モ
͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ Κ
∠ゼ
∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ
る∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ
(121. And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at
t heir st at ions for t he bat t le (of Uhud). And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (122. When t wo
part ies from among you were about t o lose heart , but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and
Prot ect or). And in Allah should t he believers put t heir t rust .) (123. And Allah has already made
you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force. So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may
be grat eful.)
The Battle of Uhud
According t o t he maj orit y of scholars, t hese Ayat are describing t he bat t le of Uhud, as Ibn
` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers said. The bat t le of Uhud occurred on a
Sat urday, in t he mont h of Shawwal on t he t hird year of Hij rah. ` Ikrimah said t hat Uhud
occurred in t he middle of t he mont h of Shawwal, and Allah knows best .
The Reason Behind the Battle of Uhud
The idolat ors suffered many casualt ies among t heir noble men at t he bat t le of Badr. The
caravan t hat Abu Sufyan led (before Badr) ret urned safely t o Makkah, prompt ing t he remaining
Makkan leaders and t he children of t hose who were killed at Badr t o demand from Abu Sufyan
t o, "Spend t his money on fight ing Muhammad!'' Consequent ly, t hey spent t he money from t he
caravan on warfare expenses and mobilized t heir forces including t he Ahabish t ribes (t ribes
living around t he cit y). They gat hered t hree t housand soldiers and marched unt il t hey camped
near Uhud facing Al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah led t he Friday prayer and when he
finished wit h it , he performed t he funeral prayer for a man from Bani An-Naj j ar called Malik
bin ` Amr. The Prophet t hen asked t he Muslims for advice, if t hey should march t o meet t he
disbelievers, or fort ify t hemselves in Al-Madinah. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy (t he chief hypocrit e)
advised t hat t hey should remain in Al-Madinah, saying t hat if t he disbelievers lay siege t o AlMadinah, t he siege would be great ly disadvant ageous t o t hem. He added t hat if t hey decide t o
at t ack Al-Madinah, it s men would face off wit h t hem, while women and children could t hrow
rocks at t hem from above t heir heads; and if t hey decide t o ret urn t o Makkah, t hey would
ret urn wit h failure. However, some companions who did not at t end t he bat t le of Badr advised
t hat t he Muslims should go out t o Uhud t o meet t he disbelievers.
The Messenger of Allah went t o his home, put on his shield and came out . The companions
were weary t hen and said t o each ot her, "Did we compel t he Messenger of Allah t o go out '' They
said, "O Messenger of Allah! If you wish, we will remain in Al-Madinah. '' The Messenger of Allah
said,
ヴｚわェ
∠ ノ∠ ィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほャ∠ ザ
∠ ら͡ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヶ
∠ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ヮ∠ャ ぶ
⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠
(It is not for a Prophet t o wear his shield for war t hen lay down his arms before Allah decides in
his favor.)
The Messenger of Allah marched wit h a t housand of his Companions. When t hey reached t he
Shawt area, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy went back t o Al-Madinah wit h a t hird of t he army, claiming he
was angry t he Prophet did not list en t o his advice. He and his support ers said, "If we knew t hat
you would fight t oday, we would have accompanied you. However, we do not t hink t hat you
will fight t oday.'' The Messenger of Allah marched unt il he reached t he hillside in t he area of
Uhud, where t hey camped in t he valley wit h Mount Uhud behind t hem. The Messenger of Allah
said,
«メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほル∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
ｚ ヤ∠ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
(No one st art s fight ing unt il I issue t he command t o fight .)
The Messenger prepared his forces for bat t le, and his army was seven hundred men. He
appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr, from Bani ` Amr bin ` Awf, t o lead t he archers who were fift y
men. The Prophet said t o t hem,
∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ リ
ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅｚレハ
∠ モ
∠ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥エツ
∠ ∇ルや»
∩ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚレャや ろ
͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
«ユ⊥ムル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや ゅ∠レヘ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠
(Keep t he horsemen away from us, and be aware t hat we might be at t acked from your
direct ion. If vict ory was for or against us, remain in your posit ions. And even if you see us being
picked up by birds, do not abandon your posit ions.)
The Prophet wore t wo prot ect ive shields and gave t he flag t o Mus` ab bin ` Umayr of Bani ` Abd
Ad-Dar. The Prophet also allowed some young men t o part icipat e in fight ing, but not ot hers,
whom he allowed t o part icipat e in t he bat t le of Al-Khandaq t wo years lat er. The Quraysh
mobilized t heir forces of t hree t housand men wit h t wo hundred horsemen on each flank. They
appoint ed Khalid bin Al-Walid t o lead t he right side of t he horsemen and ` Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl
on t he left side. They also gave t heir grand flag t o t he t ribe of Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar. Allah willing,
we will ment ion t he det ails of t his bat t le lat er on, if Allah wills. Allah said here,
ギ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ
∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ
∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ
∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びメ
͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡
(And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir
st at ions for t he bat t le) 3:121 , designat ing t hem t o various posit ions, dividing t he army t o t he
left and right sides and placing t hem wherever you command t hem.
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower), He hears what you say and knows what you conceal in
your heart s. Allah said next ,
びΚ
∠ ゼ
∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ
͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ,) 3:122 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Ayah,
びΚ
∠ ゼ
∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ
͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ) was revealed about us, t he t wo
Muslim t ribes of Bani Harit hah and Bani Salamah. I (or we) would not be pleased if it was not
revealed, because Allah said in it ,
びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and Prot ect or)) 3:122 .''
Muslim recorded t his Hadit h from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah.
Reminding the Believers of Their Victory at Badr
Allah said,
びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr,) 3:123 meaning, during t he bat t le of
Badr, which occurred on a Friday, t he sevent eent h of Ramadan, in t he second year of Hij rah.
The day of Badr is known as Yawm Al-Furqan t he Day of t he Clarificat ion , by which Allah
gave vict ory and dominance t o Islam and it s people and disgraced and dest royed Shirk, even
t hough t he Muslims were few. The Muslims numbered t hree hundred and t hirt een men, wit h
t wo horses and sevent y camels. The rest were foot soldiers wit hout enough supplies for t he
bat t le. The enemy army consist ed of nine hundred t o a t housand men, having enough shields
and supplies, bat t le-ready horses and even various adornment s.
However, Allah gave vict ory t o His Messenger , support ed His revelat ion, and illuminat ed
success on t he faces of t he Prophet and his following. Allah also brought disgrace t o Shayat an
and his army. This is why Allah reminded His believing servant s and pious part y of t his favor,
びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force), cwhen
you were few t hen. This Ayah reminds t hem t hat vict ory is only from Allah, not because of a
large army and adequat e supplies. This is why Allah said in anot her Ayah,
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ リ
͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇クま͡ リ
∃ ∇Βレ∠ ェ
⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠
(. .and on t he day of Hunayn (bat t le) when you rej oiced at your great number, but it availed
you naught ) 9:25 , unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) 9:27 .
Badr is an area bet ween Makkah and Al-Madinah and is known by t he well t hat bears it s name,
which in t urn was so named aft er Badr bin An-Narayn, t he person who dug t he well.
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ
(So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be grat ef ul.) 3:123 , means, fulfill t he obligat ions of
His obedience.
∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - リ
∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ョあ フ
∃ Ι
∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ
∠ ん∠ よ͡
∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ
∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ
∠ ョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ョあ フ
∃ Ιや∠￢ る͡ ジ
∠ ∇ヨガ
∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠
ノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや
リ
∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや リ
∠ ョあ ゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ
∠
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥
ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ
⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡
(124. (Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord
should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent down'') (125. "But , if you hold on t o pat ience
and have Taqwa, and t he enemy comes rushing at you; your Lord will help you wit h five
t housand angels having marks (of dist inct ion).'') (126. Allah made it not but as a message of
good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s. And t here is no vict ory except from
Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) (127. That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve,
or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire frust rat ed.) (128. Not for you is t he decision;
whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem; verily, t hey are t he
wrongdoers.) (129. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.
He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most
Merciful.)
The Support of the Angels
The scholars of Tafsir differ over whet her t he promise cont ained in t hese Ayat referred t o t he
bat t le of Badr or Uhud. The First View
There are t wo opinions about t his, one of t hem saying t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
((Remember) when you said t o t he believers) 3:124 , is relat ed t o His st at ement ,
びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr) 3:123 .
This was report ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several
ot hers, Ibn Jarir also agreed wit h t his opinion. ` Abbad bin Mansur said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat
Allah's st at ement ,
∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
びる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ョあ フ
∃ Ι
∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ
∠ ん∠ よ͡
((Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord should
help you wit h t hree t housand angels'') 3:124 , is about t he bat t le of Badr; Ibn Abi Hat im also
recorded t his st at ement .
Ibn Abi Hat im t hen report ed t hat ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi said, "On t he day of Badr, t he Muslims
received informat ion t hat Kurz bin Jabir (a prominent t ribe chief) was aiding t he idolat ors, and
t his news was hard on t hem, so Allah revealed;
リ
∠ ョあ フ
∃ Ι
∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ
∠ ん∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや
("Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord (Allah) should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent
down''), unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(having marks (of dist inct ion)) 3:124,125 .
The news of t he defeat of t he idolat ors at Badr reached Kurz and he did not reinforce t hem,
and t hus, Allah did not reinforce t he Muslims wit h t he five (t housands of angels).''
As for Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, he said, "Allah support ed t he Muslims wit h one t housand (angels),
t hen t he number reached t hree t housand, t hen five t housand.'' If one asks, according t o t his
opinion, how can we combine bet ween t his Ayah and Allah's st at ement about Badr,
∇ユミ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ョ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ョあ ブ
∃ ∇ャほ∠よ͡
((Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): "I will help you
wit h a t housand angels, each behind t he ot her (f ollowing one anot her) in succession.'') 8:9 ,
unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ムェ
∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ぴ
(Verily! Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise) We say t hat t he one t housand ment ioned here does not
cont radict t he t hree t housand ment ioned in t he above Ayah 3:124 . The word "in succession''
means t hey follow each ot her and t hus indicat es t hat t housands more will follow t hem. The
t wo Ayat above 8:9 and 3:124 are similar in meaning and it appears t hat t hey bot h were
about t he bat t le of Badr, because t he angels did fight in t he bat t le of Badr, as t he evidence
indicat es. Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ
(But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa,) 3:125 means, if you observe pat ience while
fight ing t he enemy, all t he while fearing Me and obeying My command. Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ArRabi` and As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey will come rushing) means, t hey (angels) will rush t o you inst ant aneously. Al-` Awfi
said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "All at once''. It is also said t hat it means,
before t heir anger subsides (against t he disbelievers). The Second View
The second opinion st ipulat es t hat t he promise ment ioned here
part icipat ing in bat t le is relat ed t o Allah's st at ement ,
concerning t he angels
ギ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ
∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ
∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ
∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びメ
͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡
(And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir
st at ions for t he bat t le) of Uhud. However, we should add, t he angels did not come t o t he aid of
Muslims at Uhud, because Allah made it condit ional,
び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ
(But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa) 3: 125 .
The Muslims were not pat ient at Uhud. Rat her, t hey ran away and, consequent ly, did not
receive t he support of even one angel.
Allah's st at ement ,
る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ョあ フ
∃ Ιや∠￢ る͡ ジ
∠ ∇ヨガ
∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ
∠ ョ⊥
(your Lord will help you wit h five t housand angels having marks), of dist inct ion.
Abu Ishaq As-Subay` i said; from Harit hah bin Mudarrib said t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The
angels were dist inguished by wearing whit e wool at Badr.'' The angels also had special markings
dist inguishing t heir horses.
Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡
(Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s)
3:126 .
This Ayah means, "Allah sent down angels and t old you about t heir descent t o encourage you
and t o comfort and reassure your heart s. You should know t hat vict ory only comes from Allah
and t hat if He willed, He would have defeat ed your enemy wit hout you having t o fight t hem.''
For inst ance, Allah said aft er commanding t he believers t o fight ,
ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∂ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヂ
∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ
͡ Α⊥
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ
∠ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャや
(But if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you).
But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers. But t hose who are killed in t he
way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost . He will guide t hem and set right t heir st at e.
And admit t hem t o Paradise which He has made known t o t hem) 47:4-6 .
This is why Allah said here,
∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡
(Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s.
And t here is no vict ory except from Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise) 3:126 .
This Ayah means, "Allah is t he Almight y Whose power can never be undermined, and He has t he
perfect wisdom in His decrees and in all His decisions.'' Allah said,
び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや リ
∠ ョあ ゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ
∠ ノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve,) 3:127 meaning, out of His wisdom, He
commands you t o perform Jihad and t o fight .
Allah t hen ment ions t he various consequences of performing Jihad against t he disbelievers. For
inst ance, Allah said,
びゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ
∠ ノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(That He might cut off a part ...) meaning, t o cause a part of a nat ion t o perish,
び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや リ
∠ ョあ ぴ
(of t hose who disbelieve, or expose t hem t o infamy,) by disgracing t hem and forcing t hem t o
ret urn wit h only t heir rage, having failed in t heir aim t o harm you. This is why Allah said next ,
び∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire) t o go back t o t heir land,
びリ
∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カぴ
(frust rat ed) wit hout achieving t heir aims.
Allah t hen ment ions a st at ement t hat t est ifies t hat t he decision in t his life and t he Hereaft er is
for Him Alone wit hout part ners,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision) 3:128
meaning, "The mat t er is all in My Hand.'' Allah also said,
びゆ
⊥ ゅ∠ジエ
͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ
(your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) 13:40 , and,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ
ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ やギ∠ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.) 2:272 , and,
リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ
ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ
∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι
∠ マ
∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠
(Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills) 28: 56 .
Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision;), means, "No part of t he decision regarding My servant s is yours,
except what I command you.'' Allah t hen ment ions t he rest of t he consequences of Jihad,
び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(whet her He pardons t hem) concerning t he act s of disbelief t hat t hey commit , t hus delivering
t hem from misguidance t o t he guidance.
び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or punishes t hem;) in t his life and t he Hereaft er because of t heir disbelief and errors,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ
(verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers), and t hus, t hey deserve such a fat e.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat , Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he
Messenger of Allah saying -- when he raised his head from bowing in t he second unit of t he Faj r
prayer -- "O Allah! Curse so-and-so,'' aft er saying; Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa
lakal-Hamd. Thereaft er, Allah revealed t his Ayah,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision;) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
∩∃ュゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ
∠ ∇よ ゐ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや リ
͡ バ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
ラ
∠ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ
∠ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヱ∃ゲ∇ヨハ
∠ リ
∠ ∇よ モ
∠ ∇Βヰ∠ シ
⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや
«るｚΒョ∠ ぺ⊥ リ
∠ ∇よ
(O Allah! Curse so-and-so. O Allah! Curse Al-Harit h bin Hisham. O Allah! Curse Suhayl bin ` Amr.
O Allah! Curse Safwan bin Umayyah.)
Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed;
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや リ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥
(Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem;
verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers) 3:128 .
All t hese persons were pardoned (aft er t hey embraced Islam lat er on).
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat when Allah's Messenger would supplicat e
against or for someone, he would do so when he was finished bowing and saying; Sami` Allahu
Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa lakal-Hamd. He would t hen say, (t he Qunut )
ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ
∠ ∇よ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ギΒ͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ ∇よ ギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや ア
͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
リ
∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠るバ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇よ ス
∠ ゅｚΒハ
∠ ヱ∠
∩∠ゲツ
∠ ョ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ マ
∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠∇デヱ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
«ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ヶ͡レジ
͡ ミ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レシ
͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ
(O Allah! Save Al-Walid bin Al-Walid, Salamah bin Hisham, ` Ayyash bin Abi Rabi` ah and t he
weak and t he helpless people among t he fait hful believers. O Allah! Be hard on t he t ribe of
Mudar and let t hem suffer from years of famine like t hat of t he t ime of Yusuf. )
He would say t his supplicat ion aloud. He somet imes would supplicat e during t he Dawn prayer,
"O Allah! Curse so-and-so (persons),'' ment ioning some Arab t ribes. Thereaft er, Allah revealed,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision.)
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hamid and Thabit said t hat , Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet was
inj ured during t he bat t le of Uhud and said,
«∨∇ユヰ⊥ Βｚ ら͡ ル∠ やヲぁイセ
∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
(How can a people achieve success aft er having inj ured t heir Prophet )
Thereaft er,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision,) was revealed.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat , t he Prophet 's front t oot h was broken during t he
bat t le of Uhud and he also sust ained inj uries on his forehead unt il blood dripped on his face.
The Prophet said,
∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ や∠グワ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
«∨ｚモィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴャ͡ま
(How can a people achieve success aft er having done t his t o t heir Prophet who is calling t hem
t o t heir Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored) Allah revealed,
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや リ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥
(Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardons) t hem or punishes t hem;
verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers.) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h.
Allah t hen said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
(And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he Eart h.) 3:129 , everyt hing
is indeed t he propert y of Allah and all are servant s in His Hand.
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ
⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ
(He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills.) for His is t he decision and none can
resist His decision. Allah is never asked about what He does, while t hey will be asked,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ る⇔ ヘ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツョぁ
メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ
͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや
∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ
∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠
∇れギｚ ハ
͡ ぺ⊥ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ れ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ る∃ レｚ ィ
∠ ヱ∠
͡￢へｚゲツ
ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へｚゲジ
ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ
∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ サ
͡ ゅｚレャや リ
͡ハ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ ナ
∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ Β͡ヨヌ
͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ
∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥
∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠
ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ
͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠
リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠
リ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(130. O you who believe! Do not consume Riba doubled and mult iplied, but fear Allah t hat you
may be successful.) (131. And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers.) (132. And
obey Allah and t he Messenger t hat you may obt ain mercy.) (133. And march fort h in t he way
(which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he
eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (134. Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in
prosperit y and in adversit y, who repress anger, and who pardon men; verily, Allah loves t he
Muhsinin (t he good-doers).) (135. And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah
(immoral sin) or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir
sins; and none can forgive sins but Allah, and do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done,
while t hey know.) (136. For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h
rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise), wherein t hey shall abide forever. How excellent is t his
reward for t he doers (of good).)
Interest (Riba) is Prohibited
Allah prohibit s His believing servant s from dealing in Riba and from requiring int erest on t heir
capit al, j ust as t hey used t o do during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. For inst ance, when t he t ime t o
pay a loan comes, t he credit or would say t o t he debt or, "Eit her pay now, or t he loan will incur
int erest .'' If t he debt or asks for deferment of t he loan, t he credit or would require int erest and
t his would occur year aft er year unt il t he lit t le capit al becomes mult iplied many t imes. Allah
also commands His servant s t o have Taqwa of Him so t hat t hey may achieve success in t his life
and t he Hereaft er. Allah also t hreat ens t hem wit h t he Fire and warns t hem against it , saying,
∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ
͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ
∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers. And obey Allah and t he Messenger
t hat you may obt ain mercy.) 3:131,132 .
The Encouragment to Do Good for which Paradise is the Result
Allah encourages His servant s t o perform right eous deeds and t o rush t o accomplish t he act s of
obedience. Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ る∃ レｚ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ
͡ ぺ⊥ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ れ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや
(And march fort h in t he way (which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as
wide as t he heavens and t he eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious)) 3:133 .
Just as t he Fire was prepared for t he disbelievers. It was report ed t hat t he meaning of Allah's
st at ement ,
びチ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ れ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ぴ
(as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h) draws t he at t ent ion t o t he spaciousness of Paradise. For
inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah, while describing t he couches of Paradise,
びベ
∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡もべ∠ト∠よぴ
(lined wit h silk brocade) 55:54 , so what about t heir out er covering It was also said t hat
Paradise is as wide as it s lengt h, because it is a dome under t he Throne. The widt h and lengt h
of a dome or a circle are t he same in dist ance. This is support ed by what is found in t he Sahih;
ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャや ぶ
∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ や∠クま͡»
ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ
ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ
∠ ∇ャや テ
⊥シ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ
«リ∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ボシ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ
∠ ∇ャや
(When you ask Allah for Paradise, ask Him for Al-Firdaws which is t he highest and best part of
Paradise. From it originat e t he rivers of Paradise, and above it is t he Throne of t he Most
Beneficent (Allah).)
This Ayah 3:133 above is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Hadid,
ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ る∃ レｚ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シぴ
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや チ
͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠
(Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord (Allah), and Paradise
t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 .
Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and
asked him, about Allah's st at ement ,
びチ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ れ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ る∃ レｚ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he Eart h) 3:133 ; "Where is t he Fire t hen'' The Prophet
said,
リ
∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ
∠ ｚモミ⊥ ザ
∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クま͡ モ
∠ ∇Βヤｚャや ろ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠»
«∨⊥ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや
(When t he night comes, it overt akes everyt hing, so where is t he day) The man said, "Where
Allah want s it t o be.'' The Prophet said,
«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ
⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ »
(Similarly, t he Fire is where Allah want s it t o be.) This Hadit h has t wo possible meanings. First ,
when we do not see t he night during t he day, t his does not mean t hat t he day is not
somewhere else, even t hough we cannot see it . Such is t he case wit h Hell-fire, for it is where
Allah want s it t o be. The second meaning is t hat when t he day overcomes t his part of t he
world, t he night overt akes t he ot her part . Such is t he case wit h Paradise, for it is in t he ut most
height s above t he heavens and under t he Throne. The widt h of Paradise is, as Allah st at ed,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ
ｚ ャや チ
͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 .
The Fire, on t he ot her hand, is in t he lowest of lows. Therefore, Paradise being as wide as t he
heavens and Eart h does not cont radict t he fact t hat t he Fire exist s wherever Allah wills it t o
be.
Allah said, while describing t he people of Paradise,
び͡￢へｚゲツ
ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へｚゲジ
ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
(Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in prosperit y and in adversit y) 3:134 , in hard t imes and
easy t imes, while act ive (or ent husiast ic) and ot herwise, healt hy or ill, and in all condit ions,
j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,
や６ゲシ
͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ
͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びる⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ
∠ハ
∠ ヱ∠
(Those who spend t heir wealt h (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public)
2:274 These believers are never dist ract ed from obeying Allah, spending on what pleases
Him, being kind t o His servant s and t heir relat ives, and ot her act s of right eousness. Allah said,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや リ
͡ハ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャやヱ∠ ナ
∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ Β͡ヨヌ
͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(who repress anger, and who pardon men;) 3:134 for when t hey are angry, t hey cont rol t heir
anger and do act upon it . Rat her, t hey even forgive t hose who hurt t hem. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ヵ͡グャｚや ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ
ｚ ャや リ
ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡るハ
∠ ゲ∠ ダ
ぁ ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ
ｚ ャや ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠»
«ょ∠ツピ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠
(The st rong person is not he who is able t o physically overcome people. The st rong person is he
who overcomes his rage when he is angry.)
This Hadit h is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat
t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ͡ ぶ
⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ノ∠ ッ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲジ
͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ∠ ヌ
∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よゲ∠ よ͡ ∀ラ∇ゴ∠ェ る͡ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャや モ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ
∠ ウ
͡ ∇Βプ∠
ヶ
∠ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ギ⊥ Β͡バジ
ｚ ャや∠ヱ .り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ヰジ
∠ よ͡ ∀モ∇ヰ∠シ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠
る͡ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ
͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ
ぁ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや
ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ
͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∀ギ∇らハ
∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ͡ヌ∇ム∠Α ナ
∃ ∇Βビ
∠
«ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヲィ
∠
(He who gives t ime t o a debt or or forgives him, t hen Allah will save him from t he heat of
Jahannam (Hell-fire). Behold! The deeds of Paradise are difficult t o reach, for t hey are on t op
of a hill, while t he deeds of t he Fire are easy t o find in t he lowlands. The happy person is he
who is saved from t he t est s. Verily, t here is no dose of anyt hing bet t er t o Allah t han a dose of
rage t hat t he servant cont rols, and whenever t he servant of Allah cont rols it , he will be
int ernally filled wit h fait h.)
This Hadit h was recorded by Imam Ahmad, it s chain of narrat ion is good, it does not cont ain
any disparraged narrat ors, and t he meaning is good.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sahl bin Mu` adh bin Anas said t hat his fat her said t hat t he
Messenger of Allah said,
ロ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇Βビ
∠ ユ∠ ヌ
∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ヵ
あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Βあ ガ
∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ペ
͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ
∠ ∇ャや サ
͡ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ぶ
⊥ や
«￢ゅ∠セ ケ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや
(Whoever cont rolled rage while able t o act upon it , t hen Allah will call him while all creat ion is
a wit ness, unt il He gives him t he choice of any of t he Huris (fair females wit h wide, lovely eyes
- as mat es for t he pious) he wishes.)
Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi said was "Hasan
Gharib''.
Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ
∠ツ
∠ ∇プぺ∠ る∃ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ネ
∠ ゲｚ イ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ぶや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ
∠ ミ∠ ナ
∃ ∇Βビ
∠ る͡ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠
(There is not a dose of anyt hing t hat t he servant t akes which is bet t er t han a dose of cont rol of
rage t hat he feels, when he does it seeking Allah's Face.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed
t his Hadit h.
Allah said,
びナ
∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ
∠ Β͡ヨヌ
͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(who repress anger) meaning, t hey do not sat isf y t heir rage upon people. Rat her, t hey refrain
from harming t hem and await t heir rewards wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah
t hen said,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや リ
͡ハ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and who pardon men;) They forgive t hose who t reat t hem wit h inj ust ice. Therefore, t hey do
not hold any ill feelings about anyone in t heir heart s, and t his is t he most excellent conduct in
t his regard. This is why Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(verily, Allah loves t he Muhsinin (t he good-doers)).
This good conduct is a t ype of Ihsan excellence in t he religion . There is a Hadit h t hat reads,
∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョ ゾ
∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ :リ
ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ユ⊥ ジ
͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を»
ぶ
͡ ノ∠ ッ
∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ
͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
«ぶや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠
(I swear regarding t hree mat t ers: no charit y shall ever decrease t he wealt h; whenever one
forgives people, t hen Allah will magnify his honor; and he who is humble for Allah, t hen Allah
will raise his rank.)
Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠
(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil,
remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins) 3:135 .
Therefore, if t hey commit an error t hey follow it wit h repent ance and ask forgiveness. Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ
⊥ ∇らル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ
あ ケ∠ :メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ
∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ラ
ｚ ま͡»
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ͡ヨハ
∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ :モ
ｚィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ や メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
れ
⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よ∠ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠
ろ
⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ
あ ケ∠ :メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡
ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ
∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ
∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠
∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ
⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ
あ ケ∠ :メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ｚユを⊥
ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ
∠ :モ
ｚィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やメ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ
⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ
あ ケ∠ :メ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ｚユを⊥
ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ
∠ :モ
ｚィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やメ
∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
∇ギホ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
«￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ
⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ
∠
(A man once commit t ed an error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah
said, ` My servant commit t ed an error and knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for
t he error. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I
commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who
forgives or punishes for t he sin. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error
and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he
has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. I have forgiven my servant .' He t hen
commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said,
` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. Bear wit ness t hat I
have forgiven My servant , so let him do what ever he likes.') A similar narrat ion was collect ed in
t he Sahih.
` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I was t old t hat when t he Ayah,
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠
(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil,
remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins,) was revealed, Iblis (Shayat an) cried.'' Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and none can forgive sins but Allah), means t hat none except Allah forgives sins. t Allah said,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ
͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done, while t hey know), for t hey repent from
t heir error, ret urn t o Allah before deat h, do not insist on error, and if t hey err again, t hey
repent from it . Allah said here,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(while t hey know) Muj ahid and ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr comment ed, "Whoever
repent s, t hen Allah will forgive him.'' Similarly, Allah said,
びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リハ
∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ
⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
(Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s) 9:104 , and,
ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ
͡ Α∠
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find
Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 4: 110 and t here are several examples similar t o t his
Ayah.
Next , Allah said aft er t his descript ion,
び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord) 3:136 , as a reward for t hese qualit ies,
ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ぴ
びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘや
(forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise)) carrying
all kinds of drinks,
びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ
(wherein t hey shall abide forever) and ever,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(How excellent is t his reward for t he doers) Allah praises Paradise in t his part of t he Ayah.
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ∀リ∠レシ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
∀ラゅ∠Β∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - リ
∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヌ
∠ハ
͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレヤあャ
ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ
∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ
ｘ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ
ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡ま - リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャや リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅヰ∠ ャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ
ｘやマ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ
ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ∠ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや
ペ
∠エ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゾ
∠ エ
あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや
∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ れ
∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ
∠ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠
(137. Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced by nat ions (believers and
disbelievers) t hat have passed away before you, so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was
t he end of t hose who denied.) (138. This is a plain st at ement for mankind, a guidance and
inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin.) (139. So do not become weak, nor be sad, and you will be
t riumphant if you are indeed believers.) (140. If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar
wound has t ouched t he ot hers. And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns, t hat Allah
may know (t est ) t hose who believe, and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you. And Allah
likes not t he wrongdoers.) (141. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe and dest roy t he
disbelievers.). (142. Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose
of you who performed Jihad and knows (t est s) t hose who are pat ient ) (143. You did indeed
wish for deat h before you met it . Now you have seen it openly wit h your own eyes.)
The Wisdom Behind the Losses Muslims Suffered During Uhud
Allah st at es t o His believing servant s who suffered losses in t he bat t le of Uhud, including
sevent y dead,
び∀リ∠レシ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
(Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced before you), for t he previous nat ions who
followed t heir Prophet s before you, t hey t oo suffered losses. However, t he good end was
t heirs, and t he ult imat e defeat was for t he disbelievers. This is why Allah said,
る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was t he end of t hose who denied). Allah said next ,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ∀ラゅ∠Β∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ
(This is a plain st at ement for mankind), meaning, t he Qur'an explains t he t rue realit y of t hings
and narrat es how t he previous nat ions suffered by t he hands of t heir enemies.
びる∀ ヌ
∠ハ
͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And a guidance and inst ruct ion) for t he Qur'an cont ains t he news of t he past , and,
びン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ
(guidance) for your heart s,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ
∠ハ
͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin) t o discourage commit t ing t he prohibit ed and forbidden
mat t ers. Allah comfort s t he believers by saying,
び∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(So do not become weak), because of what you suffered,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ
∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ
ｘ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor be sad, and you will be t riumphant if you are indeed believers), for surely, t he ult imat e
vict ory and t riumph will be yours, O believers.
びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ
ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar wound has t ouched t he ot hers) 3:140 .
Therefore, t he Ayah says, if you suffered inj uries and some of you were killed, t hen your
enemies also suffered inj uries and fat alit ies.
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ
ｘやマ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns) , and at t imes -- out of wisdom -- We allow
t he enemy t o overcome you, alt hough t he final good end will be yours.
び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat Allah may know (t est ) t hose who believe,) meaning, "So t hat We find out who would
be pat ient while fight ing t he enemies,'' according t o Ibn ` Abbas.
び￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ∠ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you) t hose who would be killed in Allah's cause and
gladly offer t heir lives seeking His pleasure.
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゾ
∠ エ
あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
(And Allah likes not t he wrongdoers. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe) 3:140,141 ,
by forgiving t hem t heir sins if t hey have any. Ot herwise, Allah will raise t heir grades according
t o t he losses t hey suffered. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ペ
∠エ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and dest roy t he disbelievers), for it is t heir conduct t hat if t hey gain t he upper hand, t hey
t ransgress and commit aggression. However, t his conduct only leads t o ult imat e dest ruct ion,
ext erminat ion, perishing and dying out .
Allah t hen said,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ
(Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will
perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 .
The Ayah asks, do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout being t est ed wit h warfare and
hardships Allah said in Surat Al-Baqarah,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや モ
⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
￢⊥ へｚゲツ
ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ
∠
び∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠
(Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed
away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken. ..)
2:214 . Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
∠ ゆ
⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ
(Alif Lam Mim. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and
will not be t est ed) 29:1,2 , This is why He said here,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ
(Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will
perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 meaning, you will
not earn Paradise unt il you are t est ed and t hus Allah knows who among you are t he ones who
st ruggle and fight in His cause and are pat ient in t he face of t he enemy. Allah said,
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ れ
∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ
∠ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠
(You did indeed wish for deat h (mart yrdom) before you met it . Now you have seen it openly
wit h your own eyes) 3:143 .
The Ayah proclaims, O believers! Before t oday, you wished t hat you could meet t he enemy and
were eager t o fight t hem. What you wished has occurred, so fight t hem and be pat ient .
In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ぶ
∠ や やヲ⊥ヤシ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩あヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
ろ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャや ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠
«フヲ⊥Βジ
ぁ ャや メ
͡ ゅ∠ヤニ
͡
(Do not wish t o encount er t he enemy, and ask Allah for your well-being. However, if you do
encount er t hem, t hen observe pat ience and know t hat Paradise is under t he shade of swords.)
This is why Allah said here,
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(Now you have seen it ): deat h, you saw it when t he swords appeared, t he blades were
sharpened, t he spears crisscrossed and men st ood in lines for bat t le. This part of t he Ayah
cont ains a figure of speech t hat ment ions imagining what can be felt but not seen.
モ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ
∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ
∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ
ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α
Ι
ｚ ま͡ れ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ
⇔ィ
ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡
ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ
ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠
モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡
ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ゅ∠レよｚ ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや
ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ
⊥ ルやヱ
ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや ゆ
͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ
∠ ∇ジェ
⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(144. Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before
him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back on his
heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful. ) (145. And no
person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm. And whoever desires a
reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a reward in t he Hereaft er,
We shall give him t hereof. And We shall reward t he grat eful.) (146. And many a Prophet fought
and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun. But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befall t hem in
Allah's way, nor did nor t hey weaken nor degrade t hemselves. And Allah loves t he pat ient .)
(147. And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our t ransgressions, est ablish
our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'') (148. So Allah gave t hem t he
reward of t his world, and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaft er. And Allah loves t he gooddoers.)
The Rumor that the Prophet was Killed at Uhud
When Muslims suffered defeat in bat t le at Uhud and some of t hem were killed, Shayt an
shout ed, "Muhammad has been killed.'' Ibn Qami'ah went back t o t he idolat ors and claimed, "I
have killed Muhammad.'' Some Muslims believed t his rumor and t hought t hat t he Messenger of
Allah had been killed, claiming t hat t his could happen, for Allah narrat ed t hat t his occurred t o
many Prophet s before. Therefore, t he Muslims' resolve was weakened and t hey did not act ively
part icipat e in bat t le. This is why Allah sent down t o His Messenger His st at ement ,
びモ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before
him.) he is t o deliver Allah's Message and may be killed in t he process, j ust as what happened
t o many Prophet s before. Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat his fat her said t hat a man from t he Muhaj irin
passed by an Ansari man who was bleeding (during Uhud) and said t o him, "O fellow! Did you
know t hat Muhammad was killed'' The Ansari man said, "Even if Muhammad was killed, he has
indeed conveyed t he Message. Therefore, defend your religion.'' The Ayah,
びモ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away
before him), was revealed. This st ory was collect ed by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il
An-Nubuwwah.
Allah said next , while chast ising t hose who became weak,
び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ
∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ
∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺぴ
(If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels), become disbelievers,
ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠
(And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will give
reward t o t hose who are grat eful), t hose who obeyed Allah, defended His religion and followed
His Messenger whet her he was alive or dead. The Sahih, Musnad and Sunan collect ions gat hered
various chains of narrat ion st at ing t hat Abu Bakr recit ed t his Ayah when t he Messenger of Allah
died. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Abu Bakr came riding his horse from his
dwelling in As-Sunh. He dismount ed, ent ered t he Masj id and did not speak t o anyone unt il he
came t o her in her room and went direct ly t o t he Prophet , who was covered wit h a marked
blanket . Abu Bakr uncovered his face, knelt down and kissed him, t hen st art ed weeping and
proclaimed, "My fat her and my mot her be sacrificed for you! Allah will not combine t wo deat hs
on you. You have died t he deat h, which was writ t en for you.''
Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat Abu Bakr t hen came out , while ` Umar was addressing t he people, and
Abu Bakr t old him t o sit down but ` Umar refused, and t he people at t ended t o Abu Bakr and left
` Umar. Abu Bakr said, "To proceed; whoever among you worshipped Muhammad, t hen
Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Allah said,
モ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ
∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ
∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ
ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away
before him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back
on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful.)''
The narrat or added, "By Allah, it was as if t he people never knew t hat Allah had revealed t his
verse before unt il Abu Bakr recit ed it , and t hen whoever heard it , st art ed recit ing it .'' Sa` id bin
Al-Musayyib said t hat ` Umar said, "By Allah! When I heard Abu Bakr recit e t his Ayah, my feet
could not hold me, and I fell t o t he ground.''
Allah said,
ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι
ｚ ま͡ れ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びΚ
⇔ィ
ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ
(And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm.) 3:145
meaning, no one dies except by Allah's decision, aft er he has finished t he t erm t hat Allah has
dest ined for him. This is why Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ィ
ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぴ
(at an appoint ed t erm) which is similar t o His st at ement s,
Ι
ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ
⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ
⊥ ボ∠ レΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びょ
∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ
(And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but it is in a
Book) 35:11 , and,
モ
∀ィ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ
⇔ィ
∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ
∃ Β͡デ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ
(He it is Who has creat ed you from clay, and t hen has decreed a (st at ed) t erm (for you t o die).
And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm (for you t o be resurrect ed)) 6:2 .
This Ayah 3:145 encourages cowards t o part icipat e in bat t le; for doing so, or avoiding bat t le
neit her decreases, nor increases t he life t erm. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat , Habib bin Suhban
said t hat a Muslim man, Huj r bin ` Adi, said in a bat t le, "What prevent s you from crossing t his
river (t he Euphrat es) t o t he enemy
ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι
ｚ ま͡ れ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びΚ
⇔ィ
ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ
(And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm)'' He t hen crossed
t he river riding his horse, and when he did, t he Muslims followed him. When t he enemy saw
t hem, t hey st art ed shout ing, "Diwan (Persian; crazy),'' and t hey ran away.
Allah said next ,
ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや
(And whoever desires a reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a
reward in t he Hereaft er, We shall give him t hereof).
Therefore, t he Ayah proclaims, whoever works for t he sake of t his life, will only earn what
Allah decides he will earn. However, he will not have a share in t he Hereaft er. Whoever works
for t he sake of t he Hereaft er, Allah will give him a share in t he Hereaft er, along wit h what He
decides for him in t his life. In similar st at ement s, Allah said,
ヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ
∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘやゐ
∠ ∇ゲェ
∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ
ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゐ
∠ ∇ゲェ
∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠
びょ
∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや
(Whosoever desires (by his deeds) t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his
reward, and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world (by his deeds), We give him t hereof
(what is decreed for him), and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) 42:20 , and,
￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ
ｚハ
∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ
͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ
ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡
ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ
∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ
∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ
び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠
(Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him
what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will
burn t herein disgraced and despised. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h
t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer, t hen such are t he ones whose st riving
shall be appreciat ed) 17:18-19 .
In t his Ayah 3:145 , Allah said,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We shall reward t he grat eful. ) meaning, We shall award t hem wit h Our favor and mercy
in t his life and t he Hereaft er, according t o t he degree of t heir appreciat ion of Allah and t heir
good deeds.
Allah t hen comfort s t he believers because of what t hey suffered in Uhud,
び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ
ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And many a Prophet fought and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun.)
It was said t hat t his Ayah means t hat many Prophet s and t heir companions were killed in
earlier t imes, as is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir. It was also said t hat t he Ayah means t hat many
Prophet s wit nessed t heir companions' deat h before t heir eyes. However, Ibn Ishaq ment ioned
anot her explanat ion in his Sirah, saying t hat t his Ayah means, "Many a Prophet was killed, and
he had many companions whose resolve did not weaken aft er t heir Prophet died, and t hey did
not become feeble in t he face of t he enemy. What t hey suffered in Jihad in Allah's cause and
for t he sake of t heir religion did not make t hem lose heart . This is pat ience,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah loves t he pat ient .)'' As-Suhayli agreed wit h t his explanat ion and defended it
vigorously. This view is support ed by Allah saying;
び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ぴ
(And along wit h him many Ribbiyyun).
In his book about t he bat t les, Al-Amawi ment ioned only t his explanat ion for t he Ayah. Sufyan
At h-Thawri report ed t hat , Ibn Mas` ud said t hat ,
び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ぴ
(many Ribbiyyun) means, t housands. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, AlHasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` and ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat t he word Ribbiyyun means,
` large bands'. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mmar said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat ,
び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ぴ
(many Ribbiyyun) means, many scholars. He also said t hat it means pat ient and pious scholars.
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
∠
(But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befell t hem in Allah's way, nor did t hey weaken nor
degrade t hemselves.)
Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,
び∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(nor did t hey weaken), means, aft er t heir Prophet was killed.
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor degrade t hemselves), by revert ing from t he t rue guidance and religion. Rat her, t hey
fought on t he pat h t hat Allah's Prophet fought on unt il t hey met Allah. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(nor degrade t hemselves) means, nor became humiliat ed, while As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said t hat
it means, t hey did not give in t o t he enemy.
ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ
ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠
ゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠
ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ
⊥ ルやヱ ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや
(And Allah loves t he pat ient . And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our
t ransgressions, est ablish our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'')
3:146-147 , and t his was t he st at ement t hat t hey kept repeat ing. Therefore,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ ぴ
(So Allah gave t hem t he reward of t his world) vict ory, t riumph and t he good end,
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘやゆ
͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ
∠ ∇ジェ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaf t er) added t o t he gains in t his life,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah loves t he good-doers).
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ
͡ よ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲジ
͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠
ゆ
͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ
∠ -リ
∠ Α͡ゲダ
͡ ⇒ｚレャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠
∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べヨ∠ よ͡ ょ
∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや
ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ
∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁジエ
⊥ ∠ゎ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ
͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡
リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ
∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠
∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘ や ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥
モ
∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠
ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ギ∃ ェ
∠ぺ
∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ
∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあ ユｙ ピ∠ よ͡
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
(149. O you who believe! If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your
heels, and you will t urn back as losers.) (150. Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of
helpers.) (151. We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey
j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire
and how evil is t he abode of t he wrongdoers.) (152. And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o
you when you were killing t hem (your enemy) wit h His permission; unt il Fashilt um and fell t o
disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed aft er He showed you what you love. Among you are
some t hat desire t his world and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from
t hem, t hat He might t est you. But surely, He forgave you, and Allah is Most Gracious t o t he
believers.) (153. (And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at
anyone, and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back. There did Allah give you one
dist ress aft er anot her by way of requit al, t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped
you, nor for what st ruck you. And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.)
The Prohibition of Obeying the Disbelievers; the Cause of Defeat at
Uhud
Allah warns His believing servant s against obeying t he disbelievers and hypocrit es, because
such obedience leads t o ut t er dest ruct ion in t his life and t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲジ
͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠
(If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your heels, and you will t urn back
(from fait h) as losers) 3:149 .
Allah also commands t he believers t o obey Him, t ake Him as t heir prot ect or, seek His aid and
t rust in Him. Allah said,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲダ
͡ ⇒ｚレャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ
͡ よ∠ ぴ
(Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of helpers).
Allah next conveys t he good news t hat He will put fear of t he Muslims, and feelings of
subordinat ion t o t he Muslims in t he heart s of t heir disbelieving enemies, because of t heir Kufr
and Shirk. And Allah has prepared t orment and punishment for t hem in t he Hereaft er. Allah
said,
べ∠ヨよ͡ ょ
∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ
͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ
∠ぴ
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ
∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや
(We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey j oined ot hers in
worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire and how evil is
t he abode of t he wrongdoers). In addit ion, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah
said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ
∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト
∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ
∠ ろ
⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥»
∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ
∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ
͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ
⊥ ∇ゲダ
͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
ヶ
∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ
͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ
⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ
∠ ャ͡
ゑ
⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ
ぁ ら͡ レｚャや ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ
ｚ ャや ろ
⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユも͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや
«るｚョゅ∠ハ サ
͡ ゅｚレャや ヴャ͡ま ろ
⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ
ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま
(I was given five t hings t hat no ot her Prophet before me was given. I was aided wit h fear t he
dist ance of one mont h, t he eart h was made a Masj id and clean place for me, I was allowed war
boot y, I was given t he Int ercession, and Prophet s used t o be sent t o t heir people, but I was
sent t o all mankind part icularly.)
Allah said,
びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you) 3:152 ,
in t he beginning of t he day of Uhud,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁジエ
⊥ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(when you were killing t hem), slaying your enemies,
びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ
(wit h His permission), for He allowed you t o do t hat against t hem,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ
͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ぴ
(unt il when you Fashilt um). Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Fashilt um means, ` lost
courage'.
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ
∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and fell t o disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed) such as t he mist ake made by t he
archers,
びラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョぴ
(aft er He showed you what you love), t hat is, vict ory over t he disbelievers,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョぴ
(Among you are some t hat desire t his world) referring t o t hose who sought t o collect t he boot y
when t hey saw t he enemy being defeat ed,
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘ や ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡
(and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est
you).
This Ayah means, Allah gave t hem t he upper hand t o t ry and t est you, O believers,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but surely, He forgave you),
He forgave t he error you commit t ed, because, and Allah knows best , t he idolat ors were many
and well supplied, while Muslims had few men and few supplies.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "We met t he idolat ors on t hat day (Uhud) and t he
Prophet appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr as t he commander of t he archers. He inst ruct ed t hem,
` Ret ain your posit ion, and if you see t hat we have defeat ed t hem, do not abandon your
posit ions. If you see t hat t hey defeat ed us, do not rush t o help us.' The disbelievers gave flight
when we met t hem, and we saw t heir women fleeing up t he mount ain while lift ing up t heir
clot hes revealing t heir anklet s and t heir legs. So, t he companions (of ` Abdullah bin Jubayr)
said, ` The boot y, t he boot y!' ` Abdullah bin Jubayr said, ` Allah's Messenger commanded me not
t o allow you t o abandon your posit ion.' They refused t o list en, and when t hey left t heir
posit ion, Muslims were defeat ed and sevent y of t hem were killed. Abu Sufyan shout ed, ` Is
Muhammad present among t hese people' The Prophet said, ` Do not answer him.' Then he
asked, ` Is t he son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) present among t hese people' The Prophet said,
` Do not answer him.' He asked again, ` Is t he son of Al-Khat t ab (` Umar) present among t hese
people As for t hese (men), t hey have been killed, for had t hey been alive, t hey would have
answered me.' ` Umar could not cont rol himself and said (t o Abu Sufyan), ` You lie, O enemy of
Allah! The cause of your misery is st ill present .' Abu Sufyan said, ` O Hubal, be high!' On t hat
t he Prophet said (t o his Companions), ` Answer him back.' They said, ` What shall we say' He
said, ` Say, Allah is Higher and more Sublime.' Abu Sufyan said, ` We have t he (idol) Al-` Uzza,
and you have no ` Uzza.' The Prophet said, ` Answer him back.' They asked, ` What shall we say'
He said, ` Say, Allah is our prot ect or and you have no prot ect or.' Abu Sufyan said, ` Our vict ory
t oday is vengeance for yours in t he bat t le of Badr, and in war (t he vict ory) is always undecided
and is shared in t urns by t he belligerent s. You will find some of your killed men mut ilat ed, but I
did not urge my men t o do so, yet I do not feel sorry for t heir deed.''' Only Al-Bukhari collect ed
t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion. cMuhammad bin Ishaq said t hat , ` Abdullah bin AzZubayr narrat ed t hat Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam said, "By Allah! I saw t he female servant s and
female companions of Hind (Abu Sufyan's wife) when t hey uncovered t heir legs and gave flight .
At t hat t ime, t here was no big or small effort separat ing us from capt uring t hem. However, t he
archers went down t he mount when t he enemy gave flight from t he bat t lefield, seeking t o
collect t he boot y. They uncovered our back lines t o t he horsemen of t he disbelievers, who t ook
t he chance and at t acked us from behind. Then a person shout ed, ` Muhammad has been killed.'
So we pulled back, and t he disbelievers followed us, aft er we had killed t hose who carried
t heir flag, and none of t hem dared t o come close t he flag, unt il t hen.''' Muhammad bin Ishaq
said next , "The flag of t he disbelievers was left on t he ground unt il ` Amrah bint ` Alqamah AlHarit hiyyah picked it up and gave it t o t he Quraysh who held it .''
Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
(Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est you) 3:152 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "My uncle Anas bin An-Nadr was absent from t he
bat t le of Badr. He said, ` I was absent from t he first bat t le t he Prophet fought (against t he
pagans). (By Allah) if Allah gives me a chance t o fight along wit h t he Messenger of Allah, t hen
Allah will see how (bravely) I will fight .' On t he day of Uhud when t he Muslims t urned t heir
backs and fled, he said, ` O Allah! I apologize t o You for what t hese (meaning t he Muslims) have
done, and I denounce what t hese pagans have done.' Then he advanced lift ing his sword, and
when Sa` d bin Mu` adh met him, he said t o him, ` O Sa` d bin Mu` adh! Where are you! Paradise!
I am smelling it s aroma coming from before (Mount ) Uhud,' and he went fort h, fought and was
killed. We found more t han eight y st ab wounds, sword blows or arrow holes on his body, which
was mut ilat ed so badly t hat none except his sist er could recognize him, and she could only do
so by his fingers or by a mole.'' This is t he narrat ion report ed by Al-Bukhari, Muslim also
collect ed a similar narrat ion from Thabit from Anas.
The Defeat that the Muslims Suffered During the Battle of Uhud
Allah said,
びギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
((And remember) when you (Tus` iduna) ran away dreadfully wit hout cast ing even a side glance
at anyone), and Allah made t he disbelievers leave you aft er you went up t he mount , escaping
your enemy. Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat , Tus` iduna, means, ` go up t he mount ain'.
びギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone) meaning, you did not glance at anyone else due
t o shock, fear and fright .
び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back), for you left him behind you, while he
was calling you t o st op fleeing from t he enemy and t o ret urn and fight .
As-Suddi said, "When t he disbelievers at t acked Muslim lines during t he bat t le of Uhud and
defeat ed t hem, some Muslims ran away t o Al-Madinah, while some of t hem went up Mount
Uhud, t o a rock and st ood on it . On t hat , t he Messenger of Allah kept heralding, ` Come t o me,
O servant s of Allah! Come t o me, O servant s of Allah!' Allah ment ioned t hat t he Muslims went
up t he Mount and t hat t he Prophet called t hem t o come back, and said,
メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠
((And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone, and t he
Messenger was in your rear calling you back).'' Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, ArRabi` and Ibn Zayd.
The Ansar and Muhajirin Defended the Messenger
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Qays bin Abi Hazim said, "I saw Talhah's hand, it was paralyzed,
because he shielded t he Prophet wit h it .'' meaning on t he day of Uhud. It is recorded in t he
Two Sahihs t hat Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "On t hat day (Uhud) during which t he Prophet
fought , only Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah and Sa` d remained wit h t he Prophet .''
Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "I heard Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas saying, ` The Messenger of Allah gave
me arrows from his quiver on t he day of Uhud and said, ` Shoot , may I sacrifice my fat her and
mot her for you.''' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Sa` d bin
Abi Waqqas said, "On t he day of Uhud, I saw t wo men wearing whit e clot hes, one t o t he right of
t he Prophet and one t o his left , who were defending t he Prophet fiercely. I have never seen
t hese men before or aft er t hat day.'' Meaning angels Jibril and Mika'il, peace be upon t hem.
Abu Al-Aswad said t hat , ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Ubayy bin Khalaf of Bani Jumah swore in
Makkah t hat he would kill t he Messenger of Allah . When t he Messenger was t old of his vow, he
said, ` Rat her, I shall kill him, Allah willing.' On t he day of Uhud, Ubayy came while wearing
iron shields and proclaiming, ` May I not be saved, if Muhammad is saved.' He t hen headed t o
t he direct ion of t he Messenger of Allah int ending t o kill him, but Mus` ab bin ` Umayr, from Bani
Abd Ad-Dar, int ercept ed him and shielded t he Prophet wit h his body, and Mus` ab bin ` Umayr
was killed. The Messenger of Allah saw Ubayy's neck exposed bet ween t he shields and helmet ,
st abbed him wit h his spear, and Ubayy fell from his horse t o t he ground. However, no blood
spilled from his wound. His people came and carried him away while he was moaning like an
ox. They said t o him, ` Why are you so anxious, it is only a flesh wound' Ubayy ment ioned t o
t hem t he Prophet 's vow, ` Rat her, I shall kill Ubayy', t hen comment ed, ` By He in Whose Hand is
my soul! If what hit me hit s t he people of Dhul-Maj az (a popular pre-Islamic market place), t hey
would all have perished.' He t hen died and went t o t he Fire,
びゲ͡ Β͡バジ
ｚ ャや ょ
͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ
６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ
⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) 67:11 .''
This was collect ed by Musa bin ` Uqbah from Az-Zuhri from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib.
It is recorded in t he Two Sahih t hat when he was asked about t he inj uries t he Messenger
sust ained in Uhud , Sahl bin Sa` d said, "The face of Allah's Messenger was inj ured, his front
t oot h was broken and his helmet was smashed on his head. Therefore, Fat imah, t he daught er
of Allah's Messenger washed off t he blood while ` Ali was pouring wat er on her hand. When
Fat imah saw t hat t he bleeding increased more by t he wat er, she t ook a mat , burnt it , and
placed t he ashes in t he wound of t he Prophet and t he blood st opped oozing out .'' Allah said
next ,
びユｙ ピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(There did Allah give you one dist ress aft er anot her) 3:153 ,
He gave you grief over your grief. Ibn ` Abbas said, ` The first grief was because of t he defeat ,
especially when it was rumored t hat Muhammad was killed. The second grief was when t he
idolat ors went up t he mount and The Messenger of Allah said, ` O Allah! It is not for t hem t o
rise above us.'''
` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf said, "The first dist ress was because of t he defeat and t he second
when a rumor st art ed t hat Muhammad was killed, which t o t hem, was worse t han defeat .'' Ibn
Marduwyah recorded bot h of t hese. Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "The first dist ress was when
t hey heard t hat Muhammad was killed and t he second when t hey suffered casualt ies and
inj ury.'' It has also been report ed t hat Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat it was t he
opposit e order . As-Suddi said t hat t he first dist ress was because of t he vict ory and boot y t hat
t hey missed and t he second because of t he enemy rising above t hem (on t he mount ). Allah
said,
び∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ
∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあぴ
(by way of requit al t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped you), for t hat you
missed t he boot y and t riumph over your enemy.
び∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor for what st ruck you), of inj ury and fat alit ies, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, AlHasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi st at ed. Allah said next ,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.) all praise is due t o Him, and t hanks, t here is no
deit y wort hy of worship except Him, t he Most High, Most Honored.
ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
ラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ
⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚ ワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ
リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ワ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲボ⊥ Α∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ
ｚニ
∠ ペ
あエ
∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
ヴ͡プ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ
ｘやラ
ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リ͡ョ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや
リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ マ
∠ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠
∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや
∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ
⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ
∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや コ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠
ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゾ
∠ エ
あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ
⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ
∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ
ｚ ま͡ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ
ぁ ャや れ
͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ
∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ
͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚ ャや
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ
ｚ ま͡
(154. Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you,
while anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves and t hought wrongly of Allah -- t he t hought
of ignorance. They said, "Have we any part in t he affair'' Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly
t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare not reveal t o you, saying: "If we had
anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'' Say: "Even if you had
remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would cert ainly have gone fort h t o
t he place of t heir deat h,'' but t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat
which was in your heart s (sins), and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s). (155. Those
of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err because
of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem. Surely, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)
Slumber Overcame the Believers; the Fear that the Hypocrites
Suffered
Allah reminds His servant s of His favor when He sent down on t hem t ranquillit y and slumber
t hat overcame t hem while t hey were carrying t heir weapons and feeling dist ress and grief. In
t his case, slumber is a favor and carries meanings of calmness and safet y. For inst ance, Allah
said in Surat Al-Anfal about t he bat t le of Badr,
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ サ
∠ ゅ∠バレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Βあゼピ∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
((Remember) when He covered you wit h a slumber as a securit y from Him) 8:11 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat , Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose who were
overcome by slumber during t he bat t le of Uhud. My sword fell from my hand several t imes and
I would pick it up, t hen it would fall and I would pick it up again.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his
Hadit h in t he st ories of t he bat t les wit hout a chain of narrat ion, and in t he book of Tafsir wit h
a chain of narrat ors. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim recorded from Anas t hat Abu Talhah
said, "On t he day of Uhud, I raised my head and looked around and found t hat everyone's head
was nodding from slumber.'' This is t he wording of At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih''. AnNasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h from Anas who said t hat Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose
who were overcome by slumber.''
The second group ment ioned in t he Ayah were t he hypocrit es who only t hought about
t hemselves, for t hey are t he most cowardly people and t hose least likely t o support t he t rut h,
びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ
ｚニ
∠ ペ
あエ
∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ
⊥ Α∠ ぴ
(and t hought wrongly of Allah - t he t hought of ignorance) 3:154 , for t hey are liars and people
who have doubt s and evil t hought s about Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,
ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ
(Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you), t he
people of fait h, cert aint y, firmness and reliance (on Allah) who are cert ain t hat Allah shall give
vict ory t o His Messenger and fulfill his obj ect ive.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚ ワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ぴ
(While anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves), and t hey were not overcome by slumber
because of t heir worry, fright and fear,
びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ
ｚニ
∠ ペ
あエ
∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ
⊥ Α∠ ぴ
(and t hought wrongly of Allah --- t he t hought of ignorance).
Similarly, Allah said in anot her st at ement ,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ょ
∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ
∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠
(Nay, but you t hought t hat t he Messenger and t he believers would never ret urn t o t heir
families) 48:12 .
This group t hought t hat t he idolat ors achieved ult imat e vict ory, when t heir forces t ook t he
upper hand in bat t le, and t hat Islam and it s people would perish. This is t ypical of people of
doubt and hesit at ion, in t he event of a hardship, t hey fall int o such evil t hought s. Allah t hen
described t hem t hat ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
(t hey said) in t his sit uat ion,
び￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リ͡ョ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ワぴ
("Have we any part in t he affair'') Allah replied,
Ι
∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ
ｘやラ
ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びマ
∠ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥
(Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare
not reveal t o you.) wAllah exposed t heir secret s, t hat is,
ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ
(saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'')
alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal t his t hought from t he Messenger of Allah .
Ibn Ishaq recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said t hat Az-Zubayr said, "I was wit h t he
Messenger of Allah when fear int ensified and Allah sent sleep t o us (during t he bat t le of Uhud).
At t hat t ime, every man among us (except t he hypocrit es) was nodding off. By Allah! As if in a
dream, I heard t he words of Mu` at t ib bin Qushayr, ` If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair,
none of us would have been killed here.' I memorized t hese words of his, which Allah
ment ioned lat er on,
ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘや リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ
(saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he aff air, none of us would have been killed here.)''
Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his Hadit h.
Allah t he Exalt ed said,
ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ
∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや コ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴプ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ
⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや
(Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would
cert ainly have gone fort h t o t he place of t heir deat h,'') meaning, t his is Allah's appoint ed
dest iny and a decision t hat will cert ainly come t o pass, and t here is no escaping it . Allah's
st at ement ,
ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゾ
∠ エ
あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ
⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ
∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
(t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat which was in your heart s,)
means, so t hat He t est s you wit h what ever befell you, t o dist inguish good from evil and t he
deeds and st at ement s of t he believers from t hose of t he hypocrit es,
びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ
ぁ ャや れ
͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s), and what t he heart s conceal.
Some of the Believers Give Flight on the Day of Uhud
Allah t hen said,
ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ
∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ
ｚ ま͡ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ
͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや
(Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err
because of some of what t hey had earned) 3:155 ,
because of some of t heir previous errors. Indeed, some of t he Salaf said, "The reward of t he
good deed includes being direct ed t o anot her good deed t hat follows it , while t he ret ribut ion
of sin includes commit t ing anot her sin t hat follows it .'' Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem), t heir giving flight ,
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ
ｚ ぺ∠ぴ
(surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing)
He forgives sins, pardons and exonerat es His creat ures. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Shaqiq said,
" ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf met Al-Walid bin ` Uqbah, who said t o him, ` Why did you desert
` Ut hman, t he Leader of t he Fait hful' ` Abdur-Rahman said, ` Tell him t hat I did not run away
during Uhud, remain behind during Badr, nor abandon t he Sunnah of ` Umar.' Al-Walid t old
` Ut hman what ` Abdur-Rahman said. ` Ut hman replied, ` As for his st at ement , ` I did not run
away during Uhud,' how can he blame me for an error t hat Allah has already forgiven. Allah
said,
ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ
∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ
ｚ ま͡ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ
͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠
(Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err
because of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem).
As for his st at ement t hat I remained behind from part icipat ing in Badr, I was nursing Ruqayyah,
t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah , unt il she passed away. The Messenger of Allah gave
me a share in t he boot y of Badr, and whoever get s a share in t he boot y from t he Messenger of
Allah will have part icipat ed in bat t le. As for his st at ement t hat I abandoned t he Sunnah of
` Umar, neit her I nor he are able t o endure it . Go and convey t his answer t o him.'''
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ
∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ
͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠
モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ン６ゴビ
⊥
ろ
⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ
͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ラ
∠ ヱゲ⊥ ゼ
∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶや ヴ∠ャΗ
͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠
び
(156. O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve and who say t o t heir bret hren when
t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h or go out t o fight : "If t hey had st ayed wit h us, t hey would not
have died or been killed,'' so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. It is Allah
t hat gives life and causes deat h. And Allah is All-Seer of what you do.) (157. And if you are
killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far bet t er t han all t hat
t hey amass.) (158. And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.)
Prohibiting the Ideas of the Disbeleivers about Death and
Predestination
Allah forbids His believing servant s from t he disbelievers' false creed, seen in t heir st at ement
about t hose who died in bat t le and during t ravel; "Had t hey abandoned t hese t rips, t hey would
not have met t heir demise.'' Allah said,
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ
͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠
(O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve (hypocrit es) and who say t o t heir
bret hren), about t heir dead bret hren,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ
∠ や∠クま͡ぴ
(when t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h) for t he purpose of t rading and ot herwise,
びン６ゴビ
⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or go out t o fight ), part icipat ing in bat t les,
びゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚぴ
("If t hey had st ayed wit h us,'') in our area,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ョぴ
("t hey would not have died or been killed,'') t hey would not have died while t raveling or been
killed in bat t le. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. ) means, Allah creat es t his evil
t hought in t heir heart s so t hat t heir sadness and t he grief t hey feel for t heir loss would
increase. Allah refut ed t hem by saying,
びろ
⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ
͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(It is Allah t hat gives life and causes deat h.) for t he creat ion is under Allah's power, and t he
decision is His Alone. No one lives or dies except by Allah's leave, and no one's life is increased
or decreased except by His decree.
び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Seer of what you do,) for His knowledge and vision encompasses all His
creat ion and none of t heir affairs ever escapes Him. Allah's st at ement ,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠
(And if you are killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far
bet t er t han all t hat t hey amass.) 3:157 , indicat ing t hat deat h and mart yrdom in Allah's cause
are a means of earning Allah's mercy, forgiveness and pleasure. This, indeed, is bet t er t han
remaining in t his life wit h it s short lived delight s. Furt hermore, whoever dies or is killed will
ret urn t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and He will reward him if he has done good
deeds, or will punish him for his evil deeds. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ
∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶや ヴ∠ャΗ
͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.) 3:158 .
ゅ⇔ヌ
∂ プ∠ ろ
∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ブ
⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ マ
∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツ∠ヘ∇ル∠Ι ょ
͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ
∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠
ろ
∠ ∇ョゴ∠ ハ
∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ
ラ͡ま - リ
∠ Β͡ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ
ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠
や∠ク リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ャグ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ょ
∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Κ
∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ゲダ
⊥ レ∠Α
モ
͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ダ
⊥ レ∠Α ン͡グャｚや
∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ
ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ゅｚョ ザ
∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ
ｚビ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ
∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ
͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ
∠ ミ∠
ザ
∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ
∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ テ
∃ ∇ガジ
∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よ リ∠ヨミ∠
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや
ゑ
∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ
ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
びリ
∃ Β͡らョぁ モ
∃ ⇒∠ヤッ
∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ モ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ
(159. And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly. And had you been severe and
harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you; so pardon t hem, and ask
forgiveness for t hem; and consult t hem in t he af fairs. Then when you have t aken a decision,
put your t rust in Allah, cert ainly, Allah loves t hose who put t heir t rust (in Him).) (160. If Allah
helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is t here aft er Him t hat can help
you And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust .) (161. It is not for any Prophet t o illegally
t ake a part of t he boot y, and whosoever deceives his companions over t he boot y, he shall bring
fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook. Then every person shall be paid in full
what he has earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) (162. Is t hen one who follows
(seeks) t he pleasure of Allah like t he one who draws on himself t he wrat h of Allah His abode is
Hell, and worse indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) (163. They are in varying grades wit h Allah, and
Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) (164. Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers
when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing unt o t hem His verses
(t he Qur'an), and purifying t hem, and inst ruct ing t hem (in) t he Book (t he Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah
t he wisdom and t he Sunnah , while before t hat t hey had been in manifest error.)
Among the Qualities of Our Prophet Muhammad are Mercy and
Kindness
Allah addresses His Messenger and reminds him and t he believers of t he favor t hat He has made
his heart and words soft for his Ummah, t hose who follow his command and refrain from what
he prohibit s.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
(And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) 3:159 . meaning, who would have
made you t his kind, if it was not Allah's mercy for you and t hem. Qat adah said t hat ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ
∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
(And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) means, "Wit h Allah's mercy you
became t his kind.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t his, indeed, is t he descript ion of t he behavior
t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,
ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ
∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ
∠
(Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him t hat you
should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He is anxious over you (t o be right ly guided, t o repent t o
Allah); for t he believers (he is) full of pit y, kind, and merciful) 9:128 . Allah said next ,
びマ
∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ∇ルΙ
∠ ょ
͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ
∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠ ゅ⇔ヌ
∂ プ∠ ろ
∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And had you been severe and harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you;)
The severe person is he who ut t ers harsh words, and,
びょ
͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ
∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠ぴ
(harsh-heart ed) is t he person whose heart is hard. Had t his been t he Prophet 's behavior, "They
would have scat t ered from around you. However, Allah gat hered t hem and made you kind and
soft wit h t hem, so t hat t heir heart s congregat e around you.'' ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat he
read t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in previous Books, "He is not severe, harsh,
obscene in t he market place or dealing evil for evil. Rat her, he forgives and pardons.''
The Order for Consultation and to Abide by it
Allah said,