VII. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on NUCLEAR
STRUCTURE PROPERTIES
October 27-29, 2014
Sinop,Turkey
Sponsors
TAEK (Turkish Atomic Energy Foundation)
Sinop University
TUBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)
1
Honorary Committee
Yavuz Selim KÖŞGER (Governor of Sinop)
Prof.Dr. Recep BİRCAN (President of Sinop University)
Zafer ALPER (President of TAEK)
2
Scientific Committee
Prof.Dr. İhsan ULUER, Karabük University
Prof.Dr. Gülsen ÖNENGÜT, Çukurova University
Prof.Dr. Nurullah KUMRU, Ege University
Prof.Dr. Ömer YAVAŞ, Ankara University
Prof.Dr. Salim ORAK, İstanbul Commerce University
Prof.Dr. Cevad SELAM, Muş Alparslan University
Prof.Dr. Osman ÖZCAN, Muş Alparslan University
Prof.Dr. Atalay KÜÇÜKBURSA, Dumlupınar University
Prof.Dr. Saim SELVİ, Ege University
Prof.Dr. Murat ÖZER, Kırklareli University
Prof.Dr. Ali ÇOBAN, Kırklareli University
Prof.Dr. Saleh SULTANSOY, TOBB University of Economics and Technology
Prof.Dr. Osman YILMAZ, Middle East Technical University
Prof.Dr. Sefa ERTÜRK, Niğde University
Prof.Dr. Hasan GÜMÜŞ, Ondokuz Mayıs University
Prof.Dr. Nazmi Turan OKUMUŞOĞLU, Ondokuz Mayıs University
Prof.Dr. Mahmut DOĞRU, Bitlis Eren University
Prof.Dr. Güneş TANIR, Gazi University
Prof.Dr. Rıza OĞUL, Selçuk University
Prof.Dr. Tahsin BABACAN, Celal Bayar University
Prof.Dr. İsmail MARAŞ, Celal Bayar University
Prof.Dr. Recep AKKAYA, Sakarya University
Prof.Dr. Mustafa HALİLSOY, Doğu Akdeniz University
Prof.Dr. İsmail BOZTOSUN, Akdeniz University
Prof.Dr. A. Hakan YILMAZ, Karadeniz Technical University
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nihal BÜYÜKÇİZMECİ, Selçuk University
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nurettin TÜRKAN, İstanbul Medeniyet University
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Harun Reşit YAZAR, Nevşehir University
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mahmut BÖYÜKATA, Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart University
3
Local Organizing Committee
Assoc.Prof.Dr. C. Cüneyt ERSANLI
Sinop University
Assist.Prof.Dr. Tuncay BAYRAM
Sinop University
Assist.Prof.Dr. Serkan AKKOYUN
Cumhuriyet University
Assist.Prof.Dr. Necla ÇAKMAK
Karabük University
Assist.Prof.Dr. S. Okan KARA
Niğde University
Assist.Prof.Dr. Ayhan KARA
Sinop University
Res.Assist. Onur Rauf YILMAZ
Sinop University
4
Invited Speakers
Prof.Dr. Ali EKBER KULİEV (The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, AZERBAIJAN)
Prof.Dr. Cevad SELAM (Muş Alparslan University, TURKEY)
Prof.Dr. Erol ARCAKLIOGLU (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)
Prof.Dr. İsmail BOZTOSUN (Akdeniz University, TURKEY)
Prof.Dr. Jameel-Un NABI (Gulham Ishak Khan Institute, PAKISTAN)
Prof.Dr. Osman YILMAZ (Middle East Technical University, TURKEY)
Prof.Dr. Takhmasib M. ALİEV (Middle East Technical University, TURKEY)
Dr. Lorenzo FORTUNATO (Padova University, ITALY)
Salih SARI (The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey)
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cultures. It’s fascinated with its both natural and cultural
richness.
Sinop: Land of Secret Treasures
There is a peninsula in this fascinating peninsula,
on the north, named Sinop. Sinop peninsula has a smaller
peninsula named Boztepe Peninsula. Boztepe Peninsula is
connected with a narrow land bridge to Sinop Peninsula.
There is a town whose name is same as name of the
peninsula: Sinop, or Sinope in English.
A town at the end of Turkey
When I came Sinop at first time, the road of the town was
lost, as if it couldn’t be reached. The bus was floating in sea
of green on the mountains.. There was only serenity in this
forgetten landscape. All tones of green covered the
mountain. It was spring, and be sure I don’t mention about
first ages of the humankind. I saw a town at the end of that
endless road. The road was ended in Sinop and Sinop looked
like a far end of the land and friend of the sea. It was just
nine years ago and the road I mentioned is more alone
nowadays! New road of Sinop is crossing the mountains by
a tunnel, so the old and hard road on the montains was put in
memoirs.
The old road I used in first visit to Sinop in 2005
was the main road. It connected Sinop to rest of Turkey.
You had to be patient to travel on this route!
The second route to Sinop comes from eastern part
of town, from the direction of Samsun. There was also hard
mountain pass on this route.
These two routes and the other one, which comes
from western side and still terrible, were ended Sinop. So, as
you understand, Sinop was not a Rome where every road
meets each other. Sinop is still at the end of land, not on
main routes. It is bordered by unpassible mountains, maybe
it’s best to say prisoned between unpassible mountains and
the Black Sea. The condition of unaccessiblity had been
building Sinop. The reason why this small town and its
environs are unurbanized, unindustrialized, on the other
hand sacred and secret…
A view from Sinop (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Greek mythology said that, Zeus, main god of
ancient Greek pantheon, had loved a beautiful Godess
Sinope. She wanted from Zeus to keep her virginity. Zeus
accepted and put her in a special and beautiful landscape.
Guess where Zeus put Godess Sinope in?
Sinop have been a sea town during the history. The
mountains sealed, it was not passible. That’s why Sinop was
isolated from Anatolia. This isolation made the city as an
exile place and prisoner. In addition that The Crimean War
(1853-1856) was influnced the city negatively.
The road connections of Sinop has been developing
for a few years. The other important step is the possibility of
air transportation. Those kinds of transportation advantages
help Sinop to become a new touristic destination in Turkish
tourism market. Sinop is really excited domestic tourists due
to most of the Turks haven’t seen and even known Sinop. It
was unknown geography, an isolated small town for
centuries even in Turkey! And suddenly a soap opera, was
broadcasted a few years in a Turkish television channel,
which had filmed in historical Sinop prison that was brought
Sinop to most of the house in Turkey: There was a secret,
small town in Turkey; secret town and sacred nature near it!
I said “a kingdom by the sea” for Sinop as an famous poem
says somewhere else in dreamland.
As a result, Sinop became an important destination
in Turkish tourism market. People would like to know what
Sinop looks like?.. Would you like to know what Sinop
looks like?..
Head of Godess Sinope in Sinop Museum (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
A marvellous peninsula in a marvellous peninsula
One Province, Two World
Anatolia is a peninsula among old continental world, so it
has been a bridge for all kind of plants, animals, people and
Sinop Province, where on the north of Turkey and
coast of Black Sea, is one of the smallest provinces of
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Turkey. The morphology of the province is mostly
mountaned and population density is lower. Northern
Anatolian Mountain Range is laid paralel wall to Black Sea,
seperates northern and southern part of province. This
seperation is not only geographical, also cultural. Southern
part of the mountains belongs to terrestrial Anatolia about
cultural aspects. Northern part of mountains has different
cultural structure.
Sinop City
Sinop is one of the important towns of ancient word. The
history of the town is very old but not that clear. Its name
was Sinuwa in Hittite tablets. But it is not clear Sinuwa is in
completly same place in modern Sinop. The town was
colonized by Miletus, an Ionian city state on Aegean Coast
in seventh century BC. Sinop had been important port town
during the ancient period. Most walls of the actual Sinop
Castle are from this period.
There are three counties of the province, Boyabat,
Durağan and Saraydüzü in this southern part. Geography,
plant cover and culture of this part are different from coastal
zone. Boyabat is the biggest town of this zone. It is brick
industry center. Gökırmak River that one of the creek of the
longest river of Turkey, Kızılırmak which flows in this zone.
Because of that Gökırmak Plain is an important rice fields.
Diogenes of Sinope, famous cynic philosopher
borned in Sinop in ancient era. It is estimated that he was
born in 413 BC and died in 324. He went to Athens with his
father when he was a child. He is most known representative
of cynics. There is a statue of him in Sinop.
Northern part of the mountains has been in the
influence of the sea as biological and cultural. But due to
disadvantages of transportation during the history, that part
of the province has not been developed economically. This
condition caused to immigration. Fishery, agriculture and
forestry have been important economic activities of this part
during the history. Sinop is an important fishery center in
Turkey today. Sinop, Erfelek, Ayancık, Türkeli, Gerze and
Dikmen are counties of the province in this part.
The new road which passes the mountain wall by a
tunnel connected two side of the province easily. And the
airport was opened for domestic flights again. So
accesibility of Sinop city become easier for last 5-6 years.
The aim of the Sinop is to develop tourism and become a
university town.
Some Landscapes From Sinop
Sinop has a lot of impressive landscapes. It is possible to see
in photographs of them on different web sites. Most of them
is important for biodiversity. Some of them are combined
with historical landscapes.
Diogenes Statue in Sinop (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
There are a lot of Mediterranean trees, shrubs and
other plant live in Sinop. This fact is amazing and makes
more important to Sinop.
Another important figure of ancient era from Sinop
is Pontus King Mithridates Eupator (120-63 BC). He
stopped Rome Empire in Anatolia for a while.
There are lots of impressive mountain vistas,
coastal vistas, forests, valleys, highlands, caves, waterfalls,
lakes and ponds, wetlands, dunes, rockies, castles,
rockthombs in the province. I can mention just a few places
following…
Ancient Sinop is in beneath the modern city. Some
ruins can be seen on the land as walls of castle, ancient
Serapis Temple, Balats site including a church, cisterns etc.
You can see archeological objects in Sinop Archeological
Museum. Serapis Temple, was excavated, is in Sinop
Archeological Museum’s garden. Temple and its environ
was used cemetery for Muslims. You can also see most of
the gravestones of Seljukian and Ottoman period. Museum
has a good collection include sculptures, tombs, coins,
mosaics, Orthodox icons and different daily life objects
from ancient era. The second museum is Sinop is
Etnographic Museum in an Ottoman mansion.
Many civilizations lived in Sinop before Turkish
era like Cimmerians, Lydians, Greeks, Persians. Turkish
first had Sinop in 1084. Sinop is a part of Seljukian Turkish
State in 1214. Seljukian built a keep in the castle in 1214.
Ottoman Empire had the city in 1461.
Sinop was an important shipyard center before and
during Turkish sovereignty until Paris Convention in 1856.
A view from Sinop Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
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Shipyard was in Seljukian keep. Russian navy attacked to
Ottoman navy in Sinop harbour in 1853. Ottoman navy
defeated. Russian ship bombed the town. This happen was
the start of sharp declining of Sinop. Ottoman, Britain,
France and Sardinia fought against to Russia. At the and of
war, Ottoman Empire closed shipyards in Black Sea by Paris
Convention in 1856. It was the end of burnt Sinop!
You can see the fountain built in memory of
Ottoman naval martyries in Tersane district of town and
martyrdom in the garden of Archeological Museum. The
other marks of war are artilliries and cannon balls which are
in Archeological Museum in Sinop. You can also visit old
artillery batteries named “Paşa Tabyaları”.
Seyit Bilal Mosque and historical cemetery (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
After Paris Convention ended Sinop shipyard in
keep, the prison was built there that would be famous and
called “Sinop Historical Prison” in 1887. The prisoner in
keep used in nearly 110 years. Some authors, poets,
journalist, who were dissidents, lived in Sinop in late
Ottoman and early republic period. Some of them were
prisoner in prison, most of them were exile in Sinop town.
There lots of memoirs, letters, stories, novels and poems
from them in modern Turkish literature. Sinop Historical
Prison is most known and visited touristic place of Sinop.
Please don’t leave from Sinop without visit historical prison.
You will see only stone walls and iron bars! Listen them
carefully!
Sinop Castle is the canditate for UNESCO World
Heritage!
A view from Sinop Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
İnceburun
İnceburun is the northest point of Turkey. There is a light
house on foreland. Serenity and maybe dolphins are waiting
for you there. I advice you to watch sunset in a clear weather
in İnceburun. If it is not possible, watch sunset in Kumkapı
in city center, on the wall on castle.
An exhibition and a lecture in Sinop Historical Prison. One of old
political prisoners and poet Sezai Sarıoğlu is talking about Sinop
prison where he stayed (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
There ara many historical buildings in the town.
One of them is Balatlar excavation area. It is a part of
ancient Sinop. You can see the chapel in this complex.
Seyit Bilal, an Islamic complex which contains
mosque and Muslim cemetery, is on the hill of town. The
best Vista point of Sinop is on top of Seyit Bilal, in Boztepe.
You can see the whole of town and two sides of the sea from
there.
Some mosques, walls of castle, historical library
building, old houses, handcrafts bazaar in historical
madrasa, village baazar in the central bazaar are the other
visiting places in the town.
Light House in İnceburun (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
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Erfelek Waterfalls
Erfelek forests are yellowed in these days. My favorite tree
in these forests is beach. Autumn in Erfelek forests also
means chestnut time. Taste it! There are waterfalls more
than twenty in Erfelek. Please notice there a picnic place and
nature walking. Take care of damp stones!
İnaltı Cave in Ayancık (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Gerze
Gerze is another nice coastal town in Sinop. Visit Yakupağa
Mansion and sculpture of a special cock of Gerze named
“Hacıkadı Cock”.
Sarıkum
The most important nature protection area of Sinop. The site
consists lake, forest, dunes and beach. You can see four
different ecosytem types in a small ares. Good for
birdwatching and walking in the forest. Don’t missed in the
forest!
A view from Erfelek waterfalls (Photo: Alpay Tırıl)
Çangal Mountain
Another good forest is in Çangal Mountain, in back of
Ayancık. There is an artificial lake named Akgöl on the
mountain. Also İnaltı Cave is near there. Take care of bear!
By the way, Ayancık is a nice coastal town.
A view from Sarıkum Lake (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Hamsilos
A good looking small bay. There are thousands of that kind
of bays in Mediterannean and Aegean coast of Turkey. Bu
there is not the second one on Black Sea Coasts!
Akliman
A Long beach. Be careful about rip flow if you swim there.
Boyabat Castle
Crown of Boyabat Town! It sees all valley and plain. But do
not suppose that you can reach clouds when you go there!
There is tunnel, which goes down stream, to bottom of
mountain. Hold railing and be careful if you would like to
cross this tunnel!
A view from Akgöl, Ayancık (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
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Boyabat Castle (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Famous Turkish Poet Ahmet Muhip Dıranas built a wood house in
his fathers village in Erfelek mountains (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Boyabat Basalt Rocks
These beautiful rock formations are in an important nature
park.
I special thanks to my dear colleague, English Lecturer of
Sinop University, Işık Dağdeviren to edit my awful English
in this text.
Assist. Prof. Dr. Alpay TIRIL
Sinop University
School of Tourism and Hotel Management
(Sinop, October 16-17, 2014)
Basalt Rocks in Boyabat (Photo: Alpay Tırıl).
Ahmet Muhip Dıranas
This name does not refere a place! He is very famous
Turkish poets who is originally from Sinop. He lived
between 1908-1980. By the way, if you go to Erfelek, visit
his father’s village and see poet’s wood house there. İt is in
marvellous forest.
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INVITED TALKS
11
Fine Structure and Nature of Pygmy Dipol Resonance in Well Deformed Nuclei
Ali GULİYEV
The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Bina-1045 Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
In present lecture the E1 response of the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in deformed nuclei below the nucleon
threshold was studied. By now, there have been several calculations dealing with PDR excitations in a number of
deformed nuclei. No systematic study on a number of well deformed nuclei in the energy range up to the particle
threshold has been performed so far. The results presented have been obtained using he model described in [1]. Here,
by selecting suitable separable effective forces, the translational and Galilean invariance are restored for the
calculation of E1 excitations without introducing additional parameters. The model permit a direct comparison with
experimental dipole strength distributions deduced from (,). The numerical calculations have been carried out for
the even-even semi-magic N=82 nuclei with moderate deformation and well deformed rare earth and actinide isotope
susing method developed in [1]. For semi-magic N=82 nuclei we use deformed mean field basis for proton system.
This study aims to calculate the B(E1) strength distributions and the dependence of the EWSR and NEWSR of B(E1)
value on the N/Z forthe PDR mode. Especially strength properties of the pygmy dipole resonance are investigated and
discussed their contribution to the 6-9MeV energy region. In this energy region calculation predicts spin-flip M1
resonances with K=0 and K=1. Indeed their summed width is two order weak than the summed width of the 1- states
forming PDR at this energy region and shown smoothly background and do not concurrences with PDR. Analysis
shows that the models which use the Hamiltonian with broken translational symmetry over estimate about 20% the
EWSR of E1 strength and the 1- states are weakly collective in energy region of PDR. Besides we observe that in
deformed nuclei, apart from the isovector dipole–dipole interactions, the presence of the effective restoring forces in
the Hamiltonian causes the splitting of the some states forming GDR with large B(El) strengths in to more levels and
changes the distribution of the summed B(El) value at the entire spectrum over 6 MeV.
References
1. E.Guliyev, A.Kuliev, M.Guner Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 8(6) (2010) 961-969
12
Çekirdek Fiziğinde Pyatov Yöntemi ve Uygulamaları
Cevad SELAM
Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, İİBF, İşletme Bölümü, Muş, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Atom çekirdekleri çok parçacıklı bir sistem olduğu için (parçacık sayısı üçten fazla olan çekirdekler) bu sistemin
hareket denkleminin kesin olarak çözülmesi mümkünsüzdür. Diğer taraftan atom çekirdeklerindeki parçacık sayısı
istatistik yöntemin kullanılması için de yeterli değildir. Bu nedenle çekirdek fiziğinde ortalama alan potansiyeli
yöntemi kullanılmağa başlanmıştır. Söz konusu mikroskobik yöntemle çekirdeğin birçok özellikleri açıklana bilmiştir.
Bu model özellikle çekirdekteki kolektif uyarma spektrumundaki Dev Rezonansların izah edilmesinde başarılı
olmuştur. Fakat Dev Rezonansların izahı için çekirdek Hamilton operatörüne etkin etkileşme teriminin eklenmesi
gerekir ki, bu da en azından bir tane ilave parametrenin varlığına neden olur.
1970'li yıllarda Rus bilim adamı N.I. Pyatov ve arkadaşları yeni bir yöntem geliştirdiler [1-3]. Bu yönteme
göre çekirdek spektrumundaki Dev Rezonansların izahı için Hamilton operatörüne ilave edilen etkin etkileşme
teriminin içerdiği güç parametresi serbest parametre olmaktan çıkar ve onun değeri öz uyumlu bir biçimde teoriye
dayanılarak bulunur.
Bu çalışmada Pyatov yöntemi orijinal bir biçimde anlatılacak ve söz konusu yöntemin başarıyla uygulandığı
alanlardan (Dev Elektrik Dipol Rezonansı, Dev Manyetik Dipol Rezonansı, İsobar Analog Rezonans vb gibi) söz
edilecektir.
Kaynaklar
1. Gabrakov S.I. , Kuliev A.A. and Pyatov N.I., Iπ=1+ States in even-even deformed nuclei, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 12, 82,
1970
2. Kuliev A.A. and Pyatov N.I., Iπ=1+ States and their contributions to the isoscalar E2- resonance, Sov. J. Nucl.
Phys., 20, 297, 1971
3. Pyatov N.I. and Salamaov J.I., Conservation laws and collective excitations in nuclei, Nucleonica, 22, 127, 1977
13
Contribution of Akdeniz University to Experimental Nuclear Physics Research and Application in
Turkey: The Results of First Photonuclear Reaction and Photofission
İsmail BOZTOSUN1,2,*
1
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Antalya, Turkey
2
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Antalya, Turkey
http://nukleer.akdeniz.edu.tr
Email: [email protected]
By using an electron accelerator with 18 MeV electron beam energy and gamma rays available in Akdeniz University
Nuclear Sciences Application and Research Center, we have contributed to many nuclear physics research fields in
Turkey such as agriculture and foodstuffs, engineering sciences, health and medicine as well as research and
development studies. In this talk, I will present our recent results on (𝛾, 𝑛) and (𝛾, 𝑝) photo-nuclear reactions and
photo-fission of heavy nuclei such as Thorium, Uranium and Americium. It should be noted that these results were
performed for the first time in Turkey by our scientist, machinery and equipment as well as locally prepared targets at
Akdeniz University.
* On behalf of the members of Akdeniz Üniversitesi Nükleer Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.
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Stellar U1F Beta Decay Rates for R-Process Calculations
Jameel-Un NABI
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]&[email protected]
In astrophysica lenvironments, allowed Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions are important, particularly for β-decay rates in
presupernova evolution of massive stars, since they contribute to the fine-tuning of the lepton-to-baryon content of the
stellar matter prior to and during the collapse of a heavy star. In environments where GT transitions are unfavored,
first-forbidden transitions become important especially in medium heavy and heav ynuclei. Particularly in case of
neutron-rich nuclei, first-forbidden transitions are favored primarily due to the phase-space amplification for these
transitions. In this work the total β-decay half-lives and the first-forbidden β-decay rates for a number of neutron-rich
nickel isotopes,
72-78
Ni, are calculated using the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phasea pproximation (pn-
QRPA) theory for the first time in stellar matter. The pn-QRPA results agree reasonably well with experiments.
15
Nuclear Energy Agenda of Turkey and ATMEA1 Design
Salih SARI
The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Ankara, Turkey
www.enerji.gov.tr
Email: [email protected]
Turkey attaches importance to diversification in energy supply sources and technologies for improving security of
supply and for decreasing the risks emerging from dependency to imported fuels. Enabling and fostering integration
of nuclear energy to the energy system is also an important aspect of our energy policies. In this context, Turkey has
initiated extensive programme on nuclear power that includes three NPPs in short and medium terms.
In this presentation, I will give a brief information about current status of nuclear power in the world and plans
for new nuclear reactors worldwide, main reasons for selection of nuclear energy by Turkey, nuclear power plant
projects and ATMEA1 design selected for Sinop nuclear power plant, respectively.
16
Nuclear Instabilities and Baryon Density Correlation Functions
Osman YILMAZ
PhysicsDepartment, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The neutron stars resulted from the gravitational collapse of a massive star are composed of matter at (1  5) 0
densities, but the density in the crust of neutron star is about (0.3  0.5) 0 . Liquid-gas mixture can exist at very low
temperatures (0.5 MeV) in the crusts of neutron star and at 5-10 MeV temperatures in supernovae. Such hot nuclear
matter is observed in heavy-ion.
Hot nuclear matter occuring just after the heavy-ion collisions expands and cools down to have sub-saturation
densities. At a critical density and temperature that is called the spinodal region (domain of negative in
compressibility and of mechanically instability of uniform matter), the spinodal instabilities grow fast and nuclear
matter breaks into several massive fragments that is to be expected a signal of the liquid-gas phase transition of
nuclear matter. Observations point the existence of a liquid-gas phase transition for nuclear system at densities below
the saturation density and at low temperatures.
Bary on density correlation functions of hot nuclear matter in the spinodal region are improved at different
temperatures and densities in a stochastic mean-field approach. They will allow us to obtain more accurate
information about the condensation mechanism and early evolution of liquid-gas phase transformation of nuclear
matter.
17
Comparison of Quantum Shape Phase Transitions in Even and Odd Nuclei
Lorenzo FORTUNATO
University of Padova, Deparment of PhysicsandAstronomy, Padova, Italy
Email: [email protected]
I will review the history and development of the concepts of critical point symmetries and shape phase transitions in
low-energy nuclear physics. Shape phase transitions in even-even and odd-even systems are treated with the
Interacting Boson Model (IBM) and the Interacting Boson Fermion Model (IBFM) respectively and compared with
collective geometric models based on the solution of the Bohr hamiltonian. The theoretical predictions are put into
perspective with the experimental measurments. The most important signatures of shape phase transitions are
discussed. In particular, I will talk about the case of a fermion (sitting in one or more single particle orbitals) coupled
to an even-even bosonic core that undergoes a transition from the spherical limit to the deformed limit. The role of the
additional particle on the energy spectrum and electromagnetic decays will be discussed as well as the role of the finite
number of particles. Ground- and excited beta- and gamma-bands are treated with the formalism of intrinsic states,
that allows to calculate potential energy surfaces (PES) and other properties of nuclei.
18
VERBAL PRESENTATIONS
19
Ağır İyon Reaksiyonlarında Çoklu Parçalanma (Multi Fragmantasyon = MF)
Ali TUTAY
İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü, İstanbul, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
1980’ lere kadar,çekirdek veya ağır iyon reaksiyonları sonucu oluşan bileşik çekirdek, iki büyük parçaya ayrılır olarak
bilinirdi. 1980’lerin başında Gross (1), eğer bileşik çekirdeğin (compond nucleus) ısısı 5 MeV ise çoklu parçalanma
olabileceği teorisini ileriye sürmüştür. Daha sonraki yıllarda yapılan deneylerde,yüksek enerjilerde özelikle nükleon
başına 20 MeV/Ave daha üstü değerlerdebileşik çekirdeğiniki değil en az üç büyük parçaya ayrıldığı kanıtlanmıştır.Bu
çalışmada bahsedilen deneyler tanıtılarak, farklı enerjilerde ağır iyon reaksiyonlarında meydana gelebilecek bileşik
çekirdek parçalanmaları ve reaksiyonları üzerinde durulacaktır.
Deneyler üç enerji aralığına göre sınıflandırılabilir. Bunlar:
1- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≤ 10 MeV/A ise bileşik çekirdekte buharlaşma, füzyon (2) ve derin in-elastik
bozunuma meydana gelir.
2- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≥10 MeV/A ise reaksiyon; füzyon, tam olmayan füzyon ve ikiye parçalanmış çekirdek
şeklinde gerçekleşir;
3- Eğer mermi enerjisi Em ≥20 MeV/A olursa bu takdirde reaksiyon artık çoklu parçalanma şeklinde gerçekleşir
(MF) (3,4)
Berlin Hahn Metiner Enstitüsünde 1991-1994 yılları arasında yapılan deneyde ise o günün şartlarında en yüksek
seviye olan 960 MeV (30 MeV/A)’ lik yüksek enerjili 32S + 58Ni reaksiyonu ile çoklu parçalanmanın analizi
yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarındabileşik çekirdeğin ısısı (T) aşağıdaki yöntemlerle hesaplanmıştır:
1- İki orta ağırlıklı çekirdek arasındaki dağılımdan (Intermediate Mass Fragment = IMF)
2- Bir IMF ile bir α parçacığı arasındaki dağılımdan
3- Bir ağır parçacık ile α parçacığı arasındaki dağılımda
Reaksiyonun parçalanma zamanının belirlenmesi için de iki IMF (Li, Be, B, C) arasındaki hız dağılımı hesapları
yapılmıştır.
20
Tau Leptonun Anomal Momentlerinin Lineer Çarpıştırıcılarda İncelenmesi
Alper BİLLUR
Cumhuriyet University, Department of Physics, Sivas, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Tau leptonun anomal elektromanyetik momentleri Standat Model ve Standart Model ötesi yeni fiziğin araştırılmasında
önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmada lineer çarpıştırıcılarda çift tau üretiminde eşdeğer foton yaklaşımıyla tau leptonun
elektromanyetik momentlerine getirilebilecek sınırlar tartışılmıştır. Gerek anomal manyetik momente gerekse elektrik
momente bugünkü deneysel sınırlara kıyasla kuvvetli sınırlar getirilebileceği gösterilmiştir.
21
Alfa Bombardımanı ile 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ge ve 65Zn Üretiminin Teorik Çalışması
İsmail Hakkı SARPUN1, Asiye GÜROL2
1
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Afyon, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Bu çalışmada, teşhis ve tedavi amaçlı kullanılan radyoizotopların; 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ge ve 65Zn radyoizotopları Zn doğal
elementi hedef olarak kullanılması ile (a,x) reaksiyonu radyoizotop üretimi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar
EXFOR kütüphanesinden alınan deneysel veriler ile teorik hesaplama sonuçlarının birleştirerek reaksiyon tesir
kesitleri grafikleri sunulmuştur.
The Theoretical Study of Production of 68 Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga and 65Zn with alpha bombardment
In this study, use of the radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; 68Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga and 65Zn, by using Zn
natural element as a target, (a, x) reaction were investigated for radioisotope production. EXFOR results obtained with
the experimental data taken from a library of simulation results are presented graphically combining the reaction cross
section.
22
Resonance Measurements with the ALICE Detector at the LHC
A. KARASU UYSAL (for the ALICE Collaboration)
KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
Hadronic resonances are extremely short-lived particles (cτ~fewfm/c), which provide a unique tool for the study of the
properties of hot and dense matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Modification of the production rates
and the in-medium properties of hadronic resonances can be used as signatures of a possible phase transition of
nuclear matter to a deconfined state of quarks and gluons. This talk will summarize the first resonance measurements
from the ALICE detector at LHC in pp collisions at √s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV and Pb−Pb collisions at √s NN= 2.76 TeV.
Measured mass, width, transverse momentum and yield of resonances as a function of transverse momentum will be
reported together with the theoretical studies from the statistical−thermal model.
23
Natural Radyoactivity in Soils of The Eastern Counties in Samsun, Turkey
AYDAN ALTIKULAÇ1, HASAN GÜMÜŞ2
1
Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
2
Ondokuz MayısUniversity, Science & Arts Faculty, Physics Department, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
Natural radioactive materials under certain conditions can reach hazardous levels. So, it becomes necessary to study
the natural radioactivity levels in soil to assess the dose for population in order to know the health risks and to have a
baseline for the future changes in the environmental radioactivity. In this study the mean radioactivity concentration of
nuclides
238
U,
232
Th and40K in soil samples from east provinces of Samsun were measured by using with an NaI(Tl)
detector. The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were found 36,34 Bq/kg, 41,43 Bq/kg, 377,28
Bq/kg, respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rate in the air, annual effective dose and internal hazard index were
57,30 nGyh-1, 71,22 μSv/y and 0,31, respectively. Also the mean activity concentrations were compared within
ternationally recommended values.
24
Test of the Landau’s Level Density Formula in the Region of Discrete and S-wave Neutron Resonance
Energies
A. ELMAS1, H. AHMADOV1, B. GÖNÜL1
1
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
In this work, the reliability of Landau expression for the nuclear level density is checked, as a first time, to describe
nuclear level density at excitations corresponding to the discrete and s-wave neutron resonance energy levels. Our
comparison with the related data for discrete levels has shown that the results obtained by the present model are
remarkably better than those of BSFG and CT models. The
minimazing method is used in the fitting procedure of
model prescriptions to the experimental data for the two suggested energy range of discrete levels given by RIPL-3
and nuclear level density parameterization systematics of [1]. Additionally, the s-wave neutron resonance level density
is included to test the model fitting to the experimental data from discrete to unbound levels. The related works are in
progress. The completed comparison results will be discussed in detail during the workshop.
25
Extracted collective enhancement factors of the nuclear level density
B. CANBULA1,*, R. BULUR1, D. CANBULA1, H. BABACAN1
1
Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, 45140, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Nuclear level density is one of the key ingredients required for the cross-section calculations with the statistical theory
of nuclear reactions. One of the most serious deficiencies of the existing level density models is how to describe the
first few excited states of nuclei, which are literally known to arise from the collective motion of the nucleons.
Recently, we have proposed a new expression for the energy dependence of the nuclear level density
parameter, including collective effects[1]. This method also enables us to extract the collective enhancement factors of
both vibrational and rotational effects from the ratio of the total level density to the non-vibrational or non-rotational
level densities. Extracted energy dependence of the collective enhancement factors and comparison with the existing
methods in the literature will be presented. Finally, success of this method in describing the low-lying collective states
will be discussed.
This work was supported by the Turkish Science and Research Council (TÜBİTAK) under Grant No. 112T566. Bora
*
Canbula acknowledges the support through TÜBİTAK PhD Program fellowship BİDEB-2211 Grant.
26
The Analysis of ParticleYields in High EnergyCollisions
Using Thermal Model Approach
Ç. YAŞAR1, A. KARASU UYSAL2
1
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
The particle production in both elementary and relativistic heavy-ion collisions has been successfully described by the
statistical-thermal model. The comparison of experimental data in the LHC energies and the model results has made
possible to define the thermodynamic parameters of strongly interacting matter at chemical freeze-out point. This has
lead the phase diagram of the hadronic matter to be understood. In this work, the hadron yields in elementary and
heavy-ion collisions and the associated thermal variables have been produced by using the analysis tool THERMUS.
The relations between the center of mass energy and two basic statistical-thermal parameters, chemical freeze-out
temperature and baryon chemical potential, are also determined in the frame of this study.
27
Investigation of the Magnetic Dipole Strength in Odd-Mass Deformed Nuclei:
163
Dy and 167Er
E. TABAR1, H. YAKUT1, A.A. KULİEV2 and E. GULİYEV3
1
2
Sakarya University, PhysicsDepartment, Sakarya, Turkey
TheNationalAviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
3
StateAgency on NuclearandRadiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of EmergencySituations, Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
Excitation energies, reduced transition possibilities B(M1) and also the ground-state magnetic properties such as
magnetic moment (µ), intrinsic magnetic moment (gK), effective spin factor (gseff.) are the fundamental characteristics
of the odd-mass nucleus and provide key information to understand nuclear structure. In this study, the ground state
magnetic properties as well as the low-lying magnetic dipole (M1) characteristics of odd-mass deformed nuclei have
been studied using a separable Hamiltonian within the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model (QPNM). In this study,
for the first time the effective isoscalar and isovector forces have been used and the analytical expressions have been
derived for odd mass nuclei in order to restore the broken rotational symmetry of the single particle Hamiltonian. The
calculations were performed for odd-mass
163
Dy and
167
Er nuclei. The single-particle energies and wave functions
were computed by using the deformed axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential. It has been found that there is a
strong fragmentation of the M1 strength in the investigated odd nuclei and the result are in a good agreement with the
experimental NRF data in 2-4 MeV. The calculations show that the ground state structures of the investigated isotopes
have dominantly one-quasiparticle character and the contribution of quasiparticle-phonon admixtures to the ground
states of these nuclei are very small (less than about 1%). However, the amount of the quasiparticle phonon
admixtures increases with the rising excitation energy.
28
Shell Model Description of 111,113,115Sn
E. DİKMEN1, O. OZTURK1
1
Department of Physics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
We reconstruct the single-shell states and the corresponding matrix elements needed for describing mid-heavy oddeven Sn isotopes within sdgh major shell in the framework of the nuclear shell model. We implement an exact
truncation based on the occurrence of only certain Young diagrams in building the multi-shell model states. This
truncation allows us to calculate the coefficient of fractional parentage (CFP) for mid-heavy Sn isotopes by reducing
the calculation requirements. Then, we have carried out the shell model calculations for 111,113,115Sn by using CD-Bonn
two-body effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. We compare the calculated low-lying spectra of
isotopes to the experimental ones.
29
111,113,115
Sn
Low-energy modes in atomic nuclei
E. YÜKSEL1, E. KHAN2, K. BOZKURT1
1
Physics Department, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Universite Paris-Sud, IN2P3-CNRS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
Email: [email protected]
The low-energy monopole and dipole responses are investigated in doubly magic nuclei using a self-consistent
Skyrme HF+RPA model. The formation and behavior of the low-energy monopole and dipole strengths are studied
using the transition densities as well as the collectivity of the excitations. It is shown that the transition densities
display different behavior in both low-energy monopole and dipole responses when compared with the high-energy
modes of the nuclei. In addition, the low-energy monopole strength mainly displays pure single particle excitations
which can be used to analyse the splitting of the corresponding spin-orbit partners.
30
16
O+16O Sisteminde Alfa Kümelenme Yöntemi ile Füzyon ve S-Faktör Hesaplamaları
Gökhan KOÇAK1
1
Erciyes University, Deparment of Physics, Kayseri, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Bu çalışmada,
O+16O sistemi için Coulomb bariyeri civarındaki ve altındaki enerjilerde elastik saçılma açısal
16
dağılımı, füzyon tesir kesiti ve S-faktör hesaplamaları eş zamanlı olarak yapılmıştır. Bu gözlenebilirleri
açıklayabilmek için optik model çerçevesinde mikroskobik alfa-alfa çift-katlı kümelenme modeli ve fenomenolojik sığ
potansiyeller yüzey hassasiyetine sahip sanal potansiyeller ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Wood-Saxons tipi sığ
potansiyellerin açıklayamadığı deneysel data, alfa-kümelenme yapısına sahip olduğu varsayılan
kullanıldığı mikroskobik alfa-alfa kümelenme potansiyeli çok iyi bir şekilde açıklanmıştır.
31
O çekirdeğinin
16
Nükleer Seviye Yoğunluk Parametresinin Reaksiyon Tesir Kesitlerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
H. PEKDOĞAN1, İ.SARPÜN2, A. AYDIN1
1
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kırıkkale, Turkey
2
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Afyon, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Nükleer seviye yoğunluğu bilgisi, reaktör fiziğinde istatistiksel hesaplamaların yapılmasında, astrofizikte, ağır iyon
çarpışmalarının incelenmesinde ve reaksiyon tesir kesitlerinin hesaplanmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Nükleer enerji
seviye yoğunluğu hem parçacığın anlaşılması hem de çeşitli reaksiyonlarda gamma ışını yayınlanması için önemli bir
fiziksel niceliktir. Seviye yoğunluk parametre terimleri genellikle uyarılma enerjisi ile birlikte nükleer seviye
yoğunluğunun değişiminin tanımlanmasında kullanılır.
Bu çalışmada, nükleer seviye yoğunluk parametresinin fisyon reaksiyonlarında tesir kesitine olan etkileri
incelenecektir. Literatürdeki başlıca seviye yoğunluk modellerinin ve bu modellerde seviye yoğunluk parametresinin
U-235(g,f) reaksiyonun tesir kesitlerine etkileri TALYS bilgisayar kodu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen teorik
veriler ile deneysel reaksiyon tesir kesitleri karşılaştırılmıştır.
32
190,191,192
Os İzotoplarının Manyetik Dipol Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
H. Qulıyev1, E. Tabar1, H. Yakut1, M. Güner1, A.A. Kulıev2and E. Gulıyev3
1
2
3
Sakarya University, PhysicsDepartment, Sakarya, Turkey
TheNationalAviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
StateAgency on Nucl. andRadio. Activity Reg.,Ministry of EmergencySituations, Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
Bu çalışmada
190,191,192
Os izotoplarının manyetik dipol (M1) özellikleri dönme değişmez Kuazi parçacık Rasgele Faz
Yaklaşımı (QRPA) ve Kuazi parçacık-Fonon Nükleer Model (QPNM ) çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak
191
Os
izotopu için taban-durum manyetik momenti (µ), gK ve gs faktörleri QPNM metodu kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve
deneysel manyetik moment ile karşılaştırılarak nükleon-nükleon etkileşim parametresi χ=30/A MeV belirlenmiştir.
Daha sonra 191Os ve 190,192Os çekirdeklerinin spektrokopik enerji bölgesindeki M1 uyarılmalarının ωi enerjileri, B(M1)
geçiş ihtimalleri ve (M1) seviye genişlikleri teorik olarak hesaplanarak mevcut deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
190,192
191
Os çekirdeklerinin NRF deney verileriyle teorik sonuçların kısmen uyum içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Tek
Os çekirdeğine ait mevcut bir deneysel veri bulunmamaktadır ve ilk kez bu çalışmada teorik olarak M1
seviyelerinin varlığı öngörülmüştür. Ayrıca teorik sonuçlar
Os çekirdeğinin M1 seviye yapısının çift-çift
191
çekirdeğine göre daha iyi ayrıştığını ve B(M1) gücünün daha küçük değerler aldığını göstermiştir.
33
190
Os kor
An Investigation of the Effects of the Level Density Models on the Fission Reaction Calculations for
Some Actinides
İ. SENCAR1, B. CANBULA1,*, H. BABACAN1
1
Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, 45140, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Nuclear fission process has been occurred where by the nucleus has the deformed shape instead of an equilibrated
shape because of having a highly nuclear charge. Therefore, the nucleus having the deformed shape splits into two or
more fragments. Since the discovery of this phenomenon, nuclear fission is an important subject for the nuclear
structure and reactions, thus has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally in the literature.
Themostimportantingredientforthefissioncrosssectioncalculations in the statistical theory is the nuclear level
density (NLD) which is called as the number of the excited levels around an excitation energy and firstly introduced
by Bethe [1]. The most commonly used the level density models [2-4] in the statical theory have many adjustable
parameters to be determined from the observables, which are the mean resonance spacings and the discrete level
schemes, and also these models can only make predictions for stable nuclei which their experimental data exist. For
the nuclei far from stability, calculations have been extended with the aid of extrapolation. Therefore, this situation
causes to reduce the reliability of the NLD calculations for the unstable nuclei and restricts the level density models to
apply related fields. Recently, for the purpose of eliminating the lacks of level density calculations, a Laplace-like
formula for the level density parameter including collective effects differently from other models has been proposed
by Canbula et al. [5]. The new description of the level density parameter, which is main variable in the
phenomenological level density models, depending on the shape dependent mass formula improved the agreement
between predicted and observed excited energy levels according to the other phenomenological models without using
any adjustable parameters. In this study, comparisons of calculated fission cross sections for some actinides between
present level density models and the level density model including the new description of the level density parameter
will be presented and discussed the effects of the level density models on fission cross section calculations.
Bora Canbula acknowledges the support through TÜBİTAK PhD Program fellowship BİDEB-2211 Grant.
*
34
Determination of the Parameters of a Skyrme Type Effective Interaction
Using the Vmc Method
Kaan MANİSA1, Mehmet ERDOĞAN2 and Hasan BİRCAN1
1
Dumlupınar University Art and Science Faculty Physics Department Kütahya ,Turkey
2
Selçuk University Science Faculty Physics Department Konya, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method is employed to determine equilibrium properties of symmetric and
asymmetric nuclear matter. The realistic Urbana V 14 nucleon–nucleon interaction potential of Lagaris and
Pandharipande was used in the VMC calculations with addition of a phenomenological density-dependent term to
simulate many-body interactions. A new Skyrme parameter set is found to consistently reproduce the equilibrium
properties of the nuclear matter obtained from VMC calculations. The properties of symmetric and asymmetric
nuclear matter are calculated by the new Skyrme parameter set. The results obtained by using the new Skyrme
parameter set are compared with results obtained by different Skyrme parameter sets in the literature.
35
Investigation of Some Zirconium Nuclei within the Interacting Boson Model-1 and Relativistic Mean
Field Model
M. BÖYÜKATA1, T. BAYRAM2 AND İ. ULUER3
1
Department of Elementary Science Education, Faculty of Education ÇanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, TR-17100 Çanakkale,
Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letter, Sinop University, TR-57000 Sinop, Turkey
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Karabük University, TR-78050 Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this work, two models have been used to investigate Zirconium isotopes. One of them is the interacting boson
model-1 (IBM-1) which is the useful tool for description of the collective properties of nuclei. This model can be
applicable to even-even nuclei in terms of correlated pairs of nucleons with angular momentum L=0; 2 (called as s, d
bosons). The other model is relativistic mean field (RMF) model which is very successful in description of groundstate properties of nuclei.
In the present study, we have performed ibm-1 calculation of energy levels of 106-108Zr isotopes and compared
new experimental data. The geometric structures of these isotopes are also predicted by plotting the potential energy
surface in β and γ plane obtained from the IBM-1 Hamiltonian. Beside, triaxial RMF calculations have been
performed to carry out potential energy surfaces of zirconium nuclei. In both, the β and γ are deformation parameters
and they play a similar role to collective shape variables in the Bohr Hamiltonian. The results of the present study
have been discussed in detail.
36
Deformation dependence of the dipole response in even-even
142-150
Nd isotopes
E.GULIYEV1, A.A.KULIEV2, M.GÜNER3
1
State Agency on Nuclear and Radiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Baku, Azerbaijan
2
Azerbaijan National Academy of Aviation, Baku, Azerbaijan
3
Sakarya University, Department of Mathematics, 54100, Sakarya, Türkey
Email: [email protected]
Adirect test of the interpretation of the experimental splitting of the of the E1 excitation cross sections in neodymium
isotopic chain (on the deformation) can be obtained by an investigation deformation dependence calculated B(E1)
probability of the electric dipole excitations with K=0- and 1- for even-even 142-160Nd isotopes. Such a test of the B(E1)
distributions of the Pigmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) and Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) has been performed in
present calculations. Deformation dependence of the summed B(E1) value of the PDR for Nd isotopes are
systematically investigated by means of the translational and Galileo invariant quasiparticle-random-phase
approximation. There have shown that deformation plays a significant role on the formation of PDR and GDR below
and over the nucleon energy threshold, respectively. The calculations have shown isotopic or deformation dependence
of the summed B(E1) value of the PDR and GDR. The summed B(E1) strength for PDR and GDR is enhanced at list
by a factor of 3.
37
Parametrization in Description of Prompt Fission Neutron
Spectrum in Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf
M. KOÇAK1, H. AHMADOV1
1
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
Different parameterization using experimental data and excitation energy partition mechanisms between the fission
fragments were used in description of observed prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) in spontaneous fission of
252
Cf. Neutron evaporation from excited and fully accelerated complementary fission fragments in the asymmetric
mass yield was used in calculation of neutron spectra. Neutron laboratory spectrum was calculated when center of
mass spectrum was assumed in the Le Couteur form. Calculated results from different parameterizations were
compared with each other and experimental data.
38
Electron-positron pair creation in relativistic ion-ion collisions
Melek YILMAZ ŞENGÜL
Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The creation of electron-positron pairs from the vacuum by strong electromagnetic fields is one of the most fascinating
processes of relativistic quantum mechanics. Fields sufficiently strong to induce pair creation can be produced in
collisions of bare ions. In peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions electromagnetic fields are very strong and interact
with each other for a very short time. In these strong fields, probabilities of various electromagnetic processes such as
free pair production, bound-free pair production and excitation are large and increase with the Lorentz factor γ. The
bound-free pair production process restricts the luminosity of the ion beams [1]. One of the other process that cause
the beam loss is relativistic antihydrogen production by pairproduction with positron capture.
In this work, we have
calculated cross sections for antihydrogen production in the framework of perturbation theory by applying MonteCarlo integration techniques [2].
References
[1] G. Baur, K. Hencken, and D. Trautmann, Phys. Rep. 453, 1, 2007
[2] Şengül, M. Y., Güçlü, M. C., Relativistic antihydrogen production by pairproduction with positron capture,
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics , 67, 612, 2012
39
Calculation of Excitation Functions of Proton and Deuteron Induced Reactions
on Natural Mo Isotopes
Ozan ARTUN, Hüseyin AYTEKİN
Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Physics, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
Email:[email protected]
In the present work, we calculated excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on natural Mo
isotopes for production of some medically radioisotopes. Calculations with pre-equilibrium reaction models were
performed out using the TALYS 1.4 and ALICE/ASH codes. We proposed to experimentalists that some suitable
reactions could be performed for production of medical radioisotopes.
40
Extra Dimensions Search in Photon-Induced Process at the
CERN-LHC
S. C. İNAN
Department of Physics, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The exclusive production pp  p p  pXp is known to be one of the most clean channels at the LHC. We
investigate the potential of processes pp  p p  pl l  p and pp  p p  p p to examine extra dimensions by
considering three different forward detector acceptances; 0.0015< ξ <0.15, 0.0015 < ξ <0.5 and 0.1 < ξ <0.5. We
obtain 95% confidence level sensitivity limits on the unparticle couplings for various integrated luminosities.
41
60
Co’ın SUDA ÇÖZÜNEN PAA-Cu2+-BSA KOMPLEKSLERİNE ETKİSİ
Betül TAŞDELEN1, Salim ORAK2, Erol KAM3
1
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Biyomedikal Mühendisliği, Çorlu, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Fen-Ed. Fak., Üsküdar, İstanbul, Turkey
3
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen-Ed Fak, Fizik Bölümü, Davutpaşa İstanbul, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Radyoprotektör olarak adlandırılan bazı kimyasal maddelerin ışınlama öncesinde alınması sonucu, X ve gama
ışınlarının etkilerini azalttığı bulunmuştur[1] . Bu çalışmada, suda çözülen polimerilerden poliakrilikasitin, Bovin
Serum Albumin (BSA) ile iki değerlikli bakır iyonları varlığında oluşan kompleksleri Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı
Kromatografi (HPLC) metodu yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik şartlarda çözünen Poliakrilik asit (PAA), PAACu2+ ve üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA kompleksleri60Co gama kaynağı ile farklı ışınlama dozları ışınlanarak bu kompleksler
üzerinde gama ışının etkisi incelendi. Tek başına PAA veya BSA 1.3 kGy’de denatüre olurken üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA
kompleksi bozulmayarak Cu2+ iyonlarının kompleks üzerindeki stabilize etkisi tespit edildi. Ayrıca, NaCl, ışınlama
dozu ve farklı konsantrasyondaki BSA’nın üçlü PAA-Cu2+-BSA kompleks üzerindeki stabilize etkileri incelendi.
Kaynaklar
1-W. Gordy, Radiat. Res. Suppl. 1, 491 (1959)
2-W. Gordyand I. Miyogawa, Radiat. Res.,12, 211 (1960)
3-K. Eidus, M. B. Kalamkarova, and G. K. Otarova,Biophysics, 2, 564 (1957)
42
Deforme 74-80Kr İzotopları İçin İzospin Safsızlığı ve İzobar Analog Durumlar Üzerindeki
Deformasyon Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
HASAN ALİ AYGÖR1, SERDAR ÜNLÜ2, NECLA ÇAKMAK3, CEVAD SELAM1
1
Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Muş, Turkey
2
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Burdur, Türkey
3
Karabük Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Bu çalışmada bazı Kr izotopları için izospinsafsızlığı ve izobar analog durumlar üzerindeki deformasyon etkileri kuazi
rasgele faz yaklaşımı çerçevesinde hesaplanmıştır. Nükleon-nükleon etkin etkileşme potansiyeli, ortalama alan
yaklaşımından kaynaklanan izospin değişmezliğindeki bozulmayı restore edecek şekilde dikkate alınmış olup etkin
etkileşme sabiti serbest bir parametre olmaktan çıkarılmıştır. Taban durumlardaki izospin karışım olasılığı ve izobar
analog durumlar için ortalama enerjilerin deformasyon parametresine olan hassasiyeti incelenmiştir.
43
On the Structure of Plutonium Isotopes
SERHAT URUK1, SERKAN AKKOYUN2 and TUNCAY BAYRAM3
1
Physics Department, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
2
Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
3
Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
From the both experimental and theoretica lside, spontaneous-fission properties are important for understanding the
stability properties of the heaviest elements. The observed properties of the ground state and isomeric state spectra of
actinides suggest the existence of double humped potential barriers. The heights of fission barriers are almost constant
(5-6 MeV) from Th to Am isotopes. In the present study, the ground-state properties of the even-even Pu isotopes
have been investigated in mean field formalism. Particularly, the fission barriers of Pu isotopes have been investigated
and discussed in detail.
44
Photonuclear Reaction Performed on Gallium
SERKAN AKKOYUN1, TUNCAY BAYRAM2, SEYİT OKAN KARA3
1
Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
3
Bor Vocational School, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The physics of photonuclear reactions contribute to our understanding of the atomicnuclei. This type of reactions plays
a key role in the astrophysical nucleosynthesis. It is important for understanding the processes of the element creation
in a stellar environment. In this work, the energy levels and half-lives of the isotopes created after
photonuclearreaction performed on gallium iotopes have been investigated. It has been seen that the results are
consistent with the literature with smaller deviations.
45
A Search for b(c) quark Pdf Uncertainties at TeV Scale ep Collider
SEYİT OKAN KARA
Bor Vocational School, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
We discuss
and
pair productions at ep collider for studying extremely small x(g) region. It has been shown that
Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) has a reach of about x(g) >
. The aim of this work is to show that the
PDF uncertainties in the heavy flavour production. Maximum difference of cross section between PDFs 60% has been
found in the process of ep →
.
46
The Investigation of Gamow-Teller Transition Properties in 56-64Ni Isotopes Using QRPA Methods
Sadiye CAKMAKa,b, Jameel-Un NABIb, Tahsin BABACANa
a
b
Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology,
Topi 23640, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
In this work, Nickel is seen to be very astrophysically important for Gamow-Teller distribution in the stellar
evolution process. Gamow-Teller strength distributions for
56-64
Ni isotopes have been calculated by using different
four models. These models have been subdivided into four models: PM (B), SM (B), SM (C), pn-QRPA (C). PM (B)
and SM (B) model consider spherical nuclei in both particle-hole (ph) and particle-particle (pp) channels while pnQRPA(C) and SM (C) take into account the deformed nıuclei in both ph+pp channels. To understand the importance
of our models for nickel isotopes, results of these models are compared with various theoretical models such as shell
model (FPD6, GXPF1, KB3G, GXPF1J), large scale shell model, shell model monte carlo, and experimental studies.
47
Spin-isospin Transitions in Chromium Isotopes within the Quasiparticle Random Phase
Approximation
Sadiye CAKMAKa,b, Jameel-Un NABIb, Tahsin BABACANa and Ismail MARASa
a
b
Department of Physics, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology,
Topi 23640, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]
Beta decay and electron capture on isotopes of chromium are advocated to play a key role in the stellar evolution
process. In this paper we endeavor to study charge-changing transitions for 24 isotopes of chromium (42-65Cr). These
include neutron-rich and neutron-deficient isotopes of chromium. Three different models from the QRPA genre,
namely the pn-QRPA, the Pyatov method (PM) and the Schematic model (SM), were selected to calculate and study
the Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions in chromium isotopes. The SM was employed separately in the particle-particle
(pp) and pp + particle-hole (ph) channels. To study the effect of deformation, the SM was first used assuming the
nuclei to be spherical and later to be deformed. The PM was used both in pp and pp + ph channels but only for the
case of spherical nuclei. The pn-QRPA calculation was done by considering both pp and ph forces and taking
deformation of nucleus into consideration. A recent study proved this version of pn-QRPA to be the best for
calculation of GT strength distributions amongst the QRPA models. The pn-QRPA model calculated GT distributions
had low-lying centroids and small widths as compared to other QRPA models. Our calculation results were also
compared with other theoretical models and measurements wherever available. Our results are in decent agreement
with previous measurements and shell model calculations.
48
Heavy Quarkonium Mass Spectra with a Novel Model
Yücel CANÇELİK1, Bülent GÖNÜL1
1
University of Gaziantep, Department of Engineering Physics, Gaziantep-TURKEY
Email: [email protected]
In this work, the spin-averaged mass spectra of heavy quarkonia ( cc and bb ) in a Coulomb plus linear potential,
together with a quadratic term, is studied within the framework of non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. The energy
eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained in compact forms for any
 value through a novel model.The obtained
results are used to produce potential parameters for the charmonium and bottomonium systems, from which then their
full mass spectra are determined. The predictions obtained by the present model are found to be in a remarkable
agreement with the experimental results when compared to other theoretical findings.
49
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
50
α, d, p and t Emission Spectra for 208Pb Target Nucleus at 96 MeV Neutron Incident Energy
Abdullah KAPLAN1,Veli ÇAPALI1, Hasan ÖZDOĞAN1,2
1
Süleyman DemirelÜniversitesi, Fen-EdebiyatFakültesi, FizikBölümü, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
2
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Biyofizik A.D., 07070, Antalya,Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this study, α, d, p and t emission spectra for
208
Pb target nucleus at 96 MeV neutron incident energy for (n,xα),
(n,xd), (n,xp) and (n,xt)reactions have been investigated using pre–equilibrium and equilibrium nuclear reaction
models. TALYS 1.6 Two–Component Exciton and ALICE/ASH Geometry Dependent models have been used for the
pre–equilibrium reactions. TALYS 1.6 Equilibrium and ALICE/ASH Weisskopf-Ewing models have been used for
the equilibrium reactions. The calculated results have been compared with experimental data taken from the
experimental data existing in the EXFOR database.
51
New Estimated Parameters of Viola-Seaborg Formula for Superheavy Nuclei
Alper SİNAN1, Tuncay BAYRAM2, Serkan AKKOYUN3
1
Sinop University, Faculty of Science and Letter, Statistics Department, Sinop, Turkey
2
Sinop University, Faculty of Science and Letter, Statistics Department, Sinop, Turkey
3
Cumhuriyet University, Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Recent years, studying superheavy nuclei (SHN) have received much attention. In particular, many theoretical studies
on alpha-decay have been carried out for understanding of alpha-decay properties because of success in synthesizing
of superheavy elements (SHE) in lab. Beside, alpha-decay half-lives of SHN are very important because most
synthesized SHE have alpha-decays and their alpha-decay values are needed for experimentalists during the
experimental design.
Most known alpha-decay half-life formula is Viola-Seaborg formula. In the present study, we have estimated
new parameters of Viola-Seaborg formula for superheavy region by using latest experimental data. The parameters are
estimated by classical nonlinear regression estimation methods. The results of the present study Show that new
parameters are to be found as valuable in estimating of alpha-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei within the
framework of Viola-Seaborg formula.
52
57
Co Radyoizotopunun (a,*) Reaksiyonu İle Üretilmesinin Teorik Hesaplaması
Asiye GÜROL1, İsmail Hakkı SARPUN2, Bekir ORUNÇAK2
1
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 06500, Afyon, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Radyoizotoplar daha çok siklotron ve reaktörler ile üretilmektedir. Radyoizotopların hangi yöntem ile üretileceğini,
Üretimde kullanılan parçacıkların enerjisini hedef çekirdek belirlemektedir. Radyoizotop genellikle yapaydır.
Radyoizotopları üç farklı yöntem ile oluşturmak mümkündür. Bunlar; Nükleer reaktörler, siklotronlar (hızlandırıcılar),
radyoizotop jeneratörleridir. Co-57 radyoizotopu B12 vitamini eksikliği için Schilling'in testinde kullanılmaktadır.
Gastrointestinal B12 vitamini emilim tayini nükleer tıp laboratuarları tarafından sunulan ilk testler arasında yer
almaktadır. Bu yöntem megaloblastik anemi, B12 vitamini eksikliği ve gastrointestinal malabsorbsiyonu şüphesi olan
hastalarda yararlı olmaya devam etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada alfa bombardımanı ile 55Mn(a,2n), 54Fe(a,p), 56Fe(a,2n+p), 59Co(a,2n+a), 59Co(a,x), 58Ni(a,p+a)
reaksiyonları ile 57Co radyoizotopunun edilmesi incelenmiştir. TALYS 1.6 programı kullanılarak yapılan hesaplamalar
EXFOR kütüphanesinden alınan deneysel veriler ile teorik hesaplama sonuçları karşılaştırılarak reaksiyon tesir
kesitleri grafikleri sunulmuştur.
Radioisotopes 57Co (a, *) Produced by The Reaction of the Theoretical Calculation
Radioisotopes are mostly produced by a cyclotron and the reactor. Which will be produced by the method of
radioisotopes, used in the production of the particles determines the energy of the target nucleus. Radioisotopes are
often artificial. Radioisotopes with three different methods are possible. These are Nuclear reactors, cyclotrons
(accelerators), radioisotope generators. Co-57 radioisotope Schilling test for vitamin B12 deficiency are used.
Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 determination laboratorial offered by nuclear medicine tests are among the
first. This method megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and in patients with suspicion of malabsorption
gastrointestinal continues to be useful.
In this study by using
55
Mn(a,2n), 54Fe(a,p), 56Fe(a,2n+p), 59Co(a,2n+a), 59Co(a,x), 58Ni(a,p+a) reactions with
alpha bombardment, obtaining of the radioisotopes 57Co were investigated. TALYS 1.6 is EXFOR library filled with
calculations performed using the program from the theoretical calculation results with the experimental data are
presented graphically comparing the reaction cross section.
53
Interpolated Modeling and Mapping of Gamma Dose Rates Measured in Artvin Province by Using
the Neural Networks Method
C. M. YEŞİLKANAT1, Y. KOBYA2, H. TAŞKIN3, U. ÇEVİK4
1
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
2
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
3
TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altınşehir Yolu 5 Km, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this study, estimated values were calculated of the points which did not collect data for outdoor gamma
dose rates in Artvin by using back-propagation artificial neural network method (BPANN) and distribution of the
obtained rates mapped. The outdoor gamma dose rates were measured at 204 stations approximately 2 km far away
each other. Among the all stations, a part of 50% was separated randomly for creating model and the other part of 50%
for validation test. The maximum and minimum values for outdoor gamma dose rate were measured
respectively. Input parameters were used for the artificial neural networks which is directly affect the
gamma dose rates by six factors, such as coordinates (latitude, longitude), altitude, soil type, geological formations,
and the annual average intensity of sunlight. The estimated results obtained the model were compared with actual
values and a good agreement was observed. End of the study, the model was evaluated for all workspace and
interpolated estimation maps of outdoor gamma doses rate for Artvin were created from the results by making
estimations for every 100m.
54
Interpolated Modelling and Mapping of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta for Natural Spring Water in
Artvin Province by Using Geostatistical Prediction and Simulation Methods
C. M. YEŞİLKANAT1, Y. KOBYA2, H. TAŞKIN3, U. ÇEVİK4
1
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
2
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
3
TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altınşehir Yolu 5 Km, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
This study figures out the estimated values of total beta and alpha activities for non-sampled points in the study area of
natural spring water in Artvin province by using geostatistical prediction methods (ordinary kriging and universal
kriging). Water samples were taken from 102 stations which describes the study area and randomly chosen 50% of the
samples (51) were used for the modelling and the other 50% were used for the validation test at the end of the model.
The maximum measurement values were found to be 0.771 Bq/L and 0.808 Bq/L and minimum values were 0.005
Bq/L and 0.013 Bq/L, respectively. In addition, both gross alpha and gross beta distributions were specified by using
simulation method (conditional gauss simulation). With the help of acquired data from prediction and simulation,
descriptive maps were drawn for gross alpha and gross beta activities. Comparing simulation and prediction maps, it is
specified that gross alpha and gross beta distribution in water was represented efficiently. At the end of the study, it
was seen that universal kriging method was better than ordinary kriging method for interpolated estimation value.
55
Trace elements analysis in white cabbages in Gümüşhane, Turkey
C. AKSOY1,2, E. TIRAŞOĞLU1, H. AKSOY3, M. DOĞAN2, A. APAYDIN2
1
Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering, Avrasya University, 61250, Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
3
The Institue of Health Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The multi-elements in cabbages and the cabbage own soils are presented in this study. The cabbages were collected 21
different areas of Gümüşhane which is placed at the north-west of Black Sea region in Turkey. The elemental analysis
of cabbages have been carried out using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometry. Mean
concentrations of the elements are presented and the metal contents were found in them which play a vital role in cure
of disease. Ca and K contents in soils and in white cabbage were compared. They were found to be compatible with
each other.
56
Nükleer Astrofizik Reaksiyonlarında S-Faktörünün Etkisi
E. YILDIZ1, A. AYDIN1, İ.H. SARPÜN2
1
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Kırıkkale, Turkey
2
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Astrofiziksel s-faktörü, güneşte ve evrenimizdeki yıldızlarda meydana gelen herhangi bir termonükleer reaksiyonun
ana karakteristiğidir. Ayrıca s-faktörü,çok düşük enerjilerdeki reaksiyon ihtimallerini tanımlar. Astrofizik s-faktörü
deneysel olarak elde edilebileceği gibi teorik olarak da hesaplanabilmektedir. Reaksiyon tesir kesiti ve S-Faktörü
arasındaki ilişki;
şeklinde ifade edilir. Burada S(E) fonksiyonu nükleer etkileri içeren terim olup astrofiziksel S-faktörü olarak
isimlendirilir. Bu çalışmada düşük ve orta enerjili nükleonlarla oluşturulan reaksiyonların tesir kesitleri yardımıyla
hesaplanan s-faktörünün deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır.
57
Evrenin ilk günleri
Fatih KARA
Karabük Üniversitesi Fizik Bölümü, Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Evren daima bilim insanları tarafından merak ve gözlemlere dayalı çalışmalar neticesinde aydınlatılmıştır.Lakin
evrenin geçmişi ve gelecegi araştırıldıkça bildiklerimizin sınırının ne kadar kısa olduğu aşikârdır.Bu yüzden nereden
nereye geldiğimizi görmek için en baştan başlamak daha iyi bir yaklaşım olacaktır. En başa dönecek olursak 0 kütle
çekim noktasına yani Büyük Patlama’dan önceki o gizemlerle dolu karmaşık duruma, evrenin nasıl oluştuğunu büyük
patlamayla ve genişleyerek ulaştığı şuanki sınırlarına;
Öncelikle Hubble Zamanı’nı “T” ile ifade edersek (yaklaşık 12.5gyr), herhangi bir günün uzunluğuna n diyecek
olursak ikisi arasındaki ilişki gayet basit ve güçlü olup 𝑇𝑛 =T⁄2𝑛 − 1 şeklindedir. (Burada 𝑇𝑛 n. günün uzunluğudur).
Takip eden ilk üç gün uygulamalarını yapacak olursak ; 𝑇1= T, 𝑇2= T⁄3, 𝑇3= T⁄5 şeklindedir.
Hesaplamalar göstermektedir ki, 0 kütle çekiminden günümüze kadar evren yaşı yaklaşık 12,49 milyar yıldır.
Özel göreliliği kozmoloji de kullanarak hesaplamaları daha da basite indirgeyip kolaylıkla yapmak mümkündür. Şöyle
ki, Büyük Patlama’nın başlangıç anını t0 = T kabul edecek olursak t0 (1.gün) sonu t1 olur, aynı şekilde 2. gün sonu t2
(2.gün) olur. t0 ve t1 arası zaman farkı T1, t1 ve t2 arası zaman farkı T2 vs. şeklinde devam ettirilebilir. Kozmik
zamanları toplama kuralı ile özel görelilikteki zamanların toplamını veren kural benzerdir. Özel görelilik teorisi ve
kozmoloji biribirini pek çok yönden destekler ve tamamlar. Işık hızı ve Hubble zamanı ayrıca zamanların toplamı
bunu doğrular niteliktedir. Bilimin nihai zaferi olarak öngörülen çalışma evrenin tüm gerçeklerinin anlaşılması ve
bunun neticesinde nereden gelip nereye gittiğimizi anlamaktır.
Kaynaklar
[1] MosheCarmeli, Cosmological Special Relativity: The Large-Scale Structure of Space, Time and Velocity, World
Scientific Pub Co Inc. (April 2002)
58
Küresel Enerji Politikalarında Nükleer Enerjinin Yeri ve Türkiye Değerlendirmesi
F. BİLGE YILDIZ
Gazi Üniversitesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, 06000 Ankara, Türkiye
Email: [email protected]
Bu çalışma ile gelişmişlik ile bağlantılı olarak giderek artan enerji ihtiyacına yönelik ülkelerin izlediği enerji
politikaları çerçevesinde ülkemizin izlediği politikaları ve dünya perspektifinde bulunduğu konumun belirlenmesi ve
bu doğrultuda ülkemiz enerji politikalarında nükleer enerjinin gerekliliğinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla
bağlantılı olarak çalışma kapsamında; öncelikle enerji kavramı ve değişen eğilimler ile ekonomik gelişmişlik ve enerji
ilişkisi tartışılacak; Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de enerji kullanımındaki mevcut durum ortaya konularak, ülkelerin enerji
politikaları incelenecek, ekonomik gelişmişliğe göre kategorize edilen ülkelerde nükleer enerji politikaları ele
alınarak, dünya enerji kullanımına ilişkin tablo oluşturulacak, ülkemizin hangi kategoride kaldığı hususu ve gelecek
dönem enerji politikalarında nükleer enerjinin gerekliliği tartışılacaktır
Çalışma sonucunda ortaya konulan Dünya tablosunda gelişmiş, gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş ülkeler
arasında ülkemizin durumu ve geleceğe yönelik enerji politikaları ortaya konularak, ülkemizdeki kaynak potansiyeli
değerlendirilmiş, enerji politikaları tanımlanmış ve nükleer enerjinin gerekliliği tartışılmış olacaktır.
59
The Investigation of Electric Dipole Giant Resonance on the Even Mass
176,178.180
Hf Isotopes
A.A. KULİEV1, F.ERTUGRAL2, E. GULİYEV3, N. DEMİRCİ2
1
Azerbaijan National Academy of Aviation, Baku, Azerbaijan
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Scienceand Art, Sakarya University, Turkey
3
State Agency on NuclearandRadiological Activity Regulation, Ministry of EmergencySituations, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
In the present paper, theoretical studies of the electric dipole giant resonance on the even mass 176-180Hf isotopes within
the Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) method which is self-consistent determination of the isovector effective
separable interactions restoring a broken symmetry of the deformed mean-field are presented. The model contains a
single parameter of isovector dipole-dipole interactions and it allows one to describe satisfactorily both the energy and
fragmentation of the Giant dipole resonance which is represents the coherent isovector vibration motion of proton and
neutron systems as rigid bodies against each other, the common c.m. of the nucleus being at rest.The theory predicts 1giant dipole resonance splitting into two components with K=0 andK=1 at energy around 9 MeV and 14 MeV,
respectively (Fig.1). The theory also show that the giant resonance states usually have very small admixtures of the
spurious state (1 to 2%).
Fig. 1. The electric dipole resonance is split into two components with K=0 and 1.
60
Natural Radiactivity Measurements in Marble and Traverten Mines in the Region of Tokat –Sivas
I.Y IĞITOĞLU1, E. ESER2, G. GÜRSOY3, S. YILDIRIM3, S. KILIÇARSLAN1,
B. MAVI4, F. ONER4, I.AKKURT5
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziosmanpasa University, Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Polatlı Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, Turkey
3
Radyotherapy Deparment, Vocational Schools of Health Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Turkey
4
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Amasya University, Turkey
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this study natural radioactivity measurements have been performed at four different marble and travertain mine in
Tokat and Sivas region. In this respect
40
K,
226
Ra,
232
Th radioactive elements are searched in marble, travertain,
ONYX and soil samples collected from four different reseach points. The natural radioactivity is determined using NaI
scintilation detector as gamma ray spectrometer.The
Bq/kg,
226
40
K activity is determined between 179,89 Bq/kg and 314,43
Ra activity is between 22.59Bq/kg and 67.69 Bq/kg and
Bq/kg. The obtained results are given and discussed.
61
232
Th activity is between 16.00 Bq/kg and 21.01
Theoretical Description of the Magnetic Dipole Strengths in the Odd-Mass
Deformed Nuclei
H. YAKUT1, E. TABAR1, A.A. KULIEV2 and E. GULIYEV3
1
Sakarya University, Physics Department, Sakarya, Turkey,
2
The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
3 State Agency on Nucl. and Radio. Activity Regulation, Ministry of Emerg.Situ., Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
The mathematical formalism within the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model (QPNM) for the description of low-lying
magnetic dipole states (M1) in the odd-mass deformed nuclei is presented. The purpose of our work is to investigate
the fragmentation of the low-lying M1 strength experimentally observed and to clarify the possibility of using the
QPNM to describe the M1 strength distribution in odd-mass deformed nuclei. In this model the wave functions  K
j
of odd-mass nuclei consist of the sum of one-quasiparticle and one-quasiparticlephonon. The energies and wave
functions in odd-mass nucleus is calculated with the phonon basis constructed for even core nucleus. These
calculations of even core is made within the Random-Phase Approximation (RPA) by using the self-consistent
isoscalar and isovector effective separable interactions restoring a broken symmetry of the deformed mean-field. As
an example, theoretical calculations are performed for 163Dy and 157Gd nuclei.
62
SomeElectromagnetic Transition Properties of N ~ Z ~ 40 Isotopes
M. AKÇA1, G. BAŞBUĞ2, H.R. YAZAR2
1
Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey
2
Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
IBM-2 calculation is presented for the low-lying states in the even-even Kr and Sr core nuclei. We explore the energy
levels and the electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2;Ii If) for selected transitions. It was found that the
calculated positive parity low spin state energy spectra of the even-even Krand Srisotopes agree quite well with the
experimental data.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Ann. Phys. (N.Y) 99, 253 (1976).
[2] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Ann. Phys. (N.Y) 123, 468 (1979).
[3] A. Arima, F. Iachello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1069 (1975).
[4] F. Iachello, P. Van Isacker, The Interacting Boson-Fermion Model. Cambridge, CambridgeUniversity Press 1991.
[5] H.R. Yazar, Pramana J. Phys. Vol.70, No.5, 805 (2008).
[6] De Voight and M. J. A. Dudek, Rev. Mod. Phys., 55, 949 (1983).
[7] I. Talmi, Interacting Bose-Fermi System in Nuclei. Iachello, F.(ed), p 329. New York, Plenum Press 1981.
[8] O. Scholten, Progress in Partivle and Nuclear Physics ed A Faessler 14, 189 (1985).
[9] O. Scholten, PhD dissertation, University of Groningen 1980.
[10] S.T. Hsieh and H.C. Chiang, Phys. Rev. C Vol. 55, 211 (1997).
[11] R. G. Helmer, Nuclear Data Sheets 69, 507, (1993).
63
Protonlar için Çeşitli Organ Dokularının Durdurma Gücü ve Doz Hesaplamaları
M. USTA1, M. Ç. TUFAN2
1
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fizik Bölümü 31034 Serinyol Hatay, Turkey
2
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 55139 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Proton ışınları fiziksel özelliklerinden dolayı özellikle radyasyon onkolojisinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır.
Proton ışın tedavilerinde, proton ışınlarının doku içerisindeki durdurma gücü ve buna bağlı olarak hastaya verilecek
tedavi edici doz oranı oldukça önemlidir. Tarafımızdan daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda durdurma gücü parametresi
çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada daha önce geliştirdiğimiz yöntemde Hartree-Fock yük
yoğunlukları kullanılarak protonlar için akciğer, meme, prostat, yumurtalık, gırtlak gibi çeşitli insan organ dokuları
için durdurma gücü hesaplamaları gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca Monte Carlo yöntemlerinde olan MCNPX programı
kullanılarakaynı dokulara ait durdurma gücü ve doz hesaplamaları yapıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar diğer referans verilerle
karşılaştırıldı.
64
Charge-Exchange Vibrational Modes on 0+ 2- First Forbidden β Decay Transitions
Necla ÇAKMAK
Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this study, the influence of collective effects upon unique first-forbidden β decay transitions is studied. The logft
values for the0+ 2- are calculated andc ompared with experimental data, in the mass region 70 ≤ A ≤ 214.
65
Magnetic Dipole Excitations in the Actinide Nuclei
E. TABAR1, H. YAKUT1, A.A. KULIEV2, F. ERTUĞRAL1 and R. AKKAYA1
1
Sakarya University, Physics Department, Sakarya, Turkey
2
The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Email: [email protected]
In this study, some of the magnetic dipole (M1) properties of
234,235,236
U isotopes are studied within the
rotational invariant Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (RI-QRPA) and Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear
Model (QPNM). We first calculated the ground-state magnetic moment, gK and gs factors of the
235
U nucleus
using QPNM and from those, the spin interaction parameter() is determined as  = 35/A MeV. These
calculations indicated that because of the core polarization, the (gs) factors of the nucleons in the nucleus reduce
noticeable from its free nucleon value and the spin-spin interactions play an important role in the
renormalization (gseff.) of the gs factors. Later on, we calculated the M1 strength distribution in
QPNM using the phonon basis for
234
235
U within
U. We found a strong fragmentation of the magnetic dipole strength in
235
U which was in good agreement with experimental data. The calculated fragmentation of the M1 strength in
235
U is much stronger in comparison with that in
234
U. The calculated mean excitation energies as well as the
summed B(M1) value of the scissors mode excitations for
experimental data.
66
235,236
U nuclei are consistent with the available
Phenomenological and Microscopic Analysis of Elastic Scattering Reactions: 9Be+27Al
Rukiye YEĞIN1, Yusuf SERT1,2, Hatice DOĞAN1
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
2
Sorgun Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
In this study, elastic scattering of
9
Be+27Al system have been re-analyzed by using phenomenological model (WS)
and microscopic double folding model (DF) potentials within the framework of the optical model at different incident
energies. The calculations have been performed by using the FRESCO code [1]. We have used the new optical model
parameters to explain 9Be+27Al reaction in the phenomenological calculations. The real potentials in double folding
calculations have been obtained by using density distribution of 9Be nucleus existing in literature. For both the
phenomenological and double folding calculations, the imaginary potentials have the shape of the Woods-Saxon
volume. We compare the phenomenological model results with the double folding model ones as well as the
experimental data. Additionally, we have investigated the threshold anomaly in weakly bound nuclei by analyzing the
9
Be+27Al system.
Kaynaklar
[1] I. J. Thompson, Comput. Phys. Rep. 7, (1988), 167.
67
Determınıng of 238U ConcentratıonswithSpatial Analysis Methods
Seçil NİKSARLIOĞLU1, Fatih KÜLAHCI1
1
Fırat University, Science Faculty, Physics Department, 23119, Elazığ, Türkiye
Email: [email protected]
In the environment, there are many naturally occurring radionuclides including isotopes of uranium and thorium. The
amount ofnatural radiation thatexposure topeople living inthe same region change very littlefrom year to year, but
quite different concentrations can be seen even in the small area. Identifications of these radionuclides concentrations
as environmental tracers are very important for determination of background radiation. Environmental radiation
measurements cannot be measured at every study point sometimes and the study times may be limited. If the study
area is large, it is difficult to get a result; therefore, many mathematical models have been developed for identify of
radionuclide distribution and transport in the environment. In this study, predictions of
238
U concentrations are
achieved using Cumulative Semivariogram that is a spatial modeling method and Kriging method. In addition to,
reliability of these methods is compared with each other.
68
The Investigation of the Mean Field Parameters for Double Magic Nuclei
Serkan OĞUZ1, Necla ÇAKMAK1
1
Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The Gamow-Teller and isobaric analogue resonance by the mean field parameters for double magic nuclei has been
searched within the framework of quasi random phase approximation. TheGamow-Teller resonance (GTR) for double
magic nuclei has been searched within th eframework of different theoretical models. The aim of the present study is
to understand Gamow-Teller states for new double magic nuclei and to provide a motivation for the experimental
investigations in order to measure the Gamow-Teller states for these nuclides.
69
The half-lives of the 0+ 0- Beta Decays for Ge Isotopes
Sevilay KAYHAN, Necla ÇAKMAK
Karabük University, Department of Physics, Karabük, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
The half-lives of the 0+ 0- first forbidden beta transitions have been investigated for Ge isotopes. The theoretica
framework is based on a proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation. The Woods-Saxon potential basis
has been used in our calculations.
No
Isotopes
Half-lives [1]
Half-lives
1
84
1.1399
0.710
2
86
0.1951
0.141
3
88
0.0488
0.039
Ge
Ge
Ge
Table 1. The half-lives values for Ge isotopes.
Kaynaklar
[1] P.Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 66, 131, (1997)
70
Evaluation of P, D, T, 3He, and 4He Production Cross-Sections for Lead
Irradiated With Protons at Energies Up To 3 Gev
S. AKÇA1, A. Yu. KONOBEYEV2, U. FISCHER2
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Çukurova University,01330 Adana, Turkey
2
Institute for Neutron Physics and Reactor Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Evaluated p, d, t, 3He, and 4He production cross-section data for Pb irradiated with proton up to 3 GeV were obtained
from the analysis of nuclear model calculations and available experimental data. The calculations of gas production
cross-sections were performed using the intranuclear cascade model, the pre-equilibrium exciton model, geometry
dependent hybrid model, Weisskopf-Ewing model, and the Hauser-Feshbach model with CASCADE, TALYS, and
ALICE/ASH codes. The evaluation was carried out using statistical methods implemented in the BEKED code
package.
71
Sivrice (Elazığ) Fay Zonunda Radon
Sultan ŞAHİN BAL1, Mahmut DOĞRU1,2
1
Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Bitlis, Turkey
2
Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Elazığ, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Sivrice Fay Zonu; yaklaşık 5 km genişlikte, 32 km uzunlukta, kenarları normal bileşene sahip doğrultu atımlı faylarla
sınırlanmış mercek biçimli bir çöküntü alanı oluşturur. Bu fay zonu üzerine on-line olarak sürekli radon ölçümü
yapılması amacıyla radon istasyonları kurulmuştur. Radon ölçüm istasyonlarından alınan veriler, bölgenin jeolojik
oluşumu göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir.
72
Ground State Properties of Superheavy Rf Isotopes in the RMF Model
Tuncay BAYRAM1,Serkan AKKOYUN2
1
Department of Physics, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
2
Vocational School of Health, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Ground state properties of superheavy Rutherfordium isotopes have been studied within the framework of Relativistic
Mean Field (RMF) model. Ground state binding energies, neutron separation energies and quadrupole deformations
have been carried out for even-even Rf isotopes. The predictions of RMF model agree with the available experimental
data. Furthermore, effect of pairing shame on the ground state properties of Rf isotopes has been discussed in detail.
73
Neutron Emission Spectra of 83Bi Target Nucleus for (n,xn) Reaction at 7.75, 14.1, 14.2 and 20 MeV
Neutron Incident Energies
Veli ÇAPALI1, Hasan ÖZDOĞAN1,2, Abdullah KAPLAN1
1
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
2
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Biyofizik A.D., 07070, Antalya, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
In this study, neutron emission spectra of (n,xn) reaction for 83Bi nucleus have been investigated at 7.75, 14.1, 14.2
and 20 MeV neutron energies using by TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.1 pre-equilibrium nuclear reaction models.The
results have been compared with experimental data taken from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR)
library.
74
Role of the Surface Potential in Explaining the 11Li+28Si System
YASEMİN KÜÇÜK1,2
1
Akdeniz University Department of Physics, Antalya, Turkey
2
Akdeniz University Nuclear Science Application and Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
We have analyzed the well-known quasi elastic scattering data at 29MeV/nucleon of the 11Li+28Si system within the
framework of the coupled-channels model using double-folding potential with a Woods-Saxon type of imaginary part.
To explain these challenging data, we have modified the shape of the real and imaginary potentials simultaneously in
the surface region and we have been able to obtain an improved agreement with the experimental data in comparison
with the previous works conducted so far. Our findings confirm that the interactions in the surface region of two
nuclei are very important in explaining the scattering observables of such light-heavy nuclei reactions. Our work also
shows that the dynamical polarization potential should be attractive for this system.
75
Determination and Geostatistical Modelling of Gross Alpha, Gross Beta Activity Values in Natural
Spring Water in Trabzon, Rize and Artvin Provinces
Y. KOBYA1, C. M. YEŞİLKANAT2, B. ÇAKIR3
1
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
2
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Trabzon, Artvin and Rize where being the most northeast of the Turkey are three cities take place an area
approximately 18000 km2 large. Samples was collected from totally 20 potable water supplies into the cities and their
gross alpha and gross beta activity values were measured with Berthold LB770 marked alpha, beta counting device.
Activity values of the samples were evaluated value ranges 1.7- 114.2 Bq/L for gross alpha and 2.9-90.8 Bq/L for
gross beta. The results were compared with world health organization (WHO) limits and other similar studies.
Classical statistical calculations were performed for obtained datas. Also, iso-dose trajectories were created by using
geo-statistical analyzes method and represented onto the map. So, a risk map was sketched.
76
Elektronlar İçin RHF Yoğunluklarını Kullanarak Durdurma Gücü ve Menzil Hesaplamaları
Zeynep YÜKSEL, M. Çağatay TUFAN
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
Email: [email protected]
Elektron demetleri tıpta ve teknolojide yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hızlı elektronların madde ile etkileşmesinin
sonuçlarını ön görmede en önemli parametrelerden ikisi durdurma gücü ve menzildir. Tarafımızdan daha önce yapılan
çalışmalarda bu iki parametre çeşitli yöntemler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada daha önce geliştirdiğimiz
yöntemde Roothaan-Hartree-Fock (RHF) yük yoğunlukları kullanılarak tekrar gerçekleştirildi. Bu yoğunlukların
hesaplanmasında hedef atomun RHF taban durumu atomik dalga fonksiyonları literatürden (C.F.Bunge,
J.A.Barrientosand, A.V.Bunge, 1993) elde edildi. Durdurma gücü elektronik ve ışımalı olmak üzere iki farklı
mekanizmanın sonucu olarak hesaplandı. Elde edilen bu değerlerin toplamından ise hedefin toplam durdurma gücünü
elde edildi. Toplam durdurma gücünün hesaplanmasından sonra ise menzil değerleri sürekli yavaşlama yaklaşımı
(CSDA) kullanılarak hesaplandı. Hesaplamalar su molekülü ve göğüs dokusu için gerçekleştirildi.
77
PARTICIPANT LIST
Ali Ekber KULİEV
The National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan,
AZERBAIJAN
Yücel CANÇELİK
University of Gaziantep, TURKEY
Cevad SELAM
Muş Alparslan University, TURKEY
Serdar ÜNLÜ
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, TURKEY
Erol ARCAKLIOGLU
The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey
Aykut ELMAS
University of Gaziantep, TURKEY
İsmail BOZTOSUN
Akdeniz University, TURKEY
Seyit Okan KARA
Nigde University, TURKEY
Jameel-Un NABI
Gulham Ishak Khan Institute, PAKISTAN
Gökhan KOÇAK
Erciyes University, TURKEY
Salih SARI
Bora CANBULA
Celal Bayar University, TURKEY
The Republic of Turkey The Ministry of Energy and
Natural Resources, TURKEY
Osman YILMAZ
Middle East Technical University, TURKEY
Salih Cem İNAN
Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY
Takhmasib M. ALİEV
Middle East Technical University, TURKEY
Esra YÜKSEL
Yıldız Technical University, TURKEY
Lorenzo FORTUNATO
Padova University, ITALY
Alper BİLLUR
Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY
Salim ORAK
Istanbul Commerce University, TURKEY
İlkin SENCAR
Celal Bayar University, TURKEY
Erdal DİKMEN
Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY
Çiğdem YAŞAR
Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY
Mahmut BÖYÜKATA
Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart University, TURKEY
Mehmet GÜNER
Sakarya University, TURKEY
Aydan ALTIKULAÇ
Ondokuz Mayıs University, TURKEY
Emre TABAR
Sakarya University, TURKEY
Ali TUTAY
Istanbul University, TURKEY
Huseynqulu QULİYEV
Sakarya University, TURKEY
78
Melek YILMAZ ŞENGÜL
Bahçeşehir University, TURKEY
Veli ÇAPALI
Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY
Asiye GÜROL
Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY
Recep AKKAYA
Sakarya University, TURKEY
Mehmet ERDOĞAN
Selçuk University, TURKEY
Hakan YAKUT
Sakarya University, TURKEY
Mehmet KOÇAK
University of Gaziantep, TURKEY
Sibel AKÇA
Çukurova University, TURKEY
Ayben KARASU UYSAL KTO
Karatay University, TURKEY
Rukiye YEĞİN
Bozok University, TURKEY
Serkan AKKOYUN
Cumhuriyet University, TURKEY
Asiye GÜROL
Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY
Tayfun IŞIK
İsmail Alper YALÇINKAYA
Hakan PEKDOĞAN
Kırıkkale University, TURKEY
Zeynep YÜKSEL
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, TURKEY
Yasemin KÜÇÜK
Akdeniz University, TURKEY
Güney GÜRSOY
Ahi Evran University, TURKEY
Serhat URUK
Gaziantep University, TURKEY
Metin USTA
Mustafa Kemal University, TURKEY
Tahsin BABACAN
Celal Bayar University, TURKEY
Seçil NİKSARLIOĞLU
Fırat University, TURKEY
Şadiye ÇAKMAK
Celal Bayar University, TURKEY
Gönül BAŞBUĞ
Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY
Ozan ARTUN
Bulent Ecevit University, TURKEY
Sevilay KAYHAN
Karabük University, TURKEY
Kaan MANİSA
Dumlupınar University, TURKEY
Serkan OĞUZ
Karabük University, TURKEY
Alper SİNAN
Sinop University, TURKEY
Mehmet AKÇA
Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY
Sultan ŞAHİN BAL
Bitlis Eren University, TURKEY
Tuncay BAYRAM
Sinop University, TURKEY
Harun Reşit YAZAR
Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, TURKEY
Fatih KARA
Karabük University, TURKEY
Abdullah KAPLAN
Süleyman Demirel University, TURKEY
Necla ÇAKMAK
Karabük University, TURKEY
79
Filiz ERTUĞRAL
Sakarya University, TURKEY
M. Çağatay TUFAN
Ondokuz Mayıs University, TURKEY
Ercan YILDIZ
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, TURKEY
Songül AKBULUT
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY
Canan AKSOY
Avrasya University, TURKEY
Nilüfer AS
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY
Yaşar KOBYA
Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY
Aylin HACISALİHOĞLU
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY
Cafer Mert YEŞİLKANAT
Artvin Çoruh University, TURKEY
Burcu EROL
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, TURKEY
Mikail DİREKÇİ
Bozok University, TURKEY
Nilüfer DEMİRCİ
Sakarya University, TURKEY
Yusuf SERT
Bozok University, TURKEY
Hakan YILMAZ
Karadeniz Technical University, TURKEY
Sema Nur KESKİNOĞLU
C. Cüneyt ERSANLI
Sinop University, TURKEY
Ayhan KARA
Sinop University, TURKEY
Onur Rauf YILMAZ
Sinop University, TURKEY
İhsan ULUER
Karabük University, TURKEY
Fatma Bilge YILDIZ
Gazi University, TURKEY
İsmail Hakkı SARPÜN
Afyon Kocatepe University, TURKEY
Ramazan BULUR
Celal Bayar University, TURKEY
Humbat AHMADOV
University of Gaziantep, TURKEY
Hatice DOĞAN
Erhan ESER
Gazi University, TURKEY
Fahrettin HOCAOĞLU
İbrahim YİĞİTOĞLU
Gaziosmanpasa University, TURKEY
Hüseyin KOÇ
Kutsal BOZKURT
Yildiz Technical University, TURKEY
Turgay KURŞUN
Bayram DEMİR
Istanbul University, TURKEY
80

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