Flora and Fauna Flora i fauna ������ ��� ����� �� ���� OSJEČENICA ����� ������� The configuration of ����������� ������� ����� ������� the terrain and geomor������� ������� phological structure of the ���������� ��������� ����� Nacionalni park Una soil in the National Park "Una", ������ ��������� ��������� ����� and the different elevation and Telefon:+387 37 221 528 ������� � the variety of flora are the condie-mail: [email protected] � ������� tions for the rich micro world that Bosanska 1, 77000 Bihać �������� along with other forms of life contributes Bosna i Hercegovina to the richness of biodiversity of the NP. ���� In this area there are many rare and endemic ��� ������ � species of plants: Gentian (Gentiana lutea), spot������ ������ ted gentian (Gentiana punctata), edelweiss (Le� ������ ontopodium alpinum Cass.) juniperus (Pinus mugo). ������ ������ Una's bellflower (Campanilla unensis) is also an endemic species which is named after the river Una as well as Bos��� � ����� nian iris (Iris reichenbachii Heuffel var. Bosniaca) that grows ���� ������ in dry meadows and pastures on carbonate and serpentine �������� ����������� rocks with shallow soil. Bosnian iris is an endemic from central ��������� �������� ������ ����� and southeast Dinarides. Ecological conditions have enabled the development of a large number of diverse plant communities of ������ ������� �������� ���� exceptional value with over 1.900 plant species, which is 52,19% of ���� ����� all species present in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The area has recorded � � 177 official and 105 potentially medicinal, edible, of vitamin and aro�� ������ � � ���� matic plant species. ������� ���� �� The space of the National Park is built of limestone cliffs inhabited by �������� �� ���������� � ���� characteristic vegetation adapted to specific conditions of such charac�� �� teristic habitats, like the cracking plants. Below the large rocky hills, under ��������������� � the influence of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, the parts of the rocks �� ������������� �������� break off, roll down the slope, creating sporadic screes (sandbanks). ����� ���������� ����� ������� UNA TROSLAP - BIHAĆ �� LASTIN REP PAPILIO MACHAON www.nationalpark-una.ba � � � � � �� Konfiguracija terena i geomorfološka struktura tla u Nacionalnom parku "Una", te različita nadmorska visina i raznolikost flore su uvjeti za bogati miko svijet koji sa drugim oblicima života doprinosi bogatstvu biodiverziteta Nacionalnog Parka. �������������� ���������� � Na ovom području se nalaze brojne rijetke i endemične vrste biljaka: lincura (Gentiana lutea), pjegava lincura (Gentiana punctata), runolist (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.), klekovina bora (Pinus mugo). Endem je unska zvončika (Campanilla unensis) koja je ime dobila upravo po rijeci Uni kao i bosanska perunika (Iris reichenbachii Heuffel var. Bosniaca) koja raste na suhim livadama i pašnjacima na karbonatnim i serpentinskim stijenama sa plitkim zemljištem. Bosanska perunika je endem centralnih i jugoistočnih Dinarida. Ekološki uvjeti su omogućili i razvoj velikog broja raznovrsnih biljnih zajednica izuzetne vrijednosti sa preko 1.900 biljnih vrsta, što iznosi 52,19 % svih vrsta prisutnih u Bosni i Hercegovini. U prostoru je evidentirano 177 oficijenlih i 105 potencijalno ljekovitih, jestivih, vitaminskih i aromatičnih biljnih vrsta. ���� �� �� Prostor Nacionalnog Parka grade vapnenačke stijene koje naseljava karakteristična vegetacija prilagođena posebnim uvjetima takvih karakterističnih staništa kao što su hazmofitske biljke (pukotinjarke). Ispod većih stjenovitih brda, pod utjecajem hidrosfere i atmosfere odlomljuju se dijelovi stijena, kotrljaju niz padinu, RUNOLIST LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM CASS. ��� ���� ���� ������� ������ �������� ������ ����� F LO R A & FAUNA Sisavci / Mammals Među 60-ak prisutnih vrsta sisavaca koji nastanjuju područje Nacionalnog parka 9 pripada kukcojedima, 16 šišmišima, 13 zvijerima, 3 redu parnoprstaši, 17 glodavcima i 1 redu dvojezupci. Unutar skupine glodavci četiri su vrste koje također obitavaju na ovom području, a to su: alpski voluharić, vrtni puh, nutrija i patuljasti miš. Među sisavcima Nacionalnog parka nalaze se dvije endemične svojte: runati voluhar – oromediteranski endem i alpski voluharić – istočnoalpski endem. Od zaštićenih sisavaca uz mnoge ugrožene i osjetljive vrste šišmiša valja naglasiti tri velike zvijeri, tri najveća europska predatora – vuka, risa i medvjeda kao i veliki broj iz skupine zvijeri – vidra, jazavac, lasica i zerdav. Ptice / Birds Gmazovi / Reptils Na temelju podataka promatranja i proučavanja ptica na širem području Nacionalnog parka zabilježeno je više od 120 vrsta ptica. Ornitofauna promatranog područja je zanimljiva zbog prisustva pojedinih rijetkih i ugroženih vrsta, te zbog velikog broja pjevica. Vrlo interesantna vrsta je veliki tetrijeb (Tetrao urogallus) koji je prilično ugrožen zbog prekomjernog lova i smanjenja neophodnih šumskih staništa, a obitava u prijelaznim-zaštitnim zonama Nacionalnog parka. Ovdje obitava i lještarka (Tetrastes bonasia) koja je prilično rijetka i skrovita vrsta. Valja istaknuti i kosca (Crex crex), jednu vrlo rijetku i ugroženu pticu karakterističnu za vlažne travnjake i livade. Moramo spomenuti i bogatstvo ptica dupljašica, u prvom redu djetlića (Piciformes), sova (Strigiformes), sjenica (Paridae), te poludupljašica iz skupine muharica (Muscicapidae). VUK - WOLF MEDVJED - BROWN BEAR POSKOK - VIPERA AMMODYTES Based on the data of observation and study of birds in the wider area of the National Park, it was recorded more than 120 species of birds. Ornithofauna of the observed area is interesting because of the presence of certain rare and endangered species, and because of the large number of songbirds. A very interesting species is the black grouse (Tetrao urogallus), which is quite endangered because of excessive hunting and the reduction of necessary forest habitats, and it resides in transient-protection zones of national parks. Hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) also resides here, which is quite rare and hidden species, and it inhabits forest habitats. We should also point out the corncrake (Crex crex), a very rare and endangered bird typical of wet grasslands and meadows. We also have to mention the wealth of hole-nesting birds, primarily woodpeckers (Piciformes), owls (Strigiformes), tit (Paridae), and the half hole-nesting birds from the group of flycatchers (Muscicapidae). RIJEČNA KORNJAČA RIVER TURTLE Among the 60 present species of mammals that inhabit the area of the National Park, 9 belongs to insectivores,16 to bats, 13 to carnivores, 3 to a row of ungulates, 17 to rodents and 1 to a row of lagomorphs . Within the group of rodents there are 4 species that also live in this area, such as: alpine vole (Microtus multiplex), the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), nutria (Myocastor coypus) and the dwarf mouse (Micromys minutus). Among the mammals of the National Park there are two endemic species: runat vole (Chionomys nivalis) – Euro - Mediterranean endemic and alpine vole (Microtus multiplex) - eastern Alps endemic. Out of protected mammals along with many endangered and sensitive species of bats, three big beasts, the three largest European predators - a wolf, lynx and a bear, should be pointed out as well. There is a large number of - otters, badgers, weasels and ermine, out of a group of beasts. BJELOUŠKA - NATRIX NATRIX TETRIJEB - TETRAO UROGALLUS www.nationalpark-una.ba SOKO - FALCON Na širem području Nacionalnog parka prisutno je 12 vrsta gmazova iz dvaju redova: kornjače (Chelonia) i ljuskaši (Squamata). Na ovom području su prisutne i slijedeće vrste: Lacerta horvathi (velebitska gušterica) i Vipera macrops (gorski žutokrug). Gmazovi Nacionalnog parka uglavnom su uobičajene kontinentalne vrste među kojima su prisutne neke uže rasprostranjene svojte poput:istočne livadne gušterice (Lacerta agilis bosnica) – endem balkanskog poluotoka i bosanske riđovke (Vipera berus bosniensis) - endem balkanskog poluotoka. Još tri svojte se smatraju endemskim na području parka: velebitska gušterica (Arheolacerta horvathi) – istočnoalpski endem, gorski žutokrug (Vipera (ursini) macrops) – endem balkanskog poluotoka i mrki ljuskavi gušter (Algyroides nigropunctatus) koji je endem Dinarskog krša. In the wider area of the National Park there are 12 species of reptiles from two rows: turtles (Chelonia) and the scaly ones (Squamata). In this area the following species are present too: Lacerta Horvath (Velebit lizard) and Viper macrops (mountainous Karst Meadow Viper). Reptiles of the National Park are mostly common continental species, among which are present some immediate widespread species like: the eastern meadow lizard (Lacerta agilis bosnica) - endemic to the Balkan Peninsula and the Bosnian common adder (Vipera berus bosniensis) - endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. Three more species are considered endemic to the park: Velebit lizard (Arheolacerta horvathi) - endemic species from eastern Alps, mountainous Karst Meadow Viper (Vipera (Ursini) macrops) - endemic to the Balkan Peninsula and brown scaly lizard (Algyroides nigropunctatus) which is endemic to the Dinaric karst. LJEŠTARKA - TETRASTES BONASIA Flora i fauna/Flora and fauna
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