'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷̆̆᧲ᣇᄢߣߘߩᓟ ဈ৻ᚑ ߪߓߦ ⚻ᷣ߆ࠄ⊒ߒޔᰴ╙ߦᴦᄖߩಽ㊁ߦ߹ߢ⛔วߩ㗔ၞࠍᄢߒޔᷓൻࠍߖ ࠆ '7㧔᰷Ꮊㅪว㧕ߦ߅ߡ⺆⸒ޔ╷ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⟎ࠍභߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁߆ޕ ߣࠅࠊߌޔዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߦᵈ⋡ߒߚߣ߈' ߪࠇߎޔ7 ⛔วߩផㅴߦߣߞߡߤߩࠃ߁ ߥᴦ⊛ᗧ⟵ߩࠆ߽ߩߥߩߛࠈ߁߆ᧄޕⓂߢߪ ޔᐕߦ ࡩ࿖ ޔᐕߦ ࡩ ࿖ߩޔวࠊߖߡ ߩ᧲᰷⻉࿖߇ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߒߚߎߣࠍฃߌ᧲ߩߎߦ․ޔ᰷ၞ߳ߩ ᄢ߇ዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚ߆ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡߩߘޔዷ㐿․⾰ ߣ⺖㗴ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ߈ߚޕ 㧝㧚'7 ߩ⸒⺆╷ߩ㧟ߟߩᰴర '7 ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߪ'ޔ7 ߇ㅴࠆ⸒⺆ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ╷ߩߥ߆ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⟎ઃ ߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆'ޕ7 ߩ⸒⺆╷ߣߒߡߪޔԘ'7 ߣߒߡߩ↪⺆╷ޔԙ ᄙ⸒⺆╷ޔԚዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߩ㧟ߟߦಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ ᧄޕႎ๔ߢߪߩߎޔ ߥ߆ߢ․ߦԚዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ⺖ߣ⁁ߩߘޔ㗴ߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ '7 ߇ޟᄙ᭽ᕈߩߥ߆ߩ⛔৻ࠍޠᒝ⺞ߔࠆߥ߆ߢട⋖࿖ߩో↪⺆ࠍ '7 ߩ↪⺆ߣ ߔࠆේೣࠍၷᜬߒߡࠆ߇ߪࠇߎޔᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⸒ߥ߇ࠄ߽ߘࠇߪ⺆⸒ޠ࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޟ ߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᜂߔࠆේೣߢࠅ╷ߢࠆߩ࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޔߪࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕᨒ⚵ߺࠍ ᒝ࿕ߦߔࠆᗧࠍᒝߊᜬߜߪߦ⊛᧪ᧄޔዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߣߪ⍦⋫ߔࠆ╷ߢࠆߎߣ߇ ุߥߢߎߘޕᄙ⸒⺆╷߇ࠇࠆᢥ⣂߇ߡߊࠆࠊߌߢࠆ߇⺆⸒࡞࠽࡚ࠪ࠽ޔ ߣࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⸒⺆ߩᣇߢߩᄙ⸒⺆╷ࠍ೨᥊ൻߔࠆߎߣߢߚߒ߁ߎޔ⍦⋫ࠍ⸃ᶖ ߔࠆᣇะߦะ߆ߞߡࠆߩߛߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠃ߁ޕ ߎߩ '7 ߩᄙ⸒⺆╷ߦߟߡߒߊࠆߣ ߪߦߎߎޔC⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࠍᅑബߒ␠ޔળ ⊛ߥ⸒⺆ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍଦㅴߔࠆޔDஜోߥᄙ⸒⺆⚻ᷣࠍଦߔޔE⸒⺆ߦߟߡߩࠃࠅ⦟ ⍮⼂ߣߘߩฃኈࠍㅢߓߡ␠ળ⛔วࠍଦㅴߔࠆ ߣ߁㧟ߟߩᩇ߇ᝪ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆߎޕ ߩߥ߆ߢޔߣࠆߡߟߦ⼂߁ߣޠ⺆⸒ࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޟ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߪ'ޟ7 ↪⺆ ߦട߃ߡၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ ޠVJGQHHKEKCN'7NCPIWCIGUCUYGNNCUTGIKQPCNCPF OKPQTKV[NCPIWCIGU ࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ߅ࠅޔၞዋᢙ⸒⺆߳ߩᗧ⼂⊛ߥᡰេ߇ᛂߜߐ ࠇߡࠆ'ޕ7 ౝߢߩᄙ⸒⺆⁁ᴫࠍ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ⸒⺆ߦട߃ߡࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⸒⺆ߦ߹ߢ ⋡ࠍ㈩ߞߡ⼂ߒߦ⼂ߩߘޔၮߠߚᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵╷ࠍଦㅴߔࠆᆫࠍ '7 ߣߒߡ࿕ ߡࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒઁᣇߢ'ޔ7 ߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵߳ߩ෩ߒ⹏ଔ߽ࠆ ޕᐕઍೋߦࡒ࠶࠹ࡦ 䇸[Pool 1996]; [⧯ᨋ 2004] European Commission – At a glance, http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/at-a-glance/doc1458_en.htm, Access: 21 February 2010. 3 European Commission – At a glance, http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/at-a-glance/doc1458_en.htm, Access: 21 February 2010. 1 2 2 ᮭ߆ࠄࡈࡦࠬߩᄙ⸒⺆⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍᆔབྷߐࠇߩ⺆⸒ࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑޔᄙ᭽ߐ ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡߚ␠ળ⸒⺆ቇ⠪ࠫࠝ࡞࠳ࡦ ߪޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡࠆ'ޟޕ7 ߩᱠߺߪޔ ᧄ⾰⊛ߥߣߎࠈߢޡ࿖ኅߩ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ޕࠆߢߩࠆߡߞ߹ߤߣߦޢᄙ⸒ ⺆␠ળࠍ↢ߺߔࠃࠅ߽ߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޔᑪ⸳߇࿖ኅਥᮭࠍ⢿߆ߐߥߎߣࠍߪߞ߈ࠅ ␜ߔߎߣߩᣇ߇ࠅࠃޔ㊀ⷐߥߩߢࠆ࠻ࠬࡑࠆߌ߅ߦࠬࡦࡈ߫߃ޔߪߢߎߎޕޠ ࡅ࠻᧦⚂⟑ฬ⋥೨ߩᙗᴺᡷᱜ ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ ޔߚ߹ޕዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ '7 ߣ ߒߡߩⴕേ߇ ޔᐕߦ⚿ᚑߐࠇߚૐ㗫ᐲ↪⸒⺆᰷Ꮊോዪ㧔'$.7.㧕߳ߩᡰេߥ ߤߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇ' ࠄߔࠇߎߦࠄߐޔ7 ߩߥ߆ߢട⋖࿖ߩ࿖⋉ࠍઍ ᑯߔࠆᯏ⢻ࠍᨐߚߒߡߡ'ޟ7 ߩቯᯏ㑐ߩޠ⟎ઃߌߦࠆ㑑ℂળ㧔%QWPEKNQH VJG/KPKUVGTU㧕ࠍㅢߐߕߦޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔᰷߮Ꮊ⼏ળ㧕ߣߒߡߩ⁛⥄ߩ㧔ߘࠇࠁ߃ 㗵ߣߒߡߪᭂߡ㒢ࠄࠇߚ㧕੍▚ၫⴕߢߞߚߎߣࠍᗐߔࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ࿖ኅਥᮭࠍ⏕ ߔࠆߥ߆ߢߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ᴦ⊛ޟ᰷Ꮊ⋉ࠍޠㅊ᳞ߒߡ߈ߚ '%'7 ߢߪޔᔅߕߒ߽㕖࿖ ኅ⺆ߚࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔ߦචಽߥኻᔕ߇ขࠇߡߥ߆ߞߚߣ⸒ࠊߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ ޕ ࠫࠝ࡞࠳ࡦߩߎ߁ߒߚ෩ߒ⹏ଔࠍ⠨ᘦߦࠇߡ⠨߃ࠆߣ'ޔ7 ߪዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ ࠍផㅴߒߡߪࠆ߽ߩߩߩߘޔዷ㐿ߦߚߞߡߪ '7 એᄖߩ႐ࠍ↪ߒߡㅴࠆߒ߆ߥ ߆ߞߚߣ߁ߎߣ߇⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆'ޕ7 ߪ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆၞ⛔วߩ ⷐߣߒߡ⚻ޔᷣ߆ࠄᴦᄖߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢᐢ▸ߦ߽߮߆ߒޔၞౝߩᏒ᳃↢ᵴ߳ߩᓇ 㗀ߩᄢ߈ߐߪઁߩၞᯏ᭴ߩߘࠇߦᲧߴࠆߣ㆝߆ߦᄢ߈ޔߢߎߘޕ%'㧔᰷Ꮊክ⼏ળ㧕 ߿ 15%'㧔᰷Ꮊో㓚දജᯏ᭴㧕ߣߩදജ㑐ଥ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߢࠅ ࠈߒޔ%' ߥ ߒ 15%' ਥዉߦࠃࠆ⸒⺆╷ߩផㅴ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ 㧞㧚ዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ࠍߋࠆⷙ▸ߩᒻᚑ㨪%' ߮ 15%' ߣߩㅪ៤ %' ߮ 15%' ߣߒߡߩข⚵ߺ ೨▵ߢ⸅ࠇߚ '7 ߇⥄ࠄߩዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚߦޔ%' ߿ 15%' ߣߩදജ ࠍᷓߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ߁⺰ὐߦ㑐ߒߡߢࠆ߇ ߪߢ▵ᧄޔ%' ߮ 15%' ߇ฦޘ ዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩߚߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥേ߈ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆߩ߆ޔᚑᨐࠍߍߡࠆߩ߆ࠍᬌ ⸽ߒߩߘޔߢ '7 ߣߩදജ㑐ଥߦߟߡࠆߎߣߣߒߚޕ వߕߩߢࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޔ࿖㓙ⷙ▸ᒻᚑߦవ┙ߜ ޔᐕߦ࿖ㅪߢ╷ቯߐࠇߚޟᏒ᳃⊛ ߮ᴦ⊛ᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿖㓙ⷙ⚂ࡁࠗࡑ⊛⺆⸒ߢ᧦ ╙ߪߢߎߎޕ߁ߎ߅ߡࠄ߆ޠ ࠹ࠖߩᮭࠍଚኂߔࠆߎߣߩߥࠃ߁ട⋖࿖ߦ᳞ߡࠆ߇ࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑ⊛⺆⸒ޔ ߇ሽߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ್ᢿߪ࿖ߩⵙ㊂ߦᆔߨࠄࠇࠆߣ߁ޟᒙߐߩߘޕߚࠇࠄ߇ޠ ᓟ ᐕߩ߿ߪࠅ࿖ㅪߩޟ᳃ᣖቬᢎ⸒⺆ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߦዻߔࠆੱߩޘᮭߦ㑐ߔ ࠆት⸒ޔߪߢޠട⋖࿖ߦኻߒߡޔዋᢙ⸒⺆↪⠪ߩ⸒⺆ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߩ⼔߮ ߘߩផㅴࠍ┙ޔᴺߥߒߘߩઁߩភ⟎ࠍ⻠ߓࠆߎߣߢߦ⺆⸒ޔ㑐ߔࠆੱߩੱᮭࠍᡷ ༀߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ᳞ࠆ㧔╙㧝᧦╙ޔ㧠᧦㧕߽ߩߩޟޔน⢻ߢࠆ႐วߦߪޟޠㆡಾߦޠ ޟචಽߥᯏળᦌߩߤߥޠᤒߥ߇ࠆߚߦޔ࿖ኅࠍᒝߊⷙߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ ߞߚࠍ⋡ߦࠦࠬࡀ࡙ޕォߕࠆߣޟޔᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆᏅ᠗ᑄᙗ┨ޠ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅ߡޔ ᒰ⠪߇Ꮧᦸߔࠆ႐วࠍ⺆⸒↪ޔℂ↱ߦᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߪᏅߦߪ 4 5 6 7 ᐭ䈮ឭ䈘䉏䈢⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ䈲[Giordan 1982] ᙗᴺ╙䋲᧦䈮䇸࿖䈱⸒⺆䈲䊐䊤䊮䉴⺆䈪䈅䉎䇹䈫䈱᧦㗄䈏ട䈋䉌䉏䈢䋨1992 ᐕ 6 䋩䇯 [䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮68] [䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮67] 3 ᒰߚࠄߥߎߣࠍ⸥㧔╙㧞᧦ D㧕ߒߚߢ߹ߊߪࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦ㈩ᘦߒ ߚᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⸳⟎߇น⢻ߢࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢࠅࠍ⟎⸳ޔ࿖ኅߦᒝߐߖࠆ߽ߩ ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ ޕ ߢߪߎ߁ߒߚ⢛᥊ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ %' ߦߟߡߡߺࠃ߁ੱߩߢࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޕᮭᠩ⼔ޔ ߮ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩⷙ▸ᒻᚑࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߚ %' ߢߪ ޔᐕߦޟ᰷Ꮊၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ ᙗ┨ޠ㧔'WTQRGCP%JCTVGTHQT4GIKQPCNQT/KPQTKV[.CPIWCIGU㧕߇ណᛯߐࠇޔ ᐕߦ⊒ലߒߚ ޕዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ⼔ߦ․ൻߒߚߣ߁ᗧߢ࡙࠾ࠢߥ᧦⚂ߢࠅ'ޔ7 ട ⋖ ࡩ࿖ߩ߁ߜ ࡩ࿖ߢᛕಎ߇ᷣߺ࿖ౝᴺߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔 ᐕ ᣣ 㧕 ߡߒߘޕ᰷Ꮊၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߣߣ߽ߦ %' ߣߒߡߩࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⼔╷ߩᩇ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ߩ ߇ ޔᐕ ߦ ណ ᛯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ᐕ ߦ ⊒ ല ߒ ߚ ޟዋ ᢙ ᳃ ᣖ ⼔ ᨒ ⚵ ᧦ ⚂ ޠ 㧔(TCOGYQTM%QPXGPVKQPHQTVJG2TQVGEVKQPQH0CVKQPCN/KPQTKVKGU㧕ߢࠆߎޕ ߎߢߪ⸒⺆ߦ㒢ࠄߕࠃࠅ൮⊛ߥࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߩ⼔߇ㅴࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ'ޕ7 ട ⋖࿖ߦߟߡߪ ࡩ࿖ߢᛕಎ߹ߢቢੌߒߡ⊒ലߒߡࠆ㧔 ᐕ ᣣ㧕ޕ ᰷Ꮊၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߪࠍ⼔ߩߩ߽ߩߘ⺆⸒ޔଦߔὐߢ↹ᦼ⊛ߢߞߚޔߒ߆ߒޕ ࠕࠞ࡞࠻ᣇᑼߢో⚂᧦ޔࠍฃߌࠇࠆᒻߢߪߥߊޔട⋖࿖߇ߢ߈ࠆߣߎࠈ߆ࠄታ ᣉߢ߈ࠆේೣߣߥߞߡࠆ㧔╙ ᧦㧕ߎߣߪޔᒝߺߢ߽ࠅޔหᤨߦᒙߺߢ߽ࠆߣ ⹏ଔߐࠇࠃ߁ޕዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߢߪߩࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑޔ൮⊛ߥ⼔ࠫࡓߣ ߥࠆᄙ࿖㑆ߢ✦⚿ߐࠇߚᦨೋߩ᧦⚂ߣ߁ᗧ⟵߇ࠅޔੱߩᮭߣࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߩ ᮭ߇ੱޔᮭߩචಽߥ⼔ߣ߁ὐ⺆⸒ߦ․ޔᮭߦ߅ߡߟߥ߇ߞߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ ߒߡࠆᦌޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕᤒߥߩᛮߌⓣ⊛᧦㗄߇ᄙߎߣ߽ታߢߞߚ ޕ %' ߢߪ ᐕߩ╙ ࿁ %' 㚂⣖ળ⼏ߢ⊒ߐࠇߚ࡞ࡉࠬ࠻ࠬޟት⸒ⴕേ⸘↹ޠ ߦ߅ߡޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵ੱᮭߩዅ㊀ߣ߁ %' ߩ⋡⊛ࠍౣ⏕ߒౕߩߚߩߘޔ⊛ߥⴕ േᜰ㊎ࠍ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߣੱᮭ␠ޔળߩ࿅⚿ޔᏒ᳃ߩోޔᢥൻߩᄙ᭽ᕈߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ␜ߒߡ ࠆޔߢ߆ߥߩߎߡߒߘޕዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߦߟߡޔᐭߣᏒ᳃␠ળߩᣇࠍ ෳ↹ߐߖߡਔ⠪ߩ㑆ߩା㗬㉯ᚑភ⟎ߣ⋧දജߩᒝൻࠍㅢߓߡޔ%' ߇ⴕ߁࡛ࡠ࠶ ࡄࡌ࡞ߢߩၮḰ╷ቯࠍቢోߥ߽ߩߣߔࠆߎߣߦነਈߔࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆ ޕᐕ ߩ╙ ࿁ %' 㚂⣖ળ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆࡢࡖࠪ࡞ࡢޟት⸒ⴕേ⸘↹ޔߪߢޠዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ⼔ࠍ ㅢߓߡ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߦၮߠߚ␠ળߩቯࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣࠍት⸒ߦ߅ߡㅀߴߚߢⴕޔേ⸘ ↹ߦ߅ߡ᰷Ꮊၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ᙗ┨ߣዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߦၮߠߊዋᢙ⸒⺆ዋᢙ᳃ ᣖߩ⼔╷ߩ⛮⛯ࠍߎࠇ߹ߢએߦଦㅴߔࠆߣߒߚ߶߆'ޔ7 ߣ 15%' ߣߩදജࠍᒝൻ ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡࠆ ޕ [Henrard 2003, 47-49] ᧄᙗ┨䈪䈲⒖᳃䈱⸒⺆䈲䉁䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䋨╙䋱᧦ a-ii䋩䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮EU 䈫䈚䈩䈱ข䉍⚵䉂䈮䈲⒖᳃䈱⸒⺆䈏ⷞ ㊁䈮䈦䈩䈐䈩䈇䉎䇯䈢䈫䈋䈳એਅ䈱᰷Ꮊ⼏ળ䈱⼏䇮Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a shared commitment, P6_TA(2009)0162, European Parliament resolution of 24 March 2009 on Multilingualism: an asset for Europe and a shared commitment (2008/2225(INI)), Official Journal of the European Union, C117E, p.62 (para.25). 10 ᛕಎ䉁䈪ቢੌ䈚䈩䈇䉎࿖䈲䊄䉟䉿䇮䉟䉩䊥䉴䇮䉥䊤䊮䉻䈭䈬 16 䊱࿖䇮⟑ฬ䈚䈢䈏ᧂᛕಎ䈭䈱䈏䊐䊤䊮䉴䇮䉟䉺䊥 䉝䇮䊙䊦䉺䈱䋳䊱࿖䇮ᧂ⟑ฬ䈏䊔䊦䉩䊷䉇䊑䊦䉧䊥䉝䈭䈬䋸䊱࿖䈪䈅䉎䇯 http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG, Access: 29 January 2011. 11 ⟑ฬ䈚䈢䈏ᧂᛕಎ䈏䊔䊦䉩䊷䇮䉩䊥䉲䊞䇮䊦䉪䉶䊮䊑䊦䉪䇮ᧂ⟑ฬ䈏䊐䊤䊮䉴䇯 http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/6_Resources/PDF_Table_Monitoring_en.pdf, Access: 29 January 2011. 12 [Henrard 2003, 49-51] 13 2 nd Summit of Heads of State and Government (Strasbourg, 10-11 October 1997), Final Declaration and Action Plan. 14 3 rd Summit of Heads of State and Government (Warsaw, 16-17 May 2005), Final Declaration 8 9 4 ᰴߦ 15%' ߦߟߡߡߺߚޕ15%' ߪ ޔᐕߩ⊒⿷ᒰೋ㧔ᒰᤨߪ %5%'㧩᰷Ꮊ ో㓚දജળ⼏ߢ ޔᐕߦ 15%' ߦᡷ⚵㧕߆ࠄ⚗੍㒐ߩߚߩో㓚ኻߩ႐ ࠍឭଏߔࠆᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ಄ᚢ⚳⚿ᓟߩ ᐕઍએ㒠੍ޔ㒐ᄖࠍᩇߣߔࠆ ද⺞⊛ో㓚ߩផㅴᓎࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߡࠆߢ߆ߥߩߘޕ᳃ᣖ⚗ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆߚߦޔ ዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄၮḰߩ╷ቯߦ⽸₂ߒߡ߈ߚ ᦨߩߘޕೋߩᨒ⚵ߺߣ ߒߡࡦࠥࡂࡦࡍࠦޟᢥᦠޠ 㧔 ᐕ㧕߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޔߪߢߎߎޕ ޟዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㧔PCVKQPCN OKPQTKV[㧕ߦዻߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪੱߩㆬᛯߦᆔߨࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅߩߎޔㆬᛯࠍⴕߔࠆߎ ߣߦࠃߞߡਇ⋉ࠍⵍࠆߎߣߪߥޕዋᢙ᳃ᣖߦዻߔࠆੱߩߘߦ↱⥄ޔߪޘ᳃ᣖ⊛ޔ ᢥൻ⊛⺆⸒ޔߩࠆߪቬᢎߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍߒ⛽ޔᜬߒ⊒ޔዷߐߖࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޠ㧔╙ ᧦㧕ߣⷙቯߐࠇߡࠆࠍࠇߎޕฃߌߡหᐕߦ╷ቯߐࠇߚޟᣂߒ ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩߚߩࡄᙗ┨ޟޔߪߢޠዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㧔OKPQTKVªUPCVKQPCNGU㧕ߩࠛࠬ࠾ ࠶ࠢߥޔᢥൻ⊛ߥޔቬᢎ⊛ߥࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖߪ⼔ߐࠇࠄࠇߎޔዋᢙ⠪ߦᏫዻߔࠆ ੱ߮ߣߪࠆߥ߆ޔᏅ߽ߥߊޔᴺߩਅߩቢోߥࠆᐔ╬ߦၮߠߡ࠹ࡦ࠺ࠗࠕߩߘޔ ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍߒޔᜬߒ⊒ޔዷߐߖࠆᮭࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍ⏕ߔࠆߣޠ⸥ߐࠇߡࠆ ޕ ߎࠇߦࠃߞߡ %5%'15%' ߪޔᏅ᠗ᑄߣੱᮭߩ⏕ࠍੱਥ⟵ᔨߦၮߠߡⴕ߁ߣ ߁ᆫ߆ࠄޔ㓸࿅⊛ᔨߦၮߠߡⴕ߁ߣ߁ᆫߦ⒖ⴕߒߚߣߩℂ⸃߽ߥߐࠇࠆ ޕ ߘߒߡޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㜞╬ᑯോቭߩࡐࠬ࠻ࠍ⸳⟎ߒ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߩߘޔਥዉߩ߽ߣߢޟޔᢎ ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭߦ㑐ߔࠆࡂࠣ൘๔ޠ㧔 ᐕ㧕ޟޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ⸒⺆ᮭߦ㑐 ߔࠆࠝࠬࡠ൘๔ޠ㧔 ᐕ㧕ޟޔⓨ㑆߳ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩലᨐ⊛ߥෳടߦ㑐ߔࠆ࡞ࡦ࠼ ൘๔ޠ 㧔 ᐕ㧕ޔ ࠆߌ߅ߦࠕࠖ࠺ࡔޟዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ޠ 㧔 ᐕ㧕ޔ ޟᄙ᳃ ᣖ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆᴦ⛽ᜬߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ޠ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߥߤ ޔᄙߊߩ൘๔ᢥᦠࠍណᛯߒޔ ട⋖࿖ߦዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ╷ߩዉᣉⴕߩ߈߆ߌࠍᒝൻߒߡ߈ߚޕ '7 ߣ %'ޔ15%' ߣߩㅪ៤ %' ߮ 15%' ߩᵴേߦߟߡߪޔㅀߩ߽ߩߦട߃'ޔ7 ߣߩㅪ៤ߦࠃߞߡㅴࠄࠇ ߡ߈ߚ᭽ߥޘᚑᨐߦߟߡ߽⋡ࠍ㈩ࠄߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥޕ వߕ '7 ߣ %' ߣߩㅪ៤ߦߟߡࠆߣ ޔᐕએ㒠'ޔ7㧔⼏㐳࿖ޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧕ߣ %'㧔⼏㐳࿖ޔോ✚㐳㧕ߩޟ㧗 ળว߇ޠቯൻߐࠇޔਔᯏ㑐ߩද⺞߇ᐲൻߐࠇߚ ߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠃ߁ ߡߒߘޕᐕߦߪޟදജߣࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊߦ㑐ߔࠆหት⸒ޠ ࠍ⊒ߒޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ࠍੱᮭᠩ⼔ࠍ⏕ൻߒ ޔᐕߦߪࡢࡖࠪ࡞ࡢޟት⸒ࠍޠ ⊒ߒߡࠆ ޕ ৻ᣇޔ15%' ߣߩㅪ៤ߢߪߦࠄߐޔᄢⷙᮨߥㅴዷ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ ޕᐕએ㒠ޔ15%' ࠨࡒ࠶࠻ߦ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળᆔຬ㐳ߣ '7 ⼏㐳࿖߇Ꮸߔࠆߎߣߢޔਔ⠪ߩㅪ៤ࠍᐲൻߒߚ ߎߣߦ⛯߈ ޔᐕઍߦࠅ'ޔ7 ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߩኻᄖ㑐ଥ✚ዪߦ %' ߮ 15%' ߣߩ㑐ଥ ߩኾછࡐࠬ࠻߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚᧄࡦࠖ࠙ޕㇱߢߩᲤㅳߩᏱ⸳ℂળ㧔RGTOCPGPVEQWPEKN㧕 ࠍߪߓޔ᭽ߩ࡞ࡌࡈ࠶࠲ࠬߥޘળวߢ '7 ߆ࠄߩᏨߪᏱᘒൻߒߡࠆߦ․ޕ᳃ ਥᐲੱᮭോᚲ㧔1&+*4㧕߿ධ᧲᰷ޔධࠦࠞࠨࠬ᧲ޔ᰷ޔਛᄩࠕࠫࠕߩࡈࠖ࡞ and Action Plan. 15 [Jackson-Preece 1997, 350] 16 Charter of Paris for a New Europe, Paris, 1990, http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/1990/11/4045_en.pdf, Access: 24 February 2010, p.4. 17 [Decaux 2005, 178-179] 18 [Council of Europe – OSCE 2007, 45-152]; [Decaux 2005, 181-182] 19 [Toggenburg 2008, 115] 5 ࠼ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡌ࡞ߢߩදജߪᢙ㒢ࠅߥߊⴕࠊࠇߡࠆ ޕ ᐕណᛯߩޟ᰷Ꮊቯ᧦⚂ޠ㧔5VCDKNKV[2CEV㧕ߪޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㗴ࠍ੍㒐ᄖߩ ᚻᴺߢᧂὼߦ㒐ߋߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦߟߊࠄࠇߚ' ߪࠇߎޕ7 ߩㅢᄖో㓚╷㧔%(52㧕 ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ߅ߡ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߩࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑੱࠕࠪࡠޔੱࠟࡦࡂޔಣㆄࠍ ਥߣߒߡኻ⽎ߣߒߡߚ╷⚂᧦ޕቯߪ '7 ߢታᣉߐࠇߚ߇⊒ޔലᓟߩጁⴕߪ '7 ᧂട⋖ ࿖ࠍࠎߢߚߎߣ߆ࠄ 15%' ߦ⒖▤ߐࠇߚߩߘޕᗧߢߪห᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߩᚑᨐ‛ߢ ࠆ߇╷ߩߘޔቯㆊ⒟ߢ 15%' ߩᜬߟ੍㒐ᄖߦ㑐ߔࠆࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙߿⚗ޔ੍㒐ߩߚߩኻ ߩ⚵ߺߥߤࠍ '7 ߦขࠅࠇࠆߎߣࠍ '7 ߇ᒝߊ᳞ߡߚߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣޔ ߎࠇߪߒࠈ '7 ߣ 15%' ߩද⺞߇↢ߺߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆߣ߁ℂ⸃߇น⢻ߢࠈ߁ޕ ᐕਅඨᦼߣ ᐕඨᦼߩ '7 ⼏㐳࿖ࡈࡦࠬߣ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩหჿ㧔 ᐕ 㧕 ߦ߅ߡ࡞ࡘ࠺ࡃޔ㚂⋧ߣࠦ࡞⁛㚂⋧߇ㅪฬߢޔ᰷Ꮊቯ᧦⚂ߩ✦⚿ߣߘޔ ' ޟ7 ߪޔ ߩߚߩ '7 ߣ 15%' ߩදജߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡࠆ ޔߪ࡞ࡘ࠺ࡃߡߒߘޕ ᰷Ꮊቯ᧦⚂߇ %5%' ߣኒធߥ㑐ଥࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍᦸࠎߢࠆޕ㧔̖㧕ᚒߩޘᄢ㒽ߪߔߴ ߡߩࡔࡦࡃ߇ㅢߩⷙ▸ߩߦ┙ߜ੍ޔ㒐ᄖߣᐔ⛽ᜬࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆᐲࠍᔅⷐ ߣߒߡࠆߣ ޠਥᒛߒߡߚޕ ߘߩᓟࠦ࠰ࡧࠜ⚗ߩ⚳⚿ࠍฃߌߡ ᐕߦ✦⚿ߐࠇߚߩ߇ޟධ᧲᰷ቯ᧦⚂ޠ 㧔5VCDKNKV[2CEVHQT5QWVJ'CUVGTP'WTQRG㧕ߢࡦࠞ࡞ࡃߪࠇߎޔၞߩቯൻࠍ⋡ ᜰߔ߽ߩߢߞߚޕห᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߩਥዉߩ߽ߣޔ15%'ޔ%'ޔ࿖ㅪޔ1'%&㧔⚻ᷣදജ㐿⊒ ᯏ᭴㧕ޔ0#61ޔ⇇㌁ⴕߥߤᄙߊߩ࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ޔ߮ᣣᧄ߿ࠕࡔࠞߥߤߩవㅴ⻉࿖ࠍ ട߃ࠆ߃ࠍ ޔ࿖߿࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩදജߦࠃߞߡ᭴▽ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢߞߚ ޕ ߎ߁ߒߡ'ޔ7ޔ%'ޔ15%' ߥߤ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄ࿖㓙ᯏ᭴߇ߣ߈ߦන⁛ߢߦ߈ߣޔද⺞ߒߥ ߇ࠄޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ߩⷙ▸ᒻᚑߦ⽸₂ߒߡ߈ߚޔߪߡ߅ߦ▸ⷙߩߎޕዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩᮭ ᠩ⼔ߩ㊀ⷐߥ㕙ߣߒߡ⸒⺆ߩዅ㊀߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ߈ߚࠊߌߢ ޟޔ♿ߩ⚳ࠊࠅ ߦߪߩࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޔ᳃ਥ⊛ߥቯᯏ㑐߇ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߦᣇߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚޕ ⸒⺆⊛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᱜᒰᕈߪ߿ߪ߽ޔ࿖⺆߹ߚߪ↪⺆ߩߺߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߣޠ ߁࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄࡌ࡞ߩ⁁ᴫ⼂߇ᒻࠍᢛ߃ߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇⏕ߐࠇࠆޕ 㧟㧚'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩၞౝൻ ߢߪᰴߦߩߢ࡞ࡌࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ߚߒ߁ߎޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩⷙ▸߇ߤޔ ߩࠃ߁ߦ '7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷߳ߣᤋߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚޕ '7 ߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߪ ޔᐕ ߦ⊒ലߒߚࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߦᢙᰴߩᡷ⸓߇ ട߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ'ޕ7 ߩⴕേḰೣߪᒰὼߎߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦࠃߞߡቯࠄࠇࠆࠊߌߢࠆ߇ޔ ࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂⊒ല߹ߢߩၮᧄ᧦⚂ߢߞߚ ᐕ⊒ലߩ࠾ࠬ᧦⚂ߩᲑ㓏ߢߩ⁁ᴫ ࠍࠆߣ' ࠆߌ߅ߦ⼔ࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑޔ7 ߩ╷ߩᴺ⊛ၮ⋚ߩᦌᤒߐ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ ߚޔߡߒߘޕవߦߚ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ߩⷙ▸߇ਥߦኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚ᧲᰷⻉ ࿖ߦኻߒߡ'ޔ7 ߽ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩផㅴࠍട⋖ߩࠦࡦ࠺࡚ࠖࠪ࠽࠹ࠖߣߒߡ߈ߚ ߽ߩߩߩߘޔ╷ߩታⴕ㕙ߢߩ⺖㗴߇ᱷࠆౕޕ⊛ߦߪޔ㧝㧕ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩ ⚦ߦߟߡߩ '7 ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆၮ⋚߇ᦌᤒߢޔട⋖࿖ࡌ࡞ߩ╷ߦ߅ߡ߽ࡑࠗࡁ 20 21 [Toggenburg 2008, 113-114] Le Monde , 27 mai 1994. [Decaux 2005, 187] Stability Pact: About the Stability Pact, http://www.stabilitypact.org/about/default.asp, Access: 3 May 2010. 24 [䉳䉥䊦䉻䊮 2004䇮72] 22 23 6 ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩᴺ⊛ᢛ߇ㅴ࿖߽ࠇ߫ߩࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑޔሽࠍὼߣุቯߔࠆᆫߩ ࿖߹ߢࠆߥߤᄙጘߦࠊߚࠆޔ㧞㧕ࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߩᮭ߇ '7 ߩၞౝ╷ߩᦨఝవ⺖ 㗴ߣߥߞߡ߈ߚߎߣ߇ߥޔ㧟㧕ޟዋᢙ᳃ᣖޠ㧔PCVKQPCNOKPQTKV[㧕߇ࠍᜰߔ߆ࡑޔ ࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߩᮭߩၮᧄ߇߆ߦߟߡޔ࿖㓙ᴦ࿖㓙ᴺߦ߅ߡࠦࡦࡦࠨࠬ߇ ᓧࠄࠇߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥޔ㧠㧕᧲᰷⻉࿖ߩട⋖೨ߩ⽷ᡰេ╷ߢߞߚ 2*#4'㧔 ᐕ⊒⿷㧕ߦߦ⼔ࠖ࠹ࡁࠗࡑޔᴪߞߚ੍▚ᨒ߇ߞߚࠊߌߢߪߥߊޔ㑐ㅪ▎ᚲߣߒ ߡ໑৻ޟᏒ᳃␠ળߣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ᭴▽߁ߣޠ㗄⋡߇ߞߚ߇ߎࠇ߽ 2*#4' ੍▚ోߩ 㧝㧑ߦㆊ߉ߥ߆ߞߚ ߥߤߢࠆޕ ᧲᰷⻉࿖߳ߩ߈߆ߌߩၮ⋚ߩᦌᤒߐ߽ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠃ߁ޕട⋖੍ቯߩ᧲᰷⻉࿖ߦኻߒ ߡࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩታⴕࠍⷐ⺧ߔࠆ▸ߣߒߚߩߪ' ߽ߘ߽ߘޔ7 ᢥᦠߢߪߥޟ᰷Ꮊ ੱᮭⷙ⚂ޠ㧔ߎࠇߪᓟߦ '7 ᴺ♽ߦ⚵ߺࠇࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߪߥࠆ㧕 ߪࠆޔ15%' ᢥ ᦠ߿࿖ㅪᢥᦠߢߞߚ ߦ․ޔߚ߹ޕ%' ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ᨒ⚵᧦⚂ߪ '7 ߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߒߡ ߡ᧲ޔ᰷⻉࿖ߦߎߩ⟑ฬᛕಎࠍ㗫❥ߦ᳞ࠆ߇ࡦࠢ࡞ޔࠬࡦࡈޔࠡ࡞ࡌޔ ࡉ࡞ࠢߦ߁ࠃߩ࠳ࡦࠝޔ᰷ߩᣢട⋖࿖ߩߥ߆ߦ߽ᧂᛕಎߩ࿖߇ࠆߣ߁⍦⋫ߪ ㅏߖߥ ޕ ߎ߁ߒߚ㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡߚ⁁ᴫߦኻߒߡ ޔᐕ⊒ലߩࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ ᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ߪ⚂᧦ࡦࡏࠬޕᱜ⏕ߦߪ'ޟ7 ᧦⚂'ޟߣޠ7 ㆇ༡᧦⚂ߩޠ㧞 ᧦⚂߆ࠄߥࠆ' ߜ߁ߩߎޕ7 ᧦⚂╙㧞᧦ߦࡑࠗࡁ࠹ࠖߦዻߔࠆ⠪ߩᮭߩᠩ⼔ࠍ⸥ ߒߚߡߒߘޕห╙㧟᧦╙㧟㗄ߢ⊛⺆⸒ޔᄙ᭽ᕈࠍࠆߎߣࠍ⸥ߒߡࠆޔߦࠄߐޕ ᐕߦ╷ቯߒ ޔᐕߦᡷ⸓ߒߚ '7 ᢥᦠߦޟ᰷Ꮊㅪวၮᧄᮭᙗ┨ޠ㧔%JCTVGTQH (WPFCOGPVCN4KIJVUQH6JG'WTQRGCP7PKQP㧕߇ࠆ߇ޔᒰೋߪ᜔᧤ജߩߥⷙ▸⊛ ᢥᦠߦߣߤ߹ߞߡߚหᙗ┨ߢࠆ߽ߩߩ'ޔ7 ᧦⚂╙㧢᧦ߦࠃߞߡၮᧄ᧦⚂ߩߥ߆ߦ ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚޕหᙗ┨╙ ᧦ߢߪޟޔ᰷Ꮊㅪวߪޔᢥൻ⊛ޔቬᢎ⊛⊛⺆⸒ޔᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ 'ޟ7 ߣߒߡၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߒߡ⢐ ዅ㊀ߔࠆⷙߩߎޔࠅ߅ߡࠇߐߣޠቯߦၮߠ߈ޔ ቯ⊛ߥ╷ࠍㅴߡࠆޕ ޠ ߎ߁ߒߡࠬࡏࡦ᧦⚂ߦ߅ߡዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ߣߎࠇߦ߁ᒻߢዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߦߟ ߡ߽ၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦᢥൻߐࠇߡ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߣ߁ㅴዷࠍ⏕ߢ߈ࠆ߇߽ߘ߽ߘޔዋᢙ ⸒⺆⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆߩ╷ߪޔᢎ⢒߿ᢥൻ߿߿᭽ߥޘಽ㊁ߦࠊߚߞߡ߅ࠅޔၮ ᧄ᧦⚂ߣߒߡߪᄢᨒࠍ␜ߔߦߣߤ߹ࠆߎߣߪุߥޔߚߩߘޕߩޘ╷ߢߩౕ ᕈࠍᰳߊߣ߁ᛕ್߽ᄢ߈ ޔ߃ߪߣޕᐕߩᄢએᓟ'ޔ7 ߦ߅ߌࠆࡑࠗࡁ ࠹ࠖ⼔ߩᣉ╷ߪޟၞౝൻุߚ߹߽ߣߎߚ߈ߡࠇߐޠቯߢ߈ߥߛࠈ߁ࡦࡏࠬޕ ᧦⚂ߢၮᧄ᧦⚂ߦᢥൻߐࠇߚߎߣ߇⽎ᓽ⊛ߢࠆࠃ߁ߦ᧲ߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޔ᰷ߩߺߥ ࠄߕᣢട⋖ߛߞߚ᰷⻉࿖ࠍߚߔߴߡߩട⋖࿖ߦኻߒߡ᜔᧤ജ߇↢ߓߚࠊߌߢ ࠅߢ߹ࠇߘޔട⋖ࠍᝪ߃ࠆၞᄖ࿖ߣߩᷤߩౕߢߞߚὐ߇ޔᓟߩട⋖ࠍ ᝪ߃ࠆၞᄖ㑐ଥ࿖߳ߩޟኻᄖ⊛⺖ޠ㗴ߢࠆߎߣߦട߃'ޔ7 ⥄りߩౝ⊛⺖㗴ߣߥߞߚ ޕ 25 26 27 [Sasse 2006, 67] [Sasse 2006, 67-68] Official Journal of the European Union, 2007/C 303, 14.12.2007, p.307. European Commission - Languages of Europe - Regional and minority languages, http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/languages-of-europe/doc139_en.htm, Access: 18 February 2010. 29 [Toggenburg 2008] 30 [Toggenburg 2008, 118] 28 7 㧠㧚'7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߦะߌߚ╷⊛⊒㔺 ߦߚࠃ߁ߦ'ޔ7 ߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩⷙ▸ߪ᧲ޔ᰷⻉࿖߇ട⋖࿖ߣߥࠆㆊ⒟ ߢၞౝൻߐࠇߡߞߚߩ▸ⷙޕၞౝൻߩᰴߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡౕޔ⊛ߥ╷ߣߒߡߩ ዉ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆࠊߌߢࠆ߇ޔߪߢ▵ᧄޔዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩⷙ▸߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡၞౝൻ ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎߩᤨᦼߩౕ⊛ߥ '7 ߩ╷േะߣߒߡޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߦ߅ߌࠆᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣ⺆↪ߩ⺆ࠢࠬࡃ⺆ࡖ࠾࡞࠲ࠞޔൻߦߟߡߡ߅߈ߚޕ ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩㅴዷ ᐕ ߦ᧲᰷⻉࿖ ࡩ࿖߇ '7 ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߒߚ߇ޔหᐕ ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚࡃࡠ ࠱ࠍᆔຬ㐳ߣߔࠆ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߪޔೋߡᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰߩᆔຬ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚ'ޕ7 ߦ߅ߡᄙ⸒⺆ߣ߁ὐߪߪ߽ߘ߽ߘޔᢥᦠߩ '7 ↪⺆߳ߩ⠡⸶ߩ㗴ߣߒߡޔ ߟ߹ࠅߪ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ⸒⺆ߩᄙ᭽ᕈߩᢥ⣂ߢᛒࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ ' ߡߒߘޕ7 ߩ࿖㓙┹ജ ᒝൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ ᐕߩࡦࡏࠬޟᚢ⇛ߩޠᵹࠇߩߥ߆ߢ ޔᐕߩޟ᰷Ꮊ⸒⺆ᐕޠ ߢឭߐࠇߚޟᲣ⺆ߦട߃ߡ㧞⸒⺆ߩޠᣇ㊎ߦࠃࠆᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ᒝൻ ߇ឝߍࠄࠇߡࠆޕ ߎ߁ߒߚᵹࠇߩߥ߆ߢ࠱ࡠࡃޔᆔຬળߢߪޔవߕߪᢎ⢒ᢥൻᜂᒰᆔຬߦ⸒⺆㧔ᄙ ⸒⺆ਥ⟵㧕ߩᜂᒰ߽ᜂࠊߖࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ ᐕߦ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߪޟᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߦะߌߡߩᣂߚߥᨒ⚵ᚢ⇛ޕߚߒ⊒ࠍ ޠ ᐕߦၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏߇᰷Ꮊᆔຬળਥߢ㐿ߐࠇࠍࠇߎޔฃ ߌߡࡈࠖࠥ࡞ᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߪࡒࠨߩ࠼ࡦࡦࠖࡈࠄ߆࠙ࡈߩࠕ࠲ࠗޟ ߦ⥋ࠆ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄోၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㨇ዋᢙ㨉⸒⺆หߩሽࠍ⍮ࠄߒࠆᯏળߣߥߞߚޕ 㧔̖㧕ዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ⠪ߪޔ㨇'7߇ឝߍࠆ㨉ޡᲣ⺆ߦട߃ߡ㧞⸒⺆ߩ⠌ᓧ⋡߁ߣޢᮡߪ ㊁ᔃ⊛ㆊ߉ࠆࠃ߁ߥߎߣߪ߹ߞߚߊߥߊ'ߦߢߔߪࠇߎޔ7ߩᄙߊߩ࿖Ⴚ߿ㄝၞߢ ߪታߦߥߞߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢࠆߣޠㅀߴޔ᰷ၞ߽ߚ'7ၞౝߦᄙᢙ ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ห߇ሽߒ'߇ࠇߘޔ7ߩ⋡ᜰߔޟᄙ᭽ᕈߩߥ߆ߩ⛔วޟ߿ޠᄙ⸒⺆ਥ ⟵ߦၮߠߊ⊒ዷ߁ߣޠᴦ⋡ᮡߩታߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥሽߢࠆߣߩ⼂ࠍ⏕ߦ ␜ߒߚ ޕหળ⼏એ㒠'ߚߒ߁ߎޔ7ၞౝߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߦജὐࠍ⟎ ߊ⸒⺑߇ࡈࠖࠥ࡞ᆔຬߩ⊒⸒ߦߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔ㕖࿖ኅ⺆ߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆᮭ ᠩ⼔ߣ߁%'15%'⊛ߥᢥ⣂߇'7ౝߦ⦡Ớߊ┙ߜࠇߡߊࠆߪ࡞ࠥࠖࡈޕᐕߦ ޟᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ࡂࠗࡌ࡞ࠣ࡞ࡊޠ㧔*KIJ.GXGN)TQWRQP/WNVKNKPIWCNKUO㧕ࠍ⸳⟎ ߒ ޟߢߎߘޔ⠡⸶ㅢ⸶ޔᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ޔၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔߇ߤߥޠᬌ⸛ߐࠇޔ 䈢䈫䈋䈳 “Commission adopts measures to match supply and demand for translation,” Brussels, 26 May 2004, IP/04/679; “Portfolio Responsibilities of the Barroso Commission,” Brussels, 12 August 2004, IP/04/1030. 32 䈢䈫䈋䈳 Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission with responsibility for education and culture, “Award of the honoris causa,” University of Turin, Turin, 9 September 2004, SPEECH/04/394; Ján Figel, Member of the European Commission responsible for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism, “Sharpening our vision,” 7th ECSA World Conference <The European Union and Emerging World Orders: Perceptions and Strategies>, Brussels, 1 December 2004, SPEECH/04/503. 33 A New Framework Strategy for Multilingualism, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, 22 November 2005, COM (2005) 596 final. 34 Ján Figel, Member of the European Commission responsible for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism, “Multilingualism: a key component of the European Union’s strategy,” Bridge Forum Dialogue, Luxembourg, 15 June 2006, SPEECH/06/396. 35 ⼏㐳ߪࡈࠖࠥ࡞ޕ2007 ᐕߪᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩᓟછߢࠆࠝ࡞ࡃࡦ߇⼏㐳ࠍᒁ߈⛮ߋޕ 31 8 ᐕߦᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠࠍឭߒߚ ޕหႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔╬ߦၮߠߡᐕߦᣂߚߥᄙ⸒⺆ ਥ⟵ᚢ⇛߇╷ቯߐࠇߚ ޕᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ࡂࠗࡌ࡞ࠣ࡞ࡊᦨ⚳ႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔၞዋᢙ ⸒⺆ߦߟߡߩߘޔᠩ⼔ߩᔅⷐߣᣇ╷ߦߟߡ㧝┨߇ഀ߆ࠇߡࠆޕ ߐࠄߦ ᐕ ࠱ࡠࡃޔᆔຬળߪ⁛┙ߒߚᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬࠍᣂ⸳ߒ㧔࡞ ࡑ࠾ࠕりࠝ࡞ࡃࡦᆔຬ߇ዞછ㧕ߩߎޔ㗴ߦኾ㐷⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ߎߣߣߣߥߞߚ࡞ࠝޕ ࡃࡦ߽ߌࠊࠅߣޔᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵╷ࠍផㅴߔࠆ'ޟ7 ↢ᶦቇ⠌ࡊࡠࠣࡓޠ㧔ޯ ᐕ㧕ߩᢥ⣂ߦ߅ߡޔᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ߩߥ߆ߢޟၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍߔߴߡߩ⸒⺆߇ޠᠩ ⼔ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠅߩߘޔᣇะߢ╷ࠍㅴࠆߣߩࠬࡇ࠴ࠍ➅ࠅߒⴕ߁ ߡߒߘޕ 'ޟ7 ↢ᶦቇ⠌ࡊࡠࠣࡓޟޔߪߢޠೋߡၞዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍߔߴߡߩ⸒⺆ߦ㐷ᚭ߇ 㐿߆ࠇࠆޠᒻߢ⸒⺆⠌ᓧߦᲤᐕ ਁ࡙ࡠ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇࠆ ߣ߁ࠃ߁ߦ'ޔ7 ߦ߅ߌ ࠆޟᄙ⸒⺆ޔ߇ޠ࿖ኅ⺆ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ߆ࠄࠄ߆ߦዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍ߽ᄙ᭽ᕈ߳ߣᄌൻߒߡ ߈ߚߎߣ߇ߡขࠇࠆޕ ࠞ࠲࡞࠾ࡖ⺆ࡃࠬࠢ⺆ߩ '7 ↪⺆ൻ '7 ၞౝ㧔ߣࠅࠊߌ᰷ၞ㧕ߢߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩᠩ⼔ࠍߋࠆㆇേߪ ᐕઍ⚳ࠊࠅ ߆ࠄ ᐕઍೋ㗃ߦ߆ߌߡฦߢ㗼ൻߒޔ#&ࠬࡒࠬߪࡃࠗࡃࠢ࠶࠾ࠬࠛޟ ࡞ߣ ޠࠎߛ߇ࡖ࠾࡞࠲ࠞߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔᣇߢߩࠞ࠲࡞࠾ࡖ⺆ࠍߋࠆേ߈ߪ ਁੱ߽ߩ↪ੱญ㧔 ᐕ㧕 ߣ߁ⷙᮨߩ㕙ߢᄢ߈ߥሽᗵࠍߔࠆ ޕᐕ ߦࠬࡍࠗࡦߪ '% ട⋖ࠍᨐߚߔ߇ޔ⠉ ᐕߦࠞ࠲࡞࠾ࡖᎺߪࠞ࠲࡞࠾ࡖ⺆ࠍ '% ߩ↪⺆ߣߔࠆߎߣࠍ '% ߦ⺧㗿ߒߡࠆ ޕ ↪⺆ߦ㑐ߔࠆ '7 ߩේೣߪޔട⋖࿖ߦ߅ߡ↪⺆ߣߥߞߡࠆ⸒⺆ߪ '7 ߩ↪ ⺆ߣߥࠆ㧔 ᐕⷙೣ╙㧝ภ㧕ߣ߁߽ߩߢࠅߦ⺆ࡖ࠾࡞࠲ࠞޔ㒢ࠄߕޔዋᢙ⸒ ⺆ߩ႐วߪߕࠇ߽ޔᏫዻߔࠆട⋖࿖ߦ߅ߡ↪⺆ߩࠍᓧߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆߇ ࠊࠇࠆ ޔߪߢࡦࠗࡍࠬޕᐕઍඨ߫ߩࡈࡦࠦᦼߩᮭᆭਥ⟵߆ࠄߩ⒖ⴕߩߥ߆ ߢ⥄ߪࠢࠬࡃ߿ࡖ࠾࡞࠲ࠞޔᴦᎺߩࠍ₪ᓧߒ ޔᐕቯߩࠬࡍࠗࡦᙗᴺߪޔ ޔߚ߹߽⺆⸒ߩઁߩߘߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޟฦ⥄ᴦᎺߩᙗ┨ߦᓥޔฦ⥄ᴦᎺߦ߅ߌࠆ↪⺆ ߣߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߔࠆޠ㧔╙ ᧦ 㗄㧕ߣⷙቯߔࠆߦ⥋ߞߡߚޕ ࠞ࠲࡞࠾ࡖ߆ࠄߩⷐᦸߪߘߩᓟ߽⛮⛯ߐࠇ ޔᐕߦߥߞߡ '7 ߪޔឝߩ ᐕⷙೣ╙㧝ภࠍޔᒰട⋖࿖ߩోၞߢߪߥߊ․ቯߩၞߢߩ↪⺆ߣߒߡࠆၞ⺆ High Level Group on Multilingualism, Final Report , Commission of the European Communities, 2007. 37 Leonard Orban, European Commission responsible for Multilingualism, “Our aim is to give the Union a new generation of multilingual citizens,” European Day of Languages - Press Conference, Brussels, 26 September 2007, SPEECH/07/568. 38 䈢䈫䈋䈳 Leonard Orban, Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Multilingualism is in the genetic code of the Union,” Meeting with the Culture Committee, Brussels, 27 February 2007, SPEECH/07/104; Leonard Orban, European Commission responsible for Multilingualism, Speech at the Bundestag, Bundestag, Berlin, 25 April 2007, SPEECH/07/248; Leonard Orban, European Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European,” Day of Cyrillic alphabet, Sofia, May 24 2007, SPEECH/07/330. 39 Leonard Orban, European Commissioner responsible for Multilingualism, “Multilingualism – fundamental value of the EU,” Conference organised by the European Institute of Romania and the EC Representation in Romania, Bucharest, 22 June 2007, SPEECH/07/412. 40 [Smith 1981] 41 European Commission, DG XXII, Euromosaic, “Le catalan en catalogne (Espagne),” http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/homean/index1.html, Access: 10 May 2010. 42 [ᤊర 2010] 36 9 ߦߟߡ߽ㆡ↪ߔࠆቯࠍⴕ߁ߦ⥋ࠆ ߦࠇߎޕኻߒ⺆ࡖ࠾࡞࠲ࠞޔ߮ࡃࠬࠢ⺆ߦ 㑐ߒߡ' ࠍࠄࠇߎޔ7 ᯏ㑐ߢᱜᑼߦ↪ߢ߈ࠆ⸒⺆ߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠬࡍࠗࡦᐭ߽หᗧ 㧔 ᐕ ᣣ㧕ߒߚߎߣߢޔਔ⺆߇ '7 ߩ↪⺆ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ ߩߢࠆޕ ߘߒߡߎߩേ߈ߩߥ߆ߢ࠼ࡦ࡞ࠗࠕޔᐭ߇ࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼⺆ߩ↪⺆ൻࠍ᳞ߡ ߈ߚ㧔 ᐕߦࠕࠗ࡞ࡦ࠼⺆ߪ↪⺆ൻ㧕߶߆ߩઁޔᄙߊߩട⋖࿖ߢ߽ၞዋᢙ⸒ ⺆ߩ '7 ↪⺆ൻߩⷐ᳞ࠍ '7 ߦߔࠃ߁ߦߣߩജ߇ᒝ߹ߞߡࠆ ޕ వߦ'ޔ7 ߩ⸒⺆╷ߦߪ '7 ߣߒߡߩ↪⺆╷ޔᄙ⸒⺆╷ޔዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ ߩ㧟ߟ߇ࠅᧄޔႎ๔ߢߪߎߩߥ߆ߢዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߣߒߚ߇ޔታ ߪߎߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ↪⺆ൻߣ߁ߪ'ޔ7 ߩ↪⺆╷ߩ⥰บߦ߅ߡޔᄙ⸒⺆ ╷ߣዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߩ⚿▵ὐ߇ࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆߣࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁ޕ឵⸒ߔࠇ ߫ޔ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળߢߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣߘߩᓟߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ࠍߚޟᄙ᭽ᕈޠ ߩ⼏⺰ߩ㜞߹ࠅߣ⋧߹ߞߡ'ޔ7 ߩ⸒⺆╷ߩోࠍ൮៨ߔࠆ৻ߟߩᣇะᕈ̅̅ߟ߹ࠅዋ ᢙ⸒⺆ࠍࠎߛᒻߢߩᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵̅̅߇␜ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߒߡߩᗧ⟵߇ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢ ߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ޕ 㧡㧚⁁ߣ⺖㗴̆̆⚿߮ߦઍ߃ߡ ࡛ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔╷ߩㅴዷߪޔ%' ߿ 15%' ࠍ⥰บߦ╷ቯߐࠇࠆ᧦ ⚂╬ߦࠃߞߡዋᢙ᳃ᣖ⼔ࠍߋࠆ࿖㓙ⷙ▸߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ' ࠍ▸ⷙߩߘޔ7 ౝߦขࠅㄟࠎ ߢ'ޔ7 ߣߒߡߩ╷ߦᤋߐߖߡߊᵹࠇߢߞߚߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ ⷙߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ ▸ߩ '7 ߩ╷߳ߩขࠅㄟߺㆊ⒟߇' ߡߒߣᦼᤨޔ7 ߩ᧲ᣇᄢߣࠝࡃ࠶ࡊߒߡ ߚߎߣߪὼߢߪߥޕ᰷⻉࿖ߪዋᢙ᳃ᣖዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ⷙ▸ࠍ '7 ട⋖ߦ㓙ߒߡ ਇนᰳߥⷐ⚛ߣߒߡޔട⋖ߩࠦࡦ࠺࡚ࠖࠪ࠽࠹ࠖߣߒߡ᧲᰷⻉࿖ߦ⺖ߒߡߚߣߎ ࠈߢ᧲ޔ᰷⻉࿖߇ '7 ߦട⋖ߔࠆߎߣߢߘ߁ߒߚⷙ▸ߩᄖะߌߩߒߟߌ߇ၞౝൻߔࠆ ߎߣߦߟߥ߇ߞߚߩߢࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔᒰೋ߆ࠄ '7 ࠍ⥰บߦⷙ▸ᒻᚑ߆ࠄ╷ᒻᚑ߹ߢ߇ߥߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߎ ߣߦߪ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠈ߁'ޕ7 ߪઁߩၞᯏ᭴ߦᲧߴߡട⋖࿖ࠍ᜔᧤ߔࠆജ߇⪺ߒ ߊᄢ߈ߊߩߢߎߘޔ࿖㓙ᴺࡌ࡞ߢߩขࠅߩᓇ㗀ജ߽↟ᄢߢࠅߦߛ߹ޔዋᢙ ᳃ᣖ⼔ߩౕ⊛ᚻᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆቢోߥࠦࡦࡦࠨࠬ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡߥ⁁ᴫߢ'ޔ7 ࠍ⥰ บߣߒߡߩᨒ⚵ߩ╷ቯߦߪო߇ࠆߎߣ߇ุߥޕዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ⼔ߦߟߡ⸒߃߫ޔ '7 ౝ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⸒ ⺆ ࠍ ᢥ ൻ ߩ ᄙ ᭽ ᕈ ࠍ ➅ ࠅ ߒ ᒝ ⺞ ߒ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ߽ ޟޔቢ ᕈ ޠ 㧔UWDUKFKCTKV[㧕ߩේℂߦၮߠߡ⺆⸒ޔ╷߇ߘ߽ߘ߽ฦട⋖࿖ߩᮭ㒢ߦᆔߨࠄࠇ ߡࠆߎߣߦ⸒ߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ߽߁߆߇ࠊࠇࠆ ߥ࠻ࠤ࠺ޔ߃ࠁࠇߘޕ㗴ߢ ᴦὐൻߒ߿ߔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㗴ዋᢙ⸒⺆㗴ࠍవߕߪ '7 ߩᨒᄖߦ⟎ߡ✭ࠅࠃޔ ߿߆ߥၞᯏ᭴ߢࠆ 15%' ߥߒ %' ࠍ⥰บߦߎࠇࠍᛒߞߡ߈ߚ߇ߩߘޔਥߚࠆ࠲ ࠥ࠶࠻ߢߞߚ᧲᰷⻉࿖߇ '7 ട⋖࿖ൻߒߚߎߣߢޔዋᢙ᳃ᣖ㗴߽ '7 ߦౝൻߐࠇޔ ߘߎߢዋᢙ⸒⺆㗴߽೨᥊ൻߒߡ߈ߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕ ߩട⋖࿖ࡌ࡞ߢߡ߽߽ᦨޔਛᄩ㓸ᮭ߇ᒝߊޔዋᢙ⸒⺆ߦኻߔࠆ⊛ߥ⼔ 2005 ᐕ 6 13 ᣣ✚ോኻᄖ㑐ଥ㑑ℂળ䈮䈩ቯ䇯Press Release, 2667th Council Meeting, General Affairs and External Relations, Luxembourg, 13 June 2005, p.14. 44 Committee of the Regions, Press Release, COR/05/125, Brussels, 16 November 2005. 45 [Creech 2005, 23-24] 46 [Sasse 2006] 47 [Creech 2005, 59] 43 10 ࠍⴕ߁ᴦߦߪ〒㔌ߩࠆࡈࡦࠬߢߐ߃߽ ޔᐕߦߪᙗᴺߦޟၞ⺆ߪࡈࡦࠬ ߩㆮ↥ߢࠆޟ߁ߣޠၞ⺆᧦㗄ࠍޠᝌߔࠆᙗᴺᡷᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ ߥߤޔዋᢙ⸒⺆ ⼔ߩᣇะߦ '7 ౝߩⓨ᳇߇ᵹࠇߒߡࠆߎߣߪᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ'ޔߒߛߚޕ7 ⁛⥄ߩᣉ ╷ߣߒߡߪ ޔᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠ߦᄙ⸒⺆ਥ⟵ᜂᒰᆔຬߩ⸳⟎ߣ৻ㇱߩዋᢙ⸒⺆ߩ↪ ⺆ൻࠍㅢߓߡዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ߩᣉ╷ࠍᒝൻߒߡ߈ߚߎߣߪ㑆㆑ߥ߇ޔଐὼߣߒߡ '7 ߩᄙ᭽ߥ╷㗔ၞߩߥ߆ߢߪறᵹ⊛ߥᰴరߢߩข⚵ߺࠍㅴߡࠆߣ߁ߩ߇⁁ޔ ߩ⹏ଔߣߒߡߪㆡᒰߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆ ޕᐕએ㒠ߩ᧲ᣇᄢߩࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߪౝ߆ࠄ ᰴ╙ߦ⊒ߒߟߟࠆ߇ޔട⋖࿖ߢࠆࠢࡠࠕ࠴ࠕ߿ࡑࠤ࠼࠾ࠕߥߤߩᣥ࡙ࠧ ⻉࿖ߩࠦ࡞࠻ߪߦࠄߐޔട⋖ᷤߩߥ߆ߢߩዋᢙ⸒⺆⼔ࠍߋࠆᣂߚߥⷙ▸ߩߒ ߟߌ߇ߥߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫ޔౣᐲߘߩⷙ▸߇ၞౝൻߔࠆߣ߁ᵹࠇ߇ౣߐࠇࠆߩ߆߽ߒ ࠇߥޕ ޣઃ⸥ᧄޤⓂߪޔᣣᧄᲧセᴦቇળ ᐕᐲ⎇ⓥᄢળಽ⑼ળ #⺆⸒ޟ╷ߩᲧセᴦቇޠ㧔 ᐕ ᣣ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆႎ๔ࡍࡄߦޔหಽ⑼ળߢߩႎ๔⼏⺰ޔ߮ᚭᄢቇ࿖㓙ᢥൻቇ⎇ⓥ⑼⇣ ᢥൻ⎇ⓥᵹࡦ࠲⎇ⓥㇱ ᐕᐲࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠆߌ߅ߦࡄ࠶ࡠ࡛ޟᄙ᳃ᣖሽߣ '7ޠਥ ߩ╙ ࿁⎇ⓥࡒ࠽㧔 ᐕ ᣣ㧕ߢߩႎ๔⼏⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ߡޔട╩ୃᱜࠍട߃ߚ߽ߩߢ ࠆޕ 䇼ෳ⠨ᢥ₂䇽 غRichard Caplan (2002), “Conditional recognition as an instrument of ethnic conflict regulation: the European Community and Yugoslavia” Nations and Nationalism, Vol.8, No.2. غCouncil of Europe (1999), Implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages , Council of Europe Publishing. غCouncil of Europe – OSCE (2007) , National minority standards: A compilation of OSCE and Council of Europe texts, Council of Europe Publishing. غRichard L. 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