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N¶QHHGTVCFGNNCITCPGNNCPGNVGORQGXKVCPFQFKVGPGTUKKPOCIC\ \KPQKNRTQFQVVQURGTCPFQURGUUQKPXCPQEJGKRTG\\KETGUECPQ OCpPGEGUUCTKQEJGN¶KPFWUVTKCOCPIKOKUVKECRTGOKKNRTQFQVVQ PC\KQPCNGKPFKUEWVKDKNOGPVGFKSWCNKViUWRGTKQTGCSWGNNQFKKO RQTVC\KQPG´ (, @e]fidXq`fe\gifdfq`feXc\ LA DIABROTICA DEL MAIS: GENERALITÀ La Diabrotica v. virgifera è riconosciuta la specie più pericolosa tra gli insetti terricoli del mais per gli ingenti danni che può determinare, principalmente causati dalle larve sulle radici. Le larve si muovono nel terreno e raggiungono l’apparato radicale delle piante di mais iniziando ad alimentarsi e penetrare nelle radici determinando l’accorciamento o la loro sparizione e la formazione di fori e gallerie nelle radici rimaste. Le piante danneggiate presentano un indebolimento dell’apparato radicale con allettamenti precoci e successivo tentativo di riportarsi in posizione verticale assumendo la caratteristica forma a gomito detta a «collo d’oca» Come controllare la diabrotica? L’avvicendamento risulta tra i metodi di controllo esistenti quello di maggiore efficacia. L’impiego di altre colture in rotazione garantisce la pressoché totale scomparsa dell’insetto. Le aziende che nello stesso anno necessitano di coltivare mais da trinciato e rispettare la priorità di bonifica dei loro terreni dalla diabrotica dispongono di una grande e nuova opportunità di realizzarla con la semina di varietà KWS del «Team Ronaldinio». Vengono proposti due programmi che rendono possibile produrre trinciato di mais con l’impiego di ibridi precocissimi di classe FAO 150-200. (- 2. Non occorre effettuare il trattamento contro la piralide. 3. Controllo diabrotica: nessuna ovideposizione nell’appezzamento in cui si semina il Sorgo dopo la coltivazione del mais. 4. Primo trinciato di mais di alta qualità disponibile nel nuovo anno con 40-50 giorni di anticipo rispetto agli ibridi tardivi. 5. L’opportunità di coltivare varietà di Mais KWS super precoci (FAO 150) garantisce un ulteriore anticipo nella raccolta e di conseguenza anticipare la semina del Sorgo 6. Si libera il terreno dal sorgo ad inizio-metà ottobre, in tempo utile per seminare un cereale autunno-vernino come triticale, frumento, orzo. PROGRAMMA 2 PROGRAMMA 1 Da applicare nei terreni con alta infestazione di diabrotica che devono essere assolutamente bonificati. In questo caso la «bonifica dalla diabrotica» avviene tramite la coltivazione del cereale autunno-vernino (triticale, frumento, orzo) in quanto la semina del mais nella terza decade di giugno avverrà dopo lo schiudersi delle uova e il conseguente decesso delle larve causato dall’assenza delle radici del mais come nutrimento disponibile. Il mais seminato in successione crescerà senza rischi di allettamento. Da applicare nei terreni con medio/bassa infestazione di diabrotica dove sia ancora possibile coltivare mais, ma necessitano di una bonifica prima di poter seminare la stessa coltura l’anno successivo. In questo caso la «bonifica dalla diabrotica» avverrà durante la coltura del sorgo in quanto la presenza significativa del volo degli adulti maschi e femmine della diabrotica inizia nel momento in cui gli ibridi del Team Ronaldinio sono già stati trinciati, costringendo gli insetti a migrare verso altri campi di mais per alimentarsi evitando in tal modo le ovideposizioni nel terreno coltivato in seconda semina a sorgo. VANTAGGI PROGRAMMA 1 La rotazione annuale «Team Ronaldinio + Sorgo» permette di raggiungere importanti traguardi produttivi e agronomici: 1. Irrigazioni limitate: le piogge primaverili di norma sono sufficienti. Possono rendersi necessari un paio di interventi tra fine maggio e fine giugno. VANTAGGI PROGRAMMA 2 La rotazione annuale «cereale + mais» permette l’ottenimento di importanti traguardi produttivi e agronomici: 1. Permette irrigazioni contenute rispetto all’utilizzo di ibridi più tardivi che costringerebbero a raccolte molto più tardive. 2. Rappresenta la successione ideale dopo un cereale autunnovernino coltivato per trinciato o granella 3. Consente di anticipare la raccolta rispetto ad ibridi tardivi in terza epoca di semina: in questo modo si riesce a seminare un cerale a paglia (triticale). 4. Si dispone di un trinciato di mais di alta qualità ottenuto in un’epoca di semina tradizionalmente a rischio per quanto riguarda l’aspetto qualitativo. 5. Il trattamento tempestivo con insetticidi garantirà inoltre un completo controllo degli adulti di diabrotica ed un efficace controllo della 2^-3^ generazione della piralide. 6. Saranno necessari alcuni anni prima che la popolazione della diabrotica torni a raggiungere livelli preoccupanti. 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KOKFCENQRTKF QZCFKC\QP DTQOCEKNG FKENQTQ DGP\COOKFGOGVQNCENQT8GFKCOQWPCUKPVGUKFGNOQPKVQTCIIKQ ).+(15#6'%1 ÊFCTKNGXCTGEQOGPGNNGCESWGUWRGT¿EKCNKKNOCIIKQTPWOGTQFKUWRGTC OGPVKpFCVQFCNINKHQUCVGGFCNUWQOGVCDQNKVC³CORC´TKURGVVKXCOGPVGPGN GPGNFGKUKVKOQPKVQTCVK Min Max < SQA < LOQ Totali > SQA < SQA < LOQ Totali ANNO 2012 ACQUE SOTTERRANEE PUNTI MONITORAGGIO ACQUE SUPERFICIALI PUNTI MONITORAGGIO LQ (μg/L) > SQA )' Sostanze cercate KXY\ccX[\`c`m\cc`[`ZfekXd`eXq`fe\ 53 31 0,001 0,010 0,050 0,050 0 0 6 0 22 16 28 16 7 20 93 120 Abruzzo Basilicata* Calabria Campania* Emilia-Romagna Friuli-Venezia Giulia* Lazio Liguria Lombardia Marche Molise Piemonte Puglia** Sardegna Sicilia Toscana Umbria Valle d’Aosta Veneto Provincia di Bolzano Provincia di Trento 89 82 20 36 3 57 44 0,001 0,010 0,010 0,005 0,001 0,004 0,001 0,100 0,050 0,050 0,100 0,050 2,500 0,500 1 14 0 1 0 171 5 16 98 14 0 0 30 28 47 51 20 5 9 114 65 64 163 34 6 9 315 98 1 8 21 0 1 36 75 0 107 182 41 17 109 226 137 17 43 0 149 3 262 47 454 50 67 76 65 158 75 78 87 115 191 83 0,002 0,001 0,001 0,005 0,005 0,010 0,010 0,000 0,001 0,030 0,020 0,300 1,000 0,300 0,190 0,050 0,300 0,100 0,500 0,500 15 0 1 2 7 1 0 34 0 1 74 1 2 13 33 10 0 82 3 5 19 57 105 30 105 6 15 73 3 39 108 58 108 45 145 17 15 189 6 45 32 0 2 31 1 1 0 5 0 0 170 1 8 47 31 3 0 67 1 0 152 12 67 85 246 86 55 162 14 12 354 13 77 163 278 90 55 234 15 12 ITALIA 349 253 415 801 1469 152 612 1640 2404 * dati 2011. (**) acque sotterranee, dati 2011. 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Campioni / Sostanze 40 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Campioni / Sostanze 8'0&+6' 2QUKVKXKUQPQCPEJGKFCVKTGNCVKXKCNNGXGPFKVGFKRTQFQVVK¿VQUCPKVCTK+FCVK +56#6KPFKECPQWPCUGPUKDKNGFKOKPW\KQPGFGNNGXGPFKVGFKRTQFQVVK¿VQUCPK VCTKKHQTOWNCVKUQPQRCUUCVKFCCVQPPGNNCVG K RTKPEKRK CVVKXK JCPPQ CXWVQ WP ECNQ RK~ OCTECVQ RCUUCPFQ FC C VQPPGNNCVG ÊFKOKPWKVCKPQNVTGKPOQFQRK~EJGRTQRQT\KQ PCNG NCSWCPVKViFGKRTQFQVVKRK~RGTKEQNQUK OQNVQVQUUKEKGVQUUKEK OGPVTGpCWOGPVCVCSWGNNCFGKRTQFQVVKPQEKXK 3WGUV¶WNVKOQFCVQUGODTCGXKFGP\KCTGWPRK~ECWVQKORKGIQFGNNGUQUVCP\G KPCITKEQNVWTCEQUCRGTCNVTQHCXQTKVCFCNNCRQNKVKECCITKEQNCEQOWPKVCTKCGPC \KQPCNGGFCNN¶CFQ\KQPGFKVGEPKEJGFKFKHGUC¿VQUCPKVCTKCCOKPQTGKORCVVQ ACQUE SUPERFICIALI - PESTICIDI TOTALI 45 Frequenza di ritrovamento (%) %KyCPEJGKPTGNC\KQPGCNHCVVQEJGKNINKHQUCVGGTDKEKFCPQPUGNGVVKXQKORKG ICVQUKCPGNNGEQNVKXC\KQPKCTDQTGGGFGTDCEGGEJGPGNNGCTGGPQPFGUVKPCVG CNNGEQNVWTGCITCTKG 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RGTUKUVGP\CCODKGPVCNGOGPVTGRGTSWCPVQTKIWCTFCNCOCIIKQTRCTVGFGK RTKPEKRKCVVKXKCVVWCNOGPVGWVKNK\\CVKUKRWyCHHGTOCTGEJGKNEQORCTVQCITKEQ NQEQPKNUWRRQTVQFGNNGKPPQXC\KQPKKPOCVGTKCCFQVVCVGEPKEJGEJGJCPPQ TKFQVVQPQVGXQNOGPVGNGFKURGTUKQPKFKRTQFQVVQPGNN¶CODKGPVG+PRTQRQUKVQ OQNVQKPVGTGUUCPVKUQPQKITC¿EKGKPEWKUKTKRQTVCN¶CPFCOGPVQPGNRGTKQ FQFGNNCHTGSWGP\CFKTKVTQXCOGPVQFKCITQHCTOCEKPGNNGCESWG UWRGT¿EKCNKGUQVVGTTCPGG VTGPFKPFKOKPW\KQPGEQPHTQPVCVQEQPKNPWOGTQ FKUQUVCP\GEGTECVGGKNPWOGTQFKECORKQPKRTGNGXCVQ VTGPFKPCWOGPVQ >I8=@:@(\)$=i\hl\eqX[`i`kifmXd\ekf \Xdg`\qqX[\cdfe`kfiX^^`fe\cc\XZhl\ jlg\iÔZ`Xc`\jfkk\iiXe\\ 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Frequenza di ritrovamento (%) Campioni totali Sostanza cercata ACQUE SOTTERRANEE - PESTICIDI TOTALI 45 Frequenza di ritrovamento (%) :fe]X^i`ZfckliX1fiXelfm\Xq`fe` Xc`m\ccfeXq`feXc\\[\lifg\f 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Frequenza di ritrovamento (%) Campioni totali Sostanza cercata 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NKCPKPGKFKXGTUKCPPKUKUKCPQCNNQPVCPCVKUKIPK¿ECVKXCOGPVG FCNNCOGFKC(CGEEG\KQPGUQNQKNSWCPFQNCFKUVCP\C PGICVKXCpUVCVCTGNCVKXCOGPVGRK~EQPVGPWVCTKURGVVQ CNN¶7'FGK2CGUKEJGPGHCPPQRCTVGCVVWCNOGPVG TKURGVVQCNN¶7'FGK2CGUKEJGPGHCEGXCPQRCTVGPGN 0GNVCNGFKUVCP\CpUVCVCTKURGVVKXCOGPVGFGN 7'GFGN 7' .CUKVWC\KQPGKVCNKCPCUKKPUGTKUEGVWVVCXKCPGNNQUVGUUQOGTEC VQQTOCKINQDCNK\\CVQFGINKCNVTK2CGUKEKyEJGECODKCUQPQNG EQPFK\KQPKTGNCVKXGCNNCEQNNQEC\KQPGFGNRTQFQVVQUWNOGTECVQ GCRGUCTGPQPUQPQUQNQNGRKEEQNGFKOGPUKQPKC\KGPFCNKC RGUCTGpUQRTCVVWVVQN¶CU¿UUKCPVGDWTQETC\KCEQPKEQPUGIWGPVK EQUVKIGUVKQPCNKCIIKWPVKXK5KKORQPGWPCTCFKECNGTGXKUKQPG FGNUKUVGOCRTQFWVVKXQKVCNKCPQ 2'5%# #PEQTCKPECNQNCÀQVVCRGUEJGTGEEKCXGPGVC OCKSWCPVKVC VKXKRTQFQVVKPGKRTKOKUGKOGUKFGNFCNNCRGUECOCTKVVKOCUQPQ UVKOCVKKPCWOGPVQFGN +/24'5''1%%72#6+ +N TCRRQTVQ UGIPCNC CPEQTC KP ECNQ KN PWOGTQ FK KORTGUG CITKEQNG KUETKVVGCNNG%COGTGFK%QOOGTEKQFGN8GPGVQUEGUQCWPK ViEQPWPCÀGUUKQPGFGNPGKRTKOKPQXGOGUKFGNTKURGV VQ CNNQ UVGUUQ RGTKQFQ FGN +P PQVGXQNG TKFW\KQPG CPEJG INK QEEWRCVKKPCITKEQNVWTCUEGUKPGKRTKOKVTGVTKOGUVTKFGNCEKTEC WPKVi KPVGTGUUCPFQKPOCIIKQTGOKUWTCKNCXQTCVQTK KPFKRGPFGPVK TKURGVVQCSWGNNGFKRGPFGPVK +P¿PGUKTGIKUVTCWPPWQXQFG¿EKVFGNNCDKNCPEKCEQOOGTEKCNGXGPGVC FGK RTQFQVVK CITQCNKOGPVCTK TGNCVKXC CN VGT\Q VTKOGUVTG EJG UK UVKOC KP CWOGPVQ FGN TKURGVVQ CNNQ UVGUUQ RGTKQFQ FGN EJGRCUUCFCCOKNKQPKFKGWTQWPTKUWNVCVQFQXWVQ C WP CWOGPVQ FGNNG KORQTVC\KQPK RK~ EJG RTQRQT\KQPCNG TKURGVVQCNNCETGUEKVCFGNNGGURQTVC\KQPK 4KOCPGKPXGEGKPXCTKCVQKNPWOGTQFGNNGKORTGUGCVVKXGPGNN¶KPFWUVTKC CNKOGPVCTG )* Il Patronato Enapa (Ente nazionale assistenza patrocinio agricoltori), istituito dalla Confederazione generale dell'agricoltura italiana nel 1992, è al servizio gratuito degli agricoltori, dei coltivatori diretti e di tutti i cittadini per l'assistenza gratuita nel campo sociale, previdenziale e sanitario. Il Patronato fornisce consulenza, informazione e assistenza secondo quanto previsto dalla legge 152/2001. Tutti gli agricoltori e i cittadini possono rivolgersi al Patronato Enapa per lo svolgimento di pratiche in materia di: previdenza Inps, Inpdap, calcolo pensione, trasmissione telematica domande di pensione Inps, connessione telematica banca dati enti previdenziali ed assistenziali, disoccupazione, cure termali, indennità maternità lavoratrici autonome, invalidità civile, attività diverse di informazione sostegno e assistenza in campo socio sanitario, assistenza Inail. Sedi provinciali in Veneto BELLUNO - Via Zuppani 5 - 32100. Tel. 0437/943196 Fax 0437/942172 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Giorgia Fant PADOVA - ALBIGNASEGO - Strada Battaglia 71/c - 35020. Tel. 049/8223562 Fax 049/8223526 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Piercarlo Cavinato ROVIGO - Piazza Duomo 2 - 45100 Tel. e Fax 0425/204422-425 Email: [email protected] - [email protected] - Email PEC [email protected] - Responsabile: Paola Zerbinati TREVISO - CASTAGNOLE DI PAESE - Via Feltrina 56/b - 31038. Tel. 0422/592080 Fax 0422/410168 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Gianfranco Simion VENEZIA - MESTRE - Via C. Monteverdi 15 – 30174. Tel. 041/950919 Fax: 041/958398 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Daniela Meneghello VICENZA - Viale Trento 197 - 36100. Tel. 0444/288588 Fax 0444/288351 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Eleonora Toniolo VERONA - Viale Del Lavoro 52 - 37135 Tel. 045/8628850 - Fax 045/8202999 Email: [email protected] - Responsabile: Carla De Berti. Addetti: Francesca Avesani, Maria Teresa Sartori Un servizio promosso dalla Confagricoltura ENAP
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