2015年度日本認知科学会第32回大会 OS13-7 ಶయࡢࣝ࢝ࡢ㤳ࡾືసࡢ┦ᙳ㡪 Interactional Synchrony of Head Shaking Behavior in Dolphins ᑠ᳃ ᨻႹ͊㸪ᑠ❑ ஂ⨾Ꮚ͊㸪Lira Yu͋㸪ᇽᓮ ṇ༤i㸪Ọ 㞞ᕫ͋ Masashi Komori, Kumiko Kokubo, Lira Yu, Masahiro Dozaki, Masaki Tomonaga ͊ ͋ i 㜰㟁Ẽ㏻ಙᏛ㸪 ி㒔Ꮫ㸪 ྡྂᒇ Ỉ᪘㤋 Osaka Electro-Communication University, Kyoto University, Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium [email protected] Abstract ࡲࡓ㸪࠸༠ㄪࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝ࡞ືసࢆ⾜ In human social interactions, it is often observed that interactants move together in harmony. This phenomenon is referred to as “synchrony.” Like humans, bottlenose dolphins are known to show a highly synchronous movement in a social context. The present study examined the synchrony of paired dolphins’ head shaking behaviors using a circular statistics method. Eight 15-s sessions were recorded in which two dolphins were instructed to shake their heads. The phase synchronization of head movements in each pair was measured using a moving circular correlation. Moreover, temporal changes in the degree of influence of the other dolphin’s head shaking behavior were evaluated using a partial circular correlation controlling the effect of its own preceding movement. Results suggested that differences in the degree of synchrony were caused by individual differences in response to the other dolphin’s behavior. ࠺⬟ຊࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡢ♫ᛶࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ࡢ့ங㢮ࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡢ ⌮ゎࡣ㸪ࣄࢺࡢ♫ᛶࡢ㐍ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜 せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝ࡞༠ㄪືసࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ┦స⏝㐣⛬ࢆ⤒࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ᡭἲࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ࣝ࢝ࡀ㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡢ⏕㉳࣭⥅⥆㐣⛬ࡢヲ⣽࡞ ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ㸬 ࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡣ┦స⏝⪅ࡢ୍᪉ࡀ᪉ࡢືస ࢆᶍೌࡍࡿ㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ࠸ࡀᶍೌࡋ࠶࠺ࡇࡼ ࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࡢࡼ࠺࿘ᮇ Keywords ̿ Synchrony, Bottlenose Dolphin ⓗ࡞㐠ືࡢሙྜ㸪ືసࡢึᮇẁ㝵࡛ᶍೌࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪 ࡑࡢᚋࡣࡃ⊂❧ࡋ࡚⪅ࡀືసࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ 1ࡣࡌࡵ ࡶ㸪ぢࡅୖࡢࠕࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࠖࡣ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀ ࣄࢺࡢ┦స⏝ሙ㠃࠾࠸࡚┦స⏝⪅ࡢ㠀ゝ ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ྛⅬ࡛ࡢືసࡢ┦ྠᮇࡢࡳࢆ ㄒࡀ㛫ⓗྠᮇࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤほᐹ ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡶ┦స⏝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡣࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮(synchrony) ࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸㸬 ࡤࢀࡿ㸬≉࠸༠ㄪࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⾜㐍ࡸࢲࣥ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡢ୧᪉ࡢ┦స ࢫ࡞ࡢࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝ࡞άືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡣᩥࢆ㉸ ⏝⪅ࡢືసࡀ㸪୍ᐃ㛫⤒㐣ᚋࡢ୍᪉ࡢືసཬ ࠼࡚ᖜᗈࡃㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ[1]㸬ࡲࡓ㢮ே⊷࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪⮬㌟ࡢືసࡀ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࡢⴌⱆࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ㏆ᖺࡢ ୍ᐃ㛫ᚋࡢ⮬㌟ࡢືసཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸪⪅ࡢ ◊✲࡛᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ[2,3]㸬୍᪉㸪㟋㛗㢮 ືసࡀ୍ᐃ㛫ᚋࡢ⮬㌟ࡢືసཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᓧ ௨እࡢ့ங㢮࠾࠸࡚ࣜࢬ࣑࢝ࣝ࡞༠ㄪືసࢆ⾜ ูࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ࿘ᮇⓗ࡞㐠 ࠺⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ࡛ࣝ࢝࠶ࡿ ືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡢືసࡢ┦ᙳ㡪㐣⛬ࢆ᳨ウ [4]㸬ࣝ࢝ࡣὋࡂࡸᾋୖࡢ㝿ࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࢆ♧ ࡍࡿ㸬 ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡀࣝ࢝ࡢ♫ⓗࡿ⯙࠸㛵ಀࡍࡿ ࡇࡀከࡃࡢほᐹࡽ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬 2᪉ἲ ࣄࢺ௨እࡢ့ங㢮࠾ࡅࡿືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ ᐇ㦂ࡣྡྂᒇ Ỉ᪘㤋ࡢᡂ⇍࢜ࢫࡢࣁࣥࢻ࢘ ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡣ㸪ࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡀ⏕ ࣝ࢝ 4 ಶయ(P㸪E㸪T㸪Q)ࡀཧຍࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ ㉳ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢゎ᫂ᐤࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡢྛࣝ࢝ࡣ࡛࣌༠ㄪࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᵝࠎ࡞₇┠ࢆ⾜ 1073 2015年度日本認知科学会第32回大会 OS13-7 ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺カ⦎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ゎᯒᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ₇┠ࡣ㸪Ỉୖ㢌㒊ࢆ ฟࡋࡓ≧ែࡢ 2 㢌ࡢࣝ࢝ࡀ㞄ࡾྜࡗ࡚ᣦ♧ࢆฟ ࡍ㣫⫱ဨࡢ᪉ྥࢆྥ࠸࡚୪ࡧ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩ ࢢࢼࣝࡼࡗ࡚ᕥྑ㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࢆ㛤ጞࡋ㸪 ࡑࡢᚋ⣙ 15 ⛊㛫ࢃࡓࡾ㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࢆ⥅⥆ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1㸧 㸬ྛヨ⾜ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿ࣍ ࢵࢫࣝࡼࡿḟᙉᏊ㨶ࡢษࡾ㌟ࡀࣝ࢝ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡍ࡚ࡢヨ⾜ࡣྠỈ᪘㤋ෆࡢࣉ࣮ࣝ ᅗ 1 ᐇ㦂ࡢᵝᏊ ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬 4 ಶయࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣌ࡋ࡚ୖグࡢ₇┠ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢືసཬࡧ 2 㢌ࡢࣝ࢝ࡢື ⾲ 1 ࣌࡞ࡗࡓࣝ࢝ సࢆゎᯒࡋࡓ㸬࡚ࡢ࡛࣌₇┠ࡣ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡀ㸪 ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝࡽ 15 ⛊㛫 ⥅⥆ⓗ㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࡀ⥅⥆ࡋࡓ 8 ヨ⾜ࡢࡳࢆ ゎᯒᑐ㇟ࡋ㸪15 ⛊‶ࡓ࡞ࡗࡓヨ⾜ࡣゎᯒᑐ ㇟ࡽእࡋࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧㸬㛤ጞࡽ 15 ⛊ᮍ‶࡛㤳 ࡾࡀṆࡋࡓᚋ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝࡼࡾ 㤳ࡾືసࢆ㛤ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪㛤ࡢ㣫⫱ဨࡢ ࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆゎᯒ༊㛫ࡢ㛤ጞࡋࡓ㸬 ₇┠ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㝿ࡢᵝᏊࡣࣅࢹ࣓࡛࢜࢝ࣛ ᙳࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞࣞࢺࡣ 29.97fps ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 3㤳ࡾືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ ྛヨ⾜ࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࢆࢥ࣐㏦ࡾ⏕ࡋ㸪3 ྡࡢホᐃ ⪅ࡀ┠どࡼࡾ㣫⫱ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ࣌ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ 2 㢌 ࡢࣝ࢝ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚ືసࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬㢌㒊ࡢヲ⣽࡞ືࡁࢆࣅࢹ࢜ᫎീࡽホ౯ ࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡞ࡓࡵ㸪㢌㒊ࡀືࡃ᪉ྥࡀᕥࡽ ྑ㸪࠾ࡼࡧྑࡽᕥኚࡍࡿࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࢆグ㘓 ᅗ 2 ࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㤳ࡾືసࡢ ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ࡚ࡢ࣌ࢆᙳࡋࡓᫎീࡘ࠸࡚ ┦ࡢኚ ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡶ࡙࠸࡚ྛࣝ࢝ࡀ㢌㒊ࢆᕥྑ ࡗࡓࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆồࡵࡓ㸬 సࡢ᪉ྥࡀኚࡋࡓⅬࢆ-ȧࡋḟࡢኚⅬࢆ 㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝࡸࣝ࢝ࡢ㤳ࡾືస ȧࡋࡑࡢ㛫ࡢ⥺ᙧ⿵㛫ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 2㸧 㸬ࡇࡢᡭ ࡣ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢືసࡢ┦ࢆ᥎ ⥆ࡁࢆ㣫⫱ဨ࠾ࡼࡧ 2 㢌ࡢࣝ࢝ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸ ᐃࡋࡇࢀࢆࡶ㤳ࡾືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡢ⛬ ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᙳ㡪㛵ಀࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬 㣫⫱ဨྛࣝ࢝㸪࠾ࡼࡧࣝ࢝ྠኈࡢࢩࣥࢡ ࡲࡎ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝ࠾ࡼࡧࣝ࢝ࡢ ࣟࢽ࣮ࡢ⛬ᗘࢆồࡵࡿࡓࡵ㸪┦ゅྠኈࡢ㛵ಀࢆ 㢌㒊ືసࡢྛࣇ࣮࣒ࣞⅬ࠾ࡅࡿ┦ゅࢆồࡵ ᪉ ྥ ⤫ ィ Ꮫ ࡢ ୍ ᡭ ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ゅ ᗘ ┦ 㛵 ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㣫⫱ဨࡢࣁࣥࢻࢩࢢࢼࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ㢌㒊ື (circular-circular correlation[5])ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ウࡋ 1074 2015年度日本認知科学会第32回大会 OS13-7 ࡓ㸬 ࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㸦Case 1A, 1B, ゅᗘ┦㛵ࡣゅᗘࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛ 2 ࡞㸧࠾࠸࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚㸪㣫⫱ဨ ࠶ࡾ㸪┦ゅྠኈࡢ㛵ಀࡀᖖ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ᭱ ࣝ࢝ࡢ㛫ࡣືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡣࢇ ࡶ㧗࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㐺ษ࡞㛫❆ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪 ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 㢌㒊ࢆࡿືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢኚࢆホ ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 4㤳ࡾືసࡢ┦ᙳ㡪㛵ಀࡢ᳨ウ ࣝ࢝ྠኈ࠾ࡼࡧ㣫⫱ဨࣝ࢝ࡢゅᗘ┦㛵ಀ ḟ㸪㤳ࡾືసࡢ┦ᙳ㡪㛵ಀࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ ᩘࡢ⣔ิኚࢆᅗ 3 ♧ࡍ㸬❆㛗ࡣ 150 ࣇ࣮ࣞ ࡍࡿ㸬࠶ࡿಶయࡢ㤳ࡾ㐠ືࡀ㸪┤๓ࡢಶయࡢ ࣒(5s)ࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓࢩࣇࢺ㛗ࡣື⏬ࡢ 1 ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ 㤳ࡾ㐠ືࡢ⛬ᗘᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ᳨ウࡍ ┦ᙜࡍࡿ 1/30s ࡋࡓ㸬ヨ⾜㛤ጞࡢ㣫⫱ဨࡢ ࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ࡑࡢಶయಶయࡢືసࡢ㛵ಀࡔࡅ ࢩࢢࢼࣝࡣࡢヨ⾜࠾࠸࡚ࡶᩘᅇࡋฟ⌧ࡋ࡞ ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪┤๓ࡢ⮬ࡽࡢ㐠ືࡢ⛬ᗘᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚ ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࣝ࢝ྠኈࡢ┦㛵ẚ࡚┦㛵ಀᩘ ࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡶホ౯ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ ࢆ⟬ฟ࡛ࡁࡓ༊㛫ࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࣝ࢝ྠኈ ゅᗘ೫┦㛵ᇶ࡙࠸࡚┦ᙳ㡪㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬 ಶయ A ࡢ้ t ࡽ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃ㛫㸦㛫❆㛗㸧 ෆ࠾ࡅࡿ┦ࢹ࣮ࢱ at ಶయ B ࡢ┦ࢹ࣮ࢱ bt ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ้ tIJ ࡽ୍ᐃ㛫ෆ࠾ࡅࡿ ಶయ A ࡢ┦ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ aWIJ ࡍࡿ㸬at ࢆไᚚኚᩘ ࡋ࡚ bt atIJ ࡢゅᗘ೫┦㛵ࢆồࡵࡿ㸪้ t ࡢಶయ B ࡽ้ t+IJ ࡛ࡢಶయ A ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ⛬ᗘ ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓྠᵝ㸬bt ࢆไᚚ (a) ྛࡢࣝ࢝ࡢືస㛫ࡢゅ┦㛵ಀᩘ ኚᩘࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ at aWIJ ࡢ೫┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ㸪้ t ࡢಶయ A ࡽ้ t+IJ ࡛ࡢಶయ A ⮬㌟ࡢᙳ㡪 ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㐺ษ࡞㛫❆ࢱ ࣒ࣛࢢࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࣝ࢝ࡢྛಶయ ࡀ⮬ࡽ୍ᐃࡢ࿘ᮇ࡛ࣜࢬ࣒ࢆಖ࠺ࡍࡿാࡁ ࡼࡿᙳ㡪㸪ࡢಶయࡽཷࡅࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ⛬ᗘࢆࡑ ࢀࡒࢀホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇ ࡢࢱ࣒ࣛࢢࢆ IJ=200ms ࡋ࡚ࣝ࢝ࡀ⮬㌟ࡽ ཷࡅࡓᙳ㡪㸪࠾ࡼࡧࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢࣝ࢝ࡽཷࡅࡓ (b)ᕥഃࡢࣝ࢝㣫⫱ဨࡢືస㛫ࡢゅ┦㛵ಀᩘ ᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 4 ࡣ้ t+IJ ࡢྛࣝ࢝ࡀ้ t ࡢ⮬㌟ࡢື సࡽཷࡅࡓᙳ㡪ࡢ⛬ᗘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ከࡃࡢ࠾ ࠸࡚ヨ⾜㛤ጞࡽ⤊Ⅼࡲ࡛ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗࠸೫┦㛵 ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ヨ⾜୰ࡢࣝ࢝ࡀᏳ ᐃࡋࡓ࿘ᮇ࡛㐠ືࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୍ᐃ ࡢ㏿ࡉ࡛㤳ࡾືసࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸬 (c)ྑഃࡢࣝ࢝㣫⫱ဨࡢືస㛫ࡢゅ┦㛵ಀᩘ ḟ㸪้ t+Ǖ ࡛ࡢ࠶ࡿಶయࡢືస㸪้ t ᅗ 3 ࣝ࢝㛫࠾ࡼࡧ㣫⫱ဨࣝ࢝㛫ࡢࢩࣥࢡ ࠾ࡅࡿಶయࡢືసࡢ㛵ಀࢆ้ t ࠾ࡅࡿᙜ ࣟࢽ࣮ ヱಶయࡢືసࢆไᚚኚᩘࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 5㸧㸬 1075 2015年度日本認知科学会第32回大会 OS13-7 (a) ಶయ P (a) ಶయ P (b) ಶయ E (b) ಶయ E (c) ಶయ T (c) ಶయ T (d) ಶయ Q (d) ಶయ Q ᅗ 4 ྛࣝ࢝ࡢ้ t ࡢ⮬㌟ࡽ้ t+ȫࡢ⮬ ᅗ 5 ้ t ࡢಶయࡽ้ t+ȫࡢྛಶయࡢ ㌟ࡢᙳ㡪(IJ=200ms) ᙳ㡪(IJ=200ms) ࡇࡢ್ࡣ࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡢືసࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ 200ms ๓ࡢࡶ ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿ㸬ṧࡾࡢ༙ᩘࡢ ࠺୍᪉ࡢಶయࡢືసࡢ⛬ᗘᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ヨ⾜୰୍㈏ࡋ࡚ಶయࡢືసᙳ㡪ࢆ ࢆ♧ࡍ್࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⮬㌟ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪 ཷࡅ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ಶయࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᴫࡡᑠࡉ࠸ࡇࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪ಶయࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡢཷࡅࡸࡍࡉࢆಶయ㛫 ࡲࡓ 8 ヨ⾜㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᘏ 16 ಶయ㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙༙ ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬4 ཧຍࡋࡓಶయ P ࡣ㸪15 ⛊㛫 ᩘࡢ 7 ಶయ࡛ࡣࡰ୍㈏ࡋ࡚೫┦㛵ಀᩘࡀ 0 ㏆㎶ ࡢヨ⾜୰ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢⅬ࡛ẚ㍑ⓗࡁࡃಶయ ࡢ್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣝ࢝ࡣ ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ༊㛫ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢࣝ࢝ࡢືసࢇᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ಶయ E ࡛ࡣཧຍࡋࡓ 5 ヨ⾜୰ 4 ヨ⾜࡛㸪ヨ⾜ࡢ๓ 1076 2015年度日本認知科学会第32回大会 OS13-7 ༙࠾࠸࡚ಶయࡽᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠺ [3] Yu, L., Tomonaga, M. (2015). Interactional ࡀࢃࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓヨ⾜ᚋ༙࡛ࡣࡢ࠾࠸࡚ synchrony in chimpanzees: Examination through a ࡶಶయࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࢇཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬୍ finger-tapping experiment. Scientific Reports, 5. ᪉㸪ಶయ T ࠾ࡼࡧ Q ࡣಶయࡢືసࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ [4] Connor, R. C., Smolker, R., & Bejder, L. (2006). ࡓࡣᑡ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪ಶయࡼࡗ Synchrony, social behaviour and alliance affiliation ࡚ಶయࡢືసࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡢཷࡅࡸࡍࡉࡀ␗࡞ࡿ in Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 aduncus. Animal Behaviour, 72(6), 1371-1378. [5] Jammalamadaka, S. R., & Sengupta, A. (2001). 5⪃ᐹ Topics in circular statistics (Vol. 5). World 㢌ࡢࣝ࢝ࡢ㤳ࡾືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࢆゅ Scientific. ᗘ⤫ィⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡼࡾ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪࿘ ᮇⓗ࡞ືసࡢ┦ᙳ㡪㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᡭἲࢆᥦ ࡋࡑࢀࡽࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 㤳ࡾືస࠾࠸࡚┦ᑐⓗ㧗࠸ࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣝ࢝ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠸⮬ᕫ ┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࡶ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ୍᪉ࡢࣝ࢝ࡣ ᪉ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ືࡁࡢࢱ࣑ࣥࢢࢆኚ ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ࣝ࢝࠾ࡅࡿ࿘ᮇⓗ ືసࡢࢩࣥࢡࣟࢽ࣮ࡣ㸪⮬ࡽᏳᐃࡋࡓ࿘ᮇ㐠ື ࢆ⾜࠸⥆ࡅࡿ⬟ຊ㸪ಶయࡢືࡁࢆ▱ぬࡋࡑࢀ ᛂࡌ࡚⮬ࡽࡢືసࢆኚࡉࡏࡿ⬟ຊࡢ୧᪉ࡀᚲ せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ಶయࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡢࡉࢀࡸࡍࡉ ࡣಶయᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ ྛಶయࡢ≉ᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ㸪ࣝ ࢝ྠኈࡢ♫ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡢ㐪࠸ࢆᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ 㸪᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ JSPS ⛉◊㈝ 19300091, 23220006, 15H05709, 25380989 ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ [1] McNeill, W. H. (1995). 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