8.1-8.3 WORKSHEET Section 8.1 вЂ“ Identifying DNA as the Genetic Material KEY CONCEPT - DNA was identified as the genetic material through a series of experiments MAIN IDEA: Griffith finds a вЂњtransforming principle.вЂќ Write the results of GriffithвЂ™s experiments in the boxes below Experiments 1. Injected healthy mice with R type bacteria Results (what happened to the mice?) 2. Injected healthy mice with S type bacteria 3. Heat-killed the S type bacteria and then injected them into healthy mice 4. Mixed the S heat-killed with R type bacteria and then injected both of them into healthy mice. The mice died. Found live S type bacteria in the healthy mice 5. Which type of bacteria caused the deadly disease, the S type or the R type? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What was вЂњtransformedвЂќ in Griffiths experiment? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What conclusions did Griffith make based on his experimental results? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What were the three tests that Dr. Avery did that added to Dr. GriffithвЂ™s experiment? a. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What was the conclusion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Describe what Dr. Hershey and Dr. Chase did, what was their experiment about? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What was the conclusion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 8.2 вЂ“ Structure of DNA KEY CONCEPT - DNA structure is the same in all organisms MAIN IDEA: DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides. VOCABULARY Nucleotide Double helix Base Pairing Rules 1. In the space at right, draw a nucleotide and label its three parts using words and arrows. 2. How many types of nucleotides are present in DNA? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which parts are the same in all nucleotides? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which part is different in all nucleotides? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ MAIN IDEA: Nucleotides always pair in the same way 5. What nucleotide pairs with T? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What nucleotide pairs with C? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. In the space below, draw a DNA double helix. Label the sugar-phosphate backbone, the nitrogen-containing bases, and the hydrogen bonds Section 8.2 вЂ“ Structure of DNA Parts of the DNA molecule Overall shape 14. Nitrogencontaining bases Pyrimidines 17. Purines Backbone 15. 18. 16. 19. 20. 21. Base pairing rules: A pairs with T G pairs with C Types of bonding 22 23. ChargaffвЂ™s rules: 24. Draw the complementary DNA strand Section 8.3 вЂ“ DNA Replication KEY CONCEPT - DNA structure is the same in all organisms MAIN IDEA: Proteins carry out the process of replication VOCABULARY Replication DNA Polymerase DNA replication copies the genetic information of a cell 1. What is DNA replication? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does DNA replication take place in a eukaryotic cell? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. When is DNA replicated during the cell cycle? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. If one strand of DNA had the sequence TAGGTAC, what would be the sequence of the complementary DNA strand? . __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What roles do proteins play in DNA replication? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What must be broken for the DNA strand to separate? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Why DNA replication is called semiconservative? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Use words and diagrams to summarize the steps of replication, in order, in the boxes below. 8. 9. 10. MAIN IDEA: Replication is fast and accurate 11. Human chromosomes have hundreds of origins of replications, where the DNA is unzipped so replication can begin. 12. DNA polymerase has a proofreading function that enables it to detect errors and correct them. 13. Why is DNA replication described as semiconservative? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What are two major functions that DNA polymerase performs? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.3- DNA Replication Match the following with the diagram below: 15. ______ Pairing of nitrogen-containing bases 16. ______ Sugar-phosphate backbone 17. ______ Newly synthesized strand of DNA 18. ______ Nitrogen-containing bases 19. ______ DNA polymerase