for SLAC’s increasing Work for Others (WFO) activities. SLAC leads the development of advanced acceleration techniques employing Direct Laser Acceleration (DLA) in dielectric structures and electron-driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration (PWFA), collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in PWFA and Berkeley’s Laser Plasma Acceleration program. These efforts, coupled with laser development, will open the field for a new generation of accelerators in the future. With the operation of FACET, SLAC supports not only newgeneration accelerator developments, but also a wide range of experiments in materials science, terahertz generation, and general accelerator R&D. FACET-II, its proposed follow-on facility, would build on and further grow the wide range of high-energy electron beam applications that are unique at SLAC. SLAC applies these capabilities to optimize exploitation of existing facilities in the near term, develop the next generation of accelerators in the mid term, and conduct long-term frontier research on the next generation of acceleration techniques. LCLS-II, which has a projected completion date of 2019, will enable an increase in both capability and capacity by approximately 300% for a broadly based X-ray FEL-based program for SLAC and for the nation. SLAC will also make its technology and infrastructure more available to outside customers, as reflected in the increased WFO program (see Section 5.0). This includes providing an essential service to DOE-SC by using SLAC’s unique capabilities in designing and industrializing high-power radio frequency (RF) sources and associated systems. Based on SLAC’s three mission objectives introduced in Section 1.0, the SLAC Accelerator Directorate (AD) has defined and is pursuing the following strategic R&D objectives: • • • • • • Maintain the world-leading X-ray FEL program through innovation and new concepts as well as costefficient implementation of upgrades to sustain world leadership in the face of growing competition. Maintain world leadership in linear accelerator design, with a unique technology base for high-power RF systems, high-gradient structures, and normal-conducting RF linacs. Applications include highperformance X-ray FEL drivers and compact and high-brightness accelerators for various discovery science, medical,industrial, and homeland security applications. Be the world leader in advanced storage ring design for light sources, High Energy Physics (HEP), and other applications. Be the world leader in advanced accelerator R&D with a goal of recapturing the energy frontier. Support the accelerator-based program at SLAC and contribute to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future initiatives. Maintain a renowned accelerator education program in conjunction with Stanford, training future leaders in the field. Taken together, these elements will strengthen SLAC’s leadership position as one of the world’s premier accelerator laboratories, enabling its science mission objectives in photon science, particle physics, and astrophysics. Funding for this core capability comes from Basic Energy Sciences (BES) and HEP, with support from WFO customers and internal Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) investments. The core capability supports the DOE-SC mission in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 10, 21, 24, 25, 26). FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 199 2. Large-Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation. SLAC has the intellectual capital, infrastructure and experience to conceive, design, construct, maintain, and effectively operate large-scale scientific user facilities, delivering discoveries relevant to DOE-SC and SLAC missions. SLAC has also developed the tools and means to support large international scientific user communities and collaborations, and operates three DOE-SC user facilities—LCLS, SSRL, and FACET—as well as FGST. SLAC currently hosts two major DOE BES scientific user facilities: LCLS and SSRL. The LCLS user program started in October 2009, and all six experimental stations are now in full user operation. LCLS is continuing to serve users with 95% beam uptime, and more than 50% of the users rate their LCLS scientific experience as “excellent.” To date, LCLS has received 888 proposals for beam time and on average only about 25% of the proposals have been scheduled for beam time. In 2012, more than 600 unique users participated in LCLS experiments. The scientific productivity of LCLS has continued to increase steeply, with 65 publications in FY2012. Remarkably, more than 50% of the publications were in high-impact journals. Through an aggressive R&D program, LCLS is continuing to provide users with new capabilities such as seeded X-ray beams, laser/X-ray timing down to 10 fs (femtoseconds) and beam splitting between two simultaneously operating instruments. LCLS is producing breakthrough science in many disciplines and its strategic plan is designed to keep it at the international forefront for years to come. SSRL provides synchrotron X-rays from its third-generation Stanford Positron Electron Accelerating Ring (SPEAR3) storage ring and associated beamlines and instrumentation, serving the research needs of more than 1,500 users annually across many areas of science, engineering, and technology. Upgrades continue to enhance the performance of SPEAR3; high-current (500 mA) operation with top-off injections every five minutes is now the standard operating mode, along with the ability to run in the low-α mode allowing for picosecond time-resolved experiments. Ongoing R&D programs are aimed at further reducing the SPEAR3 emittance to 5 nm-rad, keeping SPEAR3 competitive with other third-generation sources. Near-term beamline construction projects will provide advanced spectroscopy capabilities to address energy research, as well as a calibration beamline to support DOE mission needs. The high-average-brightness X-ray beams from SPEAR3 complement the extreme-peak-brightness femtosecond X-ray pulses from LCLS. Research at SSRL supports DOE-SC and SLAC mission research, including materials science, catalysis, alternative energy, structure determination of biological molecular machines, and Biopharma drug-discovery programs. In addition, SSRL’s capabilities in chemical speciation and spectromicroscopy focus on understanding the nature of contaminants and waste streams, informing and accelerating remediation programs at DOE-SC national laboratories and in industry. Associated with LCLS and SSRL are coordinated R&D programs focused on new methodologies and instrumentation and their scientific applications, to maximize the impact of the light sources on innovation and scientific discovery. The different X-ray properties of beams from LCLS and SPEAR3 allow the design of complementary types of experiments; for example, LCLS accesses the structural dynamics of individual atoms with femtosecond time resolution, while SSRL is suited for studying motions of large assemblies in the microsecond domain or materials processes at the picosecond time scale. SSRL also offers an R&D test bed for new instrumentation and techniques prior to deployment on LCLS, thus allowing more optimal use of limited LCLS beam time. Deployment of these new technologies, and the capability of supporting the outside user communities in their applications, is a key element of the successful operation of SLAC’s scientific user facilities. The R&D programs also provide for a vital engagement of scientific staff with forefront research problems that strongly couple to SLAC’s research programs. Education and training are also integral elements of the LCLS and SSRL programs, with extensive use by graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. Training workshops and summer schools are tailored to bring in young scientists from new scientific areas. In addition, SLAC operates FACET as an HEP accelerator science user facility. FACET uses the first twothirds of the SLAC linac to generate a very intense bunch of electrons or positrons, which can then be used for a variety of science experiments ranging from plasma wakefield acceleration to probing ultrafast magnetic domain switching times or studies of intense terahertz and channeling radiation. The FACET facility was commissioned in FY2011, and 11 proposals were accepted for the first user run that began in April 2012. Results from FACET are expected to advance SLAC’s and the nation’s core capabilities in accelerator science and technology. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 200 In the Particle Physics and Astrophysics (PPA) area, SLAC has significant capability for constructing and operating major facilities. An example is the design, development, construction, and operation of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) that was launched in June 2008 on the FGST, a major space observatory that is revolutionizing the understanding of high-energy processes in the universe. The experience gained from these programs is being applied to future facilities that will be located offsite: the wide-field Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) in northern Chile; upgrades to the A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) detector at the LHC; a next-generation experiment for direct detection of relic dark matter; and possible involvement in a future neutrino program with the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. SLAC is playing a lead role in designing and developing specific elements of these large international projects. In support of its large-scale facilities and science programs, SLAC has developed and maintains a number of capabilities in advanced instrumentation and computational tools driven by the needs of existing and future experiments. These capabilities include system design for state-of-the-art, high-bandwidth data acquisition systems, from detector front-ends to data storage and distributed access; advanced instrumentation and diagnostics for characterization and control of micron-scale photon beams; and highly automated, roboticenabled, computer-based instrument control and remote access. Applications include highly integrated X-ray beamlines and instrumentation for photon science experiments enabled by advanced robotics for sample handling, as well as computational resources for automated and optimized data acquisition strategies, data collection, and data analysis. SLAC has significant expertise and capability in managing very large sets of experimental data, and is actively developing strategies for data acquisition and management for LCLS and for future opportunities with LSST and ATLAS. BES and HEP are the major sources of funding for this core capability at SLAC. Other sources include Basic Energy Research (BER) and WFO from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). SLAC’s efforts support the SC mission in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 2, 10, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26). 3. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science. The SLAC Materials Science (MS) Division is engaged in multidisciplinary research activities in selected areas of materials science, including correlated and superconducting materials, diamondoids, bio-inspired materials, topological insulators, and atomically engineered heterostructures. The research is relevant to BES mission needs and selected Grand Challenge basic energy science questions in condensed matter, materials physics, and nanomaterials science. The mission need consists of the development of future energy technologies, including methods for storing and transmitting electrical energy, improving the efficiency of energy conversion processes, and producing energy in ways that minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Research programs both use and help drive the development of forefront techniques and methodologies at LCLS and SSRL. They push the state of the art in tools for the study and characterization of the electronic and structural properties of new materials on the nanoscale, at increasingly high levels of energy and spatial and time resolution. LCLS’s unique experimental opportunities allow development of a strong leadership position in the field of ultrafast materials science, where processes such as ultrafast charge and spin dynamics become accessible for direct study. Two specific themes of near-term focus are ultrafast materials science using LCLS and advanced spectroscopy, nanobeams, and high-throughput in situ and in operando characterization using SSRL. Research within the MS Division is coordinated under a joint institute between SLAC and Stanford called the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES), and supports the BES mission. SIMES provides a link between SLAC and Stanford in which the basic science aligns with and informs initiatives at Stanford that focus on energy technology and policy in sustainable energy, such as the Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) and the Precourt Institute for Energy (PIE). SIMES is also involved in collaborations with larger consortia focused on the DOE-SC mission and Grand Challenges, including the BES Energy Frontier Research Centers, the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (Battery Hub), and the Bay Area Photovoltaics (PV) Consortium. Further, SIMES engages in outreach activities for energy science education and training, helping to develop the next generation of talent. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 201 Funding for this core capability comes from BES, with support from other DOE offices such as the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) and internal LDRD investments, and serves the SC mission in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 7, 8, 9). 4. Chemical and Molecular Science. With funding from BES, the SLAC Chemical Sciences Division is engaged in multidisciplinary research activities in selected areas of chemical and molecular science that involve the interface between ultrafast physics, chemistry, materials, theory and simulations, and x-ray science. R&D in the CS Division develops capabilities for advancing science, especially using the LCLS, and for carrying out catalytic-related energy science. In one thrust area that is unified by ultrafast science, research programs focus on attosecond atomic and molecular experiments and theory; femtosecond atomic-scale imaging of physical, chemical, and biological processes using ultrafast x-rays, strong-field laser-matter interactions, and materials science; and ultrafast magnetic phenomena. A strong theory program in excited-state dynamics complements the experimental studies. Areas of exploration include understanding how nature uses femtosecond time scales to convert energy from light into other useful forms of energy, and understanding chemical catalysis by directly using ultrafast and short- wavelength coherent radiation to probe the ultrafast processes that initiate and control these phenomena. A second thrust area in the CS Division addresses the fundamental challenges associated with the atomicscale design of catalysts of broad interest in energy conversion and storage and chemical production. The goal is to combine experimental and theoretical methods to understand the electronic and structural factors determining the catalytic properties of solid surfaces, and to use this insight to design new catalysts. The research focus is on catalysts that are important in energy transformation and storage – for instance, those involved in transforming syngas made from biomass or other feedstocks into fuels, or carrying out electrode processes in new types of batteries. Electronic structure methods and kinetic models are being developed to treat reactions on the surfaces of solids and nanoparticles, with an emphasis on developing general concepts for understanding surface chemical reactivity. The research links closely to experimental activities at SSRL and LCLS. Ultrafast science has synergies more broadly in the Photon Science Directorate (study of ultrafast processes in catalytic reactions and of dynamic behavior of materials in the MS Division) and across directorates (using SSRL and LCLS for studies in complementary time domains from milliseconds down to femtoseconds). Research within the CS Division is organized within the framework of two multidisciplinary units: the Ultrafast Chemical Sciences program and the SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis (SUNCAT). The research aligns with and supports the BES mission objectives. This core capability supports the SC mission in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 7, 8, 9). 5. Particle Physics. SLAC has a significant scientific and technical workforce focused on using a unique combination of ground- and space-based experiments to explore the frontiers of particle physics and cosmology. The ATLAS experiment at the LHC is exploring the energy frontier at teraelectron volt (TeV) mass scales and beyond, with prospects for elucidating the properties of the Higgs boson, and discovering supersymmetry and its possible dark matter candidate, the neutralino; new spatial dimensions suggested by quantum gravity theories; or even mini black holes, as constituents of a new understanding of the universe. SLAC plays a significant role in pixel systems, simulations, and operations of ATLAS as well as in upgrade R&D for the next phase of LHC operations. SLAC is also a leading contributor to detector R&D for future energy frontier lepton colliders, and participates in plans for upgrades to ATLAS for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. The LSST is designed to probe the properties of dark energy with high precision, enabling a better understanding of this dominant component of the universe. SLAC is the lead DOE laboratory for constructing the LSST’s 3.2 gigapixel camera, expected to be the world’s largest digital camera with five times the number of pixels as the recently completed Dark Energy Camera built for the Dark Energy Survey project. The LSST will survey the entire visible sky every week, creating an unprecedented public archive of data – about 6 million gigabytes per year, the equivalent of shooting roughly 800,000 images with a regular 8-megapixel digital camera every night, but of much higher quality and scientific value. The FGST has embarked on a FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 202 decade-long program of space-based gamma-ray observations, which will transform our understanding of the high-energy universe and allow searches for dark matter. SLAC was the lead laboratory for construction and integration of the LAT and now supports instrument operations. The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) will allow direct searches for relic dark matter candidates at unprecedented levels of sensitivity. SLAC is pursuing R&D to optimize the design and production of large germanium sensors for the nextgeneration version of CDMS. The now-operational Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is continuing the search for evidence of whether or not the neutrino is its own antiparticle, in order to gain insight into the mass scale for the ephemeral neutrino content of the universe. In support of these efforts, SLAC has developed capabilities in detector systems design, end-to-end electronic systems design and implementation, state-of-the-art systems design for data acquisition and controls, largescale data management, and specialized capabilities for space and low-background applications. Since its inception in 2002, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), jointly hosted by SLAC and Stanford’s Physics Department, has become a world-leading center for particle astrophysics and cosmology. It plays a unique role in the present and future core program in experimental and theoretical particle astrophysics by bringing together expertise across the many relevant disciplines. Also supporting SLAC’s core experimental capabilities is a particle physics theory effort pursuing a broad spectrum of forefront theoretical research across all areas of fundamental physics, from inflationary cosmology to computational Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) to string theory. The SLAC theory effort plays a major role in developing and promoting the future directions of particle physics, such as the energy frontier physics enabled by the LHC and a possible future linear collider. The combination of expertise in the SLAC and KIPAC theory groups with that of the theory groups in the Stanford Physics Department and Institute for Theoretical Physics has made the SLAC-Stanford community a leading international center of theoretical physics. Funding for this core capability comes from HEP, as well as WFO (NSF and NASA) and internal LDRD investments. SLAC’s efforts serve the SC mission in scientific discovery and innovation (SC 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29). Science Strategy for the Future SLAC has three objectives that will define and distinguish the Laboratory in the decade to come: • • • To be the premier photon science laboratory. To be the premier electron accelerator laboratory. To pursue strategic programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics and cosmology. These objectives build on SLAC’s core capabilities, described in Section 3.0, and are supported by its future/major initiatives in light sources, accelerator R&D, particle astrophysics, and materials and chemical science. The future of SLAC builds strongly upon the LCLS and the opening of a new frontier of dynamics at the atomic scale. SLAC is beginning to capitalize on the initial suite of operational instruments on LCLS and to fully engage the growing user community, enabling them to perform discovery-class, breakthrough science. Because of LCLS’s rapid turn-on and the excellent early performance of the X-ray laser, a major upgrade (LCLS-II) is already underway to increase capability and capacity. However, delivery of outstanding facilities to users is not sufficient for SLAC to achieve its objective as a leading photon science laboratory. SLAC must also drive the science, and so the initiative on energy science and the initiative on particle astrophysics and cosmology are both part of a broader program to grow SLAC’s portfolio. Key to the future of SLAC is accelerator research that drives SLAC’s ability to develop, design, build, operate, and utilize large-scale accelerator-based facilities. SLAC accelerator research focuses on advancing operating facilities around the world, as well as contributing to the next generations of HEP and BES accelerators. The accelerator R&D initiative supports all of SLAC’s major laboratory-wide objectives and goes beyond, using an increased WFO strategy (see Section 5.0) to maintain and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 203 eventually further develop SLAC’s high-tech infrastructure. Close collaboration with other funding agencies and with industry will enable an increased dissemination of SLAC-developed technology, and provide a motivation to develop advanced technology. SLAC’s goal is to evolve new initiatives in biosciences and matter under extreme conditions, under the stewardship of the Photon Sciences Directorate. The biosciences initiative will exploit unique features of the LCLS, be relevant to the BER mission involving bioenergy, and align with the BER genome science program. The matter under extreme conditions initiative will provide detailed measurements of such states, and will align with the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science (FES). SLAC anticipates that these may become future/major initiatives for the Laboratory. Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. SLAC’s 426-acre campus is located in Silicon Valley, 30 miles southeast of San Francisco, California, on the Stanford University campus. The SLAC campus is divided into publicly accessible and restricted access areas. The two-mile linear accelerator has been operational since 1966. The power to SLAC is provided by a DOE-owned 230 kV tap line that runs from the public utility 230 kV circuit to the SLAC Master Substation, a distance of about 7.5 miles. Other major utility systems include domestic water, sewer, storm drain, electricity, gas, and chilled and hot water. Many of SLAC’s conventional facilities and infrastructures are operating past their expected life, creating an increasing challenge to maintain with a flat budget. Table 2 shows key infrastructure data for SLAC’s DOE-SC facilities. The current site master plan entitled SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Long Range Development Plan is located at: https://www-internal.slac.stanford.edu/do/longrangeplan/slac%20plan%20final.pdf. Table 1: SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg., Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSFs) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Total Leased Acreage Site-Wide ACI(B, S, T) Mission Critical Mission Dependent Not Mission Dependent Office Warehouse Asset Utilization Laboratory Index (B,T)2,3 Hospital Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers Asset Condition Index (B, S, T)1 $991,918,089 $243,895,247 $1,235,813,337 $23,947,688 0.00 0.977 0.986 0.953 1 0.965 0.999 0.976 0 0 #Building Assets 58 93 0 19 35 44 0 0 #Trailer Assets 1 37 1 27 2 5 0 0 #OSF Assets 36 29 0 GSF (Bldg) 1,001,506 611,357 0 342,713 159,551 723,446 0 0 GSF (Trailer) 320 39,683 305 31,611 1,735 4,242 0 0 1Criteria includes DOE-Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSFs (excludes series 3000 OSFs) 2Criteria includes DOE-Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 204 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. SLAC categorizes its mission-critical infrastructure into three major areas: power systems, process systems, and general infrastructure (seismic and fire protection). They require a large amount of maintenance and many systems are at or past their expected useful life. Revitalization of these systems is critical to maintain the high reliability for the international users of SLAC programmatic facilities. SLAC’s Facilities Division works closely with the scientific programs to assess current and future needs and identify gaps in the current capabilities. A summary of these needs and gaps is listed in the tables below. In order to extend the operations of the aging critical infrastructure, the maintenance budget is used to assess current functionality and institute reliability-centered maintenance plans, including predictive and preventive maintenance. In many cases, projects are needed to reduce deferred maintenance. When funding is available, projects are initiated per a prioritized project list that is approved by SLAC’s Executive Council. Strategic Site Investments. Attachment 2, Laboratory Site Map, provides graphical information about SLAC’s infrastructure, mission readiness, and facility funding sources. Projects with Funding • FACET. The FACET program is located between Sectors 1 and 20 of the Klystron Gallery. Minor infrastructure construction is required in Sectors 19 and 20 and some utility modifications are required throughout the Klystron Gallery. Revitalization of support infrastructure in the accelerator is also required to support FACET as shown in Table 3. Funding is through the Accelerator Improvement Project (AIP) and programmatic General Plant Projects (GPP) - HEP. • SLAC Site Security Systems. SLAC is continuing implementation of the site security improvements, including automation of Alpine Gate, allowing for 24/7 employee access to the site from Alpine Road. Card-key access control has also been implemented for critical locations such as the main computer server rooms, certain laboratories, and storage locations of security sensitive equipment. SLAC’s two interior gates will be automated in FY2013, allowing 24/7 access with proper credentials. The long-term site security vision includes further opening up the campus to expand the General Access Area around PEP Ring Road. Lastly, SLAC has begun to fit card-key access control on all new construction. This allows automation to secure buildings and improves security and forensics. This has been completed for new construction such as Buildings 28 and 52 and the Arrillaga Recreation Center. • LCLS-II. The LCLS-II conventional facilities design uses existing infrastructure and recent construction at SLAC, but will need new facilities and infrastructure to be constructed. The injector tunnel at Sector 10 will require some modifications to bring it to current safety standards and to accommodate the specific requirements of the LCLS-II Injector. The magnets and vacuum chambers for the two pulse compressors will need distribution systems for power and water. A new beam transport segment will require modifications to existing facilities, including an extension of the recently completed Beam Transport Hall head house to the beginning of a new Undulator Hall tunnel. This tunnel will traverse under an existing hill and terminate at a new experimental hall. An Electron Beam Dump and Front End Enclosure will be constructed between the end of the undulator magnet devices and the new experimental hall. The experimental (lowest) floor of the experimental hall will provide sufficient space for up to four experiments and the associated control cabins. Electrical/mechanical areas and user space will be located on a second floor above the experimental floor. An auxiliary utility plant is necessary to augment the existing LCLS-I Central Utility Plant. Funding is through BES. • LSST. SLAC will assemble and test key components of the LSST in Building 033 (clean room). This requires modifications to the existing floor plan to upgrade the clean room, and a ceiling adjustment to accommodate the LSST camera assembly fixture. The clean room upgrade requires significant modifications to the existing HVAC, electrical, and fire alarm systems. Provisions are also being made to provide clean room capabilities for instrumentation development by the PPA instrumentation group. Funding is through HEP. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 205 Projects with Funding to be Proposed • Scientific User Facilities. Buildings 100, 120 and 131 will require modernization of SSRL user facilities. New alcoves will be needed for future experiments. Funding is proposed through BES. • Power Distribution to Mission Critical Equipment. In order to maximize availability and reliability of critical LCLS support systems and infrastructure, the aging K Substations and downstream power distribution equipment and underrated electrical equipment in the Klystron Gallery require upgrade or replacement. Related, SLAC plans to upgrade the protective relay system in the Master Substation. Funding is proposed to be through IGPP. Investments Funded or Proposed to be Funded by SLI. Building upon nearly 50 years of successful research in high-energy physics and basic energy sciences, SLAC is expanding the frontier of ultrafast nanoscience with the LCLS and new areas of energy-related basic science. To ensure that the research conducted by SLAC scientific staff and users is supported by modern, mission-ready facilities, SLAC is upgrading its central campus infrastructure and proposing future upgrades. These new facilities are consistent with SLAC’s Long Range Development Plan and support the Laboratory’s scientific research by interconnecting multi-program research, improving visitor facilities, and upgrading general-purpose infrastructure to support the mission. • Research Support Building (RSB) and Infrastructure Modernization Initiative As part of the Science Laboratories Infrastructure (SLI) Modernization proposal, the RSB and Infrastructure Modernization project achieved the CD-2/3A milestone in December 2010. This project will construct approximately 64,000 square feet of modern office space to house accelerator science and technology staff currently dispersed throughout the site in aging trailers and other decentralized, inefficient locations. The RSB will meet LEED® Gold certification and the guiding principles in Executive Order 13423 for high performance and sustainable buildings. This project will also construct approximately 12,000 square feet of modern general laboratory and office space to address SLAC’s very near-term need for research laboratory space. This project also modernizes office space (64,000 square feet) in two major buildings; Building 28 (Operations Support Building), completed in 2012, and Building 41 (Administration and Engineering). The modernization will bring the buildings into compliance with current building codes and the American Disabilities Act. • Science and User Support Building (SUSB) With the success of the LCLS, SLAC is experiencing a major influx of visitors and users to its campus. SLAC expects this trend to continue with LCLS-II offering a broader capability for experiments and multiplexed beamlines. The proposed SUSB, located on a hilltop at the entrance to the Laboratory, will be the first stop for all visitors and users. This structure will bring together many of the Laboratory's visitor, user, and administrative services, building on the “One Lab” concept to enhance productivity and collaboration. This building will also serve as the major architectural icon of the SLAC campus, synonymous with the Laboratory's cutting-edge discoveries and exceptional user research program. The SUSB will: o o o o o Bring researchers, users, and visitors from across the Laboratory together in one facility. House a centrally located administration hub to concentrate SLAC support personnel for all SLAC scientific users. Offer members of the public the chance to experience SLAC science in a progressive visitor's center. Offer a fitting location for presentations of SLAC research in a state-of-the-art auditorium and conference spaces. Be a High Performance Sustainable Building (HPSB) that is a national showcase for energy efficiency through sustainable high-performance design. The four-story, 58,000–72,000 square foot SUSB has an estimated total project cost of $65M. It will replace the aging structures that currently house the Panofsky Auditorium and the cafeteria, both built in 1962—the same year SLAC was founded. The SUSB achieved its CD-0 milestone in September 2010 and its CD-1 milestone in May 2012. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 206 • Future Initiative – Photon Sciences Laboratory Building (PSLB) Growth in SLAC's photon science research program is outpacing its existing laboratory space. In alignment with BER and BES mission objectives, as well as potential future stakeholders including FES and Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), the PSLB is proposed with the following scientific goals: o o o o Create a hub of discovery and innovation with a focus on energy conversion and storage, heterogeneous catalysis, and photo-electrochemical processes. House an innovative research cluster built around theory, modeling, and simulation, and co-locate preeminent theorists in condensed matter, chemical and excited state dynamics, and chemical and interfacial science. House contemporary laboratory facilities for the synthesis of new materials and characterization tools. Complement and leverage investments by Stanford in energy and sustainability facilities and programs including the PIE/GCEP, nanoscience and nanotechnology (including a DOE Energy Frontier Research Center), and other “use-inspired” research. The three-story, 55,000-square-foot PSLB is estimated at $55M and will be located between the new SUSB and SLAC's existing Central Lab Building (Building 40), which houses the current PULSE/SIMES research centers. After the new building is complete, the Central Lab Building will provide additional office space. PSLB achieved its CD-0 milestone in May 2011. Preliminary planning for the PSLB calls for FY2015 funds to develop the conceptual design to meet the CD-1 milestone. • Facilities Renewal Plan In an effort to effectively plan for future needs, SLAC’s Facilities Division is developing a set of laboratory facility and infrastructure plans to define the campus infrastructure standards, existing conditions of each infrastructure system, future demands, and implementation priorities based on risk and available funding for the physical infrastructure elements. This will include individual plans and integrates various systems, such as utility systems (storm water, sanitary sewer, electrical, underground utilities, domestic water, etc.), circulation systems (roads, pedestrian paths and emergency routes), security systems, parking lots, and outdoor elements such as signs, furniture, and lighting. In cooperation with the Facilities Division, SLAC’s Accelerator Directorate assessed the aging accelerator infrastructure and will coordinate with other directorates to prioritize the necessary replacements in the next five to 10 years that would allow the accelerator to operate for another 25 years. These plans tie into SLAC’s Long Range Development Plan to develop the facilities renewal plan, which is an integral element of the mission readiness model and forms the basis for consideration of deferred maintenance (DM) reduction when prioritizing infrastructure investments. This plan guides the strategy for future facilities capital renewal and infrastructure upgrades. The goal is to ensure mission readiness, reduce the current DM, and minimize future DM. • Excess Facility Needs The BaBar Disassembly and Disposal (D&D) program, which began in FY2009 and has a scope of work spanning four and a half years, consists of five parts: program management; engineering and tooling refurbishment; peripherals disassembly; core detector disassembly; and subsystem disassembly. Some items of the detectors can potentially be reused, such as the ElectroMagnetic Current (EMC) barrel, Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) bars, and superconducting solenoid. The DIRC bars have been requested for experiments at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory. Final disposition of the EMC barrel and the solenoid have not been settled. Some of the detector items are located in accelerator housing, subjecting them to beamline radiation. Therefore, these materials may be subject to the DOE Metals Suspension Directive. SLAC will catalog these materials and survey them for activation, and either store them for potential future use or dispose of them in accordance with recently approved protocols discussed below. The funding stream from HEP will end at the close of FY2013. Funds from materials salvage will be used to continue disposing of materials. DOE-SC conducted a review of SLAC's property and material clearance processes in December 2009, and reviewed the status of excess concrete shield blocks in the Boneyard and metals from the PEP-II FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 207 accelerator and PEP-II detector. DOE-SC found that SLAC complies with the applicable occupational, public, and environmental radiation protection regulations, and DOE Orders and Secretarial mandates. In accordance with commitments made in SLAC’s letter to the DOE dated September 30, 2010 (regarding the Multi-year Strategy for Disposition of Concrete Shield Blocks and BaBar Detector and PEP-II Metals), protocols have been developed and 367 large blocks have been moved offsite. Funding is through Laboratory indirect when available. SLAC continues to lead the DOE-SC laboratory complex with this approach and is providing support to DOE for an associated standard based on the intellectual work at SLAC. From 2009 through 2013, HEP has provided the funding for SLAC to disassemble and dispose of the PEP-II accelerator. Some of the accelerator items were located in accelerator housing subjecting them to beamline radiation, and therefore these materials were subject to the DOE Metals Suspension Directive. Starting in 2011, SLAC completed its uniquely developed procedure using Process Knowledge to allow recycling of suspended materials. DOE and the SLAC Site Office concurred with this procedure. From September 2011 through March 2013, the PEP D&D project has recycled 450 tons of metal materials. HEP has decided to suspend PEP D&D efforts at the end of FY2013. Trends and Metrics. SLAC’s site-wide Asset Condition Index (ACI) shows a decrease over the reporting period. The funded maintenance efforts focus on ensuring the short-term reliability of mission-critical facilities; many aging utility and support systems need significant revitalization. Traditional funding mechanisms for projects that reduce deferred maintenance are not sufficient to make meaningful improvements in ACI. As outlined in SLAC’s growth strategy, a portion of the indirect recovery increase generated by expected growth will be allocated to infrastructure improvements. Conventional facilities maintained site systems to support a 96% beam up-time. However, there was minimal funding in FY2013 for conventional facility revitalization projects that would reduce deferred maintenance. The next three years are projected to be similarly funded. The available funds will be focused on mission-critical facilities to maintain mission readiness. Without significant investments, the risks of system failures that may cause a significant impact to science will continue to increase as more facilities come online using the same aging framework of utilities. Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments (BA in $M) – Sample Impact to Asset Condition Index 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 14.2 11.6 11.8 11.9 12.3 15.1 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 DMR* - - - - - - - - - - - - EFD (overhead) - - 0 .1 1.5 2.9 - - - - - - - 5.5 4.3 4.3 3.7 6.8 9.1 9.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Maintenance IGPP 7.2 4.3 4.0 1.2 1.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Line Items 49.5 104.5 146.7 197.8 154.4 46.3 10.0 - - - - - Total Investment 76.3 124.7 166.8 216.1 177.3 73.0 36.3 22.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 Estimated RPV 1318 1373 1436 1606 1670 1737 1853 1927 2004 2085 2168 Estimated DM 29.7 46.1 62.5 71.3 83.7 86.9 89.5 92.1 94.9 97.8 100.7 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 GPP Site-Wide ACI 0.98 1This line is for those sites that have a focused Deferred Maintenance Reduction program (DMR) to help reduce DM to acceptable levels based on the Asset Condition Index (e.g. 0.975 for Mission Critical facilities). This line does not include DMR resulting from line items, GPP, IGPP, excess facility disposition or normal maintenance. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 208 Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 250.0 1.000 0.990 200.0 0.980 0.970 150.0 0.960 0.950 100.0 0.940 0.930 50.0 0.920 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 209 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready Current N M P C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives FACET X B002 LCLS FACET X B002 X B002 LCLS FACET LCLS X Accelerator Science and Technology Now B002 Laboratory To be funded by Office of Science. Replace old and obsolete electrical equipment with new equipment in critical areas in Klystron Gallery. To be funded by GPP. Seismic upgrades of the roof structure, racks anchorage and other experimental equipment. To be funded by BES. Equipment fails to operate on a regular basis. Lack of parts for medium voltage switches, and low voltage panel boards. They have a very high probability of failure. To be funded by Office of Science. Injector Building requires seismic upgrade. B002 LCLS and FACET Replace Variable Voltage Substations (VVS) and KSubstations (S0 to 30) with new technology and configuration. B002 S1020 LCLS-II AC Power availability for new power supply racks, panel boards, instrument/ control racks, and PPS racks. New electrical panels. To be funded by IGPP. B002 LCLS-II Substation upgrade to support S10 and linac. Upgrade K-5 Substation. To be funded by BES. X DOE Modify and upgrade existing utilities. To be funded by Office of Science. To be funded by Office of Science. SSRL X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans FACET requires modifications to existing utility support systems. Replace deficient and electrical equipment with inadequate short circuit interrupting capacity, Sectors 0 to 30. Lead shielded 12KV cable along the linac. Aging cable feeders pose a reliability issue. Klystron Gallery Battery Banks, Motor Control Centers (MCC), bus ducts and panel boards. Action Plan B140 X X Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Power from electrical panels to racks. Funding to be requested from DOE. 210 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready Current N M P C X In 5 years Key Buildings B002 LCLS LCLS-II FACET B002 LCLS LCLS-II FACET B002 LCLS LCLS-II FACET B001 LCLS LCLS-II B750 LCLS New SSRL B406 LCLS-II B910 B770 B750A B100 B62 LCLS SSRL NLCTA X X In 10 Years Key Core Capability Objectives X X X Large-Scale User Facilities and Advanced Instrumentation Now X X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory Old and unreliable distribution, main piping, valves, motors, pumps, and controls for Cooling Towers (CT) 1201 and 1202. Old and unreliable LCW (ACS, WCS and KCS) system distribution and main piping, motors, pumps, heat exchangers, and controls. Old and unreliable MCCs, bus ducts, panel boards. Replace equipment. To be funded by Office of Science. Repair water intrusion issues. The Klystron penetrations are seeping moisture that drips onto wave guides and can degrade them. User space for experiment set-up is required in close proximity to NEH and FEH. Additional beamlines (BL16 and 10S alcove) needed for future experiments. Building rehabilitation (electrical, mechanical and envelope) to house racks. CT1701, above ground piping and Heat Exchangers (LCW) are reaching end of life. Execute the remediation. To be funded by BES. DOE Replace old equipment. To be funded by Office of Science. Replace old equipment- lack of spare parts. To be funded by Office of Science. Remodel first floor space to support experiments. To be funded by BES. Build new alcoves. Upgrade existing facilities (utilities). To be funded by BES. To be funded by IGPP. To be funded by IGPP. 211 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready Current N M P C X Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives B120 and B131 New SSRL Soil erosion mitigation. LCLS-II B950 (NEH), B999 (FEH) CT1701 LCLS New LCLS-II As part of LCLS-II project, a new tunnel is required to house the undulators. A new experimental hall is needed to accommodate four experiment stations. User setup areas for experiments are required to support developing user program. Lack of cooling water capacity to support new central utility plant. New 12 kV substation. X X LCLS-II X In 5 Years X LCLS-II X X B100 SSRL B100, B120 and B131 SSRL B131 SSRL B600, B620, B621, B680 PEP-X X X In 10 Years X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Office, collaboration and laboratory space needed. Requires seismic upgrades. Requires additional modernized user facilities. Additional beamlines are needed for future experiments. Infrastructure upgrades to support new beamlines. CT404 piping needs to be upgraded from 4” to 6” to meet additional requirements. Requires expansion of existing buildings, and construction of new buildings and alcoves to house equipment and staff for PEP-X. Requires F&I additions to support. Also Action Plan Laboratory DOE To be funded by IGPP. Build a new tunnel to house the undulators. Build Experimental Hall-II. To be funded by BES. Remodel to support user program. To be funded by BES. Add capacity to cooling tower. To be funded by BES. New substation. Funding to be requested from DOE. To be funded by BES. To be funded by BES. Build new alcoves. Upgrade existing facilities (utilities). To be funded by BES. Build new alcoves. Upgrade existing facilities (utilities). To be funded by BES. Upgrade cooling tower piping. To be funded by BES. Fund upgrades, expansions, construction, demolition and disposal of buildings. Funding to be requested from DOE. 212 Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Mission Ready Current N M P C Key Buildings Key Core Capability Objectives Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory DOE requires demolition and disposal of existing equipment in PEP tunnels. SSRL X Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Now B040 Photon Science X In 5 Years X New Facility Photon Science and Chemical and Molecular Science In 10 Years New Facility Photon Science X B003 LSST B033 LSST Fully build out remaining beamlines of SSRL. Provide seismic upgrade to B040A complex to maintain science operations. Build new facility to meet the future lab space needs of Photon Science. To be funded by IGPP. New PSLB. Funding to be requested as next SLI. (Obtain CD-0.) Build new facility to meet the future lab space needs of Photon Science. Office space needed. PSLB-II. Funding to be raised through fundraising by Stanford. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Building modifications required to upgrade the existing clean room. To be funded by HEP. X Particle Physics Funding to be requested from DOE. Now X N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 213 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory DOE Work Environment X Offices Cafeteria X Lack of infrastructure needed to integrate the accelerator physics community across SLAC. A modern, integrating facility to support users and provide opportunities to gather to promote intellectual exchange. New RSB (B052) and modernization of B041. Funded by SLI. (CD-2/3A achieved.) A proposed new SUSB will provide modernized user support including offices auditorium, conference rooms and cafeteria. Funded by SLI. (CD1achieved.) User Accommodations X Stanford Guest House Visitor Center X Expansion to support a growing shortterm user and visitor community. An adequate visitor center to enhance community outreach programs. Negotiate funding with Stanford. The existing SLAC underground communications infrastructure (access holes, duct banks, conduits, and their cable utilization) is poorly documented, and in some cases lacks the capacity to support growth to add needed cables to some areas. Existing Sun Modular Data Center will reach end-of-life in 2014. Develop plan to survey and document SLAC's underground communications infrastructure. To be funded by IGPP. A proposed new SUSB will include a visitor center. Funded by SLI. (CD-1 achieved.) Site Services X X B050 improvements needed to support science and operating needs. Computing X Communications X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Cell phone and Wi-Fi coverage is not available site wide. Coverage is limited in underground tunnels and/or shielded from the outside carriers' signals. Partner with Stanford on new Scientific Research Computing Facility (SRCF) Data Center. Multiple projects are in progress or proposed: • New power distribution units (PDU) • Water-cooled cabinets • Server row replacement • Raised floor installation • CRAC units • Row 40 upgrade • Additional standby generator • UPS (3,4 and 5) replacement To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Where needed in-building cell phone coverage is installed on a building basis. It is funded based on the occupant of the building. Wi-Fi building coverage is being 214 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Radioactive materials are currently stored in an unsheltered structure. X Storage X Environmental X Site Industrial Support Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Continue site-wide Advanced Metering project. Chilled and Heating water Central Utility Plant (CUP) expansion to support SLAC’s growth. Action Plan Laboratory considered as an alternative. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. RP has issued a memo detailing inside storage requirements for radioactive materials. To be funded by IGPP. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. DOE Build a new Central Utility Plant (CUP) to support new buildings and Lab growth. To be funded by IGPP. Conference and Collaboration Space X Collaboration Space Utilities 12KV feeds, Cooling Tower, Domestic Water and LCW Insufficient infrastructure exists to facilitate increased communications and cross-functional activities. Relocation of existing utilities to allow the construction of new tunnel for LCLSII. Some documentation of critical systems is incomplete or inaccurate. X Site Utility System X Site Domestic Water X High Voltage Power Distribution X Lack of adequate domestic water and fire protection water piping along the linac. Corroded valves and corroded underground piping. Power supply reliability risk. X Medium Voltage Power Distribution X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site electrical system protection is not fully coordinated or designed in an integrated manner. Short circuits and faults on the system could create lifesafety and property damage hazards due to lack of documentation and incorrect design. Transformer (T-2) protective relays, transfer trip and removal of OS2 and A new SUSB will increase communications and cross-functional activities. Funded by SLI. (CD-1 achieved.) Funded by IGPP. Continue with program to field-verify asbuilt drawings and document existing electrical and mechanical systems. Establish configuration management processes to ensure that documentation is kept current. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. To be funded by IGPP. Installation of gas insulated breakers, GIS substation. To be funded by IGPP. Conduct 12kV and 480 volts relay coordination, short circuit, and arc flash study. This is required by NFPA and OSHA and reduces risk to personnel and property. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. To be funded by IGPP. 215 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C OS3 at master substation. Obsolete equipment with no available spare parts. Failure will affect SPEAR, LCLS and other experiments in Research Yard. Inadequate seismic anchorage for medium voltage equipment in Substations. Obsolete MCCs, distribution panels and low voltage switchgear. Lack of spare parts and short circuit capacity problems. Site electrical system protection is not fully coordinated and designed in an integrated manner. Some panel circuit directories for low voltage distribution systems have not been updated for many years due to lack of as-built documentation. Obsolete fire alarm panels in B081, B104, B137, B140, B750, and B233 create nuisance alarms and increase the risk of fire damage to property. Repair parts for these systems are no longer available. Building system controls for chilled and heating water are obsolete and not working properly and there is a lack of replacement parts. X X X Low Voltage Distribution X Fire Alarm System HVAC X X Compressed Air Action Plan Laboratory DOE Replace switchgears 3A and 3B in Substation RA. To be funded by IGPP. To be funded by Infrastructure indirect. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Update documentation and integrate electrical system. This is required by National Electrical Code to reduce risk to personnel. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Replace obsolete fire alarm panels in B081, B104, B137, B140, B750, and B233. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. X Low Conductivity Water Distribution System X Cooling Tower Water Distribution System X Domestic Water and Fire Protection Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap X FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Pumps and control valves on pump pad 1801/1802 are obsolete and need to be replaced. Pumps, above and underground piping components, and valves are beyond their life expectancy and with high probability of failure due to leaks. New underground domestic and fire protection piping to support growth of the Lab. Corroded underground piping and valves. IR06 DW Piping and road repair IR12 DW Pipe and Asphalt repair. Domestic Replace pumps and control valves on pump pad 1801/1802. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Replace all pumps, underground valves and metal components. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. To be funded by IGPP. 216 Support Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Sanitary Sewer and Storm Drain Systems X Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap and fire water piping upgrades along the linac. Corroded underground piping, especially under the linac. Action Plan Laboratory DOE To be funded by IGPP. Roads and Grounds Pathways Hillside Erosion X X Inadequate pathways in high-traffic areas of the Laboratory. Soil erosion on hillsides creates a potential hazard to personnel and property. Build pathways in high-traffic areas. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Create a comprehensive plan to stabilize eroding hillsides. To be funded by Laboratory indirect. Limited security surveillance or control systems to effectively and efficiently monitor and control access and, when necessary, provide forensic information. Funded by Laboratory indirect. Security Infrastructure Site Access Control X The Office of Health, Safety, and Security (HSS) and SC has provided funding for hardware and installation for Phases I and II. N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 217 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 218 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Mission and Overview Lab-at-a-Glance The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), located in Newport News, Virginia, is a laboratory operated by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC for the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science (SC). The primary mission of the laboratory is to explore the fundamental nature of confined states of quarks and gluons, including the nucleons that comprise the mass of the visible universe. TJNAF also is a world-leader in the development of the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology utilized for the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF). This technology is the basis for an increasing array of applications at TJNAF, other DOE labs, and in the international scientific community. At TJNAF, the advancement of SRF technology has enabled the 12 GeV Upgrade Project, which is presently underway to double the energy of CEBAF. In addition, it facilitated the development of TJNAF’s Free Electron Laser (FEL) and Energy Recovery Linac (ERL), key future state-of–the–art techniques to support Office of Science projects. TJNAF’s present core capabilities are: experimental, theoretical and computational Nuclear Physics; Accelerator Science; Applied Nuclear Science and Technology; and Large Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. Location: Newport News, Virginia Type: Single-program laboratory Contract Operator: Jefferson Science Associates, LLC (JSA) Responsible Site Office: Thomas Jefferson Site Office Website: www.jlab.org The Lab has an international scientific user community of 1,385 researchers whose work has resulted in scientific data from 178 full and 10 partial experiments to date, 338 Physics Letters and Physical Review Letters publications and 1,056 publications in other refereed journals by the end of FY 2012. Collectively, there have been more than 74,000 citations for work done at TJNAF. Research at TJNAF and CEBAF also contributes to thesis research material for about one-third of all U.S. Ph.D.s awarded annually in Nuclear Physics (38 in FY 2012; 444 to-date; 186 more in progress). The Lab's outstanding science education programs for K-12 students, undergraduates and teachers build critical knowledge and skills in the physical sciences that are needed to solve many of the nation's future challenges Core Capabilities The following core capabilities distinguish TJNAF and provide a basis for effective teaming and partnering with other DOE laboratories, universities, and private sector partners in pursuit of the laboratory mission. These distinguishing core capabilities provide a FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Physical Assets: • 169 acres in SC buildings and trailers • 748,888 sf in 83 SC buildings and trailers • Replacement Plant Value: $384 million • 0 sf in 0 Excess Facilities • 107,768 sf in Leased Facilities Human Capital: • 759 FTEs • 22 Joint faculty • 25 Postdoctoral researchers • 10 Undergraduate and 33 Graduate students • 1,385 Facility users • 1,200 Visiting scientists FY 2012 Funding by Source (Costs in $M) WFO, BES, $11.4 $1.0 HEP, $2.2 Other SC, $24.1 NP, $134.9 Total Lab Operating Costs (excluding ARRA): $173.5 million DOE/NNSA Costs: $ 162.1 million WFO (Non-DOE/Non-DHS): $11.4 million WFO as % Total Lab Operating Costs: 6.6% DHS Costs: $0 million ARRA Costed from DOE Sources in FY 2012: $5.9 million 219 window into the mission focus and unique contributions and strengths of TJNAF and its role within the Office of Science laboratory complex. Descriptions of these facilities can be found at the website noted in the Lab-at-aGlance section of this Plan. Each of the laboratory’s core capabilities involves a substantial combination of facilities and/or teams of people and/or equipment, has a unique and/or world-leading component, and serves DOE/DHS missions and national needs. Specifically, TJNAF’s four major core capabilities meeting these criteria are described below in detail: 1. Nuclear Physics. TJNAF is a unique world-leading user facility for studies of the structure of nuclear and hadronic matter using continuous beams of high-energy, polarized electrons. The CEBAF electron beam can be simultaneously delivered to three experimental halls at different energies (currently) up to 6 GeV. Each experimental hall is instrumented with specialized experimental equipment designed to exploit the CEBAF beam. The detector and data acquisition capabilities at TJNAF, when coupled with the high-energy electron beams, provide the highest luminosity (1039/eN/cm2/s) capability in the world. The TJNAF staff designs, constructs, and operates the complete set of equipment to enable this world-class experimental nuclear physics program. With nearly 1,400 users, TJNAF supports one of the largest nuclear physics user communities in the world. The experimental nuclear physics program at TJNAF provides unique access to fundamental aspects of hadronic structure, the structure of complex nuclei, hadron formation from colored states, and tests of the standard model of nuclear and particle physics. Thus, the nuclear physics program at TJNAF should be viewed as an integral component of the field of nuclear physics, with important contributions to all major thrusts identified in the 2007 NSAC Long Range Plan, and also the Intensity Frontier of particle physics. TJNAF’s completed 6 GeV program utilizing the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility has given the United States leadership in addressing the structure and interactions of nucleons and nuclei in terms of the quarks and gluons of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). That research program will enable the TJNAF to complete the 8 of 13 OMB/SC milestones for progress in Hadronic Physics. The Nuclear Physics community in the US has acknowledged this leadership and its potential, and indeed the 2007 NSAC Long Range Plan recommends completion of a doubling of the energy reach of CEBAF, the 12 GeV Upgrade, as its highest priority. The science program at 12 GeV represents the realization of major scientific opportunities associated with this priority NSAC recommendation and will enable the completion of 2 of 10 OMB/SC milestones that are part of the initial research program. The last decade has seen the development of new theoretical and experimental tools designed to address the nature of confinement and the structure of hadrons comprised of light quarks and gluons in a quantitative way. Together, these will allow both the spectrum and the structure of hadrons to be elucidated in unprecedented detail. New program directions include higher-resolution maps of the nucleon’s charge and magnetization distributions and a measurement of the electron’s weak charge. New phenomenological tools have been developed that produce multidimensional images of hadrons with great promise to reveal the dynamics of the key underlying degrees of freedom. Computational techniques in Lattice QCD now promise to provide insightful and quantitative predictions that can be meaningfully confronted with and elucidated by forthcoming experimental data. Moreover, the relation between nuclear structure at short distance scales and the underlying dynamics of quarks can be uncovered. Going forward, the 12 GeV Upgrade of CEBAF will enable a new experimental program with substantial discovery potential to address these and other important topics in nuclear and hadron physics. As in all scientific fields, the advancement of experimental nuclear physics requires the development of new experimental tools and techniques. The staff and users of TJNAF have demonstrated exceptional capability to realize scientific progress through new instrumentation and methods. Large acceptance spectrometer systems capable of operation at high luminosity have opened new opportunities to explore the structure of nucleons and test our knowledge of QCD. This program will continue into the future with the upgraded instrumentation associated with the 12 GeV Upgrade project. Another major area of expertise that has been developed is the measurement of exceptionally small parity-violating asymmetries with high precision. This method has enabled major advances in hadronic structure, the structure of heavy nuclei (through measurement of the neutron distribution radius), and precision tests of the standard model of particle physics. Again, these FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 220 advances have led to new proposals in all these areas during the upcoming era of 12 GeV operation of CEBAF. The construction of the 12 GeV CEBAF and associated experimental facilities is currently underway and will be commissioned in 2014-2015. The increased complexity of the accelerator and experimental equipment, including the introduction of a fourth experimental Hall D with its discovery-class program to search for exotic hadronic states of QCD, represent a substantial expansion of the scale of the operations. A comprehensive theoretical effort and leadership across nuclear physics is the mission of the Jefferson Lab Theory Center. The research program is an essential part of the national strategy for understanding the structure of hadronic matter and the worldwide effort to explore the nature of quark and gluon confinement. This contributes to all thirteen current Office of Science milestones for hadronic physics. This broad program encompasses investigations of the hadron spectrum, hadron structure and hadron dynamics using a range of state-of-the art theoretical, phenomenological and computational approaches. These cover ab initio calculations both in the continuum and on the lattice of the properties of light nuclei, analyses of the nucleonnucleon interaction, predictions for and analyses of the structure of the nucleon and its excitations, the determination of the spectrum of mesons with emphasis on their underlying quark and gluon structure, and explorations of the internal landscape of hadrons in terms of momentum, spin and spatial distributions. This internal dynamics is investigated in parallel studies using the methods of both lattice and perturbative QCD. A recent emphasis here has been on the issue of how to define and then compute the internal orbital motion of quarks and gluons. A particular strength of the theory group is the capability to meld the appropriate theoretical tools with cutting edge computational technology. The synthesis of the latest technology with innovative theoretical tools is particularly notable in the area of High Performance Computing. TJNAF deploys cost-optimized computing for lattice QCD calculations as a national facility for the U.S. lattice gauge theory community. Such computing capitalizes on the DOE’s investment in leadership-class computing to facilitate the calculations needed to advance the understanding of nuclear and high-energy physics. To make best use of these facilities, innovative development of novel software tools (Chroma) has allowed the calculation of observables of direct relevance to the TJNAF experimental program from the spectroscopy of baryons and mesons, including exotics, to form factors and generalized parton distributions. When combined with the power and speed of the dedicated Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) infrastructure, results of unrivaled precision for the hadron spectrum have been produced. An increasingly important part of this lattice effort is the computation of hadronic scattering amplitudes, with emphasis on providing the decay couplings of well-established mesons as a benchmark for extension to hybrid states, where the decay couplings will aid the experimental search of GlueX and CLAS12. A third of the Theory Center members is also engaged in phenomenological studies of the physics to be accessed at a future Electron Ion Collider, and were major contributors to the whitepaper that sets out its physics case. In all aspects, the Theory Center works closely with the experimental community, whether in performing crucial radiative corrections for parity-violating experiments, or in studies to constrain transverse momentum-dependent and generalized parton distribution functions from the full kinematic range of results that TJNAF will produce. A key component of the support Theory will provide to the 12 GeV experimental program is the JLab Physics Analysis Center (JPAC). The JPAC project draws on world theoretical expertise in developing appropriate phenomenological tools and computational framework required for extracting the details of quark and gluon dynamics from experimental data of unprecedented precision and scope. Definitive answers to the basic questions of “do there exist hadrons for which the excitation of gluons is essential to their quantum numbers” and “what is the detailed internal flavor, momentum, angular momentum and spatial distribution of nucleons” require continuing engagement and collaboration between experimentalists and theorists both at Jefferson Lab, at US universities and the wider hadron physics community. This program addresses scientific milestones HP 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15 identified as essential for progress in hadronic physics. The Nuclear Physics Core Capability serves DOE Scientific Discovery and Innovation (SC) mission numbers 2, 4, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35 and 36 from “Enclosure 1: List of DOE/NNSA/DHS Missions.” FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 221 2. Accelerator Science. The focus of TJNAF’s Accelerator Science is on superconducting, high current, continuous wave, multi-pass linear accelerators (linacs), including energy recovering linacs. Past achievements and future plans involve the lab’s expertise in three areas, namely, SRF niobium-based accelerating technology, liquid helium refrigeration, and high current, low emittance electron injectors. In particular, TJNAF has extensive expertise in high current photoemission sources, especially polarized sources. This broad suite of capabilities is complemented by world-class expertise in accelerator design and modeling. These strengths support the TJNAF Accelerator Science priorities: the operation and upgrade of the accelerator facilities, the preparation of the future evolution of nuclear physics experimentation at TJNAF, the extension of the accelerator core capabilities and the education of the next generation of accelerator physicists and engineers. With CEBAF, TJNAF has more integrated operating experience of superconducting linacs (>35%) than any other institution in the world. TJNAF SRF facilities have processed more multi-cell superconducting cavities of multiple types and designs, to consistently higher performance levels than any other facility in the world. TJNAF electron sources and injectors have produced in operations continuous wave electron beams with currents of 180 µA and 89% polarization and unpolarized beams of 9 mA. TJNAF technical infrastructure and staff position us uniquely to design and apply advances in SRF, FEL and injectors, at TJNAF, at other DOE laboratories and at laboratories around the world. Discussions are presently in progress with all Office of Science projects requiring SRF expertise to enable TJNAF to support these efforts. The SRF Institute at TJNAF can be a cost-effective R&D partner because of its experience and facilities. Past partnerships include jointly funded R&D and digital RF conductivity with the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams’ (FRIB) predecessor, Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), high efficiency cryogenics jointly funded by NASA, high-current cavities funded by ONR, high-voltage electron guns funded by International Linear Collider (ILC), crab cavities funded by the Advanced Photon Source (APS), and R&D on high gradient cavities for future accelerator technologies funded by BES. Office of Nuclear Physics projects for which partnerships are envisioned are FRIB and for all designs of an electron ion collider (EIC). TJNAF will be processing the half-wave cavities for FRIB and is negotiating the responsibility of assembling the half-wave cryomodules as well. Support for other Office of Science projects would include the 650 MHz cavities for Project X at Fermilab, crab cavities and cryostats for the SPX at Argonne National Lab (ANL), and nine-cell cavities for the International Linear Collider (ILC). Potential for international collaboration exist with the European Spallation Neutron Source (ESS, Sweden) and the MYRRHA Project in Belgium, although Europe tends to support European industry ahead of the US. The Accelerator Division, in partnership with the Physics Division and collaborators at other national laboratories, has been developing a design concept for a Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider. This has expanded the accelerator science activities at TJNAF to include high luminosity collider technology, polarized stored ion beams, electron cooling, and crab cavity implementation. The Accelerator Science Core Capability serves DOE Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission numbers 25, 26, and 30 from “Enclosure 1: List of DOE/NNSA/DHS Missions.” 3. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology. The development of key technologies in accelerator, photon, and detector science at TJNAF established a key skill base enabling the development of other advanced instruments and research tools, namely the Free Electron Laser Facility. Originally commissioned in 1995, it is currently the most powerful Free Electron Laser in the world. Producing up to 14 kW of CW average power in the near infrared regime, the coherent pulses of light have been used for research on such varied topics as the development of a treatment for adult acne, energy loss in semiconductors due to interstitial hydrogen, terahertz imaging for homeland security purposes, and a search for dark matter. The primary funding source for the Infrared (IR) FEL has been the ONR in support of its program to develop a high average power laser for shipboard defense against cruise missiles. That program will continue in an R&D phase for the next several years. TJNAF continues to be involved through Work for Others. Under separate $12M United States Air Force (AF) funding, a ultraviolet (UV) FEL system has provided 20 microjoule pulses of 300 nm light at 4.7 MHz repetition rates in 120 fs pulse length trains. The harmonics of that UV FEL at 10 to 13 eV provide fully coherent beams with higher average brightness by a factor of 100 than any 3rd generation storage ring and have the added capability to provide ultra-short pulses to address FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 222 systems dynamically. The use of narrow-line laser photons in many cases eliminates the requirement for a monochromator giving further advantage over relatively broadband synchrotron sources. The TJNAF UV FEL leads the world in its capability. TJNAF is performing work providing measurements on materials using UV, infrared and THz light, funded by the Commonwealth of Virginia in cooperation with Virginia universities and other national laboratories. This program has operated synergistically with the Nuclear Physics activities at TJNAF, benefitting from core capabilities such as SRF accelerators (developing high gradient cryomodules partially under BES funding and providing valuable experience in high average current DC injector guns (extending voltage standoff from 320 kV to 500 kV), rf control systems (developing a new digital control system), and beam diagnostics (studying effects which degrade beam brightness such as coherent synchrotron radiation. The advantages of such a high current low energy machine are being studied for possible application to nuclear and high energy physics studies such as the search for massive neutral vector gauge bosons. The FEL Linac recently engaged in a demonstration for a High Energy Physics Experiment called DarkLight in a search for Dark Matter. The FEL Linac provided 8 hours of 450 kW beam power on a 2 mm diameter by 10 cm long aperture with only 5W of intercepted beam. The FEL effort also developed a new technology deemed critical for one of the two major branches of next generation light sources for DOE: the energy recovery linac (ERL). In the ERL, the electron beam is re-cycled back through the accelerator out of phase with the accelerating field so the beam’s energy is extracted back into RF power. This power, which would normally be dumped, can represent 90% of the beam power in a high power linear accelerator. TJNAF was the pioneer in developing this technology and its FEL remains the highest power system extant. A number of other laboratories are adopting this technology and NSF is considering the development at Cornell of a very high power system based on such experience. ERL technology is likely to become an important contribution to sustainability initiatives at DOE labs. TJNAF is also working with other national laboratories to develop accelerator technology and perform beam physics studies relevant to next generation light sources. An MOU has been signed with LBNL, FNAL and SLAC regarding cooperative activities to prepare for CD-1 of the NGLS. TJNAF is home to and developer of modern radiation detection, data analysis and imaging techniques, fast electronics and data-acquisition, and data storage capabilities. These capabilities are crucial to the state-ofthe-art and to the anticipated experimental nuclear physics program, and underpin the bio-medical applications described below. Scientists and engineers have also developed advanced radiation shielding solutions as part of the Lab’s 12 GeV program, including recently-invented and cost-effective hydrogen and boron-enhanced products, particularly well-suited for absorbing neutrons. The TJNAF Radiation Detector and Imaging Group develops, constructs and tests a variety of novel high performance (high resolution and high sensitivity) 2D and 3D radioisotope imaging systems which include single photon, emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical and x-ray computed tomography (CT) systems. These are used for a broad variety of applications (beyond nuclear physics research) including: medical preclinical and clinical application, studies of biological function in plants and small animals including motion tracking and imaging; and the potential for non-destructive evaluation and homeland security applications. A new compact detector technology called a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a focus at TJNAF. They are planned for nuclear physics detector systems because of their immunity to magnetic fields. Their low profile in terms of compactness and low-voltage requirements gives them tremendous potential as photo-sensors for biomedical applications. For instance, a round hand-held camera was designed as an imaging aid to cancer surgeons during surgical processes, based on these SiPMs. TJNAF is using nuclear physics detector technology to develop optimized systems for radioisotope imaging. TJNAF’s Radiation Detector and Imaging Group has developed and advanced a SPECT-CT system that has been used in brain studies on awake, unrestrained mice and is being upgraded to improve its utilization and accommodate rats. Recent results of an imaging study using the new system showed it can obtain detailed functional brain images of a conscious mouse moving freely and for the first time, documented the effects of a particular anesthesia on the absorption patterns of a brain specific imaging compound on anesthetized vs. awake mice. TJNAF has also built PhytoPET, a PET imaging methodology for plant research. The PhytoPET system is being used to conduct photosynthesis and sugar transport (carbohydrate translocation) studies in FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 223 plants under different conditions. This technology has attracted interest from biologists involved in agricultural, bio-fuel and carbon sequestration research. The Applied Nuclear Science and Technology Core Capability serves DOE Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission numbers 9, 14, 26, and 30 from “Enclosure 1: List of DOE/NNSA/DHS Missions.” 4. Large Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation. TJNAF is the world’s leading user facility for studies of the quark structure of matter using continuous beams of high-energy, polarized electrons. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator is housed in a 7/8 mile racetrack and can deliver precise electron beams with energies up to 6 GeV to three experimental End Stations or Halls simultaneously. Hall A houses two high-resolution magnetic spectrometers of some 100 feet length and a plethora of auxiliary detector systems. Hall B has been the home of the CEBAF large-acceptance spectrometer with multiple detector systems and some 40,000 readout channels. Hall C boasts an 80 feet long high-momentum magnetic spectrometer and houses many unique large-installation experiments. Maintenance, operations and improvements of the accelerator beam enclosure and beam quality, and the cavernous experimental Halls and the multiple devices in them, are conducted by the Jefferson Lab staff, to facilitate user experiments. The expertise developed in building and operating CEBAF has led to the design of an upgrade that will double the energy (to 12 GeV) and provide a unique facility for nuclear physics research that will ensure continued world leadership in this field for several decades. This upgrade will add one new experimental facility, Hall D, dedicated to the operation of a hermetic large-acceptance detector for photon-beam experiments. The upgrade will add a new magnetic spectrometer in Hall C, and convert the Hall B apparatus to allow for the higher-energy and higher luminosity operations. Unique opportunities exist in Hall A with the Super BigBite Spectrometer (SBS) and possible, additional dedicated apparatus for one-of-a-kind experiments. Jefferson Lab staff has developed a substantial ability to conceive and design large accelerator facilities, building upon 6 GeV CEBAF operations and augmented with the ongoing 12 GeV Upgrade. In partnership with BNL and scientists and engineers world-wide, TJNAF scientists and engineers are thus leading the conceptual design of a powerful electron-ion collider that has been identified as a major opportunity to advance the field beyond the 12 GeV Upgrade. With the completion of the 12 GeV Upgrade and the foreseen electron-ion collider, TJNAF will continue its role of the world’s premier experimental QCD facility. The ability to use the existing FEL as an accelerator R&D test-bed for energy-recovery linacs, and techniques required to establish cooling of proton/ion beams, for example, provides a mutual beneficial cross-fertilization between the FEL and Nuclear Physics. TJNAF has developed state-of-the-art instrumentation for R&D, design, fabrication, chemical processing, and testing of superconducting RF cavities. This complete concept-to-delivery capability is unique in the world. All of these capabilities have been essential to the development, deployment, commissioning and operation of the CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade. The addition of TJNAF’s Technology and Engineering Development Facility (TEDF), currently nearing completion, will provide 100,000 additional square feet that will enhance and collocate all SRF operations elements and will provide additional experimental assembly space. It will also provide configurable space that can be adapted to work on different kinds of SRF cavities as TJNAF’s portfolio of projects expands. TJNAF’s renowned cryogenics staff operates and improves the laboratory’s three large 2K cryogenic plants that support CEBAF operations and SRF production. This plant count will soon increase to five plants as the 12 GeV upgrade becomes operational. These plants utilize patented cryogenic cycles developed by TJNAF that increase efficiencies by up to 30% more than what was traditionally available from industry. Extensive operational experience has allowed the group to develop controls technologies and techniques that permit year round, unattended operations that drastically decrease staffing needs traditionally required for operations of this magnitude. These control and cycle technologies have been applied to other DOE facilities, notably to RHIC at Brookhaven and NASA’s Johnson Space Center where the technology is being applied to a 12.5kW refrigerator at 20K for a space effects chamber to test the James Webb telescope. Recently, the group was asked to help guide the design, procurement and commissioning of the refrigerator supporting the FRIB FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 224 machine at Michigan State University. The Lab also has responsibilities for cryogenic system design for the NGLS. Nationwide, this group is the premier source of cryogenic engineering and design for large helium refrigerators, filling a void in commercially available services. TJNAF’s cryogenics group is consulted when project needs for a large helium refrigerator system arise (>2kW @ 4K or equivalent capacity) to ensure effective design results and highly efficient operation. The Large Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation Core Capability serves DOE Scientific Discovery and Innovation mission numbers 24, 26 and 30 from Enclosure 1: List of DOE/DHS Missions. Science Strategy for the Future Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is located on a 169 acre federal reservation. North of the DOE-owned land is an eight acre parcel referred to as the Virginia Associated Research Campus (VARC) which is owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia and leased to SURA which, in turn, sub-leases this property for $1 dollar per year to DOE for use in support of the Lab. SURA owns 37 acres, adjacent to the TJNAF site, where it operates a 42-room Residence Facility at no cost to DOE. TJNAF consists of 73 DOE owned buildings (876,105 SF), two state leased buildings (37,643 SF), and 15 real property trailers (23,237 SF) totaling 936,985 SF, plus roads and utilities. Additionally, the Lab leases office and lab space (42,480 SF) from the City of Newport News located in the Applied Research Center (ARC), which was constructed by the City of Newport News and adjacent to the TJNAF campus. In addition to these facilities, TJNAF has 1 leased trailer (1,415 SF), 71 shipping containers (22,240 SF) used for storage, and 26,230 SF of offsite leased storage space. The Lab will continue efforts to consolidate leased and trailer office space with the elimination of 14,200 SF of leased office space in FY13 and 15,850 SF of trailers by FY15. In addition, the Lab plans to eliminate 7,000 SF of off-site leased warehouse space in FY13 and 20,000 SF of on-site shipping containers used for storage by FY16. There were no real estate actions in FY 2012 or planned for FY 2013 involving leases of more than 10,000 SF. At the close of FY 2012, ~819 employees were employed and occupying site facilities. Each day, TJNAF hosts on average, ~100 users from the United States and around the world. The Lab recently moved into the new 74,000 SF Technology and Engineering Development (TED) Building and 47,000 SF Test Lab Addition constructed under the Science Lab Infrastructure (SLI) program. The Test Lab, a 48 year old NASA facility has the largest amount of deferred maintenance of any Lab building, the majority of which will be corrected as part of the Test Lab Rehabilitation (SLI) project currently underway. This project scheduled for completion in 2013 will resolve the majority of the technical and administrative space shortage. The major remaining space shortage is specialty technical and storage space. Site electrical distribution and cooling towers have reached the end of their service life. Communications, computing air conditioning and power, and the Cryogenics Test Facility serving the Test Lab have reached their capacity and need to be expanded to meet the Lab’s mission. The Utilities Infrastructure Modernization (SLI) project planned for FY14 funding will correct these deficiencies. The UIM project was granted CD-1 on October 14, 2010. Funding has been identified in the FY14 budget. A current copy of the near term Land Use Plan can be can be found on the TJNAF Facilities Management website. Table 1 reflects an Asset Condition Index that meets the current goal established by DOE SC for Mission Critical Facilities. Mission Dependent Facilities are below the established goal due to aging real property trailers. Through GPP and SLI investments, TJNAF will achieve the SC goal for Mission Dependent Facilities by FY 2015. The site wide Asset Utilization Index is ~ 100% Mission Readiness/Facilities and Infrastructure Overview of Site Facilities and Infrastructure. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is located on a 169 acre federal reservation. North of the DOE-owned land is an eight acre parcel referred to as the Virginia Associated Research Campus (VARC) which is owned by the Commonwealth of Virginia and leased to SURA which, in turn, sub-leases this property for $1 dollar per year to DOE for use in support of the Lab. SURA owns 37 acres, adjacent to the TJNAF site, where it operates a 42-room Residence Facility at no cost to DOE. TJNAF consists of 73 DOE owned buildings (876,105 SF), two state leased buildings (37,643 SF), and 15 real property trailers (23,237 SF) totaling 936,985 SF, plus roads and utilities. Additionally, the Lab leases office and FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 225 lab space (42,480 SF) from the City of Newport News located in the Applied Research Center (ARC), which was constructed by the City of Newport News and adjacent to the TJNAF campus. In addition to these facilities, TJNAF has 1 leased trailer (1,415 SF), 71 shipping containers (22,240 SF) used for storage, and 26,230 SF of offsite leased storage space. The Lab will continue efforts to consolidate leased and trailer office space with the elimination of 14,200 SF of leased office space in FY13 and 15,850 SF of trailers by FY15. In addition, the Lab plans to eliminate 7,000 SF of off-site leased warehouse space in FY13 and 20,000 SF of on-site shipping containers used for storage by FY16. There were no real estate actions in FY 2012 or planned for FY 2013 involving leases of more than 10,000 SF. At the close of FY 2012, ~819 employees were employed and occupying site facilities. Each day, TJNAF hosts on average, ~100 users from the United States and around the world. The Lab recently moved into the new 74,000 SF Technology and Engineering Development (TED) Building and 47,000 SF Test Lab Addition constructed under the Science Lab Infrastructure (SLI) program. The Test Lab, a 48 year old NASA facility has the largest amount of deferred maintenance of any Lab building, the majority of which will be corrected as part of the Test Lab Rehabilitation (SLI) project currently underway. This project scheduled for completion in 2013 will resolve the majority of the technical and administrative space shortage. The major remaining space shortage is specialty technical and storage space. Site electrical distribution and cooling towers have reached the end of their service life. Communications, computing air conditioning and power, and the Cryogenics Test Facility serving the Test Lab have reached their capacity and need to be expanded to meet the Lab’s mission. The Utilities Infrastructure Modernization (SLI) project planned for FY14 funding will correct these deficiencies. The UIM project was granted CD-1 on October 14, 2010. Funding has been identified in the FY14 budget. A current copy of the near term Land Use Plan can be can be found on the TJNAF Facilities Management website. Table 1 reflects an Asset Condition Index that meets the current goal established by DOE SC for Mission Critical Facilities. Mission Dependent Facilities are below the established goal due to aging real property trailers. Through GPP and SLI investments, TJNAF will achieve the SC goal for Mission Dependent Facilities by FY 2015. The site wide Asset Utilization Index is ~ 100%. Table 1. SC Infrastructure Data Summary Total Bldg., Trailer, and OSF RPV($) (Less 3000 Series OSFs) Total OSF 3000 Series RPV($) Total RPV($) Total Deferred Maintenance($) Total Owned Acreage Site-Wide ACI(B, S, T) Mission Critical Mission Dependent Not Mission Dependent Office Warehouse Asset Utilization Laboratory Index (B,T)2,3 Hospital Housing B=Building; S=Structure; T=Trailers Asset Condition Index (B, S, T)1 $384,165,023 $367,754,730 $751,919,753 $8,584,826 169.43 0.978 0.983 0.876 99.46 100 100 - #Building Assets 47 26 5 15 41 - #Trailer Assets 15 15 - #OSF Assets 19 3 - GSF (Bldg) 800,592 76,928 152,489 71,295 605,261 - GSF (Trailer) 21,822 - 1Criteria includes DOE-Owned Buildings, Trailers, and OSFs (excludes series 3000 OSFs) 2Criteria includes DOE-Owned Buildings and Trailers. 3Only includes assets with usage codes that fall into these 5 FRPC categories. Other usage types are not included. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 226 Facilities and Infrastructure to Support Laboratory Missions. The completion of the 12 GeV Upgrade, adds a fourth experimental hall (Hall D) along with upgrades to the three existing halls and will provide TJNAF users with state-of-the-art facilities necessary to advance science in support of the DOE SC mission. Additionally, completion of the Technology and Engineering Development Facility (TEDF), scheduled for completion in July 2013, provides a first rate facility for the advancement of research and development in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology as well as modern office space to allow consolidation of some staff from trailers and leased space. Upgrades in electrical distribution, process cooling, and communications through completion of the Utilities Infrastructure Modernization SLI project in 2016 will bring site utilities to mission ready status. TJNAF assesses the condition of its facilities on a four year cycle using a software package called "VFA Facility" that is offered by Vanderweil Facility Advisors (VFA). Overall, the condition of site facilities is good. Mechanical systems in two major buildings, CEBAF Center and the Experimental Equipment Lab (EEL), have reached the end of their service life. The Lab is considering a Utility Energy Services Contract to address system deficiencies. The Research and User Support Facility project (SLI) will renovate the existing CEBAF Center by upgrade the existing building mechanical and lighting systems to high energy performance standards as well as add additional square footage to support the new Hall D staff and allow the completion of the consolidation process from trailers and leased space. This energy efficiency upgrade is an important element in meeting DOE sustainability goals. Additional GPP projects have been identified in the Lab’s Ten Year Site Plan to make improvement in water infrastructure, facility modifications to support the science program, and to provide additional storage to support experimental equipment needs as well as eliminate over 22,400 SF of containers used for storage. This list represents an investment of $25M ($2.5M per year) over the ten year period to provide sufficient new space. The Mission Readiness assessment of technical and support facilities and infrastructure is summarized in Enclosure 2. TJNAF is seeking DOE support for two SLI projects; the Utilities Infrastructure Modernization Project, currently in the SLI funding profile for a 2014 start and the Research and User Support Facility which is needed to start in FY 2015 to upgrade the existing building aging mechanical equipment. Completion of these projects will upgrade critical site support utilities, greatly contribute to meeting sustainability goals, allow consolidation of staff currently in leased space, provide additional conference space and bring the buildings up to desired aesthetic standards. The Lab is also exploring a Utility Energy Services Contract to complete other mechanical and lighting improvements. Strategic Site Investments. • 12 GeV Conventional Facilities (Line Item) Conventional facilities required for construction, preoperation, and some operations of CEBAF at 12 GeV are included as part of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project. The conventional construction includes 36,400 SF of new space including an extension to the tunnel, and a fourth experimental hall. The project is scheduled for completion in FY 2016. • Technology & Engineering Development Facility (SLI) (CD-4A) The project renovates the current Test Lab (about 95,000 square feet), removes over 10,000 SF of inadequate and obsolete work space in and adjacent to the Test Lab, and removes 12,000 SF of dilapidated trailers that do not meet current commercial standards. The project includes construction of a new building and a building addition which will add over 121,000 SF of needed workspace for critical technical support functions, including mechanical and electrical engineering, cryogenics engineering and fabrication, and environment, safety, and health. The project has been awarded a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold (second highest designation) for the Technology and Engineering Development building. A second LEED Gold achievement for the Test Lab Addition/Rehab is being submitted. Energy savings from the Test Lab Renovation are estimated at 762,570 kWh/yr of electricity and 7,437 therms of natural gas for a total utility cost savings of $52,000/year. The project is scheduled for completion in July 2013, approximately 8 months ahead of schedule. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 227 • Utilities Infrastructure Modernization Project (SLI) (CD-1) This project replaces or upgrades the following utility systems: o Electrical Distribution: Replace accelerator site primary and secondary electric feeders. o Process Cooling: Replace/upgrade 20 to 40 year old site cooling towers serving the Accelerator Site Low Conductivity Water (LCW) systems and provide additional computer center cooling and uninterruptable power. o Cryogenics: Upgrade Cryogenics Test Facility adjacent to the Test Lab (TEDF) to fully support SRF R&D and experimental hall operations. o Communications: Replace 20 to 40 year old underground communications and data cabling and equipment. The project is programmed for funding in FY14. • Research and User Support Facility (SLI) This project funds the modernization of, and addition to the current CEBAF Center, which is the hub of the Lab. Construction includes two additional wings (95,000 SF) and the rehabilitation of 67,300 SF of space in the current center. The building mechanical systems have reached the end of their service life and are experiencing frequent failures. Correction of this portion of the project scope is needed now. The project alleviates overcrowding of personnel, relocates staff and users currently occupying leased space, accommodates planned staff growth needed for the additional 12 GeV experimental hall and reduces leased space in the Applied Research Center by 24,599 SF. The project will be designed and constructed to meet guiding sustainable principles and reduce energy consumption of the existing building by 30%. Funding is needed in FY 2015 in order to replace the existing aging mechanical equipment and upgrade the existing building to help meet DOE sustainability goals. • Maintenance Strategy TJNAF utilizes small business subcontractors to perform the majority of facility maintenance tasks. Maintenance investment will continue at a level sufficient to maintain the facilities in a mission ready state. The Lab has developed SLI or GPP projects to significantly reduce deferred maintenance. The TEDF project has already eliminated over $6.5 million in deferred maintenance with more than another $1 million to be eliminated prior to project completion. The UIM project along with planned trailer demolition will eliminate more than $3 million of the Lab’s deferred maintenance. The Lab has a trailer disposal plan to replace the 16 trailers and 74 shipping containers with permanent building space by 2018. Excess Facility/Material/Environmental TJNAF does not have any excess facilities or environmental issues. TJNAF recycled over 240 tons of scrap metal and overall recycled over 85% of construction materials and 87% of non-construction materials in 2012. Trends and Metrics. Table 2 shows the Lab’s planned infrastructure investment and the positive impact on the Asset Condition Index (ACI) and level of deferred maintenance (DM). Figure 1 depicts site wide ACI and infrastructure investments. Planned projects would allow the Lab to reach and sustain a DOE performance rating of “Excellent” in FY 2013. Continued support of SLI and GPP funding is essential if the Lab is to meet its goals. Alternates to SLI and GPP include alternate financing provided through a Utility Energy Services Contract. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 228 Table 2. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments ($M) Maintenance DMR* EFD (overhead) IGPP GPP Line Items Total Investment Estimated RPV Estimated DM 2012 5.5 0 2013 5.5 0 2014 5.6 0 2015 5.7 0 2016 5.8 0 2017 6.0 0 2018 6.1 0 2019 6.2 0 2020 6.3 0 2021 6.4 0 2022 6.6 0 2023 6.7 0 0 0 1.1 20.8 27.4 0 0 3.4 8.9 17.8 397 0 0 2.5 29.2 37.3 408 0 0 2.5 31 39.2 445 0 0 2.5 30 38.3 491 0 0 2.5 0 8.5 509 0 0 2.5 0 8.6 527 0 0 2.5 0 8.7 545 0 0 2.5 0 8.8 562 0 0 2.5 0 8.9 579 0 0 2.5 0 9.1 597 0 0 2.5 0 9.2 615 7 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 Site-Wide ACI 1This line is for those sites that have a focused DMR to help reduce DM to acceptable levels based on the Asset Condition Index (e.g. 0.975 for Mission Critical facilities). This line does not include DMR resulting from line items, GPP, IGPP, excess facility disposition or normal maintenance. Figure 1. Facilities and Infrastructure Investments 45.0 1.000 40.0 0.990 35.0 0.980 0.970 30.0 0.960 25.0 0.950 20.0 0.940 15.0 0.930 10.0 0.920 5.0 0.910 0.0 0.900 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Investment ($M) FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans Site-Wide ACI 229 Attachment 1. Mission Readiness Tables Technical Facilities and Infrastructure – Assumes TYSP Implemented Core Capabilities Time Frame Now In 5 Years Mission Ready Key Buildings N M P C X X Nuclear Physics In 10 Years Now Accelerator Science Applied Nuclear Science & Technology Large Scale User Facilities Advanced Instrumentation X Action Plan Laboratory DOE Central Helium Liquefier • Inadequate: Technical & Experimental Assembly Space Counting House Sustain. Improve. (FY12-15) 12 GeV Conventional Facilities (LI) (FY08-15) Access Bldgs Inadequate Service Bdgs Service Bldg 68 Addition (FY13) Technology & Eng. Development Facility (SLI) (FY09-12) Test Lab Deferred Maintenance Experimental Equipment Laboratory Rehab (FY2122) • Counting House • Experimental Equipment Laboratory (EEL) • End Station Refrigerator • Accelerator Tunnel Building Code Deficiencies X In 5 Years X Test Lab In 10 Years X Cryogenics Test Facility Now Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap X In 5 Years X In 10 Years X Injector Test Facility (FY14-15) • Aging Facilities • Inadequate Utility Capacity (cooling, electrical, data) Free Electron Laser Inadequate Technical Space Experimental Equipment Laboratory (EEL) Experimental Assembly Technology & Engineering Development Facility (SLI) (FY09-12) Utilities Infrastructure Modernization (SLI) (FY14) Experimental Equipment Laboratory Rehab (FY2122) Experimental Staging Now X Experimental Halls In 5 Years X Experimental Equipment Laboratory (EEL) In 10 Years N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable Inadequate Work Space X CEBAF Center Inadequate experimental halls for program Inadequate experimental work support and space Inadequate work space for scientists & users 12 GeV Conventional Facilities(LI) (FY08-15) Technology & Eng. Development Facility (SLI) (FY09-12) Research and User Support Facility (SLI) (FY15-16) S= Stimulus GPP, LI=Line Item, SLI= Science Lab Infrastructure, UIM=Utilities Infrastructure Modernization FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 230 Support Facilities and Infrastructure - Assumes TYSP Implemented Real Property Capability Mission Ready Current N M P C Work Environment X User Accommodations X Site Services X Conference and Collaboration Space X Utilities X Roads & Grounds X Facility and Infrastructure Capability Gap Action Plan Laboratory • Insufficient Offices • CEBAF Center Bldg systems at end of service life • No recreational/fitness facilities • Cafeteria undersized No visitor center • Poor location of RADCON Calibration Facility • Limited computer center cooling • Facility storage for research equipment • Inadequate site lay down area • Insufficient conference/collaboration space • Auditorium too small • Aging electrical distribution • Aging cooling water systems • Aging/inadequate comms/data • Insufficient cryogenics • Inadequate water pressure • Stormwater management shortfalls • Poor road conditions • Parking shortage • Sustainability Imp Bldg 87 (FY13-14) • Bldg 89 (FY19-20) Visitor Center (FY-22+) • RADCON Calibration Facility (FY20) • Shipping & Receiving (FY16-17) DOE • TEDF (SLI) (FY09-12) • Research and User Support Facility (SLI) (FY15-16) UIM (SLI) (FY14) Research and User Support Facility (SLI) (FY15-16) • 40 MVA Substation (FY13-14) • Fire Protection Pump (FY14) UIM (SLI) (FY14) • Storm water (FY15) • Road Improvements (FY22-23) N = Not, M = Marginal, P = Partial, C = Capable FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 231 Attachment 2. Laboratory Site Map FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 232 Appendix 1. SC Laboratory Core Capabilities SC has identified seventeen categories of core capabilities that comprise the scientific and technological foundation of its national laboratories. SC uses three criteria to define core capabilities. They must: • • • Encompass a substantial combination of facilities and/or teams of people and/or equipment; Have a unique and/or world-leading component; and Be relevant to a discussion of DOE/NNSA/DHS missions. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the core capabilities across the ten SC laboratories, and the pages that follow provide the definitions of each capability category. Figure 1. Distribution of Core Capabilities Across the SC Laboratories ANL BNL FNAL LBNL Particle Physics     Nuclear Physics   Accelerator Science   Categories of Core Capabilities AMES  ORNL PNNL          Chemical and M olecular Science       Climate Change Science     Biological Systems Science         Applied M athematics   Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data                Chemical Engineering      Systems Engineering and Integration      Large Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation      Applied Nuclear Science and Technology Applied M aterials Science and Engineering     Condensed M atter Physics and M aterials Science Computational Science TJNAF    Environmental Subsurface Science S LAC   Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences PPPL      1. Particle Physics: The ability to carry out experimental and theoretical research to provide new insights and advance our knowledge on the nature of matter and energy, and the basic nature of space and time itself. This includes the design, operation and analysis of experiments to discover the elementary constituents of matter and energy and probe the interactions between them and the development of models and theories to understand their properties and behaviors. 2. Nuclear Physics: The ability to carry out experimental and theoretical research to provide new insights and advance our knowledge on the nature of matter and energy. This includes the design, operation and analysis of experiments to establish the basic properties of hadrons, atomic nuclei, and other particles, and the development of models and theories to understand these properties and behaviors in terms of the fundamental forces of nature. 3. Accelerator Science and Technology: The ability to conduct experimental, computational, and theoretical research on the physics of particle beams and to develop technologies to accelerate, characterize, and manipulate particle beams in accelerators and storage rings. The research seeks to achieve fundamental understanding beyond current accelerator and detector science and technologies to develop new concepts and systems for the design of advanced scientific user facilities. 4. Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences: The ability to conduct world-leading plasma research that can range from low-temperature to high temperature/high pressure plasmas. This ability can be in operation of the stateof-the-art experimental fusion facilities to carry out world-leading research on the fundamental physics of FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 233 plasmas, in theory and computations, which is critical to the full understanding of the plasma phenomena being studied or to enable technologies that allow experiments to reach and in many cases exceed their performance goals. 5. Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science: The ability to conduct experimental, theoretical, and computational research to fundamentally understand condensed matter physics and materials sciences that provide a basis for the development of materials that improve the efficiency, economy, environmental acceptability, and safety in energy generation, conversion, transmission, and utilization. Areas of research include experimental and theoretical condensed matter physics, x-ray and neutron scattering, electron and scanning probe microscopies, ultrafast materials science, physical and mechanical behavior of materials, radiation effects in materials, materials chemistry, and bimolecular materials. 6. Chemical and Molecular Science: The ability to conduct experimental, theoretical, and computational research to fundamentally understand chemical change and energy flow in molecular systems that provide a basis for the development of new processes for the generation, storage, and use of energy and for mitigation of the environmental impacts of energy use. Areas of research include atomic, molecular and optical sciences; gas-phase chemical physics; condensed phase and interfacial molecular science; solar photochemistry; photosynthetic systems; physical biosciences; catalysis science; separations and analytical science; actinide chemistry; and geosciences. 7. Climate Change Science: The ability to address critical scientific questions on the causes, impacts, and predictability of climate change via the integration of laboratory-specific research facilities, instrumentation and/or leadership-class computational systems, and individuals with expertise in climate change research and related disciplines. This unique combination of tools and people is the foundation for research of scale and breadth unmatched by other facilities, world-wide, for example, on 1) atmospheric-process research and modeling, including clouds, aerosols, and the terrestrial carbon cycle; 2) climate change modeling at global to regional scales; 3) research on the effects of climate change on ecosystems; and 4) integrated analyses of climate change, from causes to impacts, including impacts on energy production, use, and other human systems. 8. Biological Systems Science: The ability to address critical scientific questions in understanding complex biological systems via the integration of laboratory-specific research facilities, instrumentation and/or leadership-class computational systems, and individuals with expertise in biological systems research and related disciplines to advance DOE missions in energy, climate, and the environment. This unique combination of tools and people is the foundation for research of scale and breadth unmatched by other facilities world-wide, for example, on research that employs systems and synthetic biology and computational modeling approaches enabled by genome sequencing and functional characterization of microbes, plants, and biological communities relevant to 1) bioenergy production, 2) environmental contaminants processing, and 3) global carbon cycling and biosequestration and 4) fundamental research on radiochemistry tracers and the effects of low dose radiation exposure to the interactions between biological systems and the environment. 9. Environmental Subsurface Science: The ability to understand, predict and mitigate the impacts of environmental contamination from past nuclear weapons production and provide a scientific basis for the long-term stewardship of nuclear waste disposal via the integration of laboratory-specific research facilities, instrumentation and/or leadership-class computational systems, and multidisciplinary teams of individuals with expertise in environmental subsurface science and related disciplines. This unique combination of tools and expertise is the foundation for research of scale and integration unmatched by other environmental subsurface science activities world-wide, for example, on 1) linking research across scales from the molecular to field scale, 2) integration of advanced computer models into the research, and 3) multidisciplinary, iterative experimentation to understand and predict contaminant transport in complex subsurface environments. 10. Applied Mathematics: The ability to support basic research in the development of the mathematical models, computational algorithms and analytical techniques needed to enable science and engineering-based solutions of national problems in energy, the environment and national security, often through the application of highperformance computing. Laboratory Core Competencies in this area would involve a critical mass of worldFY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 234 leading researchers with recognized expertise and publications in such areas as linear algebra and nonlinear solvers, discretization and meshing, multi-scale mathematics, optimization, modeling of complex systems, and analysis methods (e.g., analysis of large-scale data, uncertainty quantification, and error analysis). 11. Advanced Computer Science, Visualization, and Data: The ability to have a widely-recognized role in advances in all applications in computational science and engineering. A core competency in these areas would involve a large pool of nationally and internationally recognized experts in areas such as programming languages, high-performance computing tools, peta- to exascale scientific data management and scientific visualization, distributed computing infrastructure, programming models for novel computer architectures, and automatic tuning for improving code performance, with unique and/or world-leading components in one or more of these areas. A core competency would also require access to (note: these resources do not need to be co-located) a high end computational facility with the resources to test and develop new tools, libraries, languages, etc. In addition, linkages to application teams in computational science and/or engineering of interest to the Department of Energy and/or the Department of Homeland Security would be beneficial to promptly address needs and requirements of those teams. 12. Computational Science: The ability to connect applied mathematics and computer science with research in scientific disciplines (e.g., biological sciences, chemistry, materials, physics, etc.). A core competency in this area would involve a large pool of nationally and internationally recognized experts in applied mathematics, computer science and in scientific domains with a proven record of effectively and efficiently utilizing high performance computing resources to obtain significant results in areas of science and/or engineering of interest to the Department of Energy and/or the Department of Homeland Security. The individual strengths in applied mathematics, computer science and in scientific domains in concert with the strength of the synergy between them is the critical element of this core competency. 13. Applied Nuclear Science and Technology: The ability to use a broad range of facilities, instrumentation, equipment and, often, interdisciplinary teams that apply the knowledge, data, methods, and techniques of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, and related accelerator physics to missions of the Departments of Energy and Homeland Security. The elements of this capability are often brought together in unique combinations with those of other disciplines to address high priority needs such as new and improved energy sources and systems; radioisotope production and advanced instrumentation for nuclear medicine; development of methods and systems to assure nonproliferation and combat terrorism; and environmental studies, monitoring, and remediation. 14. Applied Materials Science & Engineering: The ability to conduct theoretical, experimental, and computational research to fundamentally understand the science of materials with focus on the design, synthesis, prediction and measurement of structure/property relationships, the role of defects in controlling properties, and the performance of materials in hostile environments. The strong linkages with molecular science, engineering, and environmental science provides a basis for the development of materials that improve the efficiency, economy, environmental acceptability, and safety in energy generation, conversion, transmission, and utilization. Areas of research include nanoscale phenomena, x-ray and neutron scattering, electron and scanning probe microscopies, ultrafast materials science, physical and mechanical behavior of materials, radiation effects in materials, materials chemistry, and bimolecular materials. 15. Chemical Engineering: The ability to conduct applied chemical research that spans multiple scales from the molecular to macroscopic and from picoseconds, to years. Chemical engineering translates scientific discovery into transformational solutions for advanced energy systems and other U.S. needs related to environment, security, and national competitiveness. The strong linkages between molecular, biological, and materials sciences, engineering science, and separations, catalysis and other chemical conversions provide a basis for the development of chemical processes that improve the efficiency, economy, competitiveness, environmental acceptability, and safety in energy generation, conversion, and utilization. A core capability in chemical engineering would underpin R&D in various areas such as nanomanufacturing, process intensification, biomass utilization, radiochemical processing, high-efficiency clean combustion, and would generate innovative solutions in alternative energy systems, carbon management, energy-intensive industrial processing, nuclear fuel cycle development, and waste and environmental management. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 235 16. Systems Engineering and Integration: The ability to solve problems holistically from the concept and design phase to ultimate deliverable and completion phase, by synthesizing multiple disciplines, and to develop and implement optimal solutions. The ability to develop solutions that address issues of national energy and environmental security. Areas of application of this capability include development of programs in energy supply, storage, transportation, and efficiency; and deployment of novel solutions to materials and sensor problems in fields of interest to the Department of Energy and/or the Department of Homeland Security. 17. Large-Scale User Facilities/Advanced Instrumentation: The ability to conceive, design, construct and operate leading-edge specialty research user facilities. This includes the ability to manage effectively construction of $100 million or greater one-of-a-kind scientific facilities, and to host hundreds to thousands of U.S. and international users in addition to carrying out world-class research at the facility itself. The ability to conceive, design, build, operate and use first-in-class technical instruments intended for a particular research purpose, often requiring the material expertise of multiple scientific disciplines. Instrumentation that can be created by a small number of individuals or that would sit on a laboratory bench-top is not considered part of this core capability. FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 236 Appendix 2. List of DOE/NNSA/DHS Missions Scientific Discovery and Innovation (SC) 1. To develop mathematical descriptions, models, methods, and algorithms to accurately describe and understand the behavior of complex systems involving processes that span vastly different time and/or length scales. 2. To develop the underlying understanding and software to make effective use of computers at extreme scales. 3. To transform extreme scale data from experiments and simulations into scientific insight. 4. To advance key areas of computational science and discovery that further advance the missions of the Office of Science through mutually beneficial partnerships. 5. To deliver the forefront computational and networking capabilities to extend the frontiers of science. 6. To develop networking and collaboration tools and facilities that enable scientists worldwide to work together. 7. Discover and design new materials and molecular assemblies with novel structures, functions, and properties, and to create a new paradigm for the deterministic design of materials through achievement of atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule control 8. Conceptualize, calculate, and predict processes underlying physical and chemical transformations, tackling challenging real-world systems – for example, materials with many atomic constituents, with complex architectures, or that contain defects; systems that exhibit correlated emergent behavior; systems that are far from equilibrium; and chemistry in complex heterogeneous environments such as those occurring in combustion or the subsurface 9. Probe, understand, and control the interactions of phonons, photons, electrons, and ions with matter to direct and control energy flow in materials and chemical systems 10. Conceive, plan, design, construct, and operate scientific user facilities to probe the most fundamental electronic and atomic properties of materials at extreme limits of time, space, and energy resolution through x-ray, neutron, and electron beam scattering and through coherent x-ray scattering. Properties of anticipated new x-ray sources include the ability to reach to the frontier of ultrafast timescales of electron motion around an atom, the spatial scale of the atomic bond, and the energy scale of the bond that holds electrons in correlated motion with near neighbors 11. Foster integration of the basic research conducted in the program with research in NNSA and the DOE technology programs, the latter particularly in areas addressed by Basic Research Needs workshops supported by BES in the areas of the hydrogen economy, solar energy utilization, superconductivity, solid-state lighting, advanced nuclear energy systems, combustion of 21st century transportation fuels, electrical-energy storage, geosciences as it relates to the storage of energy wastes (the long-term storage of both nuclear waste and carbon dioxide), materials under extreme environments, and catalysis for energy applications. 12. Obtain new molecular-level insight into the functioning and regulation of plants, microbes, and biological communities to provide the science base for cost-effective production of next generation biofuels as a major secure national energy resource 13. Understand the relationships between climate change and Earth’s ecosystems, develop and assess options for carbon sequestration, and provide science to underpin a fully predictive understanding of the complex Earth system and the potential impacts of climate change on ecosystems 14. Understand the molecular behavior of contaminants in subsurface environments, enabling prediction of their fate and transport in support of long term environmental stewardship and development of new, science-based remediation strategies Understanding the role that biogeochemical processes play in controlling the cycling and mobility of materials in the subsurface and across key surface-subsurface interfaces in the environment enabling the prediction of their fate and transport. 15. Make fundamental discoveries at the interface of biology and physics by developing and using new, enabling technologies and resources for DOE’s needs in climate, bioenergy, and subsurface science 16. Operate scientific user facilities that provide high-throughput genomic sequencing and analysis; provide experimental and computational resources for the environmental molecular sciences; and resolve critical uncertainties about the role of clouds and aerosols in the prediction of climatic process 17. Advance the fundamental science of magnetically confined plasmas to develop the predictive capability needed for a sustainable fusion energy source FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 237 18. Support the development of the scientific understanding required to design and deploy the materials needed to support a burning plasma environment 19. Pursue scientific opportunities and grand challenges in high energy density plasma science to explore the feasibility of the inertial confinement approach as a fusion energy source, to better understand our universe, and to enhance national security and economic competitiveness 20. Increase the fundamental understanding of basic plasma science, including both burning plasma and low temperature plasma science and engineering, to enhance economic competitiveness, and to create opportunities for a broader range of science-based applications 21. Understand the properties and interactions of the elementary particles and fundamental forces of nature from studies at the highest energies available with particle accelerators 22. Understand the fundamental symmetries that govern the interactions of elementary particles from studies of rare or very subtle processes, requiring high intensity particle beams, and/or high precision, ultra-sensitive detectors. 23. Obtain new insight and new information about elementary particles and fundamental forces from observations of naturally occurring processes -- those which do not require particle accelerators 24. Conceive, plan, design, construct, and operate forefront scientific user facilities to advance the mission of the program and deliver significant results. 25. Steward a national accelerator science program with a strategy that is drawn from an inclusive perspective of the field; involves stakeholders in industry, medicine and other branches of science; aims to maintain core competencies and a trained workforce in this field; and meets the science needs of the SC community 26. Foster integration of the research with the work of other organizations in DOE, in other agencies and in other nations to optimize the use of the resources available in achieving scientific goals 27. To search for yet undiscovered forms of nuclear matter and to understand the existence and properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, including that which existed at the beginning of the universe 28. Understand how protons and neutrons combine to form atomic nuclei and how these nuclei have emerged during the 13.7 billion years since the origin of the cosmos. 29. Understand the fundamental properties of the neutron and the neutrino, and how these illuminate the matterantimatter asymmetry of the universe and physics beyond the Standard Model. 30. Conceive, plan, design, construct, and operate forefront national scientific user facilities for scientific and technical advances which advance the understanding of nuclear matter and result in new competencies and innovation. To develop new detector and accelerator technologies that will advance NP mission priorities 31. Provide stewardship of isotope production and technologies to advance important applications, research and tools for the nation. 32. Foster integration of the research with the work of other organizations in DOE, such as in next generation nuclear reactors and nuclear forensics, and in other agencies and nations to optimize the use of the resources available in achieving scientific goals. 33. Increase the pipeline of talent pursuing research important to the Office of Science 34. Leveraging the unique opportunities at DOE national laboratories to provide mentored research experiences to undergraduate students and faculty) 35. Increase participation of under-represented students and faculty in STEM programs 36. Improve methods of evaluation of effectiveness of programs and impact on STEM workforce Energy Security (ES) 1. Supply - Solar 2. Supply - Nuclear 3. Supply - Hydro 4. Supply - Wind 5. Supply - Geothermal 6. Supply - Natural gas 7. Supply - Coal 8. Supply - Bioenergy/Biofuels 9. Supply - Carbon capture and storage 10. Distribution - Electric Grid 11. Distribution - Hydrogen and Gas Infrastructure FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 238 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Distribution - Liquid Fuels Use - Industrial Technologies (including efficiency and conservation) Use - Advanced Building Systems (including efficiency and conservation) Use - Vehicle Technologies (including efficiency and conservation) Energy Systems Assessment/Optimization Environmental Management (EM) 1. Facility D&D 2. Groundwater and Soil Remediation 3. Waste Processing National Security (NNSA) 1. Stockpile Stewardship and Nuclear Weapons Infrastructure 2. Nonproliferation 3. Nuclear Propulsion Homeland Security (HS) 1. Border Security 2. Cargo Security 3. Chemical/Biological Defense 4. Cyber Security 5. Transportation Security 6. Counter-IED 7. Incident Management 8. Information Sharing 9. Infrastructure Protection 10. Interoperability 11. Maritime Security 12. Human Factors FY 2013 Office of Science Laboratory Plans 239
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