Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com
Issn: 1307-9581
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18' -)-
&%(2 />%Y QM - -5:
El-Câhiz, el-Beyân ve’t-tebyîn, Abdusselâm M. Hârûn, III, Dâru’lfikr, 1996, 43.;El-Kazvînî, Telhîs, Telhis ve Tercümesi, Haz. Nevzat
Yanık, Mustafa Kılıçlı, Sadi Çö enli, Huzur Yay. Da ., stanbul.; EsSekkâki, Miftâhu’l-‘ulûm, el-Mektebetu’l-‘ilmiyye, Beyrut.; Sürûrî,
Bahru’l-Ma’ârif, Ankara Millî kütüphane, Nr.: 06 Mil Yz A 8841.;
smail-i Ankaravî, Miftâhü’l-Belâga ve Misbâhü’l-Fesâha, haz. Fatih
Ülken, (Yayımlanmamı Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ege Üniversitesi, 1990;
Ahmed Hamdi,Belâgat-ı Lisân-ı Osmânî ( nceleme-Metin-Dizin) haz.
Atabey Kılıç, Laçin Yayınevi, Kayseri 2007.;Ahmed Cevdet Pa a,
Belâgat-ı Osmâniyye, haz. Yard. Doç. Dr. Turgut Karabey-Yard. Doç.
Dr. Mehmet Atalay, Akça , Ankara 2000.;Yekta Saraç, Klasik Edebiyat
Bilgisi Belâgat, Bilimevi Yayınları, stanbul 2007.
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Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
160
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(2+ = 3+ : *(23 - .1)-1 M*(2+9/>%2( +1)(1N %(;' -2.17-/. +5+1
% 1 /& ( 5-*- >/ ( +27(/+ ( (' +9+1+ +?-)( ( 7(' ()+ =
S=
(23 - (02+`*(23 - ( *3*.H
P/-0+4Q: P732+'Q: P7-03( 2+Q: P*(<( +'2+Q: P / -Q +*+
-12-72- - (2(1P(02Q ;( P( *3*Q '(2+7(2( +: @
;31 63+ 2( +1+1:
*(23 '(2+7(/+ +2( *+ 2+' ( 58' /.' ' 22-1).9.
'(2+7(2( )+ =P 02R+ *(23 - Q: P*(23 - (02+Q: P( *3*R. *(23 - Q
;(,- P*(23 - ( *-*.Q +*+ -72-7-2- .1 (5 +9+ *(,+ 2( )(
63+ 2( : (1(22+'2( *(23 - - / - ;( 730+ 82-1 +1/-12- . *+
%&7 ( 82- -' )&6&1& 2( =
) 7)- '+7+ %-7-1 '(1)+2( +1+
8 %&7 ()(1 *+ + 82- -' > & 2( : '+7+ %-7-1)- 8 %&7 ()( (1
+,+ 82) '2- . +))+-/.1)- * 2 1 2- = ( +'+ ) 7)- )- * :
812- +5+1 *+ >;&15 '-,1-9.). =
,822- 0(7 *(23 - .1
(0(77+,( +1+ ;
2-7.6 82 2- 0(7 )( *(23 - %&7 (/+1)(
827-2- .,2- ,- )- * %&7 ()( (1 (0+2: (1 / - '+6+ 827-2- .,2+?+0- ()( 2( H
Z7R. 2-d2R+ )+2*( + ;-i?+ 7()( /+a (,2( &%
Zd+ R+ /+a RZ6+1Z, % *+% *(2Z
*(2Z[- (02+,&%
(,31@M =TGU`UN
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
161
M (; +2+1+1 6- -4 +*+ '. 7.%.: /- 086 ()+<+ ) )-9.1.
-12- 7- 0 / / 1)- /+0+ ,-4- .%= +% /+0+ *+2(1 63+ 2( +%:
*(23 - (02+,+%=N
(,31@1+1 * *(, +1)( >%(22+'2( )+''- 5('(1 18' P6Zd+ R+ /+a RZ6+1Z, %Q ;( P*(2Z[- (02+,&%Q +?-)(2( +1+1 *+
- -)- ' 22-1.27-/.). =
+'+/+ 3)( 3 *+ *+ +1+1 -5.'2-,.<./.
+*+)+ = "&1'& +2' 7./ -)- /(; +2+1+1 &%(22+9+1+ -12- 7-)/+0+ ,-4.'2- .1. *(2+ (1 63+ : +'+1<+ 7./ -)- '(1)+2( +1+ /+0+
*+2(1 63+ 2( : ,-1+ *(23 - (02+ 63+ 2( 82- -' 1+ (2(1)+ + =
-)- P*(23 - Q P/+0+ Q2(: P63+ Q )( P(0+2Q +2( 7& ( 3)+?
' 22-1.27.6 . = (,+ ( *(2+9;( *&,&2(,+<+ 6++ />,2(,(1 63+ 2(
*+ %&7 ( 82- -' )&6&1&27&6 ;( * %&7 (,( P*(23 - (02+Q
)(1+27+6 + =
j. - 827- %Z0+)Zd-6_ 7 a-_\_- )& )+,&
+% *(2Z
82 ?(1)( Z<+a)& 7(<Z%
*(2Z[- (02+,&%
2+
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =SVA`UN
M , %30+)c (1+7 -6'.7 0-'@'- + : )+,(
2-17-= +%
*(23 - (02+,+%: *(23 - +27+1)( 7(<3%: 58' ( <+0()+2+ =N
*(,+ ( 32( @
: *(23 - (02+1+ 842 2 'C *(23 - . )+2+7`?(1 82- -' )&6&17&6 & =
- - *(2@
9 *+
/>%
+5+1P7(<3%Q.1:*(23 - (02+ - -/.1)- 58' ( <+0 ()+2)+9+1+ )(
+?-)( ( 7+6 + = 1- > ( %30+)2( : *(23 - (02+1+1 -'/+1(
7(<3%)-1: +1<( 73132. />%2( )(1 -12-7-,-1 '+*+ 2+ *+
842 2 ' =
)(b2& <(; ( )( Zk\ 82 ). l-*dR. /(2\7
(2Z
2+1( l-d1 + 7(/( a-/^)R. d-1\)
(2Z[- (02+
/'&)- 2. . @M!=T`ETN
M 9( +1- 5. 0-/( +1/-12- : *(23 - (02+1+ -62-7-/-:
-,.42-7-/-C &%(2 0 ,2 2- : 0( (%+,( ( 82) 9 +*+ * 1- ).%- >/ ( + 2( : e/(/ ( 7(%2( )+f=N
> &2)&9& &%( ( . @ )( *(23 - (02+1+ *+ 842 2 '
82- -' -/-;; ( 7+6 + = !- 6.2- .1)- )- 812- . -,.42-,-1:
+1- 5. ;( 0-/( +1/-12- ;- ). = . @+5+1 *(23 - (02+: 8 '-)'.,7( 2+ *+ %&7 ()+ '+ 0( 5(6+ <(?3 ;( (%+,( ( '- 2-1-1
&%(2 0 ,2 +1/-12- C *(23 - (02+1+1 0-/( ()(12( - -?.1)-1
,( +27(/+1(: -,.42-17-/.1- -0-77&2 ()(7(7(' ()+ 2( =
02R
)\;Z1RR. *(2Z[
2R+ )\;Z1
*(2Z[- )-1 82 4 +,)&7 '& '
m-17- 4(/R4Z,( *(1+ >,2( /&]-1R/Z% 82) 7
X ;-''+ R%3)( ( (; M!-/@
)(`FBN
M (23 - )@;31.1.1`7(<2+/+1+1 *+ 7(1/ * 82 4 '& '
+,)+7= (1+ *>,2( *-/+ : )&6&' & *(2+ /-17-: 5&1'& *(1 )(
/>% / -/. 82) 7=N
(,+ (1 -12-6.2).9. '-)- .,2- *(23 - (02+ 7(<2+/+1+1
7(1/ * 827-': / - & /-0+*+ 827-' . =
/ - &,& >/ ( (1 +'+
1/ ;- ). H
12- )-1 *+ +1<+/+ '& ' +,7(' '+ * : *+
'+6+1+1 842 7)-'+ '81 7 1 )- >/ ( + = '+1<+/+ )( P/&0-1R
/3%Q ,-1+ P/>% / -/.Q 827-' ;( *>,2(<( /. -)-12.' -1
5.'7-' -). = > &2)&9& &%( ( *(23 - 7(<2+/+1)( * 2 17-'
*+ -, .<-2.': *+ &/ &12&' & =
7(<2+/ ( * 2 17-1.1 6- .
;(,- * 7(<2+/( +1 +/-42- '-%-1.2-1 ;-/.? P/>%
827-' . =
/ -/.Q
(2Z[
(2Z[- (02+1(
2+ Z*R. (;Z1 (2& 1-g7 7
-1- 6( Z (2( +1)(1 ;(2\' l-*dR. a-/^)
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M!=F`UN
M (1+7 6++ +7 *(23 - (02+1( 0-,- +*+)+ : ?-'- 0-/(
()(12( : './'-152.' - (62( +1)(1 ,-1- 2- =N
. @1+1 *(, +1)( 82) 9
+*+ * -)- )- *(23 ( *3*.1.1 '- 6./.1)-: 812- . 5('(7(,(1: './'-1-1: 0-/( 5+
+1/-12- ;- ). = (, ( > ( 32( @1+1 6++ 2( +: *(23 - / -2- .
+5+1 / +*+: 0-,- +*+)+ =
-)- 32( @
: *(2@
9 ;( ?-/@
0 />%&1
%+ ;(/+ 82-1 ! 31R. !( @
7 )('+n M! 31N: +1-1-12- +5+1
*+ 0+)3,( ;( 6+?3'-,1-9.). = 1-17-,-12- .1 ' 2-'2- .1)- *+
-9. 2.' ;- ). ;( ! 31 812- - '-4-2. ;( -12-6.27-% (2+ =n
M //.2( `UUN 3,( +1( (27+0( * 2 1- -' '(1)+ />%2( +1+1
+1-1-12- -`*(23 - (02+1( *+ 6+?3`3*R. 0-,3 82) 9 1 -7+1-17-,-12- -`0-/() ()(12( ( -12-7/.% (2)+9+1+ +?3)( ( 7('
+/ (7+6 )(1+2(*+2+ = >,2(<( 63+ : />%2( +1+1 1( )(12+ *(2@
9 ;(
?-/@
082) 9 1- )- +6- ( ( 7+6 + =
&2*&2 )( &2 * ^1( %(7+/ Z1R. * ]2)(
02R
*(2Z[[- b*+2(
&?Z . _-27-).
2R+ *(2Z
b
3*+ 3/3M =SFS`SN
M
<+7 + '.6 7(;/+7+1)(: *. -'.1 *&2*&2&: *(23 (02+1+1 *+2( />%& '-27-7.6 . =N
!23/+' ()(*+,- '&2 & &1)( /(/+1+1 &%(22+9+ +2( *+2+1(1:
( (11&7&,2( )+12(,(12( + 7(/ ()(1 P*&2*&2Q +2( P*(23 (02+Q: * *(,+ ( *+ - -)- ' 22-1.27.6 . = -'- -12-6.2).9.
'-)- .,2- *(23 - (02+: &%(2 />% />,2(7()( *&2*&2)(1 )-0&/ &1)& = + - *(,+ ( *&2*&2 ;( *(23 - (02+ - -/.1)- *+
7 '-,(/( ,-4.27.6: * 7 '-,(/()( (02R+ *(23 - *&2*&2)(1
&/ &1 > &27&6 & =
'- .)-'+ *(,+ 2( )( P*(23 - (02+QC &%(2: ( '+2(,+<+:
*&,&2(,+<+ />%)(1`7313)-1`6++ )(1 -12-,-1 * 0 / / - 730+
82-1 *+ %&7 ( 82- -' -/;+ ()+27+6 + = -2- .1)- *+ 5('+67(
827-).9. +*+ +*+ %-0+)2( (: 0-/( 5+2( ( '- 6. )- *+
- -)-). 2- = 1<-' *-%(1 *(23 - (02+: *(23 - -'+ 7-0- ( ;(
/ -2.'2- . 18' -/.1)- *+ *+ 2( + +2( ('-*( ( + ( 2( : )89 )-1
;(,- )82-,2. 82- -' *(23 / -2.'2- .1.1 &/ &12&9& +2(
>;&1& 2( H
+2'R+ <(;Z0+ R+ /&]-1 7 ,+1( . .,Z
\*R+ '(?+ )+ (02R
*(2Z[
[- a-? +*+
2R+ *(2Z
/'&)- 2. . @M =FFA`EN
M , . @c (1+7 />% <(;0( 2( +7+1+4+1+: *(23 - (02+:
0()+,( +*+ ,+1( (2+1( /&/ ,-4.=N
-)- 63+ : 1(%+0 *+ &/2&42- '(1)+/+1+ *(23 - ( *3*.
- -/.1)- >;7(' ()+ = + - . @1+1 <(;0( +*+ />%2( +1+1
)+%+2)+9+ *+ +4+: *(23 - (02+ +2 +15 *+ 0()+,( +*+ (22( +1( /&/
,-47-' -). = 3+ : * -)- *+ (2(1(9+ )( 0- . 2- - -' *(23 / -2- . - -/.1)- >1(72+ *+
,( ( /-0+4 82) 9 1
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
162
/>,2(7(' ()+ = @3 *+ 6(,+ 0- . 2-7-' +5+1 +1/-12- : (22( +1(
+4 *-92- 2- = 02R+ *(23 - )- . @1+1 />% +1<+2( +1+1 )+%+2)+9+
+4+ (22( +1( /&/ ,-47-' / ( +,2( *(2+9 ;( ?-/+0 />%& 0(7
0- . 2-,-<-'2- 0(7 '(1)+2( + +5+1 > 1(' -2-<-'2- ). =
(1(7 82 1Z)+ (R ^,ZR,. ( *Z
*Z*R. *(2Z
*(2Z[- '+7
d *Z Z 7 +6+)(12( 7-dZ +?+' +/Z* (,2(
37@M!=FF`TVN
M (23 - / -2- . +5( +/+1)( %- +?: 1&' (2+ />% />,2(,(1 '+6+
*(1+7= >%2( +7+ +6+ (12( : 7- +?( 2( '-%-1. =N
*(,+ ( 37@
: *(23 - (02+ +5( +/+1)( '(1)+/+1+1 -, .
*+ ,( + ;( &/ &12&9& 82) 9 1 )+2( ( + 7(' ()+ = 3+ :
*(23 - ( *3*. +5( +/+1)( %- +?;( 1&' (2+ />%2( +,2( (7(,,&%
( 7(' ()+ = "&1'& 81 1 />%2( +1+ +6+ (12(
7- +?(
'-%-17-' -). = -1+ 63+ +1 />%& 7313;( + ?-12- )82 ) =
o-i\)(7 7+)a- &b2( a?(R,+ 7&2'R+ 7(dZ1\)&
1. *+ *+ +1( (02R
2R+ *(2Z
*(2Z[- *( R &%Z (,2(
X(%3'@M!=W`FBBN
M (1+1 >; &12( '-/@)(7 73132- &2'(/+1+1 *+
0()+,(/+)+ = (23 - (02+: '-/@)(7+ *+ *+ +1( - 7-9-1 ()( =N
3+ : 7313,. &2'(,( ;( 7( 0( +9+ '+6+ +5+1 ,-%).9.
'-/@
)(/+1+ )( 73132- &2'(/+1( / 1 27 6 *+ 0()+,(,(
*(1%( 7(' ()+ =
0()+,(1+1 )(9( +1+ (1 +,+ *+2(12( : &%(2
73132- )-1 -12-,-1 *(23 - (02+)+ = "&1'& 812- : 63+ +1
'-/@
)(/+1+
*+ *+ +1(
0()+,(
( 7(' (:
(2)(1
(2(
)82-6 . 7-' -). =
-)- -*+@'+ >;&17( )( />% '81 / ) =
3+ '(1)+ '-/@
)(/+1+1: *(23 - (02+ - -?.1)-1 *+ *+ +1( 0()+,(
()+2)+9+1+ />,2(,( (' '-/@
)(/+1+1 '.,7( +1(: &/ &12&9&1(
)82-,./.,2- '(1)+ / -2.9.1- +63( ( 7(' ()+ =
T=
(23 -
(11+ H
( 5(' 7313)- +2+7: 7- +?( ;( /-1 - 82- -' '-* 2
()+2(1 P*(23 - Q.1: )@
;31 6++ +1)( P+2+7Q: P/-1- Q P7- +?( Q:
P0&1( Q -12-72- .1- (2(1 ?(1 '(2+7(/+,2( *+ 2+' ( ' 22-1.2).9.
> &27(' ()+ = /2-7 842 72- .1)- ' /-2 '-,1-'2- .1 )(6;+'+,2( +27( ;( 7- +?( (: 32+7( ;( 3+?( 58' >1(7 ;( +27+6:
0& 7( ()+27+6 + =
*-92-7)- *(23 - .1 *+ ?(1`+2+7 82- -'
)&6&1&2)&9& *(,+ 2( )(: 63+ 2( : )89 )-1 ,- )- )82-,2. 82- -'
* +2+7)('+ / -2.'2- .,2- >;&17&62( )+ = (7 * ?(1)('+
&/ &12&'2( +1+ )+2( ( + 7(,( 0(7 *(23 - .1 *+ +2+7 82- -'
>1(7+1+ ;
2-7-,- 5-2.67.62- ). H
( d+27 +/( 7-_i-) 0( ?&1^1- +1 +/Z*.7 ;(2Z[.
(2Z[- +/( (*'(7 (,2( +7 1 l_ 72- -0*Z1p
&1*&2R%3)( (0*@M!=SG`SUN
M 9( 7-'/- +2+7/( 0( +2+72( -23'-7 ;- ). = X-'/*(23 - +/( />%2( +72( -0*31 . e*+2(f/ /
7=N
(0*@
C *(23 - .: +27+1 7& ( 3)+?+ 82- -' ' 22-17.6 . =
!(1)+/+ * +2+7)( 8 '-)- 0&1( 2+)+ '+ * +27+1
' < 2- .1)-1 82-1
-0*31 . *+2( / /
= -0*31:
-*+/ -1 )- 3+2 '-*+2(/+1)(1 82 4 0(7 <30+2+,( )>1(7+1)(
0(7 /81 -/.1)- 0+ 3*( : *(23 - ;( ?(/30- +2+72( +1)( 58'
7(60 827 6 *+ +/+)+ = - - -42- *(23 - +27+1)( 03%.'
82-1 '+6+2( +5+1 P(*2-9 7+1( /R -0*31Q: ,-1+ P -0*31 )-1
)-0- *(2@
9Q -12-7.1)-'+ )- *R. 7(/(2+ ' 22-1. 2- 7.6=
M
7 6R %: SBBWH EFSN
1-g7. Z6+)Z a,Z ,- d- % + '+7 -1 b l-*d.
7^%RZ7^%R. )( /R+ 1&/]-R,.?
(11RR+ *(2Z
?(11
*(2Z[- )
36+) M =TA`FFN
M , 36+)c 6++ +: 0,3,- - % ( '+ 81 1 '+ -*.` -*+ - .:
*(23 - +27+1+1 )( / '+ -*.1.1 +%2+ 73132- .1. 5>%&<&)& =N
36+) +1 * *(, +1( > ( *(23 - C 0-''.1)- '+ -42,-%.2-1: 7(' (42( )( )( / 82- -' 8' 2-1: -1<-' ( *3*.1.1
-12-,-<-9. +%2+ 73132- +5( (1 *+ +2+7)+ `?(1)+ = !(1)+/+ )(
>,2( *(2@
9 6++ ,-%7.6 . '+ * 6++ + 0( '(/ -12-,-7-%: /-)(<(
,- - .2.6. *(23 - +27+1+1 )( / '+ -*.1)-'+ +%2+ 73132- .1
5>%&<&/& 82-1 0,3 -12- =
-)- 7 0(7(2(1 -%%32@1+1
0,3/.1- *+ (27+0;- ). =
qZ2( \ 82). * &1 ?(11
(11RR+ *(2Z
*(2Z[- )- 0(%Z
!+7/( _- 6 (2(7(% -b- ,-; % 6Zd+ )&
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =SGE`EN
M 32( @: * &1 *(23 - ?(11+1)(`+27+1)( &/ -) 82) =
!+7/( 81- '- 6. (2(7(%: 8 &52& 63+ )+ =N
32( @
: * *(, +1)( *(23 - .: *+ +2+7 82- -' )&6&17('2(
*+ 2+' (: *(23 - ;( 6++ R63+ - -/.1)-'+ -23'-,. )- +?-)(
( 7+6 + = "&1'& *(23 - +27+1)( &/ -) 82) 9 1 />,2()+' (1
/81 - '(1)+/+1+1 +,+ *+ 63+ 82) 9 1 ;( 0+5*+ 63+ +1: 81 1
'- 6./.1)- *+ +))+-)- * 2 1-7-,-<-9.1. *(2+ 7+6 + =
(1+7 )( ];3<(R,+ ?(11R
*(2ZZ[- 82) [ 7 1
(11R+ *(2
!-/\)(R];312.[.). )(2\2 & *& 0Z1.
6 (? -6- M!= SF`AWN
M (1+7: *(23 - +27+1+1 08<-/. 82) 9 7 1 +/4- . ;(
)(2@2+: '-/@)( />,2(,+<+2+9+7)+ =N
3+ : *(,+ ( *(23 - . *+ +2+7 82- -' '(1)+/+1+ )( 8 +27+1
&/ 3). 82- -' -/-;;
( 7+6C * 1- )(2+2 )( '-/@
)(2( +1+
>/ ( 7+6 + =
-)- )- 63+ +1 >;&15 ;(/+2(/+ *(23 - +27+1)('+
/ -2.9.). =
+,,(7Z '(r( R+ 6>0 ( 2( * d-*)R+ -a__-)- 827 6 +'(1 ?(11
(11RR+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )- ?( \)
X(60D @M!=SU`TSN
M
0-'@ ' 2:>%(22+'2(*(23 ?(11+1)(`+27+1)(
6>0 ( +1+1 58'2 9 ,2- * )( (<( ('`(6/+% 827 6'(1Y N
3+ X(60D @
: 7-02-/.1- )- >1)( 7( ,-4- -' *(23 +27+1)(: %-7-1.1)- (' 82) 9 1 ;( * ,>1&,2( 58' 7(60
82) 9 1 *(2+ 7(' ()+ = (23 - ?(11+1)( %-7-1.1 ?( @
)+
827-'2- +?+0- ( 7(' ()+ =
( 5+ 4\ R+ )Z1Z)
>b&2 ?(11R
*(2ZZ[- )(11R+ *(2
(2\ 827-% )(*+/ Z1R. r(1Z1 bl.?2R. 1Z)Z1.
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
163
3'@M!=E`TUN
M >1&2: ( 5+ *(23 - +27+1)( *+2 +1 *+ 4@)+ =
7(' (*+1+1 <30+2 58< 9 827-%=N
; &
3'@,( > ( *(23 - *+ +2+7: >1&2 )( * +27+ *+2(1 *+
4@)+ = >1&2: >; & 7(' (*+1)( 8' ,-1 <30+2 *+ 58< '
)(9+2)+ = 3'@
: *+ ?(1`+2+7 82- -' )&6&1)&9& *(23 - -: )82-,2.
82- -' / -2.9.1. >;7(' ()+ = (,+ ( P4@R+ )313Q1.1 '- 6./.1P .?2R. 13)31Q. '8,-1 3'@
: P?(11R+ *(23 - Q.1 '- 6./.1- )P)(*+/ 31R. /(13Q,. ,-1+ P7()0+,( 7(' (*+1+Q ( + ( ('
*(23 - +27+1+1 &/ &12&9&1(;
,-47.6 . = , .<- 7()0+,(
7(' (*+1+ '&5&' > 7('2( /-)(<( >;7(' +5+1 ,-%.2-1: *(2@
9
;( ?-/@
0827-,-1 6++ 2( + ;( 63+ 2( + ,( 7(' ()+ =
&' (R,+ 2-d2&b *()\d 827-,- _.2 /- *(,Z1
,2(,&1?
(11RR+ *(2Z[
?(11
*(2Z[- &% ( -a*Z1 +2( *-ar
(23'@M =FG`TN
M (1+1 ) )-9.1.1 +1<( 73132- .: *()@`(/ ( +' 827-,.
*(,31 ()( /(: *(23 - +27+ &%( +1( -0*31 +2( /80*( ()+1=N
3+ :*(23 - . +2+7`?(1 -12-7.1)- ' 22-1).9. +*+ 1&' (
M7( 31@
N: *()@ ;( *(,31 '-; -72- . +2( (; +,( ,-4- -'
*(23 - .1 &5 (7(2 1/ 1- )- +6- ( ( 7+6 + = , .<- 63+ :
P -0*31Q +/7+1+ %+' ( 7('2( *(23 - +27+1+1 (57+6+1(
>1)( 7( ,-47.6 . =
-b- _Zs+2 82 ). qZ2( \?
(11RR+ *(2
*(2ZZ[- )?(11
( Z,\1(R,+ l-*d b > (,)+ l^l+R,+ D,3
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =FV`EN
M , 32( @c 9( '81 6-*+2(1 4-4-9-1: /(1+1 -*+- .1.1
-,1-/.1. > /(,)+: *(23 - +27+1)( /-1- *8, 1 (9( )+=N
!23/+' & ' 6++ +1)( 589 %-7-1 *&2*&2 ;( 4-4-9-1 &%(2
;( ( '+2(,+<+ />%&1 /+7 (/+ 82- -' ' 22-1.27.6 . = 3+ 2( :
*-%(1 '(1)+2( +1+ *
18' -)- *&2*&2 ;( 4-4-9-1*(1%( 7+62( )+ = 1<-' * *(,+ ( ' 2-1: 63+ R &%(2 />%R
4-4-9-1 &52(7(/+1)( 63+ : '(1)+ &/ &12&9&1& )+2(
( + 7(' ()+ = "&1'& />% /-1- .1.1 /+7 (/+ 82-1 4-4-9-1C
i3+ +1 6++ 2( +1+ > /(,)+: 0+5 6&40(/+% 63+ ( 3*@ 82 ) =
+2+1)+9+ &%( ( 4-4-9-1.1 -1-;- -1. +1)+/ -1 '-* 2 ()+2+ =
3+ : >%(22+'2( 6++ ;( ()(*+,- - / -2.'2- .,2- *+2+1(1 +1
63+ 2( +1+ 4-4-9-1- *(1%( 7+6C *>,2(<( '(1)+/+1+1 6++ 2( +1+
> )&'2( +1)( 812- .1 *+2( '(1)+/+1( *8, 1 (9(<('2( +1( +63(
( 7+6: )(1+2(*+2+ =
U= (23 - !31 1 H
P!31 1QCP' -2Q: P,-/-Q ;( P1+%-7Q -12-72- .1- (2)+9+
+*+ !23/+' & ' 7&%+9+1)( ' 22-1.2-1 *+ 7&%+' 32( +1+1
-).). =
-4.2-1 - -7- 1( +<(/+1)(
@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1:
*(23 - .:7&%+' (1/ &7-1. 82-1 '31 1 +2( 1+ (2()+'2( +
> &27&6 & = (23 - : &%(2 />%C'31 1 )- &%(2 /(/ 5.'- -1 *+
(1/ &7-1827-/. /(*(*+,2( *(23 - 2-'31 1 - -/.1)- *+ *-9
' 27 6 =
(23 - *+ '31 1- *(1%( +2+1<( 63+ 2( +1
'-2(72( + ;( ?+'+ 2( +:'31 1 1 7 .*.1- ;(,- 7.% -*.1*(1%( +27+6 + = +'+ ;( 0-,32 7 .*. ;(,- 7.% -*.: *(23 '31 1 1- ; 2 1<-: 03+'- 1-97(2( 8 -,- 5.'7-' -). H
-_i+)( 1-[7(R,+ _Z1^
_Z1^1R. *(2Z
*(2Z[- 2- ?(2('
(/ +1( 7 l .*R. (1)\6(7 -2.1<- 7.k Z*
(?@M!=TS`EVN
M (1+7 ?+'+ /3%(1)(7: (2+1( 7.% -*. -2).9. %-7-1C ?(2(':
*(23 - '31 1 1 1 1-97(2( +,2( )-1/ ()( =N
(?@
: *(23 - .: 5.'- ).9. &%(2 1-97(2( +1 ( '+/+,2( ?(2(9+
)-1/ ( + (1 *+ '31 1- *(1%( 7+6 + =
'31 1- 7.% -*.
; -1: ,-1+ *(23 - '31 1 1 1 1-97(2( +1+ 8 -,- 5.'- -1:
(?@1+1 )&6&1<(2( +)+ = &/1R+ - 2@
2,82 ,2- ?(2(9+1 )>17(
/(*(*+1+ *(23 - '31 1 1 1 1-97(/+1( *-92-,-1
(?@
:
-/2.1)- 0( 6(,+ />%( *-92-7-' -). = @3 0( 6(, />%2(
*-62-7.6 . :
- - .<. 1.1 P'&1Q/>%&,2( ?(2('2( )>17(,(
*-62-7.6 . =
oZ1^1R
oZ1^1R. *(2Z[*(2Z[- ))- ,+1( 1-_6Rl. Z% 82
, ]Z7(R,+ ]86R2(05(R,+ Zs+% 1-[-7 (,2(
)+ 1(2+ 3+% M =UU`EN
M , 3+% +1 &%(2 />%2& '-2(7+c +1( *(23 - '31 1 1)1-'.6 5+%(1 82: 1-97(2( />,2(=N
3+ : *(23 - .: 6++ (1/ &7-1. 82-1 '31 1-C '(1)+
'-2(7+1+ )( 8 '31 1)-1 &%(2 /(/2( : 1-97(2( 5.'- -<-'
7.% -*- *(1%( 7+6 + =
-)- *(23 - : 63+ +1 7- +?( +,2( 0&1(
;( / -2.' >/ ( (<(9+ *+ (1/ &7-1 82- -' -/-;;
()+27+6 + =
tZ7(7 82 7 l .*
.*RR. _Z1^1R
*(2Z[_Z1^1R. *(2Z
[- ) '+7
-[7(R/(1<\R,+ 7(dZ1\,( (/( ( /( _.,Z7
/'&)- 2. . @M!=W`UVN
M!-2(7+7: 8 *(23 - '31 1 1 /3%(1)(/+)+ '+ 73132- .1
1-97( ( 3%+/+1( )(9/(: ( 3%+ '.,37 ()( =N
+ >1<('+ *(,+ 2( ,-'.1 *(1%( 7(2( +1 * 2 1) 9 *
*(,+ ( 63+ C *(23 - . '31 1-: '-2(7+1+ )( '31 1 5-2-1 7 .**(1%( 7+6= '+1<+ 7./ -)- +/(: 73132- .1 1-97( ( 3%+/+1(
63+ +1 '32(7+ )(9)+9+ %-7-1: ( 3%+1+1 )+9( '(?(/+1+1 , '- .
'-2'-<-9.1. -0-,,&2 ()( (' '-2(7+1+1 &<&1& ;( *(23 - -'+
/ -2.9.1. +?-)( ( 7+6 + =
+7)+ _Z1^1
_Z1^1RR. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )- -d\)Z ;- +/(
-[7(RZ ZR,. 0&1( '+2'R+ /&]-1R4\ Z)-)
-@
) + -, M =EF`WN
M , - @)c (23 - '31 1 1)- 6+7)+ 1-97( /&/2(,(1
0&1( ;- /-: />% /&/2(,(1 '-2(7)()+ =N
-)- )- *(23 - '31 1 +*+ -/-;;
()+27+6: *
'31 1)-'+ /&/2& 1-97(2( + />,2(,(1 7- +?( )( '-2(7 82- -'
)&6&1&27&6 & =
-'+'- ( '31 1 1 1: 7.% -4 ;( 7 .*
827-)-1 1-97( 5.'- 7-/. +7'31/.%). =
)89 2 )- *(23 '31 1 1 1 7 .*. 82-1 63+ ;( 81 1 7.% -*. ,-1+ '-2(7+
827-)-1 &%(2 />%2( 8 -,- 5.'7-%=
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
164
E=
(23 -
(%7+ H
80*( 7(<2+/+:7 0-**( ,( +: (92(17(: ,(7( +57(
7(<2+/+ -12-72- .1- (2(1 P*(%7Q )@;31 63+ 2( +1+1 *(23 - +2(
-23'-2-1). ).9. '(2+7(2( )(1 *+ +)+ =
(23 - : *(%7(
*(1%( +2)+9+1)( * -)- 842-1-1 +1/-12- />%)(1: 6++ )(1 ;(
/-1 - -1 -12-,-1 63+ 2( 82 = 12- .1 6++ 2( + )(*(23 7(<2+/+1+1 7(,+ 82 =
-)- 63+ 2( *(23 - -'+ 7-0- ( 2( +1+
>/ ( + 2(
;(
(1(22+'2(
/ -2.'2- .,2+?+0()( 2( =!(1)+2( +1+ *(23 - 7(<2+/+1+1 *-6'-1.: &/ 3). ;(,/3'@
/+ 82- -' > & 2( H
(%7R+ *(2Z[- +5 ( 82 4i-) qZ2( \
+ '+7/( (57()+ 8/&]-1RZ;( &/ +1(
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M GUU`AN
M 32( @: *(23 - 7(<2+/+ +5+1)( (+/ 82) =
&%(2 />% />,2(,(1 32( @1+1 &/ &1( (57()+=N
+5 '+7/(: 8
*(,+ ( *(23 - : 63+ 2( +1 842-1).9.: 6++ />,2()+'2( +:
7-0- ( 2( +1+ /( +2()+'2( + *+ 7(<2+/ 82- -' -/-;;
()+27+6 + = 3+ )( '(1)+/+1+: * 7(<2+/+1 (+/+ 827-'2>;7&6 & = >% 7(<2+/+1+1 (?(1)+2+9+1+: *-6'-12.9.1. 0+5 '+7/(
81)-1 -2-7-7.6 . = (23 - 7(<2+/+1)( 81)-1 )-0- &%(2 />%
/>,2(,(1 '+7/( 827-7.6 . =
m8b - (2)&7 ( 5+ (, -;k\*(2
*(2ZZ[- *(%7+
*(%7+1(
*(2
+''( _8,) 7 *(1 /&]-1R)Z12._)- (27Z1 &/ +1(
-;%@M =UGE`VN
M , -;%@c (23 - 7(<2+/+1(/81 -)-1 (2)+7 -7- />%
/ -2.9.1)- (2731 &%( +1( 7&0& '8,) 7=N
-;%@,( > ( *(23 - : i3+ 2( +1 842-1).9. *+ 7(<2+/ + =
7(<2+/ ( 0( '(/ 63+ 2+9+1+ /( +2(7(' ()+ =
-;%@0( 1(
'-)- *(23 - 7(<2+/+1( /81 -)-1 '- .2/- )- *(23 &/ -)2- .1)-1 (2731R. 3;(<@,+ *+2( (57+6 + =
6+d R+ Z*)Z b > /( ( Z7\ P/(_Zs 22Z0Q
+,(,)+ '+7 u+,Z,\ /Z_+R,+ *(%7R
*(2Z[[- )
*(%7R+ *(2Z
X8/ - 2. -/-1 +,3,@M = AU`EN
M
%- @? 6++ +: (9(
22-0 .1 /3'@/+ 37@ > /(,)+:
P +,3,@c (1 *(23 - 7(<2+/+1+1 /3'@/+/+1=Q )( )+=N
+,3,@+5+1 *(23 - : 63+ 2( +1 842-1).9. *+ 7(<2+/ + =
7(<2+/+1 *+ 7(1/ * 82-1 +,3,@1+1 &%(26++ +1+: *(23 &/ 3). 37@ > /(,)+: 81-: * 7(<2+/+1 /3'@
/+ 1;-1.1. ;( + )+=
-)- *(23 - 7(<2+/+: 63+ 2( +1 0(7 0&1( 2( +1+ >/ ( )+9+
0(7 )( *(23 - >9 (1)+9+ *+ ,( 82- -' -12- .27-' -). =
X(<2+/+1 (7(2 1/
/3'@
: 7(<2+/ ('+2( ( +5'+ / 1-1 '+6+)+ =
3'@ 827-)-1 7(<2+/+1 *+ -12-7. 827-%= !(1)+/+1+ *
7(<2+/+1 /3'@
/+ 82- -' > (1 +,3,@
: 0(7 '(1)+ &/ -)2.9.1.
*(2+ 7(' ( 0(7 )( )+9( 63+ 2( ( (0*( ;( +20-7 '-,1-9.
82) 9 1- +6- ( ( 7(' ()+ = , .<- 81- * 1;-1.: />%&1 ;(
*(23 - .1 &/ 3). ;( *(, +1 -12-7 -2-1. *-92-7.1)- 22-0 .1
/3'@
/+ 82- -' ;-/.?2-1). .2-1 37@1+1 ;( 7(/+ )( 731@
)3). =
_. (, ] / (;R+ 6\ \1R)(0(1 -;k\ 1&b (6dZ .1
*(%7RR+ *(2Z
( *(%7
*(2Z[- )- )+2( /(b 7 d (*( 6( *(
-;%@M =FFG`EN
M , - 2. )+22+ / 2 -1c 9( *(23 - 7(<2+/+1)( + +*- 2. *+
+5(<(' +/ ( /(1: -;%@1+1 6++ 2( +1+ 8' =N
-;%@
: *(23 - 7(<2+/+1+1 - 2. )+22+ / 2 -1.1- 0+ -*(1:P
/>% 7(<2+/+1)( /-, .1 *+ +5(<(' +/ +,8 /-1: *(1+7 6++ 2( +7+
8' =Q)+,8 = >,2(<( 63+ C *(23 - . *+ 7(<2+/(: 6++ 2( +1+ )( 8
7(<2+/+1 /-, .1 ;( )(9( 2+ +5(<(9+1( *(1%( +,8 = >% *(%7+1+1
(1 &%(2 6++ +1+1: '(1)+/+1( 3+ 827-/.,2- +?+0- ()+,8 =
A=
(23 - X(,)-1.
X(,)-1. H
P (1+6: -5.': )&% -2-1Q: P,- .67-: '- 6.2-67- ,( +Q
-12-7.1- (2(1 P7(,)-1Q: *(23 - +2( *+ 2+' ( ' 22-1.2).9.1)-:
)@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1 />% 7-03( 2( +1+ /( +2()+'2( +: *+ *+ +2( + +2(
,- .6 .'2- . ;( / -2.'2- .1. +/4- 2-).'2- . *+ ,( 82- -'
'- 6.7.%- 5.'- H
(1 '(7(1)R(1)Z%R. 7(,)
7(,)Z1
Z1R
Z1R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- 82-2.
q-2_-R,. (/2\7( (57+6)& /( R+ ( )(1R'(6Z1
3'@M!=SS`TBN
M (1: *(23 - 7(,)-1.1.1 '(7(1 - .<./. 82) 9 7)-1
*( + +1- 5.2- .1 *-6.: (/2+7 0-2'-/.1- (57+6 + =N
(,+ ( *(23 - 7(,)-1-: 63+ )( * 7(,)-1.1 '(7(1
- .<./.1- *(1%( +27+6 + =
) 7)-7(,)-1)-: -7-<.1 *+
+42(<-12. 6(,2( + ,-'-2-7-' 82) 9 : '(7(1 - 7- ,- .67-/.
,-4.2. =
,- .67-1.1 7(,)-1. *(23 - : '(7(1 - -1. )- 63+
82 /-:'(7(1)( 7313 -;2- . -'.2. =
7&/3*-'-),- .67-<.2- : *+ - .1 &%( +1)( ;( (22( +1)('+ +42( 0- ('(
032+1)( 0- - '-57-' - 82-1 './-<-/. ,-'-2-17-/. %8 -;2- .
,-'-2-,-<-'2- . +5+1 0(7 - - +,+ *+17(2+)+ 2( 0(7 )( '(7(1)+
+,+ ' 22-17-2.). 2- = 82-,./.,2- *(23 - 7(,)-1.1 '(7(1)R
(1)3% 63+ 2( + />%`7313 -;.1. ,-'-2-7-' +5+1 58' 7-0- ( 2+
827-2.). 2- =
7(,)-1.1 63+ 2( +1)(1 82-1 3'@
: (1 +1- 5.
-;2- . *+2( )+%( ( + )+9+1+ +?-)( ()( (' />% ;( 6++ )('+
/ -2.9.1- +6- ( ( 7+6 + =
tZ7( &7a /R/(*_R. 7.
7.k7Z
k7Z R. *(2Z[(*\*
*(2Z[- )
h-*dR. 5Z2Z' 7 -1. +a Z% +)(1 > )&2<+)&
(*@
* M =TA`EN
M , (*@*c !-2(7: *(23 - 7(,)-1.1)- 32+4 (2(1
7.% -'). = ('@;( '.; -' ,- - .2.6.7: 81 '-%-1-1 ,- .65.). =N
(*@
*: *(23 - . 7.% -' ,- .62- .1.1 ,-4.2)9. *+ 7(,)-1-C
'-2(7+1+ )( (1 >1)( ,- .67-,. '-%-1-1 7.% -9- *(1%( 7+6 + =
1 1 0.%2. ;( %('@,- - .2.6.: * ,- .6. '-%-1-1 ,- .67-<.). =
3+ : ,- .6 7(,)-1.1- *(1%( +9+ *(23 - -: ,-1+ 6++ ;( />%
,- .6.1)-: -'+42( +1+ (5 +9+1+: * ,- .6 - (1 >1)( 82) 9 1
*(2+ ( (' >;&17&6 & =
(*_- +)( (2*( ( X(%Z_\R,+ /&]-1R/Z%
X(,)Z1RR. *(2Z[
X(,)Z1
*(2Z[- )- /(*&'R4Z '+7+ > /(
X(%3'@M =UBF`GN
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
165
M >% / -/. X(%3'@: *(23 - 7(,)-1.1)-'+ ,- .6 - -,-9.
5-* ' '+7+ > /(: (2*( ( 81 1 >1&1( (5( =N
X(%3'@
: *(23 - . ,- .6 7(,)-1.1-C '(1)+/+1+ )( *
7(,)-1.1 (1 0.%2. ,- .65./.1- *(1%( + = & &1 63+ 2( : />%
/ -2- . *(23 - 7(,)-1.1)- ,- .67-' -). 2- -7- (1 0.%2./. ;(
*& &1 ,- .67-<.2- . ( +)( *. -'-1 X(%3'@)+ =
X(,)Z1RR. *(2Z[
X(,)Z1
*(2Z[- )- 6(0Z +)( ('(22&7
- +/( -/\a\ +*+ *+ 1Z)+ (R ^, b
-/@
0@M = SBW`UN
M (1 *(23 - +5+1)( 8 7(,)-1.1 (1 +,+ /&;3+/+,+7 '+
%-7-1.1 63+ 2( +1+ -,-'2- -2 .1- -2).7=N
M , /(; +2+ c (23 - 7(,)-1.1)- -/@0@ +*+ *(1%( /+%
/>%2( />,2(,(1+1 ;- /-: '81 6/ 1=N
-/@
0@,( > ( *(23 - : &%(2 />%`6++ />,2(7( &%( +1(
7&/3*-'- ,-4.2-1 *+ 7(,)-1). ;( 63+ /(; +2+/+1( 0+ -*(1:
* 7(,)-1)- '(1)+/+ +*+ (6/+% />%2( />,2(,(1 *+ +/+ ;- /5.'/.1: />,2(/+1 )+,( (' -'+42( +1( 7(,)-1 8' 7-' -: 812'- 6./.1)-'+ &/ &12&9&1& /(; +2+/+1( *+2)+ 7(' ()+ =
&;Z R. (/*R+ Z%\)(1 1()+ ?- _.7 d-<(* *+27(7
o-2(7 -2)._5- )(/ +7( * 7(,)Z1R
7(,)Z1R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )X(60D @MX&?()2( `UVN
M *(23 - 7(,)-1.1)- (2+7( '-2(7 -2).'5-: -<-*- . /&;3+/+1)(1 ?- '.7 1()+ : *+27(7=N
-4
-4 - .C 0.%.: %('3/. ;( /-)3'- +,2( *+2+1(1 *+ - . '+
)&1,-<- 7(60 ) = >,2( *+ - : 7 2-'- +,+ *+ *+1+<+,+
( (' + + ;( * +'+2+ *+ - -)- 82 1<- %-?( '-5.1.27-%). = 3+ :
*(23 - . *+ - ,- .6. 7(,)-1.1- *(1%( 7('2( '-2(7+1+ -4
- .C'(1)+/+1+ )( 81 1 /&;3+/+ 82- -' 0-,32 ( 7+6 + = 82-,2.
82- -' )-0+5*+ /&;3+1+1: ,-1+ 63+ +1: * 7(,)-1)- 81
(5(7(,(<(9+1+ @
73( 7+6 + =
2 /-7 d ??( Z 0( iZa+*R+ ]-7/ +2( 0(7R4(15(
7(,)Z1R
7(,)Z1R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- ). *-_.27-% 4\ +2( (1<(
/-2. ??( M -07+/ S`EN
M , ??( c ( 0-7/( /-0+*+ +2( & (6(
*(23 - 7(,)-1.). : (1<( ,-62.,- *-'.27-%=N
6 /-7: *
??( : *(23 - . *+ )>;&6` & (67(,)-1.1- *(1%( 7(' ()+ =
PiZa+*R+ ]-7/Q v,-1+ (1 -% E7(/1(;@,-%7.6 0-7/( /-0+42( +R
+?3)(/+1)(1 -12-6.2.,8 '+ * 7(,)-1)- 82) '5- &52&: %8 2
)>;&65&2( * 2 17-' -). = 9( ??( )( * 7(,)-1- 5.'- /-:
6-6. 7-7-2.= "&1'& * 7(,)-1)- (1<( ,-62.,- *-'.27-%:
0( '(/ * -,- 5.'-*+2+ ;( ,+9+ 2+9+1+ /( +2(,(*+2+ = @3* -/.
*(23 - 7(,)-1.). : 4-% ,2- )(9+2 />%2(`6++ 2( 7&/-*-'- ()+2+ =
( *+ + ?Z +/R+ 7(,)Z1R
7(,)Z1R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- (5+1+
(1 & 2>' 82/- 1 82- (/*R+ /(*&'R4Z,R. /&]-1
&1*&2%3)( (0*@M!=EF`WTN
M ( *+ + *(23 - 7(,)-1.1 /&;3+/+
5(;+' />% - .: 84-2 -'/-' 82/- 1( 82-=N
(5+1+ =
*+1+<+2( +1( *(1%( +27+6 + =
i3+ 2( : *(23 - 7(,)-1.1
/&;3+/+ 82) '2- .1. +))+- ()( 2( -7- 812- .1 -,-9.1- 5(;+'
/>% - 2- .: -'/-' ;( 84-2). = -1+ />% - . 0( 1( '-)- 5(;+'
82/- )- /&;3+/+ * 63+ 2( 82 1<- 84-2 ;( -'/-' 82 =
/(*(42( * 7(,)-1)- 812- : />% /-0+*+ )(9+22( )+ =
(2Z[
7(,)Z1(7
(2Z[- +5 ( *(1 82 6(0R/&;Z R. 7(,)Z1
!+ (,2()&7 6 d- ZR,. %-7Z1(,+ 4ZR7Z2
3'@M!=SB`UFN
,-9.1-
&1*&2%3)(
(0*@1+1 /&0-1 '-/+)(/+1)( (5(1 *
*(,+ (: *(23 - *+ ,- .6 7(,)-1.1-: 63+ 2( +/( * ,- .6.1 -
3'@
C *(23 - .7(,)-1-: '(1)+/+1+ )( 87(,)-1.1 (1 +,+ *+1+<+/+1( *(1%( 7+6 + = (23 - 7(,)-1.1)- %-7-1.1 *& &1
63+ 2( + ,- .6. -7- 3'@
: 0(4/+1( 32+4 (2+ =
G=
(23 -
.H
+2+1)+9+ &%( ( & ' '&2 & &1)( - .1 58' >1(72+ *+ ,( +
;- ). = @
;31&
& -& R &' (
(5(1 P :
& ' &1
'-1-).). =Q />%& -/2.1)- - .1 1( )( (<( >1(72+ 82) 9 1)+''- 5('7(' ()+ = - -7- /. -/.1)@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1
*(23 - ;( - - -/.1)- *+ *-9 ' ) 9 > &27&6 & = )89 )-1 ,- )- )82-,2. 82- -' *(23 - - -: 63+ )( /&;3+,(
*(1%( +27+6 + =
3+ 2( : *(23 - - .1.1 /&;3+/+ 827-'2>;&17&62( )+ = -/.2 '+ - : & ' '&2 & &1&1 ;-% (5+27(%+,/(C
*(23 - )- @
;31 6++ +1 ;-% (5+27(%+)+ =
/.% *+ /&;3+
827-,-<-9. +*+ *(23 - -1 -12-7-,-1 63+ )( 827-%=
C %-'2- . ,-'.1 ()( : 7(72('( 2( +1 ?( 0+1( ,- ).7<.
82 : +1/-1. * 2 1) 9 18' -)-1 )-0- *-6'- *+27()+9+ ,( 2( (
>& & : *+ 1(; @ +1/-1. >% & 2(6 + + : '-1- 2-1). . =
*-92-7)- P*(23 - - .Q R,-1+ 7313 ;( &%(2 />%R: /&;3+/+
82-1 63+ +: 82) 9 ,( )(1 -2. *(2'+ /(; +2+,( >& & : *(2'+
>1&2 &2'(/+1+1 ?( 0+1( ,- ).7<. 82 = - )- 63+ +1 -,-9.1.
,( )(1 '(/+481 />% ;( 731332(7+1+1 ? '2- .1)- 5
=
(1(7 6(0R/&;Z R. )+,Z R. 7([Z +*
!+ 82) 7 *(2Z
*(2Z[[- /(7(1)+1(
Z'+*
/(7(1)+
&0(,2@M!=G`SBN
M - 4 )+,3.1.1 6(0R/&;3. *(1+7= "&1'& *(23 - - .1*+1+<+ 82) 7=N
(23 - : 5(;+' ;( &%(2 - -12-7.1)-'+ P/(7(1)Q(
*(1%( +27+6 + = 3+ +/( * - - *+1)+9+ +5+1 '(1)+/+1+ *- .
7(72('( 2( +1+1 (1 +,+ /&;3+/+ 82- -' > 7&6 & = 3+ +:
6(0/&;3 ,-4-1 6(,: *(23 - - .1- *+17(/+)+ = -%. - 2- /&;3+ 827-' %8 ) C 0( /&;3+: 0( - . /& (7(%= &0(,2@1+1:
'(1)+/+1+ (1 +,+ *+1+<+/+ 82- -'
> 7(/+1+1
(7(2+1)(:P*(23 - Q.: 0( '(/+1 *+1(7(,(<(9+ *+ - 82- -'
-0-,,&2 ( 7(/+ ;- ). = @3 8: *-6'- *+ - - )(9+2C *(23 - .1- *+1)+9+ +5+1 630R/&;3). =
( ?Z +/ 82- *(2Z
*(2Z[[- )- ' 07()\ ,( + (
h8%.1- + 7(% -1 b ( (* 2R?(;Z +/ 8207()@M =SU`VN
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
166
M -1 + /&;3+ 82- '+ 07()@,( ,( +6(C
82/-: 07()@1+1 8% 1- ,( +6(7(%=N
* 2R (;3+/
3+ C +/ +3( ,82 ,2- '(1)+/+1+ /&;3+,(: *(23 - . )( - *(1%( 7+6 + = 3+ ( > ( 0+5*+ /&;3+ '(1)+/+1+ (5(7(%=
. -'.1 /. -)-1 /&;3+2( +: /&;3+2( +1 4@+ *+2( 81 1 8% 1,( +67(%= 3+ +1 * -)- P(* 2R?(;3+/Q+ >%(2 +/+7 82- -'
' 22-17-/. 7 0(7(2= - +0( * -)2- *+ 58' '+6+ ,-6-7.6 . =
1<-' 7(/(2( - *+1+<+2+9+ 82) 9 +5+1 7 0(7(2(1 * '+6+:
3731@ 0&'&7)- 2- .1)-1 *+ + 82-1
* 2R (;3+/ + =
*-92-7)- 63+ C (1 *(2@
9 />%2( +1 '(1)+/+1( 3+ 82) 9 1
*(23 / -2- .1.1 *+2( '(1)+/+1( ,( +6(7(,(<(9+1+ +?-)(
( 7(' +/ (7+6 + =
( 5+ l-*d. 0( ;Z)\)( &'*Z1
&'*Z1R
'*Z1R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )
([-%%&2)( ;(2\'+1 <+2;(R/Z%R. l- %R.Z]( )&
4-(7@
1+R%3)( 37@
M!= FF`GTN
M ( 5+ ,- - .2.6.: 0( ;3)+)( *(23 - /&;3+/+)+ =
-%(2 />,2(7()(: *-6'- *+ - % ,-4.<.). =N
-'-
(,+ ( *(23 - - -: 63+ )( *+1+<+,( *(1%( +27+6 + = (, (
> ( *(23 - : 0( />% ;3)+/+1)( '86
2-<-' *+ - +*)+ =
(23 - - . &%( +1)('+ 63+ : />%&1 0( - %.1)- R'+ 7 0(7(2(1
* 12- '-/+)(: 7(/1(;@
:
*3@ ;( *(1%( +)+ R - .1. +,+
' 22-17-' -: ,-1+ * - %2- )- &%(2 6++ ,-%7-' -). = -'63+ : *(23 - - .1.: -%(2 ;3)+/+1)(` - %.1)- *+ *-6'- <+2;(2+
'86 7-' -). = -1+ * -2-1)- )-0- / - *+ 63+ )+ =
W=
(23 -
&26(1+ H
&2*-05(/+ -12-7.1)-'+P &26(1Q ;( P &2+/ -1Q: @;31
6++ +1)( 0(7 ( 5(' 0(7 )( /(7*82+' ;( 7( -?8 +'
-12-72- .,2- 58' /.' ' 22-1.2-1 '(2+7(2( )+ = &2*-05(/+:
+1/-12- .1 '(1)+ -, ( 2( +,2(: %(;' ;( (/ ( +' -12-,.62- .,2,-4.'2- .: /-)(<(
&22( +1 )(9+2: *-6'- 5+5('2( +1)(
* 2 1) 9 : *&2*&22( +1 &22( ( -6'. ( (11&7 ( +9+ 7('31). =
(%7+1: (92(1<(1+1: /(, +1: /80*( +1: />%&1: -6'.1 7('31.).
&2*-05(/+=
@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1 0-,32+1)( &2*-05(/+ *(23 - 82 1<-:
'(1)+2( + *&2*&2: 5+5('2( 6++ : 5+5('2( +1 / 2 -1. &2` 81<- )(1 &%(2 />% 82 = 3+ 2( C 589 %-7-1 *(23 - *-05(/+1+1
*&2*&2& 827-2- .: 6++ )('+ / -2.'2- . ;( 6++ 2( +1+1 &%(22+9+,2(
>;&1& 2( =
+,(7(7 *(1 * 1Z7()& aZ6Z
j81<-R,. &26(1R
&26(1R+ *(2Z[*(2Z[- )
!37@M =UB`UN
M 363c
81<-/.). =N
7(' 4 : )+,(7(7=
:*(23 -
&26(1+1+1
(23 - :
&2*-05(/+1( *(1%( +27+6 + = X 0(7(2(1
/(; +2+,( ,-%.2-1 *+ 7(' 4-'+ 6++ )( 8 *-05(1+1 -%(
81<-/.1- (6*+0 ()+27+6 + = 81<-: &2*-05(/+1+1 (1 &%(2
5+5(9+)+ ;( 8 -)- ,( +6+ = 3+ )( />%2( +1+ *(23 - &26(1+1+1
0-;-/.: 84 -9. ;( / , ,2- +62(,( ('C (7(' ;( ( ('
,( +6 + 7+6 + = 1 1 137(/+`6++ +: /. -)-1 *+ 81<- )(9+2)+ C (1
&%(2 />%2( +1 7(7*-. ;( 7('31. 82-1 *(23 - &26(1+1+1
81<-/.). =
!+7 *(2Z
*(2Z[&26(1+
6(1+1)(1 *+ %(7\1R+ )+2R'(6(
[- &2
6(1+
]7R. 1-g7R. 7&1*+ & 2R+d<Z%.1. +2_Z (,2(
(*@
* M - +02( : F`SN
M (23 - &26(1+1)(1 >1&2 5('(1 *+
;( +72+ 6++ +1+1 80 7 1 ('=N
84 -9-: + <3%.1
*(,+ ( 6++ ;( *(23 - : -7-7(1 &2*-05(/+,2(
>%)(62(67+6 + = (23 - : >,2( *+ &2 *-05(/+)+ '+ * -)+ <3%.1: ,-1+ '+7/(1+1 />,2(,(7(,(<(9+ )( (<()( &%(2
/>%2( +1 80 72- . ,(6( +4?+2+% ;( + = 3+ : *(23 - *-05(/+1)(:
>1<( >1&22( + 5('(<(' *+ ,( : ,-1+ 6++ +1+ ,( +6 + (<(9+:
*&,& (<(9+ *+ 84 -' * 27-2.). =
84 -' >,2( '.,7( 2+)+ '+
/. -)-1 80 72- 2- +6 -2 ()+27(7(2+)+ =
84 -9- + <3%.1
;( +72+ 6++ 2( +1+1 80 72- . ('+27(2+)+ '+ 03+' 23)( 6++ 2(
?+2+% ;( /+1= 3+ C 1(,+: 1( (,( ('(<(9+1+ *+27(2+)+ ;( (7('
;( 7(2+)+ 6++ +1(=
1 1 1( +<(/+1)( 7 <+%(;@ 6++ 2(
,( +6(*+2+ =
+7)+)(1 i8b - (0+6 \ +*+ * )&1,Z)-]. *+ *&2*&2R+ &2%Z R. *(2Z
*(2Z[[- 7. _84(0+6 @ M =WG`EN
M +7)+)(1 /81 - * )&1,-)- (0+6 @ +*+: *(23 &2%3.1.1 *+ *&2*&2& 7& 5.'- cN
&2*&2: &2*-05(/+1)( -6'. ( (11&7 ()(1 (' ' 6 =
&,&2(,+<+: ,-'.<. ;( 7(/ ()+<+ *+ /(/+ ;- ). = (23 - .: ,-1+
*(, +1 -12-7 -2-1. )-+ (/+1)( />%& ;( 6++ + &2*-05(/+1(
*(1%( (1 63+ : '(1)+/+1+ )( 8 *-05(1+1 (' ' 6 *&2*&2(
*(1%( 7+6C 0- - '(1)+/+ +*+ *+ *&2*&2&1 *+ )-0- *(23 &26(1+1(
(27(,(<(9+1+ +))+- ( 7+6 + =
3+ : *(23 *-05(/+1+1 (1 &%(2 6++ 2( +1+ ,-%7-/.: />%2( +1+ />,2(7(/+ ;(
* &26(1)( (' 827-/.,2- +?+0- ( 7+6 + =
-;k+,Z * [-%(2R+ *\*()(2&b 0( *(, +
2). &2%Z R. *(2Z
*(2Z[- )- /( Z/( 1( +/
-;%@M =TEF`EN
M , -;%@c *(1%( /+%: 4-0- *+5+27(% -%(2+1 0( *(, +C
*(23 - &26(1+1)( *-6 -1 *-6- 1( +/ 82) =N
3+ ( > ( *(23 - : +5( +/+1)( 5(6+ 2+ 5+5('2( +1 * 2 1) 9
*+ &2*-05(/+)+ = 1 1 ,-%).9. (6/+% -%(2+1 0( *(, + )( *
*-05()('+ 1( +/ 5+5('2( +)+ =
) 7)- 63+ *(23 - .1` &%(2
/>%&1 /-)(<( *+ - %.1.1 827-).9.1. )- +?-)( ( 7(' ()+ = (
63+ : 8 *-05()( ?- '2. 5+5('2( ,( +6 + (*+2+ = !+7+ &2: '+7+
/&1*&2: '+7+ 1( +/Y
)(7(' 82 '+ *(23 - &26(1+1)(
0( 63+ +1 / -2.9. ?- '2. *+ - %)- 82-*+2+ : '+7+ '-/@
)()(: '+7+
7(/1(;@
)(: '+7+ -%(2)(Y -;%@)( /-1'+ -%(2 ,-%7-)/ -2.9.1. +?-)( ( 7(' +/ (7+6 + =
&2R+ ]86R*^R,. 7-dZ1\ +2( +)&4%\1(
-;k+,Z 6+d &b+ &2%Z R. *(2
*(2ZZ[- (,2(
-;%@M =ETW`EN
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
167
M , -;%@c ++ +1+: 73132- .1
/&/2(,+4: 81 *(23 - &26(1+ (,2(=N
&%(2 '8' 2
&2&,2(
-;%@1+1 * *(, +1)( )( *(23 - : &2*-05(/+ 82- -'
-0-,,&2 ()+27+6 + = 3+ C '(1)+ 6++ +1+1 *(23 - &26(1+ 827-/.
+5+1: 81 1 7313 &22( +,2( /&/2(17(/+ ( (' +9+1+ +?-)(
( 7(' ()+ =
/-/(1 7313`7( 31@ *(23 - .1 &5 (7(2
1/ 1)-1 *+ +/+)+ ;( 63+ :7313,.: &%(2 '8' 2 *+ &2(
*(1%( 7(' ()+ =
*-92-7)- *(23 - .1 )+9( +'+ (7(2 1/
*(,31 ;( *()@ )( *(23 - *-05(/+1)('+ *-6'- 5+5('2( (
*(1%( +2(*+2+ = 1<-' &2*-05(/+1+1 / 2 31. ;( (1 '.,7( 2+
5+5(9+ &2)& = -1+ )(1+2(*+2+ '+ 63+ ( > ( 6++ +1 ;( *(23 - .1
(1 >1(72+ 1/
7313). =
, *&2*&2R+ &26(1
&26(1RR+ *(2Z[*(2Z[o-) &b+ 1( *+2( ]- ]Z6Z'
- ?( @ M = =F`TN
M , *(23 1( *+2+ cN
&26(1+1+1 *&2*&2&c (1+1 '.,7( +1+ 5( 5>4
&%(2 />%: &2*-05(/+1( *(1%( +2+1<( * *-05(1+1 ' 6
)- *&2*&2 82-<-' . = "&1'& *&2*&2 > )&9& &%(22+'2( +
( (11&7 ()(<(': &2*-05(/+ )( 81 1 ( (11&7&1& -12-,-<-':
)(9( ;( +4 )+12(,(<(' + = "( +1 5>4&1 82) 9 *+ ,( )(
*&2*&2&1 />%2( + -12-6.27-,-<-' ;( 81 1 />%2( +1( )(9(
;( +27(,(<(' + = 27-/.1 4-0-/. ;( '.,7( +: )(7+ <+2(
5- 6./.1)- )(9+2 7&<(;0( <+2( 4-%- .1)- >25&2& =
*-92-7)- 63+ 2( : *(2@
9 />% />,2(,(1 *&2*&2( *(1%( +2( (':
'(1)+2( +1+1: /-)(<( *(2@
9 />%2( +1 ,(6( )+9+ *(23 &26(1+1)( -12-6.2-<-9. ;( '.,7( 2( +1+1 *+2+1(<(9+
;
2-17.6 . =
- ?( @ *>,2(<( 0(7 '(1)+ />%&1&1
&/ &12&9&1& ;( &%(22+9+1+ 0(7 )( />%2( +1+1: ( 5(' (1
/>%)(1 -12-,-12- - -/.1)- )(9( 2+ 82-<-9.1. *(2+ 7+6 + =
V=
(23 -
&2*&2& ` (23 -
-4-9-1.
-1. H
@
;31 6++ +1)( />%: ( (11&7 ;(,- '81 67- )(1+2+1<(
-'2- *&2*&2 ;( 4-4-9-1 (2+ = &2*&2 6-'.,.62- .,2- -6'. -12- .
;( 36.9. (7/+2 ()( = &2*&2&1: !23/+' & ' 6++ +1)( )+9(
' 62- )-1 -, .2-1 (1 *3+% >%(22+9+: &2( 82-1 -6'.1. (1 ,-1.'
6-'.,.62- 2- )+22(1)+ 7(/+)+ = -1+ *&2*&2 ;( /(/ *+ - -))&6&1&2& =
<+0( 2( )@
;31 6++ +1)( /(/+1 ;( />%&1 /(7*82&
*&2*&2: &/ &1 />% 82-1 *(23 - 2- -23'-2-1). .27.6 . = P (23 *&2*&2&Q 6('2+1)('+ ' 22-1.72- )- *&2*&2: *(23 - . 6-'.,-1 *+
' 6 82- -' -0-,,&2 ()+27+6 ;( 63+ + (7/+2 ( 7+6 + = -0)89 /
63+ 2( : '(1)+2( +1+ *(23 *&2*&2& 82- -'
1+ (2(7+62( )+ H
(2Z[(2Z[- *&2*&2+ 82 48_ /.1 82 &2&b ;-i?.1
&2+/ Z1 i-?a-/. +*+ (0+6 \ ,&%&b 82/ 1 -_
(0+6 @ M = SEB`EN
&2+/ -1 '(2+7(/+1+ (; +,(2+ ' 22-1-1 63+ : 0(7 - )@1+1
7(60 (/( +1+ 0(7 )( &2*-05(/+1+ '-/ ( 7+6 + = (0+6 @0(
+'+ -12-7)- )- *(2+9 />%2( />,2()+9+1( +63( ( 7(' ()+ =
P7313 &2&Q1& 8' ) 9 +5+1 +/ (
- )@1+1 630(/( +
&2+/ -1 )-1 8' / 1 +/ ( - - .<. 1.1 &2+/ -1.1)-1 8' / 1:
0( ) 7)- )- (1 *(2+9/>%2( + ( (11&7 ( 7(' ()+ =
(1(7 l^l+R
*(2Z[l^l+R,+ ]86R1(;ZR
1(;ZR,. *(2Z
[(1(7 d-1)(2\*R+ +,ZR,. 7(dZ1\
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M!=TW`UBN
M (23 - .1 &%(2 /()32. 4-4-9-1.: *(1+7= X3132- .1 +'+
,&%&1&1 *&2*&2&: *(1+7=N
-4-9-1: +1/-1 +*+ '81 6-*+27( ,( +/+ +2( *+2+1(1 *+
' 6 = !23/+' & ' 6++ +1)( (1(2)( * >%(22+9+ +2( '- 6.7.%5.'- =
*(,+ ( )( D@
: *(23 - .1 &%(2 1(;32- .1.
/>,2(7(' (: *(23 - . ( (11&7 ( 7(' ()+ =
-)- D@
:
*(23 - .1 7313<+0( +1)(1 58' /(/ ,>1&,2( -23'-2-1). .27.6 . =
"&1'& +'+1<+ 7./ -)- *&2*&2 P7313Q,. />,2(7(' ()+ = &2*&2:
+1/-1 +*+ '81 6-7-% -7- 6-'.7-/.1)- 58' 73132- +%2+)+ =
/(*(42( *&2*&2 ;( 7313 - -/.1)- *+ *-9 ' 27 6C
4-4-9-1 )- +1/-1 +*+ '81 6-*+2)+9+ +5+1 4-4-9-12- /(/
- -/.1)- -23'- ' 27 6 =
FB=
(23 - X&2'& H
X&2' ;( +'2@
7 '(2+7(2( + (1(22+'2( &2'(: , : 84 -' +*+
-12-7-2- )- ' 22-1.2. = 2'( )(1+2+1<( -'2- 88 + ( ;( 1+%-7
(2+ =
88 + ( ;( 1+%-7: 8 84 -'2- )- 03'+7 ;( />%
/-0+*+)+ = "89 %-7-1 /-2 -1- ;( )&%(1+1 ' 27-/.: *&,&'
<(0) ;( 7&<-)(2(2( + ( (' + + = -1+ *+ &2'(,+ -2.40&'&7 31
827-' ;( * 1 )(;-7 ( + 7(' '82-, )(9+2)+ =
*-92-7)7&2' ;( /-2 -1- '-; -72- . *(23 - .1 1+ (2(,+<+/+ 82) 9 1)*(23 - : ?( 0+ %8 *+ &2'( ;( '.,7( 2+ *+ /-2 -1- 82 = 3+ )(
(1(22+'2( 8 +'2@
7+1 ?3+0+ ;(,- / 2 -1. 82 = (2@
9 />%C *+
&2'(: *+ /-2 -1- +*+)+ = 3+ : <(1 3;( 2+9+ ;( '(/'+1 '.2.<.,2-:
,-1+ />% '-*+2+,( + ;( 6++ 2( +,2( 8 &2'(,+ ?( 0( 7(,(
5-2.6. ="&1'& 0( 63+ : />% / 2 -1. 827-,- 32+4+ = (23 7&2'&1)( (' 827-' ( ('+ = "&1'& 88 + ( 8 -' '-* 2 ( 7(%=
u+,Z,\ /(1 *(2Z
*(2Z[[- 7&2'+1&b
/ 2lZ1./.1 6+7)+
7&2'+
8%.27-% 2ZR<( (7 a-6 ( )(' Z,\1R+ )\;Z1 b
X8/ - 2. -/-1 +,3,@M = STB`GN
M +,3,@c (1 6+7)+ *(23 - &2'(/+1+1 / 2 -1./.1=
/-2 -1- > (1+1 0-6 ( '-)- '(/+12+'2( *8% 27-%=N
+,3,@
C *(23 - . *+ &2'(,(: '(1)+/+1+ )( * &2'(1+1
/ 2 -1.1- *(1%( 7+6 + =
- - /-2 -1- .1.1 0-6 ( '-)/& (<(9+1)(1 /81 )( (<( (7+1)+ = (, ( > ( &%(2 />% *+
&2'()+ : 63+ )( 8 &2'()( />% /-0+*+ (' '+6+)+ : *-6'- *+ />%
/ 2 -1. ,8' ;( 827-,-<-' . =
M (0+6 @c (23 - *&2*&2& 82 4 8 &2&1 ;-/.?2- .1.
8' / 1= &%&1 &2+/ -1 /-,?-/. +*+ -' 82/ 1=N
3+ C *(23 - .*&2*&2(: '(1)+/+1+ )(
8' ,-1*(23 - *&2*&2&1( *(1%( 7+6 + =
&2&1 ;-/.?2- .1.
'+1<+ 7./ -)-
(1+1
(2Z[
(2Z[- '+6;( +1
+ ?( a (,2()&b \[R+ %(*Z1 b2-
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
168
& + 7&2'R+ ?(/Za-
-a7+,Z /-b- 7&/(22(7)&
/-2. -07@M =EF`GN
(2Z[(2Z[- -]
-] .1 b / 2lZ12- . *+ *+ /(?( _.2).
&2^/ + )+ (0+6 \ 6+7)+ -12- b 7('Z1.1-
M , -07@c (23 - &2'(/+1+ />% '.2.<.,2- ?( 0 ( +1: ,& &
?(/30- &2'(/+ )( /-1- (/2+7 827 6 =N
(,+ ( *(23 - &2'(,(C />% '.2.<-C 63+ )( ?3+0(
*(1%( +27+6 + = - - 63+ >,2( *+ />% ?3+0+)+ '+ ?(/30- &2'(/+
)( 81- (/2+7 827 6 = -1+ 63+ 0(7 *(23 - - 0(7 ?(/30- /-2 -1- .1. +2-1 ( 7+6: '(1)+/+1)(1 *-6'- *+ / 2 -1
*. -'7-7.6 . =
12- . /-92-7-/.1)- (1 *&,&' ( '(1 -*++ '+
/>% '.2.<.). = !.2.5 /-;-6.1: ?( 0+1 ;( &<&1 /+7 (/+)+ = >%&1
'.2.<- *(1%( +27(/+ *86 1- )(9+2)+ = "&1'& />%: 589 %-7-1
'.2.5 -1 ;( 84-1 )-0- ' ;;( 2+ 827 6 = >%&1 ;( 6++ +1
'.,7( 2+ 82) 9 842 72- )-: *-%(1 *+ 63+ +1 *(, +,2( /-;-625.'7.6: ,+1( *+ *(,+ 2( / 20+2-1 ()+27+6 + = - +0( 842 72- ,>1 ;( (1 4(' 58' 0&'&7)- ;( 2+)( :-,1. %-7-1)- *(2@
9 ;(
?-/@
0 '81 6-10- +42( )+= (23 - .1 &2'(,(: />%&1 '.2.<- ;(
63+ +1 *+ / 2 -1- *(1%( +27(/+1)( * *-92-72- . >% >1&1)(
* 2 1) 7-' 2-%.7 (2+ =
(0+6 \ 1+5( /-?d-/'( 5('&46+d &7 / l^ .1)-1
+1( 7&2'R
7&2'R+ *(2Z
*(2Z[- )- * &1 *+ _-2d- -2) 7 *(1
(0+6 @ M = USV`EN
M (0+6 @c ++ +7+1 )+%(2( +1)(1 *+ 58' /-? -/'( 5('+4
* &1 ,+1( *(1: *(23 - &2'(/+1)( *+ '-2( -2).7=N
(23 - : &2'(,(C 6++ /- . 2- .: -/'( /-?.1-C 63+ )( *+ '-2(
?3+0+1( *(1%( +27+6 + = (, ( > ( 63+ : *(23 - &2'(/+1+1
-7-7.1. )(9+2 /-)(<( *+ '-2(/+1+ ?( 0( 7+6 + ;( * 1 )- 6++
8 ) / ,2- ,-47.6 . =
) 7)- *(23 - &2'(/+1)( 7 0(2+?
'-2(2( ;- ). ;( 0( *+ '-2( ?- '2. *+ 8 ) ,2- ?( 0()+2(*+2+ =
-1+ *(2@
9 />% /-)(<( 6++ 2( )(9+2: 1(/+ ;(,- 1-%.7R1(/+
'- .6.' *-6'- - %2- 2- )- />,2(1(*+2+ = 1<-' (0+6 @
: * -)6++ + %+' ( 7('2( (1 *(2@
9 />%2( +1 6++ 032+1)( 82-<-9.1. +?-)(
( 7+6 82-*+2+ =
M (23 - -0.1.1 / 2 -12- . (' (' /(?( ( 5.' .2- = (0+6 @:
6+7)+ 812- .1 7('31.1- 8 ) =N
(23 - : * -)- -0- *(1%( +2( (' &2'( ;( /-2 -1'-; -72- .,2- *(23 - - -/.1)- *-9 ' 27 6 = "&1'& -0:
)(;2( ;( /-2 -1- .1/(7*82&)& = ( -0 /-0+*+ / 2 -1.1
0-,32+: (' 827-' . = -6'- / 2 -12- . '(1)+1( 3*@'.27-' . =
*-92-7)- *(23 - -0.1- 8 -12- : />%&1 / 2 -12- .). =
&%(2 />% 0 / / 1)- /-2 -1- ;( 88 + ( 812- )-). ;( 812- .1
5-*-/. )- *(23 - -0.1)- 8 -1 (' / 2 -1 827-': )+9( 2( +1(
&/ &1 (27(' + =
(0+6 @
: * 1 ,-4.9.1. +))+- ()( ('
>;&17(' ()+ =
FF=
(23 -
2'(/+H X./.
@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1 *(23 - +2( -23'-2-1). ).'2- . )+9( *+
'(2+7( nX./ n). = X./. : )&1,-1.1 (1 '>'2& 7()(1+,( 2( +1)(1
*+ + 82 4 - +0+ EBBB ,.2 >1<(/+1( '-)+ 7(' ()+ =
X./. C)&1,- - +0+1)( *+2+7: '&2 & : /-1- : )+2 ;( ,-%.
-2-12- .1)- >1(72+
(2+67(2( ( /-01( 827 6 *+
<89 -?,-). =
<89 -?,-)- *+ 58' '-;+7 ;()(;2( 0&'&7
/& 7&6 & =
)(;2( 2( +1 0(7(1 0(4/+: )&1,- - +0+1( ,>1
;( (1 *&,&' )(;2( 2( 827 6 =
1<-' !23/+'
&'
()(*+,- .1)- X./. : * ,>12( +1)(1 %+,3)( (1(22+'2( %=
/ ? +2( -1.27.6 . = X./. .1n*(23 - n '(2+7(/+ +2( *+ 2+' (
' 22-1.2).9. *(,+ 2( )( )( %=
/ ?: 6-02.': 6('( '-7.6. ;(
4-4-9-1 '-; -72- . '- 6.7.%- 5.'7-' -). = 3+ 2( : *(23 - ;(
* '-; -72- - -/.1)- -23'- ' 7 62- ). H
Z082-1 X.iR. *(2Z
*(2Z[
[- )- 8)
Z2( +,Z
^/ ?R. l-*d 7. *+27(% +*+ +];Z1R. %-7Z1
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =EAA`EN
M , 32( @c (23 - X./. .1)- 630 82-1 8) =
'- )(62( +:*(1+7 / ?,- - .2.6.7. *+27(% +*+N
(76\ R+ -*d. -2). (2( qZ2( \ ,+1(
2/- d-<(* 7+ 7&2'R
*(2ZZ[- )- 58' ?& ^a
7&2'R+ *(2
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =FFS`EN
M 32( @ ,+1( -*+- `7+%3< '.2.<.1. (2( -2).=
&2'(/+1)( *+ 58' ?( +082/- 6-6.2. 7.wN
(0+6 @ M =UVT`EN
(23 -
3+ ( > ( *(23 - : ?( +02( 2( -2.1-<-' *+ &2'()+ = /2.1)?( +0 '82-, *+ +6 )(9+2)+ = ,+ *+ '87 -1: (9+ +72+ *+ 8 ) :
,( ( 2+ /+2-0;( (50+%- : 82 72 +'2+7 ;( <89 -?,- 6- 2- . +*+
4(' 58' 1/
( (' + + = 7- * -)- 63+ : *+ )(/ 31
'-0 -7-1. +*+ (' *-6.1-). ;( ?( +0 +5+1 (' /+2-0. '.2.<.). =
( 0()+2(<(' ,( : *(23 - &2'(/+ 82 1<- /+2-0)- '3*+2+,( '.2.<.
,-1+ />% '3*+2+,( + '.2.<.). = 3+ : &%(2 />% />,2(7(1+1: 7+%3<
;( ,- - .2.6 +2( +2 +2+ 82) 9 1- +63( ( 7(' ()+ = -6'- *+
)(,+62( * : 22-0 ;( +/+)+ = 7- * '.2.<. '.1.1)-1 5.'- .4
' 22-17-).'5- *+ ?-,)-/. ,8' = -1+ 7+%3<.1 &%( +1( <(0)+
;( -, ( + +23;( ( 7(' ( ('+ '+ *(2@
9 ;( ?-/@
0 />%2( 8 -,5.'/.1=
-731(
32( @
C *(23 - .X./. -: ,- - .2.6.1. )- '>2(2+' (1 X./.
/ 2 -12.9.1- 5.'-1
/ ? 4(, -7*( ( *(1%( 7+6 + =
(6*+02( ( -?.1)- 63+ : *(23 - 18' -/.1)- )+9( 63+ 2( ( > (
&/ &12&9&1& -12- 7-' +/ (7+6 + =
^/ ?R. X.iR. *(2Z
*(2Z[
[- ). t-,Z2\ )x/ 7
1 b +5&1 '(1)+,+ _.,7( 2( *\4( ;Z i- -,32@ (, M =AV`GN
M 8/ 7c -,32@: *(23 - X./. .1.1
/ ?) =
+5+1 '(1)+/+1+ 5('+17()(1 58' 4-0-2.,- /- - =N
1 1
3+ C *(23 - . X./. -: '(1)+/+1+ )( * &2'(1+1 / 2 -1.
/ ?4(, -7*( ( *(1%( 7+6 + = / ?4(, -7*( +1: X./. )'>2( 4-%- .1)- /- .27-/.1- )- (27+0( * 2 1-1 63+ : '(1)+/+1+
81- *(1%( 7('2(: '(1)+/+1+1:,-1+ 6++ +1+1 58' '.,7( 2+
82) 9 1- +6- ( ( 7+6 + =
/ ? 4(, -7*( 0(7 '>2(
4-%- .1)-,'(1 0(7 )( X./. - / 2 -1 82) 9 1)- 58' '.,7( 2+
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
169
+)+=
<+0( 2(
-,32@
: 0( ) 7)- '(1)+/+1+1`6++ +1+1
)(9( +1+ ;( />% / 2 -12.9.1)- &/ &12&9&1& +?-)( ( 7+6 + =
(yy( R+ 6+d &b > &4)+ 2( -/\a\ ]^*2h^l+R,+ X./ R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- *+ 6('( R &?Z /.1
-/@
0@M = SGT`EN
M -/@0@c &%(22( : /(1+1 6++ +1+1 0862 9 1 > &4 n (1:
*(23 - X./. .1.1 6('( />%2& *+ 4-4-9-1./.1=n)( 2( =N
*(,+ ( *(23 - : X./. : 4-4-9-1 ;( 6('( '-; -72- .
- -/.1)- *+ -12-7 -2-1. 82 6
27 6 = 1<(2+'2(: X./. )6('( '-7.6. 58' 82 7 6C 4-4-9-1 )- 6('( 2(*(/2(1+ 7+6=
-4-9-1 6('( 2( *(/2(1)+9+ ;( *(22+ *+ ( *+,()(1 /81+1/-1 +*+ '81 6 9 +5+1n- 2. )+22+ *+ ' 6n 82- -'
-1.2. 7.6=M -2-: FVVGH TGV: EUAN
*-92-7)- *(23 - : X./.
&2'(/+ 82 1<-: 63+ )( * &2'(1+1 6('( />%2& 4-4-9-1.
827 6 =
m- .2 X.iR. *(2Z[*(2Z[- )- (;Z1\ />%&7&%
( '+6+ 7&6 ( \)& 6+d R+ 6('( R (1 &7&%(
(;31@M =TTG`EN
M (;31@c +%+7 />%&7&%: &%(2 />% &2'(/+ X./. )/- .2. = ( '+6+: *+%+7 13)+ * 2 1-1 6('( +*+ 6++ +7+%(
7&6 ( +)+ =N
*(,+ ( 63+ &%(2 />%&: X./. -C '(1)+ 6++ 2( +1+ )(
8 -)- ,( +6(1 -7- 13)+ ;( '. 82-1: 0( '(/+1 7&6 ( +/+ 82) 9
6('( ( *(1%( 7+6 + =
1<('+ *(,+ ( )( )(9+1+2)+9+
&%( (6('( +1 *82 82) 9 ,( X./. ). = -1+ *(,+ *-92-7.1)&%(2 />%&1 58' 82) 9 ,( X./. ). = 3+ +1 6('( +*+ 6++ +: 8
'-)- - 2. ;( 13)+ '+ 6('( +1 ,-1+ &%(2 />%&1 '-,1-9.
X./. )- *+2( 0( '(/: 81 1 6++ +1( 7&6 ( +)+ =
2.17-% ( - - /-b /( *(/( X./ R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )6+d R+ 6(''( RZ7\%&7 +*+ <Z12- ,-'- 6( *(
-;%@M =FFG`TN
M &%(2 />% &2'(/+ X./. )- *-6 -1*-6- - -/-1: * 6('( (
* 2-17.6 6++ +7 +*+ <-12- ,-'-1 *+ 6( *( * 2 17-%=N
*(,+ ( )( *(23 - +2( X./. ;( 6('( '(2+7(2( +
- -/.1)- *-9 ' 27 6 = (23 - : X./. &2'(/+1(C 63+ +1 6++ +
)( X./. )- *82<- ,( +6(1 6('( ( )-0- )89 / 6('( 6( *( +1(
*(1%( +27+6 + = ('( +1 58'5- * 2 1) 9 *+ ,( )(: 63+ +1 - 2.
6++ + +*+ *+ 6( *( * 2 17-7-' -). = -1+ &%(2 />%2( +1
58'2 9 ,2- 6>0 ( * 27 6 *+ )+,- )- *+2( -;%@1+1 6++ +1+1
-).1)- ;( &%(22+9+1)( 6++ ,8' =
FS= (23 - (0 + H
(23 - '-; -7. *-%. *(,+ 2( )( P6(0+ Q '(2+7(/+ +2(
*+ 2+' ( ' 22-1.27.6 . =
*(,+ 2( )( *(23 - : 842 2 '2- .1
,-6-).9.: ' 7R' 2 6 ;( 5- 6.R4-%- .,2- 0-,- .1
/& )& &2)&9&: 63+ +1 +/( &%(2 />%2( +,2( (7(,,&% ( +9+ *+
6(0 ( *(1%( +27+6 + H
)+ 5&1 (*,\kR+ +<7Z2+ r(1Z/.1. ?(2('
!+2'+7+ 6(0 R+ *(2Z[*(2Z[- +5 ( )(?( )Z ()(
X@%3R%3)( 32+7 M!=SW`FEN
M!-2(7+7: 81 1 >; &/&1&1 >%( +1+ (7+%( 5(' += (2(':
&%(2 />% 6(0 +1)( '-2(7+7+ )(?( )3 ,-4.=N
32+7: *(23 - . *+ 6(0 (C '-2(7+1+ )( 8 6(0 +1 0(/-4R
'+ -4 +62( +1+ ,& & (1 )(?( )3- *(1%( 7+6 + = !-2(7: />%&
'-2.<. '.2-1 - -5 . =
<+0( 2( -/2.1)- />%&1 '(1)+/+)+ = &%(2
/>% *+ 6(0 ( *(1%( +2+1<( 63+ +1 '-2(7+ ,-1+ />%2( + )( 86(0 +1
)(?( )3. 827 6 = (?( )3: 6(0+ +5+1 58' >1(72+)+ =
"&1'& 6(0 +1 *& &1 732@
R0(/-4 +62( +1)(1 /8 72 82 4:
6(0 +1 *(2 '(7+'2( +1)(1)+ =
> (;+ 0-' ( 7(' +5+1
' ;;( 2+ *+ '-2(7( ;( 0(/-4 ,( (1(9+1( /-0+4 827-' 2-%.7
(2+ = 3+ : />%&1&`'-2(7+1+ &%(2 />% 6(0 +1+1 )(?( )3.1*(1%( + '(1 />% ;( '-2(7 &<&1&1 &/ &12&9&1( +6- (
( 7(' ()+ =
, .<- * 1- ;(/+2( 82-1 7()0+,(2( +1+1
&%(22+9+)+ = (2(' * /(*(42( 81 * 7-'-7- ( + 7+6 + =
X(%Z_\ *>,2( l-*dR. /( R*&2(1) & 1-g7R. (1 \1&b
(1+ 6(0 R+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- +5 ( 7( )R+ ^R6+1Z/ (,2(
X(%3'@M =AW`VN
MX(%3'@c (1+1 *>,2( ,&<( ,- - .2.6.1 ;( 2- @?6++ +1: /(1+
&%(2 />% 6(0 +1)( 7(60 *+ + ,-4- =N
(23 - 6(0 +1)(: 63+ +1 ,&<( -*+- . ;( 2- @
?6++ 2( +: 81
6(0 +1 -1.1-1 /@
73/. ,-47.6 . = (23 - *+ 6(0 ( *(1%( +2)+9+
+5+1* 6(0 +1 (;-5 -'+ 7( 3.: />% ;( 6++ 82-<-' . = 3+ )(
&%(2 6++ 2( + ;( 63+ -*+- .,2- * -)- 7(60 82) 9 1 +?-)(
( 7(' ()+ =
&1 6(0 R+ *(2Z
*(2Z[[- )- *+% 7 \ ];Z<(R,+ 1Z7 %
X( ZdR. 6+d -2 i- 1+5( )(22Z2 7 % ;- )
7 @M =FAV`EN
M 7 @c +% * &1 *(23 - 6(0 +1)( 7(60 *+ &<<- .%=
++ 7( 3. -2.4/- -1 *+ 58' )(2232.7.% ;- ). =N
*(,+ ( *(23 - C >%(22+'2(: +<- ( ,-4.2-1: +<- ( +1
>1 42-1- 5.' .9. *+ 6(0 ( *(1%( +27+6 + = (23 - 6(0 +1)(
+<- ( ,-4.2.,8 /-: * 6(0 +1 /( 7-,(/+ (2*( ( &%(2 />%`6++
827-2.). = !(1)+/+1+ *+ &<<- - *(1%( (163+ : *(23 - 6(0 +1)(
6++ -2.4 /- -1 *+ 58' )(2232.1.1 82) 9 1 />,2(7('2( '(1)+
6++ 2( +1+1 7( 9D* 82) 9 1 : 0( ,( )( (;-5 > )&9&1& +?-)(
( 7(' ()+ = /2.1)- 6(0+ %- (1 &%(2 />%2( 6(0 +)+ -7* -)- (1 58'
2-1 />%2( ;( 6++ 2( 7 @1+1)+ =
FT= (23 - -%- . H
@
;31 63+ 2( +1+1 *(23 - +2( -23'- ' ) 9 n4-%- n
'-; -7. *+2+1)+9+ &%( ( (60+ `/( + ,( +)+ = ( 3<+ : * -)7( 3.1. /( +2( = &%(2: 13)+ ;( '.,7( 2+ 82-1 /( 73,(2( +1
4-0-2. )- 82/-7 2-'- 7&6 ( +/+ 82 = @
;31 6++ +1)( *(23 - :
4-%- - *(1%( +2)+9+1)( 63+ 8 4-%- )- 6++ /- -1 *+ &<<- 82
;( 63+ 2( (1(22+'2( '(1)+ 6++ 2( +1+1: 4-%- )- (1 '.,7( 2+ ;(
(1 (;-5 > (1 7( 3827-/. +2( >;&1& 2( H
+1( *Z%Z R. *(2Z[*(2Z[- )- (0+6 \ 1-g7 b
o.2). _.,7( )( )& R+ &?(R,+ (2731 . 6+'(/
(0+6 @ M =EW`AN
M (0+6 @c +1( &%(2 />% 4-%- .1)- /(1+1 6++ +1:
(2731 .1/>% +1<+/+1+ '.,7( ('. ).=N
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
170
(0+6 @,( > ( *(23 - : 4-%- ). ;( * 4-%- .1 7( 3. />%
+1<+2( +)+ = 3+ 2( * -)- 6++ 2( +1+: />%2( +1+ /( +2(7(' ()+ =
(0+6 @
: &%(2 />% 4-%- .1)- (60+ ()+2(1 6++ 2( +1+1: />% &/ 3).
(2731R. 3;(<@1+1 />% +1<+2( +1+ '. ).9.1.: ,-1+ '.,7( ;(
4-0-)- 81 1 +1<+ +*+ 6++ 2( +1+ (5 +9+1+ +?-)( ( 7(' ()+ =
(23 - 4-%- .1.1 7( 9D* 7( 3. (0+6 @
p
1+1 6++ +)+ =
(1&7 82 ];3<(R,+ *Z%Z R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- '+ 7&)Z7
& ( &pR Z<R. '(2Z7R. ?&/(aZ) /&]-1 7
X(%3'@M =SVA`TN
M *(23 - 4-%- .1.1 &<<3. *(1+7 '+ />%2( +7 0( %-7-1
?-/@02( +1 />%&1&1 3<.1)-'+ (1 *&,&' +1<+)+ =N
3+ ( > ( *(23 - : *+ 4-%- C '(1)+/+ )( * 4-%- .1
3<+ +)+ =
) 7)- 7( 3: &%(2 />%)& = &%(2 />% /-0+*+ ;(
'-*+2+,( + 82-1 0( '(/ * -)- /-1- .1. /( +2(7(' ()+ = 1<-'
* 4-%- .1 (1 +,+/+ ;((?(1)+/+: X(%3'@)+ = "&1'& 81 1
/>%2( +: *(23 - 4-%- .1)-'+?-/@
02( +1 />% 3<.1)-'+ (1 *&,&'
+1<+)+ =
-%- .1 (1 '.,7( 2+ />%2( + 81- 3+ + = -)n & ( & R 3<n+2( FG= ,&%,.2.1 58' >1(72+ />% &/ -)2- .1)-1
(,/@1+1 * +/+7)('+ (/( +1( )( *+ >1)( 7( ,-4.27.6
827-/. 7 0(7(2)+ =
()\7 0-_ * '+ *(1)( R (0R+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )o 7Z6R. 1-g7R. ( +b (%7()+' )&'Z1 7. '8).
()@
7 M =FUW`AN
M ()@7c ( 5(' 6 '+ /(1+1 3%( 6++ 2( +1)(1 )8' 17 6
' 7-6: *(23 - 4-%- .1)- (%7()+' )&''31 7. '8) wN
()@
7: &%(2 />%2( +: 5- 6.,- *(1%( 7+6 + = "- 6.: *(23 5- 6./. 82 1<- * -)- /- .2-12- )- &%(2 />%2( )(1 ;(
6++ 2( )(1 )8' 1-1 ' 7-62- 827 6 = ()@
7 +1 6++ 2( +:
*(23 - 5- 6./.1.1 (1 58' /- .2-1: 0( ,( )( - -1-1 7( 3.). =
"&1'& 81 1 6++ 2( + 3%()+ = +;31 6++ + 0(4/>,2(17(7+6+ ,-1+
3%(`,(1+ 82-1. *+ *-6'- +?-)(,2( *+' R+ 7313,. * 27-' ;(
/>,2(7(' +/ ( =
1 ,-47-': i3+ +1 / -2.9.1.1 >/ ( + =
()@
7 +1 6++ +1+: *(23 - 4-%- .1.1 0( )&''31.1)- * 2 1-1 *+
' 7-6 ,-4-1)-6++ 2( +1+1 3%(M()3N 827-/.). = /2.1)- ()@
7
* *(, +,2( @
;31 6++ +1( ( + )+9+ ,(1+2+'2( ( )( +6- ( ()+,8 :
)+,(*+2+ +%=
(2Z[
*-[2-) 7 *Z
(2Z[- *(1)( +1)(
+
( ;- 82/- ,&'&7 0(4)& & 6(0R;Z
%7@
R%3)( 32( @MX(/1(;+,,3 V`FSBN
M (23 +/'(2(/+1( ,&'&7&
0(4'.,7( 2+ +1<+ 82/- 1( ;- cN
*-92-).7:
,&'&7
32( @
C *(23 - .: +<3( ,-4.2-1 *+ +/'(2(,(: '(1)+/+1+ )(
'.,7( 2+ ;( + + +1<+2( -6.,-1 *+ (7+ '-4-1.1- *(1%( 7+6 + =
/2.1)- ,&': +1/-1 +5+1 7(6-''- + = -'32( @
: ,&'
-6.7-' -1 6+'3,( 5+ )(9+2)+ ="&1'& 81 1 ,&'&: +1<+ ;(
<(;0( )+ = -1+ '.,7( 2+ 7( 3). =
1 -6.7-'2- )- +?+0( 7(' ()+ =
*-92-7)- 32( @
: &%(2 />% 5- 6./.1- '(1)+ />%
+1<+2( +1+ -6.7-' -). =
1 1 />%&: 6(0;3 +1<+/+ +*+
)(9( 2+)+ =
/>% +1<+/+1+1: )(9( +1+1 *+2+1(<(9+ ,( )(
6&40(/+% *(23 - 4-%- .). = >% +1<+2( +: * 4-%- )- - .2. =
FU= (23 - -')+ H
2.6;( +6+1 4- - +2( ,-4.2).9. 842 72- )- 4- - >1(72+)+ =
!-%-17-/.: (2)( ( 7(/+ )( (1(22+'2( %8 ) = : 827-)-1
1( )(,/( 0+5*+ 6(, 827-%= - - )(9( 2+ 82) 9 ;( (1(22+'2(
%8 '-%-1.2).9. +5+1: +6+1 '82-,.1- '-57-' +/ (,(1 '-24-%-12- :
589 %-7-1 /-0(`'-24 4- - *-/7-,- ,(2 (17+62( )+ = 1<-'
'- 6.2- .1- ( 5(' 4- -,. /-0( 4- -)-1 -,. -1 1-''3)25.'7.6 . =
(23 - : 4- -,- *(1%( +2)+9+ %-7-1 >1<(2+'2(
*(23 - .1 )(9( 2+ ;( (5( -'5( 82) 9 )&6&1&27(' ()+ =
1<-' 1-/.2 4- -1.1 /-0(/+ ,-4.2-*+2+,8 /-: *(23 - 4- -/.1.1
)- /-0(/+ ;( )(9( /+%+ 82-*+2+ =
1<-'
@
;31 63+ 2( +
/>%2( +1+1`6++ 2( +1+1
( 5(' ;(
(5(
*(23 - -'5(/+
82) 9 1)-1 (7+1)+ 2( H
-_)R
*(2Z[
[- 82). /( Z/( -%(22( &7
-_)R+ *(2Z
d )) + )+ 4(1<4(1<-1. 1-'Z)R. ^% Z
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =FTT`WN
M -%(22( +7 *-6 -1*-6- *(23 - -'5(/+ 82) =
1-''3).: 81 *(6 *(6 /-,).=N
-7-1.1
3+ C *(23 - . 4- -,-: -%(22( +1+ )( *(23 - 4- -/.1*(1%( 7+6 + =
(23 - .1 4- -,- *(1%( +27(/+1)( >%(22+'2(
4- -1.1 (5( -'5( 827-/. ;( )(9( 2+ 827-/. ,( -27-' -). '+
63+ +5+1 P &%(2 />%Q )( *>,2()+ = 32( @1+1 -%(22( + *(23 -'5(/+)+ ;( 0( ,( )( (5( = -0( 827- +0+7-2+ ,8' = - 81 1 -%(22( +1+1 *(23 - -'5(/+1+: (5( 4- -,. /-0( 4- -)-1
-,. -1 1-''3) *+ ( *(6 /-,- = 32( @1+1*(23 - -'5(2( +: )+9(
63+ 2( +1 -'5(2( + '- 6./.1)- *+ ( *(6 )(9( +1)()+ =
-_)
)\1(R
-_
1(R,+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- - 7+d,Z ). _-2(7
X\%Z1R. )& & &0( R+ &?Z ). _-2(7
6 (? -6- M!=FE`FN
M!-2(7: *(23 - -'5(/+1( ( 3%+)+ = !-2(7: />% +1<+/+ ;(
<(;0( +1+1 7@%31.). =N
(,+ ( *(23 - : -'5(,(C &%(2 />% )( +1<+ ;( <(;0( (
*(1%( +27+6 + = 12- .1 '.,7( +1+ ;(,- '-2482 4827-).9.1.
>25(1 )( '-2(7 82- -' )&6&1&27&6 & =
FE= (23 - (1+%+H
(1+%+H
n (1+%nC/.1. /.%2.': (1 +12+': )+1 +12+': )( +12+':
*( ('( : *822 ': %(1 +12+': &% - ;/= +*+ *+ 58' '-; -7.
-'2- ( + + = 1<-' @;31 63+ 2( +1<(: *(23 - : )(1+%(
*(1%( +2)+9+1)( '- 6.7.%- 5.'-1 +2' '(2+7(: )& `+1<+
+'+1<+/+ )( -;;3/`)-2 .5 . = (23 - .1: )(1+%2( 1+ (2(1)+9+
*(,+ 2( )( 63+ 2( (1(22+'2(: *(23 - *-0 +1)( / - *+
)-2 .5 ;( 6++ 2( + )( 8 *-0 +1 )& R+ ,(' 3/.). = (23 *-0 +1+1 )( +12+'2( +1)( * 2 1-1 7313 +1<+2( +1+ 63+ 2( :
*+ -;;3/ +*+ )-2.4 5.'- . 2- =
*-92-7)- 812- : 0(7
*(23 - -'+ / -2.'2- .1. 0(7 )( 6++ 2( +1+1 +1<+ +*+
)(9( 2+ 82) 9 1 ;
2- 2- H
& R+ 7-d1\ )&'(17(%/( 1 82- (i)Z?R. -*d b)-1
-/\a\ )Zs+7Z [-;;Z/R. )( ,Z
,ZRR,. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- /.1
-/@
0@M = SGF`EN
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
171
M -/@0@: -*+- .1.1 /-)(?2( +1)(1 7313+1<+/+ &'(17(%/(
1( 82-c (1: )3+7- *(23 - )(1+%+1+1 )-2 .<./.1=N
3+ C *(23 - . *-0 (: -*+- .1. /-)(?(: '(1)+/+1+ )-2 .<-:
7313,. )- +1<+,( *(1%( 7+6 + = +2+1)+9+ &%( ( +1<+: /-)(?
)(1+2(1 *+ & )(1+% <-12./.1)-1 5.'- 7.6= +/-1 -,.1)- /-0+2(
5.'-1 /-)(?+1 +5+1(: +/-1 ,-97 1)-1 *+ )-72- )&6( 7+6=
-7-12- * )-72- /-)(?+ -0- /.% ()( ;( 8 )- *+ 5(6+ /.;.
/-2 .2- 7.6=
/.;. %-7-12- '- .2-6. ;( +1<+ 82 6 7 6= 1<+
5.'- 7-,-:/-)(?+1 -*+- . , 1) = -6'- *+ -*+- - * 1 1
827-/. 7&7'&1 )(9+2)+ =
*-92-7)- 63+ : -*+ - .1.`
,- - .2.6.1.: /-)(?( *(1%( ( (' ?. - .1.1 7313 +1<+2( +
5.'- 7-,- , 1 82) 9 1 ;( * 12- .1 -/2- &'(17(,(<(9+1+
+?-)( ( 7+6 + = , .<- 63+ : *(23 - *-0 +1( 0( %-7-1 )-2-1 *+
-;;3/). = (1+%)( 1-/.2 +1<+ &'(17(%/(: *(23 - )(1+%+1)(
)( 7313+1<+2( + *+ 7(% ;( * 12- . )3+7- * 2 45.'- -1: 63+ +1
'(1)+/+)+ =
(2Z[(2Z[- *-a +1&b
+
_-d .1 *+2(12( > 7()&' )+ 2(
(1&7 [-;;Z/R. l-*d 7 * 2) [. 2 s2^R,. 2-s2Z,.
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M!=UF`TAN
M (23 - )(1+%+1+1 )( +12+9+1+ *+2(12( : *(1+7 -*+- .7
)-2 .<.1.1 * 2) 9 +1<+ &<<- .1.: > 7()+' )( 2( =N
32( @
C *(23 - . )(1+%(: -*+- .1. )- )-2 .<- *(1%( 7+6 + =
: *(23 - )(1+%+1+1 >,2( )( +1 ,( 2( +1( )-2- '+ * )(1+%+1
)( +12+'2( +1+ *+2(12( *+2( 81 1 8 -)- * 2) 9 +1<+ )&''-1.1.
> 7(7+62( )+ = 32( @ *>,2(<(: *(23 - 0 / / 1)- )+9(
63+ 2( )(1 &/ &12&9&1& +?-)( ( 7+6 + =
(0+6 \ )& 2& <(;0( 2( ( & )&b +6 (R,+ 1-g7X( ( [-;;ZiR. d-6_ 82 4*(2Z[*(2Z[- *-a +1( l-2) b
(0+6 @M = SVT`EN
M (0+6 @c -%.7 +4+1( & 2& <(;0( 2( )+%)+1= X(9( /(1
-6' )-2 .<. 82 4*(23 - *-0 +1( )-2).1=N
(0+6 @
C *(23 - . )(1+%(: '(1)+/+1+ )-2 .<-: 6++ + +4( ;(
'(1)+ 6++ 2( +1+ )( +1<+,( *(1%( 7+6 + = 3+ : *(23 - )(1+%+1(
)-2- -' 8 -)-1 5.'- ).9. 5(6+ 2+ 6++ +1<+2( +1+ 1-%.7 +4+1(
)+%7+6 + =
( *+ /&]-1 7 *+ )& R+ )( ,ZR
*(2Z[
[,ZR,. *(2Z
( *+ 1(?(/&7 82/- 1 82- d-1*( R+ /Z Z
&0(,2@M!=UW`GSN
M ( *+ />%&7: *(23 - )(1+%+1+1 *+ +1<+/+)+ =
1(?(/+7 /-?-1*( 82/-: 1( 82 cN
( *+
&0(,2@0( *+ />%&1&`6++ +1+ *(23 - )(1+%+1)(1 5.'-1
+1<+,( *(1%( 7+6 + = 3+ n0( *+ /&0-1 7n +?-)(/+,2( *& &1
/>%2( +1+1 *(2@
9 82) 9 1 *(2@
9 827-,-1 />%&1&1 827-).9.1.
*(2+ 7+6 + =
u+,Z,\ -<.) [ 7 * '+ 0( *+ lZ2+*R+ 7-d1\
(2Z[2%&7&b)(1 )& R+ 7('1^1 82) [ 7 *+27(%
(2Z[- _ 2%&7&
X8/ - 2. -/-1 +,3,@M =FAW`EN
M +,3,@c <.).9.7 * '+ 0( *+ 7313 32+*+: *(23 )(1+%+1)(1 4- 2-' +1<+ 82) 9 7 : *+27(%=N
+,3,@
: '(1)+/+1+: *(23 - )(1+%+1)('+ 4- 2-' *+ +1<+ +*+
0-,32 ( 7+6 + =
3+ : *(23 - )(1+%+1)(: 7313 +1<+/+
- -,-12- .1: '(1)+/+1+1 * )(1+%)( 4- 2-' ;( *&,&' *+ +1<+
82) 9 1 *+27(7(2( +1( -<.7.6 . = !./-<-/. +,3,@
: *(23 )(1+%+1+1 7313 +1<+/+1+ - -,-12- -: '(1)+/+1+ * 27-2- .1.
-;/+,( ( 7+6 + =
!(2Z7 b qZ2( \**-a
*a R+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- 82) [.1 *+2)+
>%&b)(1 1p
82- 5._7-%/- /(1&b 82 (;0( R+ ,(' Z
%7@
R%3)( 32( @M =W`EN
M 32( @c (6/+% 0-%+1(: /(1+1 />%&1&1 *(23 - )(1+%+
82) 9 1 *+2)+= : /(1+1 />%&1)(1 5.'7-%/- 1( 82-cN
32( @
: )-0- >1<('+ *(,+ 2( +1 -'/+1( />%&1& +1<+,( )(9+2
)(1+%(: )-0- )89 / *(23 - )(1+%+1( *(1%( 7+6 + = +2+1)+9+
&%( ( )(1+%+1 )( +12+'2( +1)( / ,- >7&27&6 6(0+ 2( )(1 ;(,*- 7.6 (7+2( )(1 - - '-2-1 0-%+1(2( * 2 1 =
-1+
0-%+1(2( +1 * 2 1-<-9. ;( - -1-<-9. ,( )(1+% )+42( +)+ = +
(;0( R+ ,(' 3M(6/+% 0-%+1(N: 63+ +1 '(237.1.1 )(1+% 82) 9 1
*+27+6 ;( '(1)+1( ,( 82- -' 8 -,. /(57+6 + =
0-%+1(: 63+ +1
*(23 - )(1+%+ 82-1 />%&1)(1 5.'7-%/- 0+5*+ 6(, 827-%:
5&1'& 81 1 ,( + 8 -/.). = , .<- n/>%&1)(1 5.'7-'n)(,+7+
(; +,(2+ 82- -' ' 22-1.2).9.1)-: *(23 - )(1+%+1)('+ * 0-%+1(:
32( @1+1 />%&1& 7-' -: ,-1+ 81- 3*@827-' -). =
!(1Z R. 1-g7- )& 2( )+%)+ -a,Z
(2Z[<^6 ] ^6.
(2Z[- *-a +1&1
+
(,0&2+/237 -0,- M =UFA`EN
M -0,3c (23 - )(1+%+1+1 <86' / : 1-%.7 /30+2+1( +1<+2(
)+%)+=N
(,0&2+/237 -0,3C *(23 - . )(1+%(: 1-%7. /30+2( ;( 6++ +
)( 8 /30+2)('+ +1<+2( ( *(1%( 7+6 + = 3+ : 1-%.7 /30+2+1( 6++
+1<+2( +1+1 )+%+27(/+1+: *(23 )(1+%+1+1 <867-/.1-:
'-*- 7-/.1- *-92-7-' -). = X 0(7(2(1:*(23 - 827-)-1:
+1<+ )(9( +1)( 6++ 2( 827-,-<-9.1.: ,-1+ *(2@
9 827-,-1
/>%2( +1 6++ 827-,-<-9.1. +?-)( ( 7(' +/ (7+6 + =
h. /\ [- \_R. 2&<<(R,+ *-a R+ *(2Z[- -7
^% - )- 827-). 0+5 ,(2'(1 Z6+1Z
. /@M =FF`EN
M . /@c (23 - )(1+%+1+1 (1 +1 / 2- .1)- *89 27 6 7=
&% - )- 0+5 -1.).' ,(2'(1 827-).=N
3+ : *(23 - . ?. .1-2. *+ )(1+%( *(1%( 7+6 ;( '(1)+/+ )(
* )(1+%)( - ' 827 6 = 1 1 *89 2) 9 / 2- )- -1.).'
0+5*+
(7+ ,8' = 8 7-2)( '+7/( )(1+%)( *89 27-'
+/ (7(%: -1<-' 63+ ( > (: '(1)+/+: *(23 - )(1+%+1)(
*89 27-' -1 6+'-,( 5+ )(9+2 -'/+1( 7(71 1) = "&1'& *
)(1+% /. -)-1 *+ )(1+% )(9+2)+ = (23 - )(1+%+)+ =
)(1+%)(
- ' 82-1: *(23 - - - ' 82 = (23 - )(1+%+1( 81)-1 *-6'- ' 82-1 '+7/( 827-).9. +*+: 8 )(1+%+1 ,&%(,+1)( (%+1(1
*+2( ,8' = 3+ * ) 72- >;&17(' + =
FA= (23 - (;0( + H
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
172
P (23 - Q '(2+7(/+1+1 '.,7( 2+ -62- 2- 1+ (2(1)+9+
*(,+ 2( * *-62.' -2 .1)- 842-1).= P (23 - Q '-; -7. <(;0( :
+1<+: ,3'
+*+ '(2+7(2( 2( ' 22-1.2).9.1)- *(23 - .1 '.,7( +:
4-0-/. ;( ( '+2(,+<+9+ >1 42-1- 5.'7-' -). = 3+ 2( C />%&`6++ +:
'.,7( 2+ 827-/.: )(9( ;( +27(/+ ;( %+1( 82- -' -6.17-/.
,>12( +1)(1 <(;0( ( *(1%( 7+6 + H
+5( l-*dR(* R+ &0( R*Z R. *(2Z[*(2Z[- '+7 +)(
Za-R,. i-?a-,. 1-g7R. ( +2( *-a R+ d )(1
(*@
* M!=SE`SN
M +5( *(23 - <(;0( + ,-9). -1 * 2 ,- - .2.62.2- C -%(
6++ +2(:)&% %(7+1+: )(1 )(1+%+ ,-4- =N
*(,+ ( *(23 - : <(;0( ( *(1%( +27+6 + =
(23 <(;0( + ,-9). -1 * 2 ,- - .2.62. 6-+ 2( : 58 -' 84 -'2- .: ,(1+
6++ 2( 2( )(1 )(1+%+1( 5(;+ 7+6 + = )(1: !.%.2)(1+% ( /-0+2+
82-1 ;( (57+6 (1 &1&7&%( +1<+ ,( +6 + +2(1 *+ 6(0+ )+ =
,('RR ZR,. *(2Z[
& R+ ,('
*(2Z[- &0( R+ *\d+22(
(;0( R+ 1Z)+ (R_.,7( )& R+ )( ,ZR,. *-0Z
X@%ZR%Z)( Z2+7 M!=SA`FGN
M (1%( /+% *(23 - +1<+/+: ' / / % <(;0( =
'.,7( ( <(;0( : 4-0- )(1+%+1+1 +1<+/+=N
6/+%
3+ : * -)- 7(7)D0 X(07() -6- ,. >;7(' +5+1 81 :
*-%. /.?- 2- 2- 1+ (2(7+6 + =
1+ (2(7(2( +1 0(4/+ <(;0(
'-; -7. ( -?.1)- 82 67 6 = 32+7: 7( 0 ( +9+ '+6+,+
<(;0( ( ;( +1<+,( *(1%( 7('2( *+ 2+' (: 81 : >%(22+'2(
P*(1%( /+% *(23 - +1<+/+Q 82- -' )- -;/+? ( 7+6 + = : *
;(/+2( +2( 7(7)D0 1 1 />% ;( 6++ )('+ '.,7( +1( ;(
7-0- ( +1( +63( ( 7+6 + =
>%&7 '+ _ l-R,. ,Z_^ ( & 22RR*(2
*(2ZZ[- )&
q 2+,,R+ /Z7+d-R,. _ )/+,Z1R. dZ2(7)&
(*@
*M!=S`TN
M >%&7 '+ *(23 - ,3'
7(2('2( +1+1 ' 2-'2- .1- %@1( + =N
1)-1
'&4()+ :
32(7+1
(*@
*: >1<( *(23 - . ,3' -: /81 - )- '(1)+ />%&1&
*(23 - ,3' 1- *(1%( 7+6 + = 3+ : '(1)+ />%&1&1 ;(
*(23 - .1 )(9( +1+ +?-)( ( 7(' +5+1 />% ;( *(23 '-; -72- .1.: '.,7( 2+ *+ -6 82-1 P,3' Q '(2+7(/+ ( -?.1)' 22-17.6 . =
, .<- 63+ +1 />%2( +: 0-7 ,3'
)(9+2)+ =
62(17+6: /-1 - '3 (2+ )(97+6: '&4( 6('2+1)( *+ *(23 ,3' ) '+ 32(7+1 7(2('2( + 81 %@
1( 82- -' ' 2-'2- .1)-6. 2- = 3+ *>,2(<(: P' 2-9.1- '&4( 827-'Q )(,+7+1( )(
(27+0 ()( (': />%2( +1+1 0(7 (/ ( +'`*()@: 0(7 )(
7313`7( 31+ ,>1&1)(1 )(9( 2+ 82) 9 1 *(2+ 7(' +/ (7+6 + =
( R Z R. 6 dZdR. ] R. ( )^1- (,Z1\
-g7 (,2( /(2\/Z1( 2(
2(dZ2\
dZ2\R
dZ2\R,+ *(2Z
*(2Z[(,31@M =EE`EN
M (,31@c (2(' &1(6+1+1 -2 .1 /. 7- .6.9.1-: *(23 +1<+2( +1+ )&% &1<( )+%=N
(,31@
: *(23 - . +1<+,( *(1%( 7+6: &1(6 ;( *(23 - +1<+/+
- -/.1)- 6('+2 ;( 4- 2-'2.' ,>1&1)(1 *+ -23'- ' 7 6 =
&1(6 *&,&': , ;- 2-' ;( 4- 2-' . = 1<+1+1 )( *&,&':
, ;- 2-' ;( 4- 2-' 82-1. '.,7( 2+)+ =
*-92-7)- *(23 0(7 +1<+,( 0(7 )( &1(6( *(1%( +2( (' 1( '-)- )(9( 2+
82) 9 +?-)( ()+27+6 + =
, .<- 63+ : '(1)+/+1( 0+ -*(1H
P (23 - +1<+2( +1+: &1(6 .6.12- .1- )&% &1<( )+%=Q )(7('2(
&1(6 .6.12- .1.1 0( ,( ( 2-67-/. +*+: )&% &1 82) 9
-')+ )(: *(23 - +1<+/+ 6++ 2( +1+1 )( )&1,-1.1 0( ,( +1(
( +6(<(9+1( +63( ( 7+6 + =
FG= (23 - (73/. H
@
;31 63+ 2( +: P*(23 - Q. *-%(1 >',&%& +2( *+ 2+' (
)&6&17&62( C )8' % ?(2(9(: * <-:
&1(6( ;( - 6*(1%( 7+62( )+ =
*(1%( 7(2( )( (1(22+'2( *(23 - +2(
/(731.1 ,&'/('2+9+: ,&<(2+9+ - -/.1)- *-9' 27 6: *(23 - .1
)- >',&%& +*+ 0(7 ,&'/(': 0(7 )( 5/ % * <-'/.% 82) 9
-/-;; ()+27+6 + =
) 7)- 63+ 2( : *(23 - /(73/.1)- ,*+ ,.2).% ,- )- 8 -,- )89 '-1- 2-1-1 &73827 62- ). H
(1 82/- 1&0R/+4+0 R+ *(2Z[*(2Z[- d-<(* 7+)&
/d-) 0&7ZR,. l-*d.1- 4( ;Z%- *-62-).
(,0&2+/2-7 / -) M = SBT`EN
M / -) -*+- .1.1`,- - .2.6.1.1 0&73/.1- 57-,- *-62-).=
(23 - .1 )8' % ?(2(9+ )- 82/- 6-6.2. 7.wN
3+ : -*+- .1.`'-*+2+,( +1+ 0&73 ' 6 1- *(1%( 7+6 + =
(;2( ' 6 82- -' )- *+2+1(1 0&73: ,&'/('2( )( 5- ;( -/2,( ( '817-%7.6= (23 - . )- ,&'/('2+': (1 +12+' ;( *+ 7(%2+'
,>12( +,2( )8' % ?(2(9( *(1%( (1 63+ : -*+- .1.1 R,-1+ />%
'-*+2+,( +1+1R 0&73/.1- *+1)+9+ %-7-1 *(23 - .1 )8' % ?(2(9+
81- )- (27(' ()+ = : *(23 - - )8' % ?(2(9+1 )( ?(;'.1(
'-1- 5. 4-<-' *+ 63+ )+ =
82- Zdd- 66RR. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )- ()( /( 4( ;Z%
hZs+ R+ _ )/\R,+ +) Z'+7( ;( )+1 4( & *Z2
6 (? -6- M!= FW`EUN
M (1+7 +) 3'+7+1 ' /-2 ' 6 1- '82 '-1- ;( )+1: *(23 - 6.1)- 5- /- 1( 82 cN
3+ : *(23 - +2( /(731.1 (1 ,&'/(' ,( + 82-1 - 6 - -/.1)*+ *-9 ' 7 6 =
*-92-7)- *(23 - : >',&%& +*+ (1 +1
;( ;3/+ *+ -2-1). =
3+ +1 +) 3'+1+1 7 '-))(/ ' 6 : 81;( +2(1 '-1- +2(: *(23 - /(73/.1.1 (1 ,&'/(' ,( + 82-1
*(23 - - 6.1- '-1- 2-1. /- * 1)- 6-6.2-<-' *+ 6(, ,8' =
6R*(23 - R' )/@'-; -72- . *+ - -)- )&6&1&2)&9&1)( 63+ :
*(23 - .1 %+ ;(/+ 82-1 7 '-))(/ '+ -4 ! 31R. !( @
7 + )(
0- . 2- 7-' -). =
<R. (?2Z'
2Z'RR. *(2Z
*(2Z[- )- _.2 47(1%+2+1+
( R*&2(1) + )+ (0+6 \ d-2(7R+ (6dZ .
(0+6 @ M = EBU`EN
M (0+6 @: 7(1%+2+1+ *(23 - ?(2('2( +1+1 * < 1)- '.2.4:
6++ 2( +1 /-1<-9.1. ,&<(2 +=N
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
173
- 2-7,8/ /+/ (7+1)(1 5.'- .2-1 *+ )&6&1&6( > (
)&1,-: '3+1- .1 7( '(%+)+ = &1,-,.: )8' % ?(2(' 5(; (2( =
M -2-: FVVGH FWFN ,-1+ '3+1- .1 '- 7-12- . ;- ). ;( *
'- 7-12- - ?(2(' )(1+ = 3+ : *(23 - . >',&%& +*+ )&6&17&6
;( 81 1 )- '- 7-12- .`?(2('2( + 82) 9 1
-/-;;
( 7+6 + =P
<Q '-2( 0+/- . -12-7.1- (27('2( *+ 2+' ( &1(6+1
,> &1 (/+1+ 82 6 -1 81 +'+ )+2+7 ;( ,.2).% '&7(/+
-12-72- .1. )- -6.7-' -). =
3+ : 6++ + *+ /-1<-9*(1%( 7+6 + = -1<-' *+2+1)+9+ &%( ( *+ 7+22( +: 842 2 9 ;(,* (7/+2 ()( = ( /-1<-' 0( %-7-1: 0( '(/+1 > (<(9+
,&'/(' *+ ,( ( )+'+27(2+)+ = ( +02( )( 6(0 +1 (1 ,&'/('
,( +1( ;(,- '-2(1+1 (1 ,&'/(' * < 1- )+'+2+ = -, -': *+
1(;@;- 2.9.1 ;( ?( 0+1 /(7*82&)& = -, -9.1`/-1<-9.1 ,( (
)&67(/+ ;- 2.9.1 *+ 7(/+ )(7(' + =
*-92-7)- 63+ : *(23 ?(2('2( +1+1 (1 ,&'/(' * < 1- 63+ 2( +1 6++ *-, -9.1.
)+'7('2( >;&17(' ()+ = 3+ : 6++ *-, -9.1. >,2( ,&'/(' *+
,( ( ,&<(2 7+6 + '+ )&1,-1.1 0( ,( +1)(1 > &2(*+2+ =
X+0 R+ 7&1\ R+ (;<R+ /+4+0 R+ *(2Z[
*(2Z[- %
8_) ( ( 5+ ;+ ( _-)( _-) R+ 6Z1 7 %
37@M =FAA`SN
M (23 >',&%&1&1 %+ ;(/+1)( 4- 2-'
&1(6+%=
31.7.%.1 '-) + ,8')
( 5+ -7- '-)( 6-1.7.%.1 '-) +1+
;( /+1=N
3+ *(23 - . >',&%&1(: '(1)+/+1+ )( *(23 - /(73/.1.1
%+ ;(/+1)( 4- 2-,-1 *+ &1(6( *(1%( 7+6 + = (23 - .1 4- 2-'
&1(6+ 82-1 63+ +1 631.: *+2+17(% -7- 8: *+ &1 '-)(
- -?.1)-1 631.1.1 ;( '-) +1+1 *+2+1(<(9+1+ )&6&1& =
2 * <R. *(2Z[
*(2Z[- )- '+ *+% 7+0 R+ /&1^] %
z,+1(R,+ \ \ +*+ *+ ?(,kR+ ;&%^a %
-1)@M =F: =FB`FN
M +%: *(23 - * < 1)- )89-1 &1(6+%: <+0-1 -,1-/. +*+
36+'- *+ ?(,%+%=N
P
<QC 0+/- : '-2( ' 2(/+ +*+ -12-72- - (27('2(
*+ 2+' (: &1(6 ,> &1 (/+1+1 FS )+2+7+1+1 0( *+ + ;( ,.2).%
'&7(/+ -12-7.1. )- -6. =
*(, +1 -12-7 -2-1.1)- 63+ :
*&,&' +0+7-2 * < '8%7+' *+ 1/ 82- -' )&6&17&6 & =
&1(6:/(1(1+1 *(22+ )>1(72( +1)( *(22+ * 52- )- )89- C '85
* < : -/2-1 * < : +'+%2( * < ;/= +*+= 3+ '(1)+/+1+
&1(6( ;( *(23 - . )&1(6+1 * 52- .1)-1 *+ +1(
*(1%( 7+6 + =
*-92-7)- 63+ : *(23 - * < 1)- )897 6 :
)(1+2(*+2+ =
81 5
> &2)&9& &%( (
@
;31 63+ 2( +: 6++ 2( +1)(:n*(23 - n
'-; -7.1. ( 5(' -12-7.,2- ' 22-17-'2- *( -*( * '-; -7
+5+1 ?- '2. *(1%( 7(2( ;( 1+ (2(7(2( 82 6 7 62- ). =
- -7-2- 1( +<(/+1)( (/4+ ()+2(1 EB <+;- .1)- (6*+0 ;(
1+ (2(7(2( )(1 * ,-%.)- /-)(<( ?(1: '31 1: *(%7: &26(1:
*&2*&2: 4-4-9-1: 7(,)-1: - : &2'(: X./. : 6(0+ : -%- ;( -'5(:
)(1+%: 0-%+1( ;( >',&%& +*+ '(1)+ - -2- .1)- )- -12-7
+2+6'+/+ * 2 1-1 '-; -72- (2( -2.17.6 . = 3+ 2( : * 12- )-1
0- ('( 2( n*(23 - n '-; -7. ( -?.1)- ?- '2. -12-7 -2-12- .
82 6 7 62- ). =
(23 - '(2+7(/+ 0-1 + (6*+0 ;(,1+ (2(7(,2( ' 22-1.2. /- ' 22-1.2/.1: 82 6-1 -12-7 -2-1.
5( 5(;(/+1)( 63+ 2( 589 %-7-1 *(2@
9 ;( ?-/@
0 827-'2>;&17&62( )+ = - (1 n*(23 - n'-; -7.1.1 ,( -2).9. *(,+ 2(
(1(22+'2(
-%(22( )( 7-02-/ ;( '-/+)(2( )( ?-0 +,(
*(,+ 2( +)+ =
) 7)- 63+ : >;&1& '(1 ;(,- *(23 - .1
>1(7+1+ ;
2- '(1 ?- '2. 0-,-22( ' 7- ,82 1- + 7+6 + =
(23 - *+ ?(1 82- -' )&6&1&2)&9&1)( (1(22+'2( * ?(11+1
(0(77+,( + ;( 63+ +1 0&1( + >1 42-1- 5.'7.6 . = (23 '31 1- *(1%( +2)+9+1)( 0(7 '31 1 1 (/ ( +9+ ;( &%(2
1-97(2( +,2( *(23 - - -/.1)- *+ *-9 ' 27 6: 0(7 )( 63+
* '31 1 1 / - *+ 7 .*. 827-'2- +?+0- ( 7+6 + = (23 *(%7 82 1<- 63+ : *(%7+1 /3'@/+ ;(,- 4@+ 827-'2- >;&17&6:
*(23 - &26(1+ 0-,-2 ()+2)+9+1)( (1 &%(2 6++ 5+5('2( +1+
63+ 2( ,( +6 + 7+6 + = (23 - +2( &%(2 /(/+1)(1 )82-,. *&2*&2
- -/.1)- *+ *-9 ' 2) 9 %-7-1 63+ : *(23 - *&2*&2&
827-'2- +?+0- ( 7+6 + = (23 - 7(,)31.1)- ,- .6-` & (6(
6-1 63+ : 7(,)31.1 32+*+ 827-'2) ,7 6: *(23 - .1- *+1(1 63+ +: 0+5*+ /&;3+ (5(7(7+6 + = 3+ :*(23 &2'(/+1+1 / 2 -1. 827-'2- />% /-2 -1- .1)- 0&'&7 -12.9.1. +2-1
()+4 -'+42( +1( 7(,)-1 8' 7 6 = &%(2 />%2( +1 -2.1.4
/- .2).9. *(23 - 4-%- .1)- (1 )(9( 2+ -'5( 63+ +1 6++ 2( +
827 6 = (23 - : +5+1)( & 2& 0-%+1(2( + /-'2-,-1 *+ )(1+%
82) 9 1)- )@
;31 63+ 2( + *+
-;;3/ +*+ 8 -)-1 7313
+1<+2( +1+ ;( *(23 - 0-%+1(2( +1+ * 2 4 5.'- 7.62- ). = 12- :
*-%(1 *(23 - /(73/.1- '-1- 2-1-1 *+ 0&73 *-%(1 )( 8
/(73)- 4- 2-,-1 *+ ,.2).% 827 62- ). =
!
!"
! # :
-6- =
07()@ @;31: !&2 &
(
+%7
-'-12.9.
!& &40-1(2( ;( -,.72- (1(2 X&)& 2&9& ('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
!!$ : X( +1 MFVVTN= (?@ @;31.: 1'- -H '5-9 -,.12- .=
: X(07( MSBBEN=
/-2. ??( @;31.: / -1* 2H !+ -*(;+ -,.12- .=
: +,- MSBBGN= (;31@ @;31.: !81,-H (*- ?/( X- *--<.2.'=
: +,- MSBBGN= P -+ 2( +1 > &4 $1
'2- . + &,-H (23 - Q:
'+/0
)+(/ 1 ( 1- +81-2 ( +8)+<-2 8 0( -1 - (/: + ( - ( -1)
+/ 8 , 8? '+/08
'+< 82 7( S`U -22: /= FAFRFWU=
X : -6- MSBBBN= (0+6 @ @;31.: 1'- -H X
-,.12- .=
X : -6- MSBBGN= -;%@ @;31.: 1'- -H + 2(6+' !+ -*(;+=
X : -6- C "
!: -2+2 MSBBVN= X(60D @ @
;31. M (1'+ 2+ X( +1N:
!&2 &
(
+%7 -'-12.9. !& &40-1(2( ;( -,.72(1(2 X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
: - +0 MSBBWN= FG= &%,.2 -+ 2( +1)(1 (,31@1+1 @;31.
M 1<(2(7(R (1'+ 2+ X( +1N:
-,.72-17-7.6
8' 8 (%+: / -1* 2H
X- -7- - 1+;( /+ (/+ & '+,-6 . 7-2- . 1/ + &/&=
!
: ' (7 MSBBUN= X ;-''+ R%3)( X 0-77() ( (; -,- .: -1- .
;( @;31 .1.1 (1'+ 2+ X( 1+: -,.72-17-7.6 8' 8 - (%+: 1'- -H 1'- 1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
: X= !-,- MFVWVN= )(*+,- +2 + ;( (8 +2( + M (23 - N: +/ -1* 2H
1)( 1 !+ -*(;+=
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581
174
!$ : X(1)( (/ MSBBGN= n & ' (23 - +,2( 2 +2+ "-2.67-2- -/.2 (;-7
7(2+)+ wn: / -1* 2 1+;( /+ (/+ )(*+,- -'&2 (/+ = $2 /2- - -/. !23/+'
& ' )(*+,- . (748%, 7 !+ -*.: /= UTRES=
" $ # $: X(07() MFVWSN= (23'@ @;31.: / -1* 2H
=
" !: &'/(2 MSBFFN= n (''3'@,( !-)- (23 - "-2.67-2- .n: +2+7137(:
= SB: /= WERFBW=
#
: *) 2'-)+ MSBBGN= n -<. * 30+7 ?(1)+ 1+1 ( 0R+ (23 - .
MX( +1Nn:
'+/0
)+(/ 1 ( 1- +81-2 ( +8)+<-2 8 0( -1 - (/:
+ ( - ( -1) +/ 8 , 8? '+/08
'+< 82 7( S`U -22: /= TSFRTGB
X : - .' MSBBAN= )+ 1(2+ 3+% @;31. M 1<(2(7(R (1'+ 2+ X( +1R +%+1N
-,.72-17-7.6 &'/(2 +/-1/ (%+ 1'- -H -%+ 1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2
+2+72( 1/ + &/&=
: %(,+ MSBBTN= - ?( @1+1 -,- .: )(*@!+6+2+9+ ;( @;31 .1.1
(1'+ 2+ X( 1+:
-,.72-17-7.6
8' 8 (%+:
(1+%2+H
-7 ''-2(
1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
# : X 0-77()
MFVVGN= 32( (; + 3+ + (,0&2+/237 / -) ?(1)+
;( @;31.: / -1* 2H X
-,.12- .=
$ X$ : /7-+2R : X / -?- MSBBWN= n -0*31 2R 3+2@n:
/2-7
1/+'284()+/+: = TE: /= EFS=
# : X / -?- MSBFFN=
/-2. -07@;( @;31.: !&2 & (
+%7
-'-12.9.
!& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2
X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
!
: -2 ' MSBBFN= -/@0@ @;31. M 1<(2(7(RX( +1N: -,.72-17-7.6
&'/(' +/-1/ (%+: )-1-H " ' 8;- 1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
: X&*( -= X8/ - 2. -/-1 +,3@ -,- .R /( 2( +R -1- . ;(
@;31. M 1<(2(7(RX( +1N: 1'- -H !&2 & -'-12.9. -,.12- .=
X
: /- = &0(,2@ 07() *+1 (7)(7 !( 0 )3 @;31: !&2 & (
+%7
-'-12.9. !& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2 X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
$
: 303 MSBFBN= n -4 (23 - . 2R 30.% )-1
*) 2R!30+ (
!-)- '+ & (5n M ( H -?( !.%.'2.N: 1'- - 1+;( /+ (/+ 230+,- -'&2 (/+
( +/+: = EFHS: /= UTTRUAB=
:
)1-1
MFVVUN= X@%3R%3)( X(07() 32+7
@;31.:
1'- -H
&'/('>9 ( +7 ! 2 X- *--/.=
!
:
v
X(07( MSBBBN= 07() (;)( -6-:
(23 - R. /731+,,(: 1'- -H '5-9 -,.12- .=
!
!
: --)( MSBBFN= - +) + -, @;31.: !&2 &
(
+%7
-'-12.9.
!& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2
X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
!
: -, -7 2+ MSBBTN= %7@R%3)( 32( @ @;31.: - K- ) 1+;( /+ (/+
89 +22( + -,.12- .=
!
: (;'+,( MSBBTN= /'&)- 2. . @H -,- .: -0/+,( +: /( 2( + ;(
+;-1.M (1'+ 2+ X( +1R 1<(2(7(N: -,.72-17-7.6 8' 8 - (%+: 1'- -H
-%+ 1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
! ": -*(, MSBBGN= P 8?=
= 1<- !8 -1 -7( +1 ( 0 ;( (23 - 3+ +''- 2( +Q: = !23/+' & ' )(*+,- . (748%, 7 : M 8?= = 1<!8 -1 -7( - . -/.1-N: !-,/( +=
! ": -*(, MSBBGN= 07() -7)+: (23 - R. +/31R. /731@ M 1<(2(7(R
X( +1R +%+1N!-,/( +H -5+1 -,.1(;+=
!$
# $:
MSBBUN= (*@* @;31. M 1<(2(7(R (1'+ 2+ X( +1R
>%2&'N: !&2 &
(
+%7 -'-12.9. !& &40-1(2( ;( -,.72(1(2
X&)& 2&9& ('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
!$
: - 7- -*+0- MSBBUN= 4-(7@1+R%3)( X / -?- 37@: 1'- -=
! " !: -*-0- +1 MFVVUN= 3'@ @;31. (1'+ 2+ -/.7: 1'- -H
!
-,.12- .=
:
30 . . MFVWUN= +;-1 )(*+,- . !(2+7(2( ;( (7+%2(
X-%7 12- ;( X(?0 72- : / -1* 2H 1)( 1 !+ -*(;+=
X
: X 0/+1 MFVVGN= ()@7 @;31.: 1'- -H '5-9 -,.12- .=
X X : 07( MFVVFN= X(%3'@ 0-,- .: )(*@ !+6+2+9+ ;( @;31. 1.1
(1'+)2+ X( 1+: 1'- -H
- & ' !&2 & : +2 ;( - +0 &'/(' ! 7
- & ' !&2 & X( '(%+=
X : X(07( MFVVVN= (<<3%3)( .%3 @;31. 1.1 )+/,81 ! + +9+:
-,.72-17-7.6 &'/(' +/-1/ (%+: ?,81H ?,81 !8<- (4( 1+;( /+ (/+
8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
: /'(1)( MFVVGN= 1/+'284()+' +;-1 ++ + >%2&9&: 1'- -H '5-9
-,.12- .=
": (' - MSBBSN= 7 @ @;31.: / -1* 2H (1 -,.1<.2.'=
": (' - MSBBGN= !2-/+' )(*+,- +2 +/+ (23 - : / -1* 2H +2+7(;+
-,.12- .=
:
()- MSBBGN= P 3+* (2R!-%;+1@)(
(/30- ;(
(23 !-; -72- .Q: /237 -6 . 7-2- . ( +/+: = FG: /= SERUG=
$ $ $: &25+1 MSBBAN= 6 (? -6- @;31. M 1<(2(7(R (1'+ 2+
X( +1R (/ ( "(;+ +N -,.72-17-7.6 &'/(' +/-1/ (%+: !8<-(2+H !8<-(2+
1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72( 1/ + &/&=
: 2+ +0- MFVVSN= -,32@ @;31.: 1'- -H '5-9 -,.12- .=
: +*(2 MSBFSN= )+ 1(2+ -%7@ @;31. M 1<(2(7(RX( +1N: !&2 & ;(
+%7
-'-12.9. !& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2 X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
: &2 &1 MFVVWN= )+ 1(2+ !37@ ;( @;31.: !&2 &
(
+%7
-'-12.9.
!& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2
X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
!
:
07( MSBBSN=
07()
37@ @;31. ;( 1<(2(7(/+:
-,.72-17-7.6 8' 8 - (%+: / -1* 2H / -1* 2 1+;( /+ (/+ 8/,-2 +2+72(
1/ + &/&=
!
: 07( MSBFSN &1*&2R%3)( (0*@ @;31.: !&2 & ;(
+%7
-'-12.9.
!& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2
X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
: !-%.7 MSBBEN= 3*+ 3/3 @;31.: / -1* 2H !+ -*(;+ -,.12- .=
: 7( MFVVWN= 36+) @;31 M 1<(2(7(R (1'+ 2+ X( +1N: !&2 &
(
+%7
-'-12.9. !& &40-1(2(
;(
-,.72(1(2 X&)& 2&9&
('+ -4=' 2
+%7= 8;=
Uluslararası Sosyal Ara tırmalar Dergisi
The Journal of International Social Research
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 31
Volume: 7 Issue: 31
www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581