Microcellular plastic consists of micropores in the polymer matrix where the pore size is less than 100 micrometer in size. This new generation of plastics was invented in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1980s. Microcellular plastics have unique properties that separate them from conventional plastics. They have low residual stress, shorter cycle times, and less material consumption. In terms of appearance, microcellular plastics are extremely tough to distinguish from conventional plastics as the structure is very closely packed. Microcellular plastics have improved mechanical properties as compared to conventional plastics. These are light in weight and possess several useful properties such as thermal insulation, selective light transmission and diffusion, sound insulation, filtration, cushioning, energy absorption, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Key applications of microcellular plastics include construction, food packaging, healthcare, electronics, transportation, and toys.
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