'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷̆̆᧲ᣇ᜛ᄢߣߘߩᓟ
ဈ੗৻ᚑ
ߪߓ߼ߦ
⚻ᷣ߆ࠄ಴⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴ╙ߦ᡽ᴦ࡮ᄖ੤ߩಽ㊁ߦ߹ߢ⛔วߩ㗔ၞࠍ᜛ᄢߒ‫ޔ‬ᷓൻࠍ⷗ߖ
ࠆ '7㧔᰷Ꮊㅪว㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬᡽╷ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ૏⟎ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁߆‫ޕ‬
ߣࠅࠊߌ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߦᵈ⋡ߒߚߣ߈‫' ߪࠇߎޔ‬7 ⛔วߩផㅴߦߣߞߡߤߩࠃ߁
ߥ᡽ᴦ⊛ᗧ⟵ߩ޽ࠆ߽ߩߥߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ ࡩ࿖‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ ࡩ
࿖ߩ‫ޔ‬วࠊߖߡ ߩ᧲᰷⻉࿖߇ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߒߚߎߣࠍฃߌ‫᧲ߩߎߦ․ޔ‬᰷࿾ၞ߳ߩ᜛
ᄢ߇ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚ߆ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ዷ㐿࡮․⾰
ߣ⺖㗴ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
㧝㧚'7 ߩ⸒⺆᡽╷ߩ㧟ߟߩᰴర
'7 ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߪ‫'ޔ‬7 ߇ㅴ߼ࠆ⸒⺆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ᡽╷ߩߥ߆ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦ૏⟎ઃ
ߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫'ޕ‬7 ߩ⸒⺆᡽╷ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ'7 ߣߒߡߩ౏↪⺆᡽╷‫ޔ‬ԙ
ᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷‫ޔ‬Ԛዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߩ㧟ߟߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ‫ᧄޕ‬ႎ๔ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬
ߥ߆ߢ․ߦԚዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ‫⺖ߣ⁁⃻ߩߘޔ‬㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
'7 ߇‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩߥ߆ߩ⛔৻‫ࠍޠ‬ᒝ⺞ߔࠆߥ߆ߢട⋖࿖ߩో౏↪⺆ࠍ '7 ߩ౏↪⺆ߣ
ߔࠆේೣࠍၷᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⸒޿ߥ߇ࠄ߽ߘࠇߪ‫⺆⸒ޠ࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޟ‬
ߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᜂ଻ߔࠆේೣߢ޽ࠅ᡽╷ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩ࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޔߪࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᨒ⚵ߺࠍ
ᒝ࿕ߦߔࠆᗧ๧ࠍᒝߊᜬߜ‫ߪߦ⊛᧪ᧄޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߣߪ⍦⋫ߔࠆ᡽╷ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇
ุ߼ߥ޿‫ߢߎߘޕ‬ᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷߇⃻ࠇࠆᢥ⣂߇಴ߡߊࠆࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⺆⸒࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޔ‬
ߣࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ⸒⺆ߩ෺ᣇߢߩᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷ࠍ೨᥊ൻߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬⍦⋫ࠍ⸃ᶖ
ߔࠆᣇะߦะ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬
ߎߩ '7 ߩᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷ߦߟ޿ߡ⹦ߒߊ⷗ࠆߣ‫ ߪߦߎߎޔ‬C⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࠍᅑബߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળ
⊛ߥ⸒⺆ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍଦㅴߔࠆ‫ޔ‬Dஜోߥᄙ⸒⺆⚻ᷣࠍଦߔ‫ޔ‬E⸒⺆ߦߟ޿ߡߩࠃࠅ⦟
޿⍮⼂ߣߘߩฃኈࠍㅢߓߡ␠ળ⛔วࠍଦㅴߔࠆ ߣ޿߁㧟ߟߩᩇ߇ᝪ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޔߣࠆ⷗ߡ޿ߟߦ⼂⹺߁޿ߣޠ⺆⸒ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޟ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߪ‫'ޟ‬7 ౏↪⺆
ߦട߃ߡ࿾ၞ࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆‫
ޠ‬VJGQHHKEKCN'7NCPIWCIGUCUYGNNCUTGIKQPCNCPF
OKPQTKV[NCPIWCIGU ࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆߳ߩᗧ⼂⊛ߥᡰេ߇ᛂߜ಴ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫'ޕ‬7 ౝߢߩᄙ⸒⺆⁁ᴫࠍ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ⸒⺆ߦട߃ߡࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ⸒⺆ߦ߹ߢ
⋡ࠍ㈩ߞߡ⹺⼂ߒ‫ߦ⼂⹺ߩߘޔ‬ၮߠ޿ߚᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵᡽╷ࠍଦㅴߔࠆᆫ൓ࠍ '7 ߣߒߡ࿕
߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߒ߆ߒઁᣇߢ‫'ޔ‬7 ߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵߳ߩ෩ߒ޿⹏ଔ߽޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᐕઍೋ߼ߦࡒ࠶࠹࡜ࡦ
䇸[Pool 1996]; [⧯ᨋ 2004]
European Commission – At a glance,
http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/at-a-glance/doc1458_en.htm, Access: 21 February 2010.
3 European Commission – At a glance,
http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/at-a-glance/doc1458_en.htm, Access: 21 February 2010.
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᡽ᮭ߆ࠄࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩᄙ⸒⺆⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍᆔབྷߐࠇ‫ߩ⺆⸒ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߐ
ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ߚ␠ળ⸒⺆ቇ⠪ࠫࠝ࡞࠳ࡦ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫'ޟޕ‬7 ߩᱠߺߪ‫ޔ‬
ᧄ⾰⊛ߥߣߎࠈߢ‫ޡ‬࿖ኅߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߩࠆ޿ߡߞ߹ߤߣߦޢ‬ᄙ⸒
⺆␠ળࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔࠃࠅ߽‫ߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬ᑪ⸳߇࿖ኅਥᮭࠍ⢿߆ߐߥ޿ߎߣࠍߪߞ߈ࠅ
␜ߔߎߣߩᣇ߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㊀ⷐߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫࠻ࠬ࡯ࡑࠆߌ߅ߦࠬࡦ࡜ࡈ߫߃଀ޔߪߢߎߎޕޠ‬
࡝ࡅ࠻᧦⚂⟑ฬ⋥೨ߩᙗᴺᡷᱜ ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ '7 ߣ
ߒߡߩⴕേ߇‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ⚿ᚑߐࠇߚૐ㗫ᐲ૶↪⸒⺆᰷Ꮊ੐ോዪ㧔'$.7.㧕߳ߩᡰេߥ
ߤߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇ‫' ࠄߔࠇߎߦࠄߐޔ‬7 ߩߥ߆ߢട⋖࿖ߩ࿖⋉ࠍઍ
ᑯߔࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ߡ‫'ޟ‬7 ߩ᳿ቯᯏ㑐‫ߩޠ‬૏⟎ઃߌߦ޽ࠆ㑑௥ℂ੐ળ㧔%QWPEKNQH
VJG/KPKUVGTU㧕ࠍㅢߐߕߦ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔෸᰷߮Ꮊ⼏ળ㧕ߣߒߡߩ⁛⥄ߩ㧔ߘࠇࠁ߃
㗵ߣߒߡߪᭂ߼ߡ㒢ࠄࠇߚ㧕੍▚ၫⴕߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍᗐ⿠ߔࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬࿖ኅਥᮭࠍ⏕
଻ߔࠆߥ߆ߢߩ⚻ᷣ⊛࡮᡽ᴦ⊛‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊ⋉‫ࠍޠ‬ㅊ᳞ߒߡ߈ߚ '%'7 ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽㕖࿖
ኅ⺆ߚࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔ߦචಽߥኻᔕ߇ขࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߣ⸒ࠊߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ ‫ޕ‬
ࠫࠝ࡞࠳ࡦߩߎ߁ߒߚ෩ߒ޿⹏ଔࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߡ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫'ޔ‬7 ߪዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷
ࠍផㅴߒߡߪ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ߩߘޔ‬ዷ㐿ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ '7 એᄖߩ႐ࠍ೑↪ߒߡㅴ߼ࠆߒ߆ߥ
߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫'ޕ‬7 ߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞ⛔วߩ
ⷐߣߒߡ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ߆ࠄ᡽ᴦ࡮ᄖ੤ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢᐢ▸ߦ෸߮‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ၞౝߩᏒ᳃↢ᵴ߳ߩᓇ
㗀ߩᄢ߈ߐߪઁߩ࿾ၞᯏ᭴ߩߘࠇߦᲧߴࠆߣ㆝߆ߦᄢ߈޿‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬%'㧔᰷Ꮊክ⼏ળ㧕
߿ 15%'㧔᰷Ꮊ቟ో଻㓚දജᯏ᭴㧕ߣߩදജ㑐ଥ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬%' ߥ
޿ߒ 15%' ਥዉߦࠃࠆ⸒⺆᡽╷ߩផㅴ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬
㧞㧚ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ࠍ߼ߋࠆⷙ▸ߩᒻᚑ㨪%' ෸߮ 15%' ߣߩㅪ៤
%' ෸߮ 15%' ߣߒߡߩข⚵ߺ
೨▵ߢ⸅ࠇߚ '7 ߇⥄ࠄߩዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬%' ߿ 15%' ߣߩදജ
ࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁⺰ὐߦ㑐ߒߡߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ ߪߢ▵ᧄޔ‬%' ෸߮ 15%' ߇ฦ‫ޘ‬
ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩߚ߼ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥേ߈ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬ᚑᨐࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍᬌ
⸽ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬਄ߢ '7 ߣߩදജ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ࠆߎߣߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
వߕ‫ߩߢࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬࿖㓙ⷙ▸ᒻᚑߦవ┙ߜ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ࿖ㅪߢ╷ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬Ꮢ᳃⊛
෸߮᡽ᴦ⊛ᮭ೑ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ⷙ⚂‫ࡁࠗࡑ⊛⺆⸒ߢ᧦ ╙ߪߢߎߎޕ߁ߎ߅ߡ⷗ࠄ߆ޠ‬
࡝࠹ࠖߩᮭ೑ࠍଚኂߔࠆߎߣߩߥ޿ࠃ߁ട⋖࿖ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑ⊛⺆⸒ޔ‬
߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ್ᢿߪ࿖ߩⵙ㊂ߦᆔߨࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁‫ޟ‬ᒙߐ‫ߩߘޕߚࠇࠄ⷗߇ޠ‬
ᓟ ᐕߩ߿ߪࠅ࿖ㅪߩ‫ޟ‬᳃ᣖ࡮ቬᢎ࡮⸒⺆ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߦዻߔࠆੱ‫ߩޘ‬ᮭ೑ߦ㑐ߔ
ࠆት⸒‫ޔߪߢޠ‬ട⋖࿖ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆૶↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩ଻⼔෸߮
ߘߩផㅴࠍ‫┙ޔ‬ᴺߥ޿ߒߘߩઁߩភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣߢ‫ߦ⺆⸒ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ୘ੱߩੱᮭࠍᡷ
ༀߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆ㧔╙㧝᧦‫╙ޔ‬㧠᧦㧕߽ߩߩ‫ޟޔ‬น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޟޠ‬ㆡಾߦ‫ޠ‬
‫ޟ‬චಽߥᯏળ‫ᦌߩߤߥޠ‬ᤒߥ⴫⃻߇޽ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬࿖ኅࠍᒝߊⷙ೙ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽
ߞߚ‫ࠍ⋡ߦࠦࠬࡀ࡙ޕ‬ォߕࠆߣ‫ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆᏅ೎᠗ᑄᙗ┨‫ޠ‬㧔 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬
ᒰ੐⠪߇Ꮧᦸߔࠆ႐ว‫ࠍ⺆⸒↪૶ޔ‬ℂ↱ߦᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍ୘೎ߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߪᏅ೎ߦߪ
4
5
6
7
᡽ᐭ䈮ឭ಴䈘䉏䈢⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ䈲[Giordan 1982]
ᙗᴺ╙䋲᧦䈮䇸౒๺࿖䈱⸒⺆䈲䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆䈪䈅䉎䇹䈫䈱᧦㗄䈏ട䈋䉌䉏䈢䋨1992 ᐕ 6 ᦬䋩䇯
[䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮68]
[䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮67]
3
ᒰߚࠄߥ޿ߎߣࠍ᣿⸥㧔╙㧞᧦ D㧕ߒߚ‫ߢ߹ߊ޽ߪࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦ㈩ᘦߒ
ߚᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⸳⟎߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠍ⟎⸳ޔ‬࿖ኅߦᒝ೙ߐߖࠆ߽ߩ
ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ ‫ޕ‬
ߢߪߎ߁ߒߚ⢛᥊ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ %' ߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁‫ੱߩߢࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޕ‬ᮭᠩ⼔‫ޔ‬෸
߮ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩⷙ▸ᒻᚑࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߚ %' ߢߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆
ᙗ┨‫ޠ‬㧔'WTQRGCP%JCTVGTHQT4GIKQPCNQT/KPQTKV[.CPIWCIGU㧕߇ណᛯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬
ᐕߦ⊒ലߒߚ ‫ޕ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ଻⼔ߦ․ൻߒߚߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥ᧦⚂ߢ޽ࠅ‫'ޔ‬7 ട
⋖ ࡩ࿖ߩ߁ߜ ࡩ࿖ߢᛕಎ߇ᷣߺ࿖ౝᴺߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔 ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ⃻
࿷㧕 ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬᰷Ꮊ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߣߣ߽ߦ %' ߣߒߡߩࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔᡽╷ߩᩇ
ߣ ߥ ࠆ ߩ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ ߦ ណ ᛯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ᐕ ߦ ⊒ ല ߒ ߚ ‫ ޟ‬ዋ ᢙ ᳃ ᣖ ଻ ⼔ ᨒ ⚵ ᧦ ⚂ ‫ޠ‬
㧔(TCOGYQTM%QPXGPVKQPHQTVJG2TQVGEVKQPQH0CVKQPCN/KPQTKVKGU㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
ߎߢߪ⸒⺆ߦ㒢ࠄߕࠃࠅ൮᜝⊛ߥࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߩ଻⼔߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫'ޕ‬7 ട
⋖࿖ߦߟ޿ߡߪ ࡩ࿖ߢᛕಎ߹ߢቢੌߒߡ⊒ലߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔 ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫ޕ‬
᰷Ꮊ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߪ‫ࠍ⼔଻ߩߩ߽ߩߘ⺆⸒ޔ‬ଦߔὐߢ↹ᦼ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬
ࠕ࡜ࠞ࡞࠻ᣇᑼߢ‫ో⚂᧦ޔ‬૕ࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆᒻߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ട⋖࿖߇ߢ߈ࠆߣߎࠈ߆ࠄታ
ᣉߢ߈ࠆේೣߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔╙ ᧦㧕ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝߺߢ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬หᤨߦᒙߺߢ߽޽ࠆߣ
⹏ଔߐࠇࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߢߪ‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬൮᜝⊛ߥ଻⼔࡟ࠫ࡯ࡓߣ
ߥࠆᄙ࿖㑆ߢ✦⚿ߐࠇߚᦨೋߩ᧦⚂ߣ޿߁ᗧ⟵߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩᮭ೑ߣࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߩ
ᮭ೑߇‫ੱޔ‬ᮭߩචಽߥ଻⼔ߣ޿߁ὐ‫⺆⸒ߦ․ޔ‬ᮭߦ߅޿ߡߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿␜
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦌޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᤒߥ⴫⃻ߩᛮߌⓣ⊛᧦㗄߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ߽੐ታߢ޽ߞߚ ‫ޕ‬
%' ߢߪ ᐕߩ╙ ࿁ %' 㚂⣖ળ⼏ߢ⊒಴ߐࠇߚ‫࡞࡯ࡉࠬ࡜࠻ࠬޟ‬ት⸒࡮ⴕേ⸘↹‫ޠ‬
ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᳃ਥਥ⟵࡮ੱᮭߩዅ㊀ߣ޿߁ %' ߩ⋡⊛ࠍౣ⏕⹺ߒ‫ౕߩ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬૕⊛ߥⴕ
േᜰ㊎ࠍ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߣੱᮭ‫␠ޔ‬ળߩ࿅⚿‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃ߩ቟ో‫ޔ‬ᢥൻߩᄙ᭽ᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ␜ߒߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޔߢ߆ߥߩߎߡߒߘޕ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᡽ᐭߣᏒ᳃␠ળߩ෺ᣇࠍ
ෳ↹ߐߖߡਔ⠪ߩ㑆ߩା㗬㉯ᚑភ⟎ߣ⋧੕දജߩᒝൻࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬%' ߇ⴕ߁࡛࡯ࡠ࠶
ࡄ࡮࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩၮḰ╷ቯࠍቢోߥ߽ߩߣߔࠆߎߣߦነਈߔࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᐕ
ߩ╙ ࿁ %' 㚂⣖ળ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ࡢࡖࠪ࡞ࡢޟ‬ት⸒࡮ⴕേ⸘↹‫ޔߪߢޠ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ଻⼔ࠍ
ㅢߓߡ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߦၮߠ޿ߚ␠ળߩ቟ቯࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣࠍት⸒ߦ߅޿ߡㅀߴߚ਄ߢ‫ⴕޔ‬േ⸘
↹ߦ߅޿ߡ᰷Ꮊ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߣዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߦၮߠߊዋᢙ⸒⺆࡮ዋᢙ᳃
ᣖߩ଻⼔╷ߩ⛮⛯ࠍߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦଦㅴߔࠆߣߒߚ߶߆‫'ޔ‬7 ߣ 15%' ߣߩදജࠍᒝൻ
ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
[Henrard 2003, 47-49]
ᧄᙗ┨䈪䈲⒖᳃䈱⸒⺆䈲฽䉁䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䋨╙䋱᧦ a-ii䋩䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮EU 䈫䈚䈩䈱ข䉍⚵䉂䈮䈲⒖᳃䈱⸒⺆䈏ⷞ
㊁䈮౉䈦䈩䈐䈩䈇䉎䇯䈢䈫䈋䈳એਅ䈱᰷Ꮊ⼏ળ䈱᳿⼏䇮Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a
shared commitment, P6_TA(2009)0162, European Parliament resolution of 24 March 2009 on
Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a shared commitment (2008/2225(INI)), Official
Journal of the European Union, C117E, p.62 (para.25).
10 ᛕಎ䉁䈪ቢੌ䈚䈩䈇䉎࿖䈲䊄䉟䉿䇮䉟䉩䊥䉴䇮䉥䊤䊮䉻䈭䈬 16 䊱࿖䇮⟑ฬ䈚䈢䈏ᧂᛕಎ䈭䈱䈏䊐䊤䊮䉴䇮䉟䉺䊥
䉝䇮䊙䊦䉺䈱䋳䊱࿖䇮ᧂ⟑ฬ䈏䊔䊦䉩䊷䉇䊑䊦䉧䊥䉝䈭䈬䋸䊱࿖䈪䈅䉎䇯
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG,
Access: 29 January 2011.
11 ⟑ฬ䈚䈢䈏ᧂᛕಎ䈏䊔䊦䉩䊷䇮䉩䊥䉲䊞䇮䊦䉪䉶䊮䊑䊦䉪䇮ᧂ⟑ฬ䈏䊐䊤䊮䉴䇯
http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/6_Resources/PDF_Table_Monitoring_en.pdf,
Access: 29 January 2011.
12 [Henrard 2003, 49-51]
13 2 nd Summit of Heads of State and Government (Strasbourg, 10-11 October 1997), Final
Declaration and Action Plan.
14 3 rd Summit of Heads of State and Government (Warsaw, 16-17 May 2005), Final Declaration
8
9
4
ᰴߦ 15%' ߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬15%' ߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ⊒⿷ᒰೋ㧔ᒰᤨߪ %5%'㧩᰷Ꮊ቟
ో଻㓚දജળ⼏ߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦ 15%' ߦᡷ⚵㧕߆ࠄ⚗੎੍㒐ߩߚ߼ߩ቟ో଻㓚ኻ⹤ߩ႐
ࠍឭଏߔࠆᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬಄ᚢ⚳⚿ᓟߩ ᐕઍએ㒠‫੍ޔ‬㒐ᄖ੤ࠍᩇߣߔࠆ
ද⺞⊛቟ో଻㓚ߩផㅴᓎࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢ߆ߥߩߘޕ‬᳃ᣖ⚗੎ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬
ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭ೑ߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄၮḰߩ╷ቯߦ⽸₂ߒߡ߈ߚ ‫ᦨߩߘޕ‬ೋߩᨒ⚵ߺߣ
ߒߡ‫ࡦࠥ࡯ࡂࡦࡍࠦޟ‬ᢥᦠ‫ޠ‬
㧔 ᐕ㧕߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬
‫ޟ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㧔PCVKQPCN
OKPQTKV[㧕ߦዻߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪ୘ੱߩㆬᛯߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ㆬᛯࠍⴕ૶ߔࠆߎ
ߣߦࠃߞߡਇ೑⋉ࠍⵍࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆੱ‫ߩߘߦ↱⥄ޔߪޘ‬᳃ᣖ⊛‫ޔ‬
ᢥൻ⊛‫⺆⸒ޔ‬਄ߩ޽ࠆ޿ߪቬᢎ਄ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⴫᣿ߒ‫⛽ޔ‬ᜬߒ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߐߖࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔╙ ᧦㧕ߣⷙቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ฃߌߡหᐕߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ᣂߒ
޿࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩߚ߼ߩࡄ࡝ᙗ┨‫ޟޔߪߢޠ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㧔OKPQTKVªUPCVKQPCNGU㧕ߩࠛࠬ࠾
࠶ࠢߥ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛ߥ‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ⊛ߥࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߪ଻⼔ߐࠇ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ዋᢙ⠪ߦᏫዻߔࠆ
ੱ߮ߣߪ‫ࠆߥ߆޿ޔ‬Ꮕ೎߽ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᴺߩਅߩቢోߥࠆᐔ╬ߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕߩߘޔ‬
ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⴫᣿ߒ‫଻ޔ‬ᜬߒ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߐߖࠆᮭ೑ࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆ‫ߣޠ‬᣿⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ %5%'15%' ߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮕ೎᠗ᑄߣੱᮭߩ⏕଻ࠍ୘ੱਥ⟵᭎ᔨߦၮߠ޿ߡⴕ߁ߣ
޿߁ᆫ൓߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㓸࿅⊛᭎ᔨߦၮߠ޿ߡⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ᆫ൓ߦ⒖ⴕߒߚߣߩℂ⸃߽ߥߐࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬
ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㜞╬ᑯോቭߩࡐࠬ࠻ࠍ⸳⟎ߒ㧔 ᐕ㧕‫ߩߘޔ‬ਥዉߩ߽ߣߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᢎ
⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭ೑ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡂ࡯ࠣ൘๔‫ޠ‬㧔 ᐕ㧕‫ޟޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ⸒⺆ᮭߦ㑐
ߔࠆࠝࠬࡠ൘๔‫ޠ‬㧔 ᐕ㧕‫౒౏ޟޔ‬ⓨ㑆߳ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩലᨐ⊛ߥෳടߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡞ࡦ࠼
൘๔‫ޠ‬
㧔 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬
‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠖ࠺ࡔޟ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ૶↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔‫ޠ‬
㧔 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬
‫ޟ‬ᄙ᳃
ᣖ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆᴦ቟⛽ᜬߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔‫ޠ‬㧔 ᐕ㧕ߥߤ ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ൘๔ᢥᦠࠍណᛯߒ‫ޔ‬
ട⋖࿖ߦዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ᡽╷ߩዉ౉࡮ᣉⴕߩ௛߈߆ߌࠍᒝൻߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
'7 ߣ %'‫ޔ‬15%' ߣߩㅪ៤
%' ෸߮ 15%' ߩᵴേߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀߩ߽ߩߦട߃‫'ޔ‬7 ߣߩㅪ៤ߦࠃߞߡㅴ߼ࠄࠇ
ߡ߈ߚ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡ߽⋡ࠍ㈩ࠄߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
వߕ '7 ߣ %' ߣߩㅪ៤ߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ࠆߣ‫ ޔ‬ᐕએ㒠‫'ޔ‬7㧔⼏㐳࿖‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧕ߣ
%'㧔⼏㐳࿖‫ޔ‬੐ോ✚㐳㧕ߩ‫ޟ‬㧗 ળว‫߇ޠ‬ቯ଀ൻߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਔᯏ㑐ߩද⺞߇೙ᐲൻߐࠇߚ
ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ ߡߒߘޕ‬ᐕߦߪ‫ޟ‬දജߣࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߦ㑐ߔࠆ౒หት⸒‫ޠ‬
ࠍ⊒ߒ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ࠍ฽߻ੱᮭᠩ⼔ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ‫ࡢࡖࠪ࡞ࡢޟ‬ት⸒‫ࠍޠ‬
⊒಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬15%' ߣߩㅪ៤ߢߪ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨߥㅴዷ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬15%'
ࠨࡒ࠶࠻ߦ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ߣ '7 ⼏㐳࿖߇಴Ꮸߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩㅪ៤ࠍ೙ᐲൻߒߚ
ߎߣߦ⛯߈‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍߦ౉ࠅ‫'ޔ‬7 ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߩኻᄖ㑐ଥ✚ዪߦ %' ෸߮ 15%' ߣߩ㑐ଥ
ߩኾછࡐࠬ࠻߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ‫ᧄࡦ࡯ࠖ࠙ޕ‬ㇱߢߩᲤㅳߩᏱ⸳ℂ੐ળ㧔RGTOCPGPVEQWPEKN㧕
ࠍߪߓ߼‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࡈ࠶࠲ࠬߥޘ‬ળวߢ '7 ஥߆ࠄߩ಴ᏨߪᏱᘒൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬᳃
ਥ೙ᐲ࡮ੱᮭ੐ോᚲ㧔1&+*4㧕߿ධ᧲᰷‫ޔ‬ධࠦ࡯ࠞࠨࠬ‫᧲ޔ‬᰷‫ޔ‬ਛᄩࠕࠫࠕߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞
and Action Plan.
15 [Jackson-Preece 1997, 350]
16 Charter of Paris for a New Europe, Paris, 1990,
http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1990/11/4045_en.pdf, Access: 24 February 2010, p.4.
17 [Decaux 2005, 178-179]
18 [Council of Europe – OSCE 2007, 45-152]; [Decaux 2005, 181-182]
19 [Toggenburg 2008, 115]
5
࠼ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩදജߪᢙ㒢ࠅߥߊⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
ᐕណᛯߩ‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊ቟ቯ᧦⚂‫ޠ‬㧔5VCDKNKV[2CEV㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ໧㗴ࠍ੍㒐ᄖ੤ߩ
ᚻᴺߢᧂὼߦ㒐ߋߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦߟߊࠄࠇߚ‫' ߪࠇߎޕ‬7 ߩ౒ㅢᄖ੤቟ో଻㓚᡽╷㧔%(52㧕
ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ߅޿ߡ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑੱࠕࠪࡠޔੱ࡯࡝ࠟࡦࡂޔ‬ಣㆄࠍ
ਥߣߒߡኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ߚ‫╷⚂᧦ޕ‬ቯߪ '7 ߢታᣉߐࠇߚ߇‫⊒ޔ‬ലᓟߩጁⴕߪ '7 ᧂട⋖
࿖ࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ 15%' ߦ⒖▤ߐࠇߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪห᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߩᚑᨐ‛ߢ޽
ࠆ߇‫╷ߩߘޔ‬ቯㆊ⒟ߢ 15%' ߩᜬߟ੍㒐ᄖ੤ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙߿‫⚗ޔ‬੎੍㒐ߩߚ߼ߩኻ
⹤ߩ઀⚵ߺߥߤࠍ '7 ߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣࠍ '7 ஥߇ᒝߊ᳞߼ߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
ߎࠇߪ߻ߒࠈ '7 ߣ 15%' ߩද⺞߇↢ߺ಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ℂ⸃߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
ᐕਅඨᦼߣ ᐕ਄ඨᦼߩ '7 ⼏㐳࿖ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߣ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ౒หჿ᣿㧔 ᐕ ᦬㧕
ߦ߅޿ߡ‫੽࡞࡯ࡘ࠺࡜ࡃޔ‬㚂⋧ߣࠦ࡯࡞⁛㚂⋧߇ㅪฬߢ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊ቟ቯ᧦⚂ߩ✦⚿ߣ‫ߘޔ‬
‫' ޟ‬7 ߪ‫ޔ‬
ߩߚ߼ߩ '7 ߣ 15%' ߩදജߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޔߪ࡞࡯ࡘ࠺࡜ࡃߡߒߘޕ‬
᰷Ꮊ቟ቯ᧦⚂߇ %5%' ߣኒធߥ㑐ଥࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍᦸࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔̖㧕ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᄢ㒽ߪߔߴ
ߡߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯߇౒ㅢߩⷙ▸ߩ਄ߦ┙ߜ‫੍ޔ‬㒐ᄖ੤ߣᐔ๺⛽ᜬࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ೙ᐲࠍᔅⷐ
ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߣ ޠ‬ਥᒛߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
ߘߩᓟࠦ࠰ࡧࠜ⚗੎ߩ⚳⚿ࠍฃߌߡ ᐕߦ✦⚿ߐࠇߚߩ߇‫ޟ‬ධ᧲᰷቟ቯ᧦⚂‫ޠ‬
㧔5VCDKNKV[2CEVHQT5QWVJ'CUVGTP'WTQRG㧕ߢ‫ࡦࠞ࡞ࡃߪࠇߎޔ‬࿾ၞߩ቟ቯൻࠍ⋡
ᜰߔ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ห᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߩਥዉߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬15%'‫ޔ‬%'‫ޔ‬࿖ㅪ‫ޔ‬1'%&㧔⚻ᷣදജ㐿⊒
ᯏ᭴㧕‫ޔ‬0#61‫ޔ‬਎⇇㌁ⴕߥߤᄙߊߩ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐‫ޔ‬෸߮ᣣᧄ߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߥߤߩవㅴ⻉࿖ࠍ
ട߃‫ࠆ߃⿧ࠍ ޔ‬࿖߿࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩදജߦࠃߞߡ᭴▽ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ ‫ޕ‬
ߎ߁ߒߡ‫'ޔ‬7‫ޔ‬%'‫ޔ‬15%' ߥߤ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ࿖㓙ᯏ᭴߇ߣ߈ߦන⁛ߢ‫ߦ߈ߣޔ‬ද⺞ߒߥ
߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ߩⷙ▸ᒻᚑߦ⽸₂ߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߪߡ޿߅ߦ▸ⷙߩߎޕ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭ
೑ᠩ⼔ߩ㊀ⷐߥ஥㕙ߣߒߡ⸒⺆ߩዅ㊀߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ߈ߚࠊߌߢ‫ ޟޔ‬਎♿ߩ⚳ࠊࠅ
ߦߪ‫ߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޔ‬᳃ਥ⊛ߥ᳿ቯᯏ㑐߇ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ஥ߦ๧ᣇߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
⸒⺆⊛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᱜᒰᕈߪ‫߿ߪ߽ޔ‬࿖⺆߹ߚߪ౏↪⺆ߩߺߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿‫޿ߣޠ‬
߁࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ࡮࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⁁ᴫ࡮⹺⼂߇ᒻࠍᢛ߃ߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧟㧚'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩၞౝൻ
ߢߪᰴߦ‫ߩߢ࡞ࡌ࡟࡮ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩⷙ▸߇‫ߤޔ‬
ߩࠃ߁ߦ '7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷߳ߣ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
'7 ߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ ᦬ߦ⊒ലߒߚ࡝ࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߦᢙᰴߩᡷ⸓߇
ട߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫'ޕ‬7 ߩⴕേḰೣߪᒰὼߎߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦࠃߞߡቯ߼ࠄࠇࠆࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
࡝ࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂⊒ല߹ߢߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߢ޽ߞߚ ᐕ⊒ലߩ࠾࡯ࠬ᧦⚂ߩᲑ㓏ߢߩ⁁ᴫ
ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫' ࠆߌ߅ߦ⼔଻ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬7 ߩ᡽╷਄ߩᴺ⊛ၮ⋚ߩᦌᤒߐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿
ߚ‫ޔߡߒߘޕ‬వߦ⷗ߚ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ߩⷙ▸߇ਥߦኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚ᧲᰷⻉
࿖ߦኻߒߡ‫'ޔ‬7 ߽ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩផㅴࠍട⋖ߩࠦࡦ࠺࡚ࠖࠪ࠽࡝࠹ࠖߣߒߡ߈ߚ
߽ߩߩ‫ߩߘޔ‬᡽╷਄ߩታⴕ㕙ߢߩ⺖㗴߇ᱷࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩ
⹦⚦ߦߟ޿ߡߩ '7 ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆၮ⋚߇ᦌᤒߢ‫ޔ‬ട⋖࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ᡽╷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࡑࠗࡁ࡝
20
21
[Toggenburg 2008, 113-114]
Le Monde , 27 mai 1994.
[Decaux 2005, 187]
Stability Pact: About the Stability Pact, http://www.stabilitypact.org/about/default.asp,
Access: 3 May 2010.
24 [䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮72]
22
23
6
࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩᴺ⊛ᢛ஻߇ㅴ߻࿖߽޽ࠇ߫‫ߩࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ሽ࿷ࠍ౏ὼߣุቯߔࠆᆫ൓ߩ
࿖߹ߢ޽ࠆߥߤᄙጘߦࠊߚࠆ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߩᮭ೑߇ '7 ߩၞౝ᡽╷਄ߩᦨఝవ⺖
㗴ߣߥߞߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇ߥ޿‫ޔ‬㧟㧕‫ޟ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ‫ޠ‬㧔PCVKQPCNOKPQTKV[㧕߇૗ࠍᜰߔ߆‫ࡑޔ‬
ࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߩᮭ೑ߩၮᧄ߇૗߆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙᡽ᴦ࡮࿖㓙ᴺߦ߅޿ߡࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇
ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޔ‬㧠㧕᧲᰷⻉࿖ߩട⋖೨ߩ⽷᡽ᡰេ╷ߢ޽ߞߚ 2*#4'㧔
ᐕ⊒⿷㧕ߦ‫ߦ⼔଻ࠖ࠹࡝ࡁࠗࡑޔ‬ᴪߞߚ੍▚ᨒ߇޽ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪ▎ᚲߣߒ
ߡ໑৻‫ޟ‬Ꮢ᳃␠ળߣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ᭴▽‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㗄⋡߇޽ߞߚ߇ߎࠇ߽ 2*#4' ੍▚ో૕ߩ
㧝㧑ߦㆊ߉ߥ߆ߞߚ ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
᧲᰷⻉࿖߳ߩ௛߈߆ߌߩၮ⋚ߩᦌᤒߐ߽ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ട⋖੍ቯߩ᧲᰷⻉࿖ߦኻߒ
ߡࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩታⴕࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆ▸ߣߒߚߩߪ‫' ߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬7 ᢥᦠߢߪߥ޿‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊ
ੱᮭⷙ⚂‫ޠ‬㧔ߎࠇߪᓟߦ '7 ᴺ૕♽ߦ⚵ߺ౉ࠇࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߪߥࠆ㧕‫ ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬15%' ᢥ
ᦠ߿࿖ㅪᢥᦠߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ߦ․ޔߚ߹ޕ‬%' ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߒߡ
޿ߡ‫᧲ޔ‬᰷⻉࿖ߦߎߩ⟑ฬ࡮ᛕಎࠍ㗫❥ߦ᳞߼ࠆ߇‫ࡦ࠮ࠢ࡞ޔࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡌޔ‬
ࡉ࡞ࠢ‫⷏ߦ߁ࠃߩ࠳ࡦ࡜ࠝޔ‬᰷ߩᣢട⋖࿖ߩߥ߆ߦ߽ᧂᛕಎߩ࿖߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁⍦⋫ߪ
⷗ㅏߖߥ޿ ‫ޕ‬
ߎ߁ߒߚ໧㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡ޿ߚ⁁ᴫߦኻߒߡ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ⊒ലߩ࡝ࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ
ᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߪ⚂᧦ࡦࡏࠬ࡝ޕ‬ᱜ⏕ߦߪ‫'ޟ‬7 ᧦⚂‫'ޟߣޠ‬7 ㆇ༡᧦⚂‫ߩޠ‬㧞
᧦⚂߆ࠄߥࠆ‫' ߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬7 ᧦⚂╙㧞᧦ߦࡑࠗࡁ࡝࠹ࠖߦዻߔࠆ⠪ߩᮭ೑ߩᠩ⼔ࠍ᣿⸥
ߒߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ห╙㧟᧦╙㧟㗄ߢ‫⊛⺆⸒ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ቞ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬
ᐕߦ╷ቯߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦᡷ⸓ߒߚ '7 ᢥᦠߦ‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊㅪวၮᧄᮭᙗ┨‫ޠ‬㧔%JCTVGTQH
(WPFCOGPVCN4KIJVUQH6JG'WTQRGCP7PKQP㧕߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߪ᜔᧤ജߩߥ޿ⷙ▸⊛
ᢥᦠߦߣߤ߹ߞߡ޿ߚหᙗ┨ߢ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫'ޔ‬7 ᧦⚂╙㧢᧦ߦࠃߞߡၮᧄ᧦⚂ߩߥ߆ߦ
⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬หᙗ┨╙ ᧦ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬᰷Ꮊㅪวߪ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ⊛‫ޔ‬ቬᢎ⊛‫⊛⺆⸒ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ
‫'ޟ‬7 ߣߒߡ࿾ၞ࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߒߡ⢐
ዅ㊀ߔࠆ‫ⷙߩߎޔࠅ߅ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬ቯߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬
ቯ⊛ߥ᡽╷ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ ޠ‬
ߎ߁ߒߡ࡝ࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߦ߅޿ߡዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ߣߎࠇߦ઻߁ᒻߢዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߦߟ޿
ߡ߽ၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦ᣿ᢥൻߐࠇߡ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߣ޿߁ㅴዷࠍ⏕⹺ߢ߈ࠆ߇‫߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ዋᢙ
⸒⺆଻⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ୘೎ߩ᡽╷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒߿ᢥൻ߿⑔␩߿᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߦࠊߚߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮ
ᧄ᧦⚂ߣߒߡߪᄢᨒࠍ␜ߔߦߣߤ߹ࠆߎߣߪุ߼ߥ޿‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬୘‫ߩޘ‬᡽╷ߢߩౕ
૕ᕈࠍᰳߊߣ޿߁ᛕ್߽ᄢ߈޿ ‫ ޔ߃޿ߪߣޕ‬ᐕߩ᜛ᄢએᓟ‫'ޔ‬7 ߦ߅ߌࠆࡑࠗࡁ
࡝࠹ࠖ଻⼔ߩᣉ╷ߪ‫ޟ‬ၞౝൻ‫ุߚ߹߽ߣߎߚ߈ߡࠇߐޠ‬ቯߢ߈ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁‫ࡦࡏࠬ࡝ޕ‬
᧦⚂ߢၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦ᣿ᢥൻߐࠇߚߎߣ߇⽎ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫᧲ߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬᰷ߩߺߥ
ࠄߕᣢട⋖ߛߞߚ⷏᰷⻉࿖ࠍ฽߼ߚߔߴߡߩട⋖࿖ߦኻߒߡ᜔᧤ജ߇↢ߓߚࠊߌߢ޽
ࠅ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ട⋖ࠍ⷗ᝪ߃ࠆၞᄖ࿖ߣߩ੤ᷤߩ㆏ౕߢ޽ߞߚ੎ὐ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩട⋖ࠍ⷗
ᝪ߃ࠆၞᄖ㑐ଥ࿖߳ߩ‫ޟ‬ኻᄖ⊛‫⺖ޠ‬㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦട߃‫'ޔ‬7 ⥄りߩౝ⊛⺖㗴ߣߥߞߚ
‫ޕ‬
25
26
27
[Sasse 2006, 67]
[Sasse 2006, 67-68]
Official Journal of the European Union, 2007/C 303, 14.12.2007, p.307.
European Commission - Languages of Europe - Regional and minority languages,
http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/languages-of-europe/doc139_en.htm, Access: 18
February 2010.
29 [Toggenburg 2008]
30 [Toggenburg 2008, 118]
28
7
㧠㧚'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߦะߌߚ᡽╷⊛⊒㔺
਄ߦ⷗ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫'ޔ‬7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩⷙ▸ߪ‫᧲ޔ‬᰷⻉࿖߇ട⋖࿖ߣߥࠆㆊ⒟
ߢၞౝൻߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߩ▸ⷙޕ‬ၞౝൻߩᰴߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡ‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߥ᡽╷ߣߒߡߩ
ዉ౉߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔߪߢ▵ᧄޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩⷙ▸߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡၞౝൻ
ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎߩᤨᦼߩౕ૕⊛ߥ '7 ߩ᡽╷േะߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵
ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣ‫⺆↪౏ߩ⺆ࠢࠬࡃ࡮⺆ࡖ࠾࡯࡞࠲ࠞޔ‬ൻߦߟ޿ߡ⷗ߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬
᰷Ꮊᆔຬળᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩㅴዷ
ᐕ ᦬ߦ᧲᰷⻉࿖ ࡩ࿖߇ '7 ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬หᐕ ᦬ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚࡃࡠ
࡯࠱ࠍᆔຬ㐳ߣߔࠆ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ೋ߼ߡᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰߩᆔຬ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ‫'ޕ‬7
ߦ߅޿ߡᄙ⸒⺆ߣ޿߁੎ὐߪ‫౏ߪ߽ߘ߽ߘޔ‬ᢥᦠߩ '7 ౏↪⺆߳ߩ⠡⸶ߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬
ߟ߹ࠅߪ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ⸒⺆ߩᄙ᭽ᕈߩᢥ⣂ߢᛒࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ ‫' ߡߒߘޕ‬7 ߩ࿖㓙┹੎ജ
ᒝൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ ᐕߩ‫ࡦࡏࠬ࡝ޟ‬ᚢ⇛‫ߩޠ‬ᵹࠇߩߥ߆ߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ‫ޟ‬᰷Ꮊ⸒⺆ᐕ‫ޠ‬
ߢឭ⿠ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬Უ⺆ߦട߃ߡ㧞⸒⺆‫ߩޠ‬ᣇ㊎ߦࠃࠆᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ᒝൻ ߇ឝߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎ߁ߒߚᵹࠇߩߥ߆ߢ‫࠱࡯ࡠࡃޔ‬ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬వߕߪᢎ⢒࡮ᢥൻᜂᒰᆔຬߦ⸒⺆㧔ᄙ
⸒⺆ਥ⟵㧕ߩᜂᒰ߽ᜂࠊߖࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᐕ᦬ߦ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߪ‫ޟ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߦะߌߡߩᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ᚢ⇛‫ޕߚߒ⴫⊒ࠍ ޠ‬
ᐕ᦬ߦ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏߇᰷Ꮊᆔຬળਥ௅ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ฃ
ߌߡࡈࠖࠥ࡞ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߪ‫ࡒ࡯ࠨߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈࠄ߆࡝࠙࡝ࡈߩࠕ࡝࠲ࠗޟ‬
ߦ⥋ࠆ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄోၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㨇ዋᢙ㨉⸒⺆౒ห૕ߩሽ࿷ࠍ⍮ࠄߒ߼ࠆᯏળߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㧔̖㧕ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ⹤⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬㨇'7߇ឝߍࠆ㨉‫ޡ‬Უ⺆ߦട߃ߡ㧞⸒⺆ߩ⠌ᓧ‫⋡߁޿ߣޢ‬ᮡߪ
㊁ᔃ⊛ㆊ߉ࠆࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪ߹ߞߚߊߥߊ‫'ߦߢߔߪࠇߎޔ‬7ߩᄙߊߩ࿖Ⴚ߿๟ㄝ࿾ၞߢ
ߪ⃻ታߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬ㅀߴ‫⷏ޔ‬᰷࿾ၞ߽฽߼ߚ'7ၞౝߦᄙᢙ
ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆౒ห૕߇ሽ࿷ߒ‫'߇ࠇߘޔ‬7ߩ⋡ᜰߔ‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩߥ߆ߩ⛔ว‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ
⟵ߦၮߠߊ⊒ዷ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬᡽ᴦ⋡ᮡߩታ⃻ߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂ࠍ᣿⏕ߦ
␜ߒߚ ‫ޕ‬หળ⼏એ㒠‫'ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬7ၞౝߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߦജὐࠍ⟎
ߊ⸒⺑߇ࡈࠖࠥ࡞ᆔຬߩ⊒⸒ߦ಴ߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㕖࿖ኅ⺆ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆᮭ
೑ᠩ⼔ߣ޿߁%'࡮15%'⊛ߥᢥ⣂߇'7ౝߦ⦡Ớߊ┙ߜ⃻ࠇߡߊࠆ‫ߪ࡞ࠥࠖࡈޕ‬ᐕߦ
‫ޟ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ࡂࠗ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ‫ޠ‬㧔*KIJ.GXGN)TQWRQP/WNVKNKPIWCNKUO㧕ࠍ⸳⟎
ߒ ‫ޟߢߎߘޔ‬⠡⸶࡮ㅢ⸶‫ޔ‬ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌‫ޔ‬࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔‫߇ߤߥޠ‬ᬌ⸛ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬
䈢䈫䈋䈳 “Commission adopts measures to match supply and demand for translation,”
Brussels, 26 May 2004, IP/04/679; “Portfolio Responsibilities of the Barroso Commission,”
Brussels, 12 August 2004, IP/04/1030.
32 䈢䈫䈋䈳 Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission with responsibility for
education and culture, “Award of the honoris causa,” University of Turin, Turin, 9 September
2004, SPEECH/04/394; Ján Figel, Member of the European Commission responsible for
Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism, “Sharpening our vision,” 7th ECSA World
Conference <The European Union and Emerging World Orders: Perceptions and Strategies>,
Brussels, 1 December 2004, SPEECH/04/503.
33 A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism, Communication from the Commission to the
Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the
Committee of the Regions, Brussels, 22 November 2005, COM (2005) 596 final.
34 Ján Figel, Member of the European Commission responsible for Education, Training, Culture
and Multilingualism, “Multilingualism: a key component of the European Union’s strategy,”
Bridge Forum Dialogue, Luxembourg, 15 June 2006, SPEECH/06/396.
35 ⼏㐳ߪࡈࠖࠥ࡞‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕߪᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩᓟછߢ޽ࠆࠝ࡞ࡃࡦ߇⼏㐳ࠍᒁ߈⛮ߋ‫ޕ‬
31
8
ᐕ᦬ߦᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠࠍឭ಴ߒߚ ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔╬ߦၮߠ޿ߡᐕߦᣂߚߥᄙ⸒⺆
ਥ⟵ᚢ⇛߇╷ቯߐࠇߚ ‫ޕ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ࡂࠗ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ࡮ዋᢙ
⸒⺆ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᠩ⼔ߩᔅⷐߣᣇ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ㧝┨߇ഀ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ ᐕ ᦬‫࠱࡯ࡠࡃޔ‬ᆔຬળߪ⁛┙ߒߚᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬࠍᣂ⸳ߒ㧔࡞࡯
ࡑ࠾ࠕ಴りࠝ࡞ࡃࡦᆔຬ߇ዞછ㧕‫ߩߎޔ‬໧㗴ߦኾ㐷⊛ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣߣߣߥߞߚ‫࡞ࠝޕ‬
ࡃࡦ߽‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵᡽╷ࠍផㅴߔࠆ‫'ޟ‬7 ↢ᶦቇ⠌ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޠ‬㧔ޯ
ᐕ㧕ߩᢥ⣂ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߩߥ߆ߢ‫ޟ‬࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ฽߻ߔߴߡߩ⸒⺆‫߇ޠ‬ᠩ
⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᣇะߢ᡽╷ࠍㅴ߼ࠆߣߩࠬࡇ࡯࠴ࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒⴕ߁ ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬
‫'ޟ‬7 ↢ᶦቇ⠌ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޟޔߪߢޠ‬ೋ߼ߡ࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ฽߻ߔߴߡߩ⸒⺆ߦ㐷ᚭ߇
㐿߆ࠇࠆ‫ޠ‬ᒻߢ⸒⺆⠌ᓧߦᲤᐕ ਁ࡙࡯ࡠ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇࠆ ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ‫'ޔ‬7 ߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᄙ⸒⺆‫ޔ߇ޠ‬࿖ኅ⺆ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ߽฽߻ᄙ᭽ᕈ߳ߣᄌൻߒߡ
߈ߚߎߣ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠞ࠲࡞࡯࠾ࡖ⺆࡮ࡃࠬࠢ⺆ߩ '7 ౏↪⺆ൻ
'7 ၞౝ㧔ߣࠅࠊߌ⷏᰷࿾ၞ㧕ߢߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔ࠍ߼ߋࠆㆇേߪ ᐕઍ⚳ࠊࠅ
߆ࠄ ᐕઍೋ߼㗃ߦ߆ߌߡฦ࿾ߢ㗼࿷ൻߒ‫ޔ‬#࡮&࡮ࠬࡒࠬߪ‫ࡃࠗࡃ࡝࡮ࠢ࠶࠾ࠬࠛޟ‬
࡞‫ߣ ޠ‬๭ࠎߛ߇‫ࡖ࠾࡯࡞࠲ࠞߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔ‬࿾ᣇߢߩࠞ࠲࡞࡯࠾ࡖ⺆ࠍ߼ߋࠆേ߈ߪ
ਁੱ߽ߩ૶↪ੱญ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ߣ޿߁ⷙᮨߩ㕙ߢᄢ߈ߥሽ࿷ᗵࠍ᦭ߔࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᐕ
ߦࠬࡍࠗࡦߪ '% ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߔ߇‫ޔ‬⠉ ᐕߦࠞ࠲࡞࡯࠾ࡖᎺߪࠞ࠲࡞࡯࠾ࡖ⺆ࠍ '%
ߩ౏↪⺆ߣߔࠆߎߣࠍ '% ߦ⺧㗿ߒߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
౏↪⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ '7 ߩේೣߪ‫ޔ‬ട⋖࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ౏↪⺆ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⸒⺆ߪ '7 ߩ౏↪
⺆ߣߥࠆ㧔 ᐕⷙೣ╙㧝ภ㧕ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦ⺆ࡖ࠾࡯࡞࠲ࠞޔ‬㒢ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒
⺆ߩ႐วߪ޿ߕࠇ߽‫ޔ‬Ꮻዻߔࠆട⋖࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ౏↪⺆ߩ࿾૏ࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇໧
ࠊࠇࠆ‫ ޔߪߢࡦࠗࡍࠬޕ‬ᐕઍඨ߫ߩࡈ࡜ࡦࠦᦼߩᮭᆭਥ⟵૕೙߆ࠄߩ⒖ⴕߩߥ߆
ߢ‫⥄ߪࠢࠬࡃ߿ࡖ࠾࡯࡞࠲ࠞޔ‬ᴦᎺߩ࿾૏ࠍ₪ᓧߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ೙ቯߩࠬࡍࠗࡦᙗᴺߪ‫ޔ‬
‫ޔߚ߹߽⺆⸒ߩઁߩߘߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޟ‬ฦ⥄ᴦᎺߩᙗ┨ߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄ᴦᎺߦ߅ߌࠆ౏↪⺆
ߣߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔╙ ᧦ 㗄㧕ߣⷙቯߔࠆߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
ࠞ࠲࡞࡯࠾ࡖ߆ࠄߩⷐᦸߪߘߩᓟ߽⛮⛯ߐࠇ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߥߞߡ '7 ߪ‫ޔ‬਄ឝߩ ᐕⷙೣ╙㧝ภࠍ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⹥ട⋖࿖ߩోၞߢߪߥߊ․ቯߩ࿾ၞߢߩ౏↪⺆ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞ⺆
High Level Group on Multilingualism, Final Report , Commission of the European
Communities, 2007.
37 Leonard Orban, European Commission responsible for Multilingualism, “Our aim is to give
the Union a new generation of multilingual citizens,” European Day of Languages - Press
Conference, Brussels, 26 September 2007, SPEECH/07/568.
38 䈢䈫䈋䈳 Leonard Orban, Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Multilingualism is
in the genetic code of the Union,” Meeting with the Culture Committee, Brussels, 27 February
2007, SPEECH/07/104; Leonard Orban, European Commission responsible for Multilingualism,
Speech at the Bundestag, Bundestag, Berlin, 25 April 2007, SPEECH/07/248; Leonard Orban,
European Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of
the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European,” Day of Cyrillic alphabet, Sofia, May 24
2007, SPEECH/07/330.
39 Leonard Orban, European Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Multilingualism –
fundamental value of the EU,” Conference organised by the European Institute of Romania and
the EC Representation in Romania, Bucharest, 22 June 2007, SPEECH/07/412.
40 [Smith 1981]
41 European Commission, DG XXII, Euromosaic, “Le catalan en catalogne (Espagne),”
http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/homean/index1.html, Access: 10 May 2010.
42 [ᤊర 2010]
36
9
ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆ᳿ቯࠍⴕ߁ߦ⥋ࠆ ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ‫⺆ࡖ࠾࡯࡞࠲ࠞޔ‬෸߮ࡃࠬࠢ⺆ߦ
㑐ߒߡ‫' ࠍࠄࠇߎޔ‬7 ᯏ㑐ߢᱜᑼߦ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ⸒⺆ߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠬࡍࠗࡦ᡽ᐭ߽หᗧ
㧔 ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ㧕ߒߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ਔ⺆߇ '7 ߩ౏↪⺆ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ
ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߘߒߡߎߩേ߈ߩߥ߆ߢ‫࠼ࡦ࡜࡞ࠗࠕޔ‬᡽ᐭ߇ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߩ౏↪⺆ൻࠍ᳞߼ߡ
߈ߚ㧔 ᐕߦࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼⺆ߪ౏↪⺆ൻ㧕߶߆‫ߩઁޔ‬ᄙߊߩട⋖࿖ߢ߽࿾ၞዋᢙ⸒
⺆ߩ '7 ౏↪⺆ൻߩⷐ᳞ࠍ '7 ߦ಴ߔࠃ߁ߦߣߩ࿶ജ߇ᒝ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬
వߦ‫'ޔ‬7 ߩ⸒⺆᡽╷ߦߪ '7 ߣߒߡߩ౏↪⺆᡽╷‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷
ߩ㧟ߟ߇޽ࠅ‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ߢߪߎߩߥ߆ߢዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߣߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ታ
ߪߎߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ౏↪⺆ൻߣ޿߁੐଀ߪ‫'ޔ‬7 ߩ౏↪⺆᡽╷ߩ⥰บߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⸒⺆᡽
╷ߣዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߩ⚿▵ὐ߇⃻ࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬឵⸒ߔࠇ
߫‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣߘߩᓟߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ฽߼ߚ‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬
ߩ⼏⺰ߩ㜞߹ࠅߣ⋧߹ߞߡ‫'ޔ‬7 ߩ⸒⺆᡽╷ߩో૕ࠍ൮៨ߔࠆ৻ߟߩᣇะᕈ̅̅ߟ߹ࠅዋ
ᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ฽ࠎߛᒻߢߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵̅̅߇␜ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߒߡߩᗧ⟵߇޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢ
ߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬
㧡㧚⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴̆̆⚿߮ߦઍ߃ߡ
࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔᡽╷ߩㅴዷߪ‫ޔ‬%' ߿ 15%' ࠍ⥰บߦ╷ቯߐࠇࠆ᧦
⚂╬ߦࠃߞߡዋᢙ᳃ᣖ଻⼔ࠍ߼ߋࠆ࿖㓙ⷙ▸߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ‫' ࠍ▸ⷙߩߘޔ‬7 ౝߦขࠅㄟࠎ
ߢ‫'ޔ‬7 ߣߒߡߩ᡽╷ߦ෻ᤋߐߖߡ޿ߊᵹࠇߢ޽ߞߚߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ ‫ⷙߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬
▸ߩ '7 ߩ᡽╷߳ߩขࠅㄟߺㆊ⒟߇‫' ߡߒߣᦼᤨޔ‬7 ߩ᧲ᣇ᜛ᄢߣࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯࡜࠶ࡊߒߡ
޿ߚߎߣߪ஧ὼߢߪߥ޿‫⷏ޕ‬᰷⻉࿖ߪዋᢙ᳃ᣖ࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ⷙ▸ࠍ '7 ട⋖ߦ㓙ߒߡ
ਇนᰳߥⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ട⋖ߩࠦࡦ࠺࡚ࠖࠪ࠽࡝࠹ࠖߣߒߡ᧲᰷⻉࿖ߦ⺖ߒߡ޿ߚߣߎ
ࠈߢ‫᧲ޔ‬᰷⻉࿖߇ '7 ߦട⋖ߔࠆߎߣߢߘ߁ߒߚⷙ▸ߩᄖะߌߩ᛼ߒߟߌ߇ၞౝൻߔࠆ
ߎߣߦߟߥ߇ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ߆ࠄ '7 ࠍ⥰บߦⷙ▸ᒻᚑ߆ࠄ᡽╷ᒻᚑ߹ߢ߇ߥߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎ
ߣߦߪ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫'ޕ‬7 ߪઁߩ࿾ၞᯏ᭴ߦᲧߴߡട⋖࿖ࠍ᜔᧤ߔࠆജ߇⪺ߒ
ߊᄢ߈ߊ‫ߩߢߎߘޔ‬࿖㓙ᴺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩขࠅ᳿߼ߩᓇ㗀ജ߽↟ᄢߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦߛ߹޿ޔ‬ዋᢙ
᳃ᣖ଻⼔ߩౕ૕⊛ᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆቢోߥࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⁁ᴫߢ‫'ޔ‬7 ࠍ⥰
บߣߒߡߩᨒ⚵ߩ╷ቯߦߪო߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ุ߼ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ଻⼔ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬
'7 ౝ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ฽ ߻ ᢥ ൻ ߩ ᄙ ᭽ ᕈ ࠍ ➅ ࠅ ㄰ ߒ ᒝ ⺞ ߒ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ߽ ‫ ⵬ ޟޔ‬ቢ ᕈ ‫ޠ‬
㧔UWDUKFKCTKV[㧕ߩේℂߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫⺆⸒ޔ‬᡽╷߇ߘ߽ߘ߽ฦട⋖࿖ߩᮭ㒢ߦᆔߨࠄࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ߽߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆ ‫ߥ࠻࡯ࠤ࡝࠺ޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ‬໧㗴ߢ
᡽ᴦ੎ὐൻߒ߿ߔ޿ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ໧㗴࡮ዋᢙ⸒⺆໧㗴ࠍవߕߪ '7 ߩᨒᄖߦ⟎޿ߡ‫✭ࠅࠃޔ‬
߿߆ߥ࿾ၞᯏ᭴ߢ޽ࠆ 15%' ߥ޿ߒ %' ࠍ⥰บߦߎࠇࠍᛒߞߡ߈ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ਥߚࠆ࠲࡯
ࠥ࠶࠻ߢ޽ߞߚ᧲᰷⻉࿖߇ '7 ട⋖࿖ൻߒߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ᳃ᣖ໧㗴߽ '7 ߦౝ࿷ൻߐࠇ‫ޔ‬
ߘߎߢዋᢙ⸒⺆໧㗴߽೨᥊ൻߒߡ߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬
୘೎ߩട⋖࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⷗ߡ߽‫߽ᦨޔ‬ਛᄩ㓸ᮭ߇ᒝߊ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆ౏⊛ߥ଻⼔
2005 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 13 ᣣ✚ോኻᄖ㑐ଥ㑑௥ℂ੐ળ䈮䈩᳿ቯ䇯Press Release, 2667th Council Meeting,
General Affairs and External Relations, Luxembourg, 13 June 2005, p.14.
44 Committee of the Regions, Press Release, COR/05/125, Brussels, 16 November 2005.
45 [Creech 2005, 23-24]
46 [Sasse 2006]
47 [Creech 2005, 59]
43
10
ࠍⴕ߁᡽ᴦߦߪ〒㔌ߩ޽ࠆࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߢߐ߃߽‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪᙗᴺߦ‫ޟ‬࿾ၞ⺆ߪࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ
ߩㆮ↥ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ߁޿ߣޠ‬࿾ၞ⺆᧦㗄‫ࠍޠ‬ᝌ౉ߔࠆᙗᴺᡷᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ዋᢙ⸒⺆
଻⼔ߩᣇะߦ '7 ౝߩⓨ᳇߇ᵹࠇ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫'ޔߒߛߚޕ‬7 ⁛⥄ߩᣉ
╷ߣߒߡߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠ߦᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣ৻ㇱߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ౏↪
⺆ൻࠍㅢߓߡዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ߩᣉ╷ࠍᒝൻߒߡ߈ߚߎߣߪ㑆㆑޿ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡ '7
ߩᄙ᭽ߥ᡽╷㗔ၞߩߥ߆ߢߪறᵹ⊛ߥᰴరߢߩข⚵ߺࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߩ߇‫⁁⃻ޔ‬
ߩ⹏ଔߣߒߡߪㆡᒰߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫ ޕ‬ᐕએ㒠ߩ᧲ᣇ᜛ᄢߩࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߪౝ߆ࠄ
ᰴ╙ߦ⊒⃻ߒߟߟ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ട⋖୥⵬࿖ߢ޽ࠆࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ߿ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕߥߤߩᣥ࡙࡯ࠧ
⻉࿖‫ߩࠦ࡞࠻ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ട⋖੤ᷤߩߥ߆ߢߩዋᢙ⸒⺆଻⼔ࠍ߼ߋࠆᣂߚߥⷙ▸ߩ᛼ߒ
ߟߌ߇ߥߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ౣᐲߘߩⷙ▸߇ၞౝൻߔࠆߣ޿߁ᵹࠇ߇ౣ⃻ߐࠇࠆߩ߆߽ߒ
ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬
‫ޣ‬ઃ⸥‫ᧄޤ‬Ⓜߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄᲧセ᡽ᴦቇળ ᐕᐲ⎇ⓥᄢળಽ⑼ળ #‫⺆⸒ޟ‬᡽╷ߩᲧセ᡽ᴦቇ‫ޠ‬㧔 ᐕ
᦬ ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯ߦ‫ޔ‬หಽ⑼ળߢߩႎ๔࡮⼏⺰‫ޔ‬෸߮␹ᚭᄢቇ࿖㓙ᢥൻቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⇣
ᢥൻ⎇ⓥ੤ᵹ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥㇱ ᐕᐲࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࡄ࠶ࡠ࡯࡛ޟ‬ᄙ᳃ᣖ౒ሽߣ '7‫ޠ‬ਥ௅
ߩ╙ ࿁⎇ⓥ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯㧔 ᐕ ᦬ ᣣ㧕ߢߩႎ๔࡮⼏⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ട╩ୃᱜࠍട߃ߚ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
䇼ෳ⠨ᢥ₂䇽
‫غ‬Richard Caplan (2002), “Conditional recognition as an instrument of ethnic conflict
regulation: the European Community and Yugoslavia” Nations and Nationalism,
Vol.8, No.2.
‫غ‬Council of Europe (1999), Implementation of the European Charter for Regional or
Minority Languages , Council of Europe Publishing.
‫غ‬Council of Europe – OSCE (2007) , National minority standards: A compilation of
OSCE and Council of Europe texts, Council of Europe Publishing.
‫غ‬Richard L. Creech (2005), Law and Language in the European Union: The Paradox
of a Babel “United in Diversity” , Europa Law Publishing.
‫غ‬Desmond Dinan (2005), “Governance and Institutions: A New Constitution and a
New Commission,” Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.43.
‫غ‬Krzysztof Drzewicki (2008), “The Enlargement of the European Union and the
OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities,” in Marc Weller, Denika
Blacklock and Katherine Nobbs, eds., The Protection of Minorities in the Wider
Europe , Palgrave Macmillan.
‫غ‬Emmanuel Decaux (2005), “Les nouveaux cadres du droit des minorités nationales
en Europe,” in Riva Kastoryano, éd., Quelle identité pour l’Europe ? : Le
multiculturalisme à l’épreuve , 2e édition, Presses de la Fondation nationale des
sciences politiques.
‫غ‬Hans-Joachim Heintze (2008), “Collective Rights in the Context of EU Accession,”
in Marc Weller, Denika Blacklock and Katherine Nobbs, eds., The Protection of
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Minorities in the Wider Europe , Palgrave Macmillan.
‫غ‬Jean-Baptiste Harguindéguy et Alistair Cole (2009), “La politique linguistique de la
France à l’épreuve des revendications ethnoterritoriales,” Revue française de science
politique , vol.59, no.5.
‫غ‬Kristin Henrard (2004), “Relating Human Rights, Minority Rights and
Self-Determination to Minority Protection,” in Ulrich Schneckener and Stefan Wolff,
eds., Managing and Setting Ethnic Conflicts , Hurst.
‫غ‬Kristin Henrard (2003), “Dividing an Adequate System of Minority Protection in
the Area of Language Rights,” in Gabrielle Hogan-Brun and Stefan Wolff, eds.,
Minority Languages in Europe: Frameworks, Status, Prospects, Palgrave
Macmillan.
‫غ‬Rainer Hofmann (2008), “The Future of Minority Issues in the Council of Europe
and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,” in Marc Weller,
Denika Blacklock and Katherine Nobbs, eds., The Protection of Minorities in the
Wider Europe , Palgrave Macmillan.
‫غ‬Jennifer Jackson-Preece (2003), “Human Rights and Cultural Pluralism: The
‘Problem’ of Minorities,” in Gene M. Lyons and James Mayall, eds., International
Human Rights in the 21 st Century: Protecting the Rights of Groups, Rowman and
Littlefield.
‫غ‬Jennifer Jackson-Preece (1997), “National minority rights vs. state sovereignty in
Europe: changing norms in international relations?” Nations and Nationalism, Vol.3,
No.3.
‫غ‬Henri Giordan (1982), Démocratie culturelle et droit à la différence , <Rapport au
ministre de la culture>, La documentation française.
‫غ‬Mária M. Kovács (2003), “Standards of self-determination and standards of
minority-rights in the post-communist era: a historical perspective” Nations and
Nationalism, Vol.9, No.3.
‫غ‬Peter A. Kraus (2008), A Union of Diversity: Language, Identity and
Policy-Building in Europe, Cambridge University Press.
‫غ‬Peter A. Kraus (2003), “Cultural Pluralism and European Polity-Building: Neither
Westphalia nor Cosmopolis,” Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.41, No.4.
‫غ‬Will Kymlicka (2006), “The evolving basis of European norms of minority rights:
Rights to culture, participation and autonomy,” John McGarry and Michael Keating,
eds., European Integration and the Nationalities Question, Routledge.
‫غ‬Jonathan Pool (1996), “Optimal Language Regimes for the European Union,”
International Journal of Sociology of Language , no.121.
‫غ‬Gwendolyn Sasse (2006), “National minorities and EU enlargement: External or
domestic incentives for accommodation?” in John McGarry and Michael Keating,
eds., European Integration and the Nationalities Question, Routledge.
‫غ‬Anthony D. Smith (1981), The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World, Cambridge
University Press.
‫غ‬Gabriel von Toggenburg (2008), “A Remaining Share or a New Part? The EU’s Role
vis-à-vis Minorities after the Enlargement Decade,” in Marc Weller, Denika
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Blacklock and Katherine Nobbs, eds., The Protection of Minorities in the Wider
Europe , Palgrave Macmillan.
‫غ‬Claude Truchot (2009), “Des langues régionales aux langues de France : un état des
lieux,” Cahiers français, no.352 <La France au pluriel>, La documentation française.
‫غ‬Yasue Noriko (1999), “Le multilinguisme dans l’Union européenne et la politique
linguistique des Etats membres,” Revue du Marché commun et de l’Union
européenne, no.427.
‫غ‬䉝䊮䊥䊶䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮䋨૒㊁⋥ሶ⸶䋩䋨2004䋩䇸䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈮䈍䈔䉎⸒⺆໧㗴䇹䇺䈖䈫䈳䈫␠ળ㩷 ೎ౠ䋱
䋼䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈱ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵䈲䈬䈖䉁䈪䈐䈢䈎䇻ਃర␠䇯
‫غ‬ේ ⡛ 䋨2007䋩䇸䉬䊦䊃⺆ ࿤ 䈮䈍䈔䉎࿾ ၞ ⊛ ⸒ ⺆ ᢥ ൻ 䈱ᝄ ⥝ 䇹䇮ች ፉ ༜ 䊶⧯ ᧻ ㇌ ᒄ 䊶ዊ ᫪ ብ ⟤
䋨✬䋩䇺࿾ၞ䈱䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌㵪㵪ᄙጀൻ䊶ౣ✬䊶ౣ↢䇻ੱᢥᦠ㒮䇯
‫غ‬ේ⡛䋨1991䋩䇸EC ᵹ䇺࿖ኅ㔌䉏䇻䈫ዋᢙ⸒⺆䈱น⢻ᕈ䇹䇮ችፉ༜䊶᫃↰ቁ㆏䋨✬䋩䇺⛔ว䈫ಽൻ
䈱䈭䈎䈱䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䇻᦭ାၴ䇯
‫غ‬ᤊర૒⍮ሶ䋨2010䋩䇸EU ၞౝ䈱⥄ᴦ૕ᄖ੤䈮䉂䉎࿾ၞ䈱㊀ⷐᕈ㵪㵪䉦䉺䊦䊷䊆䊞⥄ᴦᎺ䈱
੐଀䈎䉌䇹␹ᚭᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࿖㓙ᢥൻቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ୃ჻⺰ᢥ䇯
‫غ‬ศᎹర䋨2009䋩䇺᳃ᣖ⥄᳿䈱ᨐ䈩䈮㵪㵪䊙䉟䊉䊥䊁䉞䉕䉄䈓䉎࿖㓙቟ో଻㓚䇻᦭ାၴ䇯
‫غ‬ศᎹర䋨2007䋩䇺࿖㓙቟ో଻㓚⺰㵪㵪ᚢ੎䈫ᐔ๺䇮䈠䈚䈩ੱ㑆䈱቟ో଻㓚䈱゠〔䇻᦭᢫㑑䇯
‫غ‬䉬䊈䉴䊶D䊶䊙䉪䊧䊷䋨ട⮮᥉┨⸶䋩䋨1995䋩䇸EC 䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄙ⸒⺆᡽╷䈱ዷ㐿䈫䈠䈱⺖㗴㺍㺍⸒⺆
䈱ᐔ╬ᕈ䈲䈬䈖䉁䈪น⢻䈎䇹䇺࿖㓙᡽ᴦ䇻╙ 110 ภ䇯
‫غ‬䉝䊦䊔䊦䊃䊶䊜䊦䊧䊦䋨ᣂ ේ ㆏ ା ⸶ 䋩䋨2004䋩䇸“䊙䉟䊉䊥䊁䉞㵱䈱䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌㵪㵪“␠ ળ ᢥ ൻ ⊛ 䈭
ፉ䇱㵱䈲䇮“ᷙ੤䇮ᷙᚑ䇮㊀ว“䈜䉎䇹䇮᳗ጙਃජノ䊶ᑝ↰ഞ䋨✬䋩䇺䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌⛔ว䈱␠ળผ㵪㵪
⢛᥊䊶⺰ℂ䊶ዷᦸ䇻ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⹏⺰␠䇯
‫غ‬ဈ੗৻ᚑ䋨2009䋩䇸2008 ᐕᙗᴺᡷᱜ䈮䉂䉎䊐䊤䊮䉴䈱᡽ᴦㆊ⒟㵪㵪࿾ၞ⺆᧦㗄䈱ዉ౉䉕䉄䈓
䈦䈩䇹䇺ᣣ੽᡽ᴦ⎇ⓥ䇻╙ 4 ภ䇯
‫غ‬ဈ੗৻ᚑ䋨2008䋩䇺䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈱᳃ᣖኻ┙䈫౒↢䇻⧃ᦠᚱ䇯
‫غ‬ᷦ⼱⻞ᰴ㇫䋨✬䋩䋨2005䋩䇺᰷Ꮊ⻉࿖䈱⸒⺆ᴺ㵪㵪᰷Ꮊ⛔ว䈫ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵䇻ਃర␠䇯
‫غ‬㋈ᧁᤘ৻ (1995)㩷 䇸䉦䉺䊦䊷䊆䊞࿾ၞਥ⟵᡽ౄ CiU 䈱ᚢ⇛䈫േะ㵪㵪ኻ EC䋯EU ᡽╷䈫਻ਃ
ᐕㆬ᜼䉕ਛᔃ䈮䇹䇺࿖㓙᡽ᴦ䇻╙ 110 ภ䇯
‫غ‬቟ᳯೣሶ䋨1996䋩䇸EU 䈮䈍䈔䉎ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵䈱ᄙⷺ⊛ᬌ⸛䇹䇺ᣣᧄ EC ቇળᐕႎ䇻╙ 16 ภ䇯
‫غ‬ᮮ↰ᱜ㗼䋨2007䋩䇸䉴䊕䉟䊮㵪㵪䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌ൻ䈫᡽ᐭ㑆㑐ଥ䈱ᄌኈ䇹䇮ᄢፉ⟤Ⓞ䋨✬䋩䇺EU 䉴䉺
䊂䉞䊷䉵䋳㩷 ࿖ኅ䊶࿾ၞ䊶᳃ᣖ䇻ഹ⨲ᦠᚱ䇯
‫⧯غ‬ᨋᐢ䋨2004䋩䇸21 ਎♿䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌⛔ว䈱౏↪⺆໧㗴䇹䇺䈖䈫䈳䈫␠ળ㩷 ೎ౠ䋱䋼䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈱ᄙ
⸒⺆ਥ⟵䈲䈬䈖䉁䈪䈐䈢䈎䇻ਃర␠䇯
13