┫㆜⛁Ꮥ◂✪ vol. 8, 1- 8 (2009) ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ㈠ᩩ ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืࡡࠔⱖࠕ⮤ṽ⋙࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ ⮤ṽ⋙ Suicide mortality related to͆patience caused by diseases͇and that related to͆difficulty in economic status and daily living͇in Oita prefecture ᒱ⏛ 㯖౪ Mai Okada ኬฦ┬❟┫㆜⛁ᏕኬᏕ ᑍ㛓┫㆜Ꮥㅦᗑ ⢥♼┫㆜Ꮥ Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences ᙫᒜ 㝧 Takayuki Kageyama ኬฦ┬❟┫㆜⛁ᏕኬᏕ ᑍ㛓┫㆜Ꮥㅦᗑ ⢥♼┫㆜Ꮥ Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences 2008 ᖳ 5 ᭮ 19 ᢖ✇ , 2008 ᖳ 11 ᭮ 12 ུ⌦ こ᪠ ᮇ࡚ࡢ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡿࡣࠉ⮤ṽࡡິᶭ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠔⱖࠕ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵኣ࠷ࠊິᶭ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᚪこ⮤ṽᑊ➿ ࡢ␏ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡິᶭ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡ㜭ࡡᵾⓏ㞗ᅆࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌࡾࡒࡴࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛ࢅ⏕࠷ࠉኬ ฦ┬ࡡࠔⱖࠕ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࢅịࡴࡒࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡೋࡢ 2001 ࠤ 2006 ᖳࡡ㛣࡛ࢆୌᏽ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ2006 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙㸝ெཾ 10 ࠵ࡒࡽ㸞ࡢ⏠ 13.8ࠉዥ 7.4 ࡚ࠉ㧏㱃⩽≁࡞⏠ᛮ 80 ṋ௧୕࡚㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠊධ⮤ ṽ࡞༥ࡴࡾྙࡢࠉ⏠ 70 ṋ௧୕࠽ࡻࡦዥ 50 ṋ௧୕࡚ 6 ࢅ㉰࠻ࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡ㞗ᅆࢅᵾⓏ࡞ࡊࡒಕ࣬༈⒢࣬⚗♬㟻࠾ࡼࡡ⮤ṽ ᑊ➿ᚪこ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊెᏋࡌࡾᢒ࠹ࡗ≟ࡷ㣟㒿ၡ㢗࡞ࡵ⏻ណࡌࡾᚪこ࠵ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ2006ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔ⤊ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢ⏠ 12.7ࠉዥ 1.1 ࡚ࠉ30 ࠤ 69 ṋ⏠ᛮ࡚㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠊධ⮤ṽ࡞ᑊࡌࡾྙࡢ 30 ࠤ 49 ṋࡡ⏠ᛮ࡚ 5 ࢅ ㉰࠻ࡒࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉࡆࡿࡼ഼ࡀ┊ࡽࡡ⏠ᛮࡡ⤊ῥⓏᨾῥࡵྱࡴࡒࢬ࣭ࣆࢷࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡡᵋ⠇ᚪこ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࠊ Abstract According to the statistics of the National Police Agency, Japan, the most frequent reason for suicide is diseases and the difficulty in economy and daily living. Strategies for suicide prevention may differ from a reason to a reason for suicide. The purpose of the present study was to determine the target population in which the above two reasons are most frequent. The suicide mortality for the two reasons was calculated, respectively, by gender and age groups, based on the Police Statistics and the Vital Statistics in Oita prefecture. The above suicide mortalities were almost constant in the period of 2001-2006. The suicide mortality for diseases in 2006 (per one hundred thousand person-year) was 13.8 in men and 7.4 in women, being high in the elderly persons, particularly men aged 80 or above. This kind of suicide was 60% or more in the men aged 70 or above and the women aged 50 or above. It is important to take comprehensive countermeasures in community health, medicine, and welfare, for the prevention of suicide for diseases among the above sub-population. Comorbidity with depressive symptoms or alcohol problems should be taken into consideration. The suicide mortality for difficulty in economy and daily living was 12.7 in men and 1.1 in women, being high among the men aged 30-69. This kind of suicide was 50% or more in the men aged 30-49. It is important to construct social safety network including the economic help for male workers in the above sub-population. ࣭࣭࢞࣠ࢺ ⮤ṽࠉṒஷ⋙ࠉᛮࠉᖳ㱃ࠉẴࠉ⤊ῥ Key words suicide, mortality, gender, age, disease, economy ྙᑊ➿ኬ⥐Ⓠ⾪ࡈࡿࡒ㸝http://www8.cao.go.jp/ 1. ┘Ⓩ ᮇ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡢᖲᠺ 10 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 19 ᖳࡱ ࡚㏻⤾ࡊ࡙ 3 ெࢅ㉰࠻࡙࠽ࡽࠉኬฦ┬࡚ࡵẎ ᖳ 300 ெ௧୕⮤ṽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ็ឺࢅ ུࡄ࡙ᖲᠺ 18 ᖳ࡞ࡢࠉᅗࢅᣪࡅ࡙⮤ṽᑊ➿ࢅ⥪ ྙⓏ࡞᥆㐅ࡌࡾࡒࡴࠉ⮤ṽᑊ➿ᇱᮇἪ᪃⾔ࡈ ࡿࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ᖲᠺ 19 ᖳ࡞ࡢࠉහ㛮ᗋ࠾ࡼ⮤ṽ⥪ jisatsutaisaku/index.html㸞ࠊྜྷࡋᖳ࠾ࡼཉ⏍ຘ഼ ┤ࡢࠉ㒌㐠ᗋ┬ࡷᨳ௦ᕰࡡ୯࠾ࡼࠔ࣓ࢸࣜ⮤మࠕ ࢅ㐽ᏽࡊࠉࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࡡཱིࡽ⤄ࡲ࠾ࡼ ᚋࡼࡿࡒᠺᯕࢅධᅗࡡ⮤మ࡚භ᭯ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾ ࠔᆀᇡ⮤ṽᑊ➿᥆㐅ᴏࠕ࡞ࡽฝࡊࡒࠊኬฦ┬ࡵ ࡐࡡ࣓ࢸࣜ⮤మ࡞㐽ࡣࡿࠉ3 ᖳ゛⏤࡚᩺ࡒ࡞≺ 1 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ⮤ࡡ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࡡ᥆㐅ࢅ㛜ጙࡊࡒࠊ ࡚ࡡຝᯕⓏ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ࡞࠵ࡒࡽࠉ⮤ṽࡡ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࢅ❟࡙ࡾᇱ♇࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉᆀᇡࡡ ⮤ṽ⤣゛ࡡ᳠ゞࡢ㔔こ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⮤ṽ⤣゛࡞ࡢ 2 ⛸ ິᶭ࡛ࡊ࡙ኬࡀྙࢅ༥ࡴࡾࠔⱖࠕ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࠉᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื࡞ࡲ 㢦࠵ࡾࠊୌࡗࡢཉ⏍ຘ഼┤ࡡெཾິឺ⤣゛࡚ࠉ㒌 ࡒ࡛ࡀ࡞ࠉࡡ㞗ᅆ࡞ኣ࠷࠾ࢅ▩ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ㔔こࡓ 㐠ᗋ┬ࡇ࡛ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡵሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡵ࠹ୌ ࡗࡢ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࠉ㒌㐠ᗋ┬㆑≺⮤࡞㞗゛ࡊࡒࡵ ࡛ゕ࠻ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊᚉᮮࠉཋᅄ࣬ິᶭืࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐ ࢅࠉᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื࡞㞗゛ࡊ࡙ප㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ┬㆑ ࡢᑛࡂ㸝➁ᓞ 2004㸞ࠉኬฦ┬㆑࡚ࡵࡆࡿࡱ࡚ ࡡࢅ㆑ᐳᖿࡱ࡛ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊධᅗⓏ࡞ࡲࡾ࡛ࠉெ ཾິឺ⤣゛ࡻࡽ㆑ᐳ⤣゛ࡡ࠹⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡢኣࡂ ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡚ ሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࡢࠉ1㸞 ࡢᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืࡡ⮤ṽࡡཋᅄ࣬ິᶭࢅප⾪ࡊ࡙ ࡢᮇெࡡࡲࢅ㞗゛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡢአ ᅗெࡡ⮤ṽࡵྱࡱࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡛ࠉ2㸞㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࡢࠉ ṒమⓆず௧ᚃࡡㄢᰕ➴࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⮤ṽ࡛ึ᪺ࡊࡒ ࡛ࡀࡢࠉࡐࡡⅤ࡚⮤ṽ࡛゛୕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉெཾ ິឺ⤣゛ࡢࠉ⮤ṽࠉṽࠉᨶࡡ࠷ࡍࡿ࠾᪺ ࡛ࡀࡢࠔ⮤ṽ௧አࠕ࡚ฌ⌦ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉṒஷタ᩷᭡ ࡡషᠺ⩽➴࠾ࡼゖḿࡡ࠷ሔྙࡢ⮤ṽ࡛ࡊ࡙゛୕ ࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉୌࡗࡡ㒌㐠ᗋ┬࡞ 㝀ࡖࡒ⤣゛࡚ゕ࠻ࡣࠉ3㸞㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࡢ┬හ࡚⮤ ࡚ࠔ㆑ᐳಕ᭯ࡌࡾ⮤ṽ⤣゛㈠ᩩ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ⮤ṽ ṽࡊࡒெࢅ㞗゛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠉெཾິឺ⤣゛࡚ࡢ┬ හ࡞ᑽపࡌࡾெ⮤ṽࡊࡒᩐࢅ㞗゛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ ࡵࠉ⮤ṽ⩽⥪ᩐࡡ㐢࠷ࡡ⌦⏜࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝http:// ࡊࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊ๑エࡡࡻ࠹࡞ࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࡢࠔኬฦ www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jinkou/tokusyu/ suicide04/index.html㸞ࠊ ࡻࡾ ࠔ┬Ằࡡ⮤ṽࠕࡡᵕ┞࡛Ẓ㍉ࡊࠉኬࡀᕣ␏ ࡆ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡿࡆࡡࡒࡦࠉ ࠔ⮤ṽ⥪ྙᑊ➿ኬ⥐ࠕ ࡡᐁឺゆ᪺ࡡࡒࡴㄢᰕ◂✪ࡡὩ⏕ࢅಀ㐅ࡌࡾࡆ ࡛ࠕ࡛᪺エࡈࡿࡒࡒࡴࠉ㆑ᐳ࠾ࡼ⮤ṽ⤣゛ሒࡡ ᥞ౩ࢅུࡄࡾࡆ࡛ᐖ᪾࡞ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡆ࡚ᮇ◂✪ ࡚ࡢࠉኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡛ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࢅ΅ࡼࡌࡒࡴࡡᑊ➿ࡡᵾⓏ㞗ᅆࢅ≁ᏽࡌ ࡾ┘Ⓩ࡚ࠉኬฦ┬㆑⏍ὩᏭධ௺⏤ㄚ࠾ࡼሒᥞ౩ ࢅུࡄࠉ┬හ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡛ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⋙ࢅịࡴࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ┬Ằࡡ⮤ṽࠕ࡚ࡢࡂࠔኬฦ┬හ࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡒ⮤ṽࠕ ࢅ㞗゛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉᚃ⩽ࢅெཾິឺ⤣゛࡞ ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡࠉങⓏ᳠ゞࡵ⾔ࡖࡒࠊ ࡈࡼ࡞ࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡢࠉ⮤ṽࡡཋᅄ࣬ິᶭื ࡡ㞗゛ࢅྱࡳ࡛࠷࠹≁ᚡ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛ࠉ ⮤ṽࡡཋᅄ࣬ິᶭ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢࠉࠔᗛၡ㢗ࠕࡷࠔ⤊ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡၡ㢗ࠕ᭩ࡵኣ࠷㸝http://www.npa.go.jp/ toukei/index.htm㸞ࠊኬฦ┬㆑ࡡሒ࿈࡚ࡵࠉࠔⱖࠕ 2. ㈠ᩩ࡛ゆᯊ᪁Ἢ 2. 1 ㈠ᩩ ெཾິឺ⤣゛㸝http://wwwdbtk.mhlw.go.jp/ IPPAN/ippan/scm_k_Ichiran㸞࠽ࡻࡦኬฦ┬ප⾏⾠ ⏍ᖳ㚯㸝http://www.pref.oita.jp/12000/toukei/㸞࠾ ࡼࠉධᅗ࠽ࡻࡦኬฦ┬ࡡᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 17 ᖳࡡධ⮤ṽ ⩽ᩐ࠽ࡻࡦᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࢅᚋࡒࠊ ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࠽ࡻࡦኬฦ┬㆑⤣゛࠾ࡼࡵࠉධᅗ࠽ࡻ ࡦኬฦ┬ࡡᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 18 ᖳࡡධ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐ࠽ࡻࡦᛮ࣬ ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࢅᚋࡒࠊኬฦ┬㆑⤣゛࡞ࡗ࠷ ࡙ࡢࠉⴥ⩽ࡼ┬㆑⏍ὩᏭධ௺⏤ㄚ࡞්㞗゛ࢅ౪ 㢏ࡊࠉᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡ⮤ṽࡡິᶭ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃 㝭⣥ืࡡౚᩐ㸝ᚉᮮࡢᮅප⾪㸞ࢅථᡥࡊࡒࠊ ⮤ṽ⋙ࡡ⟤ฝ࡞⏕࠷ࡒኬฦ┬ࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื ெཾࡢࠉᅗເㄢᰕᖳ㸝ᖲᠺ 17 ᖳ㸞ࡢᅗເㄢᰕெཾ ࢅ⏕࠷ࠉࡐࡿ௧አࡡᖳᗐ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢẎᖳ 10 ᭮ࡡ ெཾ᥆゛ೋ࠾ࡼ├㎾ࡡᅗເㄢᰕࡡᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืአᅗ ெெཾࢅᕣࡊᘤ࠷ࡒೋࢅ⏕࠷ࡒࠊ ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ࡛ࠉࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࢅྙࢂ ࡎࡾ࡛ࠉ⮤ṽ⩽ධమࡡ 6 ࢅ༥ࡴࡾࠊ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ ࡢ⮤ṽࡡິᶭࢅᢝୌᘟ࡚ฦ㢦ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴࠉࡐࡡ ⤎ᯕ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ໜᣋⓏ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࢅ᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ࡞ࡢ㝀⏲࠵ࡾ࡛ࡡណずࡵ࠵ࡾ㸝➁ᓞ 2004, ➁ᓞ 2005㸞 ࠉິᶭࡡฦ㢦ࡢᵕࠍሒ࡛↯ࡼ ࡊྙࢂࡎ࡙⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࢂ࠾ࡼ࠷ሔྙ࡞ࡢ ᪺࡛㞗゛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉౚࡇ࡛࡞ࡲࡿࡣᏰධ ࡞ḿ☔࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ࡢ࠷࠻ࡂ࡛ࡵࠉ⤣゛Ⓩ࡞ലྡྷࢅ ▩ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢ᭯⏕ࡓ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ ࡆࡆ࡚ࠉ⮤ṽࡢᵕࠍこᅄ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㉫ࡆࡾ㇗ ࡚࠵ࡽࠉ♣ఌࡡᵕࠍ⏍Ὡࡡሔ࡞࠽࠷࡙ୌḗ࣬ ḗ࣬ḗ㜭ࢅໜᣋⓏ࡞ᒈ㛜ࡌࡾᚪこ࠵ࡾ㸝ᙫ ᒜ 2006㸞ࠊࡊࡒࡖ࡙ౚ࠻ࡣࠉ୕エࡡࡻ࠹⮤ṽ ࡡິᶭ㸝⌦⏜㸞࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡵࠉ࡛ࡾࡀ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࡢ␏ ࡖ࡙ࡂࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾࡓࢀ࠹ࠊࡐࡆ࡚ࠉኬฦ┬ 2 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 2. 2 ゆᯊ ങⓏฦᯊ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㆑ᐳ⤣゛ ࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡᕣ␏ධᅗࡡലྡྷ࡛ ␏ࡾ࠾࠹࠾ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ ࡞ࡱࡍࠉධᅗ࡛ኬฦ┬ࡡࡐࡿࡑࡿ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 17 ᖳࡡᖳḗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾධ⮤ ṽ⩽ᩐ࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾධ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡẒࢅị ࡴࡒࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾ୦⩽ࡡᕣ␏ࠉᛮ࣬ ᖳ㱃㝭⣥࡞ࡻࡽ␏ࡾ࠾࠹࠾ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ ᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 17 ᖳࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡ⣴✒ ᩐࢅࠉ┬㆑⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛ࡡࡐࡿࡑࡿ࠾ࡼị ࡴࠉ୦⩽ࡡẒࢅ⟤ฝࡊࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࡢ ᖳ㱃 10 ṋ㝭⣥Ẏࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࢅ㞗゛ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽࠉ19 ṋ௧ୖ࠽ࡻࡦ 80 ṋ௧୕ࡢୌᣋࡊࡒᖳ㱃㝭⣥࡛ࡊ ࡙ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴࠉᮇ◂✪࡚ࡵᖳ㱃㝭⣥ࡢࡆࡿ ࡞ᚉࡖࡒࠊ ḗ࡞ࠉኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍ Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡡฦᯊࢅ⾔ࡖࡒࠊᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 18 ᖳࡡࡐࡿࡑࡿ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ࢅ⏠ዥื ࡞ịࡴࡒࠊࡈࡼ࡞ࠉᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡ┬㆑⤣゛࡞ᇱࡘࡀࠉ ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⋙ࢅịࡴࡒࠊࡒ ࡓࡊࠉெཾິឺ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡿࡣ 9 ṋ௧ୖࡡ⮤ṽࡢ㟸 ᖏ࡞ᑛ࠷ࡒࡴࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡚ 19 ṋ௧ୖࡡ⮤ṽ࡛ ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡢධ࡙ 10 ࠤ 19 ṋࡡ⮤ṽ࡛ࡲࡊࠉ ࡆࡡᩐ࡛ 10 ࠤ 19 ṋெཾ࠾ࡼ⮤ṽ⋙ࢅịࡴࡾࡆ࡛ ࡛ࡊࡒࠊ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢ┬㆑⤣゛ࡡ⮤ṽᩐࢅ⏕࠷ࠉධ࡙ ெཾ 10 ࠵ࡒࡽ࡚ịࡴࡒࠊ 3. ⤎ᯕ ධᅗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ ᩐࡡẒࡢࠉᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 17 ᖳࡡ㛣ࠉ1.06 ࠤ 1.07 ࡚᥆ ⛛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ㸝ᅒ 1㸞ࠊࡗࡱࡽ㆑ᐳ⤣゛ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡ ࠹ 6 ࠤ 7㸚ኣ࠾ࡖࡒࠊኬฦ┬࡚ࡢᖲᠺ 15 ᖳࡱ ࡚ࠉࡆࡡẒ 1.13 ࠤ 1.17 ࡛ධᅗࡻࡽ㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠉ ᖲᠺ 16 ᖳ௧㜾ࡢධᅗࡡỀ‵࡞㎾ࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 17 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬ࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⣴✒ ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࢅࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡚Ẓ㍉ࡌࡾ ࡛㸝ᅒ 2㸞ࠉ୦⩽ࡡẒࡢ 19 ṋᮅࡢ࡚㸦࠾ࡼኬࡀࡂ ࡓࡒࡖ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡱࡒࠉ70 ṋ௧୕࡚ࡢ୦⩽ࡡẒ ᅒ 2. ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾኬฦ┬ࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃 㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⩽ᩐ 㸝ᖲᠺ 13~17 ᖳࡡ⣴゛㸞ࡡẒ ᅒ 1. ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐ࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ ṽ⩽ᩐࡡẒࡡ᥆⛛ ᅒ 4. ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ࠔⱖࠕ࠽ࡻࡦ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻ ࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡡ᥆⛛ ᅒ 3. ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡཋᅄ࣬ິᶭื⮤ṽྙ 3 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ⾪ 1. ᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืࡡධ⮤ṽ ⋙ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ ⏠ᛮ 30 ࠤ 69 ṋ࡚≁࡞㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠊධ⮤ṽ࡞༥ࡴࡾ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡྙࡢࠉ30 ࠤ 49 ṋ ࡡ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 4 ࢅ㉰࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊዥᛮ࡚ࡢ⏠ᛮ࡞Ẓ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡢᑛ࠷ࠉ60 ࠤ ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ 1) 1) 2) 1) 2) 019 8.1 1.6 20.0 0.0 0.0 2029 44.7 8.3 18.5 1.7 3.7 3039 44.3 4.2 9.4 19.4 43.8 4049 57.4 18.1 31.6 25.7 44.7 5059 79.7 19.4 24.3 28.0 35.1 6069 57.6 20.1 35.0 15.8 27.5 7079 31.6 18.3 57.9 1.7 5.3 80 73.9 51.8 70.0 7.4 10.0 0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2029 11.6 3.3 28.6 0.0 0.0 3039 14.5 5.3 36.4 0.0 0.0 4049 11.2 1.4 12.5 2.8 25.0 5059 12.2 8.2 66.7 0.0 0.0 6069 16.0 8.6 53.8 4.9 30.8 7079 16.4 12.6 76.9 0.0 0.0 80 35.1 26.3 75.0 1.8 5.0 69 ṋ࡚ࡢධ⮤ṽࡡ࠹ࡔ⣑ 3 ࢅ༥ࡴࠉ⮤ṽ⋙ࡵࢂ ࡍ࠾࡞㧏ࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ 4. ⩻ᐳ 1) 10 2) ࡷࡷᑚࡈࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ≁࡞ 70 ṋ௧୕⏠ᛮ࡚ ࡢ 1 ᮅࠊࡒ࠷࡙ࡖ࡛ ᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠉ⮤ṽࡡິᶭืࡡ හズࢅᅒ㸨࡞♟ࡌࠊ⏠ዥ࡛ࡵࠔⱖࠕ᭩ࡵኣࡂࠉ ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢධమࡡ 31 㸚ࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢ 56 㸚ࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ ࡒࠊ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ 28㸚࡛ࠔⱖࠕ࡞ ḗ࠷࡚ኣࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡒࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢࢂࡍ࠾ 8㸚࡚ ࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ ᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 18 ᖳࡡࠉ⏠ዥืࠔⱖࠕ ⮤ṽ⋙㸝ධᖳ㱃㸞ࡡ᥆⛛ࢅᅒ 4 ࡞♟ࡌࠊ⏠ዥ࡛ࡵ࡞ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙࡞ኬࡀን ິࡢ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ ṽ⋙㸝ெཾ 10 ࠵ࡒࡽ㸞ࡢࠉධᖳ㱃㝭⣥࡚ࡲࡾ࡛ࠉ ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 13.8ࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢ 7.4 ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊྜྷࡋࡂࠔ⤊ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 12.7ࠉዥ ᛮ࡚ࡢ 1.1 ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืࡡධ⮤ṽ⋙ࠉࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ ⋙ࠉ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࢅࠉ⾪ 1 ࡛ᅒ 5 ࡞♟ࡌࠊ⾪ 1 ࡞ࡢྙࢂࡎ࡙ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕ ࠽ࡻࡦࠔ⤊ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽධ⮤ṽ࡞༥ࡴࡾྙࡵ ♟ࡌࠊࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢ㧏㱃࡞ࡾ㧏ࡂࠉ ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 80 ṋ௧୕࡚≁࡞㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠊධ⮤ṽ࡞༥ ࡴࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡྙࡢࠉ70 ṋ௧୕ࡡ⏠ ᛮ࠽ࡻࡦ 50 ṋ௧୕ࡡዥᛮ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࠉ࠷ࡍࡿࡵ 5 ࢅ㉰࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢ 4 4. 1 ኬฦ┬࡛ධᅗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛ ࡡẒ㍉ ๑エࡡࡻ࠹࡞㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࡚ࡢࠉ㞗 ゛ࡈࡿࡒ⮤ṽ⩽⥪ᩐ࡞ᕣ࠵ࡾࠊኬฦ┬࡚ࡢᖲ ᠺ 16 ᖳ௧㜾ࠉ୕エࡡ⌦⏜࡞ࡻࡾ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡛ெཾ ິឺ⤣゛ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡࡍࡿࠉධᅗ࡛ྜྷୌỀ‵࡞ ࠊࡒࡓࡊࠉᛮ࣬ᖳ ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛☔࠾ࡴࡼࡿࡒ㸝ᅒ 1㸞 㱃㝭⣥ื࡞リࡊࡂࡲࡒሔྙ㸝ᅒ 2㸞ࠉ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐᑛ ࠷ 19 ṋ௧ୖ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉࡗࡡ⤣゛ࡡࡍࡿࠉ ↋ち࡚ࡀ࠷ኬࡀᙫ㡢ࢅ⏍ࡳྊ⬗ᛮ♟ြࡈ ࡿࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉ20 ࠤ 69 ṋ࡚ࡢࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࠾ࡼịࡴ ࡒ⮤ṽ⋙ெཾິឺ⤣゛࠾ࡼịࡴࡒೋࡻࡽࡵ 8 ࠤ 15㸚ኬࡀೋ࡞ࡾࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࠊୌ᪁ࠉ㧏㱃 ⏠ᛮ࡚㆑ᐳ⤣゛ࡡ࠹⮤ṽ⩽ᩐᑛ࠾ࡖࡒ⌦ ⏜ࡢࠉ๑エࡡ 3㸞ࡗࡱࡽࠉ┬አ࡚⮤ṽࡊࡒெ㆑ ᐳ⤣゛࡚ࡢ゛୕ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࡒࡴ࡛ࡊ࠾⩻࠻ࡼࡿ ࠷ࠉリ⣵ࡢ᪺࡚࠵ࡾࠊ᮶ா㒌࡚ࡡཿ࠷◂✪ ࠉ㧏㱃⩽ࡡ⮤ṽࡡ 1 ㎾ࡂࡢ ࡚ࡢ㸝୕㔕 1981㸞 㝌හ࡚Ⓠ⏍ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛ሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴࠉኬ ฦ┬࡚ࡵ┬හᅹప⩽┬አථ㝌࡚⮤ṽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ ྊ⬗ᛮࡢ⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠉᮇ◂✪࠾ࡼ☔࠾ࡆ࡛ࡢ ゕ࠻࠷ࠊ⏠ᛮࡢዥᛮ࡞Ẓࠉᑽపᆀ࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿࡒ ࡛ࡆࢀࡱ࡚ࢂࡉࢂࡉฝ࠾ࡄ࡙⮤ṽࡌࡾሔྙኣ࠷ ࡛࠷࠹ྊ⬗ᛮࡵྫྷᏽ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠊ┬࡚ྜྷᵕࡡฦᯊ ࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙Ẓ㍉ࡌࡿࡣࠉࡵ࠹ᑛࡊリࡊ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ ࡾ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊ ࠷ࡍࡿ࡞ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉᅂฦᯊࡊࡒ⠂ᅑ࡚ࡢࠉ┬㆑ ⤣゛࡛ெཾິឺ⤣゛࠾ࡼࡲࡒ┬හࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡࡍ ࡿࡢࠉ20 ṋ௧୕ࡡ⏠ዥ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢࠉࡈኬࡀ ࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷ࡆ࡛☔࠾ࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊ ࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ 4. 2 ኬฦ┬ࡡ ኬฦ┬ࡡ ࠔⱖࠕ ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢࠉ⏠ዥ࡛ࡵᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 18 ᖳࡡ㛣ୌᏽ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸝ᅒ 4㸞ࠊᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬ࡡධ⮤ṽ࡞ᑊࡌࡾࠔⱖࠕ⮤ṽࡡྙ ࠊ ࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 31㸚ࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢ 56㸚࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸝ᅒ 3㸞 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ᅒ 5. ᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ืࡡධ⮤ṽ⋙࡛ ࠔⱖࠕ ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡡẒ㍉ ࡆࡿࢅ┬ࡡ◂✪࡛Ẓ㍉ࡌࡾ࡛ࠉᾇ㐠㸝1983 ࠤ 86 ᖳ㸞ࠉ㔔┬㸝1996 ࠤ 2002 ᖳ㸞ࠉ⚗ᓞ┬㸝1999 ࠤ 2004 ᖳ㸞ࡻࡽࡵኬฦ┬ࡡ࠹ධ⮤ṽ࡞༥ࡴࡾ ⱖ⮤ṽࡡྙࡢ㧏࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ࡲ࠻ࡾ㸝ྚ⏛ 1988, Inoue et al 2006, 㜷㒂 2007㸞ࠊኬฦ┬ࡡࠔⱖࠕ ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 70 ṋ௧୕࡚ெཾ 10 ᑊ 44.7 ࡛㧏࠷ೋࢅ♟ࡊࠉ࠾ࡗධ⮤ṽࡡ⣑ 3 ฦࡡ 2 ࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ࡒ㸝ᅒ 5㸞 ࠊୌ᪁ࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢ 50 ṋ௧୕࡚ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡྙኣࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ㸝ᅒ 5㸞ࠊ ࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᖳ㱃㧏࠷ⱖ⮤ṽࡡྙࡵኬࡀ ࠷࡛࠷࠹⌟㇗ࡢࠉ┬࡚ࡡሒ࿈࡛ୌ⮬ࡌࡾࠊ ⤣゛㈠ᩩ࠾ࡼࠔⱖࠕ ࡡリ⣵ࢅ▩ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ ࠷ࠉ⾔◂✪࡚ࡢḗࡡࡻ࠹࡞⩻ᐳࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ 㸝Mackenzie and Popkin 1987, けᮟ࣬ᇷᕖ 2003㸞ࠊ ⮤ṽౚࡡ 1 ࠤ 5 ࡞ࡢ㌗మ⑄ᝀ㔔こᙫ㡢ࢅ ࠻࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡡᙫ㡢ࡢᑛࡂ࡛ࡵḗࡡࡗ࡞༇ื ࡚ࡀࡾ ; 1㸞㌗మ⑄ᝀ㟸ჹ㈹ᛮࡡ⢥♼㝸ᐐ㸝ኬ࠹ ࡗ㸞ࢅᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡊࡒࡽࠉቌᝇࡈࡎࡒࡽࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ⮤ṽ⏍ࡋࡾሔྙ ; 2㸞㌗మ⑄ᝀ⮤మ࠵ࡾ ࠷ࡢࡐࡡ⒢ࡡష⏕ჹ㈹ᛮ㸝አᅄᛮ㸞⢥♼㝸ᐐ ࢅ⏍ࡋࠉ⮤ṽ࡞ࡗࡾሔྙ㸝ࢪࢷࣞࢺ࡞ࡻࡾ ḗⓏ࠹ࡗ㸞; 3㸞⢥♼㝸ᐐࡡ㛭ࡊ࡞㌗ మ⑄ᝀࡐࡡࡵࡡ⮤ṽࡡິᶭ࡞ࡾሔྙ㸝ౚ࠻ࡣ 5 ࢆᝀ⩽Ꮥ⒢Ἢࢅᢼྫྷࡌࡾࠉ㏩ᯊᝀ⩽㏩ᯊ ࢅᢼྫྷࡌࡾࠉᝀ⩽⒢ࢅུࡄࡾࡆ࡛ࢅㅁࡴ ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹㸞ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉᩐ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ 1㸞࡞ࡻࡾ࠹ࡗ ࡛ࣜࢤ࣭ࣜᛮ㝸ᐐ᭩ࡵኣ࠷࡛᥆ῼࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᮇ࡚ࡵࠉ㧏㱃⩽ࡡ⮤ṽ࡞ࡢ࠹ࡗ㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾࡆ࡛ኣࡂࠉ㌗మⓏ㝸ᐐ⮤ṽࡡິᶭ࡛ࡲ࠻ࡾ ሔྙ࡚ࡵࠉࡐࡿ࡞ࡻࡾᢒ࠹ࡗཬᚺ⮤ṽࡡこᅄ࡛ ࡊ࡙㔔こࡓ࡛ᣞᦤࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸝୕㔕 1981, ಕᆊ 2003, ኬሪ 2006㸞ࠉࡆࡿࡢ୕エ 1㸞ࡡሔྙ࡞ラᙔ ࡌࡾࠊ ࡈࡼ࡞ࠉᐋᇖ┬ࡡ㧏㱃⩽ࢅᑊ㇗࡞ࡊࡒ◂✪㸝⢎ ⏛ 2005㸞࡚ࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ㌗మⓏᶭ⬗㝸ᐐࡱࡒࡢ㢟 ⴥ⑂ࠉ㣟㒿ၡ㢗ࠉᢒ࠹ࡗ≟ 1 ᖳᚃࡡ⮤ṽ ᛍ៎ࡡῼᅄᏄ࡚࠵ࡽࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢᢒ࠹ࡗ≟ࡡ ࡲ 1 ᖳᚃࡡ⮤ṽᛍ៎ࡡῼᅄᏄ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࠊ ࡗࡱࡽࠉዥᛮࡡሔྙ࡞ࡢࠉ⑄ᝀࡡ㔔⠔ᛮࡐࡡࡵࡡ ࡡၡ㢗ࡻࡽࡵࠉⱖᢒ࠹ࡗ≟࡞ࡻࡽ⤧᭻Ⓩ ࡵࡡ࡛វࡋࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⮤ṽࣛࢪࢠ࡞ࡗ ࡾࡡ࡞ᑊࡊࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢࠉ㌗మᶭ⬗㝸ᐐࡷ㢟ⴥ ⑂ࠉᢒ࠹ࡗ≟ࢅ௯ࡎࡍ࡞├⮤ṽࣛࢪࢠ ࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾሔྙࡵ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛♟ြࡈࡿࡾࠊࡆࡡࡒ ࡴࠉ⢎⏛ࡢࠉᢒ࠹ࡗ≟࡞ࡡࡲ↯‵ࢅྙࢂࡎࡒ ථ࣓ࢸ࡚ࣜࡢࠉᢒ࠹ࡗ≟┘❟ࡒ࠷⏠ᛮࡡࣀ ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ࣛࢪࢠ㧏㱃⩽ず㏠ࡈࡿࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ ࡞㝀ࡼࡍࠉධ࡙ࡡ༈⒢㛭౿⩽⢥♼⑄ᝀ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ ㌗మⓏᗛၡ㢗ࢅち㔕࡞ථࡿࡒ⮤ṽᑊ➿㔔こࡓ ࡛ᘿࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ୌ᪁ࠉMackenzie and Popkin㸝1987㸞ࡢリࡊࡂ ▩ㆉࢅᣚࡔࠉ࠹ࡗ≟ࢅず㐛ࡇࡌࡆ࡛ࡂࠉ㌗మ ㄵࡋ࡙࠷࠷ࠉᑛࡂ࡛ࡵᮇ࡚ࡢࠉ┫㆜࣬ ㆜ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡡࠔࡌࡱࡈࠕࡷࠉ⤊ῥⓏ⌦⏜ࡷࢦ࣭ ࠷ࠊ ࣄࢪᥞ౩㈠″ࡡᑛࡈࡡࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ༈⒢ࡷ㆜ࢅུ ࡄ࡞ࡂ࠷⌟ᐁ࡞ࡻࡾᏭࠉ⤧᭻ࡵࠉ๑エ 1) ࡡᕵ ⚗♬ࡡࢼ࣭ࢫ࡛ᢒ࠹ࡗ≟࡛ࡡ㛭㏻ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕ Ṓᛍ៎ࢅᙁࡴ࡙࠷ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ࡾࠊᐁ㝷ࠉᾇ㐠 ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ 4. 3 ኬฦ┬ࡡ ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢࠉ ⏠ዥ࡛ࡵᖲᠺ 13 ࠤ 18 ᖳࡡ㛣ୌᏽ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸝ᅒ 4㸞ࠊࡱࡒࠉධ⮤ṽ࡞ᑊࡌࡾࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ⮤ṽ ࡡྙࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢධ⮤ṽࡡ⣑ 28 㸚ࢅ༥ࡴࠉ≁ ࡞ 30 ࠤ 49 ṋ࡚ࡢධ⮤ṽࡡ⣑༖ᩐࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ࡒ㸝ᅒ 5㸞ࠊୌ᪁ࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ⮤ మᑛ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ኅᖳࡡ഼ࡀ┊ࡽୠࡢࠉᐓ᪐ࢅ㣬࠹୯ᚨⓏᏋ ᅹ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ྜྷ࡞ࠉ⫃ሔ࡚ࡢ㈈௴࠵ࡾࢅ௴ࡈ ࡿࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ୠἛ࡞├㟻ࡌ ࡾ࡛ࠉ 㸝1㸞ᐓ᪐ࡡ⏍ὩỀ‵⥌ᣚ࡞ᑊࡌࡾᏭ࡛ᐓ 㸝3㸞ࣛ ᪐࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⨝ណㆉࠉ㸝2㸞ࣛࢪࢹࣚࡡᏭࠉ ࢪࢹࣚࡌࡾഁ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡⱖᝆࠉ㸝4㸞ெဤᩒ⌦ᚃࡡ㐛 ࣬♣ఌ࣬ᨳ࡞ᑊ ຘࠉ 㸝5㸞ఌ♣㸝୕ྒྷࠉ⤄⧂⮤మ㸞 ࡌࡾ࡛ᛛࡽࠉ㸝6㸞ೇ㔘㏁ῥ࡞㏛ࢂࡿࡾⱖࡊࡲ ࡷ⤧᭻វࠉࡡᏭࡷⱖᝆ࡞ࡈࡼࡈࡿࠉࡐࡿ ࠹ࡗ࠷ࡊᢒ࠹ࡗ≟ឺࢅᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡌࡒࡴ⮤ṽ ኣࡂࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ᘿ 2003㸞ࠊࡊࡒࡖ ࡙ࠉኅᖳࡡ⏠ᛮࡡ⮤ṽᑊ➿࡚ࡢࠉ࠷ࢂࡹࡾ ࠔ࠹ࡗࠕ ᑊ➿ࡓࡄ࡚ࡂࠉ⤊ῥⓏᨾῥࡵ⩻៎ࡊ࡙ࠉ♣ఌ ධమ࡚ᨥ࠻࡙࠷ࡂࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡᵋ⠇ᚪこ࡛࠷࠻ࡾࠊ ౚ࠻ࡣࠉ⨶ᕰᙲᡜ࡚ࡢࠉᕰẰ⏍Ὡㄚ୯ᚨ࡛ ࡖ࡙ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࢅᵋ⠇ࡊࠉኣ㔔ബຸ⩽➴ࡡప Ằࡡ⏍Ὡ්ᘋ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ 㸝http://www.lifelink. or.jp/Library/amami.pdf㸞ࠊࡱࡒࠉ㈠ງࡡஇࡊ࠷ெ ἪⓏࢹࣚࣇࣜ࡞ฝఌࡖࡒ࡛ࡀ࡞ࠉ↋ᩩἪᚂ┞ㄧ ࢅ⾔࠷ࠉᚪこሔྙࠉἪᚂࡡᑍ㛓ᐓࢅ⣺ࡊࠉ ึ㈕⏕ࡷᘒ㆜ኃࡱࡒࡢྒྷἪ᭡ኃࡡ㈕⏕ࡡ❟࡙᭨࠻ ࢅ⾔࠹ࠉẰἪᚂຐ࡛࠷࠹โᗐࡵ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡱ ࡚ࡆࡡᴏຸࡢࠉ㸝㈀㸞 Ἢᚂຐ༝ఌᐁ᪃ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒ ࠉ2006 ᖳ 10 ᭮ࡻࡽࠉᮇྒྷἪᨥᥴࢬࣤࢰ࣭㸝Ἢ ࢷࣚࢪ㸞ᘤࡀ⤽࠷࡚࠷ࡾ㸝http://www.houterasu. or.jp/index.html㸞ࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᕰẰ⏍ὩࡡᨥᥴὩິ ࡛ᆀᇡ⢥♼ಕ⚗♬Ὡິ࡛ࡡ㏻ᦘࢅᙁࡴࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ ⑄ᝀ࡛ెࡎ࡙⢥♼㟻ࡡࢢࡵ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡿࡣࠉ ⮤ṽࢅࡈࡼ࡞΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ ࡛ࡽ࠵࠻ࡍࠉ ୕エࡡ㞗ᅆ࡞Ἰ┘ࡊ࡙ࠉಕ࣬༈⒢࣬ ࡡᐁឺࢅリࡊࡂ᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ࡛ᚃᚪこ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ࡚ࡢࠉᗃᩐᑛࡂࠉུタࡡࡒࡴࡡ⛛ິ㊝㞫 㛏࠷ᆀᇡࠉࡗࡱࡽࠉࠔ㝌➴࡞࠾࠾ࡽ࡞ࡂ࠷ࠕᆀᇡ ࠉࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ㧏㱃⩽ࡡ⮤ṽኣ࠷ࡆ࡛ሒ ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ྚ⏛ 1988㸞ࠊࡱࡒࠉ᮶ா࡛ᒜᙟ ࠔⱖࠕ⮤ ┬ࡡẒ㍉◂✪࡞ࡻࡾ࡛㸝ᒜᓧ 2006㸞ࠉ ṽࡡ༥ࡴࡾྙࡢࠉᒜᙟ┬᮶ா㒌༇㒂࡞Ẓ㍉ࡊ ࡙ⴥ᪺࡞㧏࠷ࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉ㧏㱃⩽ெཾࡡẒ⋙ࠉ㝌 ᩐࡷ༈ᖅᩐࡡ༈⒢㈠″ࠉࡈࡼ࡞⬳⾉⟮㝸ᐐ ࡡះᛮ࡞ఔ࠹㆜ၡ㢗࡞ᆀᇡᕣ⏍ࡋ࡙ ࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࡆ࡛࠾ࡼࠉ ⩹ெࢅᢒ࠹ࡗ࡞㏛࠷㎰ࡳ♣ఌⓏこᅄࠉౚ࠻ࡣ㐲ḿ ༈⒢ࡷᐓ᪐ᥴຐࢅྱࡴࡒᗀ⠂ಕ༈⒢మ โࡡങ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙Ἰ┘ࡌࡾᚪこࠉᣞᦤࡈࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾ㸝ྚ⃕ 1979㸞ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ᚪこኣ࠷ᆀᇡࡢኬ ฦ┬හ࡞ࡵᑛࡂ࠷࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ ௧୕ࡡࡆ࡛ࢅ⩻࠻ྙࢂࡎࡾ࡛ࠉኬฦ┬ࡡࠔⱖࠕ ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉ≁࡞ 70 ṋ௧ ୕ࡡ⏠ᛮ࡛ 50 ṋ௧୕ࡡዥᛮࢅᵾⓏ࡞ࡊ࡙ࠉరࡼ ࠾ࡡಕ࣬༈⒢࣬⚗♬Ⓩᑊ➿ࢅㅦࡋࡾࡆ࡛ຝ ᯕⓏࡓ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊౚ࠻ࡣࠉపẰฺ⏕ࡊࡷࡌ࠷ ༈⒢ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪ࣬⚗♬ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡡᆀᇡᕣࢅゆᾐࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㌗మ⑄ᝀ࡛භᏋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ㧏࠷ ࠔ࠹ ࡗ≟ឺࠕࡡ᪡Ⓠず࣬᪡ᥴຐ࡚ࡀࡾࢨࢪࢷ࣑ ࡡᩒങࠉࡐࡡࡒࡴ࡞ᆀᇡࡡಕ࣬༈⒢࣬⚗♬ᶭ㛭 ࡷẰ⏍ጟဤࡡᆀᇡ⤄⧂࣬࣍ࣚࣤࢷ㏻ᦘ ࢅ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ᙁࡴࡾࡆ࡛ࠉ㔔こ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊ ౚ࠻ࡣࠉ᩺₪┬ᮿᒜ⏣࡚ࡢࠉᆀᇡࡡಕᖅ୯ ᚨ࡛ࡽࠉ65 ṋ௧୕ࡡධపẰ࡞ᑊࡊ࠹ࡗࡡࢪ ࢠ࣭ࣛࢼࣤࢡࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡿ࡞ࡻࡽ⮤ṽ⋙ ୖࡊࡒ࡛࠷࠹ᐁ⦴࠵ࡾ㸝㧏ᶣ 1998㸡ኬ㔕 2004㸞ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹┬࡚ࡡ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࡵཤ⩻࡞ ࡊࡼࠉኬฦ┬ࡡᐁ࡞᭩ࡵ㐲ࡊࡒᑊ➿ࢅ⩻࠻ ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛ᚃࡡㄚ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉථ㝌ᝀ ⩽ࡡ୯࡞ࡵࠉ࠹ࡗ≟࠵ࡖࡒࡽࠉᕵṒᛍ៎ࢅᢢ ࠻࡙࠷ࡾᝀ⩽࠷ࡒࡽࡌࡾ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊ⢥♼⛁ 6 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ㅨ㎙ ᚃࡡㄚ㢗ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ 4. 4 ࠽ࢂࡽ࡞ ࠔ⮤ṽ⥪ྙᑊ➿ኬ⥐ࠕ࡚ࡢࠉᖲᠺ 28 ᖳࡱ࡚࡞ᖲ ᠺ 17 ᖳࡡ⮤ṽṒஷ⋙ࢅ 20㸚௧୕΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾ࡛࠷ ࠹┘ᵾࢅᥥࡅ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᖲᠺ 18 ᖳࡡ┬㆑⤣゛࡞ᇱ ࡘࡄࡣࠉࡵࡊኬฦ┬࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠉࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ ᭩ࡵኣ࠷ 70 ṋ௧୕⏠ᛮ࡛ 50 ṋ௧୕ዥᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷ ࡙ࠉ ࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࢅ༖ฦ࡞΅ࡼࡎࡒሔྙࠉ33 ெࡡ⮤ṽ΅ᑛࡌࡾࠊྜྷᵕ࡞ࠉࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ ࠔ⤊ ࡻࡾ⮤ṽ᭩ࡵኣ࠷ 30 ࠤ 69 ṋ⏠ᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࢅ༖ฦ࡞΅ࡼࡎࡒሔྙࠉ 34 ெࡡ⮤ṽࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࢅྙࢂࡎ ࡾ࡛ࠉධ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᩐࡡ 2 ࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ࡽࠉ⤎ᯕⓏ࡞⮤ṽ⥪ྙᑊ➿ኬ⥐ࡡᩐೋ┘ᵾࢅ㐡 ᠺ࡚ࡀࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊࡵࡖ࡛ࡵࠉࡆࡿࡢᮐ୕ࡡ゛ ⟤࡚࠵ࡖ࡙ࠉ⌟ᐁ࡞ࡢ⠾༟ࡆ࡛࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ ࠷ࡍࡿ࡞ࡊ࡙ࡵࠉᅂࡡ᳠ゞࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙ࠉ㆑ᐳ⤣ ゛࡞ᇱࡘࡂ⮤ṽິᶭࡡฦᯊࠉ⮤ṽࡡ⫴ᬊࡷᵾⓏ 㞗ᅆࢅ⩻࠻ࡒኣぽⓏᑊ➿ࢅ❟࡙ࡾ୕࡚ᡥ࠾ࡽ ࢅ࠻࡙ࡂࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࠊᖲᠺ 19 ᖳᗐ࠾ ࡼࡢ⮤ṽິᶭࡡฦ㢦᪁Ἢᨭゖࡈࡿࡾࡡ࡚ࠉࡆࡿ ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡖࡐ࠹リࡊ࠷ฦᯊࢅࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠉḗ ࡡㄚ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࠈᮇ◂✪࡞࠵ࡒࡽࠉࡇ༝ງࡂࡓࡈࡖࡒኬฦ┬㆑⏍ὩᏭධ ௺⏤ㄚ࡞ཉࡂᚒ♡⏞ࡊ୕ࡅࡱࡌࠊ ᘤ⏕ᩝ⊡ 㜷㒂ࡌࡲᏄ , ຊ⸠⳧✉ , 㡪⸠⨶Ꮔ (2007). ⚗ ᓞ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⮤ṽࡡᐁឺѸᖲᠺ 11 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 16 ᖳ࡞ ⚗ᓞ┬හ࡚Ⓠずࡈࡿࡒ⮤ṽ⩽ࡡ⤣゛Ѹ . ⚗ᓞ༈Ꮥ 㞟ヽ 57, 17-26. ⢎⏛ୌ (2005). ᆀᇡᅹప㧏㱃⩽ࡡ⮤ṽᛍ៎࡞㛭 ࡌࡾ 1 ᖳ㛣ࡡ๑ྡྷࡀࢤ࣭࣌ࢹ◂✪ . ᮶༈ヽ 117, 94-96. ᘿ㈴ᚠ (2003). ኅᖳࡡ⮤ṽ㸣ᵵཾ㍜ᙢ ( ⥽ ), ⮤ ṽ௺ᅒࡐࡡ⌦࡛㜭࣬⟮⌦ , pp34-47. Ễ᭡ᗉ , ᮶ா . ಕᆊ㝧 (2003). ୌ⯙Ჯ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᕵṒᛍ៎࣬⮤ṽ ௺ᅒ . ᵵཾ㍜ᙢ ( ⥽ ), ⮤ṽ௺ᅒࡐࡡ⌦࡛㜭࣬ ⟮⌦ , pp82-89. Ễ᭡ᗉ , ᮶ா . Inoue K, Tanii H, Abe S et al (2006). Causative factors as cues for addressing the rapid increase in suicide in Mie Prefecture, Japan: Comparison of trends between 1996-2002 and 1989-1995. Psychiatry Clin Neurosciences 60, 736-745. 5. ࡱ࡛ࡴ ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡛ࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ ⮤ṽࡡᛮ࣬ᖳ㱃㝭⣥ื⮤ṽ⋙ࢅịࡴࡒ⤎ᯕࠉḗࡡ ࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ1㸞ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ ⮤ṽ⋙ࡢࠉዥᛮ࡚ࡢ 50 ṋ௧୕࡚ࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 70 ṋ ௧୕࡚ࠉ≁࡞㧏࠾ࡖࡒࠊኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎ ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉࡆࡿࡼࡡ㞗ᅆࢅᵾⓏ࡞ࡊ࡙ࠉᢒ࠹ࡗ ≟ࡡ᪡Ⓠず࣬ᑊᚺࢅྱࡳࠉరࡼ࠾ࡡಕ࣬༈ ⒢࣬⚗♬Ⓩᑊ➿ࢅㅦࡋࡾࡆ࡛㔔こࡓ࡛᥆ῼࡈ ࡿࡒࠊ2㸞ኬฦ┬࡞࠽ࡄࡾࠔ⤊ῥ࣬⏍Ὡⱖࠕ࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ ṽ⋙ࡢࠉ⏠ᛮ࡚ࡢ 30 ࠤ 69 ṋ࡚≁࡞㧏ࡂࠉ30 ࠤ 49 ṋ࡚ࡢධ⮤ṽࡡ 5 ௧୕ࢅ༥ࡴࡒࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡ⏠ᛮ ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⮤ṽᑊ➿࡚ࡢࠉ࠷ࢂࡹࡾࠔ࠹ࡗࠕ ᑊ➿ࡓࡄ ࡚ࡂࠉ⤊ῥⓏᨾῥࡵ⩻៎ࡊ࡙ࠉ♣ఌධమ࡚ᨥ ࠻࡙࠷ࡂࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡᵋ⠇ᚪこ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࠊ3㸞 ㆑ᐳ⤣゛࡞ࡻࡾ⮤ṽࡡິᶭ࣬ཋᅄืฦ㢦ࡢࠉ᭯ຝ ⮤ṽᑊ➿ࢅ᳠ゞࡌࡾ୕࡚᭯⏕ሒࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࡡ࡚ࠉᚃ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ࡡὩ⏕ᚪこ ࡓ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡒࠊ ᙫᒜ㝧 (2006). ᮇ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⮤ṽࡡ⌟≟࡛㜭 . ಕࡡ⛁Ꮥ 48, 129-134. Mackenzie TB and Popkin MK (1987). Suicide in the medical patient. Int J Psychiatry Med 17, 3-22. けᮟົ , ᇷᕖ├ྍ (2003). ㌗మ⑄ᝀິᶭ࡛ ࡾ⮤ṽ . ᵵཾ㍜ᙢ ( ⥽ ), ⮤ṽ௺ᅒࡐࡡ⌦࡛㜭࣬ ⟮⌦ , pp134-143. Ễ᭡ᗉ , ᮶ா . ኬ㔕 , ᆊᮇ┷ኃ , ⏛୯Ờ㔓Ꮔ (2004). ᆀᇡ࡞࠽ࡄ ࡾ⮤ṽ㜭Ḿᑊ➿ . ⮣ᗃ⢥♼༈Ꮥ 33, 1561-1564. ኬሪ⪌ኯ㑳 , 㒿᪺ኰ , ᬓ⏛ᩝᚠ (2006). 㧏㱃 ⩽ࡡᏓ≺࡛⮤ṽ . Depression Frontier 4, 28-33. 㧏ᶣ㑝᪺ , හ⸠᪺ᙢ , ⏛᪸Ᏻ (1998). ᩺₪┬ ᮶㢍ᇖ㑾ᮿᒜ⏣࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⩹ெ⮤ṽ㜭Ὡິ࣬⩹ ᖳ࠹ࡗࢅ୯ᚨ࡞ . ⢥♼⤊ヽ 100, 469-485. 7 ኬฦ┬ࡡ⮤ṽ⋙ / ᒱ⏛㯖౪ , ᙫᒜ㝧 ➁ᓞḿ , ᑚᒜᬓ , ᕖ୕ெ (2005). ⮤ṽࡡཋ ᅄ࣬ິᶭࡡᐁឺ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ◂✪Ѹ⮤ṽࡡᐁឺࡷこᅄ ࢅ♣ఌⓏこᅄࡵྱࡴ࡙ኣぽⓏ࡞ฦᯊࡌࡾ᪁Ἢࡡ᳠ ゞѸ . ᬙᏄ ( ⥽ ), ཉ⏍ຘ഼┤⛁Ꮥ◂✪㈕ຐ㔘 ࡆࡆࢀࡡᗛ⛁Ꮥ◂✪ᴏ࣬⮤ṽࡡᐁឺ࡞ᇱࡘࡂ 㜭ᑊ➿ࡡ᥆㐅࡞㛭ࡌࡾ◂✪ , pp19-36. ᅗ❟⢥♼ ಕ◂✪ᡜ , ᑚᖲ . ➁ᓞḿ , Ꮹ⏜Ꮔ , ᑚᒜᬓ (2004). ⮤ṽࡡཋ ᅄ࣬ິᶭࡡᐁឺ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ◂✪㸣୕⏛Ⱪ ( ⥽ ), ཉ⏍ ຘ഼┤⛁Ꮥ◂✪㈕ຐ㔘ࡆࡆࢀࡡᗛ⛁Ꮥ◂✪ ᴏ࣬⮤ṽࡡᐁឺ࡞ᇱࡘࡂ㜭ᑊ➿ࡡ᥆㐅࡞㛭ࡌࡾ ◂✪ , pp19-36. ᅗ❟⢥♼ಕ◂✪ᡜ , ᑚᖲ . ୕㔕ḿᙢ , ᗁྒྷᏺ , ὰᕖᬏὊ (1981). ⩹ெࡡ ⮤ṽ . ኬ༈ヽ 40, 1109-1119. ᒜᓧኯ㑳 , ➁ᓞḿ , ᘿ㈴ᚠ (2006). ⢥♼⑄ᝀ࡛ ⮤ṽ࡛ࡡ㛭㏻Ѹ᮶ா㒌༇㒂ࡡ⮤ṽ⩽ᐁឺㄢᰕ࡛ධ ᅗࠉᒜᙟ┬࡛ࡡẒ㍉Ѹ . Ἢ༈Ꮥࡡᐁ㝷࡛◂✪ 49, 239-246. ྚ⏛ᾀ , ᭻᭮ྚົ , ⚗ᒜ (1988). ᾇ㐠࡞࠽ ࡄࡾࠔⱖ⮤ṽࠕࡡᐁឺ࡛ࡐࡡこᅄࡡฦᯊ . ᮇප ⾏⾠⏍㞟ヽ 35, 239-245. ྚ ⃕ ໌ (1979). ⩹ ெ ࡡ ⮤ ṽ . ࠾ ࡼ ࡓ ࡡ ⛁ Ꮥ 86, 59-63. ⴥ⩽㏻⤙ ࠚ 870-1201 ኬฦᕰኬᏊᘌᰠ㔕 2944-9 ኬฦ┬❟┫㆜⛁ᏕኬᏕ ⢥♼┫㆜Ꮥ◂✪ᐄ ᙫᒜ 㝧 8
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