᪝ᮇㄊິボᙟឺㄵ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ
ఫࠍᮄ෗㸝ᮈᖙᏕ㝌ኬᏕ㸞
1. ࡢࡋࡴ࡞
᪝ᮇㄊິボὩ⏕࡚ࡢࠉ々ᩐࡡ㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪ࠿ష⏕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᮇⓆ⾪ࡢິボὩ⏕࡞࠽ࡄࡾ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛࢕㡚
౼ࡡ㛣ࡡ㡚㡡Ⓩ࡞୘㏩᪺࡝┞பష⏕࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㟸Ὤ⏍Ⓩฦᯊ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚ࡢࠉິボㄊᙟ㛣ࡡ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࢅさịࡌࡾโ⣑ࢅ⏕࠷ࡒฦᯊࢅᥞ၌ࡌࡾࠊᮇⓆ⾪࡚ᥞ၌ࡌࡾฦᯊ
࡚ࡢࠉ༟ୌࡡᙟឺⓏࣈࣞࢬࢪ㸝ິボㄊᖷ࡫ࡡ᥃㎙௛ຊ㸞࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ぞ์ࡡ㡨ᗆࡘࡄࡷࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㡨ᗆࡘࡄࢅ⏕࠷
ࡾᚪさ࠿࡝࠷ࠊ
඙⾔◂✪࡛ࡡᑊẒࢅ⾔࠹㒌ྙ࠾ࡼࠉ㏭୯ࡱ࡚/ິボㄊ᰷-{te, ta}/ࢅථງ࡛௫ᏽࡊ㆗ㄵࢅ⾔࠹ࠊ/㏻⏕ᙟ-{te, ta}/
࠿ථງ࡚࠵ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢࠉ➠ 5 ⟿࡚᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡌࡾࠊ
2. ິボὩ⏕࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡ୘㏩᪺࡝┞ப ష⏕
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚᡽࠹㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡢ௧ୖࡡ஦ࡗࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡ࠹ࡔ(1)ࡡ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛(2a)ࡡ࢕㡚౼
ࡢཬዞཱིᆵࡡ୘㏩᪺࡝㛭౿ࢅᙟᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
(1) ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩㸯㰧㡚ࡵࡊࡂࡢ᭯ኇ㜴ᐐ㡚࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷࡞ᚃ᥃ࡌࡾ࡛ࡀࠉ/-te/࠽ࡻࡦ/-ta/ࡡ඙㢄ࡡ/t/ࡢ඙⾔ࡌ
ࡾᏄ㡚࠾ࡼ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩ࢅ⿍ࡽ[d]࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
(2) 㡚౼㸯/s/௧አࡡᏄ㡚࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷࡞/-te/࠽ࡻࡦ/-ta/࠿ᚃ᥃ࡌࡾ࡛ࡀࠉㄊ᰷ᮆ࡚㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊ
a. ㄊ᰷ᮆࡡᏄ㡚࠿㌶ཾ⵱㡚ࡡሔྙࡢ࢕㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊ
b. ㄊ᰷ᮆࡡᏄ㡚࠿㰧㡚࠽ࡻࡦ᭯ኇ㜴ᐐ㡚ࡡሔྙࡢ᧍㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊ
c. ࡐࡡ௙ࡡሔྙࡢಀ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡ୘㏩᪺࡝┞பష⏕ࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ᵕࠍ࡝ฦᯊ࠿モࡲࡼࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊMcCawley (1968)࡞ጙࡱࡾఎ⤣Ⓩ⏍
ᠺ㡚㡡ㄵ࡚ࡢࠉ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࠿࢕㡚౼࡞඙❟ࡗぞ์ࡡ㡨ᗆࡘࡄ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙஦ࡗࡡ㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡ┞பష⏕࠿ㄕ᪺
ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ
୘㏩᪺࡝㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡ┞பష⏕ࡢࠉ㡨ᗆࡘࡄ࡛࠷࠹ࡵࡡࢅヾࡴ࡝࠷୩าⓏ࡝࣓ࢸ࡚ࣜࡢ᡽࠷࠿ᅏ㞬࡞ぜ
࠻ࡾ1ࠊ୩าⓏフ౮ࢅ≁ᚡ࡛ࡌࡾ᭩㐲ᛮ⌦ㄵ(Prince & Smolensky 1993)࡚ࡢࠉ㡚㡡Ⓩ୘㏩᪺ᛮࢅᤂ࠻ࡾࡒࡴ࡞
ᵕࠍ࡝ᥞ᱄࠿࡝ࡈࡿ࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡐࡡ୯࡞ࡢ㒂ฦⓏ࡞㡨า୹⩇ࢅཱིࡽථࡿࡾᥞ᱄ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊ㡨า୹⩇ࢅཱིࡽථࡿࡾ
ᥞ᱄࡞ࡢࠉࣝ࣊ࣜ㛣ࡡ㡨ᗆࡘࡄࢅཱིࡽථࡿࡾᥞ᱄(Kiparsky 2000)࡛ථງ࡛ࡵฝງ࡛ࡵ␏࡝ࡾು⿭࡞౪Ꮛࡊ୩า
Ⓩ࡝フ౮ࡡ୯࡚஦ṹᵋ࠻ࡡフ౮ࢅ⾔࠹ᥞ᱄(McCarthy 1999)࠿࠵ࡾࠊ๑⩽ࡡᥞ᱄ࡢࡆࡆ࡚ၡ㢗࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ⌟
㇗࡞ࡢᙔ࡙ࡢࡱࡼ࡝࠷ࠊ࡝ࡏ࡝ࡼࠉ᥃ᑹ㎙ࡡ௛ຊ࡛࠷࠹༟ୌࡡᙟឺⓏࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡚⏍ࡋ࡙࠷ࡾ୘㏩᪺ᛮࡓ࠾ࡼ
࡚࠵ࡾࠊᚃ⩽ࡡᥞ᱄ࡢ Sympathy㸝ࠔභវࠕ࡛ゼࡌ㸞࡛࿣ࡣࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ୯㐠(1999)ࡢ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛࢕
㡚౼ࡡ┞பష⏕ࢅභវ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ฦᯊࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅモࡲ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ୯㐠(1999)ࡢࠉMax-IO ࢅ㐽ᢝโ⣑࡛ࡌࡾභវโ
⣑ Max-❀O-V ࠿┞ᑊⓏ࡞㧏࠷న⨠ࡘࡄ࡞࠵ࡾโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࢅᥞ၌ࠊ
ථງ/kag-ta/࡞ᑊࡊ࡙භវⓏು⿭࠿ kagita
࡛࡝ࡽࠉฝງ࡛ࡊ࡙ kaida ࠿ᚋࡼࡿࡾ࡛࠷࠹ฦᯊࢅᥞ᱄ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ
ぞ์ࡡ㡨ᗆࡘࡄ࡛භវ࡞ࡻࡾフ౮ࡢ⣵㒂ࡢ␏࡝ࡾ࠿㡨า୹⩇ࢅཱིࡽථࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉ୯㛣Ⓩ࡝⾪♟ࡷ
ᐁ⌟ࡊ࡝࠷ು⿭(failed candidate)࡛࠷ࡖࡒ᢫㇗Ⓩ࡝さ⣪࡞౪Ꮛࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛࢕㡚౼ࡡ┞பష⏕ࡢࠉ
㡨า୹⩇ࢅཱིࡽථࡿ࡝ࡄࡿࡣฦᯊ࡚ࡀ࡝࠷ࡡࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ
3. 㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ
᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛࢕㡚౼ࡡ㛣ࡡ୘㏩᪺ᛮ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㟸Ὤ⏍Ⓩ࡝ฦᯊࢅᥞ᱄ࡌࡾ࡞඙❟ࡖ࡙ࠉ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾ࣓ࢲ࣭
ࣆ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⩻࠻࡙ࡲࡒ࠷ࠊ㡚౼ࡢᏄ㡚࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷ࡡິボ࡚⏍ࡋࡾࠊ᪝ᮇㄊ࡚ࡢセࡈࡿ࡝࠷Ꮔ㡚㏻⤾ࢅᅂ㑂
ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿㡚౼࡚⥪⛘ࡈࡿࡾᵕࠍ࡝㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡ࣓ࢲ࣭ࣆ࡚࠵ࡾࡡࡢ␪࠷࡝࠷ࠊᚉᮮࡡㄕ᪺࡚ࡢぞ์ࡷโ
⣑ࢅ⏕࠷࡙セࡈࡿ࡝࠷Ꮔ㡚㏻⤾࠾ࡼ᪝ᮇㄊࡡ㡚㒼าㄵ୕ᤴ㝎ࡈࡿ࡝࠷㡚㏻⤾ࢅᑙ࠷࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡐࡵࡐ
ࡵ࡝ࡏ㡚㒼าㄵ୕セࡈࡿ࡝࠷Ꮔ㡚㏻⤾࠿ථງ࡞Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡖࡒࡡࡓࢀ࠹࠾ࠊ
ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡㄕ᪺࡚ࡢࠉ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾᙟᘟࢅᙟឺ⣪࡞ฦᯊࡊࠉථງ㸝ࡵࡊࡂࡢᇱᗇᵾ♟㸞ࢅスᏽࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ
ࡆࡿࡢࠉㄊᙟࡡᵋᠺࢅ㏻㎙Ⓩ(syntagmatic)࡞ฦᯊࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
㏻ྙⓏ(paradigmatic)࡝ふⅤ࠾ࡼິボࡡㄊᙟࢅಟ▌ࡌࡾ࡛ s ㄊ᰷ິボ௧አࠉ⌟ᅹᙟ࡛ࢷᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ
࠿ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡞Ẵࡘࡂࠊ
1
"Opacity in various guises is the main and perhaps only challenge to parallelism." (McCarthy 2002:166).
(3)
Ꮔ㡚ㄊᖷິボ
ẍ㡚ㄊᖷິボ
⌟ᅹᙟ
ฝࡌ(2)
᭡ࡂ(2)
࡛ࡾ(2)
㣍ࡩ(2)
ぜࡾ(2)
ࢷᙟ
ฝࡊ࡙(3)
᭡࠷࡙(2)
࡛ࡖ࡙(2)
㣍ࢆ࡚(2)
ぜ࡙(2)
㐛ཡᙟ㸝୷ᣋᘴහࡢ㡚⟿ᩐ㸞
ฝࡊࡒ(3)
᭡࠷ࡒ(2)
࡛ࡖࡒ(2)
㣍ࢆࡓ(2) 㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ྜྷࡋ
ぜࡒ(2)
(3)࡞ࣛࢪࢹ࢓ࢴࣈࡊࡒິボࡢࠉ᪝ᮇㄊࡡṌྍࡡ୯࡚ᖏ࡞⌟ᅹᙟ࣬ࢷᙟ࣬㐛ཡᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ྜྷࡋࡓࡖࡒࢂࡄ
࡚ࡢ࡝࠷ࠊ㆗ㄵࢅ々㞟࡞ࡊ࡝࠷ࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ㐛ཡࢅ⾪ࡌさ⣪࠿ࠔࡒࡽ㸝㸳ࡒࡾ㸞㸳ࡒࠕ࡛ን໩ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࡢࡈࡊ࠵
ࡒࡽၡ㢗࡞ࡊ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡻ࠹ࠊs ㄊ᰷ິボࢅࡡࡑࡂᏄ㡚ㄊᖷິボࡢ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾ๑ࡢ㡚⟿ᩐ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࠉࠔ⌟
ᅹᙟӆ㹰ࢷᙟࠉ㐛ཡᙟ㹲ࠕ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠉ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ࠔ⌟ᅹᙟ㸲ࢷᙟ㸲㐛ཡᙟࠕ࡛࡝ࡖ
ࡒࠊẍ㡚ㄊᖷິボࡢࠉཿࡂ࠾ࡼࡡୌṹὩ⏕ິボࡡሔྙࠉᪿ࠾ࡼ⌟ᅹᙟ࡛ࢷᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿➴ࡊ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ㐛ཡᙟ
ࡢࠔࢰࣛࠕ࠿ 1 㡚⟿໩ࡊࡒ᫤Ⅴ࡚⌟ᅹᙟࡷࢷᙟ࡛ྜྷࡋ㡚⟿ᩐ࡞࡝ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡㄊᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐࡡን໩ࢅᅒᘟ
໩ࡌࡾ࡛ḗࡡࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
(4)
Ꮔ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボࡡ᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ
⌟ᅹᙟ㸯 n㸝᭡ࡂ㸞
ࢷᙟ㸯
n +1㸝᭡ࡀ࡙㸞
㐛ཡᙟ㸯 n +2㸝᭡ࡀࡒࡽ㸳᭡ࡀࡒࡾ㸞
ẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボࡡ᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ
⌟ᅹᙟ㸯 n㸝ぜࡾ㸞
ࢷᙟ㸯
n㸝ぜ࡙㸞
㐛ཡᙟ㸯 n +1㸝ぜࡒࡽ㸳ぜࡒࡾ㸞
㸳
㸳
㸳
n (ka.ku.) (n =2)
n (kai.te)
n (kai.ta)
㸳
㸳
㸳
n (mi.ru) (n =1)
n (mi.te)
n (mi.ta)
⌟ᅹᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟࡐࡊ࡙ࢷᙟࢅࡐࡿࡑࡿ᫤โ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࠔ⌟ᅹࠕ
ࠔ㐛ཡࠕ
ࠔ↋ᵾ㸝ᵋᩝࡡ୹さ㒂࡞౪Ꮛ㸞ࠕࢅ⾪ࡌ
⾪⌟࡛ࡌࡾ࡛ࠉ᫤โ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⾪⌟࠿㡚⟿ᩐࢅࡐࢀ࠻ࡾ᪁ྡྷ࡚ິボࡡᙟᘟ࠿ን໩ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡን໩࡞ࡢ᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡡ㛣ࡡ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅさịࡌࡾโ⣑࠿㛭୙ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ
ࡐࡊ࡙ࡐࡡโ⣑࠿⌟ᅹࡵୌᏽ⛤ᗐࡡ㧏࠷న⨠ࡘࡄ࡞࠵ࡽࠉ㡚౼ࡡ⏍㉫ࡡິᶭ௛ࡄ࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ
㡚⟿ᩐࡡን໩࡞㛭୙ࡊࡒโ⣑࡛ࡊ࡙௧ୖࡡโ⣑ࢅ᝷ᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡌࡾࠊ2
(5)
㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ㸝᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟, 㡚⟿ᩐ㸞
㸯ᡜ୙ࡡິボࡡ᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡢ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ྜྷࡋ࡚࡝ࡄࡿࡣ࡝ࡼ࡝࠷ࠊ
PU(σ)࡛┤␆ࠊ
ẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボࡡሔྙࠉ
ࠔࡒࡽࠕ࠿ࠔࡒࠕ࡞ን໩ࡊࡒ᫤Ⅴ࡚ࡆࡡโ⣑ࢅᖏ࡞‫‮‬㊂ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊୌ᪁ࠉ
࠾ࡗ࡙ࡡᏄ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢࠉరࡼ࠾ࡡᡥṹ࡚ࢷᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐࢅ΅ࡼࡈ࡝࠷࡛ PU(σ)࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㐢ཬ࠿⏍
ࡋ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ
PU(σ)ࢅ‫‮‬㊂ࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࢷᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟࡡ㡚⟿ᩐࢅ΅ᑛࡈࡎࡾ᪁Ἢࡢ஦ࡗ࠵ࡾࠊㄊᙟࡡ୯ࡡ࡜ࡆ࠾ࡡ㡚⟿ࢅ
୷ࡇ࡛⬲ⴘࡈࡎࡾ᪁Ἢ㸝kakite > kate㸞࡛Ꮔ㡚ࡵࡊࡂࡢẍ㡚ࢅ⬲ⴘࡈࡎ࡙஦ࡗࡡ㍇㡚⟿ࢅୌࡗࡡ㔔㡚⟿࡞ࡌࡾ
᪁Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᐁ㝷࡞⏍ࡋࡒࡡࡢᚃ⩽࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㡚⟿ᩐ΅ᑛࢪࢹࣚࢷࢩ࣭ࡡ㐽ᢝ࡞ᙔࡒࡖ࡙㔔さ࡝ᙲ๪ࢅᯕࡒࡊ
ࡒࡡࡢࠉ/-te/࠽ࡻࡦ/-ta/࡞඙⾔ࡌࡾさ⣪࡞㛭୙Ⓩ࡝ࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑࡚࠵ࡖࡒ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
ࡆࡡโ⣑࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⩻࠻ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉິボࡡᙟឺⓏᵋᠺ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⩻࠻ࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡊ࠵ࡒࡽࠉ᪝ᮇㄊິ
ボࡡᙟឺᵋ㏸࡛ࡊ࡙(6b)ࡡᵋ㏸ࢅ௫ᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡻ࠹㸝Shibatani 1990 ཤ↯㸞ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉ/-te/࠽ࡻࡦ/-ta/ࡢㄊ
ᖷ㸝Ὡ⏕ᙟ㸞࡞௛ᒌࡌࡾ࡛௫ᏽࡌࡾࠊಀ㡚౼ࡡᵋ㏸ࢅ(6b)࡞♟ࡌࠊ
(6)
a. [[[kas]ㄊ᰷
i]ㄊᖷ ta]༟ㄊ㸝㈒ࡊࡒ㸞 b. [[[C
Ὡ⏕ᙟ ᖷẍ㡚
t
V
o
C]ㄊ᰷]ㄊᖷ CV]༟ㄊ㸝ཱིࡖࡒ㸞
r
ta
Ꮔ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢ㡚౼ᙟࡵྱࡳࡌ࡬࡙ࡡὩ⏕ᙟ࡚࣓࣭ࣚᩐ࠿ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝ࠔ᭡ࡂࠕ
㸯kaka (nai), kaki (tai), kake
(ba), kaku, kai (ta)㸞
ࠊẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢࠉᮅ↓ᙟ࡛㏻⏕ᙟ࡛ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⤂Ḿᙟࡷᕥ↓ᙟࡢẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢࠉ
/-te/࠽ࡻࡦ/-ta/࠿௛ᒌࡌࡾᙟᘟ࡛࣓࣭ࣚᩐ࠿␏࡝ࡽࠉ1 ࣓࣭ࣚኣ࠷ࠊᮅ↓ᙟ࡛㏻⏕ᙟࡢ࡜ࡡິボ࡚ࡵ࣓࣭ࣚᩐ
2
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚⏕࠷ࡾ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑ࡢࠉSteriade (2000)ࡡᥞ၌ࡌࡾὩ⏕༟ୌᛮ(Paradigm Uniformity)ࡡୌ⛸࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
࠿➴ࡊ࠷ࠊ
㡚౼ᙟࡢ㏳᫤Ⓩ࡞ࡢ㏻⏕ᙟ࡞㐫ࡾࠊ㡚౼ᙟࢅ㏻⏕ᙟࡡ௯㛣࡞ථࡿࡾ࡛㏻⏕ᙟࡢ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ୌᏽ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂ࡝ࡾࠊ
ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉ࣓࣭ࣚᩐ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢᡜ୙ࡡິボࡡ㏻⏕ᙟࡢᖏ࡞ྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡡ⫴ᬊ࡞ࡢࠉ௧ୖ࡞♟ࡌ㡡ᚂ
Ⓩ༟ୌᛮโ⣑࠿Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
(7)
㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ(㏻⏕ᙟㄊᖷ, ࣓࣭ࣚᩐ): ᡜ୙ࡡິボࡡ㏻⏕ᙟㄊᖷࡢ㡚౼ᙟࡵྱࡴ࣓࣭ࣚᩐ࠿➴ࡊࡂ࡝ࡄ
ࡿࡣ࡝ࡼ࡝࠷ࠊPU(µ)࡛┤␆ࠊ
๑ฝࡡ PU(σ)࡛ࡆࡡ PU(µ)࠿࡛ࡵ࡞┞ᑊⓏ࡞㧏࠷న⨠ࡘࡄ࡞࠵ࡾโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࡡࡵ࡛࡚ࡢࠉㄊᖷ㒂ฦࡡ࣓
࣭ࣚᩐࢅን࠻࡝࠷⠂ᅑ࡚᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡡ㡚⟿ᩐࢅࡐࢀ࠻ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ᵕࠍ࡝㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪ࠿⏍ࡋࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
ḗ⟿࡚ࡢ஦ࡗࡡ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑࡛௙ࡡโ⣑ࡡ┞பష⏕ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊࠉ㡚౼ࡡ⏍ࡋࡾโ⣑ࡡࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࢅ᪺ࡼ
࠾࡞ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ
4. 㡚౼࡞㛭୙ࡌࡾโ⣑࡛㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࡡ┞பష⏕
ㄊᖷࡡ࣓࣭ࣚᩐࢅን࠻ࡍ࡞᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟ࡡ㡚⟿ᩐࢅᥖ࠻ࡾ᪁Ἢࡢ஦ࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ⏍ᠺ㡚㡡ㄵ࡞ࡻࡾ඙⾔◂✪࡛
ྜྷᵕ࡞⌟ᅹ᪝ᮇㄊࡡࢷᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟࡡᙟឺⓏᵋᠺ࡛ࡊ࡙ࠔㄊ᰷㸠᥃㎙ࠕࢅ᝷ᏽࡌࡾ࡝ࡼࡣࠉ௧ୖ࡞ᅒ♟ࡌࡾࡻ
࠹࡞ㄊ᰷ࡡᮆᑹࡡᏄ㡚ࢅಀ㡚࠾᧍㡚࡞ን࠻ࡾࡵࡊࡂࡢẍ㡚࡛⨠ࡀᥦ࠻ࡾᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ
(8)
[[[CVC]ㄊ᰷ ]ㄊᖷ -te]
Ѝ
CVQ-te
CVN-te
CVV-te
࡜ࡡᡥṹ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ᥖ࠹࠾ࡢࠉㄊ᰷ᮆࡡᏄ㡚࡞㛭୙ࡌࡾโ⣑࡛ࡡ㛭౿࡚Ửࡱࡾࠊ
㡚౼࡞㛭୙Ⓩ࡝᭯ᵾᛮโ⣑ࡢࠉ஦ࡗ࠵ࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ࡜ࡡ㡚౼ᙟ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵࠉࡐࡿ⮤మ࡚ㄢ㡚న⨠
ࡡᣞᏽࢅᣚࡗ㡚⟿ᮆᏄ㡚ࡢ⏍ࡋ࡝࠷ࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉ࿰ㄊ࡚ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞ᤴ㝎ࡈࡿࡾ㡚㏻⤾࡚࠵ࡾ᧍㡚࡛↋ኇᏄ㡚࠿㏻
⤾ࡌࡾᵋ㏸ࡵ⏍ࡋ࡝࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ(9)࡞♟ࡌ஦ࡗࡡ᭯ᵾᛮโ⣑ࡢ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑ࡻࡽࡵ୕న࡞࠵ࡾࡵࡡ
࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
(9)
CodaCond: 㡚⟿ᮆᏄ㡚࠿ࡐࡿ⮤మ࡚ㄢ㡚న⨠ࡡᣞᏽࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷࡙ࡢ࡝ࡼ࡝࠷ࠊ
*NC: ᧍㡚࡛↋ኇᏄ㡚ࡡ㏻⤾ࢅᅂ㑂ࡎࡻࠊ
CodaCond ࡞㐢ཬࡊ࡝࠷࠾ࡒࡔ࡚㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࢅ‫‮‬㊂ࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉㄊ᰷ᮆᏄ㡚ࢅಀ㡚࠾᧍㡚࡞ን࠻ࡾᚪ
さ࠿࠵ࡾࠊಀ㡚࡛᧍㡚ࡢㄢ㡚న⨠ࢅᚃ⤾ࡌࡾᏄ㡚࡞ᨥ㒼ࡈࡿࡾさ⣪࡝ࡡ࡚ CodaCond ࡞㐢ཬࡊ࡝࠷ࠊಀ㡚౼
࡛᧍㡚౼ࡢ CodaCond ࡛㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࡡ┞பష⏕ࡡ⤎ᯕ࡛⩻࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ᧍㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾ㝷࡞ᚃ⤾ࡌ
ࡾᏄ㡚࠿᭯ኇ໩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ*NC ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ㄕ᪺࡚ࡀࡾࠊරమⓏ࡝フ౮᪁Ἢ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ⾪ 1 ࡡ(i)࡛(ii)ࢅཤ↯ࠊ
㌶ཾ⵱Ꮔ㡚࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷ࡡິボ࡚ಀ㡚౼ࡷ᧍㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋ࡝࠷ࡡࡢࠉ㌶ཾ⵱ᛮࡡᣞᏽࡡን᭞ࢅ⚏ࡋࡾᚽᐁᛮ
โ⣑ Id(dor)࠿㧏࠷న⨠ࡘࡄ࡞࠵ࡾࡒࡴ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊಀ㡚໩ࡷ᧍㡚໩ࡢ Id(dor)࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㐢ཬࢅᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡌࠊ
ಀ㡚໩ࡷ᧍㡚໩࡞ソ࠻ࡍ࡞㡚⟿ᩐ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࢅ‫‮‬㊂ࡈࡎࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉ㌶ཾ⵱Ꮔ㡚ࡐࡡࡵࡡࢅ๎㝎
ࡌࡾ࡮࠾࡝࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡐࡿࡓࡄ࡚ࡢ PU(µ)࡞㐢ཬࡌࡾᵋ㏸࡞࡝ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉ㌶ཾ⵱Ꮔ㡚ࡡ࠾ࢂࡽ࡞రࡼ࠾ࡡさ
⣪ࢅ࠵࡙࠿࠹ᚪさ࠿࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ࡞ẍ㡚 i ࠿᣼ථࡈࡿࡒࡡ࠿࢕㡚౼࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ/g/࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷ࡡິボ
ࡡሔྙࠉ࢕㡚౼࡞ࡻࡽ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩ࡡ᮪௲࡚࠵ࡖࡒ/g/࠿ᾐ࠻࡙ࡵᚃ⤾ࡌࡾ/t/᭯ኇ໩࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢࠉ᭯ኇᛮ
ࡡᣞᏽࡡ๎㝎ࢅ⚏ࡋࡾᚽᐁᛮโ⣑ Max(voi)࠿୕న࡞࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ᭯ኇᛮྜྷ໩࡛
࢕㡚౼ࡡ┞பష⏕࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ⾪ 1 ࡡ(iii)ࢅཤ↯ࠊ
s ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢࠉୌวࡡ㡚౼⌟㇗࠿⏍ࡋࡍ i ࡡ᣼ථ࠿㉫ࡀ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉ᣼ථẍ㡚 i ࢅఔ࠹ࢷᙟ࡛㐛ཡᙟ
ࡢ⌟ᅹᙟࡻࡽࡵ㡚⟿ᩐ࠿ 1 㡚⟿ኣࡂ㡚⟿࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ࡞㐢ཬࡌࡾᵋ㏸࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ୕న࡞
࠵ࡾరࡼ࠾ࡡโ⣑࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㡡ᚂⓏኣᵕᛮ࡞㛭ࡌࡾさị࠿≓∽࡞࡝ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅណ࿝ࡌࡾࠊ/s/ࢅಀ㡚࡞ࡌࡾ࡛ᚽ
ᐁᛮโ⣑ Id(cont)࡞㐢ཬࡌࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉ/s/ࢅ๎㝎ࡊ࢕㡚౼ࢅ㉫ࡆࡌ࡛ᣚ⤾ᛮࡡᣞᏽࡡ๎㝎ࢅ⚏Ḿࡌࡾ Max(cont)
࡞㐢ཬࡌࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑࠿㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࡻࡽࡵ୕న࡞࠵ࡾሔྙࠉ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࢅ≓∽࡞ࡊ࡙ẍ㡚 i
ࡡ᣼ථ࠿⏍ࡋࡾࠊs ㄊ᰷ິボ࡞㛭ࡌࡾโ⣑ࡡ┞பష⏕࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ⾪ 1 ࡡ(iv)ࢅཤ↯ࠊ
㡚౼⌟㇗࡞ࡻࡖ࡙≓∽࡞࡝ࡾᚽᐁᛮโ⣑ࡢ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑ࡻࡽࡵୖన࡞࠵ࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊ
ࡒୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࡡࡢࠉẍ㡚ࡡ᣼ථࢅ⚏ࡋࡾ Dep-VࠉᏄ㡚ࡡ᣼ථࢅ⚏ࡋࡾ Max-C ࡐࡊ࡙ㄢ㡚
న⨠ࡡን᭞ࢅ⚏ࡋࡾ Id(pl)࡛᭯ኇᛮࡡን᭞ࢅ⚏ࡋࡾ Id(voi)࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡ⩻ᐳ࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡾโ⣑ࡡࣚࣤ࢞
ࣤࢡࢅ(10)࡞♟ࡌࠊ
(10) a. โ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡ
᭩୕నࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑, 㡚⟿ᵋ㏸࡞㛭ࡌࡾโ⣑ >> 㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ >> ୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑
b. โ⣑ࡡࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ
᭩୕నࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑㸯Max(cont), Id(cont), Id(dorsal), IdOns(place), Max(voi)
㡚⟿ᵋ㏸࡞㛭ࡌࡾโ⣑㸯CodaCond, *NC
㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑㸯PU(σ), PU(µ)
ୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑㸯Max-C, Dep-V, Id(place), Id(voice)
ẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢࠉ⌟ᅹᙟࡷࢷᙟࡐࡊ࡙㐛ཡᙟࢅᙟᠺࡌࡾ᥃㎙ࢅ௛ຊࡊࡒᵋ㏸࠿஦ࡗࡡ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑
ࢅ‫‮‬㊂ࡌࡾᵋ㏸࡞࡝ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴࠉ㡚౼࡞ࡻࡽᵋ㏸࡞ን᭞ࢅຊ࠻ࡾᚪさ࠿࡝࠷ࠊ
ࠔ㛜ࡀ࡙ࠕࡢࠔ㛜࠷࡙ࠕ࡞࡝
ࡖࡒࡡ࡞ᑊࡊࠔ㣤ࡀ࡙ࠕࡢ㡚౼⌟㇗ࢅ⿍ࡼ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡡࡢࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝஥᝗࡞ࡻࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑࡞ᇱࡘࡂ㡚౼⌟㇗ࡡㄕ᪺ࡢࠉ
ࠔ᭡࠷࡙ࠕ࡛ࠔ᭡ࡀࡒ࠷ࠕࡡ㡚౼࡞࠽ࡄࡾᕣ␏ࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾ୕
࡚ࡵᙲ❟ࡗࠊ
ࠔ᭡ࡂࠕ
ࠔ᭡࠷࡙ࠕ
ࠔ᭡࠷ࡒࠕࡢྜྷࡋິボࡡ᫤โ㛭㏻⾪⌟࡛ࡊ࡙ୌࡗࡡࢡ࣭ࣜࣈࢅᙟᠺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡒ
ࡴࠉ㡚⟿ᩐ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑࠿㛭୙Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾࠊୌ᪁ࠉ
ࠔ᭡ࡀࡒ࠷ࠕࡢࠔ᭡ࡀࡒࡂ࡝࠷ࠕࠔ᭡ࡀࡒࡄࡿ
ࡣࠕ࡝࡜ࡡὩ⏕ᙟ࠾ࡼ᪺ࡼ࠾࡝ࡻ࠹࡞Ὡ⏕࠿ᙟᐖボⓏ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽ㏑ㄊࡡ々ྙ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ဗボ㌹ᥦ࠿⏍ࡋ࡙
࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊဗボ࠿␏࡝ࡾࡒࡴࠔ᭡ࡀࡒ࠷ࠕࡢࠔ᭡ࡂࠕ࡛ࡡ㛣࡞㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮࢅさịࡈࡿ࡝࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻
࡞㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾᚪさ࠿࡝࠷ࠊ
ࠔ᭡ࡀᡥࠕࡵࠔ᭡ࡀࡒ࠷ࠕࡡሔྙ࡛ྜྷࡋ⌦⏜࡚㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋ࡝࠷ࠊࠔ᭡ࡂࠕ࡛ဗボ
࠿␏࡝ࡾࡒࡴࠉྞボ࡚࠵ࡾࠔ᭡ࡀᡥࠕࡢ PU(σ)࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠔ᭡ࡂࠕ࡛㡚⟿ᩐࢅᥖ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅさịࡈࡿ࡝࠷ࠊ
5. 㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ࡞ࡻࡾㄕ᪺ࡡ࣒ࣛࢴࢹ
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚ᥞ၌ࡌࡾฦᯊࡢࠉ㟸Ὤ⏍Ⓩ࡚࠵ࡾⅤ࡚୩า୹⩇ࢅ≁ᚡ࡛ࡌࡾ᭩㐲ᛮ⌦ㄵ࡛ᩒྙᛮ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ⌦ㄵⓏ
ᩒྙᛮ௧አ࡞ᑛ࡝ࡂ࡛ࡵ୔ࡗࡡ࣒ࣛࢴࢹࢅᣪࡅࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ㢦ᆵⓏ࡞᰷ᣈࢅᣚࡒ࡝࠷᭯ᵾᛮโ⣑࡞౪Ꮛ
ࡊ࡝ࡂ࡙ࡻ࠷ࡆ࡛ࠉ㏳᫤Ⓩን໩ࡡㄕ᪺࡞ࡵᙲ❟ࡗࡆ࡛ࠉࡐࡊ࡙᪁ゕ㛣ࡡࣁ࢙࣭ࣛࢨࣘࣤࡡㄕ᪺࡞ᙲ❟ࡗࡆ࡛
࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
5.1. 㢦ᆵⓏ࡞᰷ᣈࢅᣚࡒ࡝࠷᭯ᵾᛮโ⣑࡞౪ Ꮛࡊ ࡝࠷
㡚౼࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⏍ࡋࡾ㡚⟿ࡢࡌ࡬࡙㔔㡚⟿࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙❉ⷭ(1995)ࡢ㍇㡚⟿ࢅᤴ㝎ࡌࡾโ⣑࡞ࡻࡾ
ㄕ᪺ࢅモࡲ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ஦ࡗࡡ㍇㡚⟿ࡡᙟࢅን࠻࡙ࡻࡽ↋ᵾ࡚࠵ࡾ㔔㡚⟿ࢅᙟᠺࡊࡒࡡ࠿㡚౼࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ฦᯊ
࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢪࢹࣝࢪ࡝࡜ࡡ᮪௲࠿ຊࢂࡿࡣリࡢืࡓ࠿ࠉ㍇㡚⟿ࡻࡽࡵ㔔㡚⟿ࡡ᪁࠿↋ᵾ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡡࡢ㢦ᆵ
Ⓩ࡞ぜ࡙࠽࠾ࡊ࠷ࠊ㍇㡚⟿㸝୯࡚ࡵ CV ࡡ⤎ྙ㸞࠿㡚⟿ᵋ㏸࡛ࡊ࡙↋ᵾ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢࠉPrince & Smolensky
(1993:98-99)࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵᣞᦤࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊẍ㡚ࡡ㛏▯ࡡ༇ืࡡ࠵ࡾゕㄊ࡚▯ẍ㡚ࡡ᪁࠿㛏ẍ㡚ࡻࡽ
ࡵฝ⌟㢎ᗐ࠿㧏࠷ࡆ࡛㸝Greenberg 1966:20㸞ࡵ㔔㡚⟿ࡡ᪁࠿㍇㡚⟿ࡻࡽ᭯ᵾ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࡡࢦ࣭࣎ࢹ࡞࡝ࡾࡓ
ࢀ࠹ࠊࡊࡒ࠿ࡖ࡙ࠉ㍇㡚⟿ࡡࠔ᭯ᵾᛮࠕ࡞౪Ꮛࡌࡾ❉ⷭ(1995)ࡡㄕ᪺ࡢ㢦ᆵⓏ࡞ぜ࡙୘⮤↓࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇⓆ⾪
ࡡฦᯊ࡚ࡢࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝୘⮤↓࡝โ⣑࡞ࡻࡾㄕ᪺࠿ᚪさ࡝࠷ࠊᮇⓆ⾪ࡡฦᯊ࡚ࡢࠉ❉ⷭ(1995)ࡡㄕ᪺࡛ࡢ㏣࡞ࠉ
㡚౼ࡡᙟᠺࢅ↋ᵾ࡝ᵋ㏸࠾ࡼ᭯ᵾ࡝ᵋ㏸࡫ࡡን໩࡛࡛ࡼ࠻ࡾࠊ㡚౼࡞ࡻࡖ࡙᭯ᵾ࡝㡚⟿ᵋ㏸㸝㔔㡚⟿㸞࠿⏍
ࡋࡒࡡࡢࠉㄊᙟࡡ㛣ࡡ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ࡛࠷࠹ᙟឺⓏさị࡞ࡻࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
5.2. ㏳᫤Ⓩን໩
ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡚ࡢ඙⾔◂✪࡛ྜྷᵕࠉ㡚౼ࡡ⏍ࡋࡾᙟᘟࡡථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ິボㄊ᰷-{te, ta}ࢅ᝷ᏽࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ(10)
ࡡโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࢅ⏕࠷ࡒሔྙࠉථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ິボㄊ᰷-{te, ta}ࢅ᝷ᏽࡊ࡙ࡵ㏻⏕ᙟ-{te, ta}ࢅ᝷ᏽࡊ࡙ࡵྜྷࡋ⤎
ᯕ࠿ᚋࡼࡿࡾࠊḗⅤ௧ୖࡡ㡨ᗆࡢ␏࡝ࡾ࠿ࠉ(11)࡞♟ࡌࡻ࠹࡞ࠉㄊ᰷-{te, ta}ࢅථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ㏻⏕ᙟ-{te, ta}ࢅ
ථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵ s ㄊ᰷ິボࢅࡡࡑࡂᏄ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡢ㡚౼ᙟ࠿ࡵࡖ࡛ࡵㄢ࿰Ⓩ࡛フ౮ࡈࡿࡾࠊ
(11)
a. ථງ㸲ㄊ᰷-{te, ta}ࡡሔྙࡡㄢ࿰Ⓩ㡨న
/tor-te/: totta f torite f tote f torte
/tog-te/: toide f togite, tode f togte f tonde f tonte f totte
/kas-te/: kasite f kaste f kaite f kate f katte
b. ථງ㸲㏻⏕ᙟ-{te,
!
!
!ta}ࡡሔྙࡡㄢ࿰Ⓩ㡨న
f
/tori-te/:
totte
torite
!
! f tote
! f torte!
!
f
f
/togi-te/:
toide
togite
tode
!
!
!
!f tonde f togte f toite f totte
/kasi-te/: kasite f kaite, kaste f kate f katte
!
!
!
ࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡒ㏳᫤Ⓩ࡝ን໩ࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ୕࡚㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㡚౼ᙟࡢ㏳᫤Ⓩ࡞ࡢ㏻⏕ᙟ࠾ࡼὬ⏍ࡊࡒࠊ
!
!
!
!
!
!
㡚౼ᙟࡡᙟᠺࡢࠉ(12a)࠾ࡼ(12b)࡫ࡡโ⣑ࡡ්㒼⨠࡞ࡻࡖ࡙⏍ࡋࡒࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ
!
!
!
(12)
a. ୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑ >> 㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑㸯㏻⏕ᙟ-te
b. 㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑ >> ୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑㸯㡚౼ᙟ-te
㡚౼ᙟࡢ࠵ࡾ᪝✲↓㏻⏕ᙟ࡛⨠ࡀᥦࢂࡖࡒࡡ࡚ࡢ࡝ࡂࠉ㏻⏕ᙟ࡛ᩝమⓏ࡝ᑊ❟ࢅᣚࡖࡒ࠾ࡒࡔ࡚භᏋࡊ࡙
࠷ࡒ᭿㛣ࢅ⤊࡙⌟ᅹࡡࡻ࠹࡝/-te/࡞᥃⤾ࡌࡾさ⣪࡛ࡊ࡙☔❟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡖࡒ㸝ᑚᮿ 1981㸞
ࠊࡆࡡ㏳᫤Ⓩን໩ࢅᤂ࠻
ࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡢࠉ㏻⏕ᙟ࡛භᏋࡌࡾ࠾ࡒࡔ࡚㡚౼ᙟ࠿⏍ࡋࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡖࡒṹ㝭࡚㏻⏕ᙟ-te ࢅථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵḿࡊࡂ
㡚౼ᙟࢅᑙࡂࡆ࡛ࡡ࡚ࡀࡾโ⣑ࡡࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡ࠿ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇⓆ⾪࡚ᥞ᱄ࡊࡒโ⣑ࡡࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࡢ(11b)࡞♟
ࡊࡒࡻ࠹࡞㏻⏕ᙟ-te ࡡථງ࠾ࡼ࡚ࡵ㡚౼ᙟࢅᑙࡂࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ㡚౼ࡡᙟᠺ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ㏳᫤Ⓩን໩ࡢࠉ(12a)
ࡡࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࡡࡲࡡ᫤௥㸝㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋ࡝࠷ṹ㝭㸞㸳(12a)࡛(12b)࠿ᩝమⓏ࡞౐࠷ฦࡄࡼࡿࡒ᫤௥㸝㏻⏕ᙟ࡛㡚
౼ᙟࡡභᏋ᫤௥㸞㸳(12b)ࡡࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࡡࡲࡡ᫤௥㸝/-te/࡞඙⾔ࡌࡾさ⣪࡛ࡊ࡙㡚౼ᙟ࠿ᅖᏽࡊࡒ᫤௥㸞࡛࠷
࠹࠾ࡒࡔ࡚ᤂ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
⌟௥ࡡࡻ࠹࡞/-te/࡞඙⾔ࡌࡾさ⣪࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵࡖࡤࡼ㡚౼ᙟ࠿⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡾṹ㝭࡚ࡡථງࡢࠉ࠾ࡗ࡙ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㏻⏕
ᙟ࡝ࡡ࠾ࡐࡿ࡛ࡵ⌟௥᪝ᮇㄊ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ඙⾔◂✪࠿௫ᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ິボㄊ᰷࡝ࡡ࠾࡛࠷࠹ၡ㢗࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⩻
࠻࡙ࡲࡒ࠷ࠊ➠ 4 ⟿࡚♟ࡊࡒโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࡢࠉ㏻⏕ᙟ+te ࢅථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵິボㄊ᰷+te ࢅථງ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡵᐁᅹ
ࡌࡾ㡚ᙟࢅᑙࡂࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾ࠿ࠉスᏽࡌࡾථງ࡞ࡻࡽ㐢ཬࡌࡾโ⣑ࡡᩐ࠿␏࡝ࡾࠊ⾪㸧࠿♟ࡌࡻ࠹࡞ಀ㡚౼
ࡷ᧍㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾሔྙࠉິボㄊ᰷ࢅථງ࡛ࡊࡒ᪁࠿㐢ཬ࠿㍇࠷ࠊୌ᪁ࠉ࢕㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾሔྙ࡛ s ㄊᖷິボࡡ
ሔྙࠉ㏻⏕ᙟࢅථງ࡛ࡊࡒ᪁࠿㐢ཬ࠿㍇࠷࡛フ౮ࡈࡿࡾࠊㄊᙙࡡ᭩㐲໩ࡡふⅤ࠾ࡼࡌࡾ࡛/-te/࡞඙⾔ࡌࡾさ⣪
࡛ࡊ࡙ୌᚂ࡞ິボㄊ᰷ࢅ᝷ᏽࡌࡾ࡬ࡀ࡝ࡡ࠾්᳠ゞࡡఴᆀ࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡞࡝ࡾࠊ
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚ᥞ᱄ࡊࡒฦᯊࡢࠉ㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡒ⎌ሾ࡛㡚ኇⓏ࡞㢦జࡊ࡙࠷ࡒẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡛/-te/ࡡ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡷ
ࠔ㏻⏕ᙟ㸠㹰ᡥࠉࡒ࠷㸝㸱ࡒࡊ㸞㹲ࠕ࡚㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋ࡝࠾ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡵ᭯ຝ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙
ࡢ➠ 4 ⟿࡚㏑࡬ࡒࠊẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋ࡝࠾ࡖࡒ⌦⏜࡛ࡊ࡙ྜྷ㡚⾢✲ࡡᅂ㑂ࢅ♟ြࡌࡾฦᯊ㸝ᑚᮿ
1981:183㸞ࡵ࠵ࡾ࠿ࠉ
ࠔ㈑࠹ࠕࠔົࡗࠕࠔศࡾࠕࡡ㐛ཡᙟ࠿ྜྷ㡚ࡡ[katta]࡞࡝ࡖࡒゕㄊమ⣌࡚࡝ࡏẍ㡚ㄊ᰷ິボ
࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡓࡄྜྷ㡚⾢✲ᅂ㑂࠿ᶭ⬗ࡊࡒࡡ࠾ㄕ᪺࡚ࡀ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࠊᮇⓆ⾪ࡡฦᯊ࡚ࡢࠉ㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮโ⣑ࡡ㛭୙
ࡡ᭯↋࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ
5.3. โ⣑ࡡථࡿ᭨࠻࡞ࡻࡽ᪁ゕᕣࢅᢍᥩ
୯㒂ᆀ᪁࡞ࡢ s ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡵ࢕㡚౼࠿⏍ࡋࡾ᪁ゕ࠿࠵ࡾ㸝⚗஬ 1982㸞ࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹࡝᪁ゕ࡚ࡢࠉMax(cont)ࡡ
న⨠ࡘࡄ࠿(10)ࡡโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡ࡛ࡢ␏࡝ࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊMax(cont)࠿ୖనࡡᚽᐁᛮโ⣑࡛ࡊ࡙న⨠ࡘ
ࡄࡼࡿࡾโ⣑ࣚࣤ࢞ࣤࢡࢅ᝷ᏽࡌࡾ࡛ࠉs ㄊ᰷ິボ࡚ࡵ㌶ཾ⵱Ꮔ㡚࡚⤂ࢂࡾㄊ᰷ࡡິボ࡛ྜྷᵕ࢕㡚౼࠿ᑙ࠾ࡿ
ࡾࠊᮇⓆ⾪࡚ᥞ᱄ࡊࡒฦᯊࡢࠉโ⣑ࡡ්㒼⨠࡞ࡻࡽ᪁ゕ㛣ࡡᕣ␏ࡡㄕ᪺࡞ࡵ⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊ᪝ᮇㄊ᪁
ゕࡡິボὩ⏕࡞ࡢኣᵕ࡝ࣂࢰ࣭ࣤ࠿࠵ࡾࠊ᪁ゕ㛣ࡡ㡚౼⌟㇗ࡡ┞㐢࡞㛭ࡌࡾໜᣋⓏ࡝ฦᯊࡢ௑ᚃࡡㄚ㢗࡛ࡊ
ࡒ࠷ࠊ
6. ࡱ࡛ࡴ
ᮇⓆ⾪࡚ࡢࠉ㡚౼⌟㇗ࡡᘤࡀ㔘࠿㡡ᚂⓏ༟ୌᛮ࡞࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡾ࡛ୌぜ୘㏩᪺࡝㡚㡡ࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡ┞பష⏕ࢅ
㟸Ὤ⏍Ⓩ࡞ㄕ᪺࡚ࡀࡾࡻ࠹࡞࡝ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉࡆࡡฦᯊ᪁Ἢ࡞ࡢ⌦ㄵⓏᩒྙᛮ௧አ࡞ࡵ࣒ࣛ
ࢴࢹ࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡒࠊ
࠘ཤ↯ᩝ⊡࠙
⚗஬⋱. 1982.ࠔ㣍㦄ⴏཋ᪁ゕࡡࢦ⾔࢕㡚౼࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠕ
ࠖゕㄊᏕⁿ⩞ '82ࠗ. 118-26.
Greenberg, J. 1966. Language Universals. The Hague: Mouton.
Kiparsky, P. 2000. Opacity and cyclicity. The Linguistic Review 17. 351-66.
ᑚᮿⱝ㞕. 1981.ࠖ᪝ᮇㄊࡡୠ⏲㸬ࠗ୯ኳපㄵ♣
❉ⷭᬍኰ. 1995.ࠖㄊᙟᠺ࡛㡚㡡ᵋ㏸ࠗࡂࢀࡊ࠽ฝ∟.
McCarthy, J. 1999. Sympathy and phonological opacity. Phonology 16. 331-99.
—, —. 2002. A Thematic Guide to Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McCawley, J. 1968. The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton.
୯㐠ᑠᏄ. 1999.ࠔ᭩㐲ᛮ⌦ㄵ࡞ࡻࡾ᪝ᮇㄊࡡິボὩ⏕ࡡฦᯊࠕ
ࠖ᪝ᮇゕㄊᏕఌ➠ 119 ᅂኬఌ஢✇㞗ࠗ309-14.
Prince, A. & P. Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. MS. Rutgers
University/University of Colorado.
Shibatani, M. 1990. The Languages of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Steriade, D. 2000. Paradigm uniformity and the phonetics-phonology boundary. In J. Pierrehumbert & M. Broe (eds.),
Papers in Laboratory Phonology 5. 313-34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ᚽᐁᛮ
/tor-ta/
Id(dor)
Max(voice)
PU(µ)
PU(σ)
Dep-V
Max-C
Id(pl)
Max-V
PU
Max(cont)
(i)
ᚽᐁᛮ
ID(cont)
㻃
᭯ᵾᛮ㻃
*NC
⾪䠃
CodaCond
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼄㻑㻃 ᚽᐁ㻃
torta
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
☞ 㼅㻑㻃 ಀ㡚໩㻃
totta
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼆㻑㻃 ๎㝎㻃
tota
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼇㻑㻃 ᣼ථ㻃
torita
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 (ii)
/tob-ta/
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼄㻑㻃 ᚽᐁ㻃
tobta
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼅㻑㻃 㰧㡚໩㻃
☞ 㼆㻑㻃 㰧㡚໩䟽᭯ኇ໩㻃
tonta
tonda
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼇㻑㻃 ๎㝎㻃
tota
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
*㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼈㻑㻃 ᣼ථ㻃
tobita
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 (iii)
/tog-ta/
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼄㻑㻃 ᚽᐁ㻃
togta
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼅㻑㻃 ಀ㡚໩㻃
㻃 㻃 㼆㻑㻃 㰧㡚໩䟽᭯ኇ໩㻃
totta
tonda
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㼇㻑㻃 ๎㝎䟽᣼ථ㻃
toita
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
*
㻃
㻃
㻃㻃
㻃
*㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
☞ 㼈㻑㻃 ๎㝎䟽᣼ථ䟽᭯ኇ໩㻃
toida
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼉㻑㻃 ๎㝎䟽᭯ኇ໩㻃
toda
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃 㻃 㼊㻑㻃 ᣼ථ㻃
togita
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
*㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 (iv)
/kas-ta/
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼄㻑㻃 ᚽᐁ㻃
kasta
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼅㻑㻃 ಀ㡚໩㻃
katta
㻃
㻃
*!
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼆㻑㻃 ๎㝎䟽᣼ථ㻃
kaita
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
*
㻃
㻃
㻃 㻃 㼇㻑㻃 ๎㝎㻃
kata
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!
㻃
㻃
*
㻃㻃
*
㻃
㻃
㻃
☞ 㼈㻑㻃 ᣼ථ㻃
kasita
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
*
㻃
㻃
⾪䠄㻃 ථງ
ฝງ
PU(µ)
PU(σ)
Dep-V
Max-C
Id(pl)
Max-V
totta
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
b. tori-ta㻃
totta
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*!㻃
☞
a. tob-ta㻃
tonda
㻃
㻃
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃㻃
b. tobita㻃
tonda
㻃
㻃
㻃
*㻃
*!㻃
a. tog-ta㻃
toida
㻃
㻃
*
*!
☞
b. togi-ta㻃
toida
㻃
㻃
*
㻃
㻃
㻃㻃
a. kas-ta㻃
kasita
㻃
㻃
㻃
☞
b. kasi-ta㻃
kasita
㻃
㻃
☞㻃 㻃 a. tor-ta㻃
[email protected]
http://ext-web.edu.sgu.ac.jp/ksasaki/
㻍㻃 㻃
㻃
*
*!
㻃