Presentation

SSUSH 9
b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers,
such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William
T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
Battle for Atlanta.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Bell Ringer

Examine the
Photo:
1.
2.
3.
Who is the
woman?
Who are the
two men?
What is ironic
about the
picture?
Essential Question 6

What was the significance of the Emancipation
Proclamation?

Example:
[EQ Goes Here]
I believe that the
significance of the
Emancipation Proclamation
was…blah blah, blah.
I believe this because…blah
blah blah, blah blah [in other
words, the evidence for your
belief]
•Simply read the
Emancipation Proclamation
and/or the commentary
handout and formulate your
own opinion
•The more serious you take
this the better your answer will
be
Essential Question - 5

What efforts did President Lincoln make to preserve the Union
during the Civil War?

Examine:
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Second Inaugural Address
Gettysburg Speech
Use of emergency powers
such as the suspension
of habeas corpus
[EQ Goes Here]
Effort
2nd Inaugural
Address
Gettysburg
Speech
Emancipation Proclamation
Suspension of
Habeas Corpus
•On the Back of Page 5
•Evaluate the character
of Abraham Lincoln
•Saint or Sinner?
Emancipation
Proclamation
Description
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March
4, 1865

During his inauguration at the start of his second term as President of
the United States

Lincoln did not speak of happiness, but of sadness

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Some see this speech as a defense of his pragmatic approach to Reconstruction, in
which he sought to avoid harsh treatment of the defeated South by reminding his
listeners of how wrong both sides had been in imagining what lay before them when the
war began four years earlier.
Lincoln balanced that rejection of triumphalism, however, with a
recognition of the unmistakable evil of slavery, which he described in
the most concrete terms possible
Unbeknownst to him, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, George
Atzerodt, Lewis Paine, John Surratt and Edmund Spangler, a few of the
conspirators involved with his assassination were present in the crowd
at the inauguration.
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)


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The writs of habeas corpus are a person’s right not to be
imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial
Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop
anyone from supporting the Confederate cause and to
prevent those who encouraged others to resist the draft
(conscription)
The suspension
of habeas corpus
was the result of
draft riots in many
northern cities
Emancipation Proclamation


Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at
Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September
1862.
The Proclamation:



freed only those
slaves in the states
in rebellion
did not free the slaves
in the border states
gave the Union
Army another reason
to fight: the
liberation of slaves
Which slave states were
unaffected by the Proclamation?
Why did Lincoln plan this?
Gettysburg Address

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
In November 1863,
Lincoln gave his now
famous speech at
Gettysburg to dedicate
the Gettysburg National
Cemetery
Lincoln used the speech
to redefine the purpose of
fighting the war: the
reunification of the Union
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speech
es/gettysburgaddress.htm
Lincoln: Saint or Sinner?
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After all is said and done – how do
you feel about Lincoln?
Has your opinion of Lincoln changed
in any way?
Do you feel like you’ve been duped?
Bamboozled? Hoodwinked?
Essential Question - 7
1.
Who were Ulysses Grant, Robert Lee, “Stonewall”
Jackson, William Sherman, and Jefferson Davis? What
roles did each play in the Civil War?
Essential Q
Goes Here
Grant
Lee
Jackson
Sherman
Davis
The Civil War (1861-1865)

The Civil War starts:

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With increased tension between
the North and the South (Slavery
and sectionalism issues)
South Carolina secedes from the
Union in December 1860 after
Lincoln is elected President
By June 1861, ten Southern states
had seceded
Many of the early battles were
Union losses, or fought to a draw
Jefferson Davis



Was the first and only
President of the
Confederate States of
America (1861-1865)
Appointed Robert E. Lee
commander of Army of
Northern Virginia in 1862
Captured in Georgia, in
1865
Ulysses Grant (Union-North)
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Had early success fighting in the
west (TN, LA, MS)
Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the
Union control of the Mississippi
River
Lincoln promoted him to
commander of the entire Union
Army in 1864
Fights Lee in a series of battles
ending in Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox in 1865
Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South)
-
Resigned from the US Army to fight for
the Confederacy: was against slavery but
didn’t want to fight against the South
-
Named commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia in 1862
-
Lee invades Maryland (1862) and loses a
major battle at Antietam, forcing him to
retreat back into Virginia
-
After two major victories against the
Union, Lee again decided to invade the
North, this time into Gettysburg (PA)
where he lost a 3 day battle to the
Union: after the loss, Confederate forces
had to remain on the defensive for the
rest of the war
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
(Confederacy-South)

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Played a major role in defeating the
Union Army at the first major battle
of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss
at Bull Run made the Union realize
that it would be a prolonged war
Fought with Lee at Antietam
Helped defeat the Union Army at
Fredericksburg (1862) and
Chancellorsville (1863)
Was accidently shot at night by his
own men at Chancellorsville and died
8 days later
William Sherman (Union-North)
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Fought with Grant at Vicksburg
Named Union Commander of the West
(1864)
Attacked and destroyed the city of
Atlanta, a major southern railroad
center, in the fall of 1864
The victory helped Lincoln secure the
political support that allowed him to be
reelected in 1864
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg,
Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta.
What were the importance / significance of each of the
following Civil War battles: Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg,
Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta?


Example:
[EQ Goes Here]
Sumter
•The Name of the
Battle goes here
Antietam
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Atlanta
•The importance of the
Battle goes here
Major Battles of the Civil War
Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC

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Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is
surrounded after South Carolina secedes in December
1860
Lincoln will not evacuate or send
the Navy to defend, but sends
supplies to the fort, or as he
said, “food for hungry men”.
The Union refused to surrender the
fort and Jefferson Davis orders
Southern troops to bombard it.
After 33 hours the garrison
surrendered, starting the Civil War
Antietam: September 1862
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Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would
convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British,
and find food for his men
The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest oneday battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded)
Lee is forced to retreat
back into Virginia
The Union victory led
Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation
Proclamation
What might have happened if
Lee defeated the Union Army
at Antietam?
Gettysburg (VA): July 1st - 3rd 1863

Lee again decided to invade
the North in hopes that the
North would settle for peace


On July 2nd, Lee ordered an
attack, known as
“Pickett’s Charge” on the
Union forces
The South loses 7,000 men
in under 30 minutes of
fighting
Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked
the North?
What were the results?
Gettysburg (VA): July 1st-3rd 1863

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Lee retreated from the battlefield on July 4th, having lost
1/3 of his entire fighting force
The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and
strengthened
the will of the
North to
continue
the fight
Why do you think
Gettysburg is considered
the turning point of the
war?
Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863
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By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major
Confederate stronghold on the
Mississippi River
Grant launched a siege of the city in
May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply
and placing it under constant
bombardment
The Confederate forces surrender
July 4th 1863, which gave the
Union complete control of the
Mississippi River and cut the
Confederacy in half
Which Confederate states were isolated
from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?
Battle for Atlanta: August 1864
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Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a
major railroad center in the South
He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began
to burn and destroy everything of military value
Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the
Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political
strength
Essential Question 11


How did the economic disparity
between the North and South affect the
growing tensions between the two?
How did this disparity affect the war?

Include an examination of population,
functioning railroads, and industrial
output.

Interpret the information on the following
slide to answer EQ 11
Northern and Southern Resources

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