! ! ! ±q !"#$%& l '(&)*+,-./01"23456789: µ ;1! ! ! µ = ql ! ! <=>?).@q !AB;[C]1l !AB;[m]<C.!<1µ !AB;[C " m]/D .@! ! ABEFCGH"23456789: µ $ N I+,-./01J"K4 P ;1! ! ! P = Nµ ! ! <=>?).@ N !AB; [1/m3 ] <C.!<1 P !AB; [C /m2 ] /D.@! ! ! ! !L? h 1MN!NF$ S !OPQRS.@J"K4 P $L?TUVWX!YZ1 MNV[)."#!\] " "AB; [C /m2 ] #;1! ! ! " = P! ! /D.@! ! "Y E V^_*J"K4 P $ P + dP '(`abG/-./1MN!"#$ Sd" = SdP '(`c-.@dP '(`a?d.efgh7;1OP!iT!Mjk !"#$%&'()* SdP +,-./0123456789:;3<=>?)* 3@AB0CDE! ! ! SdP " E ! ! (F0%(E)*+,-./0123456789:;DE! ! SdP " Eh ! ! G60? SdP %HID[C]E E %HID [V/m] = [N /C] (F0%(E SdP " E %HI D[N]G60?=1JKLE SdP " Eh %HID[N " m] = [J]G60?! ! MN%OPD Sh (F0%(EQREHIOPF1S%789:;TU dW DE! ! ! dW = EdP ! ! GVW0?! !XYZ[\Y+]B^_)O3`>LEa)b E c " P = 0 #cd)b+TU./E ef_)gh Ps '(gh./0%35B0HIOPF1S%789:; W DE! ! ! W = " P = Ps P =0 EdP ! ! cdij(k0?lmDE P " E no%! ! ! ! !"#$%&'()*+(,-./0123.456789:;<=>$?)* P >> "0 E !@A-BCDCE>$FG(H-.I01BCDCE>56789: ;<=>$?)*! ! J5-KL3.MN Ps 01./OPQ'R- E = 0 S$T89@AOFG)* +!/U5,-23.401./5-?)V,BCDCE>01.I5:;< =>W67X)*+(,-! ! ! ! !"#$%&'()!$-YZ-! ! ! ! !"#[\23.4-?)V,BCDCE>$:;<=>W]^'()*]^ '():;<=>,-_-`!a"bGHc#5de'()*$ Efg<$FG( H-hijklimn$oS(9"#! ! ! ! !"#$%&'()*+,-./! ! ! ! ! 0123#4567859:,;<=>#?;@A P " E !! ! ! ! 9BC./DEFGHIDJKLMNO$%&'(#PQHIDJFGDEK LMNO$%&'(R#SAGT#! ! ! ! !"#$%&'()&*+,-./0!123456789:&'(! ! P >> "0 E ;<=,>?@?A5BCD9:E123456,F;GHIJK0 D"E#,! ! ! 1 PE ! 2 ! !"L%,>?@?A5M0!NO:P,>?@?A5;0D% Sh !"LQ< HI,! ! ! 1 PESh ! 2 ! <&L(>?@?A5BRSTE/K$U V <)L<, V = Eh ,>?@?A5 ;/VBCD9:L/WU Q<)L<, Q = CV = PS<&L(QQ! C 6,>? @?A5;XYZ[\?]!"L(TE%^_,! ! ! 1 1 1 1 PESh = PS " Eh = CV " V = CV 2 ! 2 2 2 2 ! <'`abcI:Ede%fI:L(!
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