saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvleva

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
vaxtang goilaZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis
pirveli sruli gamokvleva
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia
2000
1
saqarTvelos
mTavarepiskopos
samociqulo
marTlmadidebeli
anania
eklesiis
saswavleblebis
jafariZis
istoria”
pedagogebisa
da
eklesiis
mravaltomiani
gamoqveynebis
wmida
sinodis
monografia
Tanave
studentebisaTvis
wevris
“saqarTvelos
gadaiqca
umaRlesi
eklesiis
istoriis
saxelmZRvanelo wignad.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis
ilia II-is locva kurTxeviT 1998 wlis “saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi”
gamoqveynda
aRniSnuli
monografiis
mokle
redaqcia,
romelic
ivane
javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis samecniero sabWos mier
gadatanili iqna sadisertaciod.
qvemdebare wignSi warmodgenilia Cveni cnobili sazogado moRvaweebisa
da mecnierebis mier gamoTqmuli recenziebi da sityvebi aRniSnuli disertaciis
dacvisas, romelsac Tan erTvis universitetidan da institutebidan miRebuli
gamoxmaurebani.
2
S i n a a r s i
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia
anania jafariZis disertaciaze “saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi
(XII-XVIII ss.)”
................................................................................................................ 5
mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents qalbaton giuli
alasanias .............................................................................................................................................................14
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia
...................................... 26
pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes ..............................................................43
ist. mecn.
doqtor valerian maWaraZis sityva
ist. mecn.
doqtor ilia tabaRua
............................................................... 44
sityva
.................................................................... 44
morwmune qalbatonis sityva .................................................................................................................... 45
profesor revaz baramiZe sityva
.................................................................................. 46
kinoreJisor revaz CxeiZe sityva
.......................................................................................... 46
akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva
................................................................................. 48
istoriis mecn. doqtor marine CxartiSvilis sityva
mTavarepiskopos meufe Tadeozis
ist. mecn.
.................................................. 49
sityva......................................................................................... 50
doqtor iakob axuaSvilis sityva:
docent rusudan wiqvaZis sityva
................................................................. 52
.......................................................................... 52
ist. mecn.
doqtor fridon sixaruliZis sityva
....................................................................53
ist. mecn.
kand. deniza sumbaZis sityva
................................................................... 54
mweral ciala ardaSelias sityva
..............................................................................55
akademikos daviT musxeliSvili sityva
.............................................................................55
iRumen mama Sios sityva
..................................................................................................... 56
3
Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis pedinstitutis
istoriis fakultetis docent s. vardosaniZis da kaTedris
gamge, prof. sv. gamsaxurdias daskvna
........................................................................................... 57
a.jafariZis pasuxi wamyvan organizacias
............................................................................. 59
Tsu profesor filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtor z. kiknaZis
gamoxmaureba
.................................................. 61
quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis saq. istoriis kaTedris gamgis ist. mecn.
doqtor prof. g. mWedliZis gamoxmaureba
....................... 64
Tbilisis pedinstitutis qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamgis
prof. lela xaCiZis da kaTedris ufrosi maswavleblis T. koWlamazaSvilis
gamoxmaureba
......................................... 65
saqarTvelos
recenzia
teqnikuri universitetis kaTedris
gamgis
prof. n.
xazaraZis
.............................................................................................................................................. 68
Tsu religiaTmcodneobis da eTikis kaTedris docentis r. wiqvaZisa da
kaTedris gamgis prof. T. fanjikiZis gamoxmaureba ................................................................ 71
Tsu kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. ist. mecn. doqtor
qeTevan pavliaSvili recenzia
............................................. 74
goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli institutis kaTedris gamge,
prof. el. mamisTvaliSvilis da docent v. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba
........................ 76
saq. mecn. akademiis istoriisa da EeTnografiis institutis mecn. TanamSromlis
e. kaWaravas daskvna
...................................................................... 78
4
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia
anania jafariZis disertaciaze
“saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)”
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria
gadarCenisTvis
mudmivi
brZolaa.
iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos istoria,
CamonaTvalSi
“ena,
mamuli,
sarwmunoeba”,
romelic qarTvel xalxs gadarCenis ZiriTad pirobad miuCnevia, Tanmimdevrobis
cvlisas xSirad pirvel adgilze sarwmunoebas wamoswevda xolme, vinaidan eris
konsolidaciis saqmeSi eklesia xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebda,
vidre
saero
xelisufleba.
marTlmadidebloba
da
eklesia
saukuneebis manZilze iyo is ZiriTadi RerZi, is xerxemali, romelzedac iyo
daSenebuli erovnuli cnobiereba.
qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis sicocxlis unarianoba, romlis mizezebis
kvlevasac
eZRvneba
dRes
sapaeqrod
warmodgenili
gamokvleva,
swored
saqarTvelos eklesiis sicocxlisunarianobiT iyo gamowveuli. aseTia naSromis
ZiriTadi
Tezisi,
romelsac
avtori
mravali
argumentiT
da
Zalze
damajereblad asabuTebs.
ukanasknel
gansaxilveli
wlebSi
naSromi
eklesiis
saqarTvelos
istoriisadmi
eklesiis
interesis
istoriis
miuxedavad
Sesaxeb
pirveli
sruli gamokvlevaa. pirvelia naSromi im TvalsazrisiTac, rom didi xnis
Semdeg
eklesiaze
mecnierul
gamokvlevas
qmnis
sasuliero
piri
marTlmadidebluri xedviT, gansxvavebuli gancdiT. es aris eklesiis warsuli
da
dRevandeloba,
danaxuli
Signidan,
organuli
codniT,
rogorc avtori
aRniSnavs, “marTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT dawerili istoria” (gv. 13).
amgvarad,
es
qarTul
istoriografiaSi
im
sisxlis
gadasxmas
hgavs,
romelic drodadro aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad.
warmodgenili disertaciis ramdenime ZiriTadi mizani aris:
1)
daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes rwmena da ganamtkicos
mrevli
am rwmenaSi;
2)
gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynis da eris Rirseuli warsuli
gamo;
5
3)
aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi da am fonze
warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria da misi mniSvneloba qveynis da eris warsulsa
da awmyoSi.
Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia.
rac Seexeba mesames, Cemi dRevandeli mdgomareoba maiZulebs masze ufro
detalurad SevCerde da es movaleoba friad sasiamovnod da sapatiod mimaCnia.
Temis farglebSi, rogorc problemis dasmis TvalsazrisiT, aseve misi
SinaarsiT
mniSvnelovnad scildeba
sakandidato disertaciis amocanebs
da
moTxovnebs, xolo misi avtori ueWvelad imsaxurebs Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.
saqarTvelos eklesiis warsulis Seswavla avtors imTaviTve farTod
dausaxavs. wignSi qveynis politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli
cxovreba
msWvalavs
ise
organulad
mTel
avtorisaTvis
aris
Serwymuli
rom
xSirad
naSroms,
ufro
mniSvnelovani.
eklesiis
Znelia
imis
saqarTvelos
da
istoriasTan
da
gansazRvra,
ise
romelia
met-naklebad
masTan
urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis istoriis monumentur tiloze warmodgenili
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis
konteqstSia
danaxuli.
mniSvnelovani
SenaZenia
aramarto
saqarTvelos
urTierTobaSi
myofi
qveynebis,
zogadad
marTlmadideblobis
istoriis
warmodgenili saqarTvelos
istoria
da
warsulis,
religiisa
TvalsazrisiT,
amdenad
mdidari
wyaroTmcodneoba,
naSromi
aramed
da,
masTan
kerZod,
problematikiT
romelic
wignis
meore plans qmnis, aranakleb saintereso da aranakleb mniSvnelovania.
dRes, rodesac eklesias kvlav daubrunda is mniSvnelovani funqcia,
romelic
mas
istoriulad
mudam
hqonda
qarTveli
xalxis
warsulSi,
dRevandeli disertaciis dacvis mniSvneloba Zalze didia. TviT naSromis done
uTuod
gazrdis
eklesiis
da
samRvdeloebis
avtoritets,
xels
Seuwyobs
sazogadoebis konsolidacias da yovelive es mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans
eris sulier amaRlebasa da gadarCenaSi.
warmodgenil naSromSi avtors Zalze bevr sakiTxze
maT
Soris
sakamaTosa
da
dadgenilze.
igi
mouxdeba msjeloba,
rTulia
kompoziciurad,
Sinaarsobrivad da, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargi eniT aris dawerili, Zneli
aRsaqmelia. wignis mniSneloba rTuli amocanis winaSe ayenebda ara marto
avtors, aramed mis mkiTxvelsac, romlisganac saTanado momzadebas moiTxovs.
wigni rTuli wasakiTxia emociurad. vinaidan Cvens winaSea saqarTvelos da
6
qarTveli
eris
mTeli
warsuli
da
awmyo,
warmatebebi
da
ukusvlebi,
damoukideblobis, siZlieris da gareSe Zalis damorCilebis wlebi da yovelive
amis
fonze
eris
warmodgenilia
Camoyalibebis
konkretul
uwyveti
pirovnebaTa
procesi.
portretebi
gacocxlebulia
da
maTi
da
dadebiTi
uaryofiTi mxareebiT, eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis rTuli urTierToba
sxvadasxva xanaSi, gare samyarosTan Sexvedrebi, omebis da mSvidobis istoria,
maTi mniSvneloba da yvelaferi es erTis amosunTqviT, erTi gancdiT aris
dawerili. Tumca aseTi naSromi, cxadia, erTbaSad ar iwereba, aseTi naSromi
mTeli cxovrebis
nafiqria. mkvlevari kargad icnobs
wyaroebs,
amdidrebs
rasac
SemTxvevaSi
TviTon
gamokvlevis xarisxs
TviTmxilvelTa
gvevlineba
monacemebiT,
TviTmxilvelis
da mniSvnelobas.
Sesabamis
rolSi.
amasTanave
werilobiT
xolo
es
zogierT
faqti
zrdis
mTeli naSromi dawerilia
samecniero literaturis codniT da didi pativiscemiT winamorbed mkvlevarTa
mimarT. magram winamorbedebTan kamaTi ar Seadgens naSromis mizans. misi mizani
ufro avtoris mosazrebebis dasabuTebaa, romelic aramarto Tanabrad erkveva
istoriul
da
wyaroTmcodneobiT
problematikaSi,
aramed
TviTon
aris
profesionali istorikosi da wyaroTmcodne.
SeuZlebelia gamokvlevaSi ganxilul sakiTxTa ubralo CamoTvlac ki,
SevCerdebi mxolod zogierTze da amasTanave aRvniSnav maT zogierT xarvezs.
Cemi erT-erTi ZiriTadi
SeniSvna
exeba gamokvlevis
teqnikur mxares,
romelsac Zalze didi datvirTva aqvs samecniero naSromSi. es aris sqolioebis
ar arseboba. Tumca literaturis damowmeba xSirad ukve TavisTavad argumentia.
am
sakmaod
mZime
ganswavluloba
yovelTvis
SeniSvnas
kargad
Cans,
erTgvarad
magram
arbilebs
gamokvlevis
am
is,
rom
istoriis
Taviseburebis
gamo
ar xerxdeba Sejereba.
gamokvlevebis konkretuli sakiTxebi Serwymulia Teoriul problemebTan.
avtori msjelobs imaze, Tu ra aris qristianuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc
disciplina, asaxelebs mis wyaroebs, gansazRvravs Tavis amocanebs. sagangebod
Cerdeba
jer msoflio istoriis, xolo Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
periodizaciaze. periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani principi.
aq amosavali
xan istoriuli movlenaa (mag., mefobis gauqmeba), xan movlena
sakuTriv eklesiis cxovrebaSi (mag., avtokefaliis gauqmeba an aRdgena). MmTlad
misaRebi ar aris, ratom aris miCneuli oqros xanis dasasrulad XIV s. damdegi,
7
Tu saqarTvelo ukve me-13 s. 20-iani wlebidan zedized ganicdis xan monRolTa,
xan xorezSahTa Tavdasxmebs, eqceva maTi politikuri kontrolis qveS an ratom
ar aris, magaliTad, calke gamoyofili 1917-21 ww. ratom aris miCneuli mijnad
VI s. da ar aris gamoyofili VII s. 20-iani wlebi, romelic avtoris araerTgzis
SeniSvniT aSkarad gadamtexi momentia qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi.
Zalze
sainteresoa
dakvirvebebi
hagiografiul
Zeglebze,
sxvadasxva
Sinaarsis iuridiul dokumentebze, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ struqturaze, rTul
mudmiv problemad rCeba. avtori cal-calke ganixilavs TiToeul Zegls, afasebs
maT, rogorc wyaros da, kerZod, eklesiis istoriisaTvis. aseve
erTgvarad
xelovnur
STabeWdilebas
istorikosebis
dayofa
SeniSnavT, rom
samoqalaqo da
saeklesio avtorebad, yovel SemTxvevaSi adreul saukuneebSi, vinaidan erTnic
da meorenic sasuliero pirebi arian. mkvlevari Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad
basil
ezosmoZRvars
marTalia,
Zeglis
miiCnevs,
avtori
rac
erTgvarad
jerjerobiT
moZvelebuli
ar
aris
Sexedulebaa.
dadgenili,
magram
i. javaxiSvilis atribucia amJamad aRar aris gaziarebuli.
didi adgili eTmoba naSromSi qarTuli eris eTnogenezis sakiTxebs.
avtori
msjelobs
Camoyalibebis
qarTvelebis
Teorias.
aq
sxvadasxva
yuradRebas
dasaxelebebze,
ipyrobs
ganixilavs
qarTvelebis
eris
dakavSireba
bibliur TugalTan. aRniSnul sakiTxze uzarmazari literaturaa Seqmnili.
avtors
TviTonac
aqvs
specialuri
gamokvleva
qarTvelebis
eTnogenezze,
Sesabamisi argumentebi gansaxilvel wignSic aris motanili, magram, vfiqrob,
problema mainc moiTxovs Semdeg dakvirvebas.
mkvlevari
farTod
aSuqebs
mociqulTa
moRvaweobas
qarTlSi,
ris
Sedegadac msjelobs da akeTebs daskvnas, rom vinaidan mociqulebis mier
daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac
ar unda yofiliyo is, avtokefaliuri
iyo,
amitomac qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria. es azri naSromSi
sxvaganac meordeba da avtori mas araerTxel sxvadasxva argumentiT asabuTebs.
Teoriulad es iqneb marTlac ase unda yofiliyo, magram realobaSi TviT
mociqulebis
yofnis
faqti
saqarTveloSi
naSromSi naCvenebia, Tu rogor uxdebodaT
araerTxel
damdgara
eWvqveS.
qarTvelebs zog SemTxvevaSi Tavisi
kanonieri urTierTobis mtkiceba da rogor Znelad ikafavda gzas simarTle
adrec da axlac. Sors rom ar wavideT, amis magaliTad marTlmadideblur
diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis sakiTxic kmara. an rogor avxsnaT is.
8
magaliTad faqti, rom 381 wels konstantinepolis II msoflio saeklesio krebis
aqtebSi
episkoposTa
warmomadgenlis
xelmowerebidan
iberiis
episkoposis
Cans
amasiis
pantofiles
pontos
monawileoba
eparqiis
an
me-12
s.
bizantili avtoris nilos doqsanopatriusis cnoba, romlis mixedviT 1143 w.
~helspontos amasia, romlis saepiskoposo iyo TviT iberiac~.
nabij-nabij,
sxvadasxva
wyaroebiT
asabuTebs
avtori
dasavleT
da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTianobas, aCvenebs saepiskoposoebis raodenobriv
zrdas
da
Sesabamisad
qristianobis
warmatebebs
saqarTveloSi,
rac
eris
Camoyalibebis aucilebeli pirobaa. wignSi cal-calkea ganxiluli eris iseTi
niSnebi,
rogorc
aris
saerTo
ena,
saerTo
teritoria,
saerTo
kulti,
erTmorwmuneoba, fsiqiuri wyoba, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyveteli
istoriuli da ekonomikuri kavSiri da sxv. yvela am niSans mkvlevari Zalze
adre xedavs qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. jer kidev qarTlis saxelmwifos
Camoyalibebis dros Zv.w. IV-III s.s. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq am monakveTSi
saintereso msjelobaa dasavleT da aRmosavleT teritoriebis erTianobaze,
termin iberiis mniSvnelobaze da sxv. sakiTxebze, Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri
qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb, Tumca kidev erTxel xdeba cxadi, rom
eris Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia da CamoTvlili niSnebis
dadastureba sxvadasxva dros garkveul safuZvels da tendencias qmnis mis
dasaCqareblad.
qarTlSi qristianobis oficialur religiad aRiarebis faqtis TariRad
avtori 317-318 ww. miiCnevs (gaziarebulia v. goilaZis azri), magram am sakiTxze
msjelobisas erTgvari winaaRmdegoba SeiniSneba. mkvlevaris azriT, ~338 wlis
Semdeg qarTvelTa mefes qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT gauWirdeboda.
maSasadame, im
dros
roca
sparseTi
qristianobas
mfarvelobda
da
iberia
iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlebamde), gacilebiT ufro advili iyo
qristianobis miReba. marTlac, diubua de monpesie qarTlis moqcevis TariRad
976 wels miiCnevs~ (gv.65).
gv. 174-ze motanilia, Cans, ~qarTvlis cxovrebis cnoba
imis Sesaxeb,
rogor gamogzavna konstantinem qarTlSi relikviebi - cxovelmyofeli jvris
nawili da ficari, romelzedac daWvaluli iyo uflis fexebi. episkoposma
uflis samsWvalni da ganZi eruSeTSi datova
da wamovida, wundaSi man xuroebi
datova, eklesiis Seneba manglisSi daiwyo da iq uflis ficarni datova.
9
~moqcevai
qarTlisaSi~
piriqiT
aris:
eruSeTSi
datoves
ficarni,
xolo
manglisSi – samsWvali. es cnoba, rogorc Cans, ufro sworia, yovel SemTxvevaSi
werilobiTi
da
zepiri
tradicia
samsWvals
swored
manglisis
taZarTan
akavSirebs. gv. 176-ze avtori exeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli anbaniT
Caiwera
ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi versia da arCevs kompromisul gzas. misi
varaudiT, salome ujarmelma an qarTuli an berZnuli an kidev arameuli
anbaniT isargebla. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom problema qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas
exeba, aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia.
gamokvlevis
TiToeul
monakveTs
win
uZRvis
Sesabamisi
wyaroebis
Sinaarsis gadmocema, romelic zogjer Seicavs anaqronizmebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi
sasurvelia gakeTdes SeniSvna, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis dros yivCaRebis
moxseniebis dros (gv. 186).
damajerebelia avtoris varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti vaxtangsa
da
mTavarepiskoposs
miqaels
Soris
socialur
niadagze
moxda.
magram
gamokvlevebSi araferia naTqvami bizantiaSi gamocemuli henotikonis Sesaxeb an
imaze, moaxdina Tu ara aman raime gavlena qarTlis sasuliero orientaciaze.
ufro Rrma dasabuTebas moiTxovs, albaT, naSromSi gamoTqmuli varaudi,
rom herebis mSobliuri ena qarTuli enis erT-erTi dialeqti iyo, miTumetes,
rom aqve naTqvamia, rom hereTis ena daRestnur enebs enaTesaveboda (gv. 209).
qronologiur
gavrcelebuli
gamijvnas
yofila
iranuli
moiTxovs,
da
albaT
Turquli
dakvirveba,
enebi.
agreTve
rom
aq
somxuric.
konteqstebidan naTeli ar aris, ras exeba cnoba – daRestans Tu hereTs. garda
amisa, dasazustebelia Turqulis sakiTxi, misi kvali kavkasiaSi SedarebiT gvian
Cndeba, magram am sakiTxze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa.
damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VIIs. damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos
~zRvispireTi uSualod bizantiis saxelmwifos SeuerTa, ris gamoc dasavleT
saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. konstantinepolis
sapatriarqom – miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, erTi mxriv, imas, rom elinizacia
swored herakles wlebs ukavSirdeba, rom berZnuli ena mis dros saxelmwifos
oficialuri
ena
xdeba,
xolo,
meore
mxriv,
eklesiis
gavlenis
zrdis
sazogadoebriv urTierTobaze. magram aqve motanilia cnoba, TiTqos qarTlis
mmarTvelma mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da keisars Txovna gaugzavna erovnuli
teritoriebis ukan dabrunebaze. magram ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro.
10
gv. 235-ze avtori exeba 1045-49 ww. Tbilisis gadacemis sakiTxs qarTveli
mefisaTvis. misi azriT, Tbilisis mmarTveloba xelSi auRiaT Tbilisel berebs.
qarTvel sasuliero pirebs. qarTul istoriografiaSi
araerTxel gamoiTqva
mosazreba am sakiTxze. miCneulia, rom Tbileli berni an igive Tbileli
uxucesni arian vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fena. gasaTvaliswinebelia, albaT, is
faqti, rom Tbilisi am dros muslimur dinastiis xelSia.
kavSiri saxelmwifosa da saeklesio mTavrobas Soris an eklesiisaTvis
imunitetis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs Teokratuli saxelmwifos Seqmnas.
marTalia,
mkvlevari
Tavis
mosazrebas,
rom
daviTis
dros
~Camoyalibda
Teokratulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240) asabuTebs, magram am azris
gaziareba misi argumentaciis gaTvaliswinebiT Znelia.
aqve gamoTqmulia
varaudi, rom ruis-urbnisis krebaze eklesiam mefes
kaxeT-hereTi gadasca, amitomac uwodebs am krebis Zeglis wera
mas ~ranTa da
kaxTa~ mefes. ufro logikuri iqneboda varaudi, rom kaxeTi-hereTis SemoerTeba
1103 w. win uswrebda ruis-urbnisis krebas.
erTgvari gazviadebaa da dasazustebelia 249-ze naTqvami, rom ~Tamari
ukve sruliad saqarTvelos mefe gaxda. es saqarTvelo ki faqtiurad mTel
kavkasias moicavda~.
gv. 252-253-ze mkvlevari xedavs erTgvar kavSirs aTabagobis institutis
SemoRebasa
da
saqarTvelos
dasustebas
Soris.
saqarTvelos
dasustebis
mizezebi am dros bevrad ufro Rrmaa.
araerTxel gvxvdeba aq termini aminspasalari, rac uzustobaa. unda iyos
amirspasalari romelic arabuli da sparsuli sityvebisagan Sedgeba – amir,
sipap, sardar.
monRolebis da qarTvelebis dazavebis TariRad miTiTebulia 1242 weli.
swori TariRia 1243 (gv. 262) tradiciisamebr, daviT laSas Ze ulud ixsenieba
(gv. 264), rac agreTve uzustobaa.
a.w. ~aswlovan matianeze~ dayrdnobiT mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom samcxis
mTavris ojaxi didad RmrTismoSiSi iyo, gasaocar pativs scemda samRvdeloebas,
saepiskoposoebs, monazvnebs (gv. 275). erTgvarad SeumCneveli darCa is faqti, rom
me-14 s. anonimi, romelic warmoSobiT samcxedan aris, separatistia, miuxedavad
imisa,
rom
loialoba
kargi
istorikosia.
monRolebis
mimarT,
aqedan
momdinareobs,
romelTac
11
samcxes
sxvaTa
Soris,
saqarTvelos
misi
mefisagan
damoukidebloba
mianiWes,
misi
uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba
samefo
ojaxis
mimarT, gansakuTrebiT demetre II-dmi, samcxis mTavarTa gaidealeba.
naSromSi
aRniSnulia,
saqarTveloSi (gv. 271)
TiTqos
Temur-lengma
Camoasaxla
osebi
amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro. ramdenadac viciT,
am cnobis wyaro ar arsebobs, Tumca Temur-lengis Semdeg migraciuli talRa
CrdiloeTidan marTlac mosalodnelia.
gv. 299-ze miTiTebulia iran-osmaleTis zavis TariRi – 1588. unda iyos 1590.
wignSi
damajereblad
aris
axsnili,
Tu
ratom
iyo
saqarTveloSi
marTlmadidebloba ase miuRebeli dampyroblebisaTvis gvian Sua saukuneebSi.
axsnilia, Tu rogor iwvevda marTlmdideblobis dakargva, denacionalizacias
da
zogierT
SemTxvevaSi
teritoriis
dakargvasac.
naCvenebia
saqarTvelos
eklesiis roli erovnebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da sxva.
zedmiwevniT obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli urTierToba TurqeT-iranTan da
gansakuTrebiT ruseTTan. zedmetad
romelic qarTlSi
mkacrad meCveneba mefe rostomis Sefaseba,
1633 wels gamefda da ara 1632 wels, rogorc es wignSia
miTiTebuli. avtoric marTalia, rodesac SeniSnavs, rom ~rostomis droidan
sparselTa TvalsazrisiT qarTli miiCneoda iranis qveSevrdom qveynad, rostomi
sparsel valad (da ara valad, rogorc es naSromSia), iranis Sahis moxeled~,
magram
isic
faqtia,
rom
qarTli
da
kaxeTi
rostomis
dros
sparsTagan
dapyrobili qveyanaa, sadac gauqmebulia mefoba.
g. JorJoliani, romelic specialurad ikvlevs am xanas, aRniSnavs, rom
30-50-ian
ww.
mahmadianobas
qarTlSi
sakmaod
aramyari
mdgomareoba
hqonda.
gamahmadianebuli mefe rostomi araviTar RonisZiebas ar mimarTavda meCeTebis
mSeneblobis mizniT. qveyanas SerCa sarwmunoeba da qarTuli enac. is, rom
rostomi sparsebis sasurvel politikas ar atarebda, gamoCnda imiTac, rom mas
CamoerTva kaxeTis gamgebloba.
mTlad
obieqturad
ar
mimaCnia
farsadan
gorgijaniZis
moRvaweobis
Sefasebac.
farsadan
ganviTarebis
gorgijaniZes
saqmeSi.
man
didi
wvlili
monawileoba
miiRo
miuZRvis
Sah-names
qarTuli
qarTuli
kulturis
Sesabamis
gadawerasa Tu galeqsva-redaqtirebaSi. manve Seadgina qarTul-arabul-sparsuli
leqsikoni, qarTul enaze Targmna zogierTi aRmosavluri Txzuleba da, maT
12
Soris, ~tami-abasi – musulmanTa sasjulo wigni da kanoni~ da sxv. magram misi
ZiriTadi damsaxureba saqarTvelos istoriis Seqmnaa didi xnis intervalis Semdeg.
Semdeg farsadan gorgijaniZe iyo is pirveli istorikosi, romelmac iranSi,
qarTul
enaze
dawera
saqarTvelos
istoria
uZvelesi
dasasrulamde. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis
xanidan
me-17
s.
ukanaskneli monakveTi –
me-16-17 ss. movlenebi, risTvisac man araerTi ucnobi, ZiriTadad sparsuli wyaroebi
gamoiyena da Seavso isini. TviTmxilvelTa cnobebiT da sakuTari TvaliT nanaxiT.
misi es Txzuleba safuZvlad daedo Semdgomi xanis qarTul saistorio Zeglebs.
Teimuraz II da erkle II-is damsaxurebaze saubrisas meti yuradReba unda
miqceoda, albT, saerTaSoriso viTarebas. nadirSahis droindeli sparseTi aRar
hgavda Sah-abasis Seqmnil da mis mier datovebul saxelmwifos. dapyrobili
avRanelebisagan da damarcxebuli TurqTagan is TviTon moiTxovda mokavSireebs.
swored mokavSireobisaTvis jildod mieRoT mama-Svils qristianuli wesiT
kurTxevis ufleba. Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT pirad damsaxurebasac. gv. 332ze naTqvamia, rom sparselebma RalatiT mokles giorgi XI. giorgi XI mokles
avRanelebma. amitom motanili winadadeba erTgvar dazustebas moiTxovs.
naSromSi sakmao adgili eTmoba qarTvelebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis
mizezebs. magram imis gamo, rom avtori Semdeg sxvadasxva argumentiT cdilobs
daamtkicos,
rom
kaTolikoba
ar
miuRiaT
s.-s.
orbelians
an
mag.
anton
kaTolikoss da ar moyavs kaTolikobis miRebis arcerTi konkretuli magaliTi,
mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis grZnoba gauCndeba. naSromSi gakvriT ixsenieba
da
vfiqrob,
ufro
metis
Tqma
SeiZleba
me-18-19
ss.
Seqmnili
komisiebis
saqmianobaze, romelTac kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRdgena evalebodaT da sadac
qarTvelebis wvlili Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo.
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, wigni tevadia SinaarsiT, Zalze didia Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT
da
erT
recenziaSi
SeuZlebelia
misi
amomwuravi
Sefaseba.
darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelos istorias da qarTuli eklesiis mkvlevarebi mas
araerTxel daubrundebian da ara marto ikamaTeben aq warmodgenil sakiTxebze,
aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi maT gaiziareben da gaiTvaliswineben.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe, raTa
mieniWos anania jafariZes istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
g. alasania
13
mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents
qalbaton giuli alasanias
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents. istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtors, profesor giuli alasanias maRali SefasebisaTvis Cemi naSromisa,
rom ~igi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvlevaa da igi
qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs, romelic drodadro
aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad~. me arc movelodi Cemi mcire
Sromis aseT did Sefasebas. mTlianad veTamxmebi qalbaton giulis, rom Cems
warmodgenil disertacias gaaCnia ramdenime mizani:
1.
daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes sarwmunoeba da ganamtkicos
mrevli am rwmenaSi;
2.
gauRvivos
mkiTxvels
siamayis
grZnoba
qveynisa
da
eris
Rirseuli
warsuli gamo;
3.
aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi, am fonze
warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria, misi mniSvneloba eris warsulsa da awmyoSi.
qalbatoni giuli brZanebs, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia,
mesames igi, viTarca oponenti, ixilavs ufro detalurad.
1.
qalbatoni giulis ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,
kerZod
ki
dakavSirebiT
miuTiTebs
sqolioebis
mogaxsenebT,
rom
ar
arsebobis
radganac
Sesaxeb.
sadisertacio
am
sakiTxTan
naSromi
daibeWda
sapatriarqos mTavar beWvdiT organoSi, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendarSi
(1998), romelic ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da
morwmuneTaTvis, amitomac teqsti gasagebi da advilad sakiTxavi unda yofiliyo.
sqolios nacvlad wyaroebi da literatura miTiTebul iqna teqstSive imis
gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom am gamocemis
TiTqmis paralelurad gamomcemloba
meranma dabeWda aRniSnuli naSromis vrceli, ufro srulyofili varianti or
tomad,
romelSic
wyaroebi
da
literatura
mravlad
aris
miTiTebuli
sqolioebSi.
2.
qalbatoni
giulis
TvalsazrisiT,
marTalia,
naSromSi
gadmocemulia
periodizacia, magram periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani
principi. mis amosavals xan istoriuli movlena, xanac sakuTriv eklesiis
cxovrebaSi momxdari movlena warmoadgens. kerZod, daisva kiTxva, Tu ratom
14
aris miCneuli mijnad VI saukune, ratom miiCneva e.w. eklesiis oqros xanis
dasasrulad XIV saukunis damdegi, ratom ar aris gamoyofili calke 1917-21
wlebi.
am
sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT
miviCnevT,
rom
VI
saukune
WeSmaritad
gardamtexi momentia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi. jer kidev adre simon
janaSia werda, rom ~VI saukune namdvilad istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~ (s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia
saqarTveloSi, I. gv.1). IV saukunis dasawyisis ambebis Semdeg simon janaSias VI
saukune
umniSvnelovanes
gamarjvebis
gamo.
momentad
iranelTa
miaCnda
xelSewyobiT
axali
politikuri
~moaklda
mefoba
wyobis
SvilTa
gorgaslisaTa da miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa~ (sumbat
daviTis Ze).
saeklesio
cxovrebaSic
udidesi
cvlileba
moxda.
saxelmwifoebrivi
mzrunvelobiT IV-V saukuneebSi ayvavebuli qarTuli eklesia mniSvnelovnad
daemcro
VI
s-Si,
kerZod,
iraneli
dampyroblebi
Seecadnen
amierkavkasiis
eklesiaTa Soris hegemoni eklesiis roli mieniWebinaT somxuri eklesiisaTvis.
mizezi amisa iyo is, rom swored VI saukuneSi gamoikveTa somxuri eklesiis
midrekileba
monofizituri
sarwmunoebisadmi,
romelic
waxalisebuli
iranis mier, rogorc antibizantiuri aRmsarebloba. amave
dros
iyo
qarTvelma
eklesiam daicva marTlmadidebloba da, miuxedavad iranelTa mxridan didi
devnisa, mxari dauWira qalkedonitobas, es TandaTan gamoikveTa VI saukunis Sua
wlebidan. amis gamo qarTuli eklesia iqca devnis obieqtad, dampyroblebi
Seecadnen misi iurisdiqciisa da gavlenis sazRvrebis Semcirebas monofizituri
dvinis sakaTalikosos sasargeblod, kerZod, hereTSi, romelic IV-V saukuneebSi
qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi
Sedioda qarTuli saeklesio eniT, VI
saukunis Semdeg dainerga monofizituri aRmsarebloba somxuri eniT, mxolod X
saukuneSi dinara dedoflis dros hereTi daubrunda deda-qarTul eklesias,
msgavsadve,
SeizRuda
VI
saukunidan
qarTuli
qvemo
saeklesio
qarTlSi,
enis
romelsac
uflebebi,
gugarqsac
romlis
nacvlad
uwodeben,
danerges
somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba, romlis amofxvrasac kirion kaTalikosi Seecada
VII saukunis dasawyisSi, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebis dros.
VI
saukuneSi
iranelTa
mcdelobas
ukvalod
ar
Cauvlia.
Tbilisi
iranelTa iseT mZlavr dasayrdenad gadaiqca, rom misi aReba gauWirda herakle
15
keisars. herekles mier VIIs-Si ganxorcielebuli teritoriul-administraciuli
RonisZiebebi swored VI saukuneSi momxdari cvlilebebiT
amitom
VI
saukunem
Tavisi
asaxva
hpova
saqarTvelos
igi gamowveuli.
eklesiis
istoriis
periodizaciaSi.
3.
rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis egreT wodebuli oqros xanis dasasrulis
mijnad
XIV
marTalia,
saukunis
qveyana
dasawyisis
XIII
miCnevas
saukunis
20-iani
periodizaciis
wlebidan
dros, vupasuxebT:
ganicdida
agresorTa
Tavdasxmebs, magram, amis miuxedavad, am dros, XIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia
kvlav YTavis siZlieris zenitSi idga, rac misi mTlianobiT gamoixateboda. XIV
saukunidan gamoikveTa is tendenciebi, ramac XV s.
70-ian wlebSi ganapiroba
antioqieli patriarqis miqaelis mier afxazeTis kaTalikosad ioakimes kurTxeva,
ramac, cxadia, saqarTvelos
Tumca,
aRsaniSnavia
Zveleburadve
darCa,
isic,
eklesiis
rom
viTarca
administraciuli mTlianoba
amis
miuxedavad
qarTuli
eklesiis
afxazeTis
erT-erTi
Searyia.
sakaTalikoso
umTavresi
kera
tradiciuli qarTveli mrevliT, Zvel-qarTuli adaT-wesebiTa da wirva-locvis
qarTuli eniT.
am dros, ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT: ~gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi
sargeblobdnen
saqarTveloSi
antioqiel
ierusalimeli
mokalmase
mRvdelmTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~ (t. III,
1982, gv. 337), ramac gavlena iqonia saeklesio cxovrebaze.
4.
qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad svams kiTxvas, periodizaciis dros ratom
ar gamoiyo calke 1917-21 wlebi. 1917 weli, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani TariRia, magram rac Seexeba
gavlena
ar
mouxdenia
qarTuli
eklesis
1921 wels, mas
TavisTavadobaze.
1921
wels,
saqarTvelos okupaciis da aneqsiis Semdeg, bolSevikebma ver SeZles qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefalia
TavisTavadobis
gauqmeba.
Aamis
mizezi
Semdegi
iyo:
ruseTSi bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma
datova ruseTi da gadavida ucxoeTSi, iq gadaiqca e.w. emigrantul eklesiad.
aman ufleba misca ruseTis mTavrobas, didxans, 1943 wlamde ar ecno ruseTis
saeklesio mmarTveloba, saqarTveloSi ki sxvagvari viTareba iyo. saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma
da wminda sinodma 1921 wels okupaciis dros ar miatova
Tavisi samwyso-qarTveli xalxi da ar gadavida ucxoeTSi, ufro metic, imis
Semdeg rac kaTalikos-patriarqma wminda ambrosi xelaiam 1922 wlis dasawyisSi
16
mimarTa genuis konferencias, bolSevikebma veRar gabedes saqarTvelos eklesiis
xelaRebiT daSla da misi gauqmebulad gamocxadeba, Tumca didi survili
hqondaT.
aRniSnulis
gamo
1921
wels
ar
momxdara
cvlileba
saeklesio
struqturisa da igi ar aisaxa saqarTvelos istoriis periodizaciaSi.
5. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom xelovnur STabeWdilebas
tovebs istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da saeklesio avtorebad. radganac
adreul saukuneebSi erTnic da meorenic sasuliero pirebi iyvnen.
SesaZlebelia,
rom
adreul
saukuneebSi
yvela
istorikosi
ar
iyo
sasuliero piri, magaliTad, araviTari miTiTeba ara gvaqvs, rom juanSeri
sasuliero piri yofiliyos.
6. pativcemuli oponentis azriT, erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa Cems
mier Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad basili ezosmoZRvris miCneva.
basili
ezosmoZRvari
miCneulia
Tamaris
erT-erT
istorikosad
iseT
oficialur gamocemaSi, rogoricaa qarTuli enciklopedia, Tumca aRniSnul
sakiTxebSi veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents.
7. qalbatoni
giulis
Semdegi
SeniSvna
Seexeba
qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxs. mociqulTa mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar
unda yofiliyo is, avtokefalurad miiCneva sazogadod eklesiis istorikosTa
mier. magaliTad, SeiZleba davasaxeloT saeklesio kanonebis cnobili mkvlevari
profesori trocki. Tu Cven gvjera saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweoba da maT
mier eklesiis organizeba, maSin misTvis ar unda daviwyoT sadme ucxoeTSi
saeklesio
centris
Zieba,
radganac
pirvelsaukuneTa
saeklesio
praqtikis
Sesabamisad pirveli eklesiebi marTlac avtokefaliebi iyvnen.
saerTod,
avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb
I
aTaswleulSi
bizantiis
imperiaSi
arsebobda Tvalsazrisi, rom avtokefalurad unda CaTvliliyo mxolod da
mxolod
is
Tvalsazrisma
antioqiis
eklesia,
saqarTveloSi
werilobiTi
mociqulis
Tavisi asaxva hpova
patriarqTa
saqarTvelos
romelic
mimarT
avtokefalias
ar
wyaros
giorgi
1056-1057
eWvqveS
uqadagnia
arc
moSveliebiT
mier
mTawmindelis
wlebSi.
ayenebdnen
erT
iyo
daamtkica,
rom
am
cnobil pasuxebSi
ucxoeli
swored
mociquls.
daarsebuli.
im
Ggiorgi
patriarqebi
mizeziT,
rom
mTawmindelma
mociqulebma
namdvilad
iqadages saqarTveloSi, es ki ukve TavisTavad niSnavda qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaluri
arsebobis
ueWvelobas:
17
giorgi
mTawmindeli
paeqrobidan
gamarjvebuli gamovida, radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daukavSira
saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa
mier
eklesiis
dafuZnebas.
iqve
man
ueWvelad
daasabuTa, rom Semdgomac, magaliTad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia ara
marto avtokefaluri iyo, aramed guTeTis episkopos ioanesac ki daasxa xeli
misma meTaurma.
pativcemuli oponenti brZanebs, rom arsebobs XII saukunis avtoris cnoba,
TiTqosda 1143 wlisaTvis helespontos amisiis saepiskoposo iyo iberia, rac,
cxadia, eWvqveS ayenebs Cveni eklesiis avtokefalias. uTvalavi dokumenti da
wyaro arsebobs XII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli cnoba ar unda davukavSiroT saqarTvelos eklesias. jer kidev
kaTalikos-patriarqi
kirion
II
msgavs
cnobebs
ukavSirebda
iberiis
Tems,
romelic arsebobda bizantiis imperiaSi. rogorc cnobilia, iberiis Temi, anu
iberiis sakatepano Seiqmna keisar basili II-is dros, masSi qarTul miwebTan
erTad Siraqis samefoc moeqca qalaq anisiT. am iberiis TemSi samwyso, Cans,
dayofili iyo sxvadasxva
iurisdiqciis mixedviT. TviT anisSic qarTuli
episkoposi ijda, iberiis TemSi qarTulTan erTad, cxadia, arsebobda somxuri
saepiskoposoebic, cxadia iyo berZnuli saepiskoposoebic. unda vifiqroT, rom
XII saukunis aRniSnuli cnoba Seexeba iberiis Temis im berZnul saepiskoposos,
romelic helespontos amasias eqvemdebareboda.
rac Seexeba cnobas 381 wlis II msoflio krebis
aqtebSi amasias pontos
eparqiis warmomadgenlis iberiis episkopos pantofiles Sesaxeb, unda iTqvas,
rom radganac qarTulma wyaroebma ar icis aseTi saxelis mqone episkoposi, igi
ar unda yofiliyo qarTlis episkoposi, Tumca veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,
rom am mxriv kvleva unda gagrZeldes.
8. qalbatoni giuli eris Cemeul SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT brZanebs, rom
Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb.
pirvelsaukuneTa ganxilvis dros sityva
~erSi~ me ar vgulisxmob eris
Tanamedrove gagebas, aramed Cemi TvalsazrisiT, esaa xalxi, romelsac ukve
sakuTari qarTvelobis TviTSegneba aqvs.
farnavazis droindeli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli TviTSegneba
mematianis TvalsazrisiT imdenad mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli, rom egrisis
mmarTveli quji ucxadebs mcxeTeli mamasaxlisis memkvidre farnavazs - ~Sen xar
Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufali~.
18
anda kidev ufro meti – quji ambobs - ~gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin
ganixaron yovelTa qarTvelTa~. Eegrisis erisTavis azriT, TviTon
igi masTan
erTad egriselebic ~yovelTa qarTvelTa~ erTi nawilia. Mmsgavsi Sexedulebaa
daculi vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSic. Aam mefis siymawvilisas berZnebma mis
samefos CamoaWres teritoria egriswylidan vidre cixe-gojamde. Eegrisis am
teritoriis
dakargvas,
mematianes
sityviT,
iglovebda
~yoveli
qarTveli~.
avtori wers: ~berZenTa daipyres egriswyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde, maSin iqmna
glova da wuxili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodes: ~ganmavravleT codva RvTisa
mimarT... migvcna Cven wartyvevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari
berZenTagan... ese... iqmna... erisa codvaTagan... winamRvrebiTa jvarisaTa ... viZioT
Cven Suri... vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan~ (q.c. I, gv 146), amnairad
aSkaraa, rom
egriselebs TavianTi Tavi qarTvelebad miaCniaT, egrisis erTi
nawilis dakargvas mTeli qarTveli xalxi ganicdis V saukunis dasawyisSi da
miiCnevs, rom am teritoriis dakargva moxda ~eris codvaTa~ gamo. romel xalxs
gulisxmobs
mematiane
mis
mier
moxmobil
sityvaTa
~erSi?~
cxadia,
mTel
qarTvel xalxs, maT Soris egriselebs upirvelesad, romelnic ~warityvevna
ucxo
naTesavTa
egrisiTgan
mier~.
vidre
Aaqedan
Cans,
rom
somxeT-albaneTamde
mematianis
mcxovreb
azriT
xalxs
V
saukuneSi
hqonda
Tavisi
qarTvelobis erovnuli TviTSegneba.
msgavsi suraTi aqvs daxatuli arsen bersac, wminda ninos cxovrebis
erTerT
redaqtors.
eyrdnoba,
aseTia:
aRmosavleT
Mmisi
arian
cnoba,
romelic,
cxadia,
~moqcevai
-
qarTlidan
Camosaxlebuli
saqarTveloSi
gansaxlda,
aramed
xalxi
dasavleT
qarTlisais~
ara
marto
saqarTveloSic,
egrisSic. arsenis azriT, qveynis orive nawilSi erTi xalxi cxovrobs. maT
aerTianebT ara marto eTnikuri erTianoba, aramed enobrivic. arseni wers: ~Cven,
qarTvelebi, Svilni varT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~ (Zv.
qarT agiogr. lit. Zegl. III, gv. 47). esaa ena
xalxisa, romelic egriswylidan
albaneTamde damkvidrda.
cxadia, Cven SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT arsen bers ~arian qarTlidan~
qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria
Zveli
qarTveli
somxeTamde
meistories
cxovrobs
erTi
Tvalsazrisi,
xalxi,
erTi
saxelmwifo saeklesio eniT.
19
rom
saerTo
egriswylidan
saxalxo,
albaneT-
saliteraturo,
9.
qalbatoni
giulis
Semdegi
SeniSvna
Seexeba
tradicias qristes samsWvalTa manglisis taZarSi
werilobiT
da
zepir
dacvis Sesaxeb. am SeniSvnas
mTlianad viziareb, magram, albaT, wyaroTa cnobebis sxvadasxvaoba ferxTa
ficrisa da samsWvalTa adgilsamyofelis
Sesaxeb gamowveulia imiT, rom es
siwmindeebi VII saukuneSi herakle keisarma gaitana saqarTvelodan. mematiane
wers - ~erekle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da eruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da
samsWualni
uflisa
Cuenisa
iesos
qristesni,
romeli
mocemul
iyvnes
konstantinesagan mirianisada~ (q.c. I, gv. 228), Semdgom saukuneebSi qarTvelebma
daibrunes es siwmindeebi, da Cans, amis Semdeg manglisSi daasvenes ~samsWvalni
uflisani~, rogorc samarTlianadac SeniSnavs qalbatoni giuli, Tumca sxva
cnobebiT aq ~ferxTa ficarni~ esvena.
10. pativcemuli oponenti Cemi mosazrebis Sesaxeb, rom wmida ninos naambobis
Cawerisas salome ujarmels unda esargebla ~an qarTuli, an berZnuli an kidev
arabuli anbaniT~ - wers, ~aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia~.
es sakiTxi me vrclad maqvs ganxiluli Cemi eklesiis istoriis I tomSi,
saeklesio tradicia mxars uWers qarTuli mwignobrobis farnavazis epoqaSi
Camoyalibebis
Teorias,
rac,
cxadia,
anbansac
Seexeba.
safiqrebelia,
rom,
rogorc Teimuraz batoniSvili wers, qurumTawreSi dafarulad arsebuli anbani
qristianobis
sarwmunoebad
aRiarebis
Semdeg
reformirebul
iqna
da
igi
gamoiyenes qarTuli eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis.
11. qalbatoni giuli marTalia, roca brZanebs, rom wyaroTa Sinaars zogjer
gadmovcem mTlianad, SeniSvnebis gareSe, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels gavacno
saistorio Txzulebis erTiani Sinaarsi, magram momdevno paragrafSi wyaroebSi
arsebuli anaqronizmebis Sesaxeb gamovTqvam kritikul SeniSvnebs.
12. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VII s.
damdegs
heraklem
saxelmwifos,
iurisdiqcia
ris
saqarTvelos
gamoc
~zRvispireTi
dasavleT
ganaxorciela
uSualoT
saqarTvelos
am
konstantinepolis
SeuerTa
nawilze
bizantiis
saeklesio
sapatriarqom,
Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom elinizacia swored herakles ukavSirdeba~. es Sefaseba
CemTvis
SeiZleba
gansakuTrebiT
gavigoT
Zvirfasia,
suraTi
radganac
qarTuli
am
eklesiis
faqtis
aRiarebiT
iurisdiqciis
advilad
aRdgenisa
am
aneqsirebul zRvispira teritoriaze VIII-X saukuneebSi. mematiane VII saukunis
procesebis aRweris dros erTad moixseniebs rogorc am teritoriis aneqsias,
20
ise aRniSnuli siwmindeebis
gatacebas herakle keisris mier, maT erTi wyaro
aqvT, amitomac erTad movixseniebT.
13. pativcemuli oponentis mosazrebiT 1045-49 wlebSi Tbilisis qarTveli
mefisaTvis gadacemisas naxsenebi ~Tbileli berebi~ arian ara sasuliero pirebi,
aramed vaWar-xelosanTa fena.
pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom es Cemi kvlevis areali ar aris. me
veyrdnobi profesor prokofi ratianis mosazrebas, romelic damajereblad
meCvena. moviyvan giorgi III-is dros sadao qalaq anisisaTvis brZolis magaliTs.
anisis
sasuliero
gadacemoda
wodeba
qarTvel
da
mefes.
episkoposi
Aamitom
momxre
giorgi
iyvnen
III-m
didi
imisa,
TanxiT
episkoposis Zma tyveobidan, Semdeg ki igi anisis amirad daniSna
SesaZleblad
migvaCnia,
rom
anisel
sasuliero
rom
pirTa
qalaqi
gamoisyida
(1174-75). Cven
msgavsad
Tbilel
sasuliero pirebsac SeeZloT sadavo dedaqalaqi mefisaTvis gadaecaT.
14.
qalbatoni giuli brZanebs: ~mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis
dros ~Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ asabuTebs,
magram am azris gaziareba misi argumentaciiT Znelia.
cxadia
saxelmwifo
me
ar
vamtkiceb,
Teokratiuli
rom
daviT
saxisa
aRmaSeneblis
iyo,
magram
dros
zogierTi
qarTuli
mkvlevaris
TvalsazrisiT qarTul eklesias gaaCnda garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebi.
ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo,
cxovrebasa
da
eklesias, iseve rogorc romis eklesias
weswyobilebaSi
gansakuTrebuli
upiratesobani
hqonda mopovebuli da miniWebuli, romelTa wyalobiTac mas marto wminda
saeklesio
dawesebulebis
xasiaTi
ki
ar
hqonda,
aramed
saxelmwifoebrivi
sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebic moepoveboda~ (t. VI, 1982, gv.67).
albaT,
erTeulis
rom
Tvisebebi
Taviseburi
(saSinao,
iman,
xasiaTi.
finansTa,
qarTul
moepoveboda,
eklesias
qarTul
daviT
aRmaSenebelma
samxedro)
uSualod
saxelmwifoebrivi
saxelmwifoebriv
ZiriTadi
Caabara
sxeulisa
sistemas
saxelmwifo
eklesiis
ierarqs
da
misca
uwyebani
vazirs
Wyondidel episkoposs, mwignobarTuxucess ekava umaRlesi sasamarTlo-saajo
kari. ivane javaxiSvili wers - ~Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi da vazirTa
upirvelesi faqtiurad mefis moadgile da saxelmwifos mTeli marTva gamgeobis
namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac ~karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki
uwodebs~
(t.
VII,
1984, gv.
113).
Semdgom
21
moxda
ise,
rom
Tamaris
mefobis
dasawyisSi
kaTalikosma
Tanamdebobani
–
miqaelma
Tavis
xelSi
aiRo
zemoT
Wyondidel-mwignobaruxucesoba.
amis
gamo
aRniSnuli
igi,
niko
berZeniSvilis sityviT, ~faqtiuri gamge unda gamxdariyo samefosi~ (n. berZen.
t. IX, 1979, gv. 198). aman ki Searyia mefis
uflebani. ivane javaxiSvili
ganagrZobs: ~miqaels, viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros
vazirTa upirveless, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan TviT
mefezec ki Zala
da
xelisuflba
eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo da
saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba
saxelmwifosa
da
saero
cxovrebaSi
aucileblad
eklesiis
gabatonebas
moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaropapizms udrida da
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~ (t.VII, gv. 115)
aseT viTarebaSi ki safuZveli Caeyara eklesiis ierarqebis saxelmwifo
sistemis meTaurebad gadaqcevis Semdeg, rac daviTis dros moxda. amitomac
vwerdiT, rom
Camoyalibda ara
Teokratiuli, aramed masTan mimsgavsebuli
saxelmwifoebrivi sistema. unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli
iyo
cezaropapizmi,
amitomac
miqael
kaTalikosis
aRniSnuli
mtaceblobis
Sesakaveblad Tamaris dros moiwvies sagangbo saeklesio kreba, romelmac dagmo
miqaelis qmedeba, magram misTvis saxeloebis CamorTmeva ver SeZlo.
15.
aTabagobis institutTan dakavSirebiT veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents,
rom saqarTvelos dasustebis mizezebi bevrad Rrma
iyo. maT Soris, albaT,
erTerTi
Sua
iyo
aTabagis
saxelos
SemoReba,
XII
s.
wlebidan
aSkarad
gamoikveTa maTi separatistuli tendenciebi.
16. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur lengma
Camoasaxla
osebi
saqarTveloSi~,
amasTanave
ar
aris
miTiTebuli
wyaro,
ramdenadac viciT. am cnobis wyaro arc arsebobs~.
pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, is
teritoria, romelsac Semdgom CerqezeTi ewoda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli
yofila osebiT, maT Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers: ~Semdgomad lang-Temurisa emZlvren
ovsTa
iqiT
TaTarxani
da
aqeT
langTemuris
elni
mahmadianni
da
ovsni
Semoiltvodnen kavkasiasa Sina da daipyres kavkasTa naTesavni, romel arian
dualni~ (q.c. IV, gv.655).
22
maSasadame, istorikosis sityviT, osebis ZiriTadi nakadi dvaleTSi Sevida
Temur-lengis Semdgom Crdilokavkasiis baridan maTi gaZevebis Sedegad. dvaleTi
ki mudamJams saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nawili iyo. vaxuStis sityviT, osebma
SeZles damorCilebuli dvalebis gaoseba, Semdgom gaosebuli dvalebi TandaTan
qarTlis mTianeTsa da barSic damkvidrdnen. dvaleTi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan
erTad SeierTa ruseTis imperiam da amitom dvaleTi e.w. nar-mamisonis qvabuli
XIX s.-Sic ki Tbilisis guberniis nawils Seadgenda. mxolod am saukunis 50-ian
wlebSi
CamoaSores
Casaxleba
unda
igi
Tbilisis
gubernias.
amitomac
osebis
dvaleTSi
CaiTvalos maT saqarTveloSi Casaxlebad, romelic Temur-
lengis Semdeg momxdara vaxuStis sityviT.
17.
Semdgomi
SeniSvna
pativcemuli
oponentisa
Seexeba
rostom
mefis
Sefasebis sakiTxs.
aRsaniSnavia,
kulturulad
rom
rostom
gaZlierda,
saqarTvelos eklesia
mefis
qveyana
dros
qarTli
damSvidda,
magram
ekonomikurad
miuxedavad
da
amisa,
rostomis moRvaweobas uaryofiTad afasebda Semdegi
mizezebis gamo. man xeli Seaxo saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis evdemoz
diasamiZes,
Seipyro,
cixeSi
daaxrCobina
da
Semdeg
cixis
koSkidan
gadmoagdebina. es gaugonari ambavi iyo qarTvelTaTvis. kaTalikosi evdemosi
qarTuli eklesiis wmindania Tavdadebuli sarwmunoebis gamo. ufro adre meore
kaTalikoss,
cnobil
sakaTalikoso
taxti.
moRvawes,
magram
zaqarias,
rostomma
ufro
xazgasasmeli
kidev
aseve
daatovebina
momentia
is,
rom
saxelmwifoSi mTavari, upiratesi eklesiis adgili, romelic Cvens eklesias
eWira meoTxe saukunidan – anulirebul iqna rostomis dros. rostomma gaauqma
qarTuli
eklesiis
eklesiebTan
upiratesoba
SedarebiT.
saqarTveloSi
rostomma
pirvelad
arsebul
sxva
aTaswleulis
araerovnul
Semdeg
daamcro
saqarTvelos eklesia, uflebrivad igi gauTanabra sxva, ukve momZlavrebul
eklesiebs.
rostomis
politika
aqac
kompromisuli
iyo,
oRond
qarTuli
eklesiis uflebaTa sazianod. igi, viTarca iraneli moxele, valdebuli iyo
mzrunveloba gamoeCina somxuri eklesiis mimarT, loialuri yofiliyo romis
eklesiis warmomadgenelTa mimarTac da, amasTanave, rogorc qarTveli mefe
valdebuli
iyo
mzrunveloba
(mcxeTis taZris gumbaTis
gamoemJRavnebina
qarTuli
eklesiis
mimarTac
ageba, sionis restavracia), magram mis dros daikarga
eklesiis mTavari ufleba, qarTuli eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabrda sxva
23
araqarTul
eklesiebs da man dakarga qveyanaSi umTavresi da upirvelesi
eklesiis adgili.
amasTanave, mematianis sityviT, rostomis dros miiRo tyveTa syidvam ukve
Camoyalibebuli saxe. kerZod, Tu ki iqamde, mahmadianTa moTxovniT qarTveli
mefeebi maT xarkis saxiT ugzavnidnen araqarTul tyveebs, axla rostomma
tyveebad ~gamoiyvana qarTvelTa glexTa, aznaurTa, didebulTa asulni da Zeni
da mas gaugzavnida, amieridan daidva ese da yovlni mefeni saqarTvelosani
esreT hyofden, vidre modReindel dRemde~ (q.c. II. gv. 425). mematianis sityviT,
rostomis dros ~mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi eklesiisa, rameTu
arRa
eZieben suliersa, aramed xorcTaTvis zrunvidnen yovelnive~ (gv. 425). Seicvala
erovnuli wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi: ~mas Jamsa iwyo qarTlis wesman da
rigman gardacvaleba~ (gv. 424). mis dros ~gaZlierdnen TaTarni da kadnierebdnen
qarTvelTa zeda~.
ra
Tqma
unda,
didad
dasafasebelma
da
qveynisaTvis
sasargeblo
ekonomikurma aRmavlobam moiTxova vaWar-xelosanTa ricxvis mkveTri gazrda.
imdroindeli
viTarebis
Sesabamisad
es
fena
somxur-monofizituri
aRmsareblobisa unda yofiliyo. qarTvelTa eklesiis uflebaTa SekvecasTan
erTad, albaT, aRniSnulic iyo erTerTi mizezi, imisa, rom TviTmxilvelis
TqmiT, rostomis dros yoveldRiurad mravali qarTveli iRebda monofizitur
sarwmunoebas.
swored ase ganacxada qarTvelma episkoposma nikoloz ColoyaSvilma
rostomis karze sasamarTlo procesis dros, kerZod, man brZana: ~yoveldRe
Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~ (m. TamaraSvili,
istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 127). vaxuStis
istoriis arsebuli 1908 wlis erTi
CanarTis mixedviT am dros Tbilisis mmarTveloba CamoerTva qarTvel SoiS
baraTaSvils da gadaeca somex baadur Tumanians (q.c. IV. gv. 445).
marTalia,
es
ukanasknelic
eTnikuri
warmoSobiT
qarTveli
unda
yofiliyo da mxolod aRmsareblobiT ~somexi~, magram am momentis Semdeg
TbilisSi somxuri eklesiis mrevli Zalze gaizarda, cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis
sazaralod. rac Seexeba meCeTebis mSeneblobas, mematianes sityviT, meCeTebi
auSenebiaT rostomis dros Tbilisis cixeSi, meore augiaT xevis gamoRma, erTic
samefo sasaxleSi da agreTve qalaqis mTavar baRSi. Tumca, albaT, cxadia,
pativiscemas imsaxurebs rostomis moRvaweoba qveynis dasamSvideblad.
24
18. mTlianad veTanxmebi qalbaton giulis Sefasebas farsadan gorgijaniZis
didi Rvawlis Sesaxeb. me misi moxsenieba damWirda mxolod epoqis suraTis
dasaxatavad da gavimeore ivane javaxiSvilis sityvebi mis Sesaxeb: ~swored
ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi imdroindel
saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa ricxvs ekuTvnoda rostom mefis
maxlobeli
kaci,
istorikosi
farsadan
gorgijaniZe,
maxinjaT
hqoniaT
dazepirebuli... vaxtang gorgasali mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi
Secdoma ar aris, avtori sruliad darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe
vaxtang
gorgasalis
mama
iyo.
aseT
maRalxarisxovan
da
mefis
maxlobel
moxeles da istorikoss, rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT
hqonia areuli samSoblo qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali... maSin danarCens
xalxs Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis patrons, raRa warmodgena
unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia araferi (t. VIII, gv. 289).
rogorc
dasaxatad,
aRvniSne,
romelzec
aRniSnulis
ufro
gadmocema
gamoCndeboda
mesaWiroeboda
rostomis
im
momdevno
fonis
qarTlis
mmarTvel muxranel bagrationTa didi mamuliSviloba da samecniero muSaoba,
me vgulisxmob giorgi XI-s, arCil mefes, vaxtang VI-s, anton kaTalikoss,
vaxuStisa da am saxelovani ojaxis sxva wevrebs, am ojaxTan daaxloebul pirTa
gasaocar mamuliSvilobasa, Rvawlsa da codnas, romelTa wreSic warmoiSva
idea saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~.
sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom mTlianad viziareb qalbaton giulis im
SeniSvnebs,
romelTac
amJamad
ar
vpasuxob,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mosazrebebs
TariRebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu xelmeored gamoicema aRniSnuli wigni aRniSnuli
SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi ufro daxvewil saxes miiRebs.
uRrmesad
vmadlob
da
vlocav
Zvirfas
qalbaton
giulis
SromisaTvis, romelic gawia Cemi naSromis gansaxilvelad. gmadlobT.
25
im
didi
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII_XVIII ss.)~
saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos
wminda
sinodis
wevri,
walka-manglisis
eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali monografiis
avtoria.
mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawesa da saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis
mkvlevars, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli da samecniero sazogadoeba.
anania jafariZis
mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
naSromi mis mier Sesrulebuli uzarmazari
gamokvlevis (romlis ori tomi
gamoqveynda 1996, 1998 wlebSi) mokle variantia. amTaviTve minda aRvniSno, rom
mTavarepiskopos
warmodgenili
anania
jafariZis
naSromi,
mier
Sinaarsis
samecniero
xarisxis
mravalferovnebiT,
mosapoveblad
ganxilul
sakiTxTa
nusxiT, rac mTavaria moculobiT (igi 320 nabeWd gverds moicavs), bevrad
aRemateba
saatestacio
debulebiT
sakandidato
xarisxis
mosapoveblad
gaTvaliswinebuli naSromis raodenobas. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriis
aseTi
vrceli
da
yovlismomcveli
gamokvleva
qarTul
istoriografiaSi pirvelad Seiqmna da am metad saintereso naSromis avtori,
rogorc
iTqva,
sasuliero
piria.
es
imas
niSnavs,
rom
saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi arian kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is tradicia,
roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli monografiebis
avtorebad gvevlinebodnen. sakvalifikacio naSromi mravalricxovan
wyarosa
dasmuli
da
da
samecniero
ganxiluli
literaturaze
sakiTxebi
dayrdnobiTaa
meufe
ananias
Sesrulebuli.
saqarTvelos
Semadgenel nawilebad miaCnia. rogorc igi wers: ~qarTveli
gaviziarebT
qarTuli
eklesiis
monawileobis
saistorio
gareSe
masSi
istoriis
eris istorias ver
da
piriqiT,
istoria
qarTuli eklesiisa aris istoria qarTveli qristiani erisa.
marTalia, - dasZens meufe anania, - qarTvel xalxs erovnuli erTianobis
Segneba ukve qristianobamde didi xniT adre hqonda, magram imis Semdeg, rac
yovelma qarTvelma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo da Seiyvara, eris istoria
qarTuli eklesiis gareSe warmoudgenelia~ (gv. 287).
saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis
aRdgenis
Semdeg,
rogorc
cnobilia,
interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda, aRaraa is
26
viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar
CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs an monografiaTa calkeul Tavebs,
romelTa avtorebi arian: iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, b. lominaZe, z. aleqsiZe
da sxvani, sabWoebis samocdaaTwliani diqtaturis xanaSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis
Sesaxeb
arcerTi
sadisertacio naSromi
monografia
ar
gamocemula.
warmodgenili
ki saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli saukuneebidan dRemde.
masSi dasmuli da gaanalizebuli sakiTxebi saTanado donezea Sesrulebuli.
ase, rom naSromis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza. avtori
Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi
ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul
da ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs saTanado kritikuli
analizisa
da
konkretul
sakiTxTa
Sesaxeb
samecniero
literaturaSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
mier
kvlevisas
yovelive
miRebuli
aRniSnuli
araerTi
daskvna
disertantis
migviTiTebs.
Cvens
winaSea
xelewifeba
saqarTvelos
originaluri
mecnierul
gamobrZmedili
eklesiis
alRoze
da
da
sayuradReboa.
kvlevis
istorikosi-mkvlevari,
araerTi
rTuli
unarze
romelsac
sakiTxi
axleburad
aRiniSna,
qarTuli
warmoaCinos.
qarTuli
eklesiis
saxelmwifoebrivobis
istoria,
istoriis
nawilia
rogorc
da
sadisertacio
naSromSi
saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro
kavSirSi
erT-erT
da mis fonzea gamocemuli. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis
Rirsebad
unda
CaiTvalos.
adreqristianuli
xanidan
moyolebuli
dRemde araa darCenili, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac disertants Tavisi
Tvalsazrisi ara hqondes gamoTqmuli, kvlevis mizani da amocana meufe ananias
ase
aqvs
gansazRvruli:
(sayovelTao)
eklesiis
I.
saqarTvelos
ganuyofel
nawils,
eklesia
amitom
warmoadgens
misi
istoria
msoflio
msoflio
eklesiis istoriasTan kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT. II. miuxedavad imisa, rom
qristianuli eklesiis istoria saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis,
igi saero mecnierebacaa, amitom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria qarTveli eris
istoriis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. III. saero istoriisagan gansxvavebiT
27
eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens.
eklesiis
istorikoss
evaleba
Sekribos
saWiro
faqtebi
da
istoriuli
monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos
nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri
qronologiuri TanmidevrobiT gadmosces (gv. 107-108).
dRemde,
rogorc
cnobilia,
ar
iyo
Seqmnili
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoria uZvelesi xanidan Cvens dromde, amitom, cxadia, misi periodizaciiT arc
aravin dainteresebula. sadisertacio naSromSi am mxriv pirveli
gadadgmuli.
meufe ananias
Tanaxmad, msoflio eklesiis
nabijia
msgavsad qarTuli
eklesiis istoriac sam – Zvel, Sua da axal periodebad unda daiyos. pirveli
periodi moicavs xanas I saukunidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde. Sua periodi XI s. 80iani wlebidan XVIII s. bolomde da axali xana XIX s. 10-iani wlebidan dRemde
(gv. 110). TiToeuli periodi, Tavis mxriv, ramdenime qveetapadaa dayofili (gv.
110-113) da disertaciaSi Txroba am periodebis mixedviTaa gadmocemuli (gv. 114
da Semdeg).
axla rac Seexeba naSromis Sinaarss. disertaciis paragrafi ~qarTveli
xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad~ (gv. 159-161) kargi magaliTia imisa,
bibliuri cnobebi rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT saqarTvelos uZvelesi, kerZod,
amierkavkasiasa
da
wina
aziaSi
skviTebisa
da
kimerielebis
Tanadrouli istoriis aRsadgenad. rogorc meufe anania wers,
udidesi
winaswarmetyvelis
ezekielis
piriT
gamoTqmuli
laSqrobis
~Zveli aRTqma
uflis
sityva
qarTvelTa winaprebisac – Tubals, meSeqsa da Togormasac Seexo~.
Zvel ebraelTa erT-erTi winaswarmetyveli ezekieli, rogorc cnobilia,
nabuqodonosor meorem (604-562) 586 wels ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg mraval
ebraelTan erTad babilonSi gadaasaxla. mis winaswarmetyvelebaSi miTiTebulia
momavalSi iudevelTa mtrebis damarcxebis Sesaxeb (qse, t.4, st. ezekieli. avt.
mz.
SaniZe).
meufe
ananias
Tanaxmad,
romelnic
israelze
laSqrobis
gamo
daisajnen (gv. 139).
CrdiloeTis tomebis laSqrobis Sesaxeb ieremia winaswarmetyvelic wers:
~aha
movuxmob
CrdiloeTis
yvela
toms,
ambobs
ufali,
da
avamxedreb
am
qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze (ieremia, 25,9).
am
laSqrobisaTvis,
rogorc
winaswarmetyvelebi
werdnen,
yvela
rom
daisajon, maT Soris qarTvelTa is winaprebi, romlebic samxreTSi cxovrobdnen
28
meufe ananias
Tanaxmad, evsevi kesarielis im cnobidan, romelSic moTxrobilia
nabuqodonosoris mier iberielTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis
Sesaxeb (gv. 141).
Zv. w. VIII s. 30-ian wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, meotidis gziT Semosulma
skviTebma da kimerielebma jer kolxeTis samefo gaanadgures, Semdeg ki wina
aziiis saxelmwifoebs didi ziani miayenes. maTi laSqrobis damangreveli Zala
sul ufro da ufro didi xdeboda, radgan gzadagza damarcxebul xalxebs m.S.
qarTvelTa
winaprebsac
ierTebdnen.
amis
Sesaxeb
qarTul
istoriografiaSi
miTiTebuli iyo (g. meliqiSvilis saq. ist. nark. I, gv. 394), magram bibliaze
dayrdnobiT meufe ananiam es pirvelma gaakeTa. kimerielTa laSqrobaSi
qarTvelTa winaprebic rom monawileobdnen, amis dasturad meufe ananias
motanili aqvs winaswarmetyvel ezekielis sityvebi: ~uTxari, ase ambobda ufali
RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubilis mTavari! gagabruneb da
ybaSi Cangals amogdeb. Togoris saxls CrdiloeTis kideebidan mTeli Tavisi
urdoTi, uricxvi xalxurT SenTan erTad (32,96).
am cnobis Semdeg meufe ananias moaqvs Teodorite kvirilis ganmarteba
~georgikidan~ (t.I, gv. 223), rom ~gog da magog skviTuri tomebia, xolo mosox,
amboben kapadokulebi ariano, Tobil ki iberielebio da
ambobs, isini skviTebTan erTad laSqrobdnen...
winaswarmetyveli
iZulebuli gaxdes monawileoba
mieRoT omSi~.
meufe ananias mier Teodorites cnobis saTanado bibliur monacemebze
dayrdnobiT gamoyenebam axali niuansi SesZina Zv. w. VIII s.
bibliaSi
kargadaa
asaxuli
kimerielTa
laSqrobebSi
qarTvelTa
sadisertacio naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos
mociqulTa
winaprebis Tobalebisa da muSqebis monawileoba.
droindeli
yuradReba
saqarTvelos
ar
eqceoda.
istoriis
I-II
siebSi
gadmocema.
rasac
saqarTvelos
am
bolo
teritoriaze
xanebamde
mociqulTa
mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masala, mas Semdeg
rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis qarTlSi Semosvla
uaryo (im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma avrelio palmierim ar
gaiziara), ase, siRrmiT aravis ukvlevia. ax. w. I-II s-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis
es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda,
yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis
29
kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki saTanado
gaanalizebis Semdeg qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnas Cayenebuli.
swored am mxriv miudga meufe anania saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa Semosvlis
sakiTxs.
saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa
Semosvlis
Sesaxeb,
garda
imisa,
rom
debejiTebiT miuTiTebs qarTuli werilobiTi saistorio tradicia, am faqtis
Sesaxeb garkveuli miTiTebebia Zvel berZen da laTin avtorebTan. amitom kargia,
rom
sadisertacio
warmodgenili.
naSromSi
detaluradaa
es
sakiTxi
farTod
gaangariSebuli
da
amomwuravadaa
saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa
Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali (gv. 148-153).
unda aRvniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi
mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxs me
eWviT vuyurebdi, magram ar SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo meufe ananias mosazrebas,
saqarTveloTi mociqulTa dainteresebas I-II s-ebSi qarTlis samefos siZlieres
rom unda ganepirobebina. meufe anania aCvenebs, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi (I s. 30iani wlebidan II s. 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT) saqarTvelo sididiTa da simZlariT
daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris saqarTvelos Seedreboda (gv. 148-149). swored
aRniSnulis gamo iyoo ~romaeli istorikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi
siamovnebiT rom UuTmobdnen
cxovrebis
TavianT TxzulebebSi adgils iberiis sisxlsavse
aRweras, xolo Sua saukuneTa evropelebi antikuri drois iberias
ukeT rom cnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos~ (gv. 148).
ikvlevs ra istoriuli saqarTvelos
sakiTxs,
meufe
sxvadasxva
anania
dros
askvnis:
saqarTveloSi
teritoriaze mociqulTa Semosvlis
istorikosTa
cnobebi
uqadagiaT
mociqulebs:
gvidastureben,
andrias,
rom
svimons,
mataTas, barTlomes, Tomas da Tadeozs (gv. 153). Semdeg iqve daaskvnis: ~Tormet
mociqulTagan
eqvsi
mociqulis
saqarTveloSi
qadageba
gasaocrad
ar
mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom iberiis saxelmwifo mociqulTa dros mTel
kavkasias da mcire aziis provinciebs moicavda... mcire azia ki qarTvelebiT iyo
dasaxlebulio~ (gv. 153).
marTlac, im vrcel teritorias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sadac Zvelad
qarTveluri
modgmis
tomebi
iyvnen gansaxlebulni,
SeiZleba
meufe ananias
mtkicebaSi eWvi ar Segveparos. magaliTad, andria pirvelwodebuli sulac rom
ar Semosuliyo sakuTriv qarTlis teritoriaze, misi trapizonSi yofna da
qadageba
(gv.
152),
meore
mxriv
ki
Zvel
30
wyaroebSi
trapizonis
~megrelTa
soflad~ da ~megrelTa qveynad~ moxsenieba, srul safuZvels gvaZlevs, andria
qarTvelTa erT-erT ganmanaTleblad miviCnioT. albaT, ase unda mivudgeT sxva
mociqulTa
moRvaweobis
sakiTxsac.
aRniSnulTan
erTad,
simon
kananelis
saflavi Tu axal aTonSi, mataTasi ki gonioSi imyofeba, maSin cxadia, I-II
saukuneebis qarTlis samefo, saerTod qarTulenovani samyaro is mxare yofila,
romelic qristes
ananias
mier
mowafebis sayovelTao interess iwvevda. ase, rom meufe
mociqulTa
Sesaxeb
motanili
masalis
safuZvelze
miRebuli
daskvnebi originaluria, ufro metic, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT meufe anania miznad isaxavs, sxva kidev
ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mociqulTa mier ax.w. I-II s-ebis
saqarTveloSi
qristianobis
danergva
meufe
ananias
safuZvels
aZlevs
mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnios (gv. 154).
naSromSi dasabuTebulia im droisaTvis aseTi gziT warmoqmnili eklesiis
avtokefaluroba da Tanasworuflebianoba.
saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT
mosazrebas avtori XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonistis Teodore balsamonis
komentariT adasturebs.
adreqristianuli
xanis
am
metad
mniSvnelovan
sakiTxs
qvemoT
kidev
Sevexebi. axla ki oriod sityviT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze.
saqarTvelos eklesiis gadmocemisas, ra Tqma unda, vercerTi mkvlevari
gverds ver auvlis adreqristianuli saqarTvelos eklesiis iseT kardinalur
sakiTxs, rogoricaa qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba.
meufe ananiam es sakiTxi ganixila paragrafSi ~gza qristianobisa I saukunidan
wminda ninomde~ (gv. 166-169). saqarTveloSi I s-dan rom qristianoba arsebobda,
meufe ananias mtkicebiT, am mxriv saistorio wyaroTa cnobebiT
gaTxrebiT
mopovebuli
masaliT
dasturdeba.
moqcevis
arqeologiuri
Cemeburi
daTariReba
misaRebad miaCnia.
meufe
anania
kiTxvas
svams:
~romel
wels
Semovida
wminda
nino
saqarTveloSi da gaaqristiana mTeli qarTveli xalxi? es saintereso sakiTxi, dasZens igi, - Zalze damajereblad gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. misi
msjelobis Tanaxmad, wm. nino saqarTveloSi 303 wels Semovida. 317/318 wlebSi
qarTlis samefo karma qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara, xolo 324
wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla. meufe anania iqve ganmartavs, rom qarTlis
moqcevas 317 wliT aTariRebda vaxuSti bagrationi. mis Tvalsazriss iziarebda
31
d. baqraZe da iv. gvaramaZe. xolo p. ioselians, g. sabininsa da r. caamcievs
qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 318 weli miaCniaTo da dasZens: 317/318 wels qarTlSi
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb v. goilaZis msjeloba
Zalze
damajerebelia,
amitom
unda
aRdges
vaxuSti
bagrationis
mier
gamorkveuli TariRi da qarTlis moqceva 317/318 wlebiT daTariRdes, xolo
qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis naTvla 324-326 wlebiT (gv. 169).
naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis
iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa kaTalikosebad qarTvelebis dajdoma.
vaxtang gorgasalsa da qarTlis eklesiis meTauris miqaels Soris momxdari
konfliqtis gaanalizebis Semdeg meufe anania wers: vaxtang gorgasalma ineba,
rom
qarTuli
samamamTavro
eklesia
eklesia.
eklesiisaTvis
kaTalikoss
mowyobiliyo,
e.i.
sayovelTao
petres
dedaqalaqis
episkoposi,
mamamTavari
rogorc
(mcxeTis)
anu
ewodeba,
erTiani
centralizebuli
episkoposi
kaTalikosi
~aqedan
saqarTvelos
gaxda.
iwyes
pirvel
kaTalikosTa
mamamTavrobad~-o, dasZens meufe anania.
naSromis IV TavSi ~qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi~
mravali masalaa
motanili am saukuneSi qarTuli mdgomareobis saCveneblad. saubaria iranelTa
mier qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebaze (gv. 202-206), axsnilia, Tu ratom mfarvelobda
irani monofizitebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, somxur eklesias (gv. 203). ratom iyo
saeklesio ena qarTuli hereTsa, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi (gv. 207215). amave TavSi calke paragrafia ~asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg~
(gv.
6). aRniSnul
asureli
mamebi
paragrafSi meufe
saqarTveloSi,
anania
rogori
wers:
~romel
sarwmunoebivi
wels
Camovidnen
mimarTulebisa
iyo
qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgomareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis
dasasruls?
ai kiTxvebi, romlebic pasuxis gacemas moiTxoven (gv. 219) da pasuxobs,
rom T. Jordania, iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe rusul istoriografiaSi
asurel mamaTa Sesaxeb Seqmnil naSromebze dayrdnobiT, maT Semosvlas 540-iani
wlebiT aTariRebeno (gv. 219).
asureli
mamebidan
erTi
mama
antoni,
marTlac,
544
wels
Semovida
qarTlSi, magram danarCenebze amas ver vityvi. isini qarTlSi Semovidnen ufro
adre, farsman mefis dros 535 wlis xanaSi. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb am bolo xans
gamoqveynda
Cemi
werili
(~saidan
da
32
rodis
movidnen
asureli
mamebi
saqarTveloSi~, ~mnaTobi, 1992 #5-6) da d. merkvilaZis broSura (asurel mamaTa
qarTlSi mosvlis dro, Tb. 1996).
mecxre TavSi - ~qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi~ gaanalizebulia daviT
aRmaSeneblis
xanis saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba, giorgi Wyondidelis
moRvaweoba. aqve
naCvenebia, Tu ras
unda
gamoewvia
legendis
Seqmna
mefe-
mRvdelmTavar ioaneze (gv. 221-225). amave TavSi araerTi saintereso paragrafia.
mag., ~eklesia qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli~ (gv. 233).
masSi aRniSnulia, rom ~saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul
politikur erTeulebs faqtobrivad qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236).
amave
TavSi
mniSvnelovania
ruis-urbnisis
saeklesio
krebisadmi
miZRvnili
paragrafi. meufe ananias daskvniT, 1103 wels moxda ara saxelmwifos mier
eklesiis uprecedento damorCileba, aramed Seikra raRac kavSiri saxelmwifosa
da umaRles saeklesio mTavrobas Soris. Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi
qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240), rom DdaviT aRmaSeneblis dros ~saxelmwifo
mmarTvelobis
sistemas
saTaveSi
Caudga
oTxi
monazoni,
anu
`oTxi
beri~,
romlebic darbazis umaRlesi wevrebi iyvnen. ruis-urbisis krebis Semdeg, dasZens meufe anania, - marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebelma miaRwia imas, rom man
moipova uflebebi eklesiaze (saq. ist. narkvevebi, III, gv. 216), magram, Tavis mxriv,
eklesiam moipova uzenaesi ufleba – emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. maSasadame,
daviT aRmaSenebelma es ori ~xeli~ gaaerTiana~ (iqve, gv. 218).
meufe ananias naSromidan zemomotanili msjeloba, marTlac, imis naTeli
magaliTia, rogorc TviT wers, qarTveli eris istorias qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis gareSe rom ver gaviazrebT.
naSromSi aseve kargadaa gaanalizebuli Tamar mefis xanis saeklesio
cxovreba (gv. 245-212), qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Semdeg saukuneebSi. aq
yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli, Tu erTiani qarTuli monarqiis daSlam rogor
ganapiroba
Temobrivi
Segnebis
aRorZineba
(gv.
303
da
Semdegi),
saubaria
evropuli (kaTolikuri) da rusuli orientaciis da misi kraxis Sesaxeb (gv. 333339), rogor mimdinareobda brZola ~gamoxsnis~ da aRdgomisaTvis~ (gv. 329-332).
naCvenebia, didi kaTolikosis – anton I-is epoqa (gv. 354-356).
saqarTvelos
erTeulebis
teritoriaze
gaerTianebaze
saubrisas
warmoqmnili
meufe
anania,
calkeuli
politikuri
vfiqrob,
samarTlianad
askvnis, rom ~TviT saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur
33
erTeulebs qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236). es daskvna, rogorc vxedavT,
qarTvelTa
erovnuli
erTianobis
Sesaxeb
X
s.
qarTuli
mwerlis
giorgi
merCules mowodebas ~qarTlad friadi qveyana...~ exmaureba da adasturebs.
paragrafSi ~yivCaRTa Camosaxleba~ (gv. 233-240), meufe anania im daskvnamde
midis, rom saqarTveloSi yivCaRebis asimilacia ar momxdara. rogorc am bolo
xans profesorma jemal stefnaZem gaarkvia, yivCaRebi isev Crd. kavkasiaSi unda
gabrunebuliyvnen (ix. misi, sad wavidnen yivCaRebi?, ~mnaTobi~, 1988 #4).
gareSe
ananias
mtrebis
Tavdasxmisagan
qveynis
dasustebis
miuxedavad
meufe
naCvenebi aqvs, rom XIV s. saqarTvelos monastrebSi SemoqmedebiTi
muSaoba grZeldeboda.
am dros Seiqmna originaluri qarTuli Txzulebani – luka ierusalimisa
da
nikoloz
dvalis
martvilobani,
Sedga
krebulebi,
Segrovili
iqna
xelnawerebi (gv. 278).
saqarTvelos eklesia siZlieres inarCunebda XV s-Sic. meufes sityviT,
~maSindel
qveyanas~,
msoflioSi
amis
gaxsnisas
gamo,
saqarTvelos
rom
saqarTvelos
Sesabamisad
ferara-florenciis
warmomadgeneli
konstantinepolis,
warmomadgenelTa
aRmosavleTis
icnobdnen,
Semdeg
patriarqTa
Semdeg
(gv.
dgoma
286).
did
saeklesio
mitropoliti
aleqsandriis,
dasves
rogorc
krebis
sofroni
antioqiisa
msoflio
saqarTvelos
qristianul
da
diptixis
ierusalimis
saeklesio
eklesiis
(1438-45)
krebaSi
siZliereze
miuTiTebs.
deda
eklesiisagan
samcxe-saaTabagos
eklesiis
gamosayofad
(gansakuTrebiT mzeWabukis 1500-1515) mcdeloba, meufe ananias
codva iyo. aTabagTa aseTi mcdelobis gamo mTeli
aTabagTa
Tanaxmad, didi
qarTveli eri dazaralda,
mesxeTis didi nawili CamoSorda deda eklesias. andria mociqulis mier awyuris
eklesiaSi
dasvenebuli
sruliad
saqarTvelos
mfarveli
yovlad
wminda
RmrTismSoblis xati im xanad rom mxolod samcxis mosaxleobis saTemo xatad
iqna miCneuli, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, es im epoqaSi erovnuli erTianobis
grZnobis
dakninebiT
iyo
gamowveuli
(gv.
295).
Temobriobis
aRorZinebam
qarTvelobas safuZveli gamoacala (gv. 317). amitom, meufe ananias daskvniT,
~erovnuli
gadarCenisaTvis,
upirveles
yovlisa,
saWiro
iyo
qristianuli
sarwmunoebis dacva da gaZliereba saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli
eklesiisa~ (gv. 329).
34
aseTi Znelbedobis Jams calkeul saqarTveloebad danawilebuli qveynis
saepiskoposoebi
kvlav
eklesiis istoriaSi
yizilbaSobis
rCebodnen
kulturis
centrebad
(gv.
342),
qarTuli
mniSvnelovan Semobrunebad meufe anania osmalobisa da
Semdeg mcxeTaSi qristianuli wesiT Teimuraz II-is kurTxevas
Tvlis, mxolod sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom sveticxovelSi arsebuli samefo
taxti, romelic mefeTa da kaTalikos-patriarqTa kurTxevisas gamoiyeneboda, XX
s-Si ~restavracias
metad
Seewira~ (gv. 351).
sainteresoa
ganxilulia saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mdgomareoba
naSromis
is
Tavebi
da
paragrafebi,
romelSic
eklesiis istoria XIX-XX saukuneebSi: saqarTvelos
egzarqosebis
xanaSi,
brZola
avtokefaliis
aRdgenisaTvis, avtokefaliis aRdgena da dadastureba da sxva. erTi sityviT,
rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSne, mTavarepiskoposis meufe anania jafariZis mier
istoriis
mecnierebaTa
kandidatis
samecniero
xarisxis
mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromi bevrad (TiTqmis 170 gverdi) aRemateba im moculobas, rac
saatestacio komisiis debulebiT istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenil naSroms moeTxoveba. amitom masSi aRZrul,
gaanalizebul da gadaWril yovel sakiTxze SeCereba da saTanado avkargianobis
Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba Znelia. magram sadisertacio naSromis
Sesaxeb sanam gamosvlas davamTavreb minda kidev erTxel adre qristianuli
xanis saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs davubrunde. gamokvlevis am nawilSi
sainteresoa ~saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa~. aq axsnilia,
ras
niSnavs
~orTodoqsaluri~,
ratom
unda
iwodebodes
~saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebluri eklesia~ ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiad~, ras moicavs
~qarTuli eklesiis samwyso~ (gv. 147-158). V s-Si ~qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebis~ gaanalizebisas meufe ananias mier miRebuli daskvna, rom ~vaxtangis
epoqaSi
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqcia
dasavleT
saqarTvelozec
vrceldeboda (gv. 160). esadageba am cota xnis win am darbazSi samecniero
sesiaze
b-n
daviT
musxeliSvilis
mier
gakeTebuli
moxsenebisas
miRebul
daskvnas. aseve SeiZleboda yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina V-VI s-ebSi qarTuli da
somxuri eklesiebis damokidebulebaze (gv. 212-213), magram amjerad mxolod
qarTuli kulturisaTvis erT metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs Sevexebi.
rogorc iTqva, naSromSi mravladaa iseTi Txroba, romelSic axsnilia
axalSobili iesos mimarT mogvTa Tayvaniscema.
35
saxarebiseuli es epizodi CemSi
gamego,
ram
gamoiwvia
piradad yovelTvis auxsneli iyo da ver
cecxlTayvanismcemelTa
Tayvaniscema,
religiis
zoroastriul msaxurTa – mogvTa axalSobil iesosTan gamocxadeba da a.S.
rogorc saTanado evropul literaturaze (e. svetlov, vestnik carstva
boJia, V, 1972, gv. 363). dayrdnobiT meufe anania aCvenebs, rom israelis gareT
zoroastizmi
msoflios
erTaderTi
religia
yofila,
romelic
icnobda
mesianizms.
israelTa garda mxolod am religiis mimdevrebs swamdaT
momavali
sufeva uflisa da moelodnen am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas.
miiCneva, rom suliwminda im xalxebsac, romlebic biblias ar aRiarebdnen,
amzadebda macxovris misaRebad (svetlovi 375). amitom mxsnelis molodinis gamo
zoroastrizmis
qurumebi
–
mogvebi
pirvelni
mividnen
axalSobil
iesos
Tayvanisacemlad (gv. 144-145).
TiTqmis amave sakiTxs ukavSirdeba da metad sainteresoa, Tu ras unda
niSnavdes ~wigni nebroTisa~.
rogorc ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia, es wigni jer kidev warmarT mefe
mirians hqonda. ~mefeTa cxovrebis~ cnobiT, mirianma masSi ~pova werili esreT
~ukanasknelTa JamTa movides mefe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina da gixsnas
Sen~ (qarT. cx. 1. Ggv. 105).
meufe
anania
abiaTarisagan
wers:
mravaljer
mefe
mirianma
gamoikiTxa
wminda
cnobebi
ninos
mier
~ZvelTa
da
gaqristianebul
axalTa
wignTa~.
(gaqristianebamde abiaTari Zveli aRTqmis, e.i. iudaisturi sarwmunoebis mRvdeli
iyo).
mefe
icnobda,
mirians,
~nebroTis
romelic
wigni~
gaqristianebamde
hqonia.
es
unda
cecxlTayvanismcemlobasac
yofiliyo
ara
Zveli
aRTqmis
apokrifebi, aramed swored zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcveli ~sparsTa
wminda wigni~ avesta, romelsac zogjer iranul bibliasac uwodebdnen. meufe
ananias
aseTi
mosazrebis
dasturad
miaCnia
~qarTlis
cxovrebis~
mariam
dedofliseul variantSi qarTvelTa cxovrebis aRmwerel Txzulebas win uZRvis
msoflio
istoriisadmi
miZRvnili
nakveTi,
romelSic
nebroTi
cecxlTayvanismcemlad da mis erT-erT moZRvradaa gamoyvanili (k. kekeliZe,
qarT. lit. ist. I, gv. 440).
maSasadame, - ganagrZobs meufe anania, - wminda ninos saswaulTa Semdeg
mefe miriani sagangebod gaecno Zveli da axali aRTqmis umTavres ideas da
36
cecxlTayvaniscemluri
sarwmunoebis
ZiriTad
TvalsazrisTan
Seadara.
amis
Semdeg, mematianes sityviT, ~gulisxma yo mefeman mirian, rameTu Zvelni wignni
da axali ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili
qristes sjulisa~ (q. cx. I, gv. 105).
rogorc
gamoTqma
vxedavT,
~Zvelni
wigni
axla
da
gasarkvevia,
axali
ras
ewamvodes~
niSnavs
da
~mefeTa
amas
cxovrebaSi
~nebroTis~
wignic
daamtkicebdao~.
meufe anania masac xsnis. ~ras ewamvodnen~ an ras amtkicebdnen ~Zvelni da
axali wignni? svams kiTxvas da pasuxobs: ~ra Tqma unda, winaswarmetyvelebas
mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb, romelsac ~daamtkicebda~, anu eTamxmeboda ~nebroTis
wigni~, aman sruliad SeZra mefe miriani da xeli Seuwyo mis gaqristianebas.
Semdeg meufe ganagrZobs, samefo ojaxSi ~nebroTis wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb
mogviTxrobs juanSeric, romelic vaxtangs aTqmevinebs: ~mamaTa CuenTa farulad
epyra wigni ese~, amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom III-IVsaukuneebSi qarTveli eris
saukeTeso nawils gagebuli hqonda mesiis mosalodneli mosvlis Sesaxeb~-o (gv.
145-146).
amrigad, meufe ananias daskvniT, ~nebroTis wigni~, rogorc aqamde egonaT,
Zveli aRTqmis apokrifi ki araa, aramed ~sparsTa wminda wigni~ avestaa.
vfiqrob, gamodis, rom mirianis dros samefo ojaxSi iyo misi qarTuli
Targmani. es wigni darCenila samefo ojaxSi da V s-Si vaxtang gogrgasalma
icoda, ~mamaTa CuenTa dafarulad rom epyraT wigni ese ~ - nebroTisa~ (q. cx. I,
gv. 140-142).
ra safuZveli gvaqvs IV s. damdegisaTvis ~nebroTis wignis~ qarTuli
Targmanis arseboba vamtkicoT da ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv Cvens cxovrebaSi?
akad. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar arsebobda qarTulad, igi
ar Senaxula arc sxva romelime enaze da, rogorc gairkva, is ar arsebobda (ix.
misi dasax. naSr. gv. 441, gv. 438). sinamdvileSi nebroTis
- dasZens
igi, -
javaxiSvilis
safuZvlad daedo apografi
Tanaxmad,
warmoadgens
wignis Sesaxeb cnobas,
fsevdoefremisa, romelic iv.
Txzulebis,
ganZTa
qvabis
erT-erTi
redaqciis, Targmans (iqve gv. 438).
es
apokrifi,
macxovarzedacaa
-
ganagrZobs
laparaki
da
b-i
nebroTis
korneli,
-
gmirobazec,
romelSic
m.
mesiaze
janaSvils
an
miaCnda
nebroTis wignad. magram es Secdomaa, dasaxelebuli apokrifi araa nebroTis
37
wigni,
vinaidan
is
TviTon
uCvenebs
nebroTis
wyaros.
romelsac
amnairad
axasiaTebs: ~xolo igi wigni, romelic iswava nebroT ianitan grZneulisagan, ara
Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, amisTvis, rameTu varskvlavTricxuaT ars,
aramed
sparsni
uwodeben
Rirsad
wmindad,
xolo
brZenni
uwodeben
varskvlavTricxuad wignsa mas, xolo mogueni fed saxelsdeben, romel ars
wigni sityvsa: ese ars wigni grZnebisa da moZRuebai eSmakisTa sibilwisai, da
umecarni iyvan, viTarmed WeSmaritad ariso, xolo ars kari grZnebisa da
Seginebisa~ (k. kekeliZe, gv. 439).
amrigad, ~nebroTis wigns~
Tu ~sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmidada~, xolo
~moguni fed saxeldeben~, Tanac ~nebroTis wigni~ mTel da axal aRTqmas mesiis
mosvlis sakiTxSi eTanxmeboda, maSin marTali
brZandeba meufe anania da
~nebroTis wignis~ saxiT mirianis drois qarTlis samefoSi avestis (ufro
swored misi raRac nawili an komentarebi) qarTuli Targmani unda hqonebodaT.
amitom b-ni k. kekeliZis kategoriuli mtkiceba ~araviTari nebroTis wigni ar
arsebobda arc qarTul, arc sxva romelime enaze, Tqmuleba nebroTis wignis
Sesaxeb SeTxzulia. leonti mrovelis miero~ (gv. 440, 441), gadasinjvas moiTxovs.
meufe ananias zemomotanili daskvnis dasturad minda davZino: ~zoroastrizms
swamda momavali sufeva uflisa da moeloda am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis
mosvlas~, ris gamoc zorastuli religiis msaxurni - mogvebi pirvelni mividnen
Cveni
macxovris ieso qristes Tayvanisacemad, Cans, ~wigni nebroTisa~ (avestis
raRac nawili Tu komentarebi) sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis
xalxebSi, misi Targmani iyo qristianobis wina da Semdgomi xanis qarTlis
samefoSic.
rac Seexeba batoni kornelis mtkicebas, rom nebroTis wigni (Tu igi
marTlac avestis nawili iyo) ar Semonaxula arc qarTul da sxva romelime
enaze. avestas Tavgadasavals Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba nebroTis wigni
marTlac, ar Semonaxuliyo. jer erTi, rogorc vnaxeT, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar
~Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa~, radgan CaTvales, rom igi iyo ~wigni
grZnebisa da moZRurebai eSmakTa sibilwisai~ da, cxadia, mas gaanadgurebdnen.
rac mTavaria,
igi gaanadgura sasanianTa iranis daRupvam. rogorc cnobilia,
arabTa mier iranis dapyrobis Semdeg zoroastriuli religiis is mimdevrebi,
romlebmac islami ar miiRes, indoeTSi gadasaxldnen.
maT Tan waiRes TavianTi
wminda wigni - avesta. evropaSi am wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxolod XVIIIs-Si
38
gaxda cnobili (rogorc cnobilia, frangma swavlulma diuperonma specialurad
Seiswavla avestis ena da 1771 w. franguli Targmani gamosca oqsfordSi).
avestis SinaarsiT, Tu igi, marTlac igive ~nebroTis wignia~ imTaviTve Crd.
SuamdinareTis
mosaxleobasTan
erTad,
qarTvelebic
unda
yofiliyvnen
dainteresebulni, radgan nebroTi bibliis Tanaxmad, SuamdinareTis pirveli
mefe iyo da am samefoSi Sedioda qarTvelTa erT-erTi winapari Tubali.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg unda davZino: meufe anania jafariZis
naSromis saxiT Cvens winaSea metad saintereso, didi da Tavdauzogavi
Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~,
romelSic
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoria
gadmocemulia
mociqulTa
dRemde. am oriaTaswlovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba
droidan
sakamaTod
mogveCvenos, magram es ZiriTadad ama Tu im sakiTxze, qarTul istoriografiaSi
arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT an am sakiTxTa Sesaxeb arsebul saistorio
wyaroTa simciriTaa gamowveuli. saerTod, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is
garemoeba, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromis saxiT Cvens xelTaa
pirveli monografiebi, romlebSic saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis erTiani
istoriaa
gadmocemuli.
Tanac
am,
monografiebiT
Tavisufali
saqarTvelos
pirobebSi jer mxolod pirveli nabijebi idgmeba qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
Seswavlis
saqmeSi.
sul
ramdenime
welia,
rac
oriaTaswlovanma
qarTulma
eklesiam Tavisuflad amoisunTqa. bolSevikTa batonobis dasawyisSi kirion
kaTalikoss ganucxadebia: ~gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli
eqsperimentebi, romelsac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze,
aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulieri gavelurebis,
gaxrwnis karamde~ (gv. 418). rogorc meufe anania wers: ~bolSevik-aTeistebis
xelisuflebis – umZimesi batonobis
dros, marTalia, eri gadaurCa fizikurad
gadaSenebas, magram ~sulier gavelurebas da sulier gaxrwnas~, Cans, Tavi ver
aaridao~
(gv.
418).
meufe
ananias
wignebi
Cveni
eris
aseT
nawils, albaT,
salbunad unda daedos, raTa isini deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrundnen.
ZiriTadad aseTia Cemi STabeWdilebani mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
mier
istoriis
mecnierebaTa
kandidatis
warmodgenil naSromze.
39
samecniero
xarisxis
mosapoveblad
rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs. qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxze meufe
ananias bolomde
ver daveTanxmebi. avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrisas zemoT
aRvniSne, rom am sakiTxs kvlav davubrundebodi.
meufe
anania
marTali
brZandeba,
qristianobis
pirvel
saukuneSi
warmoqmnili eklesiebi, marTlac, avtokefalurebi iyvnen. ase iyo mowyobili
TviT
romis
imperiis
aRmosavleT
nawilis
provinciebSi,
aq
mcxovrebi
mosaxleoba eTnikuri, istoriuli da sxva TvisebaTa mixedviT mcire da did
saeklesio
olqebad iyofoda.
saepiskoposos
olqebs
teritoriaze
saTaveSi
episkoposi
edgnen episkoposebi.
axorcielebda
Tavisi
saeklesio
zedamxedvelobas, ufleba hqonda moewvia saeklesio kreba da misi Tavmjdomare
yofiliyo.
krebis
TanxmobiT
episkopos
Tavmjdomares
SeeZlo
daeniSna
an
gadaeyenebina misdami daqvemdebarebuli episkoposi. mcire da wina aziaSi am
mxriv TandaTan gamoikveTa da Camoyalibda mosaxleobis eTnikur Sedgenilobaze
Seqmnili iseTi didi saepiskoposoebi, rogorebic iyvnen: tarsisa-kilikiaSi,
kesariisa-kapadokiaSi,
mesopotamiaSi,
efesosi-aziaSi,
tvirosisa-finikiaSi,
edesisa-
bostrisa-arabeTSi, neokesariisa-polemones pontoSi,
ankirisa-
galatiaSi, ikoniisa-likaoiaSi da sxvebi.
erovnul da eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno
314 w. ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18
kanoniT
zemodasaxelebuli
gamocxadda.
es
dadgenileba
saepiskoposoebi
...
Tanasworad
da
daadastura
nikeis
~marTalia~
damoukideblad
I
msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-4 da me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344
w.) me-9, 14, 15, 19, 20 kanonma (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 226-227) magram saqme is iyo,
rom imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebidan yvela ver axerxebda
damoukideblobis SenarCunebas. dasaxelebul krebaTa dadgenilebebi maT ar
Sveloda Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis
farglebSi moqceul eklesiaTa
Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im
eklesiis
SedarebiT
siZliereze
da
am
qalaqis
politikur
mniSvnelobaze.
saerTod ki, qristianTaTvis am qalaqis qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur
avtoritetze
(p. gidulianovi, gv. 227).
swored aRniSnuli pirobebis gamo pirvelobda imperiis aRm. nawilSi
antioqiis episkoposi. nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebis masalebSi evstaTi
antioqiis xelmoweris qveS 22 episkoposis
40
xelmowera swored imis dasturadaa
miCneuli, isini antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi
251).
rom imyofebodnen (iqve, gv. 250-
marTlac, IV s. damdegisaTvis mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebis centri
antioqia iyo. rogorc specialur literaturaSia miTiTebuli, misi sulieri
gavlena garda sakuTriv siriisa, vrceldeboda ara marto mcire aziaze, portisa
da aziis Crd-aRm. nawilze, aramed Soreul sparseTze, somxeTze, saqarTveloze
(pagidulianovi, 1908, gv. 279).
antioqiis episkoposs unda ezruna am qveynebSi qristianobis gavrcelebasa
da
gamyarebaze
(p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 235). antioqiis
episkoposebi jer
daxmarebas uwevdnen sust qristianul Temebs, Semdeg saeklesio recefciis
ZaliT
maTze
imtkicebdnen
ierarqiul
mdgomareobas
da
maT
TavianT
xelisuflebas uqvemdebarebdnen (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 223, Sdr. a. pavlovi).
ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs am mxriv qarTul eklesiaSi?
meufe ananias Tanaxmad, ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila, is
imperiis gareT iyo. amitom, radgan provinciebSi yvela eklesia avtokefaluri
iyo, es miT ufro saqarTvelos Sesaxeb iTqmis (gv. 178). ~Cvens istoriografiaSi, dasZens
meufe
anania,
-
azrTa
sxvadasxvaobaa
imis
Sesaxeb,
Tu
vis
eqvemdebareboda qarTuli eklesia Seqmnis Semdeg. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili
fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia IV s. dasawyisSi antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi
Sedioda. meore – amJamad gavrcelebuli azris Tanaxmad ki – konstantinepols
daeqvemdebara. magram, – ganagrZobs igi, - 325 wlis nikeis krebis dadgenilebis
mixedviT, eklesiaTa daqvemdebareba akrZaluli iyo~. Semdeg kiTxvas svams: ~mainc
romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si,
antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinepolisa?~ da iqve pasuxobs: ~saqme is aris,
rom
radgan sabuTebi amis dadgenis saSualebas ar iZlevian, amitom unda
vifiqroT, rom aseTi sabuTi arc arsebobda~-o (gv. 177). vaxtangis mier miqaelis
konstantinepolSi gagzavnis gamo ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqos
qarTuli eklesia im dros konstantinepolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda an rogor
SeZlo
sparseTis
saxelmwifos
sazRvrebSi
moqceuli
qarTuli
eklesia
bizantias Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana? antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi ki qalkedonis
krebamde, iv. javaxiSvilis mier Seswavlil wyaroTa Tanaxmad, ar yofilao (gv.
195). antioqia rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis centrad miiCneoda, es imas ar niSnavs,
ierarqiulad
aRmosavleTis
yvela
eklesia
antioqias
rom
emorCileboda,
antioqiasTan ufro sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri kavSiri igulisxmebao (gv. 195-196).
41
rogorc
vxedavT,
problematuri
Cvens
sakiTxia
winaSe
qarTuli
kidev
vimeoreb,
dasmuli.
eklesiisaTvis
meufe
metad
anania
marTali
brZandeba, adreqristianul xanaSi yvela eklesia, maT Soris qarTlis samefos
teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli saepiskoposoebi damoukidebelni iyvnen da
amis
Sesaxeb
me
qristianobis
saTanado
damatebiTi
saxelmwifo religiad
masalac
movitane,
gamocxadebis
magram
qarTlSi
Semdeg erTiani
qarTuli
eklesia antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi moeqca (sxvaTa
Soris, imdroindeli
damoukidebloba zemoCamoTvlilma didma saepiskoposoebmac ki ver SeinarCunes.
isini sxvadasxva sapatriarqoebis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcnen) meufe anania aseT
gavlenas imiT uaryofs, rom ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila~, magram
298 wels q. nisibisSi iransa da roms Soris dadebuli zaviT 40 wliT qarTlze
romis proteqtorati rom damyarda, es gana 298-338 wlebSi romis
imperiasTan
qarTlis samefos siaxloveze ar miuTiTebs? meorec, 318 wels qristianobis
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg, mefe mirianis moTxovniT qarTlSi
antioqiis
eklesiis
gavlenaSi
myofi branji (e.i.
galateli) mTavardiakoni
Camovida da eklesiis organizacia moaxdina, qarTlis pirvel episkoposad ione
dasva, aq momxdari ambebi aRwera da waiRo imperiaSi. gana imaze ar metyvelebs,
rom axladwarmoqmnil qarTlis eklesiaze imperiaSi viRac zrunavda (msgavsi
ambavi moxda das. saqarTveloSi egrisis
daasxa
petre
sebastielma,
romelic
pirvel episkoposad iberis Zes xeli
Tavis
mxriv,
ierarqiulad
antioqiis
samwysos ekuTvnoda).
swored
aRniSnulma
faqtma
ganapiroba
qarTlis
eklesiis
antioqiis
iurisdiqciaSi moqceva. ase, rom b-ni ivane javaxiSvilis mosazreba, TiTqos
mxolod
qalkedonis
daeqvemdebara
meoTxe
qarTlis
msoflio
eklesia
saeklesio
antioqiis
krebis
sapatriarqos,
(451
w.)
Semdeg
arasworia.
aseve,
qarTlis eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi arasdros
ar yofila (ix. Cemi qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991). 451 wlamde
konstantinopolis
qalkedonis
IV
eklesiis
msoflio
mrevli
saeklesio
umniSvnelo
krebis
iyo.
rogorc
dadgenilebiT
cnobilia,
miiRo
anatoli
konstantinepolma (449-458) antioqiis episkopos maqsimedan (451-455) aziis yvela
olqi
skutridan
(konstantinepolis
gareubania)
galatiamde.
amave
krebis
gadawyvetilebiT, maqsime antioqielma ierusalimis episkoposs iubenals (422-458)
dauTmo palestina (miqael breki).
42
qalkedonis
ganisazRvra.
krebis
Semdeg
TiToeuli
patriarqis
samwyso
mkacrad
rogorc XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonisti ioane zonara wers,
konstantinepolis patriarqs ar SeeZlo siriis an palestinis, finikiis, an
egviptis
mitropolitTa
mitropolitebi
saqme
zonaras
gaerCia
ganmartebiT,
maTi
antioqiis
survilis
gareSe.
patriarqis
siriis
iurisdiqciaSi
Sediodnen, palestinisa ierusalimisaSi da ase Semdeg, yvela imas emorCileba,
vis mieracaa xeldasmuli (krebis kanonebi). ase rom, 318 wlidan qarTlis (aseve
egrisis) eklesia antioqiis gavlenaSi moeqca. amitom iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis
dros, rogorc qarTul wyaroSia (Sat. kr. gv. 325) naTqvami, qarTlis moqcevidan
(317/318 ww.) 170 wlis Tavze – 487/8 wels antioqiis patriarqma petre fulonma
qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad rom petre kapadokieli akurTxa.
aRniSnulis
muSaobaSi
meufe
garda,
ananias
SeiZleboda
survili
qarTuli
eklesiis
gamomeTqva,
rom
samisionero
Semdgom
saqmianobac
gaeTvaliswinebina. SeiZleboda ramdenime koreqtul Secdomazec mimeTiTebina,
magram aseTi didi moculobis naSromisaTvis es araferia.
sabolood
sadisertacio
didi
naSromi
siamovnebiT
maRal
minda
mecnierul
aRvniSno,
donezea
rom
warmodgenili
Sesrulebuli,
didi
interesiT ikiTxeba, igi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebul sasuliero
akademiaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo. Cems mier zemoT naCveneb
RirsebaTa
gamo
~saqarTvelos
samociquli
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe
eklesiis
istoriis~
avtori
uyoymanod imsaxurebs ara Tu Ziebul –
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis, ufro maRal, doqtoris, xarisxsac ki.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis
wamyvani mecnieri TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori v. goilaZe
pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents istoriis mecnierebaTa
doqtors baton vaxtang goilaZes Cemi naSromis maRali SefasebisaTvis, rac
Seexeba avtokefaliis sakiTxSi Cvens Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, me
43
vfiqrob, rom momavali kvleva-Ziebisas literaturisa da wyaroebis Semdgomi
analizis Semdeg SesaZlebelia azri Sevicvalo.
mTlianad
veTanxmebi
pativcemul
oponents
qarTlSi
asurel
mamaTa
Semosvlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, maTi didi nawili farsman mefis zeobaSi
unda Semosuliyo.
kidev
erTxel uRrmes
madlobas
movaxseneb
baton vaxtangs
im
didi
SromisaTvis, romelsac igi dauRalavad eweva qarTuli eklesiis sasargeblod
da, cxadia, Cemi mcire naSromis didad dafasebisaTvis. gmadlobT
sabWos wevri valerian maWaraZe (doqtori):
batono Tavmjdomare, aq gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom naSromis avtori
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe ufro met samecniero xarisxs imsaxurebs. mis
kvalificiur oponents suliT da guliT vuWer mxars... yirimSi, sevastopolidan
6 km-ze aris xersonesi, marcxnis quCis boloSi iyo pirvelqristianTa sasaflao,
pirveli qristianebis TavSesafari I saukunisaTvis -
mociqulTa droisaTvis. me
vfiqrob, unaklo da uSeniSvno araferi dawerila, magram meufis sami tomi
ramdenime dRiT mqonda saxlSi, gavecani da aRtacebuli var. vuTxari kidec
baton ananias erT-erT sxdomaze, zagorskSi gadaeciT meTqi. cxadia, SeniSvnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT dadebul naSroms, Cveni wyaroebis gamo ukeTesis
gakeTeba ar SeiZleba. me sabWos wevrebs movuwodeb, savsebiT damsaxurebuli
naSromia.
sabWos wevri ilia tabaRua
(doqtori):
batonebo, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe usityvod imsaxurebs saZiebel
xarisxs, avtoreferati ki ara ori tomi siamovnebiT wavikiTxe da aqamde var
maTi gavlenis qveS. savsebiT mxars vuWer aq gamoTqmul azrs, Tqven saZiebo
xarisxi,
cxadia,
saqarTvelos
da
urTierToba.
Sua
gekuTvniT.
roms
me
Soris
saukuneebSic
es
mxolod
neba
qristianobis
kavSiri
44
ar
miboZeT
mogaxsenoT,
CasaxvisTanave
Sewyvetila.
rom
arsebobda
XVIII saukuneSi
kaTalikosebi, eris saukeTeso pirebi, TanamSromlobdnen rogorc aRmosavleTis,
ise dasavleT (romis) eklesiasTan. am urTierTobis asaxva sruliad ar aris
saSiSi
rwmenisaTvis,
piriqiT,
am
urTierTobis
asaxva
didad
gaalamazebs,
gaamdidrebs Cveni eklesiis istorias. esaa Cemi survili. bolos kidev erTxel
mivesalmebi Tqvens Sromas da gisurvebT warmatebebs da aseve kidev or toms,
kidev rom gvpirdebiT, ai, imis dasrulebaSi RmerTma xeli mogimarToT.
Tavmjdomare: - xom ar aris msurveli sabWodan, maSin gTxovT damswre
sazogadoebidan.
sityvas iTxovs ucnobi qalbatoni (sityvas ambobs adgilidan): dauviwyaria
is saTnoeba, romelic Cvens ojaxs moefina meufe ananiasagan am ociode wlis
win.
mapatieT,
SeiZleba
vRelav,
axalcixis
gzaze
moxda
Zalze
mZime
avtokatastrofa. Cemi Svili da me movyeviT am avtokatastrofaSi. umZimesi
mdgomareoba Seiqmna. maSin aravis hqonda Cemi Svilis gadarCenis imedi. maSin
axalcixeSi
davdiodi,
vkuratorobdi
erT
sferos,
Zalian
gviWirda
da
yavarjniT SevZeli asvla eklesiaSi, rabaTSi, da iq batoni anania axalgazrda
sakmarisad Semxvda. muxlis CoqviT Semovuare eklesias, maSin mogexsenebaT
partiis mandati mqonda, da sruliad moulodneli iyo aseTi moqmedeba Cemgan.
batoni anania gamobrZanda, momkida xeli, amayena, vuambe Cemi mdgomareoba da
sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi loculobda CemTvis. erTaderTi imedi mqonda RmerTis
imisi, rom Cemi Svili gadarCeboda da batonma ananiam mxurvaled iloca. me
miTxres, rom mxolod RmerTi Caeria Seni Svilis gadarCenaSio. me minda dRes
udidesi madloba saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebis winaSe baton ananias vuTxra.
saocari saswauli moxda da Cemi Svili gadarCa, dRes ruseTSi imyofeba, maSin
16 wlis iyo, meufe ananiam uTxra, rom ~giorgi, Sengan kargi eqimi dadgeba~,
axla eqimia marTlac. Tqven wlebis manZilze loculobdiT, Cemma Svilma jaric
axalcixeSi
moiara
da
dadioda
igi TqvenTan.
ruseTSi
Cems
Svils
donis
rostovis monasterSi yavs Tavis moZRvari, da dRes aRavlina locva, daanTo
sanTeli Tqveni dRevandeli momentisaTvis, Tqveni janmrTelobisaTvis. viyri
muxls Tqvens winaSe da did madlobas mogaxsenebT Cveni ojaxis saxeliT.
45
revaz baramiZe
(profesori)
batonebo, gadaRlili xarT da ar dagayovnebT, magram me ar SemiZlia, ar
gamovTqva Cemi mosazreba oriode faqtze. jer erTi, mTavarepiskopos meufe
ananias
naSromi
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoria
SesaniSnavad
Seafases
istorikosebma. sxva rameze minda SeniSvna gavakeTo. wyaroebi gamoyenebulia
SesaniSnavad. garda aqamde ucnobi dokumentebisa, sabuTebisa. naSromSi, wignebi
maqvs
mxedvelobaSi,
Zalian
mdidrulad
marTlmadideblobis mniSvnelobis
da
kargad
istoria. agreTve
aris
warmoCenili
isic minda
vTqva, rom
batoni anania kargad brZanebs da sulxan-sabasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani
mosazreba gamoTqva, mogexsenebaT, rom im dros iyvnen karmelitebi. Teatinelebi
da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ara karmelitebis, ara Teatinelebis, aramed
basilianTa ordenis wevri gaxda, es Zalian mniSvnelovania misi sarwmunoebivi
poziciis Sesaswavlad. magram ZiriTadi, ramac me gamabedina dRes aq gamosvla,
aris Semdegi, mTeli ori tomi, romelic me maqvs wakiTxuli, saocrad siRrmiT
aris
datvirTuli
imis
mtkicebiT
da
imis
warmoCeniT,
rom
qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesia da qarTuli cnobiereba, qarTuli xasiaTi, qarTuli
azrovneba aris erTi didi mTlianoba. qarTuli eklesiis fonze ki ara, masTan
SerwymiT, es aris didi WeSmariteba. amaze yuradRebis gaumaxvilebloba ar
iqneboda kargi. sagangebod minda vimsjelo, es Zalian didi Rirebulebaa, am
sferoSi,
roca
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis
tolZalovnad
miiCnevdnen
sxvadasxva seqtebs erovnuli xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi, es arasworia da es
siRrmiT aris
warmoCenili meufe ananias SromebSi. es aris sakvlevi ara marto
samecniero, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. am saqmeSi didi wvlili Seaqvs
baton ananias Tavis SesaniSnavi naSromiT. me aRtacebuli var Tqveni naSromiT
da yovelive warmatebas gisurvebT.
revaz CxeiZe (kinoreJisori)
arc istorikosi var da arc marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msaxuri, magram
ar SeiZleba, rogorc moqalaqem ar vTqva Cemi SegrZnebebi imis gamo, rom
mTavarepiskopos ananias saqarTvelos
istoriis orive es tomi ara mxolod
46
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaa, aramed qarTveli eris istoria. ai, es sinTezi
kargad warmoaCens, rogor mimdinareobda samoqalaqo mSenebloba saqarTveloSi.
da
aq
aris
SeiZleba
iTqvas,
araCveulebrivad
warmoCenili,
Tu
rogor
viTardeboda saqarTvelo. aseT midgomas novatoruli xasiaTi aqvs. novatoruls
me xazs vusvam. Cven vuyurebT ara imas, rom es ase moxda, es omebi Catarda, mere
is movida saTaveSi da ase Semdeg, aramed am naSromSi Cven vxedavT, rogor
viTardeba eris sulieri moZRvreba, am istoriaSi primati uWiravs qristianobas.
qristianoba da qarTveli eris ganviTareba imdagvarad, rogorc es meufe ananiam
Camoayaliba, CemTvis Zalian damajerebelia. didi mama qarTveli erisa, ivane
javaxiSvili,
eWviT
uyurebs
mociqulTa
moRvaweobas
saqarTveloSi,
magram
arsebobs wyaroebi andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb, arqeologiuri masala im
epoqisa, CvenTvis es absoluturad damajerebelia. bolos da bolos virwmunoT
es faqti da mere davijerebT. axla warmovidginoT, Tuki saqarTveloSi andria
pirvelwodebuli
da
sxva
mociqulebi
I
saukuneSi
movidnen,
ramodena
mniSvneloba aqvs amas qarTveli eris istoriisaTvis da misi civilizaciisaTvis.
kolosaluri mniSvneloba aqvs, imitom, rom Cven viciT, es ra epoqaa da
ra aris saWiro maincdamainc vucadoT IV saukunes, es didi movlena iyo, ra
Tqma unda, roca saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda qristianoba, magram raodeni
mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom I s-Si RvTismSoblis davalebiT modis aq
andria
pirvelwodebuli, Semodis aWaridan, esec xom didi ambavia, Sedis samegreloSi,
qarTlSi, svaneTSi, afxazeTSi. es nakvlevi Cans. Sen ra icio, rom mkiTxoT
SeiZleba ver giTxraT qalbatono marika, magram me mjera, rom es ase iyo, mjera
im wyaroebis, romelic arsebobs da marSruti dgindeba Zalian materialurad.
replika darbazidan, mariam lorTqifaniZe: - ~minda rom berZnuli wyaro
iqnes mopovebuli am sakiTxze~ (xmauri).
rezo CxeiZe (agrZelebs) – berZnebi bevr rameSi
cdebian. me minda vTqva,
rom es marto qristianobis Semosvlis TariRi ar aris. RvTismSobelma uTxra
mas, rom saqarTvelo gansakuTrebuli qveyana iyo, da nu geSinia am sityvebis.
mgonia
me,
rom
am
wignSi
araCveulebrivad
aris
Camoyalibebuli.
yovel
SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis bevri ram gaxda naTeli, magaliTad, hereTis sakiTxi. rac
aseve
mwvave
upasuxon,
politikuri
rogor
araCveulebrivad
akeTeben
zustadaa
sakiTxia
amas
dRevandel
saukeTeso
gadmocemuli
47
dRes.
istorikosebma
istorikosebi.
masSi,
rogor
hereTis
unda
sakiTxi
viTardeboda
iq
qristianoba, mere somxuri eklesiis primati da mere amis motrialeba da,
saerTod, qarTuli enis
sakiTxi aris brwyinvaled Camoyalibebuli. wignSi
Camoyalibebulia absoluturad damajereblad agreTve tao-klarjeTis sakiTxi,
romelic aseve Zalian mtkivneulia saqarTvelosTvis. Zalian kargad viciT Cven
ramdeni moaruli, aradamajerebeli istorikosebi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoelebi da
qarTvelebic am Temaze varjiSoben da gvarTmeven genialur adgilebs, idealur
adgilebs,
rogorsac
tao-klarjeTi
warmoadgens
Tavisi
xuroTmoZRvrebis
ZeglebiT. saxelmwifo saqarTvelo yvelaze metad kargad JRers iq da roca amas
batoni anania, Cveni meufe adgens da absoluturad didi rwmeniT aRiTqmeba
yvelaferi,
es
amaze
didi
movlena
SeuZlebelia,
me
mgonia
piradad,
rom
istoriaze aseTi wigni arc wamikiTxavs, es SeiZleba Cemi gulubryvilobaa,
magram me ase var darwmunebuli. me ar vici rogori niSniT aniWebT xarisxebs,
Cemi warmodgeniT, Tu raime umaRlesi xarisxi arsebobs mecnierebis dargSi,
baton ananias unda mieniWos. axla bodiSi, rom ase Tavxedobas viCen, magram me
ase mgonia
(taSi darbazidan).
akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva
neba
samecniero
miboZeT,
didi
sabWoze
siamovnebiT
aseTi
aRvniSno
mniSvnelovani
is
garemoeba,
naSromia
rom
Cvens
gamotanili.
esaa
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria
Sua saukuneebSi~. eWvi ar mepareba da didad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia is garemoba,
rom Cvens eklesias ewodos ~samociqulo~ eklesia, Tumca batono meufe anania
amasac mogaxsenebT me, magaliTad, ver mivakvlie im berZnul wyaros, sadac iyos
miTiTebuli andria mociqulis
moRvaweoba saqarTvelos
romelime kuTxeSi,
sulerTia sad, saWiroa dakonkreteba. me mTlianad viziareb vaxtang goilaZis
SeniSvnas.
batoni
anania,
albaT,
kidev
gadaxedavs
am
sakiTxebs.
qarTul
wyaroebSi aris garkveviT naTqvami, eklesiebSi daiRvara sisxli. aq laparaki
unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom herakles mier bevri ram gakeTda, nu gavujavrdebiT
herakles. Cvens eklesiaSi Tavi moiyara... Seafares Tavi qristianebsa da heraklem
ganwmida eklesia. qalbatonma giulim SeniSna Tbilisel berebTan dakavSirebiT,
rom aseTi fena iyo moqalaqeTa zeda fena. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros me ver
48
gaviziareb Tqvens mosazrebas, rom
daviT aRmaSeneblis dros iyo Teokratiuli
saxelmwifo. wyaro pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom eklesiebi da monastrebi wessa da
rigs iRebdnen darbazis karidan. babilina lominaZis udidesi damsaxurebaa rom
cud pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba, eklesiis istoria Seswavlili rom yofiliyo.
n. berZeniSvili cdilobda rogorme yuradRebis arealidan gamoeyvana. yvelaferi
midioda cekaSi, mere moskovSi. sityva ~eklesia da monasteri~ ar SeiZleboda
dawerili yofiloyo. niko ambobda xolme
- ~ra davarqvaT
babilinas Temebs~,
rom Temis damtkicebis dros ver mimxvdariyvnen, rom es eklesiis istoriaa. es
unda gaviTvaliswinoT... me mTlianad viziareb aq gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom
batoni Aananias udavod ekuTvnis xarisxi da vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe,
magram Suamdgomloba ar aris saWiro mgonia.
marine CxartiSvili (istoriis mecn. doqtori)
yvelaferi, risi Tqmac mindoda, iTqva, upirveles yovlisa, minda vTqva,
rom
saeklesio istorias
wers
saeklesio moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi, wmida
sinodis wevri, batoni meufe anania jafariZe. ra Tqma unda, saeklesio istoria
SeiZleba daweros eriskacma da unda daweros kidec, es aris garkveuli xedva
gverdidan, magram eklesia mogexsenebaT, iseTi fenomenia, aucilebelia misi
danaxva Signidan. me amas aseTi dabejiTebiT imitom geubnebiT, rom Tavad
eklesiis istoriis wyaroebze vmuSaob da TviTon saero ganaTleba maqvs. xSirad
migrZvnia Cems TavSi am xedvis naklovaneba. iciT, mainc agiografiuli Zegli ar
aris literatura, is ufro metia iseve, rogorc xati ar aris marto naxati, es
aris,
pirvrl
rigSi,
misasalmebeli,
iTqva
aq,
rom
esaa
gadebuli
xidi
mecnirebasa da eklesias Soris. mecnierebac eZebs WeSmaritebas da eklesia eZebs
WeSmaritebas. bunebrivia, ar arsebobs iseTi istoriuli WeSmariteba, romelic
Cvens eklesias ar waadgeba da me dadebiTad mesmis. esaa mamuliSvilis mier
dawerili, amitom masTan kamaTi sakmaod Znelia imitom, rom gaazrebuli aqvs mas
es
momentebi
da
Zalian
kargad
aCvenebs,
rogorc
ukavSirdeba
erTmaneTs
mamuliSviloba da mecnieruli obieqturoba. kargad Cans, rom es savsebiT
SeTavsebadia. imis Sesaxebac iTqva, rom naCvenebi qarTuli eklesiis istoria –
es aris marTlmadideblobis istoriis epizodi. vrceli, magram mainc epizodi,
49
Cven axali kulturis pirispir aRmovCndiT da unda gadavxarSoT es kultura.
Cven rigebs SemWidroeba sWirdeba da istoriuli warsulis analizi swored
amisTvis aris saWiro, yvelaferi amisTvis mas Zalian didi madloba minda
movuxado da agreTve imis gamo, rom is Tvalsazrisi, romelic me ramdenime xnis
win
gamovTqvi
wmida
ninos
cxovrebis
daTariRebasTan
dakavSirebiT,
man
gaiziara. mogexsenebaT, XX saukunis Suaxnis Semdeg TariRze aris sxvadasxva
mkvlevaris sxvadasxva azrovneba. salome ujarmelis avtorobis Sesaxeb Cemi
Tvalsazrisi aravis gauziarebia. Zalian martod vgrZnobdi Tavs da meufe
ananiam
es
gaiziara
Tvalsazrisi
aris
da
CemTvis
warmoCenili.
didi
pativia,
Zalian
didi
rom
mis
madloba.
naSromebSi
Cemi
erTxel
Sevdivar
leqciaze da Cemi studentebi meubnebian, rom iciT qalbatono marina,
Cven wina
leqciaze konspeqtebis wera davamTavreT Tqvens gvarze. vkiTxe, vin gikiTxavT
leqcias meTqi, meufe ananiao. es CemTvis didad sasixaruloa da me bednieri var,
rom Cems Tvalsazriss aseTi pirovneba izirebs, madlobT.
meufe Tadeozi (mTavarepiskoposi, wminda sinodis wevri, eparqiis mmarTveli):
Zalian
Znelia
im
didebuli
sazogadoebis
winaSe
gamosvla,
rogor
didebul pirovnebebsac warmoadgegen aq mobrZanebuli pativcemuli qalbatonebi
da batonebi, magram Cveni eklesiis wminda mamaTa TxovniTa da brZanebiT,
mapatieT,
ramdenime
brZandebiT,
magram
sadideblad,
sityvas
Tqveni
mamulis
mogaxsenebT.
gadaRla
gadasarCenad
aris
marTalia,
Zalian
gadaRlilebi
namdvilad
wminda.
netavi
erTmaneTis
siyvarulisaTvis
im
RvTis
wminda
marTlmadideblobisaTvis, romelmac Cven dRemde mogviyvana da miuxedavad am
sazareli
Jamisa,
mainc
gadagvarCens.
Cveni
daRla
wmindaa.
gaxsovT
ilia
marTlis, saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, gulSematkivaris, sibrZne, man rom
brZana didi filosofosis sityvebi; ~awmyo Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli
momavlisa~. - laibnici.
magram me vfiqrob laibnici ise poeturad, ise tevadad,
ise brwyinvaled ver brZanebda, rogorc didma iliam qarTulad ~awmyo Sobili
warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavalisa~. uRmerTod araferi ar xdeba. meufe
anania futkris madliT Sromobda, Cumad, TavisTvis da Semdeg am didma Sromam
udidesi nayofi gamoiRo, me mixaria, rom aq umravlesTa gamobrZanebiT, mxolod
50
erTis garda, iyo samarTliani Sefaseba misi naSromisa, radganac vici, romelic
saRmrTo
saqmes
ewireba
da
misTvis
sicocxlec
ar
enaneba
misi
SeqebiT,
siyvaruliT, waxalisebiT da gaxarebiT unda daviwyoT da ara piriqiT, rom
gvegonos, viTom sxvam ukve dawera yvelaferi da meufe ananiam piriqiT. misi
naSromi aris didi qarTuli suliT imdenad axali Sedevri rom, rodesac mas
kiTxulob,
siyvaruliT
ivsebi.
ai,
batonma
revazma,
brZana
sixaruliT
da
siyvaruliT wavikiTxeo da Zalian bevri icis batonma revazma, Tumca revazi ori
gamobrZanda. batonebi revaz CxeiZe
da revaz baramiZe, aq brZandeba saqarTvelos
dideba qalbatoni ana kalandaZe, mapatieT, axla SeiZleba Tqvan ra SuaSiao,
yvelaferia
dRevandel
SuaSi,
dRes.
rom
aq
meufe
cremliT
ananias
brZana
Rvawlis
didebulma
dasafaseblad
qalbatonma
mobrZanda
misi
meufis
saswauli, rom RmerTma gadaarCina misi Svili da misi locvis daxmarebiT. meufe
anania eklesiaSi mobrZanda maSin, rodesac cecxliTa da maxviliT idevneboda
marTlmadidebloba, qristianoba, rodesac WeSmaritebas, simarTles da sinaTles
erqva
crumorwmunoeba, ra
Tqma
unda, eSmakuri kuTxiT. ra Tqma
unda, am
daRlil, didebul, brwyinvale sazogadoebas me aRar gadagRliT, me mxolod
imas mogaxsenebT, rac yvela gamomsvlelma TiTqmis brZana, rom es naSromi
aRemateba sakandidato xarisxs, sakandidato disertacias, Tqven aq iseTi brZeni
xalxi SekrebilxarT, kargad mogexsenebaT am Sromis gamonaklisi madli, da
gamoiTqva azri, rom es doqtoris wodebis simaRlezea, maSin Tu es amJamad ar
aris
SesaZlo,
vilocoT,
rom
male
SevkrebiliyaviT
misTvis
sadoqtoro
xarisxis miniWebisaTvis. locavs meufe ananias maRali RmerTi, misi maRali
moRvaweobisaTvis, umaRlesi patriotuli moRvaweobisaTvis, romelic mis did,
maRal istoriaSia gamomJRavnebuli is did siyvaruli, poeturi qarTuli suli,
is
natvra
da yvelaferi. ar aris kidev
uRmerTod araferi. meufe anania
brZandeboda pirveli axalcixeli episkoposi da dRes aris Salva axalcixelis
dRe, arc meufe ananiam icoda, rom am dRes daemTxveoda, arc mecnierebma albaT,
magram is, rom Salva axalcixelis dRes daemTxva meufe ananias brwyinvale,
brZnuli da niWieri naSromis madlia. RmerTma uwmindesis wminda locviT
daglocoT, meufe ananias locviT, Cven moZRvarTa locviT. aq brZandeba mama
zaqaria, romelic televiziiT xSirad gmoZRvravT, RmerTma yvela daglocoT da
gagaxaroT da uwmindesis locviT, mamaTaA locviT gadaarCinos saqarTvelo.
51
Tavmjdomare: aq aris Semosuli iakob axuaSvilis Txovna.
iakob axuaSvili (mecnieri):
meufe anania jafariZe
Tavisi
mravalmxrivi
gaxlavT is pirovneba, romelic Tavisi kalmiT,
codniT
mxarSi
amoudga
istoriis
institutis
mier
dawyebul moZraobas. iyo dro, rodesac qarTvel kacs ar hqonda ufleba
aRedgina Tavisi warTmeuli gvari da erovneba. batoni anania jafariZem bevri
iRvawa,
albaT,
yvela,
umravlesoba
vicnobT
mis
nawerebs,
romelic
dakavSirebuli aris grigonianobasTan. mesame momentidan xazgasasmeli: Cven
yvelam viciT, rogor droSi gvixdeba cxovreba, mas Semdeg, rac meufe anania
movida manglisSi, daiwyo saeklesio aRmSenebloba. aq Cven gveswreba Savnabadas
winamZRvari mama Sio
gabriWiZe ... aRdgenili iqna didebuli darbazebi. uamravi
mrevli, Savnabadidan dawyebuli saeklesio aRmSenebloba mimdinareobs sofel
walasyurSi, ukve mwyobrSi Cadga sofel kumisSi ori eklesia, mesamezec daiwyo
mSenebloba da dRes sofel kodaSi vasil barnovis sofelSi didi muSaoba aris
gaCaRebuli. asea, mTel qvemo qarTlSi
unda
vTqvaT,
rom
anania
jafariZe
... sadac mas uxdeba moRvaweoba. aseve
aris
im
didebuli
gvaris
Camomavali,
romelTagan qarTul enciklopediaSi 28 jafariZea Setanili. Cems mier kidev 23
kacia
gamovlenili
dadgenil
wess,
samecniero
didi
xarisxis
siamovnebiT
xels
matarebeli.
Cven
ver
avcdebiT
movawerdi
rom
baton
anania
jafariZesaTvis mieniWebinaT istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi, radganac
am donis wignebi, vambob amas avtoritetulad, arc bevri gagavaCnia. didi
madloba yuradRebisaTvis.
rusudan waqvaZe (mecnieri):
me gaxlavarT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis religiaTmcodneobis
kaTedris
docenti
da
sasuliero
akademiis
pedagogi
rusudan
pativcemulo sazogadoeba, pativcemulo sabWo, ramdenime weliwadia
baton
ananias
wignebiT,
imis
SromebiT
52
vaswavli
Tbilisis
waqvaZe.
piradad me
saxelmwifo
universitetSi
qarTuli
eklesiiis
istorias.
aseve
sayrdenad
Cemi
swavlebaSi gamoyenebuli maqvs baton vaxtang goilaZis Sroma –
sagnis
qarTuli
eklesiis saTaveebTan. dRevandelma dacvam kidev erTxel aSkarad warmoaCina, Tu
raoden didi pasuxismgeblobis winaSe dgas Cveni saganmanaTleblo sistema,
rodesac
mimdinareobs
uflebas
vaZlev
studentebis
axali
pativcemuli
saxeliT,
oficialurad
sabWom
sakiTxi
saxelmZRvanelo
Rirebulebis
baton
grifis
sabWos
Camoyalibebis
winaSe
ganaTlebis
ananias
mier
miniWebis
Semovide
saministros
gamocemuli
Sesaxeb,
rac
procesi.
Tavs
winadadebiT
winaSe
ori
daayenos
tomis
saSualebas
Cemi
mimarT
mogvcems
oficialurad, ra Tqma unda, Cven isedac viyenebT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelos,
magarm sxva aris, rodesac kidev roca is oficialurad nebadarTuli iqneba
ganaTlebis
saministros
mier.
madlobas
mogaxsenebT
batono
anania
Tqveni
muxlCauxreli SromisaTvis, Tqveni sulierobisaTvis aw da maradis Tqveni
sityva darCeniliyos saqarTveloSi.
Tavmjdomare: gmadlobT, sabWo gaiTvaliswinebs Tqvens winadadebas.
fridon sixaruliZe:
baton ananias SromebSi qarTuli eklesiis istoria gaSlilia farTo
marTlmadidebluri
samyaros
fonze
da
es
naSromSi
Zalian
kargadaa
warmodgenili. batoni anania Cveni didebuli moRvawea, tanjuli moRvawe, Salva
axalcixelis gzaze rom daayena is kuTxe da gana marto is, aq manglisi,
samsWavlis mflobeli
mxare, mTel saqarTveloSi ismis misi xma da moZRvravs
ers. SromaSi kargadaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis didi damsaxureba
saqarTvelos
gareT,
marto
es
kmara
erT
gamoTqmul azrs da gisurvebT yovelive kargs.
53
disertaciad.
me
vuerTdebi
aq
deniza sumbaZe (mecnieri):
didi madloba qalbaton rusudan
waqvaZes. man pirdapir brZana, is Sefaseba
romelic am Rvawls ekuTvnis. meufe ananias wignebi gaxlavT ukve saxelmZRvanelo.
mec SemiZlia davamato erTi faqti – petre iberis instrumentis saxelmZRvanelo
gaxlavT qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa. TavisTavad ukve is faqti, rom misi Sromebi
saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebs warmoadgens, gacilebiT ufro mets niSnavs,
vidre romelime samecniero xarisxi, iqneba is sakandidato, iqneba is sadoqtoro. me
minda, rom dRevandeli dRe ar darCes Cveni xmamaRali madlobis gareSe da me minda
giTxraT, rom is istoria, romelsac meufe anania wers, sasuliero piris mier
danaxuli eklesiis istoria ki ar aris mxolod, es aris namdvili saqarTvelos
istoria, romelsac Cven didxans viyaviT moklebuli. minda erTi faqti davasaxelo:
meufe ananiam Tavisi eklesiis istoriaSi axleburad daayena samociquli eklesiis
sakiTxi, es aris sruliad didi damsaxureba meufe ananiasi, es aris SemoqmedebiTi
damokidebuleba istoriisadmi, Tanamedroveobisadmi da aris didi sulieri simamace,
romelic Zalian xSirad ase akliaT Cvens mecnierebs. is faqti, rom ewodeba Cvens
eklesias ~samociqulo eklesia, marTlmadidebeli eklesia~, erovnuli ideologiuri
mniSvneloba aqvs da marto am sakiTxis dayeneba da dasabuTeba imisa, rom Cveni
eklesia samociquloa, ukve niSnavs erTi samecniero Sromis mowodebas, da meore is
udidesi xarvezi, romelic qarTuli eklesiis istorias aqvs, kerZod, andria
mociqulis
mimosvlis
sakiTxs,
wakiTxuli literaturiT
me
TviTon
SemiZlia
vTqva
mowme
amerikaSi
gaxlavarT.
oci
wlis
win
gamocemuli literaturiT,
magaliTad lorenski exeba saerTod mociqulTa Rvawls da is mimoxilvas ivane
javaxiSvilis
mier
saqarTveloSi.
es
Sefasebas,
Zalian
didi
rom
andrias,
nakli
rom
gaxlavT,
andrias
ara
ar
mxolod
umogzauria
saqarTvelos
istoriisaTvis, aramed saerTod msoflio eklesiis istoriisaTvis, radganac andria
mociquls daaklda is didi Rvawli da madli, romelic saqarTvelos winaSe gaswia
da Tundac ai, am mxaris gamosworeba, am didi damsaxurebis Cveni meufisa, am
disetaciisa, marto amisaTvis mas ekuTvnoda is xarisxi, romelsac eZiebda. kidev
erTi sityva minda SemogkadroT: meuxerxuleba am didi RvawlisaTvis istoriul
mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis miniWeba. es saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebia,
romelic yvela mecniers unda hqondes (taSi).
54
ciala ardaSelia (mwerali, publicisti)
uRrmesi
madloba
meufe
ananias,
kargad
brZana
qalbatonma
denizam,
xarisxze arc aris laparaki, uyoymanod unda mieces doqtoris xarisxi, CemTvis
sxva azri ar arsebobs, metis Rirsia.
Tavmjdomare, daviT musxeliSvili (akademikosi):
Cveni sabWos muSaobaSi dRes mniSvnelovani dRea, mniSvnelovani movlenaa,
roca
sasuliero
piri
icavs
samecniero
xarisxs.
sasiamovnoa,
rom
esaa
saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavari batoni anania jafariZe. es saerTod
mniSvnelovani
movlenaa.
ZiriTadad iyvnen
aq
iyo
naTqvami,
Sua
saukuneebSi
istorikosebi
sasuliero pirebi, radganac isini iyvnen mwignobari nawili
sazogadoebisa. me minda aRvniSno, rom esaa Sua saukuneebis mimarTeba. amJamad
neba
mieciT
istorikosebs
imoqmedon
ara
rwmeniT,
aramed
mecnieruli
faqtorebiT. SeiZleba iyo magram esaa rwmenis sfero da rwmenis sfero araa
mecnierebis sfero. didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno is Sefaseba, romelic
miiRo
batonma
dakisrebuli
ananiam
misia
specialistebisagan,
warmatebiT
gadaWra,
miuTiTebs,
Seasrula
is
rom
man
urTulesi
Tavisi
amocana,
romelic misgan moiTxovda didi gambedaobas globaluri sakiTxebis gadaWras.
aq laparaki iyo, rom baton ananias miekuTvnos
ufro maRali xarisxi, unda
vTqva, rom samwuxarod Cvens sabWos amis kompetencia ara aqvs, es ar aris
biurokratiuli
damokidebuleba,
saWiroa
mTeli
procedura,
romlis
erTi
safexuri gaviareT. meufe Tadeozis azrs davubrundebi, batoni anania mxne
kacia da kidev imuSavebs da kidev SevikribebiT siamovnebiT. aRvniSnav
kidev, radganac saxelmZRvaneloze iyo laparaki, Cven davsvamT am sakiTxs,
am
wigniT
ukve
sargebloben,
Tuki
saxelmZRvanelos
gakeTebaa,
saxelmZRvanelos baton ananiaze ukeT veravin gaakeTebs.
aucilebelia swavleba am wigniT. es problema gadaiWreba. dRevandeli
disertanti aris bednieri SemTxveva, roca rwmena da codna erTmaneTs eTanxmeba,
RmerTma
ise
qnas
safuZveli,
romelic
meufem
Cauyara,
ganmtkicdes.
saqarTveloSi adre samRvdeloebas CamoSorda is funqcia, romelic mas hqonda
sazogadoebaSi, meufe ananias saqmianobiT mas ubrundeba es funqcia. pirveli
55
mociquli Tu andria iyo saqarTveloSi, meufe anania aris CvenTan am saqmeSi
(taSi).
gancxadebisaTvis sityvas iTxovs iRumeni Sio.
iRumeni mama Sio:
bednieri var rom es dRe dadga, roca Catexili xidi, romelic iyo
sasuliero da saero sferoTa Soris, aRdga Cveni am SekrebiT. me xSirad
vwuxdebodi, rom adamianebs ar esmiT saeklesio mxare. yovelTvis vcdilobdi am
mxriv gamekeTebina rame da dRes es Tqven gaakeTeT. eris gamamTlianebeli, fexze
damyenebebli
aris
misi
istorikosebiT, yvelani
inteligencia,
gviyvarxarT
da
Tqven
xarT!
yvelaze
me
vamayob
vloculobT,
da
Cveni
yvelaTi
vamayobT. bednierebi varT, rom dRes TqvenTan var, Cven yvelani gTvliT Cvens
maswavleblad da RmerTma daglocoT am lamazi funqciis tarebisaTvis. me minda
rom rogorc es dRe iyo Zalian bevri sixarulis momniWebeli, minda rom
SemogTavazoT Cvens monasterSi, Savnabadis monasterSi Tqveni stumroba. axla iq
gaCvenebT praqtikulad, razec Tqven aq Teoriulad muSaobT. me vgrZnobdi aq
madlis mosvlas. me bevrjer cremli momdioda Tqvens laparakze, qalbatoni rom
gamovida
da
aucilebelia
momavali
sxvebi.
me
minda
Semsrulebeli,
saqarTvelo.
me
meufes
Tu
ar
gTxovT
vTxovo
gavzardeT
erTi
ram,
yvela
Semsrulebeli,
istorikosebs,
ai,
am
ar
kuTxiT,
saqmeSi
gveqneba
rogor
muSaobdnen Cveni winaprebi, ra aris darCenili aqedan, rogor iyo istoriulad,
struqtura, meurneoba, aRzrda da sxva. RmerTma daglocoT da gagaZlieroT.
madloba meufes, rom ase
uyvarxarT. Cven yvelani gaRiarebT Tqven Cvens gulSi
doqtorad (mxiaruli xmauri).
Tavmjdomare:
batonebo,
davamTavroT,
iwyeba
kenWisyra
kenWrisyris
Sedegebs aqveynebs doqtori ilia tabaRua:
ilia tabaRua: pativcemuli batonebo, sul sabWos wevria 16, eswreboda 15.
xma misca 15-ma sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT meufe ananias erTxmad
mieniWa istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi (taSi).
56
daskvna
mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio naSromze saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
avtokefaliuri
eklesiis
kvleva-Zieba
gansakuTrebiT intensiurad mimdinareobda XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis
dasawyisSi. amis mizezi iyo qarTvel sasuliero da saero mecnierTa survili
daemtkicebinaT
ruseTis
ruseTis
imperator,
wminda
sinodisa
aleqsandre
I
da
manifestis
msoflio
sazogadoebisaTvis
arakanoniereba,
romliTac
administraciuli wesiT gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. qarTvel
avtokefalistTa Tavdauzogavma brZolam Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo 1917 wlis 12
marts saqarTvelos eklesiam daibruna damoukidebloba da Seudga qarTveli
eris cxovrebaSi dakarguli funqciis dabrunebisaTvis brZolas, magram 1921
wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg, roca xelmeored moxda saqarTvelos dapyroba aw
ukve sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze muSaoba
oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo.
qarTul istoriografiaSi
bolo samocdaaTi wlis manZilze Tu ram
iwereboda saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze umetesad aTeisturi
poziciebidan.
mTavarepiskoposis
anania
jafariZis
mier
sakandidato
disertaciis Temis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ warmodgena
misasalmebelia. igi miznad isaxavs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli am
seriozuli xarvezis aRmofxvras.
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe
qarTuli
inteleqtualuri
sazogadoebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili. igi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
wminda sinodis wevria, manglisis eparqiis mmarTveli, amave dros presaSi
gamoqveynebuli araerTi saintereso publikaciis avtori. ori aTeuli welia igi
ikvlevs saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis
problemebs. calke
wignebad aqvs
dabeWdili saqarTvelos eklesiis mravaltomeulis ori tomi.
sadisertaciod warmodgenili naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da Tormeti
Tavisagan. Cven ar SevudgebiT TiToeuli Tavis Sinaarsis gadmocemas. SevecdebiT
yuradReba gavamaxviloT naSromis Rirseba naklovanebebze.
mTavarepiskoposi
saqarTvelos
anania
avtokefaluri
jafariZe
eklesiis
57
naSromis
samociqulo
pirvel
TavSi
arkvevs
saxelwodebis
sakiTxs.
qarTuli
da
ucxouri
Tvalsazrisis
wyaroebis
sawinaaRmdegod
safuZvelze
asabuTebs
akad.
iv.
andria
javaxiSvilis
pirvelwodebulis
mociqulebrivi moRvaweobis realurobas I saukunis egrissa da iberiaSi.
naSromis Rirsebaa isic, rom avtori saintereso Tvalsazriss aviTarebs
III-IV saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis (pirobiTad) uflebrivi mdgomareobis
ierusalim-antioqia-konstantinepolis
sapatriarqoebis
damokidebulebaze
egrissa da qarTlis samwysoebze.
naSromSi
kargadaa
gaanalizebuli
kavkasiaSi
didi
saeklesio
ganxeTqilebis sakiTxebi.
avtori dawvrilebiT ganixilavs saqarTvelos gaerTianebis sakiTxebs da
qarTuli eklesiis rols gaerTianebis saqmeSi. aseve sainteresodaa warmoCenili
religiur-konfensiuri problemebi XVI-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, rodesac
qveyana provinciul saqarTveloebad daiSala da daiwyo eklesiuri separatizmi
(samcxis,
dasavleT
saqarTvelos,
mcxeTis
sakaTalikozodan
gamoyofa)
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurni ver gaumklavdnen erTis mxriv qveynis samxreTdasavleT nawilSi mahmadianobis, grigorianuli qristianobisa da kaTolike
misionerebis propagandas da daiwyo qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis saSineli
procesi. am viTarebaSi marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis SenarCunebas niSnavda.
ar iziarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom kaTalikos-patriarq anton I TiTqos
kaTolikuri cdomileba hqonda.
naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli ruseTis mTavrobis imperialisturi
miznebi
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mimarT,
avtokefaliis
gauqmeba,
rusi
egzarqosebis antieklesiuri saqmianoba. brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad da
avtokefaliis aRdgena.
gvaqvs garkveuli SeniSvnebic:
1.
sadavod
migvaCnia
avtoris
Tvalsazrisi
V
saukuneSi
qarTlis
samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sav zRvasa da
md. klisuraze
(afxazeTi) ganvrcobis Sesaxeb.
2. avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa afxazTa sakaTalikozos sakiTxi (VIII-X ss.),
rogor
moxda
saqarTvelos
politikuri
sakaTalikozos
iurisdiqciis
gavrceleba
aucilebeli iyo.
58
gaerTianebis
sruliad
dros
mcxeTis
saqarTveloze,
rac
3.
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe
didi
xnis
manZilze
muSaobda
saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxebze marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.
misi gamokvleva daedo safuZvlad msoflios sapatriarqosgan saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriuli
avtokefaliis
cnobas.
sasurveli
iyo
avtoreferatSi
asaxuliyo es sakiTxebi.
es SeniSvnebi odnavac ar Crdilavs naSromis Rirsebebs. sulxan-saba
orbelianis
saxelobis
Tbilisis
saxelmwifo
pedagogiuri
universitetis
istoriis fakultetis samecniero sabWo da saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedra
naSroms afasebs dadebiTad.
istoriis fakultetis dekani
docenti
s. vardosaniZe
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris
gamge, profesori
sv. gamsaxurdia
pasuxi wamyvan organizacias
uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis istoriis fakultetis dekans, istoriis
mecnierebaTa kandidats, docent sergo vardosaniZes da amave universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamges profesor
svimon gamsaxurdias Cemi
sadisertacio naSromis dadebiTi SefasebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs, mogaxsenebT Semdegs:
1. pativcemul
Sesaxeb,
rom
iurisdiqciis
V
recenzentebs
saukuneSi
sazRvari
Sav
sadavod
qarTlis
miaCniaT
samefosa
zRvamde
da
da
Cemi
Tvalsazrisi
qarTlis
mdinare
imis
sakaTalikosos
klisuramde
afxazeTSi
vrceldeboda.
naSromSi saTanadod maqvs dasabuTebuli, rom uklebriv yvela Zveli
qarTuli
saistorio
wyaro,
~moqcevai
59
qarTlisais~,
~qarTlis
cxovrebis~
avtorebi, leonti mrovelis, juanSeris, vaxuStis monacemebi sxvadasxvagvari
daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas ar iZlevian.
akademikosi simon janaSia werda: ~juanSeris Sexedulebas, rom qarTlis
mmarTvelis xelisufleba vrceldeboda ara mxolod marto sakuTriv qarTlze,
kaxeTsa da tao-klarjeTze, aramed egriszec, afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramde,
istoriuli marcvali udevs safuZvlad~.
batonma zaza aleqsiZem miuTiTa, rom VII saukunisaTvis SemuSavebuli
zepiri Tu werilobiTi tradicia ~qarTul eklesias
mTlianad aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis momcvelad warmoadgens~.
ZvelqarTuli wyaroebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTul eklesias, aRmosavleT
da
dasavleT
mesxias
saqarTvelos
TvalsazrisiT,
momcvelad
qveynis
warmoadgens
politikuri
IV
erTobis
saukunidanve.
~yoveli
SoTa
qarTlis~
mTlianobis SegrZneba arsebobda VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde~ (nark. II, gv. 19).
akademikos
daviT
musxeliSvilis
TvalsazrisiT,
vaxtang
gorgaslis
xanaSi egrisi qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda. axlaxans xelSi Camivarda V saukunis
ruka, Sedgenili baton daviT musxeliSvilis mier, romelSic swored aseTi
politikuri viTarebaa asaxuli.
saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari Tan
gasdevs politikur-administraciuls. am kanonze dayrdnobiT miviCnevT, rom V
saukuneSi
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos
sazRvari
gasdevda
mematianeTa
mier
aRniSnul qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvrebs.
2. pativcemuli recenzentebi aRniSnaven, rom avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa
afxazTa sakaTalikosos sakiTxi (VIII-X saukuneebSi), rogor moxda saqarTvelos
politikuri
gaerTianebis
dros
mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqciis
gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb pativcemul recenzentebs movaxseneb, rom
warmogenili
sadisertacio
naSromia:
`saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoria
Sua
sukuneebSi – XII-XVII saukuneebi~, romelsac win erTvis qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis mimoxilva I-VI saukuneebSi. VI
saukunis Semdgomi xana XII saukunemde
disertaciaSi ar aris asaxuli, amitomac arc avtoreferatSi aisaxa. magram,
miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnul saukuneTa didi mniSvnelobis gamo maT Sesaxeb sxva
TavebSi aris saTanado msjeloba. axlaxan gamoica saqarTvelos samociqulo
60
eklesiis
istoriis
II
tomi,
romelSic
aRniSnuli
sakiTxi
vrclad
aris
ganxiluli.
3. pativcemuli recenzentebi mesame SeniSvnaSi aRniSnaven, rom me didi
xnis
manZilze
vmuSaobdi
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
diptixis
sakiTxze
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris, amitomac sasurvelad miiCnies, rom diptixis
sakiTxi asaxuliyo avtoreferatSi.
baton recenzentebs madlobas movaxseneb Cemi naSromis dafasebisaTvis,
diptixis sakiTxze marTlac didxans vmuSaobdi, mis Sesaxeb vrceli msjeloba
maqvs Cemi gamokvlevis II tomSi, rac Seexeba disertacias, masSi marTlac
saTanadod ar aisaxa aRniSnuli sakiTxi, radgan diptixis Temas me mivakuTvneb
XI saukunes – saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis xanas, masze vrclad ar
SevCerebulvar, Tumca aRniSnul sakiTxs vexebi ferara-florenciis saeklesio
krebasTan (1438-1445) dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis XV saukunis
gadmocemisas.
kidev erTxel vmadlob da vlocav pativcemul recenzentebs.
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria~ (t.I, 1996, t.II, 1998)
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriis~ ori tomi avtoris mravalwliani Sromis nayofia. am problemaze bevr
swavluls umuSavia da muSaobs dResac, magram fundamenturi Semajamebeli
monografiis Seqmna mis yovladusamRvdeloesobas xvda wilad.
1845 wlis Semdeg, roca platon ioselianma gamoaqveyna pirveli wigni
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
CamosaTvlelia.
meufe
Sesaxeb,
ananias
dRemde
ortomiani
am
xasiaTis
naSromi
naSromebi
mniSvnelovnad
TiTze
avsebs
am
xarvezs.
avtori problemas farTo masStabiT udgeba. igi saqarTvelos eklesiis
istorias
istoriuli
ganixilavs
saqarTvelos
ganviTarebis
WrilSi.
politikuri
amitomac
orientaciisa
sakuTriv
eklesiis
da
misi
istoriis
sakiTxebis gaSuqebamde igi mimoixilavs qarTveli eris eTnogenezisis, misi
61
gansaxlebis, teritoriuli sazRvrebis, saxelmwifoebriobis, enisa da erovnul
TviTSegnebasTan
dakavSirebul
mTel
rig
problemebs,
rogorc
aucilebel
substrats eklesiis istoriis ConCxis asagebad. am nawilSi avtori avlens
saSur erudicias, rac uadvilebs mas urTules sakiTxebSi garkvevas da kvlevis
swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvas.
erT-erT mniSvnelovan siaxled naSromisa mimaCnia avtoris Tamami, magram
bizantiur kanonikur wyaroebze uryevad dafuZnebuli debuleba, I-II saukuneebSi
anu mociqulTa xanaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb. es
savsebiT
Seesabameba
Tavdapirvel
viTarebas
saqristianoSi,
vidre
qristes
religia saxelmwifo aRmsareblobad gamocxaddeboda.
aseve interess moklebuli ar aris avtoris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom
qarTlis
eklesiis
erovnul
niadagze
gadayvana
(erovnebiT
qarTveli
kaTalikosis arCeva, qarTuli enisaTvis saliteraturo enis statusis miniWeba)
ganpirobebuli
iyo
qarTli
berZnuli
asurul
diofizit
sparseTis
xelisuflebis
gavlenisagan.
mamaTa
am
gardamtex
Camosvlas,
ramac
mcdelobiT
periods
gaaZliera
CamoeSorebinaT
ukavSirebs
qarTlis
avtori
eklesiis
winaaRmdegoba somxuri monofizituri eklesiis mimarT. yovelive aman, rogorc
avtori askvnis, xeli Seuwyo saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefalurobis aRdgenas
(da ara mopovebas, rogorc SeiZleba gvefiqra).
ortomian naSromSi bevri saintereso sakiTxia axleburad dayenebuli da
gadawyvetili,
bevri
faqtobrivi
masalaa
koncentrirebuli
problemis gadasawyvetad; zogierTi gadawyveta SeiZleba sadaodac
TiToeuli
gamoCndes,
SeiZleba uzustobebic SevniSnoT, magram calkeuli xarvezebi odnavadac ver
miayenebs Crdils swavluli mRvdelmTavris monumentur naSroms.
es
mcire
gamoxmaureba,
bunebrivia,
ver
moicavs
naSromSi
dayenebul
sakiTxTa CamoTvlasac ki. aRar vlaparakobT zogierTi maTganis gamowvlilviT
warmoCenaze. davkmayofildebiT imis aRniSvniT, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria~ samamulo humanitaruli mecnierebis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia,
romelic samagido wigni unda iyos ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed,
sazogadod, qarTuli kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis.
naSromi oTx tomad aris ganzraxuli. es imas niSnavs, rom igi mTlianad
moicavs saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias misi Seqmnidan dRemde. Tumca, unda
iTqvas, rom eklesiis istoria pirobiTi terminia: eklesia maradiuli awmyoa,
62
misi
ganviTarebis
yoveli
etapi
yovel
awmyoSi
anu
dResac
aqtualobas
inarCunebs. avtori ar aRiqvams am etapebs, rogorc absolutur warsuls. amis
dasturia misi winadadeba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oficialurad
iseve iwodebodes, rogorc mTeli istoriis manZilze iwodeboda: ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesia~,
nacvlad
~saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiisa~,
romelic namdvilad ar gamoxatavs eklesiis arss istoriul perspeqtivaSi.
saqarTvelos eklesia samociquloa Tavisi warmoSobiT, ramdenadac mociqulebis
–
andriasa
da
simonis
garda,
rogorc
avtori
rwmeniT
da
sabuTianobiT
fiqrobs, qarTveli da qarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebul teritoriaze sxva
mociqulebsac uqadagniaT.
saqarTvelos
gamovTqva
erTi
eklesiis
SeniSvna.
saxelwodebasTan
Tumca
Sromis
dakavSirebiT
saTaurSi
mowiwebiT
saxelwodebad
unda
gatanili
~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, teqstSi xSiria SemTxveva mis Senacvlebisa
~qarTuli
eklesiiT~,
gaumarTlebel
javaxiSvili
rac
filetizmis
gamovlenad mimaCnia.
ver
Tumca
terminologiur,
gagvamarTlebs
is
magram
faqti, rom
mainc
ivane
Tavis nawerebSi iyenebs termins ~qarTuli eklesia~. qristes eklesia
ar SeiZleba iyos, ~qarTuli~, iseve rogorc ~rusuli~, ~serbuli~ da sxva, aramed
~kaTolike~, rogorc mrwamsSi vkiTxulobT:
~erTi kaTolike da
samociqulo
eklesia~. rac Seexeba termins ~berZnuli eklesia~, igi aRmsareblobiTi cnebis
gamomxatvelia da masSi erovnuli berZnuli ar igulisxmeba.
dasasrul,
samRvdeloTa
siamovnebiT
Soris
erTi
unda
im
aRvniSnoT,
rom
gamonaklisTagania,
meufe
romelic
anania
Cvens
samwyemsTavro
moRvaweobsTan erTad daucxromelad iRwvis samecniero asparezzec, riTac Cvens
droSi
agrZelebs
Tavis
winamorbed
swavlul
sasuliero
pirTa
da
mRvdelTmTavarTa – arseni safarelis, efrem mciris, kaTolikosebis kirionis,
kalistrates da sxvaTa – Rvawls. vusurvebT meufe ananias wamowyebuli Sromis
warmatebiT gansrulebas.
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe
naSromisaTvis
~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesia~ savsebiT imsaxurebs saZiebel samecniero xarisxs.
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori
63
z. kiknaZe
ramdenime mosazreba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis
sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~
(avtoreferatis mixedviT)
amTaviTve
unda
iTqvas,
rom
mTavarepiskopos
anania
jafariZis
~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ ortomeuli, Tavisi RirsebebiT
warmoadgens qarTuli istoriografiis sayuradRebo SenaZens da mniSvnelovnad
aWarbebs sakandidato disertaciisaTvis wayenebul moTxovnebs.
avtoris umTavresi damsaxureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom man qarTuli,
bizantiuri da zogierTi sxva ucxouri wyaroebis momarjvebiT SeZlo daewera
vrceli gamokvleva qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb.
aseTi naSromis saWiroeba didi xania igrZnoboda da axla SeiZleba Tamamad
iTqvas, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli es xarvezi Sevsebulia. Cven
xelT gvaqvs mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis Sesaferisi gamokvleva, romelic
Tanabrad daainteresebs mkiTxvelebs rogorc sasuliero, ise saero wreebidan.
avtoreferatidanac
ki
kargad
sCans,
Tu
raoden
didi
raodenobis
wyaroebi da literatura Seuswavlia disertants. garda amisa, rom es xangrZliv
da Sromatevad muSaobas moiTxovda, saWiro iyo am uamravi masalis ise gaazreba
da ganzogadeba, rom avtors originaluri mkvlevaris pozicia ar daekarga.
meufe anania jafariZem es SesaniSnavad SesZlo da mis wignSi mTeli rigi
paragrafebisa aqamde istoriografiaSi gamouyenebeli masalebis mxolod mis
mier moxmobis Sedegadaa dawerili.
Cems mizans ar Seadgens yvela maTganis aRniSvna am mcire gamoxmaurebaSi.
magram aucileblad mimaCnia erT maTganze mainc SevaCero yuradReba. es gaxlavT
imis dasabuTeba, rom qarTuli eklesia samociquloa da igi Tavidanve iyo
avtokefaluri, ramdenadac ~pirveli eklesiebi daarsebulni mociqulTa mier
iyvnen avtokefalurni erTmaneTis mimarT (gv. 14).
naSromis mTel Sinaars, avtoris kvlevisa da msjelobis maneras da arss
aSkarad etyoba, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ sasuliero
piris dawerilia, igrZnoba saRvTo werilis, saeklesio mwerlobis da saeklesio
krebebis mier SemuSavebuli sjulis kanonebis Rrma codna da TxrobaSi maTi
profesiuli gamoyeneba. es mxarec naSromis mniSvnelovan Rirsebas warmoadgens.
64
cxadia, ase vrceli wignebis dawera
Tumca
Cvenis
azriT,
mTavarepiskopos
xarvezebis gareSe SeuZlebelia,
anania
jafariZis
naSroms
arsebiTi
xasiaTis naklovanebani ar axasiaTebs.
survilis saxiT ki gvinda SevniSnoT, rom meored gamocemisas avtorma
meti yuradReba unda miaqcios saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis
problemebs. yoveli ganmazogadebeli saistorio xasiaTis naSromisaTvis es
sakiTxTa sakiTxia. amdenad, gamokvlevis Tavebad saukuneebis gamoyofa, rogorc
es warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromSia mocemuli mTlad gamarTlebulad ver
CaiTvleba. ramdenadac
arc
mTavrdeba
- yvela saukunis dasawyissa Tu dasasruls ar iwyeba da
movlenebi,
romlebic
SeiZleba
niSansvetad
gamodges
periodizaciis dros.
rogorc
dasawyisSive
vTqviT,
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe,
warmodgenili naSromiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis
samecniero xarisxs.
quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori:
g. mWedliZe
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi - ~saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ - vfiqroT, gansakuTrebuli movlenaa qarTul
istoriografiaSi.
eklesiis
arsebiTad,
istoriis
esaa
pirveli
ganmazogadebeli
cda
-
monografia
Seiqmnas
saqarTvelos
saistorio
mecnierebis
miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ekleiis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleva XIX
saukunis
II
naxevarSi
daiwyo.
igi
gaaqtiurda
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis periodSi (1905 wlidan). Seiqmna ramdenome
monografia,
maT
Soris
–
ganmazogadebeli
65
naSromebic,
magram
1917
wlis
revoluciis
Semdeg
am
mimarTulebiT
muSaoba
TiTqmis
sruliad
aTeisturi reJimis damyarebis Sedegad. ukanasknel xanebSi
saqarTvelos
masalebi,
eklesiis
daiwera
saqarTvelos
sakiTxebis
ara
istoriis
erTi
Sesaxeb
kvleva,
da
ori
pirveli
gamovlinda
sayuradRebo
Sewyda
kvlav ganaxlda
axali
saistorio
monografia,
ganmazogadebeli
naSromis
magram
Seqmnis
pativi saeklesio moRvawes – mTavarepiskopos ananias xvda wilad. Cveni azriT,
es araa SemTxveviTi movlena, aramed ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelos
eklesiis aRorZinebis naTeli gamoxatuleba. qarTuli eklesia tradiciulad
mecnieruli codnisa da literaturuli
Semoqmedebis burji iyo. swavla-
ganaTlebisaTvis zrunva da mecnieruli kvleva eklesias Tavis erT-erT mTavar
funqciad miaCnda. sasixaruloa, rom eklesiis gaaqtiureba, pirvel yovlisa, am
aspeqtiT gamovlinda.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sruli kursis Seqmnis sapatio amocanis
gadawyveta mxlod didi erudiciisa da gaqanebis, titanuri Sromis unaris mqone
mkvlevars SeeZlo, romelsac maRal niWierebasTan erTad, saqmisadmi fanatikuri
siyvaruli da
erTguleba
mTavarepiskoposi
monumenturi
Tanamedrove
anania
naSromi,
qarTul
unda
hqonoda.
swored
romlis
aseTi
siamovnebiT
mkvlevari
avtori
istoriografiaze
Zvel
unda
aRiniSnos, rom
aRmoCnda.
saistorio
dayrdnobiT,
Cvens
winaSea
wyaroebze
detalurad
da
ganixilavs
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs, romelTa mometebuli
nawili
axleburadaa
gaazrebuli,
gamotanilia
mravali
didmniSvnelovani
daskvna.
eklesiis istoria imdenad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli qveynis politikur
istoriasTan, rom maTi urTierTizolirebuli Seswavla SeuZlebelia. amitom
mTavarepiskoposis
ananias
naSromSi
didi
adgili
eTmoba
qarTuli
eris
istoriis yvela didmniSvnelovan sakiTxs. eklesiis istoria warmodgenilia
qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri, eTnikuri, politikuri da kulturuli panoramis
fonze.
aseTma globalurma kvlevam avtors SeaZlebina axleburad gaeazrebina
ara marto sakuTriv eklesiis problematika, aramed qveynis saero istoriac.
wignSi
imdeni
mecnieruli
siaxlea
(rogorc
hipoTezebisa
da
calkeul
movlenaTa axleburi interpretaciis, ise mtkice argumentaciaze damyarebuli
66
mtkicebulebis saxiT), rom maTi marto CamoTvla albaT ramdenime aTeul gverds
daikavebda.
avtori xSirad ubrundeba da aRrmavebs wina TavebSi ganxilul sakiTxebs,
axali argumentaciiT asabuTebs adre gamoTqmul debulebebs.
unda aRiniSnos, rom naSromSi Camoyalibebulia araerTi saxelmZRvanelo
debuleba.
SemuSavebulia
mociqulebrivi
qarTvelTa
koncefcia
warmomavlobisa,
erovnuli
saqarTvelos
xazgasmulia
TviTSegnebis
aRdgenis,
eklesiis
qarTuli
eris
avtokefaliis
eklesiis
zneobrivi
roli
amaRlebis,
kulturis aRorZinebis saqmeSi. naSromSi daZleulia araerTi mniSvnelovani
sakiTxis mcdari gadawyvetis stereotipi.
siamovnebiT
unda
aRiniSnos,
rom
dReisaTvis
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis specialuri kursi ramdenime sasuliero da saero saswavlebelSi
ikiTxeba.
erT-erTi
saxelmwifo
maTgania
pedagogiuri
Tbilisis
sulxan-saba
universiteti,
sadac
orbelianis
ukve
6
welia,
saxelobis
muSaobs
qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedra. qristianuli kulturis istoriis
specialobis studentTaTvis aq bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis
mixedviT
ikiTxeba.
kursi
ZiriTadad
vfiqrobT,
am
mTavarepiskopos
SesaniSnavi
ananias
naSromis
naSromis
mniSvneloba
momavalSi ufro ukeT warmoCndeba.
Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis
saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri
universitetis qarTuli qristianuli
kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,
profesori
lela xaCiZe
amave kaTedris ufrosi
maswavlebeli
eqvTime (Tamaz) koWlamazaSvili
67
recenzia
istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis
mosapoveblad warmodgenil mTavarepiskoposis
anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria
(Sua saukuneebi)~
istoriis
mecnierebaTa
kandidatis
samecniero xarisxis
mosapoveblad
warmodgenili mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria
(Sua
saukuneebi)~,
yvelaze
aqtualuri
Tbilisi
1999,
saqarTvelos
problemis
istoriis
Seswavlisadmi
erT-erTi
miZRvnil
fundamenturAmonografiul gamokvlevas warmoadgens, originaluri ar viqnebi
Tu
vityvi,
rom
marTlmadidebluri
qarTuli
eklesia
saqarTvelosa
da
qarTveli eris gadarCenis mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo da aseTad rCeba dResac.
saukuneTa manZilze qarTul erovnul TviTSegnebas, erovnul TviTmyofadobas,
erovnul Tavmoyvareobas qristianuli eklesia asazrdoebda. qarTuli eklesia
iyo
sulierebis
dampyrobelTa
is
navsayudeli,
Semosevebis
Sedegad
romelic
zogjer
omebis,
srul
sxvadasxva
juris
ganadgurebamde
misul
qarTvelobas sicocxlis gagrZelebis survils da ukeTesi momavlis rwmenas
unergavda.
qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi
udidess
saganmanaTleblo
kerebs
warmoadgendnen. iqaa swored saZiebeli qarTuli damwerlobis hagiografiuli
da saistorio mwerlobis materialuri da sulieri kulturis saTaveebi.
Tanamedrove etapze qarTuli eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnil seriozul
samecniero
sasicocxlo
gamokvlevebis
mniSvneloba
damoukidebeli
Seqmnas
eniWeba.
sruliad
miuxedavad
demokratiuli qveyanaa,
gansakuTrebuli,
imisa,
romelic
rom
dRes
cdilobs
me
vityodi,
saqarTvelo
Tavisi
momavali
saxelmwifoebriobis Senoba samarTlebriv safuZvelze aagos, qarTuli eklesia
sakmaod rTuli problemebis winaSe dgas. upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi
maqvs
Cvens
qveyanaSi
sxvadasxva
konfesiebisa
da
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiisadmi sakmaod agresiulad ganwyobili seqtebis momravleba, ramac ar
SeiZleba ziani ar miayenos saqarTvelos sazogadoebis sulier samyaros da
saukuneTa manZilze gamomuSavebul tradiciebsa da Rirebulebebs.
68
am
viTarebaSi
mTavarepiskoposis
anania
jafariZis
naSromis
gamoCena,
romelic saqarTvelos patriarqis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locvakurTxeviTaa STagonebuli, sinaTlis Suqs hgavs, romelmac qveyanaSi arsebuli
sulieri burusi unda gafantos.
sarecenzio naSroms araerTi Rirseba gaaCnia:
upirveles
yovlisa,
unda
aRiniSnos
misi
wyaroTmcodneobiTi
bazis
simdidre da mravalferovneba. avtori farTod iyenebs ZvelqarTul saistorio
mwerlobas
(~moqcevai
hagiografiis
qarTlisai~-s
Sedevrebs
~martvilobai
wmindisa
sxvadasxva
(~wamebai
evstaTi
wmindisai
mcxeTelisai~,
redaqciebis),
SuSanikisi
~wamebai
qarTuli
dedoflisai~,
haboisi...~,
~wamebai
yrmaTai ricxviT cxraTa~, ~cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai iovane zedaznelisai~ da
sxva), kanonikuri xasiaTis Zeglebs, msoflio saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs,
mociqulTa kanonebs, eklesiis mamebis epistoleebs, saqarTvelos saeklesio
krebebis
kanonebs,
dokumentebs,
Zvel
saeklesio
liturgikul
kanonikuri
Zeglebs,
kodeqsis
saeklesio
qarTul
iuridiul
Targmanebs
(~didi
sjuliskanoni~ da ~mcire sjuliskanoni~).
sadisertacio
gamokvlevaSi
somxurisparsuli
da
gaTvaliswinebulia
bolo
sruladaa
osmaluri
wlebSi
moxmobili
werilobiTi
saqarTveloSi
berZnul-laTinuri,
wyaroebic.
amasTanave
mopovebuli arqeologiuri
monapovari.
yvela CamoTvlili da sxva am rigis aTeulobiT werilobiT wyaroebs
disertanti istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT moSveliebiT iazrebs.
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe
srulad
flobs
arCeuli
sakvlevi
problemis irgvliv dRes arsebul samecniero literaturas. avtori aqac farTo
erudicias da kritikuli analizis misabaZ unars amJRavnebs.
naSromSi
STambeWdavadaa
warmodgenili
qarTuli
eklesiis
Seswavlis
istoria Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli dRemde, efrem mciredan dawyebuli XX
s-is 80-90 wlebSi qarTveli da ucxoeli avtorebis mier Seqmnili samecniero
produqciiT damTavrebuli.
Tamamad
SeiZleba
iTqvas,
rom
mTavarepiskoposis
anania
jafariZis
sadisertacio gamokvleva qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis axal seriozul etaps
warmoadgens.
igi
sakvlevi
problemis
magaliTia.
69
kompleqsuri
Seswavlis
sanimuSo
miuxedavad imis, rom disertaciis qvesaTaurSi sakvlevi periodi Sua
saukuneebiTaa Semofargluli, Tavad naSromSi qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani
istoria Tanmimdevrulad da sistemuradaa warmodgenili.
bunebrivia, rom ~qarTuli eklesiis istoria (~Sua saukuneebi)~ araerT
sayuradRebo da angariSgasawev siaxles Seicavs. mTavari ki mainc isaa, rom
qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani istoria faqtobrivad pirvelad daiwera.
axalia
avtoris
mier
problemis
kvlevis
kompleqsuri
meTodic.
axalia
avtoriseuli argumentebi I-II saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis arsebobis Taobaze.
axalia
disertantis
garemoebaTa,
axali
urTierTmimarTebaTa
Tezasac,
msjeloba
romlis
qarTulSi
religiisa
Sesaxeb.
da
Znelia
Tanaxmadac,
qristianobis
sagareo
ar
politikuri
daeTanxmo
qarTuli
gamocxadebis
orientaciis
avtoriseul
sazogadoeba
zemodan
im
axal
zewolis
miuxedavad, ~Semzadebuli iyo~ IV s-Si oficialur religiad qristianobis
gamocxadebisaTvis. axalia avtoris mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi IV-V ss-Si
qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis lokalizaciis Sesaxebac da a. S.
sadisertacio naSromis struqtura savsebiT Seesabameba mis miznebsa da
amocanebs. igi Sedgeba Sesavalis, Tormeti Tavisa da daskvnisagan. naSroms
axlavs sruliad unikaluri danarTi – wmidaTa saxelebi.
mTavarepiskoposis
Sinaarsi
da
anania
debulebebi
jafariZis
didi
xania,
sadisertacio
rac
farTodaa
naSromis
ZiriTadi
aprobirebuli
Cvens
mkiTxvel sazogadoebaSi. disertantis avtorobiT Seqmnili ortomeuli, 1996-1998
wlebSi gamoqveynebuli ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, imTaviTve
iqca saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis istoriiT dainteresebuli farTo
wreebis
samagido
naSromebze,
wignad.
rogoricaa
igive
SeiZleba
~qarTveli
eris
iTqvas
mTavarepiskoposis
warmoSobis
Sesaxeb~,
Tb.,
iseT
1997,
~qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria~, Tb., 1994, narkvevebze ~saingilo~, Tb.,
1998, ~mesxeTi~, Tb., 1998 da sxva avtoriseul gamokvlevebze.
axla Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls SevajamebT, im erTaderT marTebul
daskvnamde
mivalT,
jafariZis
sadisertacio
saukuneebi)~,
fundamentur
rom
Tbilisi,
sapaeqrod
warmodgenili
mTavarepiskoposis
naSromi
~saqarTvelos
eklesiis
1999,
mecnierul
warmoadgens
gamokvlevas,
70
konceptualurad
romelic
scildeba
anania
istoria
(Sua
mwyobr
axal
sakandidato
disertaciisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs da udavod ufro maRal samecniero
xarisxs imsaxurebs.
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis
saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli
kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge,
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da eTnografiis institutis mTavari mecnier
TanamSromeli, qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezis
kompleqsuri Seswavlis saproblemo
jgufis xelmZRvaneli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori
n. xazaraZe
Tbilisi, 25 ivnisi 1999 w.
gamoxmaureba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciis
avtoreferatze - ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebi didi xania sxvadasxva Taobis
rogorc qarTvelTa, ise araqarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradRebas imsaxurebs. eklesia
Cveni saxelmwifosa da misi mravalsaukunovani istoriis sisxlxorceuli nawili,
arasodes
yofila
gulgrili
im
sazogadoebrivi
procesebis
mimarT,
rasac
periodulad adgili hqonda Cvens istoriaSi. amdenad, ukanaskneli aTwleulis
ganmavlobaSi adamianTa cxovrebaSi momxdarma gardaqmnebma TavisTavad moiTxoves
axleburi damokidebuleba religiuri da saeklesio faseulobebis mimarT. Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT,
rom
mniSvnelovanma
siaxleebma
Tavi
iCina
TviT
eklesiis
cxovrebaSic, maSin advili gasagebi iqneba saqarTvelos patriarqis uwmindesisa da
unetaresis ilia meoris davaleba sinodis wevrebisadmi moemzadebinaT masalebi
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb
msoflio marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, rac ara marto drouli, aramed imis
maniSnebelic iyo, rom aucileblobidan gamomdinare mecnieruli siaxleebis da
RirebulebaTa gadafasebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Seqmniliyo naSromi, romelic
srulad warmoaCenda saqarTvelos eklesiis did Rvawls qarTveli eris, misi
71
saxelmwifoebriobisa da saerTod msoflio qristianobis istoriaSi. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, pativcemuli disertanti movale iyo gaeTvaliswinebina ara marto is
memkvidreoba, rac arsebobda mecnierebaSi sakvlev sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aramed
Seevso kidec isini dRemde ucnobi masalebiT da aseve sruliad axleburad
warmoeCina rigi sakiTxebisa. amis Sesaxeb kargad aris miTiTebuli avtoreferatSi
(ix. gv. 4. - ~samecniero siaxle~)
pativcemuli disertantis mier muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis
meTodologia da meTodebi mas warmoaCens, rogorc fundamentalur mkvlevars,
xolo
misTvis,
azrovneba
rogorc
saSualebas
istorikosisaTvis,
aZlevs
damaxasiaTebeli
avtoreferatSi
analitikuri
mokled
mogvawodos
pirvelwyaroebi, moaxdinos maTi urTierTSejereba da miuxedavad zogierTi
maTganis
mimarT
mecnierebaSi
arsebuli
araerTgvarovani
damokidebulebisa
Tavisi kritikuli poziciac warmoaCinos.
avtoreferatic ki naTlad gviCvenebs mTavarepiskopos anania
jafariZis
mravalwlian da nayofier Sromas, romlis gareSec ver Seiqmneboda is sqeltaniani
ori tomi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriisa, win rom uswrebdnen
warmodgenil disertacias. orive maTgani aris seriozuli samecniero gamokvleva,
romelic ukve qarTvel mkvlevarTa samagido wignebad gamxdaran.
avtoreferatSi
miTiTebuli sakvlev sakiTxTa Tematika iseT speqtrs qmnis,
romelTagan zogierTis gverdis avla avtors, cxadia, SeeZlo, magram dairRveoda
mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa sinqroni, riTac esoden mdidaria referati.
SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos, rom iSviaTia araTu sakandidato, aramed
sadoqtoro disertaciac, romelic Sedgebodes XII Tavisa da 62 paragrafisagan.
marto saTaurebic ki gviCvenebs Tu raoden mravalmxrivia sakvlevi problema.
pativcemuli disertanti Tavisuflad moZraobs
rogorc istoriul sivrceebSi,
ise – mravalwaxnagovan problematikaSi da yvela debulebas, daskvnas Sesabamisi
kriteriumebiT
ganxilul
warmoaCens.
sakiTxTa
miukerZoeblad
sisruliT
bevrad
unda
sWarbobs
iTqvas,
rom
sakandidato
avtoreferati
disertacias,
xolo misi avtori warmogvidgeba rogorc mravalmxrivi mkvlevari, romlis
pirovnebaSic
SesaniSnavad
Serwymula
Rrma
qristianul-marTlmadidebluri
suliereba, didi patriotizmi da mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli obieqturoba.
72
naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom Cvens mier
misma saxelmZRvanelod gamoyenebam universitetis Teologiis specialobis
studentebTan didi mowoneba daimsaxura.
yovelive
zemoaRniSnulidan
gamomdinare,
migvaCnia,
rom
pativcemuli
disertanti, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, avtoreferatSi dasmul sakiTxTa
siaxleebiTa da gadawyvetis originalurobiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis
mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxs.
avtoreferatis
mimarT
gvaqvs
erTi
SeniSvna
sadisertacio
naSromis
saTaurTan dakavSirebiT, sadac frCxilebSi miTiTebulia Sua saukuneebi, albaT
ufro upriani iqneboda saTauri Sua saukuneebis miTiTebis gareSe darCeniliyo,
rameTu warmodgenili masala Tavisi masStabiT aRniSnul epoqaSi ar Tavsdeba
da
dRevandlamde
modis;
gvxvdeba
oriod
teqnikuri
Secdomac
magaliTad:
apeqtebi (unda iyos aspeqtebi), Semdgenili (Semdgeneli) da sxva.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, Cveni Sefaseba ucvlelia samecniero xarisxis
miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT.
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi da warmodgenili disertacia
pirveli
cdaa
im
mravalmxrivi
kavSirebis
aRdgenisa, romelic
saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi amTlianebda Cvens qveyanaSi codnasa da rwmenas, ersa da bers,
eklesiasa da saxelmwifos.
pativcemul disertants vusurvebT warmatebebs sasuliero da samecniero
moRvaweobis rTul gzaze.
Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da
eTikis kaTedris docenti
r. wiqvaZe
Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da
eTikis kaTedris gamge, profesori
73
T. fanjikiZe
recenzia
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom nebismieri qveynis saistorio mecniereba
SeuZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes im qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi sarwmunoebis gareSe,
romelsac misi eri ZvelTagan eziara. aRniSnuli, udavod udgeba qristianuli
sjulis
matarebel
xalxTa
erovnul
istoriografiasac,
romlis
erT-erTi
nimuSic qarTuli istoriuli azrovnebacaa. samwuxarod, nebiT, Tu uneblied
qarTuli
amasTan,
istoriografia
is
valSi
istoriasTan
am
kuTxiT
aRmoCnda
mimarTebaSi.
seriozuli
qarTul
saamiso
vakuumis
marTlmadideblur
mravali
mizezi
sferoSi
eklesiasa
arsebobs:
moeqca,
da
mis
epoqaluri
politikuri kataklizmebi, Sida saxelmwifoebrivi dabneulobani, sasuliero
literaturis friad saxasiaTo Taviseburebani da a.S.
qarTuli qristianuli eklesiis istoriis
mecnieruli Seswavla, misi
daxmarebiT rig politikur-ekonomikur, kulturul viTarebebSi garkveva; misi
istoriis
obieqturi
gaSuqeba
qarTvel
swavlulTa
aucilebel
faqtorad
miiCneoda da eWvgareSea, qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriis Seswavlac mis
gareSec odiTgan SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan eklesia, rogorc mZlavri saxelmwifo
organizacia, istoriulad udides rols asrulebda qveynis saSinao, Tu sagareo
politikaSi, misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovnad mamoZravebeli Zala iyo.
mravali
saukunis
manZilze,
qarTuli
eklesia
gamodioda
qveynis
gaerTianebis iniciatorad, saxelmwifos ideologiis mesaWed, is ideologiurad
aerTianebda sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur fenebs, mniSvnelovani dadebiTi
wvlili Sehqonda sazogadoebriv-politikur moZraobebSi, saTaveSi edga eris
kulturul cxovrebas da a.S. albaT, amiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli
eris
inteleqtualuri
nawili
eklesiasTan
iyo
dakavSirebuli;
qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesia odiTgan moazrovne, erisa da qveynis moWirnaxule,
inteleqtualuri fenis samWedlo iyo.
qarTuli
mentalitetic.
wlebis
swored aq da mis fonze yalibdeba
manZilze,
-
mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs
sabWoTa
periodi – am mimarTulebiT SeZlebisdagvarad mainc keTdeboda sasikeTo saqme.
Tumca, istoriuli materializmisa da uxeSi aTeizmis ganuyofeli batonobis
viTarebaSi eklesiis istoria erT-erT tabudadebul Temad iTvleboda.
74
aseT
viTarebaSi,
misasalmebelia
marTlmadidebluri eklesia
da
is
misi sasuliero
faqti,
rom
qarTuli
krebuli agrZelebs
Tavis
istoriul misias, uzrdis ers sasuliero inteligenciis iseT nawils, romelic
erovnul istoriografias moemsaxureba, romelsac zedmiwevniT aqvs gaazrebuli
is
faqti,
rom
SeuZlebelia
saqarTvelos
istoriis
nebismieri
periodi
sobieqturi Seswavla eklesiis istoriis metad rTul labirinTebSi garkvevis
gareSe. aseTis SesaniSnavi dasturi gaxlavT sajaro paeqrobaze warmodgenili
mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio monografia ~saqarTvelos
eklesiis
msvleloba
istoria
(Sua
qarTuli
saukuneebi)~.
eklesiisa
da
sagulisxmoa,
misi
samwyos
rom
naSromis
mWidro
mTeli
urTierTobaTa
daxasiaTebis fonze iSleba.
sakvalifikacio
naSromis
udides
Rirsebd
migvaCnia
is,
rom
orive
warmodgenili subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebic urTierTSevsebis SesaniSnav
nimuSadaa warmodgenili.
avtori naSromSi ara erT siaxles iZleva: mohyavs saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriis,
rogorc
socialuri
institutis
daarsebis
periodizacia;
misi
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi da a.S.
sakvlevi
Temis
qronologiuri
wyaroebisa
da
damxmare
guldasmiT
da
bejiT
CarCo
literaturis
Sromas
da
didi
iTxovda,
misi
sirTule,
moculoba
rogorc
agreTve,
disetantisagan
naSromis
Sinaarsidan,
sqolioebidan da TandarTuli bibliografiidan Cans, mas am mimarTulebiT
muSaobisas
mcdeloba
ar
dauklia.
SeiZleba
gadauWarbeblad
iTqvas,
rom
sadisertacio naSromi am mxriv sanimuSoa. disertantis mecnierul brunvaSi
Semoaqvs didZali wyaroebi da literatura, romelic dRemde nakleb
cnobili,
Seswavlili, an sruliad ucnob-ukvlevi iyo.
rac yvelaze sagulisxmoa, disertantma
kargad gaarTva Tavi eklesiis
istoriis uamravi masalis damorCilebas da mis mecnierul analizs. misi yoveli
debuleba
saTanado
faqtebiT
dasabuTebulia,
xolo
yoveli
movlena
ganzogadebuli. mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT iTqmis, rom samecniero gamokvleva am
mxrivac sanimuSo da misabaZia.
ZiriTadad dasabuTebulad da gamarTlebulad warmoCinda gamokvlevis
arqiteqtonikac. disertants is dauyvia 12 Tavad, naSroms erTvis Sesavali,
daskvniTi nawili, bibliografia da wmindanTa saxelebis vrceli nusxa.
75
sadisertacio naSromi saerTod Sesrulebulia saTanado mecnierul da
meTodologiur
doneze,
ganzogadoebebs.
moicavs
disertacia
saintereso
da
dasrulebuli
faseul
gamokvlevaa
daskvnebsa
da
da
qarTuli
istoriografiis Tanamedrove donis Sesabamisad wyvets mis amocanebs zemoT
dasaxelebul sferoSi. misi ZiriTadi Rirseba isaa, rom kompleqsur xasiaTs
atarebs da monogafiurad aSuqebs Sua saukuneebis xangrZliv periods.
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs
Tanamedrove
qarTul
istoriografiaSi,
romlis
umniSvnelovanesi
amocanaa
daZlios sabWour periodSi Seqmnili vakuumi da Seqmnas qarTuli eklesiis
istoria. sruli pasuxismgeblobiT
pirveli
da
erTaderTi
axlad
SemoRebuli
SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom is jer-jerobiT
gamokvlevaa, romelic
qarTuli
eklesiis
umaRles
saswavleblebSi
istoriis
disciplinis
saxelmZRvanelos rols asrulebs. sarecenzio Temis aqtualoba, naSromis
wyaroTmcodneobiTi
bazis
soliduroba,
msjelobis
argumentuloba,
safuZvliani daskvnebi saSualebas iZleva warmodgenili naSromi dasrulebul
samecniero gamokvlevad miviCnioT, romelic did wvlils Seitans qarTuli
istoriografiis Semdgomi kvlevis saqmeSi.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis, kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis
kaTedris profesori,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
qeTevan pavliaSvili
gamoxmaureba
mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato naSromze
~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebSi)~
warmodgenili sakvalifikacio Sromis saTauria ~saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria
Sua
saukuneebSi
(XII-XVIII
ss.)~,
Tumca
igi
faqtobrivad,
moicavs
mTlianad saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias ax. w.a. I saukunidan – XX saukunis
CaTvliT. Sromis Sinaarsi gadmocemulia Tormet TavSi. TviToeuli Tavi kidev
moicavs samidan rva paragrafamde.
76
Sromas win uZRvis agreTve Sesavali, romelSic mocemulia
eklesiis
istoriis periodizacia, wyaroebis da istoriografiis mimoxilva. bolos ki
darTuli aqvs wmindanTa saxelebi.
disertanti
ucxour
Tavis
wyaroebsa
da
kvlevaSi
iyenebs
literaturas.
yvela
amave
xelmisawvdom
dros,
avtori
qarTul
da
gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs berZeni saeklesio mkvlevaris – maqsime sardelis mier
gamocemul
masalebs
qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb
(aTeni,
1966;
rusuli Targmani – 1981 w.).
sakvalifikacio Sromis publikaciebidan da avtoreferatidanac kargad
Cans, rom
disertantma gaswia uzarmazari Sroma, raTa uamrav sakiTxTa Soris
SeerCia ZiriTadi, mTavari da mwyobr sistemaSi moeyvana saqarTvelos eklesiis
umdidresi
sulieri
istoria.
amasTanave,
gadarCenisaTvis
Sromis
mizania
saqarTvelos
aCvenos
eklesiis
mier
qarTveli
xalxis
gaweuli
Rvawli.
yuradRebas iqcevs avtoris debuleba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia daarsda I-II
saukuneebSi
da
misi
iurisdiqcia
im
periodSi,
aRmosavleT
da
dasavleT
saqarTvelozec vrceldeboda (avtoreferati, gv. 4).
disertantis damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos, rom man SeZlo Tanabrad,
saqmis codniT, gadmoeca
qarTuli eklesiis istoria
uZvelesi droidan –
dRemde. aseTi ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmna Zalze did energiasa da Sromas
moiTxovs, rasac disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi.
mis Sromas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
bunebrivia,
aseT
mravlismomcvel
naSromTan
dakavSirebiT,
sadavo
debulebebi da sakiTxebic araerTi wamoiWreba.
naSromi warmoadgens mravalwlovani, energiuli gamowvlilviTi kvlevis
Sedegs. igi misaRebia rogorc sakvalifikacio naSromi, xolo misi avtori
imsaxurebs istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatis Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.
q. goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli
institutis, saqarTvelos da msoflio
istoriis kaTedris gamge,
istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
istoriul mecn. kandidati, docenti
77
el. mamisTvaliSvili
v. kiknaZe
winaswari daskvna mTavarepiskopos
anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria
(Sua saukuneebi)~
istoriis
mecnierebaTa
kandidatis
samecniero xarisxis
mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi~ (XIIXVIII ss.) avtori saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida sinodis wevri, mangliswalkis
eparqiis
monografiis
mTavrepiskoposia.
avtoria
da
mas,
meufe
rogorc
anania
jafariZe
sasuliero
ukve
moRvawisa
mravali
da
mecnier
istorikoss, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli, samecniero sazogadoeba.
anania
jafariZis
mosapoveblad
mier
warmodgenili
istoriis
naSromis
mecnierebaTa
vrceli
samecniero
varianti
1996,
xarisxis
1998
wlebSi
gamoqveynda or tomad. dRes gansaxilveli naSromi am ortomiani Sromis mokle
variants warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis
istoriis
aseTi
vrceli
da
yovlismomcveli gamokvleva pirvelad Seiqmna. am metad saintereso naSromis
avtori, rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi aris kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is Zveli
tradicia, roca
qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
monografiebis avtorebad gvevlinebodnen.
sakvalifikacio naSromi 12 Tavisagan Sedgeba (TiToeuli Tavi dayofilia
paragrafebad).
naSroms
darTuli
aqvs
daskvna.
saerTod
disertacia
mravalricxovan saistorio wyaroze da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa
Sesrulebuli.
sadisertacio
aqtualuria.
naSromSi
interesi
gansakuTrebiT
dasmuli
qarTuli
da
eklesiis
ganxiluli
warsulisadmi
gaizarda. TavisTavad cxadia, prosabWour
sakiTxebi
am
bolo
metad
wlebSi
xanaSi aRaraa
is
viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiebis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar
CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs (k. kekeliZe, iv. javaxiSvili, b.
lominaZe da sxvani), komunisturi partiis samocdaaTwliani diqtatis xanaSi
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoriis
Sesaxeb
arcerTi
monografia
ar
gamocemula.
warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT
saqarTvelos
samociquli
eklesiis
istorias
qristianobis
pirveli
saukuneebidan dRemde. masSi dasmuli da ganxiluli yoveli sakiTxi metad
78
aqtualuria
da
saTanado
mecnierul
donezea
Sesrulebuli.
yovlive
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sakvalifikacio Temis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis
wyaroTmcodneobis
baza. avtori
Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul da
ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs konkretuli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
kvlevisas mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier miRebuli zogierTi daskvna
originaluri da yuradsaRebia. yovelive es disertantis mecnierul alRoze da
kvlevis unarze migviTiTebs.
sadisertacio naSroms, romelic ZiriTadad XII-XVIII ss. saqarTvelos
istorias
eZRvneba,
gamaxvilebulia
gamocxadebis
win
IV
uZRvis
s-Si
vrceli
saqarTvelos
sakiTxze.
am
mcire
istoriuli
qristianobis
recenziaSi
mimoxilva.
yuradReba
saxelmwifo
religiad
saSualeba
araa
vrclad
vilaparakoT disertaciaSi wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, mxolod aRvniSnav, rom
yvela
sakiTxi
saqarTvelos
istoriis
fonzea
ganxiluli,
rac
naSroms
sainteresos xdis. disertaciaSi kargadaa warmoCenili qarTuli eklesiis roli
qarTveli xalxis gadarCenisa da TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTul saxelmwifosa da qarTvel ers yvelaze mZime xana erTiani
saqarTvelos
calkeul
Znelbedobisas
samefo-samTavroebad
qarTuli
eklesia
ar
dayofis
iviwyebda
X
Semdeg
s.
daudga.
cnobili
aseT
saeklesio
moRvawis giorgi merCules anderZismagvar mowodebas: ~qarTlad friadi qveyanai
aRiricxebis, romelsac Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Sewirvis da locvaT yoveli
aResrulebis~. marTlac, am Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia yoveli kuTxis
qarTvels patronobda. sadisertacio naSromSi kvleva ZiriTadad im mxrivaa
warmarTuli, rom jerovnad warmoaCinos saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli
Rvawli qarTveli xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis. naCvenebia, rogor ibrZoda
qarTuli
eklesia
calkeul
~saqarTveloebad~
danawevrebul
qveyanaSi
ar
gamqraliyo erTianobis grZnoba.
rogorc naSromSia miTiTebuli, qarTuli eklesia marTalia V s-dan aris
avtokefaluri, magram mas Semdeg rac ruseTis carizmma qarTuli eklesia
ierarqiulad ruseTis sinods dauqvemdebara, qarTulma eklesiam karga xniT
damoukidebloba
bolosdabolos
dakarga.
1943
wels
marTalia,
ruseTis
1917
wels
eklesiam
79
aRdgenili
cno,
magram
avtokefalia
msoflio
anu
konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia
dausabuTeblad miaCndaT. sakamaTo iyo qarTuli eklesiis adgili msoflio
marTlmadideblur
diptixSi.
qarTvel
mecnierTa
da
sasuliero
moRvaweTa
erToblivi muSaobiT, saTanado gamokvlevebSi dadasturebuli iqna qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaloba. am saqmeSi Tavis wvlili Seitana mTavarepiskoposma
anania jafariZem. misi uwmindesobis saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia IIis didi ZalisxmeviT 1990 wels msoflio patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur avtokefalur eklesiaTa rigSi
myarad gansazRvra saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili. sadisertacio naSromSi am
sakiTxze vrcladaa msjeloba. aRniSnulis garda, sakvalifikacio naSromSi
uamravi
sakiTxia
disertantis
mier
axleburad
dasmuli
gamoTqmuli yvela
da
ganxiluli.
mosazreba
marTalia,
SesaZloa
saTanado doneze ar
iyos
dasabuTebuli, zogi daskvna ar gaiziaro, magram maT arsebobis ufleba aqvT.
yovelive Tqmuli safuZvels maZlevs aRvniSno, rom mTavarepiskopos anania
jafariZis
naSromi
saTanado
mecnierul
donezea
Sesrulebuli.
avtori
uyoymanod imsaxurebs Ziebul xarisxs.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa
da EeTnografiis institutis
saqarTvelos Suasaukuneebis ganyofilebis
ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli
e. kaWarava
80

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