ᅜ㝿ཧຍᆺẸ⩏ほ ᡤ OIDP 䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛛䜙䜏䜛 ᕷẸཧຍ䛻㛵䛩䜛㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ䛸Ẹ⩏䜈䛾ヨ䜏 The attempt to realize the Democracy of the City䠉Experiences of interchange of Citizen Participatory on the activities of The International Organization of Participatory Democracy 㻌 ✵㛫䝕䝄䜲䞁䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮㻌 㻝㻝㻰㻠㻟㻜㻞㻜㻌 Ặྡ㻌 ྜྷ⏣♸グ㻌 㻌 ᣦᑟᩍဨ㻌 Ặྡ㻌 ᅵ⫧┿ே㻌 㻱㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼘㻌㻰㼑㼟㼕㼓㼚㻌㻼㼞㼛㼓㼞㼍㼙㻌 Yuki Yoshida㻌 Adviser Masato Dohi 㻌 ABSTRACT This study focuses on the International Observatory on Participatory Democracy (IOPD), an international network mainly between Latin American and European cities aiming to promote “democracy of the city”. The aim is to identify the character defined in the process of its establishment, and the specific interaction between the member cities of IOPD which are improving participatory approach in mutual relationships. This study is conducted by analyzing 152 participatory programs nominated for “Best Practice of Citizen Participation” awards of 2006 – 2012, which was given in annual Conference of the IOPD. As a result of the analysis, this study describes the 6 specific relationship improving the participatory approach, such as participatory budget, participatory planning, developing the community and usual communication between the cities around the Barcelona. In addition, present a theoretical framework explaining that individual efforts to improve their democracy of the city may lead to create the network of IOPD for the democracy of the city as a whole in the Latin America and European regions. ◊✲ࡢᴫせ ➨1❶ 1-1 ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ⌧ᅾࠊ᪥ᮏࢆࡣࡌࡵୡ⏺ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᅛ᭷ᛶࡸලయᛶ ᇶ࡙ࡃࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞බඹᨻ⟇ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ 㒔ᕷ᫂☜࡞ᐃ⩏ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾᵝࠎ࡞ㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢሙᏑᅾࡍࡿᩥࡸ♫ⓗ࡞Ⴀࡳࡣ◚ቯࡉࢀࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆ Ꮞࡴࠋ㒔ᕷࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠕẸ⩏ࠖࢆ⨨࡙ࡅ ࡿࠊ᭷㝈ࡢᅛ᭷ᛶලయᛶࢆࡶࡘࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᩥ⬦ἢࡗࡓ♫ ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋᚓࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ ⩏ࠖࡶ㡿ᇦⓗ࡞ືែᛶ᭕ࡉࢆᛶ㉁ࡋ࡚ࡶࡘࠋ ㏆௦ᅜᐙࡢᡂ❧௨㝆ࠊ ࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࡣᛶ㉁ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㈨ ᮏ⩏ࡸయ⩏ࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ࣒࠸ࡗ ࡓࠊሙᡤࡢᅛ᭷ᛶࢆࡉ࡞࠸ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑐࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 㒔ᕷࡢᩥ⬦ἢࡗࡓ♫ࡢᐇ⌧࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖ ࡢヨࡳࡣከࡃࡢᅔ㞴ࡀక࠺ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࡇࡢᙅࡉࡣࠊᩘከࡃࡢ Ẹ⩏ࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓヨࡳࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀᙉࡉࢀ࡚ ࡁࡓ㔜せ࡞౯್ᇶ‽ࢆෆໟࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㒔ᕷㄽࡢ୰ࠕẸ ⩏ࠖࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ┠ᣦࡍࡁᣦ㔪ࢆ♧ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥ ࣮ࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃᆅᇦᅪࡢ㒔ᕷ╔┠ࡋࡓࠋ㏆ᖺ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ ᅜᐙⓗ࡞య⩏ࠊࣇࢩࢬ࣒࠸ࡗࡓ⤫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒⨨ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࣛࢸ࣓࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ⎔すὒᆅᇦᅪࡢ㒔 ᕷ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࡢ⬤ᙅࡉඹࠊࡑࢀࢆࡾ㉺࠼ ᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ᫂☜⌧ࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇ ࢀࡽࡢẸ⩏ྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ௦ࡽ⥆ ࡃࡺࡿࡸ࡞ᩥᅪࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⎔すὒ ᆅᇦᅪ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࡢヨࡳࡽࠊࡑࡢලయ ⓗ࡞ᡭἲඹࠊẸ⩏ࡢ᰿ᗏࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ౯್㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ ࡢពࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ᅜ㝿ཧຍᆺẸ⩏ほ ᡤ Observatorio Internacional de la Democracia Participativa (௨ୗࠊOIDP)ࡣࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ ࣭࣮࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃᆅᇦ࡛ࠊཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࡢ᥎㐍ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ 㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ⾜࠺ᅜ㝿⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿࠋOIDP ཧຍࡍࡿయࡣࠊ ྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿලయⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᬑཬࡑ ࡢᡭἲⓗ࡞ᨵⰋࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ὶࡋࠊྛ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࡢ᥎ 㐍ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣࠊOIDP ࡢタ❧⫼ᬒࡸྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ╔┠ࡋࠊ Ṕྐⓗ࡞య⩏ࡸࣇࢩࢬ࣒ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡶࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢬ ࣒ࡼࡿ౯್ࡢ⏬୍ࡸ୍⯡ᑐᢠࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ ྥࡅࡓලయⓗ࡞ヨࡳࡋ࡚ࡢࠊᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸ㒔ᕷ㛫 ࡢὶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠋ ձOIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㛵ࢃࡿࠊ ࠕᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࠕ㒔 ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࠖᑐࡍࡿᐇែࡸព㆑ࠊࡲࡓࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖ ࡢព㆑ࡽࠊOIDP ࡢពࡸຠ⏝ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ղࣛࢸ࣓࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃᆅᇦᅪ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ ⩏ࠖࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓᡭἲࡢṔྐⓗ࡞✚ᨵⰋࡽࠊࡑࡢ Ẹ⩏ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ౯್ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ճ㒔ᕷࡢ୰ࠕẸ⩏ࠖࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ᭷ࡍ ࡿᛶ㉁ඹᚋࡢ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ᑐࡍࡿᣦ㔪ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 1-2 ᵓᡂ᪉ἲ ᮏㄽᩥࡢᵓᡂࢆ㸦ᅗ 1-1㸧♧ࡍࠋ㈨ᩱㄪᰝࡸ⌧ᆅࣄ ࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ OIDP ࡢタ❧⫼ᬒࡸ⌧ᅾࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ ࡳࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓྛ㒔ᕷࡢᐇ ࡍࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛࡸ㒔ᕷ㛫 ὶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊOIDP ࡢ᭷ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡸ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࠊ⌧ᆅ ㄪᰝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚グ ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ 1-3 ඛ⾜◊✲ ᅗ 1-1 ❶ᵓᡂᅗ OIDP ࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ ホ౯ࢆ♧ࡍᏛ⾡ㄽᩥࡸ◊✲ሗ࿌ࡣࠊFont.J ࡽ㸦2003㸧ࡼ ࢽࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࡞࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࡢ⮬యࡸᅜ㝿㒔ᕷ㛫⤌⧊ 㸦FMCUࠊIULA㸧ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡢᅜ㝿ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦Habitat II㸧ࢆ ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᵝࠎ࡞యࡀ」ᒙⓗ㔜࡞ࡾ࠶ࡗ࡚ᙧ ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣ OIDP タ❧ึᮇࡢ㔜せ࡞ ᅜ㝿㆟ࢆྠᐃࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇࡢ୰ᚰࢆᢸ࠺࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞࠊ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࢻࢽࡢ 3 㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࡸ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ 㛵ࢃࡿṔྐⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦╔┠ࡋࡓࠋ ୖグ 3 㒔ᕷࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆぢࡿࠊOIDP ࡣ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞ ࡢࠕཧຍᆺண⟬ࠖࡢᬑཬࡸࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࢻࢽࡸࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࠾ࡅ ࡿ㒔ᕷࡢேᶒ࡛࠶ࡿᕷẸᶒࡢಖ㞀࠸ࡗࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡽጞࡲ ࡾࠊURB-AL ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ࡚ᅜᐙࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࣛࢸࣥ ࣓࣮ࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㒔ᕷࡢὶࡽᥦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ OIDP ࡣ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࠊᅜᐙࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ㧗ᗘ⮬ ࡢᛮᇶ࡙ࡃḢᕞጤဨ URB-AL ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨭࡸ IULAࠊFMCU ࠸ࡗࡓ⮬యࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᅜ㝿ࣇ ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ➼ཧຍࡍࡿᨻඪࠊᕷẸ⤌⧊ࠊ⮬య࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷ ࢆࢸ࣮࣐άືࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞యࡀ㛵ࢃࡾࠊタ❧⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2-3 OIDP ࡢ┠ⓗ⤌⧊ⓗᒎ㛤 OIDP ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊྛ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࡢ᥎㐍࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ2001 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ➨ 1 ᅇ OIDP ᅜ㝿 ㆟ࡢྲྀࡾỴࡵࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞♫ࢆ㐀ࡍࡿⅭᙺ❧ࡘ ࠊ ➨2❶ OIDP ࡢタ❧⤌⧊ࠊάືᐇែ ཧຍᆺྡࡅࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞Ẹ⩏ࡢᙧែࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡇࠖ ࡑࡢタ❧㊃᪨ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2-1 ᮏ❶ࡢᴫせ ࡲࡓ OIDP ࡣࠊ ௨ୗࡢ 2 ࡘࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊOIDP ࡢタ❧ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥ Socios㸦ဨ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸧 㸹࡚ࡢࠕ⮬యࠖࡀ Socios ࡞ࡿࡇ ࣮ࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᨭ࠼ ࡀฟ᮶ࠊࡲࡓཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺බ⣙ࢆ⮬Ⓨ ࡿሙࡋ࡚ࡢ≉ᚩࢆࠊࡑࡢタ❧ࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ┠ⓗࠊάືࠊ⤌⧊ ⓗᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ⮬యᶵ㛵ࠊ⤌⧊ࡀဨ࡞ࡿࠋColaboradores ⓗᒎ㛤ࡽ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⅭ OIDP 㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ 㸦༠ຊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸧 㸹ཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺බ⣙ࢆ⮬ 㞟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㈨ᩱ㞟ࡣࠊOIDP ᅜ㝿㆟ࡢ᭱⤊ᥦゝ᭩ࢆ୰ᚰ Ⓨⓗᐇ⾜ࡋࠊࡲࡓほ ᡤࡢ┠ⓗࡢᨵⰋ༠ຊࢆࡋࡓ࠸ᮃ ࠊ᭱᪂ࡢ 2014 ᖺࡢᥦゝ᭩ࡽ㡰㞟ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛᥦ ࡴ࡚ࡢᶵ㛵ࠊ⤌⧊ࠊᶵᵓࡀ༠ຊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡞ࡿࠋ ゝ᭩ࡣ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊࢭ࣑ OIDP ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࢆ᥎㐍 ࢼ࣮ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࡢྡ⛠ࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇ ࢀࡽ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡸ HP ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚ OIDP ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ ࡍࡿ࠸࠺බ⣙ࢆ⮬Ⓨⓗᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓ༠ຊ ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕほ ᡤࡢ┠ⓗࡢᨵⰋ༠ຊࢆࡋࡓ࠸ 2-2 OIDP ࡢタ❧ࣉࣟࢭࢫ ᮃࡴࠖࡇࢆࠊOIDP ࡢつ⣙ࡋ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡣࠊ OIDP ࡢタ❧ࡣࠊḢᕞጤဨࡢᐇࡍࡿ URB-AL ࡤ OIDP ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ㄢࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⩏ົࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ OIDP ࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂᑐࡍࡿᨭࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ┤ ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳཧຍ㐠Ⴀ㛵ࡍࡿពᛮỴᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࠊࡲࡓ ᥋ⓗ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡢཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࡢᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀࡑࡢᙺ࡞ 1980 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡽ EU ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᅜ㝿㛤Ⓨࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᕷẸ♫ࡢయ࡛࠶ࡿ NGO ࡸ⮬యࠊᕷẸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠊᴗ OIDP ࡢタ❧ࡣඛᣲࡆࡓ 3 㒔ᕷࢆྵࡴࠊ11 㒔ᕷࡢ⮬య࣭ ࠸ࡗࡓయࡢ㔜せᛶࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆ⫼ᬒࠊ1989 ᖺ ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ࢝ࣜࣈࠊኴᖹὒᆅᇦ㸦Africa, Caribe, Pacificࠊ௨ ⤌⧊ࡽ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ2015 ᖺࡣ 71 ࢝ᅜࠊ615 ࡢ࣓ ୗ ACP㸧ㅖᅜ⥾⤖ࡉࢀࡓ➨ 4 ḟ࣓ࣟ᮲⣙࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦศᶒ༠ ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷ࡛ OIDP ࡣᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖺḟᅜ㝿㆟ࡢ㛤ദ ാ cooperación descentralizada ࡢᴫᛕࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊᅜ㝿༠ຊࡢ㈨ ࡈࡑࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜู࡛᭱ࡶ࣓ࣥࣂ ※ࡀ⮬యࡸ NGOࠊᴗ࠸ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣃ࣮ࢺ ࣮ᩘࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢫ࣌ࣥ㸦151 ⤌⧊㸦௨ୗࠊ 㸦 㸧ෆࡣ 2012 㛤ࢀࡓࠋ௨ᚋ EU ࡛ࡣ 1990 ᖺ௦ࡽ ACP ㅖᅜࡢᅜ㝿㛤 ᖺⅬࡢ⤌⧊ᩘ㸧 㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࠸࡛ࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥ㸦55㸧 ࠊ࣌ࣝ Ⓨ༠ຊᑐࡍࡿ᪉㔪ࢆࡁࡃኚࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ᪉㔪㌿ ࣮㸦43㸧 ࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝ㸦37㸧 ࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ㸦29㸧 ࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅ㸦26㸧 ࡼࡾḢᕞጤဨࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭༠ຊ⥲ᒁ Desarrollo y Cooperación ࢆ୰ᚰࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ࡽࡢཧຍࡀከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ࣮ࣚࣟ 㸦ᪧ㛤Ⓨຓ⥲ᒁ㸧࡛ࡣ EuropeAid ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᐇࡋࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ ࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࢱࣜࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝ ⤒῭ࠊሗࠊ⮬↛⎔ቃࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡞ࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࣛࢸ ࡽࡢཧຍ㒔ᕷࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࢫ࣌ࣥࢆ୰ᚰ ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ࡢᆅᇦ㛫༠ാࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡍࡿす࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ࡢㅖ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ OIDP URB-AL ࡣࡇࡢ EuropeAid ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠕ㒔ᕷࠖ ཧຍ㒔ᕷࡣᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢆࢸ࣮࣐୧ᆅᇦࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂࢆ┠ⓗ 2-4 OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ࡋ࡚ 1996 ᖺࡽ㛤ጞࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋྠࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ ⌧ᅾࡢ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊձOIDP ᖺḟᅜ㝿㆟ղࢸ࣮࣐ 㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨ㛵ࡍࡿᯟࡢࢸ࣮࣐㸦Ẹ⩏ࠊ⸆≀ၥ㢟ࠊṔྐ ู࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉճཧຍᆺẸ⩏ᆅᇦほ ᡤ OLDP ࡢ ಖࠊ⤒῭㛤Ⓨ࡞㸧ࡢୗࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗ㞟ࡲࡿᆅ᪉⮬యࡼ タ❧ᆅᇦูࡢάືմཧຍᆺࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢሗ㞟⟶⌮ ࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᙧᡂࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ OIDP ࡣ 㸦Banco de Experiencia㸧յᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⾲ᙲάື URB-AL ࡢタᐃࡍࡿࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐㞟ࡲࡗࡓ ู࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ OIDP ࡛ࡣࠊୖグࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅ ࡇࡢ URB-AL 㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡽࠊOIDP ࡢタ❧ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ ࡿࠕཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࠖࡢᐇ㊶㛵ࡍࡿሗඹ᭷ࠊ㆟ㄽࢆࡣࡌ ࡵࠊබඹᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࡢᶍ⣴ࠊ ᴫほࡍࡿࠊOIDP ࡢタ❧ࡣࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࢻ ࡿ OIDP ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢศᯒሗ࿌ࡸࠊRainer Rothfuss 㸦2006㸧ࡼࡿࠊᅜ㐃ࣁࣅࢱࢵࢺࡸ OIDP ࡢᅜ㝿㆟ࡼࡗ ࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢㄢ㢟ࡸྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚♧ࡍ ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡽࠊOIDP ࡣࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚ ࣮ࣟࢵࣃ㝣㛫ࡢẸ⩏ࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋࡓᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡸ ሗࡢཧ↷ࡸᬑཬࠊࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᵓ⠏࠸ࡗࡓព ⩏ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡽホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᏛ⾡◊✲➼࡛ OIDP ࡀㄒࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ༠ຊయ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡸࠊOIDP ࡢᕷẸཧຍࡢホ౯㍈ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࡇࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⾲ ᙲࢆཷࡅࡓࡇࠊࡲࡓཧຍᆺண⟬ࡢᬑཬࡢᩥ⬦࡛ᐤࡋࡓࡇ ࡞ࠊᖖࡑࢀࡣูࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸ⤌⧊ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ୰ ࡛ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊOIDP ࡑࢀ⮬య࡛୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ ࢇ࡞ࡃࠊᑀࢁࡑࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸ⤌⧊ࠊᶵ 㛵ࡢ፹ࡸᨭ࠸ࡗࡓᙧ࡛⌧ࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᨻࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀࠊᕷẸཧຍࠊ㐠ືㄽࠊ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࠊ ᆅ᪉ศᶒᨻ⟇࠸ࡗࡓᩥ⬦ࡽࠊ⿵㊊ⓗㄒࡽࢀࡿ OIDP 㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᮏㄽ࡛ࡣ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ㒔ᕷㄽࡢ୰࡛ᤊ࠼┤ ࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇែࠊᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 1 ࡘ 1 ࡘࡢࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࡢ౯್ࡸ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇᮏㄽࡢ≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࡑࡢᡭἲࡢᬑཬྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋࡋࡋࠊOIDP ࡛ࡣ⏬୍ⓗ࡞ ࠕཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࡢᐃ ⩏ࢆྛ㒔ᕷጤࡡࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ྥࡅࡓάື ࡢᣑᨵⰋࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ཧຍᆺẸ⩏ 㛵ࡍࡿඹ㏻ཎ⌮ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊOIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ୰ᚰࡣࠊ ྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞άື࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚タ❧௨᮶ࠊOIDP ࡢᢏ⾡ົᒁࢆᢸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ࡛ࡣࠊྛ㒔ᕷࡢཧຍ ᆺẸ⩏ࡢᬑཬྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺሗඹ᭷ࢆ ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ OIDP ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡢពᚿỴᐃ⾜ື࣋ ࣮ࢫࡢ⤌⧊య OIDP ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀ ฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ➨3❶ OIDP ✚ࡉࢀࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ≉ᚩⓗ せ⣲ 3-1 ᮏ❶ࡢᴫせ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊOIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ ࠕᕷẸཧຍ⾲ᙲ άືࠖྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊ OIDP ཧຍࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢయⓗ࡞ഴྥ ࡸ≉ᚩⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 2006 ᖺࡽᅜ㝿㆟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ẖᖺᐇࡉࢀࡿࠊᕷẸཧຍ ⾲ᙲάືࡣࠊྛ㒔ᕷࡢ⮬యࡽ⏦ㄳࡉࢀࡿཧຍᆺẸ⩏ ࡢ㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࠊOIDP ࣓ࣥࣂ ࣮㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬యࡸ NGO ➼㸦ဨ࣭༠ຊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㸧ࡼ ࡗ࡚⾲ᙲࡍࡿάື࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏦ㄳࡉࢀࡿᕷẸཧຍࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡣࠊྛ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿẸ⩏ࡢ᥎㐍ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓබඹᨻ⟇࡛࠶ ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ≉ᚩࡣྛ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࡢ≉ᚩ ࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ㑅⪃ࡣᅜ㝿㆟ࢆദ ࡍࡿ⮬యࠊOIDP ᢏ⾡ᮏ㒊ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷࠊࡲࡓ OIDP ࡢ㐠Ⴀ 㛵ࢃࡿࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢺጤဨ࠾ࡼࡧ OIDP ༠ຊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ࡽࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ཧຍࡼࡾᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᑂᰝጤဨࡢᢞ⚊ࡼࡾ ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋྛᖺ࡛᭱ඃ⚽㈹㸦Buena Práctica㸧≉ู㈹㸦Mención Especial㸧ࡀ㑅ฟࡉࢀࠊᅜ㝿㆟ࡢሙ࡛⾲ᙲࡉࢀࡿࠋཷ㈹ࡼ ࡿሗዡ㔠࡞ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ║ࡣࠊඛ㐍ⓗࠊ㠉᪂ ⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࡢࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ㄆ▱ࡑࡇࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿලయ ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡸ▱ぢࡢඹ᭷࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊOIDP ᢏ⾡ᮏ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ ࡽධᡭࡍࡿࡇࡢฟ᮶ࡓ 2006-2012 ᖺ㸦➨ 1 ᅇࡽ➨ 6 ᅇ㸧 ࡢࠊᕷẸཧຍ⾲ᙲάືᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࠊ 152 ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࢆ ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛయࡢศᯒࡽぢฟࡉࢀࡿഴྥࡸ≉ ᚩⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒔ᕷࡀᚿ ྥࡍࡿࠕẸ⩏ࠖཬࡧ OIDP ࡢࠕཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࠖࡢྲྀ ࡾ⤌ࡳྥࡅࡓࠊ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛせ⣲ࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ 3-2 ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛయࡢഴྥ 2006-2012 ᖺ OIDP ᕷẸཧຍ⾲ᙲάື⏦ㄳࡉࢀࡓࠊ 152 ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࢆᇶࠊ13 ᣦᶆࠊ109 㡯┠ࡽ࡞ࡿ GIS ࢹ ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 3-1㸧ࠋ13 ࡢᣦᶆࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ㸹[ᆅ ᇦ]ࠊ[ᅜ]ࠊ[ேཱྀつᶍ]ࠊ[᥎㐍య]ࠊ[ᐇ⠊ᅖ]ࠊ[⏦ㄳᖺ]ࠊ[ᡭ ἲ]ࠊ[ཷ㈹]ࠊ[ᡭἲ⛣㌿㸦⮬⏤グ㏙㸧]ࠊ[⏦ㄳᅇᩘ]ࠊ[┠ⓗ]ࠊ[┠ ⓗ㸦⮬⏤グ㏙㸧][⫼ᬒ㸦⮬⏤グ㏙㸧]ࠋసᡂࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ ࡛ࡣࠊᣦᶆ࡞ࡿ㡯┠ࡢከࡉࡽ⤫ィⓗࡣయࡋ࡚ࡢ≉ ᚩࡣぢฟࡍࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᥈⣴ⓗ࡞ศᯒࡽ 152 యࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿ᥎㐍యࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ≉ᐃࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩⓗ࡞άືࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓ㸦ᅗ 3-2㸧 ࠋ ࣭࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ≉ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࡢࠊᇶ♏⮬యࠊᗈ ᇦ⮬యࠊᅜᐙᶵ㛵࠸ࡗࡓ⾜ᨻయࡣࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ሗⓎಙ [ᆅᇦ] [᥎㐍య] [ᆅᇦ] [ᅜ] [ᆅᇦ] [ᅜ] [ᡭἲ] [᥎㐍య] [ᡭἲ⛣㌿] [ᐇ⠊ᅖ] [⫼ᬒ] [ᡭἲ⛣㌿] [ᐇ⠊ᅖ] [⫼ᬒ] [ EL1 ] [ EL2 ] [ᡭἲ] [┠ⓗ] [ EL3 ] య䜢≉ᚩ䛵䛡䜛᥎㐍య䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫 [ ᣦᶆ ] ศᯒ䛾ᣦᶆ [ ᣦᶆ ] ศᯒᣦᶆ䛸㐃㛵䛩䜛ᣦᶆ EL1:⾜ᨻ௨እ䛾య䜢᥎㐍య䛻ྵ䜐 EL2䠖ᗈᇦ⮬య䞉ᅜᐙᶵ㛵䜢᥎㐍య䛻ྵ䜐 EL3䠖ᇶ♏⮬య䛾䜏䛜᥎㐍య䛸䛺䜛 ᅗ 3-2 152 ࡢయศᯒࡢࡲࡵ ᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲࡢᑟධᨭࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿࠊᆅᇦ㐃ྜయࠊ⮬ య㐃ྜࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࠊᏛ⾡ᶵ㛵ࠊᆅ༊༠㆟ࠊᕷẸ⤌⧊࠸ࡗ ࡓ⾜ᨻ௨እࡢ᥎㐍యࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞㒔ᕷ㛫ࢆ⛣ືࡋࠊἲไᗘࡢ ᨵṇ࣭ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢཧຍࡼࡿሗⓎಙᡭἲ⛣㌿ࢆ⾜ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3-3 ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢྛせ⣲ ୖグࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛయࡢഴྥศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ≉ యࡢഴྥᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ[ᆅᇦ]ࠊ[᥎㐍య]ࠊ[ᡭἲ]ࡸ[ᡭ ἲ⛣㌿]ࡢせ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣヲ⣽ᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ≉⏦ㄳࡉ ࢀࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࢫ࣌ࣥࠊ≉ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࢆ୰ᚰከࡃ㸦65 㸧 ࠊࣛࢸ࣓࡛ࣥࣜ࢝ࡣࣝ ࢮࣥࢳࣥ㸦12 㸧ࡸࣈࣛࢪࣝ㸦14 㸧࠸ࡗࡓ༡⡿ࢆ୰ ᅗ 3-1 GIS ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ ὶࡢᙳ㡪ࡽ ࣔࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠕఫ ẸࡢኻᩋᏛ ࡪࠖࡇࡸࠊ࣋ ࢪ࣭ࣕࣅࢫࢱ࡛ ࡣࠕࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ ࣮ࡢ⏝ࠖࡽ ཧຍ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓᕷẸࡢཧ ຍࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊ࡞ ᅗ 4-1 ὶ 1 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ࡢ⊂⮬ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛඹྛ㒔ᕷࡢཧຍࡢᣦ㔪ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿࣇ࢛ࣝࢱ࣮ࣞࢨ࡛ࡣࠕከᵝ࡞♫ⓗ 㞟ᅋࡢໟᦤࠖ ࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢ࡛ࣞࡣࠕཧຍࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᆅ༊ࡸᆅ ᇦࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡞ࠊࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸⠊ᅖࡸከᵝ࡞♫㞟ᅋࢆᑐ ㇟ࡍࡿཧຍࡢᣦ㔪ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ✵㛫 ⓗつᶍࡢᑠࡸከᵝ࡞♫ⓗ㞟ᅋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ 㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ➨4❶ OIDP ࡢᕷẸཧຍ⾲ᙲάືࡳࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ ὶ 2:࢚ࢡࢻ࡛ࣝࡢཧຍᆺண⟬ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ 4-1 ᮏ❶ࡢ┠ⓗ ࢚ࢡࢻ࡛ࣝ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ➨ 3 ❶ྠᵝ OIDP ࡢ⾲ᙲάືྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆࡽ ࡣ 2006 ᖺᙜ ࢀࡿ 152 ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞ ࡢ᠇ἲ࡛ࡣබ 㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ➨ 3 ❶࡛ࡣྛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᣦ ⓗᨭࡽ ᶆࡽయࡢഴྥࢆᤊ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿせ⣲ࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ 㝖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡇࢀᑐࡋᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ152 ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࡢグ㏙ෆᐜࢆศᯒࡢ ㎰ᮧᆅ༊ࠊࢥࣟ ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚㸦ሙᡤࡸయࠊไᗘࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡢグ㏙㸧 ࠊ㒔ᕷ ࣥࣅ࡛ࡣ 90 㛫ࡢಶูⓗ࡞ὶࡢ⤖ᯝࡽᑟࢀࡿࠊOIDP ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ᖺ௦ࡢ᠇ἲᨵ యࡋ࡚㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ṇక࠺୰ኸ 152 ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࡽࠊ௨ୗࡢලయⓗ࡞㒔ᕷࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ 㞟ᶒయไࡢᙉ ࢡࠊ᥎㐍యࠊᡭἲ࠸ࡗࡓᅛ᭷ࡢྡ⛠ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ ᆅ᪉⮬ ᅗ 4-2 ὶ 2 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ࣭ሙᡤ㛵ࢃࡿྡ⛠㸹ᆅ༊ࠊ㒔ᕷࠊ㒔ᕷᅪࠊᅜᐙࠊᆅᇦࠊ⮬ ࡢᙅయࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࢆ⬣ࡍᨻయไࢆඹ㏻ యࡢྡ⛠ࠊ㒔ᕷᅪ࡞ ࡢ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ὶࡽぢฟࡍࡇࡢฟ᮶ࡿ࢚ ࣭య㛵ࢃࡿྡ⛠㸹⮬యࡢྡ⛠ࠊ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊ ࢡࢻࣝࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ࢝ࡸࢥࢱ࢝ࢳࠊࣂࣛࠊࢥࣟࣥࣅࡢࢱࣝ Ꮫ⾡ᶵ㛵ࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࠊ⮬య㐃ྜࠊᕷẸ⤌⧊࡞ ࢯࡸࣃࢫࢺࡣࠊᅜෆ࡛ඛ㥑ⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࡢᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜࠺Ꮡᅾ ࣭ไᗘⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢྡ⛠㸹ἲไᗘࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡞ ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᅜෆయࡢ㒔ᕷࡸ㎰ᮧࡢ᱁ᕪࡸබⓗᨭࡢ㊊࡞ ࣭ᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲ࣭ࣔࢹࣝ㛵ࢃࡿྡ⛠㸸ཧຍᆺண⟬ࠊཧຍ ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢὶྵࡲࢀࡿᕷẸཧຍࡢࣉࣟࢢ ᆺィ⏬ࠊࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡸ࣋ࣥࢺࠊ㞟࡞ ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ㎰ᮧࡢ᱁ᕪᑐࡍࡿண⟬㓄ศࢆỴᐃᡭἲࡸࠊ ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊୖグࡢྡ⛠ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㐃㛵ࡋ࡚グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㒔ᕷ⊂⮬ࡢ㛤Ⓨᇶ㔠ࡢタ❧ࠊᅜ㝿ᢞ㈨ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ࣜࢲ ࠼ࡤ㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢྡ⛠ࡣᐃᮇⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ㛫࣋ࣥࢺ ࣮ࡢ௦⾲ᛶࡢⓎ࡞ࡢᡭἲⓗ≉ᚩࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡸᅜ㝿㆟ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫⤌⧊ࢆព ࡚ࡇࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡣࠊྛ㒔ᕷࡢ♫ⓗ≧ἣࡸἲไᗘᑐࡍࡿ ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀὀពࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊಶูⓗ࡞ྡ⛠ࡢ୍⮴ ᑐᛂຊࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ♫ⓗࠊ✵㛫ⓗ㐃ᖏࡽ⌧ࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿྛࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏦ㄳ᭩ࡢグ㏙ෆᐜࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ↷ 㛫ὶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᛂࡉࡏࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ඹ㏻ࡍࡿᕷẸཧຍࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸᡭἲⓗ࡞ ὶ 3:࣏ࣝࢺ࡛࢞ࣝࡢ࢝ࣝࢽࢹ⮬యࡼࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ ≉ᚩࡸ㆟ࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ➼ࡼࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ ࣒ࣛࡢᬑཬ ༠ຊ㛵ಀ࠸ࡗࡓෆᐜࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊࡇࢀࢆὶ ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝࡢ ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྛಶูྡ⛠ࡢ୍⮴ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊ152 ୰ኸᨻᗓࣜࢫ ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࡢグ㏙యࢆ 1 ࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ࡚ࡲࡵࠊ⏝ ࡛࣎ࣥࡣᕷẸ ࡉࢀࡿゝㄒ➼␃ពࡋ࡚ྡ⛠ࡢ᳨⣴ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㛫ࡢᑐᛂ㛵 ཧຍ㛵ࡋ࡚ ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ 㛢㙐ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ 4-2 ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡋࡓලయⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶ ࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣝࢽ 152 ࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩ࡢグ㏙ࡽࠊ௨ୗࡢ 6 ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࢆ ࢹࢆ୰ᚰࡋ ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࡓ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝ ᅜෆ࡛ࡢᕷẸ ὶ 1:༡⡿ࡢཧຍᆺண⟬ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ᅗ 4-3 ὶ 3 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ཧຍࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡢ࣋ࢪ࣭ࣕࣅࢫࢱ㸦ARG㸧ࡸࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢ࣭ࣜ࢜ ࣒ࡢᨵⰋྥࡅࡓྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡽ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ ࢲࢫ࣭࢜ࢫࢺࣛࢫ㸦BRA㸧࠸ࡗࡓᑠつᶍ㒔ᕷඹࠊࣟࢧ ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ࢝ࣝࢽࢹ࡛ࡣࠊὶ 3 ࡢሙྜࡣ␗࡞ ࣜ࢜㸦ARG㸧ࡸ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞ㸦BRA㸧࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࢆ ࡾࠊ㛢㙐ⓗ࡞ࣜࢫ࣎ࣥࡢྛ⾜ᨻయࡸ࣓ࢹࠊࡢ⮬య ྵࡴࠊ≉ཧຍᆺண⟬ࣔࢹࣝࡢᆅᇦ⊂⮬ࡢᑟධ㛵ࢃࡿ㒔ᕷ ඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᨻయࢆᨵ 㛫ὶࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ༡⡿ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡣࠊURB-AL ⦅ࡉࡏࡿヨࡳࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀᛂࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿࣔࣥࢫ ࣝ⮬యࡽࡢ⏦ㄳࡽࠊࡇࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࡣ⌧ࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓ ࡶཧຍᆺண⟬ࡢᑟධᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫 ᚰከᵝ࡞ᆅᇦ㸦12 ࢝ᅜ㸧ࡽࡢ⏦ㄳࡀከࡃ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲ ࡓᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊཧຍᆺண⟬ࠊཧຍᆺィ⏬ࠊ༠㆟ ࠊ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠊ㞟࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊ┤᥋ᢞ⚊ࠊᕷẸ┘ ᰝ࡞ูࡉࢀࡿᡭἲࡢከᵝ࡞⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡿࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୖグศ㢮ࡢࠊᕷẸ༠ᐃࡸ᮲ࡢ⟇ ᐃࠊබඹ✵㛫ᩚഛࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᣐⅬᩚഛࠊཧຍࡢ⥲ྜィ ⏬ࠊ࣮࣭ࣟ࢝ࣝࢪ࢙ࣥࢲࡸ㒔ᕷᡓ␎ィ⏬࡞ྛ㒔ᕷ⊂⮬ࡢ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣᇶ♏⮬యࡀ ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࣛࢸࣥ ࣓ࣜ࢝ㅖ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣ⮬య⤌⧊ඹ NGO ࡸᆅᇦ㐃ྜయ ඹྠࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᬑཬྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࠊᆅᇦࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ᥎㐍ࡢ⤌⧊ᙧែࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢᕷẸཧ ຍࡢᡭἲࡸࠊࡑࡢ⛣㌿㛵ࡍࡿάືࡢ≉ᚩࡽࠊ⤫ィⓗࡣ ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ከᵝ࡞せ⣲ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ࠊయࡋ࡚ ࡢഴྥࢆᑟࡃࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢ యࡢഴྥࡣࠊẸ⩏ࢆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢሙᡤ᰿ᕪࡋࡓάືࢆୖࡢ⾜ᨻᵓ㐀ࡸ OIDP ࠸ࡗࡓࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡏࡿ୍㐃ࡢാࡁࡅࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊOIDP ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢⓎ ᒎࡶᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ὶ 4:ࢫ ࢫ࣌ࣥࢻ࣑ࢽ࢝ࠊ࢘ࣝࢢࡢඹྠࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ ࣮࢝ࣚࣟࢵ ࣃᆅᇦࡲࡓ ࡀࡿࡇࡢ㒔ᕷ 㛫ࡢὶ࡛ࡣࠊ 㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ ᵝࠎ࡞άືࢆ ⾜࠺ NGO ࡸ ᅗ 4-4 ὶ 4 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࠊ Ꮫ࡞ࡢయࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ㒔ᕷ࡛άືࢆ⾜࠺య㛫 ࡢ༠ാࡼࡗ࡚㧗ࡵࡽࢀࡓ㒔ᕷෆࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢ ᆅᇦⓗ⠊ᅖࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸άືయࡢ༠ຊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㊥㞳ࢆ㝸࡚ ࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉༠ാࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ ᐇ࠶ࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢᩥⓗ࣭ไᗘⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࢆチᐜࡋᚓࡿࠊᵝࠎ ࡞ᡭἲࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࣐ࣛ࢞ࡸࢭࣅ࣮ࢪ࡛ࣕࡣ㒔ᕷࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸᏑᅾࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞యࡸ♫ⓗㄢ㢟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᫂☜࡞ᇶ‽ࡸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᡂࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡽᕷẸཧຍࢆᑟධ ࡍࡿ࡞ࠊุ᩿ࡢᇶ‽ࡸ㐣⛬❧ࡕ࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿᡭἲ ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ✺Ⓨⓗ࡞⮬↛⅏ᐖ࠾ࡅࡿᪧ㝿ࡋࠊ ᰂ㌾࡞ᑐᛂࡢฟ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ᑐヰࡢฟ࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩ ࡣࢸࣞ࢜ぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬యࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᑐᛂ ࡍࡿࡇࡢฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞」ᒙⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡸ✺Ⓨⓗ࡞⅏ᐖᑐ ࡋࠊከయࡢཧຍศ㔝ᶓ᩿ⓗ࡞ᡭἲඹࠊࡑࡢከᵝᛶࢆ ୍㒊ࡔࡅ⨨࡙ࡅࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࠊከᵝࡉࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿᡭ ἲ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀࠊࡇࡢὶ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷࡢᡭἲࡋ࡚ぢ࠼ ࡿࠋ ὶ 5:ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ᅗ 4-6 ὶ 6 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢὶࡣࠊ⏦ㄳ᭩࠸ ࠺ᩥ㠃ࡽࡣ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠊయ㛫ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛ᵓ ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ 4-3 ᆅ⌮࣭⣔ิ࡛ࡳࡿ OIDP ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ 㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞⤒ᖺኚࡢᢕᥱࡽࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ ࢝ࡢ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞࡸࢡ࢚ࣥ࢝ࠊࢱࣝࢯࠊࡲࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ ᆅᇦࡢࢭࣅ࣮ࢪࣕࡸ࣐ࣛ࢞࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࡀὶࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ୰ᚰⓗ࡞యࡣࠊࣛࢸ࣓࡛ࣥࣜ࢝ࡣ CIMAS ࡸࣂࣝࢭࣟ ࢼᏛ࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⾡ᶵ㛵ࠊࡲࡓ UNESCO ࡸ PNUD ࠸ࡗࡓ ᅗ 4-5 ὶ 5 ぢࡽࢀࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᅗ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࡢὶࡣࠊ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞⮬య㛫ࡢὶࠊ ୖ⾜ᨻࡢᗈᇦⓗ࡞ィ⏬ࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢཧຍࡼࡗ࡚ᚓ ࡽࢀࡿ▱ぢࡢඹ᭷ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ┴ࡸ⮬ ᕞࡀᢸ࠺ᗈᇦⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡཧຍࡍࡿ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࡀࠊࡑ ࡇࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ▱ぢࢆࡢ࿘㎶㒔ᕷᑐࡋ࡚ሗᥦ౪ࢆ⾜࠺ ࡇ࡛⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡓὶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋOIDP ົᒁࡢࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ὶᗈᇦⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡢ┦ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡢ㍈࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ὶ 6:ࣂࣜ࢜ࠊࣇ࣮࣋ࣛᨵⰋࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡽぢࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ ᆅ༊ᨵⰋࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞య࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡼࡾࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ᰿࠸ࡓ⤌⧊ࡢ 㛵ಀࡽࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ≉ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ ࡛ࡣࠊࡢὶẚ࡚ࠊὶ 6 㛵ࢃࡿࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ 4 ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡼ࠺ࣂࣜ࢜ࠊ ࣇ࣮࣋ࣛ࠸ࡗࡓᆅ༊ᨵⰋࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢࢿ ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣᐇែࡋ࡚ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣ㛫ࡸሙᡤ ࢆ㝸࡚ࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㠀ᖖࡽ࠼ࡀࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ ᅗ 4-7 ὶ 1-6 ࡢ⤒ᖺኚ ᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡢᶵ㛵ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣࠊྠࡌࡃ CIMAS ࡸ࣐ࢻ࣮ࣜࢻᏛ㸦IEPALA㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࢧࣥࣃ࢘ࣟ ᣐⅬࢆᣢࡘࣃ࣭࢘ࣟࣇࣞࣞ◊✲ᡤ㸦IPF㸧࠸ࡗࡓᏛ⾡ᶵ㛵ࠊ ࡲࡓᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡢᅜ㝿ேᶒᆅᇦົᒁࠊࡉࡽࣥࢲࣝࢩᕞ ࡢ㛤Ⓨᇶ㔠࡛࠶ࡿ FAMSI ࠸ࡗࡓయࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ OIDP ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣛࢸ࣓࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚ ࣟࢵࣃࡢ㒔ᕷࢆ୰ᚰࠊ␗࡞ࡿᆅᇦࡢᏛ⾡ᶵ㛵ࡸேᶒࡸ㒔ᕷ 㛤Ⓨ࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡢᶵ㛵࠸ࡗࡓయࠊྠᆅᇦࡢ㛤Ⓨᇶ 㔠ࡼࡿᨭ࠸ࡗࡓ୰ぢฟࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ ࣛࢸ࣓࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⾡ᶵ 㛵ࡸ㛤Ⓨᇶ㔠ࡀ┦ࡢ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚άືࡸᨭࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶẸ ➨5❶ ⩏ࡢព㆑ 5.1 ᮏ❶ࡢᴫせ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ➨ 3ࠊ4 ❶࡛᫂ࡽࡋࡓᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡢᐇែព㆑ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒔 ᕷࡢẸ⩏ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ ලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ➨ 3ࠊ4 ❶ྠࡌࡃ OIDP ࡢ⾲ᙲά ືྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿ 152 ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⏦ㄳࡍࡿྛ㒔ᕷ ࡢ⏦ㄳᢸᙜ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡽ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ ⤌ࡳᑐࡍࡿᐇែព㆑ࡢᢕᥱࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡲࡓ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩ ࢸࡢᆅ༊ᨵⰋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦௨ୗࠊPCMB㸧ࢆ ࡋࡓヲ⣽࡞⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡽᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ 㛫ὶࡢᐇែࡸព㆑ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࡁࡃࠊ1.ྛ㒔ᕷࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢࣛ ᅗ 5-1 ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ ㄪᰝᴫせ ࣒ࠊ2.OIDP ࡢ㛵ಀࠊ3.Ẹ⩏㛵ࡍࡿព㆑ࠊࡢ 3 ࡘ㛵 ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢㄪᰝᴫせࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢ㸦ᅗ 5-1㸧 ♧ࡍࠋᅗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊᐇࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢᅇ⋡ ࡣ㠀ᖖపࡃࠊࡇࢀࡣ 2006 ᖺࡽ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㐣ཤࡢࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊࡲࡓ⏦ㄳ᭩グ㍕ࡢ࠶ࡿ᭷ ຠ㐃⤡ඛࡣయࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ 2/3㸦101 ௳㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ ⌮⏤ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽẸ⩏㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ࠸࠺ࠊࡑ ࡢෆᐜ⮬యࡶᅇ⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓせᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐࡋ࡚ᛂ⟅ࡋ࡚㡬࠸ ࡓ 20 ௳ࡢෆࠊᅇ⟅࡛ࡁ࡞࠸⟅࠼࡚㡬࠸ࡓ 6 ௳ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ᢸᙜ⪅ࡢ⌮⏤ࢆぢࡿࠊᨻయไࡢኚࡼࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ ኚ᭦࣭⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࡢゎయࡢࡓࡵ㸦3 ௳㸧 ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢෆᐜኚ ࡢࡓࡵ㸦1 ௳㸧 ࠊ⦾ᛁᮇࡢࡓࡵ㸦2 ௳㸧 ࠊ࠸ࡗࡓᛂ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ⟅ࡢከᐻ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ ᅇ⟅ࡀࠊ➨ 3ࠊ4 ❶࡛ศᯒࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸ 㒔ᕷ㛫ὶᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ␃ពࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢព㆑ᐇែࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ 5.2 㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡢᐇែព㆑ ࢫ࣌ࣥㅖ㒔ᕷࡢࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢᅇ⟅ࡽ㸦ὶ 5㸧ࡢᐇែ ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ┴ࡸ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕ⮬ᕞ࠸ࡗࡓỗᆅᇦⓗ࡞ ᡓ␎ィ⏬ࡸἲไᗘࡢࡶ࡛ࠊ㈈ᨻⓗ࡞ᨭࠊᕷẸཧຍࡢᙧᡂ 㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᨭࢆཷࡅ࡛⊂⮬ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢᆅ༊ᨵⰋࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ PCMB ࢆࡋࡓ㸦ὶ 6㸧ࡢᐇែࡣࠊ2009 ᖺ OIDP ࡽ⾲ᙲࡉࢀ ࡓࡇࢆࡁࡗࡅࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢ PCMB ࡣᅜ㝿 ⓗ࡞ሙ࡛▱ࡽࢀࠊ2012 ᖺࡣ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢ⊂⮬ࡢᅜ㝿 ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࡢព㆑ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ㛤ദ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸ ࡑࢀཧຍࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࡢ㛫࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ ᛶ㉁ࡸㄢ㢟ࠊᚋࡢ᪉㔪㛵ࡍࡿࣄࣥࢺࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศ ࡗࡓࠋ≉ࠊPCMB ࡢᐇᨵⰋᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥᅜ ෆࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙺ❧ࡓࡎࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝ᅜࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ㛵ಀ ࡣ㠀ᖖⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ 5.3 OIDP ࡛ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨵⰋព㆑ ᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡢᨵⰋ࣭ᬑཬࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊOIDP ࡢ⾲ᙲάືཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶ OIDP ࡛ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡳࡿࠊࡇࡢ୧⪅ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣ⊂⮬ ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸಶࠎࡢὶࢆࡶࡘࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ 5.4 㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶẸ ⩏ࡢព㆑ 㒔ᕷ⊂⮬ࡢཧຍᆺẸ⩏ࡢせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠊࢧࣥࢺ࣭࣭࣎ ⾲ 5-1 ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ⟅⤖ᯝ㸦୍㒊㸧 㻞㻙㻝㻚䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾⏦ㄳ⌮⏤ 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 㻺㼛 ⏦ㄳ㒔ᕷ 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻢㻙㻞㻢䛇 䜹䝇䝔䝹䝕 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻣㻙㻝㻢䛇 䝣䜵䝹䝇 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻤㻙㻝㻜䛇 䝃䞁䝖䞉䝣䜵䝸 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻣㻙㻝㻥䛇 䜴䞉䝸䝵䝤䝺 䜺䝑䝖 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻤㻙㻝㻞䛇 䜸䝇䝢䝍䝺 㻟❶䛾య ഴྥ䠄㻱㻸㻝㻙 㻟䠅 㻠❶䛾 ὶ㻺㼛 㻱㻸㻟 㻱㻸㻟 㻱㻸㻟 ὶ㻡 䖃 㻱㻸㻟 䇷 䖃 㻱㻸㻟 ὶ㻡 䖃 䝯䜻䝅䝁䞉䝅 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻥㻙㻝㻡䛇 䝔䜱 㻱㻸㻝 ὶ㻢 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻥㻙㻞㻝䛇 䝡䜽 㻱㻸㻟 䇷 䖃 䛣䛾㻻㻵㻰㻼䜈䛾ཧຍ䛾ሙ䛿㇏䛛䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛 䛯䜑䚹䛥䜙䛻ᕷẸཧຍ䛾⤒㦂䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛜ฟ᮶䜛䚹 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䝞䝸䜸ఫẸ㼂㼑㼏㼕㼚㼛㼟㻌䜢ㄆ㆑䛩䜛䛯䜑 䇷 䜰䜲䝕䜰䚸䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䚸▱㆑䛾ඹ᭷䛾䛯䜑䚹 䜎䛯䜹䝃䝤䝷䞁䜹ᆅ༊䛾䜲䝯䞊䝆䜢౯್䛵䛡 䜛䛯䜑䚹 䖃 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻥㻙㻝㻜䛇 䝁䝹䝗䝞 㻱㻸㻟 ὶ㻝 䖃 㻱㻸㻞 ὶ㻡 䖃 䛆㻞㻜㻝㻜㻙㻝㻝䛇 䝹䝡 㻱㻸㻟 ὶ㻡 䖃 䝃䞁䞉䝣䜵䝹 䛆㻞㻜㻝㻞㻙㻝㻡䛇 䝘䞁䝗䞉䜶䝘 䝺䝇 㻱㻸㻟 䇷 䖃 䝡䝖䝸䜰䞉䜺 䝇䝔䜲䝇 㻱㻸㻟 䇷 䖃 䖃 㼏㻚䜴䜵䝤 䝃䜲䝖 㼐㻚䝉䝭 㼑㻚䠫䠨䠠 䜈䝥䝻 䝘䞊䚸 䠬䜈䛾 䜾䝷䝮 䜲䝧䞁䝖 ཧຍ 䛾ᢞ✏ 䖃 䖃 㼒㻚䛭䛾 䠫䠨䠠䠬䛾䛣䛸䛿▱䛳䛶䛔䜛 䖃 䖃 ᡃ䚻䛾┠ⓗ䛿䚸⮬ศ䛯䛱䛾䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䜢ᗈ 䜑䚸䛭䜜䛻䜘䛳䛶ྲྀ䜚䛛䛳䛯䝥䝻䝉䝇䛻ᑐ 䛧䛶ᨭ䜢䜒䜙䛚䛖䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䛯䚹つᶍ⮬ య䛷䛒䜛䝁䝹䝗䝞䛻䛚䛡䜛ᕷẸཧຍ䛾㠉 ᪂ⓗ䛺ከᵝ䛺⤒㦂䛸䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䚹䜒䛱䜝䜣䚸 ᅜእ䛛䜙䛾ᨭ䜢㡬䛡䜛䛾䛷䛒䜜䜀䛭䜜䛿 䇷 䖃 䇷 䇷 ᅜෆ䛾⾜ᨻᶵ㛵 䇷 䖃 䇷 䇷 ᅜ㝿㆟䠖䛷䛿ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛾䛷䛝䛺䛔䚸ᵝ䚻䛺⤒㦂䛻ゐ䜜䜛䛯䜑䛾 䝷䝔䞁䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅ ᭱Ⰻ䛾ᶵ䛷䛒䜛䚹㻛㻳㼀䠖ሗ䛺䛧㻛㻮㼍㼚㼏㼛㻌㻱㼤䠖ᅜ䛾⤒㦂䜢▱䜛䛯 ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛䚸Ꮫ 䜑䛾Ⰻ䛔䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛷䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛭䛾᳨⣴䛿䛒䜎䜚ᶵ⬟ⓗ䛷 ⾡䚸⾜ᨻ䚸ᕷẸ 䛿䛺䛔䚹䜘䜚⣲᪩䛟᳨⣴䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䚸㞟䛥䜜䛯⤒㦂䜢⨨䛵䛡䜛䛣䛸 ♫௦⾲⪅ 䛜ฟ᮶䜛᪂䛯䛺᳨⣴ᡭἲ䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䜢䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䚹㻛䝉䝭䝘䞊䞉䜲䝧 䞁䝖䚸㻻㻸㻰㻼䚸㻻㼠㼞㼍㼟䠖ሗ䛺䛧 䇷 䇷 䖃 ⤒῭༴ᶵ䜢㏄䛘䜛๓䜎䛷䛿䚸⮬య䛸䛧䛶✚ ᴟⓗ䛻ཧຍ䛧䛶䛝䛯䚹⌧ᅾ䛿䛭䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚 ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔 㻻㻵㻰㻼㻌䛿䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䜔▱ぢ䜢ඹ᭷䛩䜛ሙ 䛷䛒䜚䚸䜎䛳䛯䛟ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛾ᆅᇦ 䛿䚸⮬య䛾ண⟬䛾㊊䛸䝥䝷䜲䜸䝸䝔䜱 䛜ప䛔䛣䛸䛻㉳ᅉ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹⚾䛿㻻㻵㻰㻼㻌䛾 䝯䞁䝞䞊䛸䛧䛶䛭䛾䝯䞁䝞䞊ᩘ䛸ᕷẸཧຍ 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾ᣑ䜢ᨭ䛧䛶䛔䜛 ㏆ᖺ䛾⤒῭༴ᶵ 䛻䜘䜚䚸㻻㻵㻰㻼䜈 䛾ཧຍ䛸䛴䛺䛜 䜚䜢⥔ᣢ䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛜ฟ᮶䛪䚸⌧ᅾ 䛿䛴䛺䛜䜚䛜䜋 䛸䜣䛹䛺䛔䚹 䖃 Ꮫ䛛䜙㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾タ❧䜈䛾ᵝ䚻䛺ヨ䜏䛜䛺䛥 䜜䛶䛔䛯䚹ᐇ㝿䛻㼁㻺㻯䛻䛚䛔䛶ᑠ䛥䛔䛺䛜䜙 䛭䛾⤒㦂䛜䛒䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䛭䜜௨ୖ䛾ฟ᮶䜔 ᨵⰋ䛿䛺䛔䚹 䛣䛾Ⅼ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿ᐃ䜎䛳䛯ពぢ䛿↓䛔䚹 䠄๓㏙䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䠅➨㻠ᅇ䛾ᅜ㝿㆟䛾Ⅼ 䛛䜙䛣䛾䜰䞁䜿䞊䝖䜢䜒䜙䛖䜎䛷䚸㻻㻵㻰㻼䛸䛾 䝁䞁䝍䜽䝖䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䚹 䇷 䖃 㻻㻸㻰㻼䜢▱䛳䛶䜛䚹㻻㻸㻰㻼䛿ᕷẸཧຍ䛾⤒㦂䛾 䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䚹 䖃 䖃 䖃 ᅜ㝿㆟䠖බⓗ㈨※䛾᭱㐺䛸䛔䛖ᐇ㝿ⓗ䛺ᩥ⬦䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸ぢ䜛 㻻㻵㻰㻼㻌䜈䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䛿䚸ᗈᇦ⮬ ᅜෆ䛾⾜ᨻᶵ㛵 ᚲせ䛿䛺䛔䚹㻚㻛䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䜾䝹䞊䝥䠖ᚲせ䛺䛣䛸䚹㻌㻛㻮㼍㼚㼏㼛㻌㼐㼑 య䛾ᨻ⟇ⓗ᥎㐍䛜ᇶᮏ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛 㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼑㼚㼏㼕㼍㼟䠖ᚲせ䛺䛣䛸䚹㻌㻛䝉䝭䝘䞊䞉䜲䝧䞁䝖䠖ᚲせ䛺䛣䛸䚹 䇷 䖃 䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾࿘▱䛸䛭䛾ᨵⰋ䜢Ᏻᐃ䛥䛫䜛䛣 䛸䚹 㻞㻙㻢㻚㻌㒔ᕷ䛾どⅬ䛛䜙ぢ䛯㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾ᙺ䜔ᶵ⬟䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻞㻙㻡㻚㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾ྛྲྀ⤌䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ホ౯ 䇷 㻻㻵㻰㻼䛿䛣䜜䜙䛾ᅜ䚻䠄䜾䜰䝔䝬䝷䚸䜶䝹䝃 䝹䚸䝇䜲䝇䚸䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜾䛺䛹䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯 ᜏᖖⓗ䛺䝁䞁䝍䜽䝖䜢⥔ᣢ䛧䚸㠀ᖖ䛻᫂☜ 䛺ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛾㡿ᇦ䜢ᣢ䛴䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜛䚹 㻻㻵㻰㻼䛿䛶䛾ᅜ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶㛤䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛 䛜䚸䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ᅜ䚻䠄䜾䜰䝔䝬䝷䚸䜶䝹䝃 䝹䚸䝇䜲䝇䚸䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜾䛺䛹䠅䛻䜘䛳䛶 ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䜛ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛾䝹䞊䝖䛿䚸㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾 ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛾⯆῝䛔㒊ศ䛷䛒䜛䚹㒔ᕷ 䛸䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛾άᛶ䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜜 䜀䚸㻻㻵㻰㻼䛿䚸ఏ⤫ⓗ䛻䛿㎺䜚╔䛡䛺䛛䛳 䛯ᅜ䚻䛻ྥ䛡䛶䚸䛭䛾ほ ᡤ䜢⯆䛩䜛 ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛸ᛮ䛖䚹 䛭䜜䛿ᕷẸ䛾ព㆑䛾ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䚹 䖃 䖃 㻞㻙㻠㻚㻌㻻㻵㻰㻼䜢 㻞㻙㻟㻚㻌㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᆅ ㏻䛨䛶ᙧᡂ䛥 ᇦⓗ䛺ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ព 䜜䛯ேⓗ䛺䛴 ぢ 䛺䛜䜚 䖃 䖃 䖃 䇷 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻥㻙㻞㻞䛇 䖃 䖃 㼍㻚ᅜ㝿 ㆟ 䖃 㻱㻸㻟 䜹䝍䝹䞊䝙䝱 ⮬ᕞ 䖃 㼑㻚䛭䛾 㼎㻚䝽䞊 䜻䞁䜾 䜾䝹䞊 䝥 ⏦ㄳ䛾䛺┠ⓗ䛿䚸㻼㻯㻹㻮䜢ྍど䛩䜛ᚲ せᛶ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯㻼㻯㻹㻮䛻㛵䛧 䛶䚸䛭䛾ᐇ䛻䜘䜚ᨻ⟇ⓗ䛺䚸㈈ᨻⓗ䛺බⓗ ᨭ䜢ᚓ䜛䛸䛔䛖┠ⓗ䛜䛒䛳䛯䚹䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 䠄㻼㻯㻹㻮䠅䛾ไᗘ䜒ྵ䜑䛯䚸ពᛮỴᐃ⪅䜈 䛾㛵ᚰ䜢䜃䛛䛡䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ᅜ 㝿ⓗ䛺ㄆ▱䜢ᚓ䜘䛖䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䛯䚹䝥䝻䜾䝷 䝮䠄㻼㻯㻹㻮䠅䛾⏦ㄳ䛧䛯䛸䛝䛻䛿䚸䛭䜜䜢ᨭ 䛧᥎㐍䛧ᚓ䜛㻼㻯㻹㻮䛻㛵䛩䜛䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛾 ᵓ⠏䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䛶䛔䛯䚹 䝃䞁䝖䞉䝪䜲䞉 䛆㻞㻜㻜㻥㻙㻝㻤䛇 䝕䞉䝸䝵䝤䝺 䜺䝑䝖 䛆㻞㻜㻝㻜㻙㻢䛇 㻞㻙㻞㻚㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䜈䛾ཧຍ䛾⛬ᗘ 㼐㻚ᅜ㝿 㼍㻚䝥䝻䜾䝷 㼎㻚⮬㒔ᕷ 㼏㻚㻻㻵㻰㻼䝯䞁 ㆟䛷䛾Ẹ 䝮䛾ᬑཬ 䜈䛾༠ຊ 䝞䞊䛸䛧䛶 ⩏䛻 䛸㒔ᕷ䛸 㛵䛩䜛㆟ ⪅䛾⋓ᚓ 䛾㈐ົ 䛾ὶ ㄽ 䖃 䛣䛾㒔ᕷ䛾ⱝ⪅ᨻ⟇䛿ⱝ⪅ᕷィ⏬㻼㼘㼍㼚 㻶㼛㼢㼑㼚㻌㻹㼡㼚㼕㼏㼕㼜㼍㼘䛾୰᰾䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸䛭䛾ィ ⏬䛻䛚䛔䛶䛒䜛ⱝ⪅䛾ᐇែほ ᡤ䛜タ❧䛥 䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾ほ ᡤ䛿ᵝ䚻䛺㡿ᇦ䜔ศ㔝䛾ศ ᯒ䛛䜙ཧຍ䜢ศᯒ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ྠᵝ䛻䚸ᕷẸཧ ຍほ ᡤ䛸㛵ಀ䛧䛶䚸⤌⧊ⓗ㐠ື䜔ཧຍᆺ䛾 䝥䝻䝉䝇䛺䛹ᐇ⌧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 䇷 㼑㻚Ṕྐㄆ㆑ 㼍㻚ᅜ䜢㉺䛘䛯 㼎㻚䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 㼏㻚㒔ᕷ䛾Ẹ 㼐㻚⮬ᆅᇦ䞉ᅜ 䛾ඹ᭷䛻䜘䜛 㒔ᕷ㛫䛾 ᬑཬ䜢㏻䛨䛯 ⩏䜢ぢ ᐙ䜈ᕷẸཧ ᗈᇦ䛻Ẹ ὶᶵ䛾 ᆅᇦ䛸䛾 ┤䛩ᶵ䛾 ຍ᥎㐍䛾ᚲ ⩏䜢⪃䛘䜛 ฟ 㐃ᖏᙉ ฟ せᛶ䛾ႏ㉳ ᶵ 䖃 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 㼒㻚䛭䛾 䇷 㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾㠀ᖖ䛻䛝䛺ᡂᯝ 䛾㻝䛴䛸䛧䛶䚸ᵝ䚻䛺㒔ᕷ 䛸䛾䝁䝭䝳䝙䜿䞊䝅䝵䞁䚸ᕷ Ẹཧຍ䛾⤒㦂䛾ᬑཬ䜢ྍ ⬟䛻䛧䛯䛣䛸䚹㻻㻵㻰㻼䛻䜘䛳 䛶䚸㻼㻯㻹㻮䛾▱ぢ䜢බ⾲䛥 䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䚹䜎䛯䛭 䜜䠄㻼㻯㻹㻮䛾ᡂᯝ䛾බ⾲䠅 䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ᅜ䛾⤒㦂䜢▱ 䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䚸䛛䛴㻰㻲䛾 㻼㻯㻹㻮䛾ᐇ䛸䝕䝄䜲䞁䜢 ᐇ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䛯䚹 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 ᕷẸཧຍ䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛻䜘䜛 ὶ䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛䚹䜎䛯ᖖ ែ䛧䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䜒䛾䛻᪂ 䛯䛺㢼䜢䛘䜛䚹 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 㻵㼂䛾㻻㻵㻰㻼ᅜ㝿㆟䛻䛚䛔 䛶ᡃ䚻䛾ཧຍ䛾ពぢ䛜ᥖ ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 䖃 䖃 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 䇷 ᅜෆ䛾⾜ᨻᶵ㛵 䇷 䖃 䛚䛭䜙䛟䠄㻻㻵㻰㻼䜈䛾άື䛾ᆅᇦⓗ䛺೫䜚䠅 䛿䚸㻷㼍㼘㼑㼕㼐㼛㼟㈈ᅋ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛻䛚䛡䜛ཧ ຍ䛾⤖ᯝ䛰䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹㻷㼍㼘㼑㼕㼐㼛㼟䛿㻻㻵㻰㻼䛸 ༠ാ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾㒔ᕷ䛷▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛⮬ య䛾⤫ྜ䛧䛯㈈ᅋ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䛷䛒䜚䚸 䛣䛾⤌⧊䛿䛒䜛䜶䝸䜰䛻䛚䛔䛶䜘䜚ᗈ⠊䛺 ༠ാ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹 䇷 䇷 䖃 㻮㼍㼚㼏㼛㻱㼤㼜䠖⊂⮬䛾䜰䜲䝕䜰䜔䝺䝣䜯䝺䞁䝇䛸䛧䛶᭷⏝ 䖃 䖃 䇷 ᅜ㝿㆟䠖⯆῝䛔䚹䛣䛾ሙ䛿ᐇ䜚䛾䛒䜛㛵ಀ䜢ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻛 䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䜾䝹䞊䝥㻛䠄ྠୖ䠅⯆῝䛔䚹䛣䛾ሙ䛿ᐇ䜚䛾䛒䜛㛵ಀ䜢 ฟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻚㻛㻮㼍㼚㼏㼛㻌㼐㼑㻌㼑㼤㼜㼑㼞㼕㼑㼚㼏㼕㼍㼟䠖䠄ྠୖ䠅⯆῝䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸 䜒䛳䛸ᨵၿ䛩䜉䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹䜘䜚㈨㔠䛜䛒䜜䜀䛭䜜䛿ྍ⬟䛺䛿䛪䚹 㻛㻻㻸㻰㻼䠖⯆῝䛔䛜䚸ཧຍ䛧䛶䛔䛺⮬య䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸ᨻ⟇ⓗ䛺ព 䜢ෆໟ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻛䛭䛾䠖㻻㻵㻰㻼䛾ᨵၿ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᵝ䚻䛺᪉ἲ䜢ヨ 䛧䛶䜋䛧䛔䚹⌧ᅾ䛿䛹䛖䛛䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䛜䚸㻻㻵㻰㻼䝯䞁䝞䞊䛿᪂䛯䛺㢼 䜢⋓ᚓ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛰䚹 䇷 䇷 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 ࢹ࣭ࣜࣙࣈࣞ࢞ࢵࢺࡽࠊ ࠕ㏆᥋ᛶࠊ┤᥋Ẹ⩏ࠊᶓ᩿ᛶࠊ ࢚ࣥࣃ࣓࣡ࣥࢺࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋࡲࡓ࢝ࢫࢸࣝࢹࣇ࢙ࣝࢫ 㸦ὶ 5㸧ࡢᅇ⟅ࡽࡣࠕẸ⾗ࡢࡓࡵࡢᨻᗓࡋ࡚ཎึⓗ࡞ ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ❧ࡕ࠼ࡿࡁࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋࢥࣝࢻࣂ㸦 ὶ 1㸧ࡽࡢᅇ⟅ࡽࡣࠊ㛗ࡁΏࡿ㌷⊂ࡢṔྐࡽࠊ ࠕࢥ ࣝࢻࣂࠖࡢ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿẸ⩏ࡢ౯್ࡢ㔜ࡳࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲࢆࡋࡓ Ẹ⩏ࡢඹ᭷ࡣࠊ ࠕ㒔ᕷࡢᶒྥ࠺ᕷẸ࣭Ẹ⾗㐠ືࠖ ࢆ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ௨ୖࠊOIDP ࡣ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨵⰋࡢሙ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣ OIDP ࡛ࡢὶࡢሙࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⮬㒔ᕷࡢ ᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨵⰋඹ⊂⮬ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࢆᙧᡂࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㒔ᕷ㛫ὶࠊᕷẸ ཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᨵⰋࢆྍ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᶒ ྥ࠺ᕷẸ࣭Ẹ⾗㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀ᰿ᗏ࠶ࡿࡶ ࡢ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ➨6❶ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷࡢẸ ⩏ 6.1 ᮏ❶ࡢᴫせ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢ 2 㒔ᕷ╔┠ ࡋࠊ୧㒔ᕷࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆṔྐⓗᴫ ほࡋࠊ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࡢ౯್ࡸ㔜せᛶࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࡛ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢኚ㑄ࢆࠊ≉ ࣇࣛࣥࢥ⊂యไୗ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷィ⏬ᕷẸ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿ Ṕྐඹᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⊂యไୗィ⏬ࡉࢀࡓᅵ ᆅἲᇶ࡙ࡃ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡽࣇࣛࣥࢥṚᚋࡢ⊂ᨻᶒᔂቯ௨ᚋ ࡢ㒔ᕷᅪ⥲ྜィ⏬⮳ࡿṔྐⓗኚ㑄╔┠ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ 1980 ᖺࡽࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿ୍㐃ࡢᕷ⾤ᆅ⏕ࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࣭ࣔࢹࣝࡸ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕᕞᇦࡢࣂࣜ ࢜㸦ᆅ༊㸧ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࣂࣜ࢜ἲᇶ࡙ࡃᆅ༊ᨵⰋࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ᴗࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ┴ࡢᐇࡍࡿ㒔ᕷᅪᡓ␎ィ ⏬ࡘ࠸࡚ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࡽ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶ ࡢ⮬య࠾ࡅࡿ⌧⾜ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫 ࡢὶࠊࡲࡓ OIDP ࡢពぢࢆࣄࣜࣥࢢ࣭⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡽ᫂ ࡽࡍࡿࠋ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ࡛ࡣࠊ㏆௦ᅜᐙᡂ❧௨㝆 ࡢ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢṔྐࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ≉⌧ᅾᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᆅ ༊ᨵⰋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸦PCMB㸧タ⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ 㒔ᕷẸ⾗㐠ືࡢṔྐࠊPCMB ࡢ๓㌟࠶ࡓࡿఫᏯᨵⰋࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛ Programa de Mejoramiento de Vivienda㸦PMV㸧ࠊNGO ࡸ ᕷẸ⤌⧊ࡽᥦࡉࢀࡓ PCMB ࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱࣉࠕᆅ༊ᨵⰋ⤫ ྜࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ Programa Integral de Mejoramiento del Barrio 㸦PIMB㸧ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ࠾ࡼࡧࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝࡽᢕ ᥱࡍࡿࠋ⌧⾜ࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ PCMB ࡢᇶᮏⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⤂ࡋࠊ PCMB2007 ⏦ㄳࡉࢀࡓ 139 ௳᥇ᢥ࣭ᐇࡉࢀࡓ 45 ௳ࢆᑐ㇟ࠊ♫㛤Ⓨ┬ࡽⓎ⾜ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌᭩ࠊ᥇ᢥࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⏦ㄳ᭩➼ࡢᩥ⊩ㄪᰝࢆ ⾜࠸ࠊ㐺ᐅ⾜ᨻᢸᙜ⪅㸦♫㛤Ⓨ┬ࡢ Alberto Martínez㸧ࡸᏛ ㆑⪅㸦UNAM ࡢ Lourdes Garcia ᩍᤵࠊUAM ࡢ Cristina Sanchez-Mejorada ᩍᤵ㸸࠸ࡎࢀࡶ PCMB ࡢΰᡂᑓ㛛ጤဨ⤒㦂 ⪅㸧 ࠊάືᐙ㸦UPREZ ࡢ Jaime Rello㸧 ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙ NGO ࢫࢱࢵࣇ 㸦Casa y Ciudad ࡢ Fernando AlfaroࠊCOPEVI ࡢ Josef Schulte㸧 ࡽࡢࣄࣜࣥࢢࡼࡾ⿵㊊ࡋࠊPCMB ࡢᐇ≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍ ࡿࠋୖグ⏦ㄳ᭩⌧ᆅゼၥ࠾ࡼࡧࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝࡼࡾࠊ㒔 ᕷẸ⾗㐠ື࡞࠸ࡋࡣ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ఫ⎔ቃᨵၿࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ๓ྐࡀ ࠶ࡾࠊPCMB ࡢᐇࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢཧຍࡢ⛬ᗘࡸࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ ࢺᐇࡼࡿ♫-✵㛫ⓗᙳ㡪ࡀ㧗࠸ᆅ༊ࢆ㸲ᆅ༊㑅ᐃࡋࠊ⌧ ᆅㄪᰝ࣭ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛵ࢃࡗࡓேࠎࡢࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝ ࡼࡾࠊᚑ๓ࡢ㒔ᕷẸ⾗ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸάືࡢᒚṔࡀ࠸ࣉ ࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᐇᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 6.2 ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ✵㛫ⓗࠊィ⏬ⓗ࡞᥋⥆ࢆヨࡳ ࡿࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ㒔ᕷᅪ㸦PGM㸧ࡣࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓࡼࡿࢥ࣐ࣝ࢝ ࡢタ⨨ࡼࡾࠊ⊂ᨻᶒୗ࡛ࡣ⮬యࡢ⊂⮬ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡋ࡚ࡣᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ⊂ᨻᶒୗ࠾ࡅࡿᩥⓗ ࡞ᢚᅽ⤒῭ᡂ㛗క࠺ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷᒃఫ⎔ቃࡢ ᝏࡽࠊᕷẸ㐠ືࡀᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⊂యไୗࡢ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࡛ࡣᕷẸࡢ⏕άࡢᅽ㏕ࡸᩥⓗ࡞ᢚᅽඹࠊࣂ ࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ⾤ᆅᆅ᪉㒔ᕷࡢ✵㛫ⓗࠊไᗘⓗ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆ ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⌧௦ᘓ⠏ྍ㞟ᅋ㸦GATPAC㸧 ࡸ㒔ᕷィ⏬ᐙ㞟ᅋ㸦ࢢ࣮࣏ࣝ R㸧࠸ࡗࡓᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᕷẸࡢ ༠ാࡼࡾ PGM ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࢆ ⤖ࡰ࠺ࡍࡿヨࡳࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ⊂ᨻᶒୗ࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ⊂యไᚋࡢ PERI ࡢᐇ ࡸࢫ࣌ࣥࡢẸ⩏యไࡢ⛣⾜ࠊࡲࡓḢᕞ㐃ྜࡢᆅ ᪉ศᶒྥࡅാࡁࡅࡽࠊ⮬ᕞࡢタ⨨ࡸ㒔ᕷᅪᵓ ࡋ࡚ࡢᗈᇦ⾜ᨻࡢタ❧ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ୍ࣛ㐃ࡢ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡽࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࠊࣂࣜ࢜ἲᇶ࡙ࡃ⮬య ᥦࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ㒔ᕷᅪ⾜ᨻ AMB ࡢタ❧ ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᆅ ୰ᾏ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐⓗ࡞㒔ᕷࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡣࠊᅜෆࡢ⮬య㐃ྜ ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ሙ࠾࠸࡚㒔ᕷࢆ᰾ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽẸ ⩏ࡢ⛣⾜⾜ᨻࡢศᶒࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆ≌ ᘬࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ⾜ᨻࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᕷẸࠊᩥࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡽࡼࡿ࢝ࢱ࣮ࣝࢽࣕᆅᇦࡢᩥࡸ⏕άࢆồࡵ ࡿ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧⾜ࡢ PERI ࡢ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃࡣࠊୖ⾜ ᨻࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓࡎࡶᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᨻ࣭♫ ⓗ࡞≧ἣᕥྑࡉࢀ࡞࠸⤌ࡳ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣂࣝࢭࣟ ࢼ࣭ࣔࢹࣝ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࡢྛ㒔ᕷ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᆅᇦࡢᩥ⬦ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞࠸ࡢ㒔ᕷࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡽࡢࠊ ࣔࢹࣝࡢ༢⣧࡞ᑟධࡢ༴㝤ᛶࢆ┬ࡳࡿࡇࡀ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣᣦࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6.3 ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢ PCMB ࡣࠊ40 ᖺ௦ࡼࡾ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ୖࡢ ၥ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓẸ⾗⤌⧊ࡣࠊ70 ᖺ௦ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ NGO ࡢ༠ാࡽఫᏯᨻ⟇㛵ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ᥦゝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ ࡓࠋࡇࢀࢆᚋᢲࡋࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣᅜ㐃ࡢ㛤Ⓨᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨㝆 70 ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡣ㏆㞄ఫẸ㐃ྜࢆ⤌⧊ࡋ㐠ືࢆᒎ㛤ࠊ85 ᖺࡢ 㟈⅏ࢆࡁࡗࡅࡋ࡚ࠊ⾜ᨻᕷẸࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ ᣅࡁࠊఫᏯᨵಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⮳ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊẸ⾗⤌⧊ࢆ୰ᚰ ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ᐙ NGO ࡢ༠ാࡼࡿබඹᨻ⟇ࡢไᗘⓗⓎᒎࢆᢕ ᥱࡋࡓࠋ 㒔ᕷẸ⾗㐠ື㉳ᅉࡍࡿఫᏯᨵಟࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸᆅ༊ᨵⰋࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᑡ㢠ᢞ㈨ࡼࡿఫᏯᨵⰋࠊࣉࣟ ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ⠊ᅖࢆỴࡵࡿࡇࡸఫẸࡼࡿᆅ༊ࡢデ᩿ࠊ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㈨㔠⟶⌮ࡢ⤌ࡳ ࠸ࡗࡓࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸ⊂⮬ࡢ㒔ᕷࡢཷᐜᛶࡸఫẸࡢ ㏆᥋ᛶࠊࡲࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᐇ⠊ᅖࢆỴࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ᪂つⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆぢࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋPCMB ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ᐇࡉ ࢀࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆぢࡿࠊ ࠕ㐺ษ࡞ไᗘⓗᨭࡢ⏝ࠖ ࠕ♫ ⓗ㈨※ࡢ㛤ᣅࠖ ࠕᆅᇦࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡢ㔊ᡂࠖ ࠕάືࡢ ᫂ᩥ࣭⥅ᢎࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᡭἲࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡣ PCMB ไᗘ࠾ࡅࡿ㔜せ࡞ᣦ㔪ࡋ࡚ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ 6.4 ᮏ❶ࡢࡲࡵ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࡢ౯್ࡸࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࢆࠊ㏆௦ᅜ ᐙᡂ❧௨㝆ࡢ㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢṔྐࡸ⌧ᅾࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊࡲࡓࡑࡇ ࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸ⮬యࡢὶࡘ࠸࡚ࡳ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ Ẹ⩏࠸࠺どⅬࡽ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐࢆ═ࡵࡿࠊᚲ↛ⓗᕷ Ẹࡢ⏕άࡸᩥࡢṔྐ㛵ࢃࡿ㔜せ࡞㒔ᕷィ⏬ࡢṔྐࡸ㒔ᕷ ᨻ⟇ࠊ≉ࡢ㒔ᕷࡸᆅᇦࠊᅜᐙ㛵ࢃࡿබඹᨻ⟇ࡢṔྐࢆ ぢࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᨻ⟇ࡣࠊᕷẸࡢ⏕ά⤖ࡧࡘ ࡁࠊࡲࡓ࠶ࡿࡁࡣᕷẸ࣭Ẹ⾗㐠ືࡋ࡚⾲㠃ࡋࠊᨻ⟇ ᑐࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞㌿ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋࡲࡓ㒔ᕷࡢどⅬࡽẸ⩏ ࡢṔྐࢆ═ࡵࡿࠊẸ⩏㛵ࢃࡿ㒔ᕷࡢ⠊ᅖࡣᵝࠎኚ ࡋࠊࡲࡓ࠶ࡿࡁࡣ㊥㞳ࢆ㝸࡚ࡓࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛άືࢆ⾜࠺ య㛫ࡢ┦స⏝ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ 3㸸OIDP ࡽࡳࡿẸ⩏ࡢヨࡳ 㸦1㸧 ࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖࡢᙅࡉ ᮏㄽ࡛ᐇࡋࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢᛂ⟅ࡣ 152 ࡢෆࠊࢃࡎ 22 ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝタィ⮬యࡢ ၥ㢟ࡸᑐ㇟ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᐇᖺᗘࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᨻయไࡢኚࡼࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢኚ᭦࣭⾜ᨻᶵ㛵 ࡢゎయ㸦3 ྡ㸧 ࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢෆᐜኚ࠸ࡗࡓᨻࡸ⾜ᨻࡢ ≧ἣࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿᅜ ᐙࡢἲไᗘࡸᨻࠊ⤒῭ࠊࡲࡓ⮬యࡢண⟬ࡸࣉࣛ࢜ࣜࢸ ࡢపῶࡣࠊ2010 ᖺࡢ⾲ᙲάື࠾࠸࡚ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࿘㎶㒔ᕷ ࡽࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⏦ㄳࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࠊ2011 ᖺࡣࢫ࣌ࣥ ➨7❶ ⥲ྜⓗ⪃ᐹ ᅜෆࡢ⤒῭༴ᶵࡼࡾࡑࡢάືࡀᐇࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡽ ࡶศࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊOIDP ࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊཧຍࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣྛ❶ࡢ❶⤖ࡼࡾࠊOIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡽぢࡿࠊᕷẸ ཧຍ㛵ࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ὶẸ⩏ࡢヨࡳࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ 㒔ᕷࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞άືពᛮỴᐃጤࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊ ⤒῭ࡸᨻࠊἲไᗘ࠸ࡗࡓᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ 1㸸OIDP ࡽࡳࡿ㒔ᕷࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡶせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏㄽ࡛ࡣ GIS ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊOIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ 㸦2㸧㒔ᕷయࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖྥ࠺ᙧែಶࠎ 㛵ࢃࡿࣛࢸ࣓࣭࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡢࠕ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࠖ ࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ OIDP ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡢពᚿỴᐃ⾜ື࣮࣋ࢫࡢ 㛵ࢃࡿṔྐ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ୰ኸ㞟ᶒᑐࡍࡿಙࡸ㏆ᖺࡢ㒔ᕷ ⤌⧊యࡣࠊ⤌⧊ࡋ࡚ࡣ⬤ᙅ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊཧຍࢆ⾲᫂ࡍ ぢࡽࢀࡿẸ⩏ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࡞࠾ᅜᐙⓗ࡞୰ኸ㞟ᶒ ࡿ OIDP ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ྛ㒔ᕷࡢ ࡢᨻయ㉁ⱞࡋࡴᆅᇦࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ὶ 2ࠊ3㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽᑐᢠ Ẹ⩏ࡢᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ⣔ ࡍࡿⅭࠊ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࡢ㒔ᕷࡢὶࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᩥ⬦ ิ࡛㎺ࡿࠊࡑࡢὶࡢᇶⅬࠊ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞ ࡽᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲ⊂⮬ࡢẸ⩏ࡢཎ⌮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡸ࣐ࣛ࢞ࠊࢭࣅ࣮ࢪࣕࠊ࢝ࣝࢽࢹࠊ࢚ࢡࢻࣝࡢࢡ࢚ࣥ࢝ࠊ ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢ㒔ᕷࡢᩥ⬦ࢆ㎺ࡿࠊᡓத ࣂࣛ࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ㸦4 ❶ࠊ ὶ 1-4㸧ࠋ ࡸ⊂ᨻᶒࠊ㌷ᨻᶒ࡞ࠊ㏆ᖺࡲ࡛⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓᅜᐙⓗᭀຊ ࡇࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊOIDP タ❧ᙜึࡽᢏ⾡ᮏ㒊ࢆᢸ࠺ࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼᕷ ࡼࡿⴭࡋ࠸ேᶒᐖࠊᩥⓗᢚᅽࠊᒃఫᆅࡢᙉไ㏥ཤ ࡣࠊOIDP ࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢ࿘㎶㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢ ࠸ࡗࡓᕷẸ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⌧ᅾᐇࡉ ὶࡢ㔜ᚰࡣ࿘ᅖࡢ㒔ᕷ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࣛࢸ࣓࣭ࣥࣜ࢝ ࢀࡿᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᕷẸࡢ⏕ࡁࡢࡧࡿࡓࡵࡢබඹ✵ ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲࡢᨵⰋ 㛫ࡢ⋓ᚓᩥⓗ࡞᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ⥔ᣢ࠸ࡗࡓᡓ␎ࢆᫎࡋ࡚ ࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᵝࠎ࡞୰ᚰࢆᣢࡘ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ ࠸ࡿࠋOIDP ࡢὶࡢሙ࠾ࡅࡿࠊࡇࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ ᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ぢࡓሙྜᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ✵㛫♫ࠊࡉࡽᕷẸࡢṔྐࡸᩥ⤖ࡧࡘ ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ⊂⮬ࡢ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡕࠊࡑࢀࡽయࡋ࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖᢕ ࠸ࡓᕷẸཧຍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㔜せᛶࡸ౯್ࢆほ ࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ ᥱࡋࡃ࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢഴྥ ᮶ࡿࠋ ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ OIDP ࡀᙜึࡽᵓࡋ࡚࠸ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ 2㸸OIDP ࡽࡳࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶ ࡓ┠ⓗࡸ⤌⧊యไࡋ࡚᭕࡞㒊ศࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡸࠊࣛ OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡽࠊලయⓗ࡞ 6 ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࢆᢕᥱ ࢸ࣓࣮ࣥࣜ࢝ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㛤ദࡢ⤌ࡳࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࡣࠊOIDP ࢿࢵࢺ ࡇࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ1 㒔ᕷࡋ࡚ࡣᕷẸཧ ࣮࣡ࢡࡢࠊᵝࠎ࡞⮬యࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊᏛࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍ ຍࡢᡭἲࡢᨵⰋẸ⩏ྥࡅࡓᣦ㔪ࡀලయࡋ㸦⥲ྜ⪃ ࡿ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࠊNGO ࡸ㈈ᅋ࠸ࡗࡓ㒔ᕷ㛫ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᏑ ᐹ 1㸧 ࠊࡲࡓయࡋ࡚ࡳࡓሙྜࡣࠊ✺Ⓨⓗ࡞⅏ᐖࡸᅜෆ ᅾࡼࡾලయࡍࡿࠋOIDP ࡶࡲࡓࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࠊࢧ࣭ࣥࢻࢽࠊ ໃࡢᑐᛂࢆ㒔ᕷࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୰࡛ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ ࣏ࣝࢺ࣭ࣞࢢࣞࡢ 3 㒔ᕷࡢὶࠊከᵝ࡞య㒔ᕷࡀ㛵 ୰ᚰࡑࡢ࿘ᅖࡢ㐃ᖏࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ 2㸧 ࠋࡋࡓ ࢃࡾලయⓗ࡞ᥦࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋOIDP ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕཧຍ ࡀࡗ࡚ᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ࡣࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ⬤ᙅ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࡑࡢከᵝᛶ ᆺẸ⩏ࠖࢆཝᐦᐃ⩏ࡏࡎࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡸ⤌⧊㐠Ⴀࠊάື ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ㒔ᕷࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᙧែࡑࡢࡶࡢࠊẸ⩏ ෆᐜࢆྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡢពᛮỴᐃࡸ⾜ືጤࡡࠊྛ㒔ᕷࡢከ ࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓᡭἲࢆぢฟࡏࡿࠋ ᵝᛶẸ⩏ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊከᵝ࡞యࡢཧຍࢆチ ᐜࡋ㏆ᖺ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢཧຍ㒔ᕷࡢᩘࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ OIDP ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᣑࡣࠊᕷẸཧຍࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ➨8❶ ⤖ㄽ ࡢᨵⰋඹ⮬㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ࢆぢ┤ࡍᚲせᛶࡽ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ௨ୗࢆᮏㄽࡢ⤖ㄽࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ≉࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩࢸࡢᆅ༊ᨵⰋࡢὶࡢᐇែࡽࡶ ࣭OIDP ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࠾ࡅࡿࠊྛ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮㒔ᕷࡢᕷẸཧຍࣉ ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᕷẸཧຍẸ⩏ࡢᩥࢆ⮬ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆほ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊẸ⩏ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿල 㒔ᕷ┦ᑐࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ┦㔜せࡘලయⓗ࡞ᣦ㔪ࢆᚓ యⓗ࡞ᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡸ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࣭ࢩ ࣭OIDP ࡽࡳࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᶒྥ࠺ᕷẸ ࢸࡢṔྐぢࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⊂యไࡸ㌷ᨻᶒୗ࠾࠸࡚ᅜ ࡢṔྐ᥋⥆ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢὶࡢሙࡣ㒔ᕷࡢẸ⩏ྥ 㝿♫ࡲࡓࡣᑓ㛛ᐙࡸ NGO ࡽࡢᨭࡣࠊᙜࡢἲไᗘࡸ ࠺⌧ᐇ༶ࡋࡓᡭἲࡑࡢཎ⌮ࢆฟࡋࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ ᅜᐙࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡽ㏨ࢀࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ㞟ᅋࡋ࡚Ẹ⩏ࡢᐇ⌧ ࡣࡽ࡞࠸㒔ᕷ⊂⮬ࡢὶࡢᩥ⬦ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྥ࠺ࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⌧⾜ࡢἲไᗘࡸ᪥ᖖࡢࡶࡢࡋ ࣭OIDP ࡣẸ⩏࠸࠺㒔ᕷࡢ⏕ࡁࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰⌧ࢀ ࡚ཷࡅྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍどⓗ࡞ᨻᩥࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ✺Ⓨⓗ࡞⅏ ࡿሙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㒔ᕷࡑࢀ⮬యࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᐖᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࣂࣝࢭࣟࢼࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊOIDP ࡢẸ⩏ࡢヨࡳࢆࠊලయⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ 㛫ࡢὶࡸ࣐ࣛ࢞ࠊࢸࣞ࢜ࠊࣃࢧࣥࢻ࠸ࡗࡓ␗࡞ࡿ 㛵ࢃࡿయࡼࡿ㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢὶࡸᕷẸཧຍࡢᡭἲࡢᨵၿ࠸ ᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘయ㛫ࡢὶࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿ㸦4 ❶ࠊὶ 4㸧 ࠋ ࡗࡓάືࡸᣦ㔪ࡋ࡚ᐇែⓗᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋ 㻌
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