≤±≥ ˇ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˙Èχ¯˘È ‰˜ÈÁ˙ ÌȘÂÁ ±ππ¥≠„¢˘˙ ±ππ¥ „¢˘˙ ¨È˙ÎÏÓÓ ˙‡ȯ· ÁÂËÈ· ˜ÂÁ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ¨˛·ÏÂ˘Ó ÁÒ¸ ÈÓ‡ω ÁÂËÈ·‰ ˜ÂÁ ≤∞∞∑≠Ê¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞∑ Ê¢Ò˘˙ ¨ÌȘ˜Ê ‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ˙·ˉ ˜ÂÁ ≤∞∞∑≠Ê¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞∑ Ê¢Ò˘˙ ¨‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ˙·ˉ ˜ÂÁ ˙˘Ï ·Èˆ˜˙‰ È„ÚÈ ˙‚˘‰Ï ‰˜È˜Á ȘÈ˙© ‰È„Ó‰ ˜˘Ó· Ìȯ„Ò‰‰ ˜ÂÁ ¨®˙ÂÈ˯٠˜ÂÁ ˙ÂÚˆ‰· ‰¯Â˜Ó˘ ‰˜È˜Á Ï˘ ‰ÈÏ˙‰Â ÏÂËÈ· ¨Ô˜È˙© ®≤∞∞± ®≤∞∞± ≤∞∞±≠‡¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞± ‡¢Ò˘˙ ˙˘Ï ·Èˆ˜˙‰ È„ÚÈ ˙‚˘‰Ï ‰˜È˜Á ȘÈ˙© ‰È„Ó‰ ˜˘Ó· Ìȯ„Ò‰‰ ˜ÂÁ ®˙ÂÈ˯٠˜ÂÁ ˙ÂÚˆ‰· ‰¯Â˜Ó˘ ‰˜È˜Á Ï˘ ‰ÈÏ˙‰Â ÏÂËÈ· ¨Ô˜È˙© ®®≤∞∞± ≤∞∞± ≤∞∞∑≠Ê¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞∑ Ê¢Ò˘˙ ¨® ¨®∂ ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ±πµ∏≠Á¢È˘˙ ±πµ∏ Á¢È˘˙ ¨˙¢ÈÈ˙‰‰ ˜ÂÁ ±π∂∏≠Ë¢Î˘˙ ±π∂∏ Ë¢Î˘˙ ¨‰¯È˜Á ˙„Ú ˜ÂÁ ±πµ∏≠Á¢È˘˙ ±πµ∏ Á¢È˘˙ ¨‰È„Ó‰ ¯˜·Ó ˜ÂÁ ±π∂≥≠‚¢Î˘˙ ±π∂≥ ‚¢Î˘˙ ¨ÔÈÚ˜¯˜Ó Á·˘ ÒÓ ˜ÂÁ ±πµ¥≠„¢È˘˙ ±πµ¥ „¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡· ‰ÓÁÏÓ‰ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ¨®˙ÂÎÏ ‰˘˜· ˙˘‚‰Ï ÌÈ„ÚÂÓ ˙Ï·‚‰ ÏÂËÈ·© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±ππ∏≠Á¢˘˙ ±ππ∏ Á¢˘˙ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˇ ≤±¥ ±πµπ≠Ë¢È˘˙ ±πµπ Ë¢È˘˙ ¨®„ÚÂÓ ˙ί‡‰© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±π∂π≠Ë¢Î˘˙ ±π∂π Ë¢Î˘˙ ¨®≤ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±π∑∂≠Ê¢Ï˘˙ ±π∑∂ Ê¢Ï˘˙ ¨®¥ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±π∑∏≠Á¢Ï˘˙ ±π∑∏ Á¢Ï˘˙ ¨®µ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±π∏∞≠‡¢Ó˘˙ ±π∏∞ ‡¢Ó˘˙ ¨®∑ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±π∏≥≠‚¢Ó˘˙ ±π∏≥ ‚¢Ó˘˙ ¨®∏ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ¨®π ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ±ππ∑≠Ê¢˘˙ ±ππ∑ Ê¢˘˙ ¨®±∞ ¨®±∞ ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ≤∞∞±≠‡¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞± ‡¢Ò˘˙ ¨® ¨®±± ±± ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÚÂÈÒÏ ÌȘ˜Ê ÌÈ˘È˘˜Ï ‰ÒΉ ˙ÁË·‰ ˙‡ÏÓ‚ ˙Ï„‚‰Ï ˙ÈÎ˙‰ ˜ÂÁ ≤∞∞∏≠Á¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞∏ Á¢Ò˘˙ ¨®‰˜È˜Á ȘÈ˙© ‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ Æ±πµ∂ ±πµ∂≠Ê¢Ë˘˙ Ê¢Ë˘˙ ¨±πµ∂ص∑ ¨±πµ∂ص∑ ˙˘Ï ·Èˆ˜˙‰ ˜ÂÁ ÌȈ ˙˜˙ Ï˘ ıÂÁ Ú·ËÓ· Ô„˜ÈÙ ÏÚ ˙È·È¯Ó ‰ÒΉ ÏÚ ÒÓÓ ¯ÂËÙ© ‰ÒΉ ÒÓ Âˆ ±π∂≥≠‚¢Î˘˙ ±π∂≥ ‚¢Î˘˙ ¨®Ï‡¯˘È È·˘Â˙ ±πµ¥≠Â¢Ë˘˙ ±πµ¥ Â¢Ë˘˙ ¨®˙ȇÂÙ¯ ‰„Ú© ÌȈ‡· ‰ÓÁÏÓ‰ ÈÎ ˙˜˙ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨®‰ÂÈÏÚ ˙ȇÂÙ¯ ‰„Ú© ÌȈ‡· ‰ÓÁÏÓ‰ ÈÎ ˙˜˙ ±πµπ≠Ë¢È˘˙ ±πµπ Ë¢È˘˙ ¨®È‡ÂÙ¯ ÏÂÙÈË© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˙˜˙ ±π∏≥≠„¢Ó˘˙ ±π∏≥ „¢Ó˘˙ ¨®˙ÂÎ ˙‚¯„ ˙ÚÈ·˜© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˙˜˙ ±ππ∂≠¢˘˙ ±ππ∂ ¢˘˙ ¨®Ú·Â˜‰ ¯Î˘‰ ¯ÂÚÈ˘ ˙‡ÏÚ‰© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈЈ ±πµ∏≠Ë¢È˘˙ ±πµ∏ Ë¢È˘˙ ¨®È‡ÂÙ¯ ÏÂÙÈË© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˙˜˙ ≤±µ ˇ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˙ÂÓ‡ ÔÂÁË· ÏÚ ‰ÈÓ¯‚ Ï˘ ˙Èχ¯È„ÈÙ‰ ‰˜ÈÏ·ÂÙ¯‰ ÔÈ·Ï Ï‡¯˘È ÔÈ· ‰Ó‡‰ ®≥∂π ≥∂π ßÓÚ ¨∏≤± ¨∏≤± ‡¢Î© ÈχȈÂÒ Íȯ‡˙Ó ‰ÈÓ¯‚ Ï˘ ˙Èχ¯È„ÈÙ‰ ‰˜ÈÏ·ÂÙ¯‰ Ôȷ χ¯˘È–˙È„Ó ÔÈ· ÌÎÒ‰ ®∑µ ∑µ ßÓÚ ¨∂π ¨∂π ‡¢Î© ®ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ ÌÎÒ‰© ±∞ÆπƵ≤ Ï˘ ˙Èχ¯È„ÈÙ‰ ‰˜ÈÏ·ÂÙ¯‰ ˙Ï˘ÓÓ È‚Èˆ È„È· Í¯Ú ¨± ¨ ßÒÓ Ï˜Â˯٠˙ÂȯÓÁ‰ ˙ÂȄ‰ȉ ˙ÂÚÈ·˙‰ ‚ˆÈÈÏ ÌÈȄ‰ȉ ÌÈ‚¯‡‰ „‚ȇ ȂȈ ‰ÈÓ¯‚ ®±∞¥ ±∞¥ ßÓÚ ¨∂π ¨∂π ‡¢Î© ‰ÈÓ¯‚ „‚ ‰˜ÈÒÙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß Ì¯È·‡ ±∞∏Ø∞∑ Ú ®±∑Ʊ∞Æ∞∑ ±∑Ʊ∞Æ∞∑ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯ÂÙ ‡Ï© ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß Ì¯È·‡ ±∞≤±Ø∞∏ ‡¢Ú¯ ®≤πƵÆ∞∏ ≤πƵÆ∞∏ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ®±π∂≥ ±π∂≥©© ∂¥∂ ®®±©ÊÈ ©ÊÈ „¢Ù ¨‰˘Ó ¨‰˘Ó ß Ó¢Ú· ÁÂËÈ·Ï ‰¯·Á ÔÂȇ ±∂µØ∂∞ ‡¢Ú ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ·Â¯Êχ ≥≤∑πØ∞∂ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢Ú ®±∏Æ≤Æ∞∑ ±∏Æ≤Æ∞∑ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ÏÂÏÓ ß ‰ÙÈÁ ≠ ÏӯΠÌÈÏÂÁ–˙È· ∑≥∑µØ∞≤ ‡¢Ú ®≥±Æ≥Æ∞µ ≥±Æ≥Æ∞µ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯ÂÙ ‡Ï© ‰Ï˘ÓÓ‰ ˘‡¯ ß Ë„¯‡–Ô· ¥µ±πØ∞∞ ı¢‚· ®±≤Ʊ∞Æ∞∞ ±≤Ʊ∞Æ∞∞ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ˙¯‚ ±±±π∂Ø∞≥ ‡¢„ ®πƱ∞Æ∞µ πƱ∞Æ∞µ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ®±ππ∂ ±ππ∂©© ∏≥∑ ®®µ©ËÓ ©ËÓ „¢Ù ¨¯ˆÂ‡‰ ¨¯ˆÂ‡‰ ¯˘ ß ÔÂÊ˛¸˘¯È‰ µ≤∂≥Øπ¥ ı¢‚· ÌÂ˜È˘Ï ‰Î˘Ï‰© χ¯˘È ˙È„Ó ß Ï‡¯˘È È·ÎÓ ˙¯„˙Ò‰ ¥≥πØ∑∂ ‡¢Ú ®±π∑∑ ±π∑∑©© ∑∑∞ ®®±©‡Ï ©‡Ï „¢Ù ¨®ÌÈÎ ¨®ÌÈÎ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˇ ≤±∂ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß Â˜˘¯‰ ±∑≥≥Ø∞∑ Ú ®±≤ƵÆ∞∏ ±≤ƵÆ∞∏ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ∏ ®®≥©Ê ©Ê „¢Ù ¨·Î¯ ¨·Î¯ ÁÂËÈ·Ï Èχ¯˘È‰ ¯‚‡Ó‰ ß ‰„‡ÓÁ ∂∏∂∞Ø∞± ‡¢Ú ®≤∞∞≥ ≤∞∞≥© ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ‰ÙÈÏÎ ≥∞µ¥Ø∞≥ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢Ú ®¥Æ≤Æ∞∏ ¥Æ≤Æ∞∏ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ Í¯ÂˆÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ÔÈÈˢ–ÔÂÊ·ÈÈÏ ∏±µØ∑∑ ‡¢Ú ®±π∑∏ ±π∑∏©© ≤∂π ®®≥©·Ï ©·Ï „¢Ù ¨±πµ∑ ¨±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ®±πππ ±πππ©© ±∂∏ ®®±©© ‰ „¢Ù ¨Ï‡¯˘È ¨Ï‡¯˘È ˙È„Ó ß Ë¯·‚Ï ∏∑≥≥Øπ∂ ‡¢Ú¯ ®±π∏∑ ±π∏∑©© ¥∑≤ ®®≥©© ‡Ó „¢Ù ¨˜ÈÙ ¨˜ÈÙ ß ÔÓ·ÂÏ µ±∂Ø∏¥ ‡¢Ú ‡Ï© ÔÂÒȷ¯ ß Ï‡¯˘È ˙È„Ó ®®≤¥∂¥Ø∞¥ ≤¥∂¥Ø∞¥ ƇÆ˙© ∑∞π±Ø∞∂ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢˘· ®≥±Æ∑Æ∞∂ ≥±Æ∑Æ∞∂ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯ÂÙ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ÔÂÒȷ¯ ß Ï‡¯˘È ˙È„Ó ≤π≥≥Ø∞∂ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢Ú ®≤≤Æ¥Æ∞∑ ≤≤Æ¥Æ∞∑ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ÔÂÒȷ¯ ß Ï‡¯˘È ˙È„Ó ¥∏±∂Ø∞∑ ‡¢Ú¯ ®≤πÆ≤Æ∞∏ ≤πÆ≤Æ∞∏ ®±ππ≥ ±ππ≥©© ∏µ≥ ®®≥©ÊÓ ©ÊÓ „¢Ù ¨Ï‡¯˘È ¨Ï‡¯˘È ÈÚ˜¯˜Ó ωÈÓ ß Ô¯ÙÚ ¥¥≤≤Øπ≤ ı¢‚· ®πƱ≤Æπ∑ πƱ≤Æπ∑ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯ÂÙ ‡Ï© ¯ˆÂ‡‰ ¯˘ ß ¯ÎÙ ≤≥±µØπ∑ ı¢‚· ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ÈÂÏÙ ∞∞≤≥∞∏Ø∞∑ Ú ®≤≥ƱÆ∞∏ ≤≥ƱÆ∞∏ ÌÂÈ· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ¯„τȯ٠≤∞∑Ø∂∞ ı¢‚· ®±π∂∞ ±π∂∞©© ≤≥π∞ „¢È „¢Ù ¨±πµ∑ ¨±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ≥±≤ ®®≥©·Ó ©·Ó „¢Ù ¨Á˙‡Ù ¨Á˙‡Ù ß ˙¯„˙Ò‰‰ Ï˘ ÌÈÏÂÁ ˙Ù˜ ≤≥±Ø∏¥ ‡¢Ú ®±π∏∏ ±π∏∏© ≤∞∞¥©© ≤±µ ®®µ©Á ©Á „¢Ù ¨·Â˘È¯˜ ¨·Â˘È¯˜ ß È·ˆ ÔÈÈÚÓ ı·Ș ±∂≥πØ∞± ‡¢Ú ®≤∞∞¥ ≤±∑ ˇ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ß ‰Ú¯ ±∏µ¥Ø∞¥ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢Ú ®¥Æ≤Æ∞∏ ¥Æ≤Æ∞∏ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ≤∂≤∞Ø∞∑ ‡¢Ú¯ ®±∞Æ∂Æ∞∑ ±∞Æ∂Æ∞∑ Íȯ‡˙· ‰˙È ª‰ÓÒ¯Â٠̯˩ ·ÂÊϯ‡ ß ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ≤≤¥∂Ø∞∂ ®‡¢˙© ‡¢Ú ®±Æ¥Æ∞∑ ±Æ¥Æ∞∑ Íȯ‡˙· Ô˙È ªÌÒ¯Â٠̯˩ „Șٯ„ ß ±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∑ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ÈÙÏ ˙ÎÓÒÂÓ‰ ˙¢¯‰ ≤±∑Ø∏≥ ‡¢Ú¯ ®±π∏∂ ±π∏∂©© ∑∏π ®®±©Ó ©Ó „¢Ù ¨Ì‰Â˘ ¨Ì‰Â˘ ß ˜ÂÁ ˙ÂÚˆ‰ ±πµ∂≠Ê¢È˘˙ ±πµ∂ Ê¢È˘˙ ¨ÌÈȈ‡‰ ÊÂÎȯ‰ ˙ÂÁÓ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±π∂∏≠Á¢Î˘˙ ±π∂∏ Á¢Î˘˙ ¨®≤ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±π∑≥≠‚¢Ï˘˙ ±π∑≥ ‚¢Ï˘˙ ¨®≥ ¨® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ¨®˙ÂÈÂÎÊ ˙‡Â¢‰© ®π ® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ÈÎÏ ˙ÂÈÂÎÊ ˙‡Â¢‰© ®®±∞ ±∞ ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ¨®ÌȈ‡· ‰ÓÁÏÓ‰ ¨®˙ÂÈÂÎÊ ˙‡Â¢‰© ®π ® ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ÈÎÏ ˙ÂÈÂÎÊ ˙‡Â¢‰© ®®±∞ ±∞ ßÒÓ Ô˜È˙© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ±ππµ≠‰¢˘˙ ±ππµ ‰¢˘˙ ¨®ÌȈ‡· ‰ÓÁÏÓ‰ ÌȘ˜Ê ÌÈ˘È˘˜Ï ‰ÒΉ ˙ÁË·‰ ˙‡ÏÓ‚ ˙Ï„‚‰Ï ˙ÈÎÂ˙‰ ˜ÂÁ ˙Úˆ‰ ≤∞∞∏≠Á¢Ò˘˙ ≤∞∞∏ Á¢Ò˘˙ ¨®‰˜È˜Á ȘÈ˙© ‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ÚÂÈÒÏ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˇ ≤±∏ ‰¯Ê ‰˜È˜Á ˙È·¯ÚÓ‰ ‰ÈÓ¯‚ ÌÊÈχȈÂÒ–ÏÂȈ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯‰ ˙·¯˜Ï Èϯ„Ù‰ ÌÈȈÈÙ‰ ˜ÂÁ Bundesgesetz zur Entschaedigung fuer Opfer der nationalsozialistischen nationalsozialistischen) Bundesenschaedigungsgesetz – BEG BEG)) (Verfolgung (Verfolgung (Bundesenschaedigungsgesetz „ω De Wet Uitkeringen Vervolgingsslachtoffers 1940-1945 (WUV) (The Benefit Act for Victims of Persecution 1940-1945 1940-1945) De Wet Uitkeringen Burger-oologsslachtoffers 1940-1945 (Wubo) (The Benefit Act for Civilian War Victims 1940-1945 1940-1945) ˙ȯ·Ú ≠ ÌȯÙÒ ÌÈ¯Ó‡Ó ÁÂ˙È ∫∫ÌÈΉ ÌÈΉ ‰‡Â˘‰ Èψȷ Èχ¯˘È‰ ÏÂÙÈˉ ÏÂÙÈˉ¢¢ ¨¨˙ÈÓÚ ˙ÈÓÚ ¨¨Ô¯ Ô¯–ËÒÈ„¯‡ ËÒÈ„¯‡ ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ¨¢ ¨¢±πµ∑ ±πµ∑≠Ê¢È˘˙‰ È˘˙‰ ¨¨ÌȈ‡‰ ÌȈ‡‰ ˙ÂÙÈ„¯ ÈÎ ˜ÂÁ Ï˘ ȯÂËÒȉ ˙Îȯڷ© ˙ÂÎÏ˘‰ ¨¨ÌÈÎÈω ˙Îȯڷ ÌÈÎÈω ¨¨‰È¯ÂËÒȉ ‰È¯ÂËÒȉ ∫∫χ¯˘È χ¯˘È ‰ÈÓ¯‚· ‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ®≤∞∞π ≤∞∞𠨨Èȯ٠Èȯ٠˯·¯Â ¨¨¯Ï˘Â‚ ¯Ï˘Â‚ ÔÈËËÒ˜ ¨¨¯Â¯· ¯Â¯· ‰Ê ‰ÊÂßÊ ®®µ≤ µ≤©‚¢È ‰ÏÎÏÎÏ ÔÂÚ·¯ ¨¢ ¨¢˜˘Ó‰ ˜˘Ó‰ ÏÚ ÌÓÂ˘È¯Â ÌÈÈ˘È‡‰ ÌÈȈÈÙ‰ ÌÈȈÈÙ‰¢¢ ¨¯˘‡ ¨¯˘‡ ¨¨Ôȯ‡ Ôȯ‡ ≥∏± ®®Ê¢Î˘˙ ΢˙© ®Ê¢Ï˘˙ ¨ß· ͯΩ ÔÂȯ‚ Ô· ¨Ï‡ÎÈÓ ¨¯‰ÂÊ ¯· ÈψÈÏ ÚÂÈÒ‰ ˙˜È„·Ï ˙È˙ÎÏÓÓ‰ ‰¯È˜Á‰ ˙„ÚÂÂÏ ß‡ ¯ÈÎÊ˙¢ ¨‰ÊÂßÊ ¨¯Â¯· ÈÓ¯‚‰ ˜ÂÁ‰ Ï˘ ˙ÂÎÏ˘‰Â ÌÈÎÈω ¨ÔÂÈ‚‰ ¨Ú˜¯ ∫BEG–‰ Í·Ò· ≠ ‰‡Â˘‰ ®≤¥Æ≤Æ∞∏ ≤¥Æ≤Æ∞∏©© ¢‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙÏ È¯˜ÈÚ‰ ¢¯„ Ú„Ó „ˆÈÎ ∫Á˙Ù–¯Ó¢ „ÓÂÚ ˜ÂÁ‰ ÈÙÏߢ ¨ÌÂÁ Òȯȇ ‰ÊÂßÊ ¨¯Â¯· ˙·¯˙‰Â ‰Ù˘‰ ‚ÂÁÏ Ì˙ÂÎÈÈ˙˘‰ ˙‡ ÁÈÎÂ‰Ï ÌÈÈχ¯˘È ÌÈȈÈÙ ÈÚ·Â˙ ¨‰È¯ÂËÒȉ ∫χ¯˘È ‰ÈÓ¯‚· ‰‡Â˘ ÈψÈÏ ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ¨¢˙ÂÈÓ¯‚‰ ≤±π ˇ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ¨Èȯ٠˯·¯Â ¯Ï˘Â‚ ÔÈËËÒ˜ ¨¯Â¯· ‰ÊÂßÊ ˙Îȯڷ© ˙ÂÎÏ˘‰ ¨ÌÈÎÈω ®≤∞∞π ≤∞∞π ‰¯„˙˜ ¨¢® ¨¢®±π¥∑ ±π¥∑≠±π¥¥ ±π¥¥©© ‰ÈÓ¯‚ Ï˘ ‰˙˘Ú‰Ï ·Â˘È· ‰ÚÈ·˙‰¢ ¨‰ÓÈÚ ¨Ïʯ· ±µ∏ ®‰¢˘˙© ∑≥ ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰Â ÌÈȈÈÙ‰ ˙χ˘· ÌÈÂÈ„· Ô¯ÎÈʉ ‰‡˘‰ ¨„·Ή¢ ¨‰ÓÈÚ ¨Ïʯ· ®‰¢˘˙© „¢Î Ìȯ˜ÁÓ ı·Â˜ ≠ Ì˘Â–„È ¨¢ÌÈ˘ÈÓÁ‰ ˙¢· ‰ÈÓ¯‚Ó ≤∞≥ Íȯ„Ó ≠ ÌȘ„ÊÓ ‰‡Â˘ Èψȷ ÏÂÙÈˉ ¨®˙ÂίÂÚ© ÈÏÙ È„‡Ò ‰Ï‡٠¨„È„ ®≤∞∞∏ ≤∞∞∏©© Úˆ˜Ó È˘‡Ï ÈÓ¢ÈÈ ®±πππ ±πππ©© È˘‰ ¯Â„‰ ≠ ‰‡Â˘‰ ψ· ¨Ô¯‰‡ ¨Ò‡‰ ¨‰ÈÓ¯‚Ï ÂÒÁÈ ÔÂȯ‚–Ô· „„ ∫ß˙¯Á‡‰ ‰ÈÓ¯‚ßÏ Í¯„‰¢ ¨ÌÚÈÁÈ ¨ıÈ ˙Îȯڷ© ˙¢‡¯‰ ÌÈ˘‰ ÌÈ˘ÈÓÁ ≠ ˙Â‡ÓˆÚ ÍÂ˙· ¢±π∂∞ ¢±π∂∞≠±πµ≤ ±πµ≤ ≤¥µ ®Á¢˘˙ ¨‡¯ÈÙ˘ ‰Ëȇ ÔÈ· ¯È˘È Ô˙Ó ‡˘Ó ÏÚ ‰ËÏÁ‰‰ ‰¯˘Â‡ „ˆÈÎ ∫¯Ò‡ÂÂÏ Í¯„‰¢ ¨ÌÚÈÁÈ ¨ıÈ ≤¥∑ ®Ò¢˘˙© Á¢Î Ìȯ˜ÁÓ ı·Â˜ ≠ Ì˘Â „È ¨¢‰ÈÓ¯‚Ï Ï‡¯˘È ‰¯„˙˜ ¨¢ ¨¢±πµ≤ ±πµ≤≠±π¥π ±π¥π ¨‰ÈÓ¯‚ ÌÚ ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ ÌÎ҉ ˙¯˘ ‰˘Ó¢ ¨ÌÚÈÁÈ ¨ıÈ ±µ∑ ®‰¢Ò˘˙© ±±µ ®ÒÂÙ„·© È‚ÂÏÂÈ·‰ Ô¯˙Ù‰ ¨Ï‡¯ ¨Ì‡·ÏËÈÈË ±πµ≤≠±π¥∏ ±πµ≤ ±π¥∏ χ¯˘È–˙È„Ó· ‰‡Â˘‰ ÈÏÂˆÈ ≠ ÌÈ¯Ê ÌÈÁ‡ ¨‰Á ¨‰˜ÂÏ·È ®„¢˘˙© ÊÎ¯Ó Ô‡˷ ≠ ¯ÎÊÓ ¨¢ÌȄ‰ȉ ˙È„Ó ˙‡ È˙ψ‰ ¯Ò‡Â·¢ ¨È¯Â‡ ¨·˜ÚÈ ®≤∞∞µ ≤∞∞µ©© ≤∞ χ¯˘È· ‰‡Â˘‰ ÈÏÂˆÈ Ï˘ ÌÈ‚¯‡‰ ˘Âί‰ ˙·˘‰Â ÌÈÈ˘È‡‰ ÌÈȈÈÙ‰ ≠ ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ ÌÎÒ‰· ˙ÂÈ‚ÂÒ ¨ÈÒÂÈ ¨ıÎ ®ÒÂÙ„·© ÌȯÏÙÓˉ ȈÈÙ ÌÈÓ¯‚ ÈÒÎ ˜ÂÁ ø˙ÂÈÓ¯‚‰ ˙·˘ÂÓ‰ ÈÓ Ï˘¢ ¨ÈÒÂÈ ¨ıÎ ¥≥± ®Ê¢Ò˘˙© ±∑ χ¯˘È ˙Ó˜˙· ÌÈÂÈÚ ¨¢Ï‡¯˘È· Ì˘Âί ÏÚ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ˇ ≤≤∞ ÔÂÎÒÈÁ‰Â ‰Îȯˆ‰ ÏÚ ‰ÈÓ¯‚Ó ÌÈÈ˘È‡‰ ÌÈȈÈÙ‰ ˙ÚÙ˘‰ ¨Ï‡ÎÈÓ ¨¯‚¯·Ò„Ï ®Ï¢˘˙© χ¯˘È· ˙ÈÈ„Ó ‰Â·˙ ≠ ‰ÈÓ¯‚ ÌÚ Ìȯ˘˜‰ ˙È˘‡¯Â ˙¯˘ ‰˘Ó¢ ¨ÔÈÓÈ· ¨¯‚¯·È ®Ê¢Ò˘˙ ¨˙¯˘ ·˜ÚÈ ˙Îȯڷ© ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ ÒÂÓÏÂÙ ¨¢È¯ÒÂÓ ÌÊÈËÓ‚¯Ù ∏¥µ ÂÈÈÁ¢ ˜ÏÁ ¨®≤≥Ʊ∞Ƶ∑ ¨®≤≥Ʊ∞Ƶ∑©© ı¯‡‰ ¨¢ÈÓ¯‚‰ ˜¯Ó‰ ˙ÓÂÚÏ ‰¯Èω¢ ¨‰È¯‡ ¨ÔˆÈ ߇ ßÓÚ ¨¢ÌÈÈÏÎÏΉ ÈÂÈÚ ¨¢øËÙ˘Ó Â‡ ˜ÈÂ„Ó Ú„Ó ∫ÈÂÎÈÒ· ‰ÚÈ‚Ù ÔÈ‚· ÌÈȈÈÙ¢ ¨Ï‡È¯‡ ¨˙¯ÂÙ ≥µ∑ ®‚¢Ò˘˙© ʢΠËÙ˘Ó ¯Á·Ó ≠ È˘‰ ‰Ï˘ÓÓ‰ ˘‡¯ ¨˙¯˘ ‰˘Ó ¨¢ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ ÒÂÓÏÂÙ¢ ¨ÊȇÂÏ ¨¯˘ÈÙ ¥¥∂ ®Ê¢Ò˘˙ ¨ÏËʯ ‰ÓÈÓÈ ˙Îȯڷ© ±π∂µ ±π∂µ≠±∏π¥ ±∏π¥ ÂÈÈÁ Ș¯ÙÓ ˙„ÂÚ˙ ®Ê¢Î˘˙© ˙¢‚¯Â Á¯ÂÎ ÏÂÚ· ¨¯ÊÚÈχ Ò˜ÈÏÙ ¨¯Ú˘ ®±ππ± ±π𱩩 ‰‡Â˘‰Â ÌÈχ¯˘È‰ ≠ ÈÚÈ·˘‰ ÔÂÈÏÈÓ‰ ¨ÌÂ˙ ¨·‚˘ ˙ÈÊÚÂÏ ≠ ÌȯÙÒ ÌÈ¯Ó‡Ó Auerbach, Yehudit, Ben-Gurion and Reparations from Germany Germany,, in DAVID BEN-GURION: POLITICS AND LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL (Zweig (Zweig,, Ronald W. 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Mcfarlane and Lars Weisaeth, TRAUMATIC STRESS, THE EFFECTS OF OVERWHELMING EXPERIENCE ON MIND, BODY AND SOCIETY, (1996). ≤≤≥ ˇ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· Zweig, Ronald W., GERMAN REPARATIONS AND HISTORY OF THE CLAIMS CONFERENCE (1987) THE JEWISH WORLD – A Zertal, Idit, ISRAEL'S HOLOCAUST AND THE POLITICS OF NATIONHOOD (2005) ˙¢ ˙Ú„–˙ÂÂÁ ¨˙ÂÁ„ ±µ¥ ¨¨∂∑ ∂∑ ¨¨µ≤ µ≤ ¨¨≤≤ ≤≤ ¨¨≤± ≤± ¨¨±∞ ±∞ ¨¨∏ ÌÈίΠ∫˙ÒΉ ∫˙ÒΉ ȯ·„ ËÒ‚‡ ¨‰È„Ó‰ ¯˜·Ó© ‰‡Â˘‰ ÈψÈÏ ÚÂÈÒ‰ ÏÚ ˙¯Â˜È· Ô·˘Á–ÔÈ„ ®≤∞∞∑ ≤∞∞∑ ‰‡Â˘‰ ÈÏÂˆÈ ˙˜ÂˆÓÏ ˙¯˙Ù ˘Â·È‚Ï ˙È„¯˘Ó–ÔÈ·‰ ‰„Ú‰ Ô·˘Á–ÔÈ„ ®±µÆµÆ∞∑ ±µÆµÆ∞∑ ¨ıȷ˜ˆÈ‡ ÌÂÁ ¯Ó ˙¢‡¯· ‰„Ú© ÌÈÈÈ· Á„ ≠ ˙ȯ·Ȉ ‰‡ˆÂ‰· ˙ÂÈÂÙÈ„Ú È¯„Ò ˙ÚÈ·˜Ï ˙ȯ·Ȉ‰ ‰„Ú‰ Ô·˘Á–ÔÈ„ ®±π∏µ ±π∏µ ¯·Ó·Â ¨ı¯ÂÏ ‰ÓÏ˘ ΢Á ˙¢‡¯· ‰„Ú© ‰È„Ó‰ ·Èˆ˜˙·Â Æ®·¢Ò˘˙© ≤∞∞≤ ÌÈÙÒΉ ˙˘Ï ¯ˆÂ‡‰ „¯˘Ó ·Èˆ˜˙ ˙‡¯Â‰ Æ®Ê¢Ò˘˙© ≤∞∞∑ ÌÈÙÒΉ ˙˘Ï ¯ˆÂ‡‰ „¯˘Ó ·Èˆ˜˙ ˙‡¯Â‰ ‰¯·Ò‰‰ Êίө ‰ÁÈ˙Ù‰ ̇ ≠ ÔÓÎÈȇ ÛÏ„‡ „‚ ‰Ï˘ÓÓÏ ÈËÙ˘Ó‰ ıÚÂȉ ®‡¢Î˘˙ ¨‰Ï˘ÓÓ‰ ˘‡¯ „¯˘Ó· ‰Ï˘ÓÓÏ ÈËÙ˘Ó‰ ıÚÂȉ ˙‡Ó ˙Ú„–˙ÂÂÁ© ÌȈ‡‰ ˙·¯˜Ó Û‚ ȘÂÊÈ ®±∞ƥƵ∂ ±∞ƥƵ∂ ¨Ô‰Î ÌÈÈÁ ±π∂µ ˙˘Ó ÌÂÈÒ‰ ˜ÂÁ ≠ ®®µ ßÒÓ ˙¯·ÂÁ© ‰ÈÓ¯‚Ó ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ®Â¢Î˘˙ ¨ı¯‡Ï ıÂÁÓ ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ÈÈÚÏ ˙ˆÚÈÈÓ‰ ˙ȯ·Ȉ‰ ‰ˆÚÂÓ‰© ı¯‡‰ È·˘Â˙Ï ‰¯·Ò‰ ˙¯·ÂÁ ø‰Ó ÏÚ øÈÓÏ ≠ ‰ÈÓ¯‚Ó ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ÌÈÈ˘È‡ ÌÈȈÈÙ ÈÈÚÏ ˙ˆÚÈÈÓ‰ ˙ȯ·Ȉ‰ ‰ˆÚÂÓ‰© ˘È„ȇ·Â ˙ȯ·Ú· ®±πµ∏ ±πµ∏ ¨ı¯‡Ï ıÂÁÓ ≥±Æ±≤Æ∞∂ ÌÂÈÏ ÌÈÈÙÒÎ ˙ÂÁ¢Â„ ¨®ß¯Ú© χ¯˘È· ‰‡Â˘‰ ÈÚ‚ÙÏ ‰ÁÂÂ¯Ï Ô¯˜ ®®±π∂µ ±π∂µ ¯·Óˆ„ ¨Ï‡¯˘È ˜· Á¢Â„© Èχ¯˘È‰ ˜˘Ó‰ ÏÚ Ì˙ÚÙ˘‰Â ÌÈÓÂÏÈ˘‰ Æ≤∞∞∂ ≤∞∞∂ ˙˘Ï χ¯˘ÈÏ ÈËÒÈËËÒ ÔÂ˙˘ ‰ÈÙ¯‚ÂÈÏ·È· ®∂Æ∂Æ∞∏ ∂Æ∂Æ∞∏ Íȯ‡˙· ‰Â¯Á‡Ï ÂÙˆ© ˇ ≤≤¥ ˯Ëȇ ȯ˙‡ http:// http ://www www.swissbankclaims swissbankclaims.com com/Overview Overview.asp aspx http:// http ://www www.icheic icheic.or org http:// http ://www www.hungariangoldtrain hungariangoldtrain.org org/index index_he he.as asp http:// http ://www www.claimscon claimscon.org org/index index_he he.asp asp?url url=Article2 Article2/ove over http:// http ://www www.btl btl.gov gov.il http:// http ://www www.bankisrael bankisrael.gov gov.il il/deptdata deptdata/pikuah pikuah/bankco06 bankco06/banco06h banco06h.ht htm http:// http ://www www.bankisrael bankisrael.gov gov.il il/deptdata deptdata/pikuah pikuah/bankco01 bankco01/banco01h banco01h.ht htm http:// http ://www www.pur pur.nl nl/engels engels/general general/general general.ht htm http:// http ://www www.pur pur.nl nl/index index_english english.ht htm http://www http:// www.bundesfinanzministerium bundesfinanzministerium.de de/DE DE/BMF BMF__ __Startseite Startseite/node node. html?__ html ?__nnn nnn=tru true
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