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学んで実践!
太陽紫外線と上手につきあう方法
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2章 太陽光を知る
●太陽光のスペクトル分布(図2.3)
Iqbal, M.(1988)An introduction to solar radiation, Academic Press
●ニュートンの光の分散実験
Newton, I.(1671)A new theory about light and colours. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 6,
3075-3087.
http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/69-80/3075.full.pdf+html
●ハーシェルの赤外線発見
Herschel, W.(1800)Experiments on the refrangibility of invisible rays of the sun.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 90, 284-292.
http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/90/284.full.pdf+html
●リッターの紫外線発見
Ritter, J. W.(1801)6. Von den Herren Ritter und Backmann. Annalen der Physik, 7,
527.
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k150173/f545.image
●DNAのUV損傷反応
Jagger, J.(1985)3. Near-UV Killing. In: Solar-UV Actions on Living cells, Praeger
Publishers.
●ビタミンD3生成反応
Folick, M. F. et al.(1982)7. The Photochemistry and Photobiology of Vitamin D3. In:
The Science of Photomedicine, Regan, J, D., Parrish, J. A.(eds.)
, Plenum Press.
Health Council of the Netherlands(1986)UV radiation: Human exposure to
ultraviolet radiation. The Hague, Health Council of Netherlands(Report
1986/93)
.
http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/en/publications/gezonde-leefomgeving/uv-radi
ation-human-exposure-to-ultraviolet-radiation
3章 太陽光がつくりだした地球環境
●オゾン生成と生物の進化(図 3.1)
Wayne, R. P.(1991)9. Evolution and change in atomospheres and climates. In:
Chemistry of Atmospheres, Second Edition, Clarendon Press Oxford, 404.
●オゾンのUV吸収スペクトルとDNAのUV損傷スペクトルの比較(図3.3)
Blake, A. J., Carver, J. H.(1977)The Evolution Role of Atmospheric Ozone. J.
Atmospheric Sci., 34, 720-728.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0469%281977%29034%3C07
20:TEROAO%3E2.0.CO;2
●CFCsによるオゾン層破壊
Molina , M. J., Rowland , F. S.(1974)Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes:
Clorine Atomic Catalysed Destruction of Ozone. Nature, 249, 810-812.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v249/n5460/abs/249810a0.html
Blumthaler, M., W. Ambach(1990)Indication of increasing solar ultraviolet-B
radiation flux in Alpine regions. Science, 248, 206-208.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/248/4952/206.short%EF%BF%BD%C3%9C
●オゾン層破壊による太陽UV-Bの増加トレンド
Kerr, J. B., C. T. McElroy(1993)Evidence for Large Upward Trends of Ultraviolet-B
Radiation Linked to Ozone Depletion. Science, 262, 1032-1034.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/262/5136/1032
Sasaki, M., Takeshita, S., Oyanagi, T., Miyake, Y., Sakata, T.(2002)Increasing
trend of biologically active solar UV-B irradiance in midlatitude Japan in
1990s. Opt. Eng., 41(12)
, 3062-3069.
http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=1099332
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J.(1992)Chap. 5 Back from Beyond the
Limit: The Ozone Story. BEYOND THE LIMITS, Chelse Green Pub Co.
●南極でのオゾン層破壊実測
Chubachi, S.(1984)Preliminary result of ozone observations at Showa station from
February1982 to January1983. Proceedings of the Sixth Symp. Polar Meteorol.
Glaciol. National Inst. Polar Research, Special Issue No.34, 13-19.
Farman, J. C. et al.(1985)Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal
ClOx/NOx Interaction. Nature, 315, 207-210.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v315/n6016/abs/315207a0.html
WMO(1998)Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998. Global Ozone Research
and Monitoring Project-Report, 44.
4章 地上の太陽紫外線環境―UV-B と UV-A の特徴
●東海大学湘南校舎(神奈川県平塚市 35°24’N,139°16’E)での太陽紫外線の UV-B 計測器
の開発と太陽 UV 散乱特性を含む実測データ
Sasaki, M., Takeshita, S., Sugiura, M., Sudo, N., Miyake, Y., Furusawa, Y., Sakata,
T.(1993)Ground-based observation of biologically active solar ultraviolet-B
Irradiance at 35°N latitude in Japan. J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 473-485.
Sasaki, M., Takeshita, S., Sugiura, M., Sakata, T.(1994)An increase in the global
solar ultraviolet-B irradiance at 35°N in Japan since 1990. J. Geomag.
Geoelectr., 46, 827-834.
Takeshita, S., Sakata, T., Sasaki, M.(1996)Development and Evaluation of a Solar
Ultraviolet-B Radiometer. J. Light & Vis. Env., 20(1)
, 51-59.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jlve/20/1/20_1_1_51/_article
Sasaki, M., Takeshita, S., Oyanagi, T., Miyake, Y., Sakata, T.(2002)Increasing
trend of biologically active solar UV-B irradiance in midlatitude Japan in
1990s. Opt. Eng., 41(12)
, 3062-3069.
http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=1099332
●太陽紫外線の散乱特性
International Commission on Illumination(1972)Recommendation for integrated
irradiance and the spectral distribution of simulated solar radiation for testing
purposes. CIE Publication No.20(TC-2.2)
, 47.
●紫外線の生物計測例
Munakata, N.(2000)Spore dosimetry of solar UV radiation: applications to
monitoring of daily irradiance and personal exposure. Adv. Space Res., 26,
1995-2003.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117700001733#
●紫外線の化学計測例
Diffey,B.L.(1989)Ultraviolet radiation dosimetry with polysulphone film.
In:Radiation measurement in photobiology, Academic Press, 135-139.
●太陽UV-Bの生物損傷効果を計測する物理計測器の開発と実測データ
Furusawa,Y., Suzuki, K., Sasaki, M.(1990)Biological and Physical Dosimeters for
Monitoring Solar UV-B light. J. Radiat.Res., 31, 189-206.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jrr1960/31/2/31_2_189/_article
●市販UV-A計測器の性能比較
Furusawa, Y., Sasaki, M. et al.(1991)Comparative measurement of performances of
six commercially available ultraviolet-A radiometers. Photomed. Photobiol., 13,
101-104.
5章 太陽紫外線の人への影響
●UV光源とその応用
Phillips, R.(1983)Sources and Applications of ultraviolet radiation. Academic Press
Inc.
●人体の受ける紫外線リスク
International Commission Non-Ionization Radiation Protection(1998)easurements
of Optical Radiation Hazards ICNIRP6/98: CIEx016-1998.
http://www.ciejapan.or.jp/?p=415
●紅班作用スペクトル(図5.1)
International Commission on Illumination(1999)Erythema Reference Action
Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose. ISO17166/CIE S007, 4.
http://www.ciejapan.or.jp/?p=184
●目と皮膚障害の作用スペクトル(図 5.2)
International Commission on Illumination(2002)Photobiological Safety of Lamps
and Lamp Systems. IEC62471/CIE S009, 31.
http://www.ciejapan.or.jp/?p=189
●オーストラリア/ニュージーランドの標準太陽紫外線スペクトル
Australian/New Zealand Standard 4399(1996)Sun protective clothing - Evaluation
and classification. Table B2 Relative energy value of solar spectral irradiance
(Sλ)
, 13.
●目への光の波長別透過特性(図 5.5)
Sliney, D. H., Wolbarsht, M.(1980)UV absorbance by ocular tissues. In: Safety with
Lasers and other optical sources. NY, Plenum.
●UVカット眼鏡を選ぶときの目安
WMO(1994)14.11 Eye Protection. Ultraviolet Radiation, Environmental Criteria,
160, 250-252.
http://www.who.int/uv/publications/EHC160/en/
●紅班を生じない程度の UV の長時間照射による発がんリスク
Parrish, J. A. et al.(1979)Chap.101 Dermatology in a General
Medicine.Photomedicine in Dermatology in General Medicine, 2nd ed,
Fitzpatrik, T. B. et al.(eds.)
, McGraw Hill Book Co.
●光線過敏症
DeLEO, V. A.(1992)6. Photosensitivity to systemic agents. In: Topics in clinical
Dermatology, Photosensitivity. IGAKU-SHOIN New York-Tokyo, 56-83.
●スキンフォトタイプの分類
Fitzpatrick, T. B.(1988)The validity and practicability of sun-reactive skin types I
through VI. Archives Dermatol., 124, 869-871.
●日本人のスキンタイプ(JST)
Satoh, Y., Kawada, A.(1986)Action spectrum for melanin pigmentation to
ultraviolet light, and Japanese skin typing. Fitzpatrick TB et al.(eds)
, Brown
Melanoderma. Univ. Tokyo Press, 87-95.
●日やけの男女差
Amblad, P. et al.(1982)Statistical study of individual variations in sunburn
sensitivity in 303 volunteers without photodermatosis. Arch. Dermatol., 274,
195-206.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00403722
6章 屋外で人が浴びる太陽紫外線とその防御法
●布の太陽紫外線の防御効果
Sasaki, M. et al.(2003)Studies on Protection of the Human Body from UV Radiation
-Transmittance and Reflectance of UV by White Fabrics-. Proceedings of 25th
Session of the CIE, 2(25 June- 2July 2003)D6-52-D6-55.
Sasaki, M. et al.(2003)Evaluation of UV Protection Efficiency of White Fabrics for
Ordinary Clothing. Photomed. Photobiol. 25(1)
, 51-54.
Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4399(1996)Sun protectiveclothingEvaluation and classification.
7章 世界の太陽紫外線防御対策
●オゾン層 1%破壊で、太陽 UV-B が 2%増加し、皮膚がん、白内障、免疫機能低下が 3~6%
増加するという予測
UNEP(1989)Environmental Effects Panel Report. UNEP.
http://www.ciesin.org/docs/001-538/001-538.html
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., J. Randers(1992)Chap.5 Back from Beyond the
Limit. In: The Ozone Story. BEYOND THE LIMITS, Chelsea Green Pub Co.
●ニューサウスウェールズのUV防御行動率のアンケート
NWS Health Department and NSW Cancer Council(2001)Sun Protection: A Guide
to Develop Better Protection in Skin Cancer Protection in NSW.
http://www0.health.nsw.gov.au/pubs/2001/sun_protection.html
●UVインデックス
International Commission on Illumination(2003)International Standard Global
Solar UV index. CIE S013.
http://www.ciejapan.or.jp/?p=203
8章 太陽紫外線との上手なつきあい方
●環境省による小学生の紫外線被ばく量調査
Ono, M., Munakata, N., Watanabe, S.(2005)UV Exposure of Elementary School
Children in Five Japanese Cities. Photochem. Photobiol., 81, 437-445.
●紫外線防御対策について
Sasaki, M.(1999)The Effects of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on the Human Body
(Plenary Lecture). Proceedings of “Science and Technology for Global
Ecology”, 11th International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists,
18-21.
9章 おわりに
●オゾン層破壊が2050年まで継続するという予測
World Meteorological Organization(2014)Assessment for Decision-Makers:
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project—Report No. 56.
http://www.unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2796&ArticleID=
10978&l=en
Meadows, D. H., D. L. Meadows, J. Randers.(1992)Chap. 5 Back from Beyond the
Limit: The Ozone Story. BEYOND THE LIMITS, Chelsea Green Pub Co.
The Japan Times(2005.12.8)Chemicals leaks to delay ozone hole's recovery by two
decades.