Fresh-water Crabs of Taiwan - NAOSITE

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Title
Fresh-water Crabs of Taiwan
Author(s)
Hwan, Jiuan-Jiuan; Mizue, Kazuhiro
Citation
長崎大学水産学部研究報告, v.57, pp.1-21; 1985
Issue Date
1985-02
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/10069/30385
Right
This document is downloaded at: 2015-02-01T01:43:49Z
http://naosite.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ.,
1
No.57 (1985)
Fresh-water
Jivan
The authors
collected
species, including
litterata,
Nanhaipontamon
of fresh-water
(Isolapotamidae):
and
Eriocher
23 places
in Taiwan.
japonicus,
taiwanensis
Candidiopotamon
G. miyazakii
of these crabs
MIZUE
from
Somoniathelphusa
G. Candidiensis
of some
crabs
species, were found:
(Grapsidae);
formosanum
chiui,
Distributions
mountain
specimens
sp.
of Taiwan
HWANG1)and Kazuhiro
an undescribed
Varuna
Geothelphusa
-Jivan
Crabs
E. rectus,
Ten
Varuna
(Parathelphusidae);
rathbuni
(Sinopotamidae);
(Potamidae).
are limited
either
in east
or west
of the central
range of Taiwan.
Edwards
and Eriocheir
De Haan.
Introduction
Key
Fresh - water crabs
creeks and springs
mediate
are plentiful
of Taiwan.
They are inter-
hosts of the lung fluke which is injurious
to the health of both humans
Ten species
presenting
collected
waters.
in the rivers,
(including
one new species)
five families
by
the
teristics,
and
authors
This paper
habitat
six
in
describes
genera
rewere
Taiwan
fresh-
the main
charac-
and distribution
presents a classificasion
the first pleopod.
Collection,
and animals.
of them
based on the shape
and
to the
genera
1. The
merus
the
a tuft of hair,
the propodus
auriculate,
of
the
the plams
present
Most
among
found
two
1)
than
between
of the
crabs
genera
in
The
A gap
is
family
are
or on sand,
some
species
found
are
on
floating
timbers.
We
found
of this
family;
Varuna
H.
Milne-
Address
National
as of April
Taiwan
hair,
strongly
the propodus
flattend
and
torial. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
nataVaruna
De Haan,
is rectangular,
vaulted.
The
front
1835
flattened
rarely
and
exceeds
the width of the carapace.
are four teeth behind
the orbital
angle
and the last tooth is minute.
The palms
of the
cheliped
are bearded
The endopod
maxillipeds.
this
Eriocheir
maxilliped
legs
more than one-third
squarish.
region.
the two external
the rocks
clinging
and
the rear
with
of the ambulatory
lack
ambulatory
as long
of the cheliped
of the external
The carapace
Dana,1851
is depressed
is broader
palms
legs cylindrical. •••••••••••••••
2. The merus
There
The carapace
Taiwan
of
and Discussion
Grapsidae
from
maxillipeds
as it is wide,
somewhat
front
of the external
Genus Eriocheir
Measurement
Family
of Grapsidae
fresh-waters:
of the
margin
articulates
of
with a tuft of soft
hair.
with the middle portion
the merus
of the
external
maxilliped.
Two species were found;
De Haan
and E. rectus
Eriocheir
Stimpson.
1986:
College of Marine Science and Technology,
Keelung,
Taiwan.
japonicus
2
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
Key to the species of genus Eriocheir：
2． The front edge wavy， the palms of the cheli−
1． The front edge straight， the palms 6fh the
peds covered with thick hair．・・． E． J’aponicus
chelipeds covered with a patch of hair on the
outside．・・・・・・… ’・・・・… ．・・・… E． rectus
e
26
・L Tai−Pei
Tao一一 ’〉 ”M ”一 e N・
ク
24e
ぐ「uan （’ 1．ノ：／
N． L・．《ゾノ
220N
e’Xt k r’
Hsin一
’k．NChU 3 c7．12 ，．iyt’ 2i
120e 12ie・ 1220E
、・4ソエーLan．
改ao喪三ニン《γ干し了2
1：Shuang−Shi
2：Tsang−Hsin
．v．
6 ，・
3：Chu−Pei
●！・一・
Tai−Chung ．
Fγノ
4：Kuang−Hsi
．／
’、／’v’ 1＞
5 ： Ta一一Hu
ヘノ
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Tsan−
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6：Ten一工、in
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7：Hsin−Yi
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l HsfTa一
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ノ、
ノ
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Chia−yi ，9 ”Tt；，’N／
福恥ブイλ、
・
／
／
12：Ryou−Kuei
@ ● ’v．
r・
，
ー一．ノ
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w
P
気一．ノ・＼
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／
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@矯＼＼
⋮
！4
−一
Kao−Hsiung ；
柑（
A．X．’N．
ハu
ノ
／●一．
！■噂．ノゴ’
@ w
8●
1
’Tai−Tung
13：Chia一一Shen
14 ： Wu−T’a z’
15：工一La
16：Ping−Tung
17：Su−Chpng−Shi
18：Shian−L：n
19：Ta−Wu
20：Sou−Fong
21：Ta−Tung
22：Lo−Tung
23：工一工ian
Fig． 1 Collection places in Taiwan
3
No．57 （1985）
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．，
ETiocheir joponicus De Haan． 1835
Chu−Pei， Hsin−Chu county． 1 S ， 1 1 ． Sep．
（Fig．2）
8．1983． Yu leg．
Eriocheir J’aponicus： Edwards 1853， p． 176；
Shuang 一Shi， Taipei County， 1 C，3 ￥￥．June
Ortmann 1893． p． 716； Doflein 1902， p． 665；
6， 1982． Yu leg．
Ta−Hu． Miao−li County， 4 X X． 3 ￥g ．
Panning 1938， p． 105； Sakai 1976， p． 664， pl， 221
July 25， 1984． Hwang leg．
Material examined：
Tsang−Hsin． Tao−Yuan county， 1 C ，1 9 ．
Lo−Tong， 1−Lan county， 8 S S，2 ￥￥．Nov．23，
July． 27， 1984． Hwang leg．
1983． Hwang leg．
Ta−Wu． Tai−Tung county． 1 X ． July 31． 1983．
Ping−Tong county， 1 X ． Nov． 23， 1983．
Hwang leg．
浅
Hwang leg．
A
B
1〈7”・“’一“一一”””一’・・． ℃￥
一一 ’一t ’一’
N
価 ● ■
，
”●’”●”￥き
fi−V
／iT
写
，
’・． ’ち・
．曹．．．．．．輸r9ノ∫
，
’
，
ロも
ノ
．
ii／””””’：’IZi ’’’
，
＼’”1
ロロ
「屍 ℃
4mm
C
E
4mm
へ
D
t
亥
、
織㍉寒・、，
1参’ii4．
一一一
、
・・
N
馳
． 6
ら
●
D 、・
○ ●
●
sN ”’
魅，
ロコ
一l
；
s，1
o ．
躍 ● ら ●
’
∫
のづロ
レ
● ・
．． ●
．
ロも
．を’．．．い・τ
．ご
．b ●畢・唱。
’7
●
’
’
’
’
：・も・．旨噺1・
r．一
「
’
．こ．・。畠，・
〆
ののトー一一 ’．
．2mm 一・
＿．一一一．3mm
4mm
Fig．2 Eriocheirノαponicus
A：Carapace B：Abdomen of male C：Adbomen of female
D：Third maxilliped E：Dorsal view of first．pleopod
ロノ
’、，
’
．ぐ．
吾
馬
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
4
1 （1｝， 35．5 mrn
Measurements：
’1．X ， 38 mm CB （Carapace breadth）， 34．5 mm
CB， 36 mm CL； 1 SP一， 31．5 mm CB，
32．5 mm CL．
CL （Carapace length）； 1 ？， 48．5 mm CB． 51 mm CL．
The carapace is flat and is more depressed
The carapace is squarish and flat， but the
than that of E．」’aponicus． The frontal margin
antero−lateral margin is a little convergent．
is almost straight． The antero−lateral margin
The front edge is wavy． The surface of the cara−
has three large and one rudimentary teeth． The
pace is flat and smooth with an H−shaped
chelipeds are provided with a patch of hair only
groove in the central region． The chelipeds are
on the outer side of the palm． The ambulatory
symmetrical and covered with thick hair on both
legs have growths of short dark hair just like
the outer and inner sides of the palm．
that of E． joponicus．
There is a spine on the distal part of the
medial margin of the carpus of the chelipeds．
Distribution：
The length of the ambulatory legs is one and a
This species is found only in Taiwan and
half te two times that of the carapace． The dis−
northern China．
tal three segments of the ambulatory legs have
short hairs in longitudinal rows．
Remarks：
This species was first found in southern China
Distribution：
by Stimpson （1858）． Though closely related to
Taiwan， Hong Kong， Mainland China， Japan
E． joponicus． the crab has 1） flatter carapace，
and its archipelago， north and east coast of
2） nearly straight front edge， and 3） chelipeds
Korea． Vladiovostock and Sakhalin．
bearing dense hair only on the outer side of the
Remarks：
Shen （1932） reported collection of this species
E． J’aponicus is the only fresh−water crab
from northern China． However， his description
eaten in Taiwan and it is the second inter−
and figures suggest that his specimen was E．
palm．
mediate host of the lung fluke paragonmus，
leptognathus． Moreover， Kemp （1918） once cla−
pulmonalis・（Baelz，1880）
ssified this species as the juvenile of E． sinensis．
The specimen we collected indicates that it is
EriocheiT rectus Stimpson， 1858
certainly different from both E． japonicus and
（Fig． 3； pl． IA）
E． sinensis．
Eriocheir rectus： Stimpson 1907， p． 125； Kemp
1918， p． 232； Tesch 1918， p． 107； Sakai 1935，
p． 5； Edwards 1938， p． 107； Panning 1939， p． 107；
Sakai 1939， p． 669， pl． 109， fig． 3； 1976． p． 647，
figs． 355a−c．
Material examined：
Sou−Fong． Hwa−Lien county． 1 8 ．
Aug． 22，
1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Shian−Lin， Ping−Tong county， 1 C ．
1983． Hwang leg．
Measurements：
Nov． 26，
No．57 （1985）
’BulL Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．
︵
﹂境
A
5
’㌘望
t
／
亀
4mm
D
聡﹂
難
E
4㎜
二．1凸｝1，
．｛ t；
e： tr．：
．T，tlt．r；，z．M．i ，．
．；ti
彫
㌶馬x
：1・／rr
，
’．、ノ㌦
?堰@l・：
・・
卿繁多，
D・
し
”
びロ
業
一一一
奪
t’
；，．t
●
■ σ
ρ
■
唖
コ
伽‘『！’
’‘’。・
lt
・ 8
・ ♂
の
の ■ ● Oo●．
一 ’ン
ゼ．ま
葡 2mm 一葡
Fig．3 ETiocんeir rectus
A：Carapace B：Abdomen of male C：Abdomen of female
D：Third maxi至liped E：Dorsal view of first pleopod
Genus Varuna H． Milne−Edwards， 1830
Remarks：
The genus includes only two species；V．1碗ε一
The carapace is flattened and depressed． The
rata （Fabricius） and V． tomentosa Pfeffer． The
front is horizontal and straight． The upper or−
fomer is widely distuributed in the lndo 一Pacific
bital margin is notched conspicuously， the third
region； the latter is known only from East
maxilliped is auriculate and the palp articulates
Africa．
at the subdistal upper ．anterior margin． The
exognath is narrower than the ischium． The
Varuna litterata （Fabricius， 1798）
ambulatory legs are flattened and heavily fringed
（Fig． 4； pl． IB）
at both margins．
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan，
6
VaTuna litterata： Edwards 1853， p． 176； Ortmann
Yu−Chin， Tai−Nan county， 2 22 ． Nov． 12， 1983
1893， p． 713； De Man 1898， p． 112； Alcock 1900，
Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
p． 401； Dorflein 1902， p． 664． Schenkel 1902．
Ta−Tong， 1−Lan county， 7 S g，6 ￥￥． Nov．
p． 545； Lenz 1905， p． 370； Stimpson 1907， p． 124；
1983． Hwang leg．
Kemp 1918 p．230； Tesch 1918， p． 85； Sakai 1935，
Shian−Lein， Ping−Tong county， 4 S e ． Nov． 25
p． 227， pl． 63， fig． 2； Barnard 1950， p． 122，figs．
1983． Hwang leg．
22 （c）， 23（f）， 24（d）； Crosnier 1965， p． 34 figs．
Lo−Tong， 1−Lan county， 5 S g， 7 ￥￥．July 20，
40−1． 46，pl； 6 fig． 1．
1984． Hwang leg．
Material examined：
Su−Chong−Shi， Ping−Tong county， 2 S g ．
Measuremant：
july 14， 1982． Yu ＆’Hwang leg．
1 1），45．8 mm CB， 41．5 mrn CL；1 fiP‘，43 mm CB，
Sou−Fong． Hwa−Lien county， 2 C g ，2 ￥￥．
40 mm CL．
Aug． 22 mm 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
︶
A
．；2，
．髪
’
s
t
、。＝
＼こ／
ーノ扁
、‘．．．
s
︻﹂，
i＞il）tsl
璽● ：，﹂OO
短
ニヤロココロコロココ
r
、
・、㍗
●，・．∵，，0 ，
ぎざ・｝
F
．．，㌧−
．． ■．一ン● ． ●．，．ゴ㌦
§購
4mm
へ
●塗・
?ﾜ’．・，．．
@，，・
も
2mm
．扁 3mm
Fig．4 Vαrunαlitteratα
A：Carapace B：Abdomen of male C：Abdomen of female
D：Third maxilliped E：Dorsal view of first pleopod
F：Lateral view of first pleopod
Bull．．Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．
No．57 （1985）
7
The carapace is depressed， flattened， glabrous
Genus Somaniathelphusa ，Bott， 1968
and pitted． The antero−lateral margin is very
The carapace is smooth， there are three
thin with three teeth including the outer orbital
spines behind the outer orbital angle； the first
tooth． The front edge is straight． An H−shaped
pleopod is trumpet−shaped with a broad base
mark is present between the mesogastric region
gradually tapering to a slender distal end， and
and the cardiac region． There is a gap between
it is contorted towards the outside ．
the external maxillipeds． The distal region of
The only species in Taiwan is S． taiwanensis
the first pleopod is bilobed and concave． ln the
Bott．
female， the abdomen covers the whole of the
sternum and has a hairy margin． The ambula−
Somaniathelphusa taiwanensis Bott，1968
tory legs are swimming paddles and are fringed
（Fig． 5； pl． IC）
with hairs．
Potamon （Paratelphusa）．sinensis： Parisi 1916，
Distribution：
p． 169．
From the lndo−Pacific region， the east coast
Pαrαtんelphusα（Pαrαthe’lphusα）S珈ηsゴs3 Make
of Africa through Taiwan to Japan．
M． and H． Tsuchiya 1923， p． 155， pl． 19 fig． 5．
Remarks：
p． 113， pl．21 figs． 48−50， pl．30 fig． 83．
Somaniathelphusa S inensis taiwanensis： Bott 1970，
This crab is called the ‘flat crab’ in the
Somaniathelphusa taiwanensis： Minei 1974，
countryside of Taiwan since its carapace is very
p．240， fig． 1．
flattened． This kind also lives in brankish water
and is found clinging to floating objects in the
Material examined：
sea．
Mei−Shan， Chia 一Yi county， 7 X C ，2 ￥￥． Nov．9，
1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Varuna sp．
Measurements：
In appearance， this species is very simillar
1 （！），25．8 mm CB， 21．3 mm CL；1 SP一 24．9 mm CB，
to Varuna litterata but many characteristics
20．5 mm CL．
are different． The authors consider this to be a
new species which will be described in detail
The carapace is very smooth and a little
in later paper．
convex， especially in the branchial region， the
front region is protuberant and the orbital re−
Family Parathelphusidae Colosi， 1920
gion is sunken．
The antero−lateral margin has four acute
The palp of the mandible has two parts， and
spines including an outer orbital spine． The
the subfrontal region is triangular in shape with
pOstero−lateral’margin has many short striae．
the base upwards．
The epigastric ’ 窒?№奄盾氏@is divided by a little
The antero−lateral margin has two or three
groove． The’ モ?窒魔奄モ≠戟@groove forms a clear ‘H’
spines behind the orbital angle． The abdomen
mark on the middle of the carapace． The dacty−
of the male in most cases is T−shaped and slen−
lus is long， the cutting edges oppose each other
der． The first pleopod is particularly short with
almost without ’ ≠獅凵@intervening space． There
the last two segments fused together and slender
is a big sharp spine on the inner side of the
with a spiral apex．
carpus and a small spine on the upper surface
This family has only one genus in Taiwan，
of the merusi on each cheliped．
Somaniathelphusa Bott．
The external maxillipeds seldom have a gap
8
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water C．rabs of Taiwan
︵二
t
A
．詳．’・
“ノ
！ノ
．㌣＼
、、㌧
4mm
B
4mm
D
／♂し∼4」
E
〃ノ
く
プ
阻v〆
ノ
一 t
ノ
d
，
，
璽
，
，
日，♂
，
．
へ
：x，
！’
^ノ
トー一一一一一一一一一一→
）一一一一一・一一・一一一一一・一
4mm
一 X一．一’
3mm
2mm
Fig． 5 Somaniathelphusa taiwanensis
A ： Carapace B ： Abdomen of male C ： Abdomen of female
D ： Third maxilliped E： Dorsal view of first pleopod
between them， the exognath of the third maxi−
distinct species because of the following features：
11iped is very narrow and the width of the merus
1） the shape of the first pleopod， 2） the striae
is greater than the length． The abdomen of the
of the post−orbital region， 3） the adult size， 4）
male is T−shaped， the last segment is semielli−
the antero−lateral teeth． Therefore， the present
ptical and the base of一 penultimate segment is
name is used．
broader proximally than distally．
Family lsolapotamidae Bott， 1970
Distribution：
This species has never been found in any other
The palp of the mandible is simple． The distal
place except Chia 一Yi county of Taiwan．
end of the first pleopod is not conical， it is either
Remaks：
cut trans−versely or round in shape．
According to Bott 1968， this species is a sub−
In Taiwan there is only one genus．
species S． sinensis （H．Milne−Edwards， 1．853）．
Nanhaipotamoh Bott．
However， Minei（1974） proposed that it was a
Genus Nanhaipotamon Bott， 1968
9
No．57 （1985）
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．，
p． 156， pl． 8． fig． 16．
Isopotamon （Nanhaipotamon） formosanum： Bott 1968，
p． 124， fig． 9．
The last segment of the first pleopod is flat
ATanhaipotamon formosanum formosanum： Bott 1970，
and triangular．
p． 195， fi g． 8．
One species isfoundinTaiwan， Ar． formosanum
Nαnh卿otαmonノ’ormosαnum：Minei 1974， p．248
（Parisi）．
figs．10−12．
IVanhaipotamon formosanum ：（Parisi， 1916）
Material examined：
（Fig． 6； pl． ID）
Mei−Shan， Chia−Yi county， 1 C ．
魑．．
C
ρ，
︵
A
Nov． 9， 1982．
Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Potamon （potamon） for7nosanum： Parisi 1916，
鴨こ≧
t 一一
，♂
C渚
！，，， 1
一：一一一一一’ 一ts一一t一一s一＋sd一：t
，
噛
一
｛鱒
E
，濤
一
F
馬
磨
猛，ノ
障（ク，’
コ
ト＿＿→ ．2mm 3mm
4mm
Fig．6 Nαnhαipotαmon fomosαnum
A：Carapace B：Abdomen of male C：Abdomen of female
D：Third maxilliped E：Dorsal view of first pleopod
F：Lateral view of first pleopod
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
・10
Bai 一Ho， Tai 一Nan county， 3 C X ， 1 ￥． Nov．14，
Genus Candidiopotamon Bott， 1967
1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
In this genus the first pleopod is spiral in
Measurements：
shape and twisted backwards， the distal region
1 （1）， 30 mm CB， 24．2 mm CL： 1 Sii一 i 36．8 mm CB，
is twisted inwards．
29．5 mm CL．
Only one species is found in Taiwan．
The’ carapace is smooth and strongly convex
Candidiopotamon rathbuni （De Man， 1914）
in an antero−posterior direction． The front is
（Fig． 7； pl． II A）
very deflexed， and is less than a−third of the
breadth of the carapace． The depth is about two−
Potamon （potamon） rathbuni： thbuni： Parisi 1916，
thirds of the maximum breadth of the cara−
p． 153； Maki ＆ Tsuchiya 1923， p． 153． pl． 19
pace． The cervical groove is very faint． The
fig． 12．
post orbital region has a groove which extends
Potamon rathbuni： Koba 1936a， p． 202， fig． 1；
from the antero−lateral margin inwards on
1936b， p．166， pl． 2． fig．1； Pretzmann 1963，
bothsides． The edge ridge ・of the merus of the
p． 365， pl． 4， fig． 15．
external maxilliped is prominent； the middle
Candidiopotamon rathbuni； Bott 1967， p． 210．
reglon ls concave．
fig．10； Bott 1970， p．189． pl．40 fig．74， pl．55
The first pleopod is almost triangular in
fig．75； Minei 1974， p．246． figs．7−8．
shape at its distal end， and appears twisted
when viewed from the lateral side． The chelipeds
Material examined：
are similar in shape but different in dimensions．
Mei一 Shan． Chia−Yi county． 6 C S ，2 ￥￥．
The walking legs are little slender． The color
Nov． 9， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
is greenish−yellow in the living state．
1−La， Ping−Tong county， 10 g C ，7 ￥ 7 ．
June 12， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Distribution：
Ten−Lin， Tai−Chung county， 1 e ． Aug． 28，
Taiwan only．
1982． Yu leg．
Chia−Shen． Kao−Hshiung county． 3 X C ． July
Remarks：
13． 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
This species resembles N． yaeoruma Minei
Wu−Tai． Ping−Tong county， 6 S X，3 ￥ 1 ．
1973， and N． globosum （Parise，1916）． Pretzmann
July 11， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
（1963）， Bott（1968） and Minei （1974）had already
Ryou−Kuei， Kao−Hsiung county， 5 X e ， 1 ？．
pointed out that this species differs distinctly
Apr． 18， 1983． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
from N． yaeyuma and N． globosum in the first
Su−Chong−Shi， Ping−Tong county， 7 X 2 ，
pleopod．
4 ￥1 ． July 14， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Ta一 Hu， Miao一 Li county， 3・X g，4 ￥￥．July 25
Family Sinopotamidae Bott， 1970
1984． Hwang leg．
Tung−Pu， Nan−Tou county， 1 X ．1 ￥． July 24，
・The palp of the mandible is simple； The first
1984． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
pleopod is twisted inwards and is mostly short
and blunt．
Measurements：
Only one genus is found in Taiwan which is
1 1）， 38．5 mm CB， 31．9 mm CL； 1 SF・，
Canclidiopotamon Bott．
31 mm CL．
37．8 mm CB，
The carapace is a little flattened in the
No．57 （1985）
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．
11
ノ鯛
／＾＾∬
B
、t
A
獅
若
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／
！ ●
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O
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．
o 欄
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．
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，
．
，
．．．
●
．
’ノ’
6
暉
O
O
．
C
E
4mm
H繍
，
−o
幽
避
・
，
．
，
伽
● ・
．
．
．
．
t
・
ロゆ，
・層 1 ・
「
．
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．
，
．
●
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，
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9 ■
●
●
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．
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匡、一
● ●
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9
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、
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．
O
0
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．
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●
，．
・
O
・
，
・
，
．
．
，
，
噛
腎
，
4mm
2mm
3mm
Fig． 7 Candidiopotamon rathbuni
A ： Carapace B ： Abdomen of male C ： Abdomen of female
D ： Third maxilliped E ： Dorsal view of first pleopod
middle region and the posterior region of the
Distribution：
carapace is smooth． The front is slightly de−
Taiwan only．
flexed． protuberant and straight． The post
frontal crest is distinctly convex， the antero−
Remarks：
lateral margin is conspicuously crenulate and
C． rathbuni is closely allied to C． okinawaense，
this region bears vesiculous granules． The ex−
C． kumejimense and C． amamense． Nevertheless，
ternal maxillipeds rarely have a gap in between
we can recognize one from another by the first
them． The first pleopod is spiral． The chelipeds
pleopod and the post orbital region．
are similar in shape but one is a little smarller
than the other． The colour is orange−red in the
Family Potamidae Ortmann， 1896
living state．
The first pleopod is narrow． points outwards
12
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
and the distal end is conical．
times as long as broad．・・・・・・・・… ’・’”2
This family has only one genus in Taiwan，
−Big size， carapace very convex， antero−
it is Geothelphusa Stimpson．
lateral margin more smooth and faint than
the others， synovial membrance over five
Genus Geotん吻husαStimpson，1858
times as long as broad．・・・・・・・… G． chiui
2． Small in size． antero 一 lateral margin crenu−
The first pleopod is sword shaped． slender，
late， epibranchial region has many tuber−
long and curved outwards． Three species are
cles， the distal three segments of the
fo．und in Taiwan： G． chiui Minei， G． candidiensis
ambulatory legs have many spines and bris−
Bott．’
tles in rows．・・・・・・・・・・… G． canclidiensis
@and G． miyazakii （Miyake and Chiu）．
−Medium size， an obtuse spine or notch after
Key to the species of genus Geothelphusα：
the outer orbital angle． the epibranchial
と
region smooth．・・・・・・・・・・… ． G． miorazahii
1．Medium or small in size， carapace is a little
convex， synovial membrane never over five
、
誌
A
B
，8見．ド
、
’
甲
一
胃
一
冒
鴨
一
F一
’
’
一
c
s
一一
4mm
皿一
−
4mm
t r−
1 一
4mm
Fig． 8
Geo孟ん吻枷sαcんiui
A：Carapace B：
D：Third maxilliped
2mm
へ
’
ρ
へ
3mm
Abdomen of male C ： Abdomen of female
E： Dorsal view of first pleopod
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．，
No．57 （1985）
13
Geotん吻んusαchiui Minei，1974
Potamon （Geothelphusa） obtusipes： Miyake 1963
（Fig． 8； pl． II B）
p．66， fig．4．
Geothelphusa dehaani candidiensis： Bott 1967，
Geo置ん吻husαc伽た Minei 1974， p．243，
figs． 4， 5， 6E， F．
p．122， pl．10， fig．12； 1970， p．157， pl．40 figs．62．
63． pl．53 fig． 64．
Geo孟ん吻んusαcαnclidiensis：Minei 1973， p．212，
Material Examined：
figs．7， 9E F； 1974， p．214， fig． 2， 6A， B．
Shian−Lein， Ping−Tong county， 1 C ， 1 ￥．
Nov． 25， 1983． Hwang leg．
Material Examined：
Su−Chong−Shi， Ping−Tong county， 2 e e ，
Sou−Fong， Hwa−Lien county． 3 C ￠，4 ￥￥．
4 ￥ i ． July． 14， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Aug． 22， 1982． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Ta−Hu， Miao−Li county， 2 2 S，1 ￥． July 25，
Tsang−Hsin， Tao−Yuan county． 8 C e，5 ？ 9 ．
1984． Hwang leg．
July 27， 1984． Hwang leg．
Kuang−Hsi， Hsin−Chu county， 1 g 1 ￥．July
Kuang−Hsi， Hsin−Chu county． 4 C S ，2 7 ￥．
26． 1984． Hwang leg．
July 26． 1984． Hwang leg．
Measurements：
1 G ， 35．2 mm CB， 27．4 mm CL； 1 ￥， 43．2 mm
Measurements：
CB， 33．8 mm CL．
1 1）， 18．6 mm CB， 14．5 mm CL； 1 Eii’ ， 20．2 mm CB，
15．2 mm CL．
The carapace is very convex from front to aft．
Front is straight， behind the outer orbital angle
The carapace is smooth and a little convex in
there is no spine or notch． Antero−lateral
an antero−posterior direction． The antero−
margin is smooth． The cervical groove is faint
lateral margin is crenulated． The orbital and
The chelipeds are unequal in dimension． There
frontal margin are rimmed but not strongly．
is a big gap in between cutting edges of the big
The outer orbital tooth is blunt， the surface
chelae． The length of the merus of external
of the postero−lateral margin has faint oblique
maxilliped is a little less than the breadth． The
rugae． The chelipeds are different in dimension
first pleopod is slender and straight， synovial
in the male， and there is a big gap between the
membrance is about one−third time the length
cutting edges of the big hand． The ambulatory ．
of the first pleopod． Ambulatory legs are
Iegs arecovered with tufts of bristles and spines．
scatterred with very short bristless．
Distribution
Distribution：
Taiwan and Ryukyu archipelago．
Taiwan only
Remarks：
Remarks：
This species aJlied to G． miorazakii but differs
In this species， the shape of abdomen in both
in the size of the chelipeds of the male． Bott
sexes and first pleopod are almost the same as
（1970） classified this spfcies in subgenus G．
G．miyazakii and G chiui． But the overall
deんα面． However， Minei 1973 distinguished it
morphology of each is quite different． We can
as different by the crenulate striae of the carapace
distinguish one from another very easily with
and the shape of the first pleopod， so，we have
other characteristics．
agreed to consider it as G． candidiensis．
Geothelphusa candidiensis Bott， 1967
Geothelphusa miora2akii （Miyake ＆Chiu， 1965）
（Fig． 9； pl． II D）
（Fig． 10； pl． II C）
14
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
Potαmon（Geotゐ吻ゐusα） miorazαkii ： Miyake＆Chiu
Hsin−Yi， Nan−Tou county． 1 2． Jul． 24． 1984．
1965． p． 595， pls． 13， 14．
Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
Geothelphusa miya2ahii ： Minei 1973， p．214， figs．8
Ta−Hu． Miao−Li county， 1 X ．， 1 ￥． July 25’
9G， H； 1974， p． 242， figs． 3， 6C， D．
1984． Hwang leg．
1−Lan county． 2 2 X ． 1 ￥ July 19， Hwang leg．
C
Measurements：
Material Examined：
Suang−Shi， Taipei county， 2 g S ，1 ￥． June 1，
1 1）， 23 mm CB， 18．5 mm CL； 1 ￥， 29 mm CB，
1982． Yu leg．
22．9 mm CL．
Chia−Shan， Kao−Hsiung county， 3 C C ，1 ￥．
The carapace of this species is smooth and a
Apr． 17， 1983． Yu ＆ Hwang leg．
ア
ノ
A
B 一・
1：
1
∠
．s
き ≒
く﹂記
s一”n i“’1
i：：tt＋一一J＋一t 一一一一一一一一一一一一一t一一
i ”’
ノ、
L
、
9
一
一
．
’
、
9
C
響
匿
．砦
D，／
、
E
．θr●層’り
＼
︸口
’
一＿’L
4mm
﹂
烽秩D
’
，タ．’
拶
C 鴨刷ヨリ
宿
’
一
＝
x“ 狽窒R’
・． g，
’
＝
N
、
壕
、
馬
、
．、、瓢、
﹃＝﹁、
、
・■■ 一
．s．
ご
冒
2mm
4mm
Fig． 9 Geothelphusa candidiensis
3mm
A：Carapace B：Abdomen of male C：Abdomen of female
D ： Third maxilliped E ： Dorsal view of first pleopod
K
No．57 （1985）
Bull． Fac， Fish． Nagasaki Univ．，
1ittle convex． The cervical groove is conspicuous
15
bearded with bristles and spines．
and extends transversely to the branchial region．
The front is deflexed and the breadth is almost
Distribution：
one−third of the breadth of the entire carapace．
Taiwan and Ryukyu archipelago．
The orbital and frontal margins are very faintly
rimmed， the outer orbital angle is absent． The
Remarks：
postero−lateral portions have short oblique
This species is very much like’G・ candidiensis，
tuberculate rugae． The chelipeds are unequal
but this species is medium sized whereas G．
but the shape is the same in both sexes． The
candidiensis is small． From the appearance we
distal three segments of the ambulatory legs are
can distinguish them easily．
’
、 “
∠
彦7移
B く﹁
A
h
h
、
，一
﹃、魑
﹁二一
，．’
・’
@’
磨E
9
・），
二
’＝
一
一
9
4mm
1
K（（22x
E
D，，，
〃彫ん！
c
4mm
慢
，
，
ーミsS ・
i／，，，k
x
x
一奪
ク鼠
y l
’
t
4mm
Fig． 10
Geothelphusa miorazaki
2mm
3mm
A：Carapace B：Abdomen ’of male C： Adbomen of female
D ： Third maxilliped E ： Dorsal view of first pleopod
16
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
Table 1． The distribution of fresh−water crabs in Taiwan
Nan−Tou
o
ca．
○○
o
o
○○
Hwa−Lien
Tai−Tung
○○
Kao−Hsiung
Ping−Tung
○ ○○
Chia−Yi
Tai−Ndn
mi．
o
○○○ ○
Tai一 Chung
ch．
○○○○○
Mieo−li
ra．
○○○
Hsin一 Chu
fo．
○○○○○○
Tao−Yuan
ta．
○○
I−Lan
1
re．
○○○○○○○ ○ ○○○
Tai−Pei
91
ja，
●
Species 1）
County
1） The full name of each species is as follows：
ja・：E．」’aponicus re．：E． Tectus IL ：’V． litterata
ta．：S． taiwanensis fo．：N． fo Tmosanum ra・：C． ra thbuni
ch．：G． chiui mi．：G． 7niyazakii ca．：G． candidiensis
IV． formosanum ．
Table 2． The abundance of fresh−water crabs but E． rectus， S． taiwanensis and
However， C．
in Taiwan are found in small numbers．
Abundance
Speeies
E．∫aρo国画8
abundant common few
rare
are most widely distributed to the west of the
o
o
E． rectus
○○
o
V． litterata
S． taiwanensis
IV． fo rmosanum
C． rathbuni
o
o
G． miyazakii
central mountain range．
According to Minei （1981） and Dai et al．
（1977） four species are distributed both in
Taiwan and Japan， namely E． japbnictts， V．
litterata， G． candidiensis and G． miorazakii． Also
o
G． chiui
G． candidiensis
rathbuni， N． fomosanum， S． taiwanensis and G． chiui
o
three species are distributed both in Taiwan and
mainland China， which are E． rectus， Y． litterata
and N． formosanum．
General habitat and life style
Distribution
Each species of fresh一 water crabs in Taiwan
The distribution of crabs in Taiwan is in：
has its own particular habitat and life style
fluenced by geographic features． There is central
（Tables 3， 4）． ln general， bigger crabs such as
mountain rapge which extends from the nortern
Varuna litterata， Eriocheir japonicus and E． rectus
tip to the south of the island， and the distribution
of the family Grapsidae live either beneath rocks
of fresh−water crabs in Taiwan is divided into
in river or in burrows， butwhenthey spawn， they
two parts； one part to the east of the central
migrate to river mouths or estuaries． Theyspend
mountain range and the other to the west．
their whole lives moving backand forth between
Tables 1 and 2 shows the species are easily
fresh water， brackish water， and sea water．Other
found in rivers or creeks include E．／’aponicus，
smaller crabs such as Parathelphusidae， lsola−
V． littera， C． rathbuni， G． candidiensis and G． miora2aki，
potamidae， Sinopotamidae and Potamidae live
17
No，57 （1985）
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ．，
Table 3． The habitat of the fresh−water crabs in Taiwan
Habitat
Creek
Rice
bank
Farming area
or 一pond
River
or creek
Eγ＆Nαα
E． joponicus
rectus
Fresh−water
to brackish
○○○
pabby dike
Species
littera ta
o
taLwanensLs
o
fo rmosanum
o
○○
ra thbuni
chiui
ii
G． miyazak
G，
o
candidiensis
Table 4． The life style of the fresh−water
aquatic． amphibious and terrestrial． From field
crabs in Taiwan
observations we found the life styles of the crabs
Life style
E．ブaρoπガ。拐8
E． rectus
amphibitious terrestrial
○○○
Species
aquatlc
gories． Grapsidae andSinopotamidae belong to
the aquatic type and feed in water． Potamidae
○○
V． litterata
S． taiwanensis
and Parathelphusidae are amphibious and feed
both in water and on land． lsolapotamidae belongs
to the terrestrial type and feeds on land most of
○○○
N． fo rmosanum
C． rathbuni
G． chiui
G． miyaza hii
G． candidiensis
that we colleoted also fall into these three cata−
the time．
Acknowtedgements
o
We have to heartily thank Dr． Yu for his kind
only in fresh water．
and valuable suggestions and for his help which
Somaniathelphusa taiwanensis of the family
made sampling easier for us． We are also indebt−
Parathelphusidae lives in holes in the rice fields
ed to Dr． Minei for helping us collect references
and dike walls covered with weeds or shrubs．
and take the photographs． Our thanks are also
Nαnh吻otαmon加脚sαnum of the family
due to Dr． Ahmed and Miss Helena Gomm for
Isolapotamidae lives in ponds or holes near wet
reading the manuscript．
farming areas． Candidipotamon rathbuni of the
family Sinopotamidae and Geothelphusa
References
candidiensis of Potamidae live beneath pebbles
in clean and clear creeks． G． 7niorazakii and
Alock， A．（1900）． Materials foracarcinological
G． chiui of the family Potamidae live in holes in
fauna of lndo． no． 6． The Brachyura Cato−
the rocky banks or muddy burrows along creeks
metopa or Grapsidae．」． Asiatic Soc．
during the daytime， and hunt for food in the
Bengal． 69， 279−456．
creeks during the’night． ln the monsoon or
（1910）． Catalogue of the lndian Decapod
sometimes in the day time they move out of the
Crustacea in the collection of the lndian
burrows and wander on the slopes or bank of
Museum． Part 1． Brachyura． Fasc． II． The
the creek＄．
Indian Frensh−water crabs．Potamonidae．
According to Minei （1981） the life style of fresh−
Culcutta．， 1−130
water crabs can be catagorized into three types；
Barnard， K． H．（1950）． Descriptive catalogue
18
HWANG and MIZUE ： Fresh−water Crabs of Taiwan
of south African Decapod Crustacea． Ann・
Lanchester， W．（1901） On the Crustacea collected
South Africa Mus． 38， 1−837． figs． 1−154．
during the Skeet−Expedition to the Malayan
Boradaile， L． A．（1907）． On the classification
Penninsula． Proc． Zool． Soc． Lond． 534−574，
of the Decapod Crustaceans． Ann． Mag．
pls． 33−34．
．Nat． Hist． Ser． 7．（19）， 457−486．
Lenz， H．（1905）． OstafrikanischeDekapodenund
Bott， R．（1967） Potamiden aus Ost−Asien．
Stomatopoden gesammelt von Herrn Prof．
Senck． Biol． 48， 203−220．
Dr． A． Voeltzkow． Abh． Senckenb． Nat． Ges．
（1968）． Potamiden aus Stid−Asien． Senck．
27， 370．
Biol． 49． 119−130．
（1910）． Crustacean von Madagaskar， Osta−
（1970）． Die SUsswasserkrabben von
frika und Ceylon． Reise in Ostafrika in den
Europa， Asien． AUstralirn und ihre
Jahren 1903−1905． ln： Voelt2kow． Wissens−
Stammesgeschichte． Abh． Senck． Natur．
chaftiche， Ergebnisse 2， 539−576．
Ges．， 526， 1一 338．
Make， M．＆ H． Tsuchiya．（1923）． IIIustrated
Crosnier， A．（1965）． Crustac6s d6capodes．
reports of the Crustacea decapod from For−
Grapsidae et Ocypodidae． Faune de
mosa． Rep． Dept． AgTic． Formosa． 3． 150−194，
Madagascar．18， 33−37．
pls． 19−23．・
Dai， A． Y．， et al．（1975）． Description of several
De Man， J． G．（1902）． Ergebnisse einer zoologi−
new species of fresh−water crabs belong to
schen Forschungsreise in den Malukken
the intermediate hosts of lung−fluckes．
und Borneo， in Augtrage der Senckenberg．
ACTA ZooJ’． S inica． 21 （3）， 257−264．
naturforsch． Gesellschaft ausgefUhrt von
（1979）． On new species of fresh−water crabs
Dr． Willy Kukental．Teil 2． Reisergebn． Bd．
harbouring metacercariae of lungflukes．
3．Heft 3． Abh． Senckenberg． Naturf． Ges． Bd．
ACTA Zootaxonomica Sinica， 4 （2）．122−131．’
25， Heft 3， 467−929．
Doflein． F．（1902）． Ostasiatische Dekapoden．
（1914）． Note surquelques crustac6s d6ca−
Abh． K． bayer． Akad． Wiss． Cl． II． 21 （3），
podesbrachyuresterrestresetd’eaudouceapp
662−665．
artenant au Mus6e Civique de G6nes． Ann．
Gordon， 1．（1931）． Brachyura from the coast of
Mus． Civ． S tor． Nat． 6， 128−135．
China， Linn． Soc． Zool． 37 （254）， 525−558．
Minei， H．（1974）． Potamoid crabs of Taiwan，
Kemp． S．（1913） Zoological results of the Abor
with description on one new species
Expedition． 1911−1912． no． 20． Crustacea
（Crustacea． Decapoda）」． Fac． Agr． Kpmshu
Decapoda． Rec． lnd． Mus． 8， 289−310．
Univ． 18， 239−251．
（1918）． Crustacea Decapoda and Stomato−
（1981）． Distribution and general habitat of
poda． ‘Zoological results of a tour in the
the fresh−water crabs of Japan． Rept．
Far−East’． Mem． Asiat． Soc． Bengal． 6，
Grant−in−Aid for co−operative Res． 1978 一
229−248．
1980． Ministry of Education． Japan．
Koba， K．（1936）． Studies on the Japanese
Miyake， S．＆ J． K． Chiu．（1965）． A New
Potamonidae （1）．Noteson Potamon rathbuni
Potamonid Crab， Potamon （Geothelphusa＞
de Man as a second intermediate host of
miorazahii sp． nov．， as an intermediate host
Paragonumus westermani（Kerbert）in Formosa．
of the lung−fluke from Formosa．」． Fac．
Trans． Nat． Hist． Soc． Formosa． 26； 164−172．
Agric．， Kptushu Univ．，13， 595−600．
（1936）． Revision of the specific name of a
Ortmann， A．（1893）． DieDecapoden−Krebse des
crabs as a second intermediate host of
Strassburger MuseuMs， mit besonderer
Paragonimus westermani in Formosa． Sci，
BerUcksichtigung der von Herrn Dr． D6derlein
Rep． Tokyo Bunrzika Daigaku． Sec． B． 2，
bei Japan und bei den Liu−Kiu−Inseln
155 一207．
gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger
Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ.,
Musem aufbewahrten
Formen.
III. Zool.
Jahrb. Syst. 7, 699 -716.
Parisi, B. (1916). I Decapodi giapponesi
del
Milano VI. Catometopa e Paguridea. Atti
della Soc. Ita. Soc. Ita. Sc. Nat. 57, 90-114.
G. (1963). Uber einige siid-und
ostasiatische Potamoniden,
Mus. , Wien, 66, 361-372.
19
Tai, A. Y. & Y. C. Sung. (1975). A preliminary
study
Museo di Milano IV. Cyclometopa, Atti
d'ella. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 55, 153-170.
--(1918) . I Decapodi giapponesi del Museo di
Pretzmann,
No.57 (1985)
mediate
of the fresh-water
crabs
as inter-
hosts of lung flukes from China.
ACTA Zool. Sinica, 21(2), 169 -177 .
Tesch, J. J. (1918). The Decapoda
of the Sibaga Expedition.
Retroplumidae,
Gecarcinidae.
Brachyura
I. Hyrnenosomidae
Ocypodidae,
Grapsidae,
and
Siboga-Exped.
Monogr.
39C.
Leiden. 82 - 85, pls. 1-6.
Ann. Naturh.
Summary
Rathbun, M. J. (1904-1906). Les crabes d'eau
douce. (Potamonidae) Nouv. Arch. Mus.Hist.
Nat. Ser. 4(6) 225-312; 7, 159-321; 8
台湾の淡水産カニ類について
黄媚媚・水江一弘
33-122.
Sakai, T. (1934) Brachyura
Kyushu, Japan.
from the coast of
Sc. Rep. Tokyo Bunrika
Daigaku, Sect. B. 1 (25), 281- 330.
— (1935).Crustacea of Jehol. Tribe Brachyura
Rep. First Sci. Exped. to Manchoukuo. Sect.
V. Div. I. pt. 2. art. 7, 1-16, figs.1- 4, pls.
1-3.
—(1965).
台湾の全土にわたる23ヶ所において淡水産カニ類を
採集し、次の5科10種
を得た:Eriocheir japonicus, E. rectus, Varuna li
Varuna sp.(
以上はGrapsidae);Somaniathelphusa
(Parathelphusidae);Nanhaipotamon
taiwanesis
formosanum
(Isolapotamidae);Candidiootamon
(Sinosotamidae);Geothelphusa
rathbuni
Chiui,
The Crabs of Sagami Bay. Maruzen,
Tokyo. p. 174, pls. 1-100.
—(1976) . Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent
Seas. Kodansha Tokyo. p. 627-648.
Schenkel, E. (1902). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der
Dekapodenfauna von Celebes. Verh. Naturf.
Ges. Basel. , 13, 525-545, pls. 7-11.
Shen, C. J. (1932). The Brachyuran
of north China.Zoologica
Invertebrates of China.
Peiping, 84-92, 155-185.
Crustacea
Sinica, ser. A.
vol. 9 Fasc. 1,
Stimpson, W. (1858). Prodromus descriptionis
animalium
evertebratorum,
quae in Ex-
peditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Setentrionalem. e Republica Federata missa,
CADWALADARO RINGGOLD et JOHANNE
ROPHRTD DUCIBUS, Observavet et descripset Parts 5, Crustacea Ocypodidea. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 10, 93 -110.
—(1907) . Report on the Crustacea collected
by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition
1853-1856. Smithsonian Inst. misc. Coll.
Washington,49, 112 -114.
G. candidiensis, G. miyazakii
(Potamidae).
これらのうちVaruna sp.は
未記載種と思われる。
一部のカニ類の分布は地理的に偏在していて
、
は東部にのみ、Somaniathelphusa
Eriocheir recutus
taiwanensis, Nanhaipotamon
および
formosanum
は西部にのみ生息している。な Geothelphusa
お、
chiui
およびNanhaipotamon
Eriocheir rectus,Var
は中国大陸に、また Eriocheir
formosanum
japonicus,
Varuna litterata, Geothelphusa
および
candidiensis
は日本にも分布している。
G.miyazakii
曳
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（1985）
57
Bull． Fac． Fish． Nagasaki Univ
皆
22
長崎大学水産学部研究報告
第57号
正誤表
P10 右8行目
thbun i ：
P27 右6∼7行
誤
bass−ensis
削除
正
bass−iensis

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