solarna struj
struja (7)
2WRĦQL
fotonaponski
sustavi
o89$1-(
752¦(1-(
, 352'$-$
6758-(
{QMHQRVWLĦLPHLPVHXEU]DQRVNUDġXMH
{LYRWQLYLMHN
Na slikama 1. i 2.YLGOMLYMHbidirekcijski SreWYaraËHQJOAHCHQDBSHNM@KHMUDQSDQHMUDQSDQBG@QFDQ) precizno opisan u
SURxORPQDVWDYNX2QPR{HHQHUJLMX
SURYRGLWLXREDVPMHUDRGJHQHUDWRUD
SUHPDEDWHULMDPDLRGEDWHULMDSUHPD
WURxLOLPD7DNRĮHUPR{HLL]UDYQRVSRMLWL
JHQHUDWRUVWURxLOLPD
%RMDPD MH SULND]DQ VPMHU JLEDQMD
HQHUJLMHGRNVHEDWHULMDSRQDxDNDR
spremnik koji OTMHLNHOQ@YMHLN3ULWRPMHJHQHUDWRUVDPRL]YRUHQHUJLMHD
SQNĻHK@ je samo SQNĻD
,SDNne zaboravimo da se energija
ne Wroŕi veÉ se samo SreWvara X drXgi
oblik. 7DNRVHHOHNWULĦQDHQHUJLMDXJODĦDOXQHWURxLYHġVHSUHWYDUDXWRSOLQVNX
energiju!
%RMDPD MH SULND]DQD UD]OLND GLMHOD
VXVWDYDVLVWRVPMHUQLPRGQRVQRL]PMHQLĦQLPQDSRQRPJGMHMHVYLMHWORSODYL
GLRVLVWRVPMHUQLPQDSRQRPDWDPQRSODYLRQDMVL]PMHQLĦQLPQDSRQRP
3RNXxDMPRVDGDX SrimjerX na slici
2. JHQHUDWRU]DPLMHQLWLSULNOMXĦNRPQD
MDYQXPUH{X
Takav sustav je prikazan na slici 3.
DVQMLPMHPRJXġHLYUDġDWLHQHUJLMXX
PUH{X
/DNRMH]DPLVOLWLVLWXDFLMXNDGVHSR
VXQĦDQRPGDQXEDWHULMHQDSXQHCNUQG@DWURxLODWUHQXWQRQHWUHEDMXHQHUJLMX=DxWRELVPR]DXVWDYOMDOLSURL]YRGQMX
HQHUJLMHXIRWRQDSRQVNRMHOHNWUDQLNDG
YLxDNHQHUJLMHPR{HPRYUDWLWLXPUH{X"
Takav HQHUJHWVNLËYRUNRMLPR{HUD]PMHQMLYDWLHQHUJLMXVPUH{RPQD]RYLPR
SHOMHUSRVWRMLLHQHUJHWVNLĦYRUNRML
ġHPRQD]YDWLSHO
.DG QDP MH FLOM GD YHġLQX HQHUJLMH
pospremimo Y@J@RMHIDNDGQDP]DLVWD
EXGHWUHEDORHQHUJHWVNLĦYRUWLSDMH
U
prošlom nastavku opisan je
QDĦLQGMHORYDQMDNSNďMNFENSNM@ONMRJNFRTRS@U@ koji osigurava
VWRSRVWRWQXSRX]GDQRVWRSVNUEHHOHNWULĦQRPHQHUJLMRP
7DNDYVXVWDY]DKWLMHYDXSULĦXYLGRGDWQLL]YRUHQHUJLMHQRSULWRPSULRULWHW
]DGU{DYDNRULxWHQMHVXQĦHYHHQHUJLMH
0HĮXWLPNDGMHXSLWDQMXL]YDQUHGQD
SRWURxQMD LOL GXJRWUDMQR REODĦQR YULMHPHTRJ@ďDGRGDWQLL]YRUQDMĦHxġH
JHQHUDWRU
Slika 1.SULND]XMHWDNDYVXVWDY.DG
VXEDWHULMHSUD]QHDNWLYLUDVHJHQHUDWRU
3RVWRMDQMH JHQHUDWRUD RPRJXġDYD L
SURSLVDQRRGU{DYDQMHEDWHULMDMHURORYQHEDWHULMHMDUNKDQLGXERNRSUD{QMHQMHQLGXJRWUDMQRVWDQMHGXERNHLVSUD-
64
Slika 1.
.SNĜMHENSNM@ONMRJHRTRS@U
RONLNĚMHLHYUNQNLDMDQFHID
5-6/14
solarna struja (7)
2KHJ@
2LIDQSNJ@DMDQFHIDT
NSNĜMNLENSNM@ONMRJNL
RTRS@UTRONLNĚMHL
HYUNQNLDMDQFHID
Slika 3.
$MDQFDSRJHĜUNQSHO@
QDMHILNDVQLMHUMHxHQMHDLVWRGREQRQDML]GU{OMLYLMHLQDMMHIWLQLMH
1RSULMHQHJROLREMDVQLPRHQHUJHWVNL
ĦYRUSHOSRND]DWġHPRGYDQDMĦHxġD
WLSDPUH{QLKIRWRQDSRQVNLKVXVWDYD7R
MHLMHGLQRORJLĦQRMHUPUH{QLMHIRWRQDSRQVNLVXVWDY]DSUDYRGLRenergetskog
Ëvora tiSa 2
7R VX VXVWDYL NRML VYX SURL]YHGHQX
HQHUJLMXSUHGDMXPUH{LQDNRMXVXSULNOMXĦHQL2QLQHPDMXVSUHPQLNHQHUJLMH
WMQHPDMXEDWHULMD
/ijevi sXstav na slici 4.SUHGDMHXPUH{XVYXSURL]YHGHQXHQHUJLMXDWURxLOD
SDNVYXSRWUHEQXHQHUJLMXX]LPDMXL]
PUH{HxWRMHWLSLĦQR]DVXVWDYHL]NRMLK
VHHQHUJLMDSURGDMHX]SRWLFDMQXRWNXSQXFLMHQXDWDNYLKYHġVDGDLPDLX
+UYDWVNRM
0DORMHYMHURMDWQRGDġHVHXEXGXġQRVWLWDNDYPRGHOVYLxRPRWNXSQRP
FLMHQRP]QDĦDMQLMHUD]YLMDWLMHUVYLPLX
FLMHQLRELĦQLKNLORYDWDPRUDPRVNXSOMH
SODġDWLSURL]YHGHQXHQHUJLMXQHNROLFLQH
sretnika koji su navrijeme ušli u ograniĦHQHNYRWH
U nekim zemljama Europe takav se
sustav poticaja s višom otkupnom
FLMHQRPHQHUJLMHXRGQRVXQDSURGDMQXFLMHQXHQHUJLMHL]PUH{HXJODYQRP
QDSXxWDLOLMHYHġQDSXxWHQ'LMHORPMH
ULMHĦRSROLWLĦNLPRGOXNDPDDGLMHORPL
SRVOMHGLFDPDNUL]HNDRXkSDQMROVNRM
=DWDMVXVWDYNDUDNWHULVWLĦQDVXGYDEURMLODMHGQR]DHQHUJLMXSUHGDQXPUH{LD
GUXJR]DSULPOMHQXHQHUJLMXL]PUH{H
'esni sXstav slici 4.MHPUH{QLIRWRQDSRQVNLVXVWDYNRMLXPUH{XSUHGDMH
VDPRYLxDNSURL]YHGHQHHQHUJLMH
Primarno se troši uglavnom fotonaSRQVNDHQHUJLMDDPUH{LVHSUHGDMHWHN
RQRxWRVHQHPR{HSRWURxLWL6XVWDY
LPDMHGQRGYRVPMHUQREURMLORNRMHXQH-
Slika 4.
,QDŤMH
ENSNM@ONMRJH
RTRS@UH
NRPQHNRPUD]GREOMXUHJLVWULUDAHK@MBT
UD]PLMHQMHQHHQHUJLMH1DNRQSULMHERMD
SODġDVHVDPRRQDHQHUJLMDNRMDMHX
NRQDĦQLFLONUTďDM@L]PUH{H7DNRMHWR
X(XURSL
, NRG QDV VH SRĦLQMX SULPMHQMLYDWL
VXVWDYL NDR QD VOLFL GHVQL QR ]D
HQHUJLMXNRMXSUHGDMHWHXPUH{XQHġHWH
GRELWLQLxWDQR]DWRġHYDPQDSODWLWL
VYHxWRVWHL]PUH{HSRYXNOL8RGQRVX
QDPRJXġQRVWLNRMHVXSRVWRMDOHLWRMH
YHġYHOLNLQDSUHGDN-HUSURMHNWLUDWHOLL
L]UDGLWHVYRMVXVWDYWDNRGDVYXSURL]YHGHQXHQHUJLMXLOLEDUHPQMH]LQQDMYHġL
GLRXVSLMHWHSRWURxLWLORNDOQRRQGDQHġHWHQLxWDSUHGDYDWLPUH{LSDSDQHġHWH
QLxWDQLL]JXELWLkWRWRSUDNWLĦQR]QDĦL"
$NRREMHNWWURxLQSUPDNVLPDOQR
5-6/14
65
solarna struja (7)
N:VQDJHRQGDLPDVPLVODSRVWDYLWL
IRWRQDSRQVNX HOHNWUDQX NRMD ġH QDSULPMHUSURL]YRGLWLPDNVLPDOQRN:
SD ġH VYD SURL]YHGHQD HQHUJLMD ELWL
ORNDOQRSRWURxHQD1DWDNYRPREMHNWX
QLMHORJLĦQRSRVWDYOMDWLIRWRQDSRQVNX
HOHNWUDQXRGN:MHUġHRQGDEDUHP
N:VQDJHSURL]YRGLWLHQHUJLMXNRMXQH
PR{HWHSRWURxLWLYHġMHPRUDWHSUHGDWL
PUH{L=DWXHQHUJLMXQHGRELYDWHQLxWD
SDN:VQDJHQDSURVWRSRNODQMDWH
EH]QDNQDGH
'DQDVMH]DWDNYHVXVWDYHPRJXġH
energiju sustavom koji je karakteristiĦDQ]Denergetski Ëvor tiSa 2
1RNDNRRQIXQNFLRQLUD"Na slici 7.
SULND]DQMHWLSLĦDQGLMDJUDPNXġQHSRWURxQMHHQHUJLMH]DMHGQRVPRJXġRP
SURL]YRGQMRPHQHUJLMHL]VXQĦDQHHOHNWUDQH
9LGOMLYR MH GD VH YUHPHQVNL SHULRGL
maksimalne potrošnje i maksimalne
SURL]YRGQMHQHSUHNODSDMX
0UH{QLIRWRQDSRQVNLVXVWDYVPUH{QLPL]PMHQMLYDĦHPVDYELYLxDNHQHUJLMHR]QDĦHQR{XWLPSUHGDRXPUH{X
8VWYDULWXELVHHQHUJLMXQHSRYROMQR
SURGDORLOLxWRMHYMHURMDWQLMHQDSURVWR
SRNORQLORGLVWULEXWHUX
$OLX energetskom ËvorX tiSa 2 to
QLMHVOXĦDM-HUSDPHWQLMHMHHQHUJLMX
VSUHPLWLLNRULVWLWLMHNDVQLMHNDGMH]DLVWDSRWUHEQDQDYHĦHULQRġXNDGMHQD
WU{LxWXVNXSDMHUQHPD6XQFDLNDGMH
EDxVYLWUHEDMX
.DNRVHWLPHONQ@UM@U@ITUQGNUHONSQNĻMIDXHOHNWURHQHUJHWVNRPVXVWDYX
UHJXODWRULWU{LxWDX(XURSLSULPMHQMXMX
SROLWLNXFLMHQDNRMRPMHHQHUJLMDQDYHĦHU
Slika 5.
2SQTJSTQ@
LQDŤMNF
HYLIDMIHU@Ĝ@
Slika 6.
$MDQFDSRJH
ĜUNQSHO@
GRELWLMHGQRNUDWQHLEHVSRYUDWQHSRWSRUHUD]QLKIRQGRYDSDPR{HPRRĦHNLYDWL
GDġHVHX+UYDWVNRMSURxLULWLLQMLKRYD
SULPMHQD
.DNRVPRYUORGHWDOMQDREMDxQMHQMD
UDGDX]OD]QRJLVWRVPMHUQRJSUHWYDUDĦD
LL]PMHQMLYDĦDREMDYLOLXSURxORPQDVWDYNXna slici 5. prikazujemo samo strukWXUXPUH{QRJL]PMHQMLYDĦD
Slika 7.
#HI@FQ@LDMDQFHIDONSQDAMDSQNŏHKHL@
HDMDQFHIDQ@RONKNŤHUDHYENSNM@ONMRJDDKDJSQ@MD
8SRVHEQRPQDVWDYNXRYHVHULMHRSLVDW
ÉHPRPUHĜQHIRWRQDSRQVNHVXVWDYHGHWDOMQLMHVSULPMHULPDL]SUDNVH
0UH{QLMHL]PMHQMLYDĦQDPLMHQMHQSUHWYDUDQMXVXQĦHYHHQHUJLMHXHOHNWULĦQX
!@SDQHIRJ@A@MJ@
Slika 8.
3NJDMDQFHIDTDMDQFDSRJNLĜUNQTSHO@
66
5-6/14
solarna struja (7)
LQRġXVNXSOMDĦLPHSRWLĦXORNDOQRVSUHPDQMHHQHUJLMH
7RĦHNDLQDVEH]VXPQMH
Dijagram na slici 8.GRGDWQRSRMDxQMDYD QDĦLQ GMHORYDQMD HQHUJHWVNRJ
ĦYRUDWLSDNRMLMHRGMXWUDGRYHĦHUL
VSRMHQQDMDYQXPUH{X7R]QDĦLGDNUR]
VXVWDYSRVWRMLL]UDYQDYH]DMDYQHPUH{H
LWURxLOD3RGDQXVHHQHUJLMD6XQFDNUR]
PUH{QLL]PMHQMLYDĦSULPDUQRSRKUDQMXMH
XEDWHULMH9LxDNHQHUJLMHNRMDQHWUHED
EDWHULMLXSURFHVXSXQMHQMDSURVOMHĮXMH
VHSULRULWHWQRWURxLOLPDDWHNDNRLQMLPD
WUHQXWDĦQRQHWUHEDSUHGDMHVHXPUH{X.DGDVXEDWHULMHQDSXQMHQHRQGD
VHHQHUJLMDSURVOMHĮXMHVDPRWURxLOLPDD
YLxDNVHSUHGDMHXMDYQXPUH{X
$NRWUHQXWDĦQRQHPDWURxLODDEDWHULMHVXSXQHVYDVHSURL]YHGHQDHQHUJLMD
SUHGDMHPUH{L8YHĦHUVHVXVWDYRGVSDMDVPUH{HLWURxLVHHQHUJLMDSULNXSOMHQD
XEDWHULMDPD
$XWRQRPQXPUH{X]DQDSDMDQMHWURxLODVWYDUDWDGDELGLUHNFLMVNLSUHWYDUDĦ
.DGDVHHQHUJLMDSULNXSOMHQDGDQMXWLMHNRPQRġLpotrošiVXVWDYVHSRQRYQRL
DXWRPDWVNLVSDMDQDMDYQXPUH{X$NR
MHREODĦQRLOLVXIRWRQDSRQVNLPRGXOL
SRNULYHQL VQLMHJRP WDGD VH QDYHĦHU
VXVWDYQHRGVSDMDVMDYQHPUH{HMHULRQDNRQHPDSULNXSOMHQHHQHUJLMH]DQRġQXSRWURxQMXáHNDVHWUHQXWDNNDGġH
EDWHULMDRSHWELWLSXQDNDNRELVHSRWRP
XYHĦHUVXVWDYPRJDRRGVSRMLWLVPUH{H
6XVWDYLPDLVYRMVWYRSUHPRxWHQMDQHRĦHNLYDQLKNUDWNRWUDMQLKLVSDGDPUH{H
QDNRMXMHVSRMHQ
8SHULRGXHRO@C@LQDōD sustav troši-
2KHJ@*TĚ@J@NOQNHYUNĠ@Ĝ
ROQDLMHJHSQNŏHKNDKDJSQHĜMDDMDQFHID
Slika 10.
/QHLIDQRTRS@U@
MDC@UMNHYUDCDMNF
T TRSQHIH
2BGQ@BJ
12$&LA'
2KHJ@#DS@KIHHYFQ@CMIDRTRS@U@
1@YCIDKMHJRTĜHMRJNLDKDJSQNMHJNL
A@SDQHIRJ@A@MJ@LQDŤMHHYLIDMIHU@ĜH
2BGQ@BJ
12$&LA'
5-6/14
OLPDSUHGDMHHQHUJLMXL]EDWHULMDSRG
XYMHWRPGDXQMLPDLPDGRYROMQRVSUHPOMHQHHQHUJLMH
1D RYDM QDĦLQ VYDND NXġD PR{H
postati HQHUJHWVNLDNWLYDQËYRUHOHNWURHQHUJHWVNRJ VXVWDYD D QH VDPR
SDVLYQRWURxLOR
0R{HPRVHVDPRQDGDWLGDġHSULQFLS
HQHUJHWVNRJĦYRUDEDUHPXVNRURM
EXGXġQRVWLSRVWDWLVWDQGDUGQLGLRNXġQRJSULNOMXĦNDNDRxWRVXGDQDVHOHNWULĦQDEURMLODXVYDNRPGRPX
67
solarna struja (7)
1DMMHGQRVWDYQLML RWRËQL IRWRQDSRQVNL VXVWDY
]D VYDNRJD
,DNRMHORJLĦQRRĦHNLYDWLNDNRQHWRP
RSLVDQLHQHUJHWVNLĦYRUWLSDLPDVLJXUQXEXGXġQRVWXQMHJRYXL]YHGEXġH
VHLSDNWHNULMHWNLXSXVWLWLEH]VWUXĦQH
SURMHNWDQWVNHLL]YHGEHQHSRPRġL=DWR
QDPMH{HOMDRSLVDWLMHGDQNUDMQMHMHGQRVWDYDQVXVWDYSULPMHUHQ]DL]JUDGQMXX
RYLPOMHWQLPPMHVHFLPD
Tvrtka 2"'1 "*3$"'-(* ga naziva
,HBQNRTRS@U
(Prisjetite se 2"'1 "*,HMHRTRS@U@
VPRGXODL2"'1 "*,HCHRTRS@U@ sa
PRGXODNRMHVPRRSLVDOLX,@IRSNQT
7-8/2013
Slika 12. prikazuje zaista M@IIDCMNRS@UMHIH LNFTčH NSNďMH RTRS@U 3ULmijenjen je MPPT regulator punjenja
koji VOLMHGLWRËNXPDNVLPDOQHVQDJH na
naponsko/strujnoj karakteristici fotonaSRQVNRJPRGXODSULQHNRPWUHQXWQRP
RVXQĦDQMX1DXOD]XJGMHVHSULNOMXĦXMH
IRWRQDSRQVNLPRGXO0337UHJXODWRU
LPDVLOD]QLLVWRVPMHUQLSUHWYDUDĦ7LPH
MHRVWYDUHQRGDVHXNXSQDUDVSROR{LYD
VQDJDSUHQRVLSUHPDEDWHULMDPD
6QL{DYDQMHPUD]LQHQDSRQDRGUD]LQH QDSRQD IRWRQDSRQVNRJ PRGXOD
GRUD]LQHQDSRQDEDWHULMHX0337UHJXODWRUXSXQMHQMDSRYHġDYDVHVWUXMD
SXQMHQMD EDWHULMH X RGQRVX QD VWUXMX
IRWRQDSRQVNRJPRGXOD7RMH]DWRxWR
snaga koja prolazi kroz MPPT-regulator
RVWDMHQHSURPLMHQMHQD
3ULVMHWLWġHWHVHGDVHNRGRELĦQRJ
PWM regulatora punjenja snaga prenosila u HLOTKRHL@OTMDRM@FDJGMHVH
WUDMDQMHLPSXOVDVQDJHSRGHxDYDOR
2UD]OLFLLJUDĮL0337UHJXODWRUDSXnjenja i PWM regulatora punjenja smo
pisali u ,@IRSNQT
Na slici 13.MHVDPR]RUQLSRGVMHWQLN
NROLNRMH0337UHJXODWRUHILNDVQLMLXRGQRVXQD3:0UHJXODWRUSXQMHQMD
1D0337UHJXODWRUWLSD0337
PRJXVHL]UDYQRVSRMLWLWURxLOD-HUWDM
XUHĮDMLPDVWDELOL]LUDQLL]OD]LVWRVPMHUQRJQDSRQD]DWURxLODGR$
,VSUD]QHOLVHEDWHULMHLVSRG]DxWLWQH
QDSRQVNHUD]LQHRYDMVWDELOL]LUDQLL]OD]
]DSULNOMXĦDNWURxLODDXWRPDWVNLġHRGVSRMLWLWURxLODLWLPH]DxWLWLEDWHULMXRG
SUHGXERNRJSUD{QMHQMD
,]OD]]DWURxLODMHHOHNWURQLĦNL]DxWLġHQ
RGNUDWNRJVSRMD5HJXODWRUPR{HDXWRPDWVNLSUHSR]QDWLNRMDEDWHULMDMHQD
QMHJDSULNOMXĦHQDLOL9LWDNRSR-
68
2KHJ@
-@IIDCMNRS@UMHIHENSNM@ONMRJHNSNĜMHRTRS@Umicro sustav.
Slika 13.
4RONQDCA@DEHJ@RMNRSH
/6,H,//3QDFTK@SNQ@
OTMIDMI@A@SDQHID
GHVLWLVWDELOL]LUDQLQDSRQL]OD]D]DWURxLOD82"'1 "*3$"'-(*,HBQNRTRS@U
TFQ@ĒTIDRDEDWHULMDRG9SDMHLL]OD]
VWDELOL]LUDQQDWDMQDSRQ0DNVLPDOQL
QDSRQ XOD]D MH 9 xWR ]QDĦL GD VH
VPLMHSULNOMXĦLWLVDPRMHGDQIRWRQDSRQVNLPRGXOSUQSJD2"'1 "*3$"'-(*
RM@FD6O
5HJXODWRULPDXJUDĮHQWRSLYLRVLJXUDĦ SUHPD EDWHULML D WR MH XRELĦDMHQL
DXWRPRELOVNL RVLJXUDĦ RG $ ODNR
GRVWXSDQLVYDQMVNHVWUDQHXUHĮDMD
0DNVLPDOQD VWUXMD SXQMHQMD EDWHULMH
NRMXXUHĮDMPR{HGDWLMH$
3UHPDSUDYLOXELVWUXMDSXQMHQMDRORYQLK VRODUQLK EDWHULMD WUHEDOD ELWL RNR
SRĦHPXELRYRPUHJXODWRUXLGHDOQRRGJRYDUDODEDWHULMDRG$K1R
za ,HBQNRTRS@U 2"'1 "*3$"'-(*
SUHSRUXĦXMHEDWHULMX$K9NRMX
VPRGHWDOMQRRSLVDOLGHWDOMQRX,@IRSNQT
11-12/2013
7DEDWHULMDRPRJXġXMHNDVQLMHSURxLUHQMHVXVWDYDVMRxMHGQLPUHJXODWRURP
SXQMHQMDLMRxMHGQLPPRGXORPNDNRMH
prikazano na slici 15!
7LPH VH GRELYD GRGDWQLK $ QD
LVWRVPMHUQRM QDSRQVNRM UD]LQL RG 9]DVSDMDQMHWURxLOD6XVWDYVHPR{H
RSUHPLWLLQDG]RUQLNRPEDWHULMDRNRMHP
VPRWNRĮHUGHWDOMQRSLVDOLXLVWRPEURMX
,@IRSNQ@
'&VNORSNDVOX{L]DUD]GYDMDQMHEDWHULMDRGRVWDWNDVXVWDYDLSR{HOMQRMXMH
XJUDGLWLLXQDMPDQMLVXVWDYSULND]DQQD
VOLFL6L]JUDGQMRPVXVWDYDPR{HWH
]DSRĦHWLRGNRQILJXUDFLMHSULND]DQHQD
QDWRMVOLFLDSRWRPJDSURxLULWLGRRSVHJDYLGOMLYRJQDVOLFLSUHPDSRWUHEL
LUDVSROR{LYLPVUHGVWYLPD
.DNRVXXVXVWDYXGYD0337UHJXODWRUDSXQMHQMDRQGDLIRWRQDSRQVNHPRGXOHPR{HWHSRVWDYLWLQDUD]OLĦLWDPMHVWDLSRGUD]OLĦLWLPQDJLELPD3XQMDĦL
5-6/14
solarna struja (7)
Upravo je to razlog zašto u ,HBQN
RTRS@UTSUHSRUXĦXMHPREDWHULMXRG
9$K3ULNOMXĦLOLVHEDWHULMXPDQMHJ
NDSDFLWHWDRQGDLGR]YROMHQDVQDJDL]PMHQMLYDĦD]DWUDMQLUDGPRUDELWLPDQMD
9D{QRMHSLWDQMHNROLNR,HBQN sustav
PR{HSULNXSLWLHQHUJLMHLNROLNRMHPR{H
SUHGDWL]DWURxHQMH"
Prema slici 12VMHGQLPIRWRQDSRQVNLPPRGXORPRG:LMHGQLP0337
UHJXODWRURP,HBQN RTRS@UġHOMHWLX]
RSWLPDODQQDJLELRULMHQWDFLMXPRGXOD
SUHPDMXJXVHNYLYDOHQWRPRGVDWD
RVXQĦDQMDGQHYQRSULNXSLWL
:[K :KHQHUJLMH
.DNRXRYRPUDĦXQX]DQHPDUXMHPR
JXELWNHPR{HPRVDPRSUHWSRVWDYLGD
ġH X LGHDOQLP XYMHWLPD QDxD EDWHULMD
SULNXSLWLVYXGRVWXSQXHQHUJLMX=ERJ
JXELWDND WR QLMH WRĦQR L QH PR{HPR
XQDSULMHGUDĦXQDWLVWROLNRUDVSROR{LYH
HQHUJLMH
ġHVDPLAQHMTSHGDVYDNLL]VYRJPRGXOD
L]YXĦHPDNVLPDOQXNROLĦLQXHQHUJLMH
,HBQNRTRS@UVDVOLNHRGQRVQRVOLNHQDPLMHQMHQMHSULPDUQRWURxLOLPD
VLVWRVPMHUQLP'&QDSRQRPRG9
0HĮXWLP NDNR YHġLQD NXġQLK WURxLOD
]DKWLMHYDL]PMHQLĦQLQDSRQ9+]
LHBQNRTRS@UPR{HWHGRSXQLWLL]PMHQMLYDĦHPNRMLġHL]LVWRVPMHUQRJQDSRQD
EDWHULMHVWYRULWLL]PMHQLĦQXPUH{XNDNR
VPRRSLVDOLXSUHWKRGQDGYDQDVWDYND
QDxHVHULMH
3ULWRPMHPRJXġHXSUDYOMDWLUDGRPL]PMHQMLYDĦDWDNRGDL]PMHQMLYDĦSUHVWDMH
VUDGRPNDGVHQDSRQXEDWHULMLROTRSH
LVSRGRGUHĮHQHUD]LQH
0337UHJXODWRUSXQMHQMDPR{HWDNR
SUHNR L]OD]D ]D '&WURxLOD XSUDYOMDWL
XSUDYOMDĦNLPXOD]RPXL]PMHQMLYDĦXL
RGUHĮLYDWLEORNDGXL]PMHQMLYDĦD1HVWDne li napon na izlazu za trošila na MPPT
UHJXODWRUX]ERJLVSUD{QMHQHEDWHULMH
RQGDġHVHSUHNRXSUDYOMDĦNRJXOD]DL]PMHQMLYDĦDEORNLUDWLLL]OD]L]PMHQMLYDĦD
7DGDġHLL]PMHQLĦQDWURxLODSUHVWDWL
X]LPDWLHQHUJLMXDEDWHULMXġHVH]DxWLWLWL
RGGXERNRJSUD{QMHQMD
2KHJ@3NOHUHNRHFTQ@ĜOQDL@A@SDQHIH
Na slici 16. i na slici 17. prikazano je kako se ostvaruje povezivanje
XSUDYOMDĦNRJ XOD]D ]D EORNDGX UDGD
L]PMHQMLYDĦDLL]OD]D]DWURxLODQD0337
UHJXODWRUX
U ,@IRSNQT opisali smo kako
VH RGUHĮXMH PDNVLPDOQR GR]YROMHQD
VQDJDL]PMHQMLYDĦDNRMLVPLMHPRSULNOMXĦLWLQDEDWHULMXDGDSULWRPQHXJUR]LPR
{LYRWQLYLMHNEDWHULMH
.ROLNRGXJRġHVHQDxDWURxLODQDSDMDWL
HQHUJLMRPL]EDWHULMH]DYLVLRVQD]LWURxLOD7URxHOLQDSULPMHU:NRQWLQXLUDQRWURxLODELPRJODGRELWLQDSDMDQMHX
WUDMDQMX
:K: K
7URxLPROLSDN:RQGDġHWDMVXVWDYGDWLQDSDMDQMH
:K: K
7URxLPROLYLxHQHJROLVPRSULNXSLOL
MDVQRMHGDġHVXVWDYSULMHLOLNDVQLMH
VWDWL3UD]QLOLVHEDWHULMD9$K
NRMD X VHEL LPD SRKUDQMHQR :K
XPMHUHQLPWHPSRPRG:KQDGDQ
QHġHVHLVSUD]QLWLLVSRGSRORYLFHNDSDFLWHWDxWRMRMRVLJXUDYDGXJRYMHĦQRVW
Prema konIigXraciji na slici 15LHBQN
VXVWDYVGYDPRGXODLGYD0337UHJXODWRUDGQHYQRPR{HSULNXSLWL
:[K :K
,]EDWHULMH$K9XNRMRMMHSRKUDQMHQR:KQHVPLMHVHX]LPDWL
YLxHRGQMH]LQRJNDSDFLWHWDGDNOH
PDNVLPDOQR:K
6RYLPVXVWDYRPVPRVLJXUQLGDLPDPRGREURSXQMHQMHEDWHULMH8MHGQRP
GDQXPR{HPRSURL]YHVWL:KNRMH
QDPMHUDYDPRSRWURxLWLDOLLGRGDWQLK
:K ]D VLJXUQR QDGRSXQMDYDQMH
EDWHULMH7URxHQMHPPDQMHRG:K
QDGDQSURGX{XMHPR{LYRWEDWHULMD=DYLVQRVW{LYRWQRJYLMHNDEDWHULMHRGXELQL
SUD{QMHQMDWDNRĮHUVPRRSxLUQRSLVDOLX
,@IRSNQT
0R{HPR]DNOMXĦLWLGDMH,HBQN sustav
Slika 15.
/QNŏHQDMID
,HBQNRTRS@U@
6QDJDL]PMHQMLYDĦD:HQHUJLMDSRKUDQMHQDXQDSXQMHQRMEDWHULML:KK
8NRQNUHWQRPVOXĦDMXXEDWHULML9
$KSRKUDQMHQRMH
$K[ :K
VWRJD PDNVLPDOQD GR]YROMHQD VQDJD L]PMHQMLYDĦD PRUD ELWL PDQMD RG
:KK :
'DNOHQDEDWHULMX$K9PR{HPRSULNOMXĦLWLL]PMHQMLYDĦLWURxLODNRMDġH
trajno ONUK@ďHSHGR:
8L]QLPQLPVOXĦDMHYLPDLYUORNUDWNRWUDMQRPR{HVHSULNOMXĦLWLL]PMHQMLYDĦRG
:SDĦDNL:QRVYDNDWUDMQLMDXSRWUHEDL]PMHQMLYDĦDVDVQDJRP
YHġRPRG:XEU]DQRġHNRS@QIDSH
A@SDQHIT
5-6/14
69
solarna struja (7)
V MHGQLP PRGXORP RSWLPDODQ ]D SRWURxQMX RG : GR QDMYLxH :K
QDGDQGRNMHSURxLUHQL,HBQN RTRS@U s
GYDPRGXODRSWLPDODQ]DSRWURxQMXGR
PDNVLPDOQR:KQDGDQ
8]LPVNLPPMHVHFLPDWDVHGR]YROMHQDSRWURxQMDVPDQMXMHQDSRORYLFX
8 RED VXVWDYD VPLMHPR SULNOMXĦLWL
L]PMHQMLYDĦVQDJHGR:$NRMHL]PMHQMLYDĦLOL:RQGDSRWURxQMD
L]QDG:PRUDELWLNUDWNRWUDMQDQDMYLxHPLQXWDQDGDQ
,SDNL]PMHQMLYDĦLPRJXNUDWNRWUDMQR
GDWLVQDJXLGYDSXWYHġXRGQD]LYQHxWR
MHSRJRGQR]DSRNUHWDQMHUD]QLKXUHĮDMDDOLWRSUHRSWHUHġHQMHQHX]LPDPRX
RE]LUNDGRSġHQLWRJRYRULPRRWUDMQRVWL
EDWHULMH
%DWHULMDXEU]DQRVWDULVDPRX]GXJRWUDMDQUDGVWURxLOLPDL]QDG:
3ULNOMXĦXMHPROLQDEDWHULMXLLVWRVPMHU-
QD '& L L]PMHQLĦQD $& WURxLOD QH
VPLMHVH]DERUDYLWLGDVHHQHUJLMDQD'&
L$&WURxLOLPD]EUDMDDVXPDQHVPLMH
SULMHġL:KX,HBQN RTRS@UTVMHGQLPPRGXORPRGQRVQR:KNRG
,HBQN RTRS@U@VGYDPRGXOD
1DMYD{QLMXVWYDUQLNDGQHVPLMHPR]DERUDYLWLPR{HPRWURxLWLVDPRRQRxWR
VPRSULNXSLOLEH]RE]LUDMHOLULMHĦR$&
LOL'&QDSRQXáLPSRWURxLPRYLxHQHJROLVPLMHPRVXVWDYSUHVWDMHVUDGRP
1DNRQWRJDYDOMDQDPSULĦHNDWLGDJD
6XQFHL]QRYDQDSXQL
Primjenjujemo li AHCHQDJBHIRJHOQDSU@Q@ď
0XOWLSOXVPR{HPRREOLNRYDWLsXstav
prema slici 1 VD SRX]GDQRP
RSVNUERPHQHUJLMRPMHUPR{HXSUDYOMDWLLPDOLPSRPRġQLPJHQHUDWRURP
0RJXġHMHL]YHVWLLHQHUJHWVNLËvor tipa
1 prikazan na slici 3QRQHLVSODWLVH
XSXxWDWLXSDSLUQDWLGLRSURMHNWDRNR
2KHJ@/QNŏHQDMID,HBQNRTRS@U@RHYLIDMIHU@ĜDLY@CNAHU@MID
@TSNMNLMDLQDŤD5'YHYLIDMIHU@ĜH/GNDMHW
VSDMDQMDQDMDYQXPUH{XMHUFLMHQRP
SULNXSOMHQHHQHUJLMHRG:KGDQ
NQGDQQHġHPRRVWYDULWLQLNDNYXLVSODWLYXXxWHGX
,SDNWDPRJGMHMDYQHPUH{HQHPD
,HBQNRTRS@URSUHPOMHQPDOLPSRPRġQLPJHQHUDWRURPprema slici 18SRX]GDQRġHVOX{LWLVYUVL
1DNUDMXNRMDOLQDPRSUHPDWUHEDGD
ELVPRUHDOL]LUDOLVXVWDYVDVOLNH"
(YRNRMD
R IRWRQDSRQVND PRGXOD :S
HYHQWXDOQRSULERU]DPRQWD{XPRGXOD
QDNURY
R 0337UHJXODWRUDSXQMHQMD0337
R VRODUQDEDWHULMD$K9&
R QDG]RUQLNEDWHULMHVNORSND$
9'&NRPSOHWVSRMQLKNDEHOD
'RGDWQR{HOLPROLQDSDMDWLLL]PMHQLĦQDWURxLODWDGDWUHEDPRLL]PMHQMLYDĦ
2KHJ@/QNŏHQDMID,HBQNRTRS@U@RHYLIDMIHU@ĜDL
Y@CNAHU@MID@TSNMNLMDLQDŤD5'Y
Y@LNCDKD/GNDMHW/GNDMHW"H,TKSH/KTR"
NAUDY@MIDUDYMHJ@ADKNYM@ĜDMRtgJNIHHMUDQSHQ@TOQ@UKI@ĜJH
RHFM@KAKNJ@CDHYLIDMIHU@Ĝ@
/GNDMHW9:
nHOLPROLQDSDMDWLLL]PMHQLĦQDWURxLODL
SULNOMXĦLWLSRPRġQLL]YRUJHQHUDWRUWDGD
QX{QRWUHEDPRELGLUHNFLMVNLSUHWYDUDĦ
,TKSHOKTR9:
7R ]DLVWD QH L]JOHGD NRPSOLFLUDQR
9MHUXMHPRGDġHWHVHRYRJOMHWDRNXxDWL
XVDPRJUDGQML3XQRXVSMHKD{HOL9DP
VWUXĦQLWLPWYUWNH2"1 "*3$"'-(* i
ĦDVRSLV,@IRSNQ
_________________________________
Slika 18.
,NFTĚMNRS
M@CNFQ@CMID
LHBQNRTRS@U@
70
=D VOMHGHġL QDVWDYDN SULSUHPDPR
RSLV QRYRJ QDG]RUQRJ SDQHOD RSLV
QRYRJPRGHODSXQMDĦDEDWHULMDQRYRJ
NRPSDNWQRJVXVWDYDJGMHVXLSXQMDĦL
L]PMHQMLYDĦVPMHxWHQLX]DMHGQLĦNRNXġLxWH]DMRxMHGQRVWDYQLMXPRQWD{X
5-6/14