とフT:I:-
カザフスタン共和国
ウズベキスタン共和国
トルクメニスタン共和国
プロジェクト･ファインデイング調査報告書
カザフスタン共和国
アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画
新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画
コクサライ･ダム潅慨農業･環境改善計画
ウズベキスタン共和国
トルクメニスタン共和国
フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画
トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画
農業情報センター設立計画
平成11年8月
社団法人
海外農業開発コンサルタンツ協会
カザフスタン共和国
ウズベキスタン共和国
トルクメニスタン共和国
プロジェクト･ファインデイング調査報告書
カザフスタン共和国
アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画
新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画
コクサライ･ダム潅政義業･環境改善計画
ウズベキスタン共和国
フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画
トルクメニスタン共和国
トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画
農業情報センター設立計画
平成11年S月
社団法人
海外農業開発コンサルタンツ協会
まえがき
本報告書は､社団法人海外農業開発コンサルタンツ協会が派遣した富田俊宏(日本工営株式
会社､匡l際事業本部)が､カザフスタン国､ウズベキスタン国およびトルクメニスタン国にて
実施したプロジェクト･ファインデイング調査結果に基づいて作成されたものである｡
調査は平成11年6月8日から7月6日までの29日間実施され､この間資料収集および相
手国政府関係機関との協議を実施するとともに､現場調査を実施した｡なお､調査実施対象案
件は以下に示すとおりである｡
(1)
(2)
カザフスタン国
(a)
アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画
仲)
首都近郊農業･農村開発計画
(c)
コクサライ･ダム濯概農業･環境改善計画
ウズベキスタン国
(a)
フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画
(3)トルクメニスタン国
(a)トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画
仲)農業情報センター設立計画
これら案件の調査結果は次章に示してあり､また､調査団の調査行程､面会者リスト､現地
写真および調査団長略歴はそれぞれ付属資料1-4に示すとおりである｡
調査団は調査実施に際し､各国政府機関並びに日本大使館､匡l際協力事業団の現地事務所の
方々に多大なる協力を得､円滑に業務を遂行することができた｡これら関係諸機関に深甚なる
感謝の意を表する次第である｡
1999年8月
プロジェクト･ファインデイング調査団長
富田
俊宏
カザフスタ
ン共和国
ウズベキスタン共和国
トルクメニスタン共和国
プロジェクト･ファインデイング調査報告書
真
まえがき
Ⅰカザフスタン共和国
1.カザフスタンの概況‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥...‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥ト1
1.1
国土と人口‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.ト1
1.2
地勢‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥ト1
1.3
気候‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.ト1
1.4
社会経済状況..‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥..‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ト2
1.5
農業概況‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥ト2
1.6
農業開発政策‥..‥.‥‥‥..‥..‥‥‥‥‥..‥‥‥‥.......‥.‥ト3
2.アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥ト4
2.1
計画の背景‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥Ⅰ-4
2.2
計画の概要.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥.‥‥ト4
2.3
開発調査‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥.‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥.ト5
2.4
総合所見‥‥…‥‥.‥‥.‥.‥.‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥ト6
3.新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥…‥‥‥‥..‥‥.….‥ト10
3.1
計画の背景‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥ト10
3.2
計画の概要‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ト10
3.3
開発調査‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥ト11
3.4
総合所見.‥‥‥.‥‥.‖‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.Ⅰ-13
4.コクサライ･ダム潅汲農業･環境改善計画‥‥.‥‥‥......‥‥..‥‥‥‥‥.I-16
4.1
計画の背景‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥ト16
4.2
計画の概要.‥.‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥..‥ト16
4.3
開発調査‥‥.‥.‥‥…‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.ト17
4.4
総合所見‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.ト18
ⅠⅠウズベキスタン共和国
1.
ウズベキスタンの概況‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥Ⅰト1
1.1
国土と人口‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥∴‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥Ⅰト1
1.2
国家経済‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥..‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.Ⅰト1
1.3
農業現況‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Ⅰト2
1.4
農業の課題‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥...‥.Ⅰト3
2.フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画‥.‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥..‥.Ⅰト4
2･1計画の背景--･-･--････--.-･･--･--･･--Iト4
2.2
計画の概要‥‥‥......‥‥‥.....‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥....‥‥‥‥‥.II-5
2.3
開発調査.‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Ⅰト6
2.4
総合所見‥‥.‥..‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥….‥.‖‥‥...‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠ-7
ⅠⅠⅠトルクメニスタン共和国
1.トルクメニスタンの概況.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠト1
1.1
国土と人口‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥ⅠⅠト1
1.2
国家経済‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ⅠⅠⅠ-1
1.3
農業現況‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠト2
1.4
農業の課題‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠト3
2.トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥.‥.‥‥ⅠⅠト4
2.1
計画の背景.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥.ⅠⅠⅠ-4
2.2
計画の概要‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥.‥‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.ⅠⅠト4
2.3
開発調査‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥ⅠⅠト6
2.4
総合所見‥...‥‥....‥‥‥‥....‥‥...‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥....‥.ⅠII-6
3.農業情報センター設立計画‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥.‥ⅠⅠト10
3.1
計画の背景‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥‥‥‥ⅠⅠト10
3.2
計画の概要‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠⅠ-10
3.3
開発調査‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥..‥‥‥.‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.‥.‥ⅠⅠト11
3.4
総合所見..‥...‥‥‥....‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥.......‥‥‥‥‥‥.ⅠⅠト12
付属資料A
｢アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画｣開発調査要請書
付属資料B
｢新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画｣開発調査要請書
付属資料C
｢コクサライ･ダム濯概農業･環境改善計画｣開発調査要請書
付属資料D
｢フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画｣開発調査要請書
付属資料E
｢トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画｣開発調査要請書
付属資料F
｢農業情報センター設立計画｣開発調査要請書
漆付資料1
調査団調査行程表
漆付資料2
面談者リスト
添付資料3
現地調査写真集
漆付資料4
調査団長略歴
市
Ⅰ.カザフスタン共和国
1.カザフスタンの概況
1.1
国土と人口
カザフスタン国は､北部および北西部はロシアと､南部はトルクメニスタン共和国､ウズベ
キスタン共和国およびキルギスタン共和国と､東部は中国と接しており､また､西部はカスピ
海と接している内陸国である｡国土面積は2.72百万血2で､東西約3,200血､南北約1,800
km
に広がっている｡
国家統計委員会が1998年に発行した統計書によれば､
1998年におけるカザフスタン国の人
口は約15.6百万人で人口密度は5.7人/kn2となっている.カザフスタン国の人口は1993年に
17.0百万人で最高に達し､それ以後減少し続けている｡
1994年から1998年に至る間の人口増
加率はIl.2%であるo人口減少の原因として､高死亡率と国外流出が挙げられる.なお､都市部
と農村部の人口比率はそれぞれ59臥41r.となっている｡
1.2
地勢
東部および南東部には天山､アラタウおよびアルタイなどの標高の高い山脈が連なっている｡
山岳地帯の面積は小さく､中央東部のカラガンダ付近には標高800
-
1,000
m程度の台地が見
られるほか､山麓から西部はカスピ海､北部はロシアとの国境まで平地が広がる｡西部はカス
ピ海沿岸低地､トウラン低地､北部は西シベリア低地などの平原である｡
これら平地には山脈を水源とする何本かの河川が流れている｡これらは､天山あるいはアラ
タウ山脈を水源とし南部の平原を流れアラル海に注くシルダリア河､南東部を流れパルハシ湖
に流れ込むイリ河および南部の小湖水に流れ込むチュウ河､北西部と西部の平原を流れカスピ
海に流れ込むウラル河とエンバ河などである｡しかしながら､中央平原には大きな河川はない｡
1.3
気候
カザフスタン国は半乾燥大陸性気候帯に属し､低温で乾燥した冬と高温で乾燥した夏によっ
て特徴付けられる｡年降水量は北部地帯の150皿から南部山岳地帯の450皿へと変化する｡
降水の型は地域により異なり､
_北部は夏型であり､ここでは年間降水量の70%が作物の生育期
間である4月から10月にかけて発生する｡一方､南部では冬型であり､作物の播種期である4
月および5月まで降水は多少見られるが､
6月以降10月までの降水は殆ど無い｡
無霜期間は最大200日から最小100日の間にあり､北部および北東部で短く南部および西部
に行くにつれて長くなる｡年平均日照時間は平均2,720時間であるが､これは南部で大きく北
部で小さい.作物の生育期間における(5
日当たり8-
-
9月)日照時間は非常に大きく､殆どの地域で1
1〔l時間である｡
il→il
1. 4
社会経済状況
1990年のソ連邦解体に伴って従来の経済体制は完全に崩壊し､流通､経済システムにおける
他の連邦共和国との経済的関係は断ち切られ､カザフスタンの生産力は一時期急速に低下した
が､市場経済への移行を目指した包括的な構造改革を行った結果､
が後退期を抜け出そうとしており､
1994年以降緩やかではある
1996年における国民総生産の伸び率は1.5臥
また､
1997
年には3y.カミ期待された｡
旧ソ連邦時代の共和国分業体制の下では､豊富は地下資源とその半製品および棄受物の供給基
地の位置付けにあったことから､原料生産体制では世界規模の生産を有するものの､一般消費
財の製造は国内需要の20
-
30別こ過ぎない.その産業構造は鉱工業部門の生産がNIP
(Net hcome
Product)の45%を占める最大の産業であり､農業部門が37.3%でこれに次ぎ､両部門で全体の80%
以上を占めている｡
貿易､特に輸出に占める農産物の割合は高い｡鉱工業の輸出入のバランスは輸入超過である
のに対し農業のバランスは輸出超過である｡農産物の輸出額は1996年で2.1億ドルで全輸出額
(11･0億ドル)の19%を占めている｡輸出先は90.3%が旧ソ連邦である｡
1. 5
農業概況
長期間に亘り農業はカザフスタンの経済上重要な位置を占めてきた｡
1994年には農業は国民
総生産の28r.を占め､就業人口の23%カミ農業に従事していた｡国土の75y.すなわち2億haが耕
地および牧野で､その大部分は家畜の放牧地として利用されている｡耕地は3,400万haでその
うち3,200万baが天水畑､
240万baが濯概農地である｡穀物類が耕地面積の62%を占め､残り
は飼料作物と読薬類の栽培に使用されている｡
大部分の生産農場で過去5年間に経済状態が悪化し､欠損を報告している生産農場は急激に
増加している｡損失は生産者価格が国際市場価格に比べて低く押さえられているのに対して､
資材価格は農業資材価格の自由化政策によって高騰したことによる｡このような状況下で､施
月巴量は減少し､燃料の不足により作付時期および収穫時期が遅れ､また､農機具の補充が困難
になった｡その結果､作付面積の減少ならびに収量の低下が起こり､作物の生産量は以下の表
に示すように急減した｡
(単位:千トン)
作物
小麦
大麦
水稲
トウモロコシ
1992
1993
1994
1995
18,285
11,585
10,033
6,490
1996
2,208
8,510
7, 148
5,871
467
403
282
183
367
355
233
136
1, 160
843
433
341
122
86
97
99
252
200
160
223
3, 842
3,286
2,967
2,498
ト2
1. 6
農業開発政策
ソ連解体以来､農業生産は劇的に減少し､前節で述べたように特に最近5年間における低下
は著しいものがある｡政府は農業セクターの危機を憂慮し､
物の流通改革､
①農産物価格と商業政策､ ②農産
③農業の私企業化と生産農場の構造改善､ ④生産力の向上､に重点を置いた政
策を打ち出している｡
農産物の価格が自由化されないのに対して､農業資材の価格が自由化されたことによる乳棟
を解くために農産物価格ならびに通商の政策確立は急を要している｡一方､市場の再編は､従
来農業資材および農産物流通ならびに農産物加工の全部を掌握していた国営企業の私企業化､
自由市場の導入､新規通商の奨励､農業資材供給業者ならびに農産加工業者の農業分野への参
入の促進を目標としている｡
国営企業の私企業化は1996年の初めまでにほぼ完了した｡法制度環境が徐々に整備されつつ
あることから､新規業者の農産物流通部門への参入は容易になっている｡既に畜産物､野菜お
よび果実の加工ならびに流通分野では多くの私企業によってバイパスが作られているo一方､
穀類の流通については､私企業が前国営企業と競合しているが､新しい流通経路の発展は殆ど
見られない｡
農業生産性の改良に関しては､農業研究と農業改良の普及が重要な役割を持つ｡しかしなが
ら､現在は農業改良普及組織はこの国には存在しない｡農業セクターの私企業化が急速し進み､
かつ近い将来個人農家が増加することを考えれば､農業改良普及組織の設立と農民の訓練計画
の作成が必須うとなる｡政府は農民の教育と訓練のため､農業省に農業改良普及組織の設立を
勧めており､これと平行して農業研究組織も国および州レベルで科学アカデミーの下で再編さ
れつつある｡
I13
2.
アルマティ州農産物生産基盤.流通システム整備計画
計画の背景
2.1
アルマティ州はカザフスタン全土の約1割､総人口2割を占め､中央アジアではタシケント
に次(>大きな都市圏を形成している｡同地域は1997年までカザフスタンの首都であったアルマ
ティ市への生鮮野菜､果実､食肉等の農産物供給基地として発展し､集約的かつ多様化が進ん
だ都市近郊型農業が国家発注体制および政府統制価格の下で営まれてきたが､
1997年以降はこ
の国家管理は廃止され､農民と仲買人との間での取引は自由になった｡しかしながら､この改
革は急激なものであったため､未だ法制度も含め効率的な流通システムの設立には至っておら
ず､仲買人が個々の農家を回り直接庭先で取引を行う形態が一般的となっているo取弓rCこ際し
ては､農家側には価格交渉の余地は殆ど無く､安い価格で買いたたかれている｡このため､こ
れら作物の生産に対して農家は意欲を無くしている｡また､仲買人によって買われた農産物は
市場に出され､その農産物を別な仲買人が買うというケースが多く､これが3
消費者にやっと渡るというケースが多く見られ､品質は低下し､また､
-
4段階を経て
30%以上のロスが生じ
ていると言われている｡
一方､アルマティ市の中央市場施設の老朽化と整備の立ち遅れが顕著になっているo施設の
未整備に加えて､他の発展途上国と同様､このアルマティの中央市場においても､運営面での
問題点も目に付く｡卸売市場と小売市場が混在しており､卸売業者､小売業者による取引きに
加えて､市場の駐車場内や施設の周辺で集荷業者が直接トラックの荷台を利用して直接消費者
に農産物を販売する青空市場が展開されているのが現状である｡また､市内に配備されている
保冷倉庫も老朽化による施設の痛みが激しく､衛生的に見ても劣悪の状態である｡
上記流通システムの不備に加えて､維持･管理不足に起因する農業生産基盤の荒廃もアルマ
ティ市周辺農業の不振を引き起こしている原因となっているo
このため､周辺地区からのアル
マティ市に対する野菜､果物等の農産物の供給は不足しており､多量にウズベキスタンおよび
キルギスタンより輸入しているのが現状である｡
このような背景から､カザフスタン政府は我が国の援助により､アルマティ周辺における農
産物流通上の問題点を解明し､生産基盤の改善および効率的な農産物流通システムの確立を強
く望んでいる｡
計画の概要
2.2
(1)目的
本計画の目的は､カザフスタン国における野菜､果物を中心とした農産物の効率的な生産基
盤および流通システムの構築にある｡この目的を達成するための基本概念は以下のとおりであ
る｡
(a)有効な土地利用､農業技術の改良､潅慨排水施設の改修･改善および圃場整備を行う
ことによる土地･水資源の有効利用を通して農業生産基盤を強化すること｡
Ⅰ-4
仲)農産物価格の安定､地方流通基盤の整備､市場の開拓､市場組織の改善および法制度
の整備を通して流通システムを強化すること｡
(c)農民に対する金融制度の開放､農業普及制度ならびに情報システムの設立および農民
組織の強化を通して農業支援サービスを強化すること｡
(2)開発のコンポーネント
本計画におけるコンポーネントは概略以下のとおりである｡
(a)濯概排水施設の改修改善､区画整理､農道網の整備等を含む農業生産基盤の改善
O,)生産地における集出荷施設､選別施設､包装施設､保冷倉庫､管理事務所等の建設を
含む流通システムの構築
(c)アルマティ市における既存中央市場の改善､積み込み/荷下ろし施設､重量測定施設､
管理事務所等の設置および市場情報センターの設立
(d)市場運営組織の改善および流通に関する法制度の整備
2.3
開発調査
(1)調査対象地区
全国を対象に農産物流通システム改善に関するマスター･プランを作成し､この結果を踏ま
えて､アルマティ州全域を対象にフィージビリテイ･スタディを行うこととする(匪トI.1参照)
(2)調査内容および調査期間
｢アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画｣については､図-Ⅰ.2に示すとおり､
まずフェーズーIで農産物流通の問題点を解明し､農産物流通システム整備のための全国レベル
でのマスター･プランを策定し､これを受けてフェーズーIIでアルマティ市州における農産物生
産基盤の改善および流通システム整備計画のためのフィジビリティ･スタディを行うアプロー
チが妥当と考えられる｡調査内容の概要を示せば以下のとおりである0
フェーズーⅠ:
マスタープラン･スタディ
(a)関連資料･情報の収集･分析
一既存スタディ･レポート
一国家および州農業開発計画
一社会経済
一農業統計
一既存道路･鉄道網
Ⅰ-5
仲)現場調査
一農産物の生産高ならびに流通システムおよび収穫後施設
一対象稗益農家の識別および社会経済状況､生産圏､消費圏のゾーンニング
ー農産物の生産､販売における各分野の責任体制
一既存農民組織および共同組合の活動状況
一対象稗益農家に対する農業/財政支援体制
一農業生産および市場に対する本事業のインパクト
ー政府組織の管理能力
(c)マスター･プラン策定
一生産者および消費者の立場から見た市場の阻害要因の分析
一市場･流通システム改善に伴う基本コンセプトの設定
一事業の概略便益および費用の概算見積り
一事業の経済性検討
-アルマティ市を含むアルマティ州における農業基盤および流通システムの整備計
画の立案
フェーズ-II:
フィージビリテイ･スタディ
(a)補足資料の収集
仲)農業基盤施設､市場施設地点の測量および施設設計
(c)農産物市場･流通システム改善計画の立案
一産地集出荷システム計画
一消費地販売システム計画
(d)事業便益および費用の見積りならびに事業の妥当性検討
2.4
競合所見
(1)本開発計画の特徴と意義
アルマティ市周辺地区は1997年までカザフスタンの首都であったアルマティ市への生鮮野菜､
果実､食肉等の農産物供給基地として発展し､集約的かつ多様化が進んだ都市近郊型農業が国
家発注体制および政府統制価格の下で営まれてきた｡このため､自由経済に合致した農産物流
通システムは発達する余地は無かった｡しかしながら､自由経済システムに移行後は政府の援
助は打ち切られ､流通システムは壊滅状態に陥り､仲買人が個々の農家を回り直接庭先で取引
を行う形態が一般的となっている｡取引に際しては､農家側には価格交渉の余地は殆ど無く､
安い価格で買いたたかれているため､これら作物の生産に対して農家は意欲を無くしている｡
また､仲買人によって買われた農産物は市場に出され､その農産物を別な仲買人が買うという
ケースが多く､これが3
は低下し､また､
-
4段階を経て消費者にやっと渡るというケースが多く見られ､品質
30%以上のロスが生じていると言われている｡
I16
上記流通システムの不備に加えて､維持･管理不足に起因する農業生産基盤の荒廃もアルマ
ティ市周辺農業の不振を引き起こしている原因となっている｡
このような背景から､農業生産基盤の拡充､効率的流通システムの設立および法令･規則の
見直しを行い､生産者側および消費者側の満足の行く農産物の売買が行われる必要がある｡こ
の観点から､本開発調査を通して問題点を指摘し､開発方針を提案することは意義がある｡
(2)
相手政府の意向
今回の調査時に面談したアルマティ市の農業担当副市長によれば､農産物流通システムは未
発達であり､また､アルマティ中央市場には近隣農家が農産物販売のために使用出来るスペー
スも無く､市政府は止むを得ず､毎週土曜､日曜にアルマティ周辺の国道を閉鎖し農民に農産
物販売の場として提供しているとのことであった｡このため､生産地における集出荷組合の設
立と施設の建設ならびに消費地の中央市場の拡張･近代化が急務であるとの認識を持っており､
早期の事業実施を希望している｡なお､この事業実施に対してはアルマティ市当局は日本政府
の技術および資金援助を強く望んでおり､
ADCA調査団としても当事業を日本政府の優良な
ODA案件として採り上げることが望ましいと判断する｡
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新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画
3.
計画の背景
3.1
カザフスタン国は､
1996年にアルマティ市からアスタナ市への遷都に着手し､
1998年に完
7した｡新首都アスタナがあるアクモラ州はカザフスタン国の北部に位置する｡州の全人口は
2.2百万人である｡なお､アスタナ市の人口は､遷都以前は280,000人であったが､その後急
激に増え､現在では400,000人で､
2005年までには500,000人になると推定されている｡
アクモラ州はカザフスタン有数の穀倉地帯であり､基幹作物は小麦､飼料作物などである｡
州全体の農地面積は13.3百万baで､このうち5.6百万baは耕作地であるが､僅か48,500ba
が濯漉されているに過ぎない｡この州で栽培されている主な作物は､天水農地(3.
3百万ba)で
小麦および飼料作物､また､感慨農地で野菜､ジャガイモ､トウモロコシ等である.しかしな
がら､これらの作物の収量は､濯慨排水施設の老朽化､不適切な農場管理､農業機械の老朽化､
肥料投入量の低下等の理由によりかなり低い｡因みに小麦の反収は0.6ton/ba程度に留まって
いる｡
アスタナ市の発展に伴い､穀物の需要は増大し､農産物の多様化と高品質志向は急速に進ん
でいる.しかしながら､アスタナ市近郊における農業は上記阻害要因に加えて､強風(年平均:
4.8
也/秒)による作物被害が大きく､需要サイドの変化に対応しきれぬ状況にある｡また､今
後益々需要が高まる野菜生産に不可欠な濯概施設および流通施設は未整備の状態である｡
地域経済の健全な発展を達成させるためには､伝統的な天水による畑作から､濯概施設およ
び防風林開発を中心に据えた農業生産基盤の構築および流通施設の整備が急務であり､首都圏
型農業の導入が求められている｡また､労働集約型の収益性が高い農業生産団地の形成は､近
隣農村部からアスタナ市への労働力流入を抑制することにもなり､都市のスラム化による社会
問題を未然に防(>ことにも寄与するものと期待されるo
このような背景から､カザフスタン政府は我が国の援助により､アスタナ市およびその周辺
3郡(Shortandy､
Tselinograd､
Arshaky)における｢新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画｣を実現
したいとしており､その開発調査を日本の技術協力に期待している｡
計画の概要
3.2
(1)目的
本計画の目的は､新首都近郊の農業を振興し周辺農村部の開発を行うとともに､新首都に対
する食料供給基地の構築にある｡この目的を達成するための基本概念は以下のとおりである｡
(a)有効な土地利用､風災害の防止､農業技術の改良､および濯概排水施設の改修･改善
を行うことによる土地･水資源の有効利用を通して農業生産基盤を強化すること.
Ⅰ-10
O,)農産物価格の安定､首都近郊における流通基盤の整備､市場の開拓､市場組織の改善
および法制度の整備を通して流通システムを強化すること｡
(c)農民に対する金融制度の開放､農業普及制度ならびに情報システムの設立および農民
組織の強化を通して農業支援サービスを強化すること｡
(2)
開発のコンポーネント
本開発計画におけるコンポーネントは概略以下のとおりであるo
(a)虐政排水施設の改修改善､農道網の整備､防風林の建設等を含む農業生産基盤の改善
仲)農村道､給水施設および下水施設を含む農村インフラの整備
(c)生産地およびアスタナ市における農産物流通システムの構築
(d)農業研究､農民金融､農業普及を含む農業支援組織の確立
(e)農産物の集荷･販売､農業投入資材の購入､農業機械の貸し出し等を扱う農業協同組
合の設立
(f)効率的な水管理システムの構築
3.3
開発調査
(1)調査対象地域
アクモラ州内ショルタンデイ､チェリノグラッドおよびアルシャリ3郡全域を対象とする(図
-Ⅰ.3参照)0
(2)調査内容および調査期間
図-Ⅰ.4に示すとおり､本開発に関する調査は3フェーズに分けて行われ､フェーズーⅠにおい
てはアスタナ市およびその周辺3郡(Shortandy､
Tselinograd､
Arshaky)の全域1.75百万ha
に含まれる23,500haの潅概地区を対象にマスター･プランを作成する｡フェーズーⅠⅠではマス
ター･プランを通して選ばれた優先地区3,000-5,000ha
(図化面積:
5,000-10,000ha)を対象
に航空写真図化を行い､フェーズーIIIではマスター･プランを通して選定された優先地区を対
象にフィージビリテイ･スタディを行う｡調査内容の概要を示せば以下のとおりである｡
フェーズーⅠ:
マスタープラン･スタディ
(a)関連資料･情報の収集･分析
-地形､気象､水文､地下水､土壌等に関する資料
一社会経済､農業､農業経済に関する資料
一澄概排水および農村インフラに関する資料
一農場､農民組織､農業支援組織に関する資料
一自然環境に関する資料
Ⅰ-ll
仲)現場調査
一水文､地下水､水質調査および水収支計算
一土壌､土地利用調査
一既存潅概排水施設調査
一社会経済､農業､農業経済調査
一収穫後処理施設および流通システムの現況調査
一農村道､給水施設､下水施設､配電施設等を含む農村インフラ調査
一既存農民組織および共同組合の活動状況調査
一対象稗益農家に対する農業/財政支援体制調査
一農業生産および市場に対する本事業のインパクト調査
一自然､社会環境調査
(c)マスター･プラン策定
一関発ポテンシャル､プロジェクト･ニーズ､農業開発にとっての阻害要因の検討
一関発の基本方針策定
･水資源開発計画
･農業開発計画
･濯概開発計画
･農村インフラ計画
･流通システム改善計画
･農業支援および農民組織改良計画
･水管理および施設維持計画
･環境保全計画
･事業費概算およびプロジェクト評価
･総合開発計画の策定
フェーズーII:航空写真図化
優先開発地区3,000-5,000ha
化(縮尺:
フェーズ-ⅠⅠⅠ:
(図化面積:
1/5,000､等高線間隔:0.5
5,000-10,000
m)
フィージビリテイ･スタディ
(a)補足資料の収集
仲)現場調査
-土壌､土地利用調査
-幹線/2次濯汲水路､幹線/2次排水路沿い地形測量
一建設資材調査
一農業､農業経済調査
一農産物流通調査
一農業支援組織調査
ト12
ha)を対象に航空写真図
ー農村インフラ調査
一自然､社会環境調査
(c)開発計画策定
一農業開発計画
一潅概排水計画
一農村インフラ改善計画
一農産物流通計画
一事業実施計画
一事業費算定
一事業の経済･財務評価
3. 4
総合所見
(1)事業の特徴と意義
新首都アスタナ市は､
1998年の遷都依頼急速に発展し続けている｡この発展に伴い､人口も1997
年では280,000人であったものが1999年には400,000人へと急速に増え続けている｡このため､
農産物の需要は増大し､農産物の多様化と高品質志向は急速に進んでいる｡しかしながら､ア
スタナ市近郊における農業は未だ収益性の低い伝統的な農業で､また､強風による作物被害が
大きく､特に野菜､果物等の農産物の需要に対応しきれない状況にある｡
地域経済の健全な発展を達成させるためには､伝統的な天水による畑作から､濯概施設およ
び防風林開発を中心に据えた農業生産基盤の構築および流通施設の整備が急務であり､首都圏
型農業の導入が求められている｡また､労働集約型の収益性が高い農業生産団地の形成は､近
隣農村部からアスタナ市への労働力流入を抑制することにもなり､都市のスラム化による社会
問題を未然に防(oことにも寄与するものと期待されることから､本開発調査を通して問題点を
指摘し､開発方針を提案することは意義がある｡
(2)相手政府の意向
今回の調査時に面談した農業大臣によれば､遷都以来アルマティ市の人口は急激な延びを示
し､近い将来､野菜､果物を中心とした農産物の不足が見込まれるとのことで､これら農産物
の安定供給および農産物の多様化と高品質志向に対応できる農業基盤を早急に構築したいとし
ている｡なお､この事業実現のためには､首都近郊農業に深い経験を持つ日本の技術を導入し
たいとし､日本政府の技術および資金援助を強く望んでいる｡このような背景から､
査団としても当事業を日本政府の優良なoDA案件として採り上げることが望ましいと判断す
る｡
Ⅰ-13
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4.
コクサライ･ダム港就農業･環境改善計画
4.1
計画の背景
本計画はカザフスタン南部を東西に流れるシルダリア河上流部にコクサライ･ダムを建設し､
シルダリア河の流量を雇慨およびアラル海周辺の環境保全のために有効に利用しようとするも
のである.集水面積150,000km2を有するこの河は､キルギスタン国内を走る天山山脈に源を発
し､ウズベキスタンを経由してカザフスタン国に流れ込み最後にアラル海に到達する｡カザフ
スタン国に流れ込むと同時に河川水は55億m3を有するチャルダラ湖に一旦貯留され､下流
380,000baの潅概要水に合わせて放流されている｡なお､キルギスタンおよびウズベキスタン
領内にもいくつかの大型貯水池があり流量は調整されているが､その代表的なものはキルギス
タン国内にあるトクトグル貯水池(貯水容量:
141億m3)である｡
トクトグル貯水池は本来､濯故に合わせた運用を行うことになっており､潅概期の4月より
10月にかけて年間放流量の62%を下涜に放流することになっていたo
しかし､
1993年以降は
冬の電力不足を解消するため､非潅概期の11月から3月にかけて年放流量の60%を発電目的
で放流しているため､カザフスタン国内にあるシルダリア最上流のチャルダラ貯水池ではこの
冬の間の流量を調整しきれなくなっている｡このため､年間約30億m3がウズベキスタン国内
にあるアルナサイ盆地に流れ込んでおり､下流地域の潅洗面積は380,000
haを確保出来ない状
態である｡また､チャルダラ貯水池下流のシルダリア河は､冬の間凍り付くため通水能力が落
ち､シルダリア河の両岸を越流し農地に流れ込んでいるため､周りの農地における地下水位が
上昇し塩害が発生している｡
上記の状況を深刻に受け止めたカザフスタン政府は､南カザフスタン州内のシルダリア河上
にコクサライ･ダムを建設し､流量調整を行うことにより､潅概面積380,000
haの確保､農地
の塩須化防止およびアラル海周辺の環境保全を行いたいとしているo
4.2
計画の概要
本計画の目的は､図-Ⅰ.5に示すとおりシルダリア河上流部にコクサライ･ダムを建設し､流
量コントロールをすることにより､既存潅概面積380,000
haの確保､農地の塩類化防止および
アラル海周辺の環境保全を行おうとするものである｡コクサライ･ダムの緒言は概略以下のと
おりである｡
(a)ダム
ー形式
一堤長
一平均高
均一型アースフィル
34.0 km
7.Om
O))貯水池
一貯水池面積
一総貯水容量
-水没公共施設
460kn2
30億m3
無し
II16
開発調査
4.3
図-I.6に示すとおり､本計画に関する調査は2フェーズに分けて行われ､フェーズーIにおい
ては濯概および環境保全を念頭にいれて､世銀が1995年2月Control
and
Delta Delta
Development
1995年12月に行った｢Syr
Darya
Project｣に関するレポートをレビューし､カザフスタン側流
域全体の総合水管理改善計画立案のためのマスター･プランを作成するo
フェーズーⅠⅠではコク
サライ･ダム建設に関するフィージビリテイ･スタディおよび概略設計を行う｡調査内容の概
要を示せば以下のとおりである｡
(1)フェーズーⅠ:マスタープランスタディ
(a)関連資料･情報の収集･分析
一地形､気象､水文､地質､土壌､地下水等に関する資料
一社会経済､農業､農業経済に関する資料
-濯概排水および農業インフラに関する資料
-自然環境に関する資料
仲)カザフスタン側流域全体における既存開発計画のレビュー
(c)現場調査
一水文､地下水､水質調査
一土壌､土地利用調査
一代替ダム地点における地形､地質･土質踏査
-既存潅概排水施設調査
一既存水管理状況調査
一農業､農業経済調査
一農場および農民組織の活動状況調査
一自然､社会環境調査
(d)潅救および環境保全を念頭にいれて､カザフスタン側流域全体の総合水管理改善計画
立案
(2)フェーズーII:フィージビ1)テイ･スタディ
(a)補足資料収集および補足調査
仲)ダム地点および貯水池内の地形図作成
(c)ダム地点および採石場における地質調査
(d)ダム地点および土採場における土質調査
(e)開発計画策定
一ダムの予備設計
一水管理およびダム運用計画
Ⅰ-17
一環境保全計画
一事業便益の算定
一事業費の算定
一事業評価
一事業実施計画
競合所見
4.4
(1)本開発の特徴と意義
シルダリア河上流(キルギスタン国内)にあるトクトグル･ダムは本来､下流地域の潅概パ
ターンに合わせたダム運用となっており､
放流することになっていたが､
4月より10月にかけて年間放流量の約60%を下流に
1993年以降､冬における電力不足を解消するため､逆に11月
から3月にかけて60%の放流を行っているため､カザフスタン国内にあるシルダリア最上流の
チャルダラ貯水池ではこの多量の流量を調整しきれなくなっている｡このため､多量の水はウ
ズベキスタン国内にあるアルナサイ盆地に流れ込んでおり､下流地域では濯概用水の不足が起
こり､また､アラル海への流入量が減少している｡
また､チャルダラ貯水池下流のシルダリア河は冬の間凍り付くため､その通水能力は極端に
落ち､シルダリア河の水は両岸を越流し地中に浸透するため地下水位は上昇し､川沿いの農地
では塩害が発生し始めている｡
一方､ウズベキスタン政府はアルナサイ盆地の湛水に対する補償費として年間25百万ドルを
要求しているとのことである｡
上記状況から､カザフスタン政府は｢コクサライ･ダム濯概農業･環境改善計画｣を実現す
ることにより､下流地域に対する濯概水の確保および環境対策を講じたいとしており､その開
発調査を日本の技術協力に期待している｡
(2)相手政府の意向
今回の調査時に面談した農業大臣､水資源委員会委員長および南カザフスタン州政府関係者
によれば､本事業の優先度は高く､
OECF借款を対象とした｢中期投資計画､
1999
中で優先順位を第1位としている｡しかしながら､円借款要斎に必要なフィージビリテイ･ス
タディがまだ行われていないことから､日本政府にその開発調査を早急に要請したいとしてい
る｡
Ⅰ-18
-
2003｣の
図-∫.5
LEGEND
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ⅠⅠ.
ウズベキスタン共和国
1.ウズベキスタンの概況
1.1
国土と人口
ウズベキスタン国は北部および西部はカザフスタン､南部はトルクメニスタンおよびアフガ
ニスタン､また､東部はキルギスタンおよびタジキスタンと国境を接している内陸国である｡
総国土面積は450,000kn2で､東西約1,430kn､南北約930knに広がっており､その約60%は砂
漠やステップで占められている｡
中央アジアの中心部に位置するウズベキスタンは､天山山脈とその南のゼラフシャン山脈の
西部山麓を基線としてアラル海域までシルダリアおよびアムダリア両河川に挟まれた長方形の
国土を占める｡国土の80%は西部から中央部にかけて広がる低平地で､中央部にはキジルクム
砂漠とアラル海南東部のトウラン低地とが広域に広がっている｡一方､東部と南部には天山､
ギサル､アライ山脈があり､その間にフエルガナ､ゼラフシャン､テルチク､アングサン等の
盆地が広がっている｡
ウズベキスタンの気候は大陸性気候帯に属し乾燥している｡年間平均降水量は､国内の大部
分で200mm以下であり､一部の地域では70-80mmに過ぎないo雨期は冬と春に集中しており､
夏は暑く乾燥しており5月から10月まで続く｡
シルダリアおよびアムダリア河はウズベキスタンにおける二大水源である｡集水面積15万km2
を有するシルダリア河はキリギスタン国内を走る天山山脈に源を発し､ウズベキスタン国内に
流れ込み､その後カザフスタン国内を北西に走り最後にアラル海に流れ込んでいる.一方､集
水面硬22.8万km2を有するアムダリア河は､遠くバミール高原にその源を発し､アフガニスタ
ンを流れてトルクメニシタンを通った後ウズベキスタンに入り､アラル海に流れ込んでいる｡
ソ連時代にこれらの河川沿いに行われた大規模潅概開発による多量の水使用はアラル海への流
量減少に繋がり､現在世界的に注目されているアラル海に生態系の破壊を引き起こしている直
接の原因となっている｡
この国は､ 1995年現在総人口22.56百万人を有し､これは中央アジア最大であり､また､多
くの人種よりなる多民族国家である｡主要民族は､ウズペック系74.4%､ロシア系6.9%､タジ
ク系4.1%､カザック系4.1%等で､その他タタール系､キルギス系､ユダヤ系､ドイツ系等120
民族が居住しているQ人口増加率は､
1980年代は平均2.5%であったが､その後ロシア系､タ
タール系､ユダヤ系､ドイツ系民族の国外流出が続いており､
1990-1995年における平均増加
率は2.3%となっている｡
1.2
国家経済
ウズベキスタンは､ロシアの行った急進的な経済改革路線とは一線を画し､国家による経済
の管理のもと斬新主義に基づく独自の改革路線を取ったため､旧ソ連の経済的な枠組崩壊の悪
ⅠⅠ-1
影響は他のCIS諸国に比べ比較的少なく､また､もともと農業国である上､エネルギーも豊富
であることから､旧ソ連邦共和国の中では生産性低下の一番少ない国であった｡また､天然ガ
ス等の豊かな資源を市場価格で独自に取引できるようになった独立のメリットを最大限に利用
できるようになったことから､
1993には回復の兆しの見え始め､
1993年には日用品､軽工業製
品を中心に生産性の低下に歯止めが掛かり､経済の悪化は底を打ったとの見方がある｡
一方､ウズベキスタンにおける経済政策のもうひとつの特徴は､エネルギーと穀物の自給を
最優先課題としていることである｡すなわち､ロシアから経済的独立の確立である｡ウズベキ
スタンは､従来年間600万トンの石油を輸入してきたが､
1995年の輸入量は70万トンに留ま
り､ 1996年には輸入をストップしたとの報告もある.
ウズベキスタンにおける産業構造の推移をNMP
(純物質生産)構成比で示せば以下のとおりで
ある｡
(単位:%)
産業
1992
1 993
1994
農業
41.4
30.8
34.5
28.5
工業
建設
運輸･通信
商業､サービス､他
輸入税､関税等
32.7
28.9
17.0
16.4
ll.3
11.7
7.3
7.8
5.5
5.0
5.8
全体
9.2
23.6
27.2
100
100
1995
8.4
25.4
8.2
100
13.5
100
旧ソ連の計画経済のもと､ウズベキスタンは綿花栽培とその関連産業に集中した経済発展を
強いられてきたが､独立後は上表が示すとおりやや多様化の傾向にあり､
NMP構成では農業･
工業の割合が低下､商業その他が上昇している｡農業も食糧自給の観点から綿花モノカルチャ
ーからの脱却を図っており､穀物､果実､野菜等の生産が増加しているo
1.3
農業現況
ウズベキスタンは､ソ連時代は綿花生産に特化した原料生産型のモノカルチャー経済で､中
央が作成した計画経済に従いロシアを中核とする共和国間分業体制のもと､原料をロシアへ移
出し､加工製品をロシアから移入して経済を運営してきた｡その農業を中心とする産業構造は
独立後もそのまま残っており､農業はGI)Pの36r.を占め､また､同部門への就業人口は全体の
約42%と同国最大の産業となっている｡
ウズベキスタンの綿花は全輸出量の80%､輸出収入の75%を占め､綿生産は政府の強い管理下
に置かれている｡その結果､綿花栽培と競合する小麦などの穀物栽培が停滞し､食糧自給がで
きずロシアなどからの移入をせざるをえなかったo従来の潅概面積拡大による増産手法には主
に水源の問題から限界が生じていることもあり､綿花への過度の依存体制から脱却し､食糧自
給率向上に向けた努力が続けられている｡このため､単一作物の生産を抑制し､食料輸入への
依存を断ち切るため､政府は穀物の増産を図ることとし､綿花の作付け面積を削減し､穀物用
の農地､特に潅概農地で作付け転換を行なうことになっている｡農業省では綿花の生産は､作
付け面積が減少しても､反収の向上により現在の生産量を維持できるとしている｡
ⅠⅠー2
この国で栽培されている穀類は､冬小麦､冬大麦､水稲､トウモロコシで､このうち主要穀
1983
類は小麦と水稲で､それぞれ穀類全生産量の45%および24r.を占める.穀蕪の紀生産量は､
年の326万トンをピークにしてその翌年は半減し､その後1991年より1994年までは200ー250
万トンの間を変動していたが､穀物作付け面積の急激な増加により､
1995年には320万トンに
達した｡
リンゴ､ブドウ等の果物およびトマト､ニンジン､タマネギ等の野菜の生産は90年以降急上
昇し､加工食品および生鮮野菜として重要な輸出品目になりつつあるが､旧式な加工施設およ
び市場機能の未整備による流通システムの不備等で､加工即品の品質が悪く､また､
流通ロスがあると言われている現状から､加工･流通システムの改善が重要な課題となってい
る｡
1991年より1995年までの農産･畜産物の生産高を示せば下表のとおりである｡
(単位:千トン)
生産物
綿花
ジャガイモ
1.4
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
4,646
4, 128
4,234
3, 938
4, 200
562
351
365
472
3, 348
3, 494
3,039
2,918
3,000
1,908
2,257
2, 142
2,467
3,200
492
469
517
3,331
3,679
3,764
509
3,733
500
519
3,686
農業の課慶
農業部門の開発においては､国家統制から市場経済への移行と国際価格に基づいた効率的生
産体制の確立を図ることが基本である｡これを実現するに当たって､農業セクターの開発課題
を挙げれば以下のとおり整理される｡
(1)
綿花依存のモノカルチャー経済から脱却
(2)
食糧･農産物の増産
(3)
環境保全型持続的農業生産の確立
(4)
農産物の加工･流通システムの改善
(5)
潅概水管理技術の改善
(6)
綿花以外の輸出農産物の育成
(7)
農村の生活改善と地域振興
ⅠⅠ-3
30%以上の
2.
フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業振興計画
2.1
計画の背景
本計画対象地域であるフエルガナ州は､この国の最東端にあるフエルガナ盆地の南部を占め
ている｡州都フエルガナは首都タシケントの南東250kmに位置し､これら両都市は国道によっ
て結ばれている.全面積4,810
km2を有するこの州には人口2.74百万人が住んでおり､この国
では人口密度が最も高い州である｡
この地域はオアシス潅概発祥の地で､全農地359,000
haは
haのうち80%Lこ相当する287,000
濯概農地となっているが､実際に潅概されている面積は216,000
haとなっている.これは1人
当たりの面積に換算すれば0.1ha以下であり､他の州と比べてかなり低い.このため､農家所
得は全国的に見て最も低いレベルにある｡
本地域における主な作物は締(127,00Oha)､小麦(92,000
ha)､果物(34,400
ha)､飼料作物
(16,200 ha)､野菜(5,600ha)等であるが､これらの収量は綿2.31o仙a､小麦2.9tonnnla､果物
2.1tol)Ala､飼料作物10.8tonn)a､野菜16.8ton/ba等といずれも低い｡この収量の低い原因として､
①地下水位が異常に高く塩害が発生していること､
②濯亨既施設の老朽化および圃場整備の遅れ
③資金不足により農機具の更新が為されてお
で潅概水が効率よく圃場に到達していないこと､
らず､また､十分な肥料･農薬の購入ができないこと､および④農業支援組織が発達していな
いことなどが考えられる｡これら阻害要因の中で最も深刻なものは､最近激しさを増している
地下水の上昇である｡これはキルギスタン国側で大規模な潅親閲発が行われたことにより､そ
の余剰水が地下水となってウズベキスタン側のフエルガナ盆地に流れ込んでいるためである｡
この地下水上昇は農地のみならず住宅地にまで影響を及ぼし､ある農場では2,000住宅のうち
380住宅は倒壊のため移転したとのことであった｡この他下水上昇被害はフエルガナ州内のア
ルテヤリック､
T)シュトンおよびバグダッドの3郡で顕著に見られるc
上述のとおり､対象地区内には287,000
haの濯概農地があるが､実際には216,000
されている｡しかしながら､予算不足のため､地下水対象の排水事業は思うに任せず､また､
潅概施設の維持管理が十分に行われていないことから､耕作不適地が年々増加しており､当地
域における農業にとって深刻な問題となっている｡
当調査対象地域における主な水源はナリン川､カラダリア川等シルダリア河の支流であり､
また､地下水も-部で利用されている｡主な濯概排水施設を示せば以下のとおりである0
(単位‥km)
濯概･排水路
延長
幹線水路(6本)
680
2次濯概水路
三次濯汲水路
2次排水路
3次排水路
排水用井戸数
3,055
2,03 1
3,862
9,079
1,288
Ⅰト4
haが潅概
上記状況から､ウズベキスタン政府は､調査対象地域における排水改良および農業振興を行
い､地域住民の生活水準および生活環境の改善を実現したいとしている｡また､効率の悪い既
存濯概施設の改良および水管理を徹底することによる節水潅概を実施し､現在世界的に注目を
集めているアラル海の環境改善を推進したいとしている｡
計画の概要
2.2
(1)目的
本計画の目的は､地域住民の生酒水準の向上および雇用機会の創造を目的として､フエルガ
ナ州における収益性の高い農業生産基盤の構築ならびに効率的な収穫後処理施設および農産物
流通システムの設立にある｡この目的を達成するための基本概念は以下のとおりとする｡
(a)有効な土地利用､農業技術の改良､雇慨排水施設の改修･改善および圃場整備を行う
ことによる土地･水資源の有効利用を通して農業生産基盤を強化する｡
仲)地下排水施設を建設することにより地下水を低下させ､土地の生産性および住宅地に
おけるける生酒環境を改善する｡
(c)農産物価格の安定､収穫後処理施設ならびに農産物流通施設の改善､市場の開拓､市
場組織および法制度の整備を通して流通システムを強化する｡
(d)農民に対する金融制度の開放､農業普及制度ならびに情報システムの設立および農民
組織の強化を通して農業支援サービスを強化する｡
(2)開発のコンポーネント
本開発計画におけるコンポーネントは概略以下のとおりであるo
(a)アルテヤリック､リシュトンおよびバグダッドの3那を中心とした地下排水施設の建
設
仲)水路のライニングおよび関連施設の改修および圃場整偏をふくむ濯競施設の改修･改
蓋
⊂=l
(c)農村道､給水施設および配電施設を含む農村インフラの整備
(d)収穫後施設および農産物流通システムの改善
(e)高収益品種の選定､多用化作付体系の導入､肥料/農薬の適時･適量施用等を考慮した
近代農業技術の導入
(i)農業研究､農民金融､農業普及等を含む農業支援組織の確立
(g)農産物の集荷･販売､農業投入資材の購入､農業機械の貸し出し等を扱う農業協同組
合の設立
(b)効率的な水管理システムの構築
(i)濯概および農業実績ならびに環境評価を対象としたモニターリングの継続
ⅠⅠ-5
2.3
開発調査
(1)調査対象地区
フエルガナ州全域とする(図-II.1参照)o
(2)調査期間および調査内容
図｣12に示す如く､本計画に関する調査は10ケ月かけて行わる｡この調査期間の最初の4ケ
月間は現地にて､開発のポテンシャルの検討､事業の必要性､開発戦略､日本政府の無償資金
協力にふさわしい優先事業の選定等を行い､これらの結果をインテリム･レポートに取りまと
める.その後4ケ月間継続して現地にてマスタープランの作成および優先地区の概略設計を行
い､これらの結果を最終的にマスター･プラン報告書(ドラフト)に取り纏めることとする｡
調査の概要を示せば以下のとおりである｡
第1段階(前半4ケ月間)
(a)関連資料･情報の収集･分析
一地形､水文､地下水､土壌等
一社会経済､農業､農業経済等
一濯概排水および農村インフラ
ー農場､農民組織､農業支援組織等
一自然環境
O,)現場調査
一水文､水質調査
一地下水位調査
一土壌､土地利用調査
一既存潅概排水調査
一社会経済､農業､農業経済調査
一農村インフラ調査
一自然､社会環境調査
(c)全調査対象地域の航空写真撮影
(d)開発のポテンシャル､開発にとっての阻害要因､事業の必要性､開発戦略の検討
(e)無償資金協力にふさわしい優先事業の選定
(f)調査､検討結果の取り纏めおよびインテリム･レポートの作成
II16
第2段階(後半4ケ月間)
(a)補足資料の収集
仲)優先地区約100km2(周辺地区を含む)を対象に航空写真図化
(c)開発計画策定
一水資源開発計画
一地下排水計画
一農業開発計画
一潅概計画
一農村インフラ改善計画
一環境保全計画
一事業費算定
-事業の経済･財務評価
一事業実施計画
一優先地区の概略設計､工事費算定および無償資金協力妥当性の検討
-マスタープラン･レポートの作成
2.4
稔合所見
(1)事業の特徴と意義
本開発計画の対象地域であるフ主ルガナ州はウズベキスタン国における最大の人口桐密地帯
であり､このため1人当たりの農地面積は国全体平均の1/3と全13州の中で最小であることか
ら､最も貧しい州の一つとして数えられている.また､予算不足のため､地下水対象の排水事
業は思うに任せず､加えて海戦施設の維持管理が十分に行われていないことから､耕作不適地
が年々増加しており､当地域における農業にとって深刻な問題となっている｡このため､ウズ
ベキスタン政府はこの地域の濯概排水施設の整備を計画し､それによる作物生産の増加および
農民の生活水準の向上を期待している｡本計画地域を中心にパイロット事業として､潅概排水
施設の改修･改善を行うと共に､水管理の合理化､作物栽培法の改善､流通の合理化､市場経
済に適した農場経営の改善等を試みることは大きな意味を持つ｡
なお､本計画地域の水源であるナリン川､コラダリア川等はシルダリア河の支流であること
から､この地域における節水潅概を実現させることにより､本計画は現在世界的に注目されて
いるアラル海の環境改善に大きく寄与することになる｡
(2)相手政府の意向
ウズベキスタン政府のフエルガナ盆地､この中でも特に貧困層の多いフエルガナ州に対する
開発の優先度は農業次官､農業省水路維持管理局長およびフエルガナ州政府関係者との面談を
通して確認できた｡また､農業次官によれば､本計画地域の地下水による農地および住宅地へ
の被害は深刻であり､緊急性を要することから､早急に日本政府の開発調査および無償資金協
力をお願いしたいとしており､
ADCA調査団としても本開発計画を日本政府の優良なODA案
件として採り上げることが望ましいと判断する｡
ⅠⅠ-7
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調査対象地区位置図
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StudyⅠtem
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
9
EEI
10
FirstStepDatacollection
Fieldsurvey
Aerialphotoshooting
Developmentstudy
Determinationofpriorityproject
SecondStepSupplementaldatacouec一ion
Preparationoftopograpbicmap
FormulationofdeVelopmentplans
Preliminarydesignofpriorityproject
ThirdStepFinalizationofMasterPlanReport
Reporting△
ⅠCR
Note:
+
■
■
△
△
Ⅰ
TR
D FR
F R
l
l
l
Work
in Uzbekistan
ICR:
Inception
Work
in Japan
ITR:
Interim
DFR:
Dra氏Final
FR:
FinalReport
調査スケジュール(莱)
Report
Report
Report
△
ⅠⅠⅠ.トルクメニスタン共和国
1.トルクメニスタンの概況
1.1
国土と人口
トルクメニスタンは中央アジアの西部に位置し､北はカザフスタン､北東および東はウズベ
キスタン､南はイラン､また､南東はアフガニスタンと国境を接している内陸国である｡国土
の総面積は488,100kn2で､東西約1,100kn､南北約650knに広がっているo国土の90r.1ま砂漠
(中央砂漠､ザウングズ砂漠､カラクム砂漠)に覆われ､また､南にコベトダグ山脈､西には
カスピ海があり､東にはアムダリア河が流れている｡
トルクメニスタンの気候は典型的な砂漠気候で､降水は春に集中する｡年間平均降水量は､
国内の大部分で250tnn以下であり､一部の地域では100
- 110皿に過ぎないo夏は高温で40oC
を越し､最高で50oCに達することもある｡一方､冬は平均OoCにまで下がる｡また､快晴の目
が多く､首都アシュガバードでは年間平均で150日が晴天である｡
アムダリア河はトルクメニスタンにおける最重要水源である.集水面積22.8万kn2を有す
るアムダリア河は､遠くバミール高原､ヒンズークシ山脈およびテンシャン山脈地帯にその源
を発し､アフガニスタンを流れてトルクメニスタンを通った後ウズベキスタンとの国境沿いを
涜れ､アラル海に流れ込んでいる.ソ連時代にこの河川沿いに行われた大規模潅親閲発による
多量の水使用はアラル海への涜入量の減少に繋がり､現在世界的に注目されているアラル海に
おける生態系の破壊を引き起こしている直接の原因となっている｡
この国は､
1995年現在総人口4.6百万人を有し､その大部分はアムダリア)Hおよびカラクム
水路沿いに住んでいるo人口密度は1l皿2当たり
9.0人と､旧ソ連構成共和国の中ではカザフ
スタンに次いで低い｡また､この国は多くの人種よりなる多民族国家である｡主要民族は､ト
ルクメン系77.Or.､ウズベク系9.2ro､ロシア系6.7r.系､カザフ系2.OyD､その他5.1r.の民族
が居住している｡出生率の増力l]と純移民流入による急激な人口増加率が特徴であり､
1989以降
の年平均増加率は3.9%である｡
1.2
国家経済
独立後のトルクメニスタンは､ロシアの行った急進的な経済改革路線とは一線を画し､国家
による経済管理のもと漸進主義に基づく独自の改革路線を取ったため､旧ソ連の経済的な枠組
崩壊の悪影響は他のCIS諸国に比べ比較的少なく､また､もともと農業国である上､エネルギ
ーも豊富であることから､旧ソ連の中では生産性低下の一番少ない国であった｡また､天然ガ
ス等の豊かな資源を市場価格で独白に取引きできるようになった独立のメリットを最大限に利
用できるようになったことから､
1993年には回復の兆しも見え始めたが､
1994年以降はウクラ
イナ､アゼルバイジャンをはじめとする一部CIS諸国からの天然ガス代金の未払いが増え､天
然ガスの生産を減らさざるを得なくなったことから､工業部門の生産性は1993年に比べ75%程
度に留まり､このため1993年に8r.であった実質GDP成長率は4
いる｡
ⅠⅠⅠ-1
-
5Y.のマイナス成長となって
トルクメニスタンにおける経済のもうひとつの特徴は､天然ガスと綿花生産に極度に集中し
ていることである｡この国では､旧ソ連時代にカラクム水路の建設をはじめ､大規模な潅概事
業､ガス資源開発､パイプライン建設が進められた｡その結果､天然ガスではソ連構成共和国
の内ロシアに次いで2位､綿花でもウズベキスタンに次いで2位を占めるまでになったが､食
糧･消費財は他の共和国からの輸入に頼ることとなった｡
トルクメニスタンにおける産業構造の推移をNMP(純物質生産)構成比で示せば以下に示すと
おりである｡
(単位:%)
産業
1994
1995
農業
16.3
1992
12.2
24.2
34_9
工業
建設
65. 1
62.4
40,7
24.8
9. 0
14,3
26.2
14.7
3.9
4.6
3.0
5.6
5.7
6.5
5.9
4.3
100
100
100
運輸･通信
商業､サービス､他
輸入税､関税等
全体
1993
5.6
100
トルクメニスタンは旧ソ連の計画経済のもと､天然ガスおよび綿花栽培とその関連産業に集
中した経済発展を強いられてきたが､独立後は上表が示すとおりやや多様化の傾向にあり､
NMP
構成では工業の割合が低下､農業､建設､その他が上昇している｡特に農業は食糧自給の観点
から綿花モノカルチャーからの脱却を図っており､穀物､果実､野菜等の生産が増加している｡
1.3
農業現況
トルクメニスタンは農業生産がGI)Pの約30臥
また､農業人口は全雇用人口の43y.を占めてお
り､基本的に農業国である.トルクメニスタン農業の特徴は､乾燥気候のため､潅概が非常に
発達していることである｡
1995年の潅概農地面積は177万ヘクタールで､これは全耕地面積の
95r.Cこ相当する.しかしながら､旧ソ連邦時代の農業生産は､綿花生産に特化しており､この潅
概農地の半分は綿花栽培地として利用され､穀物等の食糧の大部分は他国から輸入していた｡
独立後は､政府は食糧の自給達成を優先課題に掲げ､潅親施設を始めとする農業インフラの整
備に力を入れており､
1998年には自給体制を達成したと言われている｡
1991年より1995年までの農産･畜産物の生産高の推移を示せば下表のとおりである｡
(単位:千トン)
生産物
穀類
綿花
199 1
1992
1993
1994
1995
516
737
974
1, 130
1,109
1,433
1,300
1,431
1,283
1,293
.
30
35
野菜
食肉
388
313
100
98
110
107
ililR
ミルク
458
471
712
716
727
300
292
267
270
270
ジャガイモ
卵(100万個)
32
30
21
286
340
376
上表が示すとおり､綿花の生産高は停滞気味である｡この主な原因は､潅概施設管理の不備
ⅠⅠⅠ-2
や粗放的な作付けにより地力の低下を招くなどといった､主に旧ソ連時代の農業部門における
管理の悪さが挙げられる｡とは言え､綿花の生産高は農業部門全体における生産高の4割を占
める最重要農産物である｡しかしながら､ここで忘れてはならないことは､旧ソ連邦時代に綿
花栽培のために､アムダリア河を使った潅就農地の拡大が積極的に推進されたことにより､ア
ラル海の環境破壊を引き起こし､今日大きな問題となっていることである｡
その他の作物としては､食糧の自給自足を達成するため穀物の生産が伸びていることが特徴
的である｡ 1995年の穀物の生産高は､
1991年と比較して約2.1倍と大幅に増大している｡なお､
穀物のうち､米については自給自足に達しており､小麦については自給自足を達成するため収
穫向上を目指し二期作が行われている｡野菜は､､
より増加傾向に転じ､
1992年から減少傾向にあったものが1994年
1995年には1991年レベルにまでほぼ回復した｡政府はトルクメニスタ
ンの特産物であるメロン､ブドウの輸出の拡大を計画していることから､生産高､作付面積と
も増加するものと思われる｡
1.4
農業の課農
農業部門の開発においては､国家統制から市場経済への移行と国際価格に基づいた効率的生
産体制の確立を図ることが基本である｡これを実現するに当たって､農業セクターの開発課題
を挙げれば以下のとおり整理される｡
(a)綿花依存のモノカルチャー経済からの脱却
(ち)生産基盤の改善を通しての食糧･農産物の増加
(c)綿花以外の輸出農産物の育成
(d)環境保全型持続的農業生産の確立
(e)農産物の加エ･流通システムの改善
(f)農業および潅親水管理技術の改善
(g)農業に関する情報システムの構築
(也)農村の生活改善と地域振興
ⅠⅠⅠ-3
2.
トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画
2.1
計画の背景
旧ソ連時代には農業研究の組織は良く整備されていたが､その成果を利用していたとは言い
難い｡この時代の農業研究とは農場の作物生産を増加させる技術を開発し､その研究結果を州
および郡農業部､農場長および農場内の専門家に提供することであった｡研究結果を受け､農
場長は計画経済の下で中央で定めた各作物の生産目標を達成することが目標となっていた｡農
場労働者は農業知識獲得のための訓練を受ける機会は無く､また､作物栽培計画の作成や計画
の運営管理へ関与することもなく､農場の全体的な運営に携わることなしに与えられた作業を
ただ行っていたに過ぎない｡この意味から､トルクメニスタンには他のCIS諸国と同様､西側
諸国で言われているような農民訓練および農業普及は存在しない｡
しかしながら､市場経済に移行後は､収量の増大､資材投入量の節約､作物保護､土壌保全､
生態系の維持､濯概効率の上昇､労働生産性の向上､市場の合理化および各農家の収入増加な
どを達成するための新技術の開発成果を組織的に農民に伝達する農業普及および農民訓練が重
要であることを政府は認識し､トルクメニスタン農業大学の下に農業訓練センターを設立する
ことを計画中である｡
計画の概要
2.2
(1)目的
本計画の目的は､トルクメニスタン農業大学の下に農業訓練センターを設立し､農民訓練お
よび農業普及に携わる農業･水資源省職員および農民リーダーに対する訓練を行うことにある｡
この目的を達成するために､農業･水資源省職員および農民リーダーに対し以下のトレーニン
グを行うこととする｡
(a)農業･水資源省職員に対するトレーニング
農業訓練センターは農業･水資源省職員の農民訓練および農業普及に対する能力を高める
ために､概略以下の項目について研修/セミナーを行うo
① 効果的に事業を実行する能力を付けるために､事業の目的や実施過程を職員に対し
オリエンテーションするo
② 職員間の連携をよくし､職務に対しチーム･アプローチができる組織を構築する｡
③
作物栽培､家畜の飼育､水管理､農業政策､農業研究､市場開発､農産物および家
畜の価格決定メカニズムおよび農産加工法に関する研修を行う｡
④ 事業を通し職員の能力向上を再検討し､全体として事業実施能力を高める改善方法
を習得する｡
ⅠⅠⅠ-4
O))農民リーダーに対するトレーニング
農民の農業および濯概技術を開発するために､州の農業事務所によって推薦された農民リ
ーダーを対象に以下の項E]に対して研修を行う.
① 選定された新品種作物の栽培技術､肥料･農薬の適正投入方法､虐政手法､水管理
方法､施設の維持管理方法および適切な家畜飼育方法等を含む農業研修｡
② 農業普及､協同組合運営､農産物流通および農民金融等農業支援制度に関する研修｡
③ 研修センターの付属農場における農業実習
(2)研修センターの施設内容
研修センター設立に当たって､トルクメニスタン政府は以下の施設を同大学の農場(500
内に建設したいとしているo
(a)建物関係
一
一
一
一
一
-
講義室､図書室を含む管理事務所
農業試験室
ゲスト･ハウスよよび寮
農業投入資材用倉庫
幸庫および修理場
電気､ガスおよび給水施設
フェンス
O))農場
一
一
一
一
凄概施設(スプリンクラー､ドリップおよび開水路)
読験圃場
展示圃場
種子増殖圃場
一 野菜､シイタケおよび花井栽培用グリーンハウス
ー 牛､豚､鶏飼育場
一 国道より農場までの道路改修
(c)槻器渠
一
ポンプ
括肉用ミニプラント
ー 乳製品加工用ミニプラント
ー
ー
配合資料製造プラント
維持管理用機材
III-5
ha)
開発調査
2.3
(1)調査対象地区
首都アシュガバード北東15kmに位置するトルクメニスタン大学付属農場500ha
(図-ⅠⅠⅠ.1参照)
(2)調査内容および調査期間
図-III.2に示す如く､
10ケ月間をかけてフィージビリテイ･スタディを行い､無償資金協力
にふさわしい計画の立案および計画の妥当性を検討する｡調査の概要を示せば以下のとおりで
ある｡
(a)トルクメニスタンにおける研修実績の現況調査
仲)農場内および改修道路沿い地形測量
(c)建設材料調査
(d)農業研修に対する阻害要因調査
(e)トルクメニスタン国における農業開発にとっての研修センターの位置付けおよび任務
に関する検討
(i)研修センターの運用計画の検討
(蛋)研修センターの基本概念の検討
一研修組織改善案の検討
一研修の基本およびプログラムの検討
一研修カルキュラムの検討
一施設計画の設定
一施設の段階的設立計画の設定
(h)施設予備設計
(i)施設の維持管理計画の設定
O)工事費見積りおよび工事計画
(良)計画の妥当性検討
2.4
総合所見
(1)事業の特徴と意義
トルクメニスタン国では､他のCIS諸国と同様､計画経済下で農業技術情報と農場の運営は
集中管理されていたので､市場経済に移行した現在でもこの方式は依然として存在しており､
西側諸国で見られるような農民研修および農業普及サービスは見られない｡しかしながら､計
画経済より市場経済への移行期にあるこの国の農業発展にとって､市場経済下の農業に適合す
るような農民研修および農業普及組織を作ることは成功への鍵である｡市場経済下の農業にと
Ill-6
って､時を得た正確な情報と適切な訓練は､この国の農業の競争力の強化と収益向上のために
必要欠くべからざるものであるにも拘わらず､このような情報伝達､農民の訓練はこの国には
存在しない｡従って､農場の一般労働者は圃場管理､流通､農業経済､水管理､ビシネス計画､
会計および最も重要な法制度に対する知識は殆ど無いに等しいo
このような状況を市場経済下で改善すべく､政府はトルクメニスタン農業大学の管理の下､
農民のみならず農民訓練および農業普及に携わる農業･水資源省職員の訓練の場を早急に創り
たいとしている｡しかしながら､現在政府には本件に関する確たる構想がないことから､本計
画実施前に､開発調査を通して問題点を指摘し､開発方針を提案することは意義がある｡
(2)相手政府の意向
今回の調査時に面談した農業･水資源省次官(トルクメニスタン農業大学学長を兼務)によ
れば､現在計画中の研修センターを設立することにより､農業･水資源省職員および農民リー
ダーを多く養成したいとしている.この事業実現のために､農業研修および普及員養成に深い
経験を持つ日本の技術を導入したいとし､日本政府の資金援助および日本の専門家派遣を強く
望んでいる｡このような背景から､
ADCA調査団としても当事業を日本政府の優良なoDA案
件として採り上げることが望ましいと判断する｡
ⅠⅠⅠ-7
LEGEND
KAZAKHSTAN
Intemational
-
-
-
-
◎
Boundary
Capital
●
Main
City
Maill
Road
RIVer
ーモゝb_･エ､
(≡∋
0
.)i
Boundary
Administrative
-
]
Lake
/ Reservolr
Main
Conveyance
20
40
ー1.I_し
60
Canal
80100km
]
Ill.8
CHARDZEV
V3S
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iJ
農業情報センター設立計画
3.
計画の背景
3.1
1991年に独立を宣言したトルクメニスタンは､その後急速に市場経済への移行を推進した｡市
場経済への移行と同時に農業部門においても､民主化路線を推進してきたが､これは結果とし
て農業部門への国家予算の削減をもたらし､農業生産の減少を招く結果となった｡この事態を
憂慮した政府は､農業の振興を国家開発計画の重点項目として採り上げ､その手始めとして農
業省内に情報管理センターを設立し､散在している農業関連資料･情報を管理することにより､
今後の農業開発計画策定に活用することを計画している｡
この情報センターでは経年的に農業資料を蓄積し､分析することによって､農業開発上の問
題点､優先的な開発項目の把握等が可能になり､より制度の高い計画の立案が可能になる｡特
に水資源の問題から耕地面積が限定されているトルクメニスタンにおいては､面的な開発では
なく､技術向上や集約化といった質の向上を図る農業開発の策定が今後必要となり､より精度
の高い農業情報が要求される｡トルクメニスタン政府はこの点を十分認識しており､農業情報
整備のためのハード､ソフト両面の技術援助を強く望んでいる｡
計画の概要
3.2
(1)目的
本計画の目的は､農業･水資源省内に農業情報センターを設立し､独立後管理の不行き届き
で散在している農業関連資料･情報を集積し､今後の農業開発計画策定および農業振興に活用
しようとするものである｡その具体的内容は以下に示すとおりである0
(a)全国を対象とした土地利用､土地所有､農法､水資源と濯就施設､農業政策､農業研
究成果､市場開発､農産物および畜産物の需要と供給および農産加工法等を対象とし
た農業情報システムの構築
O))農業･水資源省の地方局および関連機関で行っている農業研究結果のモニタリング･
システムの構築
(c)農法に関する正確且つ最新な情報を農民に速やかに伝達するシステムの導入
(d)農業･水資源省と大学､専門学校､国際および国内の農業研究所､農業統計局等との
情報交換システムの構築
(e)農業研究および情報収集に関する農業･水資源省の地方局および関連機関職員への支
援
(f)研究成果および農業統計を共有するための研修およびセミナーの開催
(g)農民の収益性向上を目的として研究成果および農産物動向に関する定期的刊行物の発
行
ⅠⅠⅠ-10
(2)農業情報センターの施設内容
農業情報センター設立と運用にとって､以下の施設および作業が必要となろう｡
(a)データ･ベース保管場所および作業室を含む管理事務所
仲)農業･水資源省と大学､専門学校､国際および国内の農業研究所､農業統計局間のコ
ンピューター･ネットワークの構築
(c)ハードおよびソフトを含むコンピューターセット供与
(d)実作業を通しての所員の研修
(e)所員の海外研修
開発調査
3.3
(1)調査対象地区
アシュガア-ド市内農業･水資源省(図-ⅠⅠⅠ.3参照)
(2)調査内容および調査期間
図-III.4に示す如く､
9ケ月間をかけてフエージビリテイ･スタディを行い､無償資金協力に
ふさわしい計画の立案および計画の妥当性を検討する｡調査の概要を示せば以下のとおりであ
る｡
(a)以下の項目を含むトルクメニスタンにおける統計処理および情報システムの現況調査
一過去および現在の統計収集活動の状況
一統計資料処理の現況
一倍報伝達システムの:現況
仲)農業研究所の現況調査
一各農業研究所のインベントリー調査
一農業研究の管理および情報伝達システム
-農業研究の過去および現在における活動状況
一農業研究のモニタリング状況
(c)農業･水資源省と大学､専門学校､国際および国内の農業研究所､農業統計局等との
情報交換システムの現況調査
(d)農業研究と農業普及間の連携状況調査
(e)通信網の現況調査
一国内通信網
一農業･水資源省本部と地方局および農業研究所間の通信棉
(f)現況農業情報システムの阻害要因調査
ⅠⅠト11
(g)農業情報システム構築のための基本計画の設定
-情報管理に関する政府組織の改善計画
一施設計画
一情報システムの段階的設立計画
(也)施設の予備設計
(i)施設の運用､維持管理計画の立案
O)事業費算定
(k)事業の妥当性検討
(I)事業実施計画の作成
上記調査に加えて､農林業分野においても､土地利用調査､広域収量調査､作物の生育状況
調査､自然被害調査等に人工衛星を利用した衛星リモートセンシング技術が活用されているこ
とから､この技術の導入の可能性/必要性についても検討を行う｡また､様々な情報を地図上に
表現できる地理情報システム(GIS)を利用しての総合的な土地情報システムの構築についても
検討を加える｡
総合所見
3.4
(1)事業の特徴と意義
トルクメニスタンでは､現在農業関係の正確なデータの把握が為されていないため､土壌､
土壌分級､土地利用､作物別作付け面積､収量､収穫面積等の正確な農業統計､農業研究成果､
農産物市場価格等を把握するための農業情報収集技術の援助を日本政府に期待している｡これ
らの農業情報システム整備は､将来の農業開発および地域開発計画策定に大いに役立つもので
ある｡また､提案した農業情報センターは､トレーニング･センターとしての機能も持ってい
るため､トルクメニスタンの技術者を育成すると共に､トレーニングを受けた技術者によって
事業が運営され､全国の農業情報の整備を推進するものと期待される｡このように､本計画は
トルクメニスタン政府のニーズも高く､技術援助としても妥当なものと期待される｡また､現
在の衛星リモートセンシング技術を用いれば､広範囲の地域に対して､高い精度で土地利用状
況等を把握することができ､これを地理情報システム上で組み合わせれば､より稔合的に利用
が可能なデータ･ベースとなると考えられる.従って､調査の段階で衛星リモートセンシング
技術と地理情報システムの可能性/必要性と導入の時期を検討することも必要となろう｡
(2)相手政府の意向
今回の調査で面談した農業･水資源省次官によれば､農業情報システムの拡充は今後のトル
クメニスタン国の農業発展のために必要不可欠な分野であり､農業情報システムの整備/拡充が
急務であるという認識を持っており､早期実現を希望している｡また､農業･水資源省は本事
業に対して情報先進国である日本政府の技術および資金援助を望んでおり､
ADCA調査団とし
ても､本事業が単に農業情報システムの拡充とハード､ソフトの整備に留まらず､トレーニン
グによる技術者の育成･養成を通して､トルクメニスタンの人的資源の開発にも大きく寄与す
ることを考慮し､本事業を日本政府の優良なoDA案件として採り上げることが望ましいと判
断する｡
ⅠⅠⅠ-12
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
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管
El
i
付属資料
A.
B.
｢アルマティ州農産物生産基盤･流通システム整備計画｣開発調査要請書(ドラフト)
新首都近郊農業･農村開発計画｣開発調査要蘭書(
Ti'ラフト)
C.
｢コクサライ･ダム港親鳥業･環境改善計画｣開発調査要請書(ドラフト)
D.
｢フエルガナ州排水改良･貧困地域農業耕計画｣開発調査要請書(ドラフト)
E.トトルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画｣開発調査要請書(ドラフト)
ンクー設立計画｣開発網査要請書(ドラフト)
F･干葉情報セ
付属資料-A
TECHNICAL
COOPERATION
BY
THE
GOVERNMENT
OF
JAPAN
AppLICAT10N
by
The
Government
of The Republic
for
Feasibility
of Ka2akstan
Study
O皿
Improvement
Infrastn)cture
of Agricultural
Municipality
System inAlmaty
Marketing
and
to
The
Go▼ermmellt
Or Japan
Pn)ject Digest
1.1
ProjectTit]e
Project for
Agricultural
1.2
1.3
Products
hcatio
n
Almaty
Municipality,
of Agricultural
in Almaty
of which
Infrastructure
Municipal
Desirable
(a)
Marketing
System
for
Municipality
location
IS
map
in Attachment
Presented
-
1.
Government
Imp-ementation
Feasibility
Schedule
Study
Approximately
including
(b)
1･5
and
Imp】emeⅢtimgAgemcy
Almaty
1.4
Improvement
Implementation
Prospective
Funding
(a)
Feasibility
Study
(b)
Implementation
18 months丘･om
the master
Approximately
two
plan
the middle
of 10 montbs･
period
(2) years
of 2000
from
2003
Sources
(grant):
Japan
(grant): Japan
lnternational
lnternational
A-1
Cooperation
Cooperation
Agency
Agency
-
(JICA)
(JICA)
21
Background
2. 1
JustiJTICationof
and
General
Kazakstan
is
landllocked
a
Turknenistan,
northwest,
and is bounded
by
3,200
extends
km
Sea
east
to west
has
a
the southern
landincludes
agriculture
occurs
the
34
hectares,
Statistical
Bulletin
(5･7 persons化m2)･
This
11･2%･
both
to
and
territory is 2･72mi11ion
with
cold
snowy
in the
was
independence
of Russians,
largest
is Kazak
of which
south
about
4 of 1998,
Population
peaked
which
a
multi-ethnic
pluralist,
in 1991, the populationTs
Ukrainians
and Germans.
ln
east,
km2
and
secular
rate
Syr
began
structure
river･
is rain-fed
Kazakstan
since
The
emlgration･
in
the rural
residing
and
41%
eight major
nationalities or
for 46%
of the population.
during
and
and
199411998inKazakstan
for
with
and
Darya
the
along
32mi11ion
hectares
the average
of
society
northern
Uzbekistan
population
of
17.0mi11ion
in
1993
at
accounts
presently
and hot dry
to 450 mmin
1996
the
is 59%
areas
urban
is comprised
etlmic
and
to the
winters
southernborderswith
average
annual
growth
higher death rate than
residing
Kazakstan
of
population
The
groups･
2･2
The
of the populatioIl
The
nation
is due
the
along
declining･
sector･
1996,
to
been
percentage
to the north
China
the south,
national
climate
mountains
it has
was
to
Russia
to south.
continental
15･6mi11ion
then
The
about
million
2･4 million hectares IS lrrlgated･
about
According
The
and
1,800knnorth
semi-arid
tO desertand
central regions
Kyrgyzstan･
Most
irrigated
was
Kyrgyzstan
in the west･
and
bordering
from less than 150 mminthe
precipitation
ranges
north
foothills･
Kazakstan.s
land ranges from semi-arid
steppesinthe
summers･Annual
Crop
in CentralAsia
country
Uzbekistan
Caspian
Kazakstan
and
Project
the
Soviet
the
to change
ethmic
Period･
The
With
the emlgration
with
NatiomalEconomy
Kazakstan
and 3%
lS
economy
for 1997
as
Economic
hdicator
RealGDP
showninthe
1994
(%)
1 995
125.4
IndllStrial Production
Consumer
pulling out of recession,
following
table:
Slowly
(%)
-7.9
175
1,900
(%)
TradeBalance*(USSmillion)
-330.5
Average
36
rate *3 (tense : S)
exchange
Fiscal
inflation
recorded
has
and
been
strong
monetary
policies
decreasing,
expansion
and
and
have
interest
been
rates
1,193.5
to increase
will continue
A-2
at
1.59uor
1997
1.5
3.0
0.7
2.0
45
30
67
75
tight, with the
declined･
The
have
growth
1,969.1
61
held
GDP
1 996
-8.9
-28.5
Prices
with
production,
as
result that the rate
oil and gas sector
foreign investment
of
has
is
in response
spurred
rise
has
as
inter-enterprise
Per
By
of March
end
force･
without
The
deal.
plpeline
Energy
have
arrears
to
continued
debt･
in 1994,
1996,
206,000
people
not
were
people
for
the
from
period
on
unpaid
is probably
rate
1993
4.2%
unemployed;
are
who
1996
to
in 1996.
US$1,276
and
as
registered
the real unemployment
registered,
balances
in 1995,
US$1,003
into consideration
taking
trade
annual
new
US$699
othenvise
or
a
of
was
However,
pay,
followlng
GDP
capita
the
work
to conclusion
of the
leave,
working
15%.
are
shown
in the
table:
US
Y
Import
ear
s
Exports
million
Bal ance
1,013.9
1 9 Oノ3
471.6
1,485.5
1994
3,561.2
3,230.7
ーqノ9 5
3,781.0
4,974.5
-330.5
1,193.5
1 9 Qノ′b
4,261.3
6,230.4
1,969. 1
The
are
base metals, and vegetable
major
exports of Kazakstan
minerals,
products･
Major imports are also minerals
and base metals
along with
machinery
and appliances.
KazakstanTs
for 48.9%
trading partner is the Russian
Federation
major
which
accounted
of
in
1996･
Other
CIS
trade
are
in
importance
as
external
next
trading partners･
countries
2.3
Agricultuml
counted
Sector
Agriculture
has
for 28%
of Gross
million
and
of total cropped
most
of the rest.
a
Domestic
200
Product
and
or 75
hectares,
land
2･4 million
fodder
areawith
(GDP)
Cropped
about
in Bhzakstan's
sector
significant
million
grazlng･
is rain fed and
62%
Since
been
About
of total employment･
for cropping
used
hectares
long
crops,
covers
hectares
vegetables
provided
to
employment
of Kazakstan's
percent
34mi11ion
of which
Cereals
industrial
crops
over
cover
accounting
it
23%
totalarea,
hectares,
is irrigated･
and
In 1994,
economy.
is
32
about
for
Soviet Union,
lhrms
the financial position
of the former
of most
has deteriorated
in the past丘ve
a
in the number
markedly
years,with
sharp lnCreaSe
of
farms
losses･ The losses have been largely due to official prlClng and marketing
reporting
levels, while
the prlCeS Of
policy that depressed
producer
prlCeS Well below
world
market
Inputs
dropped
Were
year
worn-out払rm
dissolution
liberalized
by
year,fuel
machinery
the yields of crops
have
increased･
and
shortages
has
not
dropped,
Under
have
been
replaced･Asa
causlng
this
disrupted
Sharply
A-3
condition,
planting
and
flertilizer application
harvesting
result, planting
decreased
production
area
as
has
shown
has
activities, and
decreased
below･
and
Unit: ●000 tons
Crop
9ー
13
1 993
1994
6,889
18,285
11,585
10,033
1 995
3,085
8,510
7,148
5,871
6.フ)
,663
6,737
Bar]ey
1992
I
208
590
5 21
467
403
282
183
Maize
493
330
367
355
233
136
843
433
34 1
1,43 1
726
1, 160
SuJ)flower
117
108
122
Cotton
321
291
252
200
3 676
3,401
3,842
3,286
beat
Vegetabl
es
,
Problems
To
Asmentioned
dissolution
of
Government,
Be
Solved
in Agricultural
this crucial
recognlZlng
(i)
Price
(ii)
Marketing
(iii)
Farm
(iv)
Improvement
and
trade
122
7ー
ノb
4
223
2,967
2 4
/b
22
Qノqノ
160
has
been
in
particularly
situation
97
/b0ノ5
ー8 3
q/8
/b
2 43
Sector
in agriculture
above,
performance
former
Soviet
Union,
the
86
ノb
78
rrl
Paddy
Sugar
1 996
4 qノ0
【<つ勺
Wheat
2･3
n臼Qノ
1 986-90*1
of the sector,
the
declining
recent
has been
heavily
since
i:1Ve yearS･
The
emphasizing:
policy･
re丘)rm.
privatization
and
restructuring
of agricultural
of the state
enterprises.
productivity.
In addition
to the above
a
importance
be
measures,
mentioned
particular
should
on
infrastructure
for
the improvement
placed
of agricultural
and
marketing
system
for the profitable
development･
The
agricultural
products
and
sustainable
agricultural
has suddenly
increased
vegetables
and these crops are becomlng
for
food
fresh
as the materials
However,
due to the
processed
and
vegetables･
facts thatal1 these processing
facilities are oldand
is
the marketing
system
mat-functionlng,
fわod is low and there is a big loss, more
the quality of processed
in marketing
than 30%,
production
offruits
and
important
For
system･
facilities and
the pro丘table agriculturaldevelopment,
therefore, renewal
improvement
is of great importance･
of marketing
system
2･3
0utLineoftheProject
(1)
Objectivesofthe Project
The
efBcient
sustain
main
objectiveof
marketing
the
accelerate
(a)
Strengthening
improvement
of land
system
and
and
is to establish
project
for agricultural
system
and
the
objective,the
products
the profitable
mainly
projectneeds
of agro-processlng
production
offruits
and vegetables.
Issues:
the followlng
resources
tbrougb
land consolidatioI1.
A_4
and
To
to address
through
of the
production
system
efficient
farm
technology
of
and approprlate
managementand
water
base
rehabilitation
of irrlgation
use
of
lands,
conservation
and
drainage
Strengthening
@)
through
of marketing
system
infrastructure,
promotion
of market
market
of rule and
Strengthening
of support
and
mobilization
(c)
establishment
savlnlngS
price stabilization,
development
provision
and
of rural
organization
and
regulation･
services and facilities by ensuring
credit accessibility
in the ruralareas,
improving
extension,information
and other support
services, promoting
social
risks and strengthening
farmers'organization.
industries,
mimimlZlng
agricultural
ProjectComponents
(2)
The
projectwill
(a)
Improvement
drainage
and
(b)
of the following
consist
COmPOnentS:
infrastructure
including
of agricultural
rehabilitation
facilities, land consolidation
and farm road network.
of irrigation
Establishment
distribution
level
centers
at the raion (district)
of storage
and
installation
the
facilities, selecting/grading
of loading/unloading
facilities, packing
facilities, and construction
of store houses
and offices.
including
(c)
Rehabilitation
and
upgrading
loading/unloading
market
3.
Terms
The
4･
FaciJities
(1)
Assignment
jumaty
the JICA
(2)
information
of
Study
Available
and
∼
weight
market
in Almaty,
center
measuring
facilities and
installation
establishment
of
of
center.
of the Proposed
for
reference
in Attachment
presented
facilities and
or ReJTerence
terms
of existing
Sttldy
master
plan
fTeasibility study
and
for
the
project
is
2.
Information
for the Study
of Counterpart
Municipality
Personnel
will
asslgn
Team
of the Executing
COunterPart
Personnel
Agency
to
for the Study
meet
the requlrement
Team.
data, Information,
Documents,
Meteo-bydro
logical data
Torx)graphic
maps
Soil and
geological
Cadastral
Agricultural
Production
on
maps
on
a
Maps
scale of 1:50,000
maps
a
on
a
book
A-5
to the Study
and 1:250,000
scale of 1:50,000
and 1:250,000
scale of 1:50,000
statistics
year
etc. Related
Of
Previous
study
Al1 information
Information
(3)
Tbere
is no
GIobal
The
Study
and
development･
a
Therefore,
Poverty
the
plan
assessment
in Almaty
as
well
be
should
theminimum
with
Studywill
face･
they
area･
donewithin
adverse
of the
aframework
on
effects
natural
and
social
The
majority
farmers
of
the place
ensure
the need
verify
proposed
of
for
plan
Kazakstan･
women
in the
more
involvement
be
should
in
The
mainstream
formulatedwith
of
a
of
women
particular
in development.
to women
Reduction
Farmers-
Components
economy
would
infrastructure
Any
as
Area
measures.
mitigation
the constraints
(4)
impact
constitute
overwhelming
deliberate
a
makes
e放)rt to
Government
agricultural
area
project
in Development
Women
(3)
in the Study
in the study
to the
relevant
Issue
to formulate
Women
attention
Conditions
problem
environmental
in order
(2)
at the offices
available
Issues
environment
and
security
Environmental
(1)
the Security
on
reports
and
Constraints
be
marketing
against
the I･ow
of the
Prワject
largely
improved
as
system
improvement･
Income
People
a
Caused
result
by
of
improvement
of
Project
the
None.
Undertakings
In
Municipal
Mt】njcipal
of theAlmaty
to facilitate smooth
order
Goverllment
Shall undertake
and
efficient
Secure
the safety of the Study
(b)
Permit
the
country
ln
(c)
Exempt
of the
COnneCtionwith
alien registration
the
the
of
Study,
theAlmaty
Team･
Study
Team
Team
to
their assignment
requlrement
Study
execution
to:
(a)
members
Government
and
from
A-6
consular
taxes,
enter,
leave
therein,
and
sojourn
in the
and
exempt
them
any
other
charges
from
fees･
duties
and
on
equlPment,
machinery
for conducting
Exempt
(d)
on
the Study
Team
or
Provide
(e)
Secure
(s)of
the discharge
from
Team
gross
also
wilful
organisations
TheAlmaty
smooth
Team
Municipal
execution
to
for
&om
kind
of any
paid
imposed
to the members
implementation
of the
as
remittance
Japan
or
as
well
in connection
restricted
all data,
take
with
for the
areas
documents
occurring
will be chargeable
Its expenses
body
in the
course
the part of the
as
act
shall
if any
claims,
of the Study,
on
misconduct
concerned丘)r
of
or
except
arises against
otherwise
member(s)
counterpart
in
relation
with
other
implementation
smooth
such
when
to
the
agency
governmental
of the Study･
that the matters
assured
referred
Study by the Study Team･
of the Development
Signed:
Titled:
behalf
of the Almaty
Date:
A-7
Municipal
member
Government
to
connected
claims
of the Study
Government
On
and
to Japan,
of the country
out
shall bear
Government
coordinating
Team
needed･
in implementation
Municipal
as
charges
properties
to the Study
Government
of their duties
and
and
Team･
resultingfrom,
or
Study
as
services
Mumicipal
negligence
Study
the
into private
entry
relating
of the Study
Almaty
will enable
materials
member
Team
tax
into the country
fわr the
medical
The
governmental
or
Provide
the Study
of the country
of the Study.
permissioll
necessary
TheAlmaty
into and out
of the Study･
Secure
(也)
income
introduced
permission
conduct
(g)
from
facilities to
offunds
implementation
(り
brought
materials
or allowances
with any emoluments
for their services in connection
with
necessary
utilization
other
the Study.
in connection
of the Study Team
Study.
･
and
to
arise
Team･
the
Study
and
non-
in this form
Locatiorl Map
o,f Study
Are?
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----
Attacbment
Terms
2
I
of ReJTerence
for
Feasibjlity
Study
On
Project for Improvement
of Agricultural
System
Marketing
Infrastructtlre
for Agricultuml
and
Products
in
Almaty
1.
MⅦmicipality
Rationale
There
system
is
丘)r
strong
improve
products,
has
area
project
the geographical
to
need
agricultural
The
Municipality･
&om
a
the
particularly
important
a most
(hereinaaerreferred
‖the Study") is urgently
to as
JustiJication of Japanese
Japan
is
infrastructure
feasibility
teclmologleS
3.
known
and
study
as
are
conducted
4.
most
activities
in Kazakstan
under
the
Infrastructure
of Agricultural
and
Municipality,
fTeasibility
the
study
advanced
of agricultural
Japanese
to Kazakstan
in
countries
If the
products･
technical
the
master
agricultural
plan
these
cooperation,
and
the
advanced
the Study.
through
plan
Study
the
with
a
main
to
are
emphasis
covering
formulate
on
the
a
a
strategic
review
and
feasibility
inAlmaty
and
comprehensive
proposal
the
on
study
Municipality.
on
marketing
improvement
St11dy Area
The
with
marketing
required･
the whole
country
and to carry out
of the agricultural infrastructure and marketing
system
system
vegetables,
the Study
objectives of
master
the
of
system
Will be introduced
development
and
marketing
in Almaty
Cooperation
Technical
one
marketing
Objective of
The
and
viewpoint･
In order to formulate
the Projectfor Improvement
Marketing
System
for Agricultural
ProductsinAlmaty
2･
infrastructure
agricultural
for fruits
master
the Almaty
plan
Oblast
studywill
including
cover
Almaty
the whole
country
Municipality･
A-9
and
the良asibility
study
will deal
Scope
5.
5. 1
of the
Study
GeneraI
The
of the Study
scope
(a)
Master
(b)
Feasibility
plan
will be asfo1lows:
fわr the whole
study
fわr
study
the
country.
Almaty
whole
Oblast
including
Almaty
Municipality･
Tbe
Study
In the Phase-Ⅰ, a master
will be carried out in two
phases･
plan study
including
formulation
the
of the prorx)sed overall marketing
system
coverlng
In
Phase-II,
a
feasibility
the
be
for
improvement
the
whole
country･
studywill
made
of
infrastructure
in
Oblast
includingAlmaty
theAlmaty
agricultural
and marketing
system
will be carried
Municipality.
5･2
I)etaiIed
(1)
Scope
Study
of the
Pbase-I
In order
followlng
to formulate
the overall
marketing
system
the whole
covering
the
country,
activities will be required:
(a)
Collection,
-
-
-
-
-
(b)
existing
national
and
social and
economic
-
reports,
development
plans,
statistics,
and
railway
networks.
andstudyon:
existing
fruit and
identification
work
&uits
vegetable
of
and
objective beneficiaries,
development
by
responsibilities
and
production
marketing
including
systems,
thereof,
their need丘)r
-
and
statistics, arld
road
processlng
-
studies
infわrmation:
and
reglOnal'agricultural
agricultural
existing
data
of existing
relevant
suⅣey
-
review
iⅢboth
different
their
production
types
statusand
and
socioeconomic
zones,
consumption
in production
and
marketing
of
vegetables,
activities of existing
organizations,
cooperatives
and
NCO-s
related
to
the
Study,
-
agrlCultural
and丘nancial
support
A-10
seⅣices
available
in the
Study
Area
and
-
and
-
(c)
impacts
possible
vegetable
institutional
Formulation
-
-
-
-
of the
capacity
assessment
formulation
of economic
Almaty
for
fruit
agencies
concerned
the Study･
with
of
marketing
from
constraints
farmer
for improvement
benefits,
and
costs
planfor
marketing
system,
and
viability of the proJeCt･
the
for
system
and
viewpoints,
concept
evaluation
production
including:
consumers■
of preliminary
vegetable
and
identification
estimation
marketing
fruit and
Ofgovernment
of basic
justification
system,
plan
and
and
objectivebeneficiaries,
projecton
marketing
of master
producers-
by the
to them
accessibility
improvement
and
of
agriculturalinfrastructure
inAlmaty
Oblast
products
agricultural
including
Municipality.
Phase-ⅠI
(2)
On
in the Phase-I, the following
the basis of the results of the master
plan made
work
be
for
fTeasibility
Improvement
Agricultural
Infrastructure
on
out
the
wi]1
carried
study
of
System
for Agricultural
ProductsinAlmaty
Municipality:
and Marketing
(a)
Collection
(b)
TofDgraPhic
data andinformation,
of supplementary
survey
and
other
study
necessary
installations
marketing
infrastructure,
agricultural
and
and
preliminary
storage
and
design
of
distribution
centers,
(c)
R)rmulation
includes
(i)
of plan丘)r
the following
Plan
-
-
improvement
of the agricultural
system
marketing
that
COmPOnentS:
fわr marketing
identi丘cation
installations
at
places
of consumption;
of the places,
identi丘cation
and
design
of
necessary
installations
and
eqnlpment,
and
-
(iii)Plan丘)r
including
-
-
of basic
preparation
storage
renewal
identi丘cation
identification
and
fわr administration
concept
distribution
of the existing
centers
centers,
at
which
of
the
new
places
market･
of
production,
includes;
of the places,
and
design
and
A-ll
of
necessary
installations
and
equlPment,
preparation
-
distribution
Estimation
(d)
5.3
for
concept
administration
of
storage
project cost
project evaluationfrom
and
economical
viewpoints.
course
of
the
experts
Field survey
(b)
Formulation
of
marketing
in丘astructure
and
marketing､
training
and
seminar
teclmology,
overseas
transfer
for every
be
during
the
traiming
will also be programmed
plan
carried
of the Study.
course
technology
and
out
tralnlng
and
Will
be
fields:
line of foreign
system
and
facilities.
technologywill
of
of
in the following
experts
investigation
and
transfer
above
Study,
by foreign
(a)
The
5.4
the
to counterpart
provided
experts
assigned･
design
for
in the
form
agricultural
of
on-the-job
In addition to the above
in Japan･
preferably
transfer
of
StudySchedule
The
is estimated
in total fわr two
the Study
at 18 months
period required丘)r
for the Phase-I
for the Phase-II, as showninFigure
1.
and 10 months
months
The
following
-
-
-
-
-
The
Team
the whole
8
for the Study:
Economic
Planner
Agronomist
Agro-economist
Institutional
Expert,
Marketing
-
Irrigation
-
Transportation
-
Marketing
hnd
required
Expert
and
Drainage
Engineer,
Engineer,
Facilities Expert
Use
/ Soil Expert
manpower
Input
is estimated
MajorOutputsofthe
major
of the Study
system
to be 80
man-months
in total･
Study
to be (i)formulation
expected
of master
plan for
for the improvement
infrastructure
the justi61Cation
of agricultural
outputs
countrywith
marketing
will be required
experts
phases:
Leader
Regional
Expected
The
foreign
-
-
and
and
TransJTerorTechno]ogy
Throughout
5.5
and
ceIlterS.
the
of
financial
basic
of
for
agricultural
are
products
A-12
inAlmaty
Municipality
as
the
prlOrlty
project,and
economical
study
Almaty
(ii)feasibility
viewpoint
resultswill
MuIlicipal
the
and
be
including
study
compiled
the
implementation
in
the
the
project evaluationfrom
for
program
following
reports
the
prlOrity
be
Whichwill
technical
project･
submitted
and
These
to
the
Government.
Inception
Report
Within
:
one
month
end
of
start
aRer
of
the
Phase-I
of
the
Phase-I
Study.
Progress
Report
(Ⅰ)
At
:
the
field
the
work
Study.
Interim
Report
Progress
Report
(2)
:
At the endofthe
:
At
the
Phase-I
of the
end
Study.
field work
of
the
Phase-II
Study.
Dra氏Final
Final
Report
Report
:
At
:
Withinone
of
the
monthafter
Almaty
Dra氏Final
A-13
Phase-ⅠI Study.
the endoftbe
Municipal
Report.
getting the
Government
comments
on
the
Tentative
Work
Schedule
Month
StudyⅠtems
1
2
3
4
5
6
｣Phase-Ⅰ(MasterPlan)i
L-
7
8
9
10
EEI
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
一Phase-II(FeasibilityStudy)i
■-
PreparatoryWork
Phase-IFieldWork-I
Homework-Ⅰ
Phase-ⅠⅠ:Fieldwork-ⅠⅠ
Homework-ⅠⅠ
ReportingA
△
ⅠCR
PR
△
小
l
Note:
-
l
l
△
ⅠTR
PR(ⅠⅠ)
l
Work
in Kazakstan
Work
inJapan
△
DFR
l
l
:
Inception
PR(1)
:
ProgressReport(1)
ITR
:
Inter血Report
RR(2)
:
ProgressReport(2)
DFR
:
Dra氏Final
FR
:
Final Report
I
Report
Report
FigureI)
ICR
△
FR
付属資料･B
Application
For
The
Technical
Cooperation
(Deve]opment
Study)
By
The
Government
of Japan
Project Digest
ProjectTitLe
Astana
1.2
Urban
Agriculture
and
Rural
Development
Project
bcation
Astana
City
in Akmola
1.3
Tselinograd
and three districts (Rayon) of Shortandy,
and Arshaly
Oblast (Region),of which
in Attachment
location map is shown
-1･
Implementimg
Ministry
1.4
Agency
of Agriculture,
Desirable
Republic
Implementation
(a)
Feasibility
(b)
Implementation:
of Kazakstan
Schedule
Study:
Approximately
21
Approximately
two
the urgent
1.5
Prospective
Fun°ing
(a)
Feasibility
(b)
Implementation
and
of
from
2000
(2) years from
the Project
2003
for
SotlrY:eS
Study
(grant): Japan
(JICA)
(grant):
Japan
(JICA)
Backgmund
works
mid
months
JustirICation of the
lnternational
Cooperation
Agency
lnternational
Cooperation
Agency
for the urgent
works
of the
Project
Pmject
Geneml
Kazakstan
north
and
northwest,
is
a
land-locked
Turkmenistan,
country
Uzbekistan
B_1
in CentralAsia
and
Kyrgyzstan
bordering
Russia
to the south,
and
to
the
China
east,
and
is bounded
km2
and
extends
to the
million
dry
summers･Annual
in the southern
mm
northern
and
Uzbekistan
a
km
in the west･
to west
ranges
desert
land
and
km
to south.
north
from
ranges
mountains
winters
and
hot
to
450
north
semi-arid
in the
steppes
borders
the southern
along
is 2.72
territory
national
climate with cold snowy
from less than 150 mminthe
Kazakstan's
tO
The
1,800
and
continental
precipitation
regions
Sea
east
semi-arid
foothills･
central
with
Kyrgyzstan.
and
According
Kazakstan
Caspian
3,200
has
Kazakstan
by
to
Statistical
the
Bulletin
4
15･6
1998,
of
1998
the
population
of
million (5.7 personsn(m2).
million in
1993
The average
rate f♭r 1994and since then it has been declining･
annual growth
1998 was
This is due to both higher death rate than the average
and emlgration.
-1･2%･
The percentage
ln
areas
is
59%
41%
in the rural
of the population
residing
urban
with
was
populationpeaked
17.0
at
sector.
The
Kazakstan
domestic
(GDP)
gross
has adoptedand
product
program
aimed
independence
of
at moving
15- 20
within
2･2
the
started
Slowly
the country
strategy
In
a
of
a
May
at the
aimed
of recession
for 1996
towards
1991.
out
pulling
growth
of l･5%
implementation
in December
development
economic
lS
economy
3%
and
comprehensive
market
1992,
the
Kazakstan
structural
economy
the
1994,with
aRer
for 1997･
reform
the declaration
since
Governmentannounced
accomplishment
Bee
a
of
the
market
system
years.
Agricultt]
rat Sector
Agriculture
has
1997,
it counted丘)r
About
employment.
long
28%
200
been
of
GDP
million
Cropped
a
and provided
hectares, or 75%
land
in Kazakstan's
sector
sigmificant
to
employment
of Kazakstan's
34mi11ion
over
economy.
23%
of
total
In
total
is used
area,
hectares,
for
32
covers
and grazlng･
of which
million
is rain-fred and
2･4mi11ion
hectares
is
irrigated･
The
about
main
crops
in
are
but
are
low;
0.97
the
cotton,
their
cultivated
country
wheat,
maize
and
yields
very
due to less
tonsnla Of wheat, 2･84 tons/ha of maize and 2･25 tonsnla Of cotton, mainly
cropping
hectares
250
precipitation,
essential
mm
economic
per
activity
annum
on
an
Live
average.
in this country
particularly
breeding
stock
for beef,
lS
dairy
mutton,
an
also
products
andwool.
Since
farm
of
has
farms
marketing
the
prices
application
dissolution
deteriorated
Soviet
Union,
of the former
in
7
the past
markedly
years,with
losses･
reporting
The
that depressed
policy
Of inputs
has
were
dropped
losses
producer
liberalized
year
has
by
been
prlCeS
Well
largely
year,fuel
B-2
shortages
Increase
sharp
due
below
increased.
and
the丘nancial
a
to
world
Under
have
position
of most
in the number
ofFICial
market
prlClng
this condition,
disrupted
and
levels.While
fTertilizer
planting
and
harvesting
activities, and
area
planting
decreased
worn-out血rm
land the
decreased
has
has not
machinery
yields
of
been
replaced.Asa
dropped,
causing
have
crops
result,
sharply
production･
2.3
Pmblems
To
Asmentioned
since dissolution
The Government,
of
(b)
Marketing
(c)
Farm
(d)
Improvement
situation
been
declining
seven
recent
has been
of the sector,
heavily
years･
emphasizing:
refbrm･
privatization
In addition
agricultural
Sector
trade policy･
and
and
to
productivity･
the above-mentioned
measures,
and
a
importance
particular
infrastructure
of agricultural
for the profitable
products
of the state enterprises･
restructuring
of agricultural
improvement
the
in Agricultural
this crucial
recognlZlng
Price
on
Solved
has
above,
performanceinagrlCulture
Soviet
Union,
the former
particularlyinthe
(a)
be placed
Be
and
should
for
system
marketing
development･
agricultural
increased
these
and
crops
sustainable
has
The
are
suddenly
for
food
fresh
as
the
materials
processed
and
vegetables
large
However,
due
to
facts
ln
the
thatal1
these
particularly
and
around
cities.
facilities are old and the marketing
is mal-functionlng,
the quality of
processlng
system
food is low
in marketing
than 30%,
processed
and there is a big loss, more
system･
production
offruits
t)ecomlng
important
For
and
vegetables
development,
profitable
agricultural
facilities and improvement
of marketing
system
the
2.4
0utline
(1)
Objectivesof
The
Projectare
and
B'om
to
a
in and
WOrking
city.
(a)
tbrougb
of
of wind
appropriate
and
Rural
efficient marketing
to
the farmers'1iving
city,
enhance
farmersinthe
sustain
and
and
Development
area,
accelerate
which
the
would
system
prevent
for
standard
farmers
objectives,the projectneeds
ISSUES:
Strengthening
provision
To
to
Agriculture
base
production
aroundAstana
opportunity
the fbllowlng
Urban
theAstana
the pro丘table
toAstana
shi氏ing
Project
objectivesof
products
glVe
to address
the
to establish
agricultural
agro-processing
Project
of the
main
therefore,
renewal
of
is of great importance･
the
management
improvement
use
efBcient
of lands,
of farm technology
and
land and
resources
water
through
production
system
forest,
improvement
protection
and
conservation
of irrigation system･
B-3
of
(b)
Strengthening
rural
of marketing
market
organization
(c)
of
accessibility
and
industries,
o
(2)
market
facilities
and
in
mobilization
and
minimlZlng
rganizat io ns
services
savings
of
provision
development
of
and
of rule and regulation.
support
extension,information
price stabilization,
promotion
aI一d establishment
Strengthening
through
system
in&astructure,
other
the
rural
services,
support
agrlCu]tural
by
risks
and
credit
ensuring
improvlng
areas,
social
promoting
払rmers'
strengthening
･
ProjectComponents
The
(a)
projectwill
Improvement
irrigation
of the following
consist
COmPOnentS:
including
of
agriculturalinfrastructure
drainage
facilities and farm
and
net
road
improvement
work,
and
of
provision
of
wiIld protection丘)rest･
(b)
of rural infrastructure
Improvement
supply
and
(c)
Construction
(d)
Improvement
(e)
of marketing
credit, and
machinery
Establishment
of
The
(1)
A5Signment
The
counterpart
and
of the
personnels
as
such
which
procurement
water
Pmposed
for master
lnLTormation
of Counte叩art
implementing
drinking
sites andAstana
of agrlCultural
cooperatives
products,
effective
terms
Facilities
roads,
water
agricultural
extension
city･
research,
system･
of
will have the functions
farm
of
Inputs and rental of
to farmers･
of reference
in A土tachment-2.
presented
4.
of Reference
an
seⅣices
establishment
of agricultural
agricultural
Terms
support
of agricultural
marketing
(i)
facilities in the producing
of agricultural
Establishment
village
facilities.
sewage
agricultural
including
Agency;
corresponding
Persomel
and
O&M
and
Study
fTeasibility study
of Agriculture,
the number
JICA.
B-4
for the
is
project
Team
of the lmplementing
Ministry
system･
Study
plan
for the
to
management
of Study
Agency
has
Team
a
fわr the Study
capacity
to
to
assign
be organized
by
Avai1able
(2)
-
-
-
-
-
Data,
Meteo-bydrological
TofX)
Soil maps
on
etc･ Related
to the Study
1:50,000
1:100,000,
and
scale of 1:100,000,
a
book,
year
plan
"Construction
on
report
information
of the Ishym
and
of the Pipeline
existing
River
study
for Water
reports
from
Supply
Irtysh-Karaganda
City, and
ofAstana
at the o丘ces
available
relevant
Project.
In丘)rmation
on
Tbere
security
is
scale of 1:25,000,
to Upstream
to the
Maps,
statistics,
Production
-All
Documents,
data,
a
Agricultural
Canal
(3)
On
maps
Master
-
Information,
no
the Security
Conditions
in the Study
in the Study
problem
Area
Area
as
as
well
in the capital
city of
&amework
of the
Astana..
5.
GIobal
Issues
(1)
Environmental
Issue
The
Study
impact
assessment
environmental
should
in order to formulate
a plan
theminimum
with
social environment
(2)
W)men
and
(3)
a
makes
of development.
particular
adverse
deliberate
the constraints
Poverty
overwhelming
Therefわre,
attention
effort to
Study
the
they
(4)
･Any
natural
and
face.
ensure
a鮎r
the place
will verify
The proposed
in
plan
Kazakstan･
in the main
women
of
the need丘)r
Components
of the
stream
involvement
more
should
The
be formulated
of
with
Prqject
be largely lmprOVed
would
implementation
of the prqJeCt･
Constraints
farmers
of
in development･
to women
Reduction
majority
Farmers'economy
production
effects
on
measures.
mitigation
constitute
Government
and
a
within
in Development
Women
women
be done
against
the I･ow
Income
None
B-5
People
due
Caused
to
increase
by the
of agricultural
Project
a
6.
Undertaking
ln
to
order
Government
facilitate
of Kazakstan
the safety of the Study
(b)
Permit
the members
ln
COnneCtion
the
equlPment,
country
(d)
the
imposed
on
the
members
Provide
with
Secure
Provide
(h)
discharge
arise h･om
gross
Team
tTees･
and
any
on
charges
other
of the
out
and
income
any
tax
Team
and
charges
or
emoluments
of
kind
any
allowances
to
paid
for their servicesinconnection
with
Team
into the country
for remittance
from
Japan
as
as
well
in connection
of the Study･
or
entry
for the
permission
materials
medical
Government
the Study
them
exempt
Into
Private
Study
Team
or
properties
for
areas
restricted
of the Study.
the member
The
and
broughtinto
materials
with
introduced
offunds
permission
necessary
duties
facilities to the Study
necessary
tbe conduct
(g)
therein,
sojourninthe
of the Study･
implementation
Secure
(i)
from
Study
the
of
utilization
Team
in connection
or
the
the Study･
Study
implementation
(e)
other
and
consular
taxes,
and
leave
enter,
and
Team丘om
for conducting
Exempt
Teanto
requlrement
machinery
Study,
the
of
Team･
their asslgnment
with
Study
execution
:
of the Study
alien registration
Exempt
efficient
to
Secure
(c)
Study
and
(a)
from
to the
smooth
shall undertake
country
(s)of
or Ka2akstan
Government
or the
services
of the Study
of Kazakstan
resultingfrom,
of their duties
negligence
to the Study
relating
as
all data, documents
take
out
of the country
Its expenses
needed･
and
to Japan･
will be chargeable
to
Team.
shall bear
occurring
in implementation
orwi1lful
to
misconduct
Team.
ち-6
claims,
in the
if any
course
of the Study,
on
of
arises against
or
otherwise
except
the part of the
when
member
connected
such
member(s)
claims
of the
Ministry
also
as
of Agriculture
body
coordinating
organizations
The
will enable
concerned
in relation
fわr smooth
Government
smooth
with
counterp∬t
other
implementation
of Kazakstan
execution
as
shall act
assured
of the Development
agency
governmental
the Study
to
and
Team
non-governmental
of the Study･
that the
Study
matters
referred
by the Study
in this form
Team･
Signed:
Titled:
On
behalf
of the Government
Date:
B-7
and
of the Republic
of Kazakstan
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Attachment
Terms
2
-
of RefeI℃nCe
for
Feasibility
Study
On
Astana
Urban
Backgmund
Oblast
having
13･3
in Kazakstan･
Astana
country
is located
total population
Ruml
Development
Study
the
northernmost
part of the Bhzakstan･
important
of farm land has been the most
Oblast
2.2
was
of the
million.
city used to be a capital of this Oblast but has been
1998･
A丑er transfer ofcapitalfrom
Almaty
toAstana,
since
the new
capital has rapidly been increaslng, 280,000
in 1999,
that the rx)pulationwill
and it is estimated
Such
rapid increase
foods
through
a
enough
marketing
system
Area
The
crops
the
Oblast,
(50%)
Astana
are
The
land
of respective
and
crops
Of
crops
as
granary
the population
of
400,000
to
persons
2005.
personsin
base
supplying
and
efficient
city.
districts to be taken
million
of the
hectares,
of which
up
as
about
cultivated lands, the irrigated
are
cultivated in the Oblast
and
wheat
these
vegetables,
are
Astana
This
the capital
measures丘)r
production
the three
of 13.3
land･
main
to take
around
city and
cultivated
500,000
reach
pro丘table
land
in 1997
persons
need
in and
total farm
a
hectares･
areas
of
products
Wbicb
has
in non-irrigated
cultivated
will urgently
establishment
1n
is located,
5･6 million hectares
land is only 48,500
fodder
of population
fわr agricultural
Akmola
the Study
Pmject
in the
hectares
million
The
and
JustirlCation of
and
Akmola
Oblast,
Agriculture
potato and
below.
shown
maize
in irrigated
land･
nit: ha
s
Cereal
Potato
The
table,
management
s
1 994
2,729
1995
2,542
2,455
20
17
14
3
3
2
4
22
14
16
13
954
839
e
Su nflower
Fodder
cro
because
1 993
2,767
s
Vegetab]
1 992
1.057
998
of these crops in the Oblast
deterioration
of
of irrigation
and less application
of farm Inputs
yields
B-9
15
in the following
very low as shown
drainage
facilities,inferior
farm
and
Caused by de丘cit of agricultural fund.
are
n]'t: toJIA)a
s
Cereal
s
0 7
0
/b
0 9
0 6
O
′b
/b
8
0 ー
0 2
Fodder
11 8
7 1
8
cro
such
to
the Japanese
and marketing
implementing
a
conduct
Government
master
the
plan
Qノ つJ
of Kazakstan
system
to conduct
has
a
of agricultural
however,
work,
and
these
studies
to
a
establish
products
particularly
Government
of
the
feasibility
study
plan
through
to
and wants
Techmical
the JICA
study
Program.
Justification of Japanese
Japan
isknown
rural development
supporting
is
study
0 2
0ノ
the Government
situation,
a
′0 ′b
qノ
7 3
Cooperation
system,
Cooperation
as
of the
one
including
the
under
be introduced
Objectives of
The
Technical
most
in the urban agriculture
advanced
countries
irrigated
the development
of
agriculture,
agricultural
farmers'organizations,
feasibility
If
the
and marketing
system･
conducted
technologleSwill
3･
0 9
0 1
Kazakstanintends
and
1995
ー ノb
12 l
base
agricultural
Before
city･
2･
1994
Veget ab] e
Su nil ower
Under
request
1993
1
Pot ato
profitable
forAstana
1992
the
Japanese
technical
to Kazakstanthrough
cooperation,
the Study･
these
advanced
Study
Study
are
to formulate
a strategic
and comprehensive
for
the
development
plan
urban agriculture
and rural
project inAstana
city and
Tselinograd
the three districts of Shortandy,
Arshaly
in
Akmola
Oblast
and
and to carry
a f'easibility study
out
on
the selected
typical and priority project for balanced
and
development.
systematic
objectivesof
the
master
4.
Study
Area
The master
the whole
plan study will cover
districts of Shortandy,
Tselinograd
and Arshaly
a some
23,500
hectares
are
million hectares, of which
5,000 hectares of the
study will deal with about 3,000
three
I
B-10
te汀itory
having
a
of Astana
total farm
irrigated
land, and
priority
project.
city and the
land of l･75
the feasibility
Scope
of the Study
General
The
of the Study
scope
will be
follows:
as
(a)
Master
forAstana
plan study
Tselinograd
and Arshaly.
(b)
Preparation
The
Feasibility
Study
for the priority
study
be carried
of torx)graphic
map
for the
area.
project.
in three
In the Phase-1,
a
master
plan
be
the
total
area
districts･
carried
out
the
three
will
covering
ofAstana
city and
In the Phase-II, the aerial photo shooting
for the priority
and mapplng
Will be conducted
area
for the use
feasibility
In the Phase-III, a feasibility study will be
of the
study･
for
the
development
in the priority
area.
made
urban agriculture and rural
will
out
districts of Shortandy,
the three
of aerial photo
and preparation
hectares of the prlOrity
of about 15,000
area
(c)
city and
phases･
study
project
5.2
I)etailed
Phase-Ⅰ:
Scope
Master
Field Ⅵbrk
(a)
Data
(i)
(ii)
Plan
-
Study
of the
Study
Ⅰ
collection
and
review
natural resources
hydrogeology,
including
･salinity and
including
socio-economy
structure,
social
development
plans,
(iii) agriculture
including
soil,
national
land
(v)
(vi)
agro-economyincluding
marketing
system
irrigation
and
imgation
and
O&M
water
and
use,
reglOnal
drainage
drainage
cropped
Practices
including
economy
and
government,
area,
and
prices of products,
farm economy.
and
cropping
land
prices
inventory
facilities, design
pattern,
holding
crop
system,
of farm
list for
inputs,
existing
criteria, information
of
management,
rural infrastructure
system,
and
of reglOnal
varieties, unit yields, farmlng
(iv)
hydrology,
meteorology,
population
and number
of bousebolds,
living standards,
national
and regional
1nCOme,
structure
organizational
tofX)graphy,
posトharvest
including
and
B-ll
village road,
storage facilities,
domestic
water
supply
(vii) farms
farmers
and
system
including
system,
agricultural
credit system,
and
Field
suⅣey
(i)
bydrological
(ii)
basic
and
research,
supporting
services,
havoc,
quality, wind
including
suⅣey
review
farm,
for each
study
agricultural
and
ecosystem,
and
bydrological
and
present
of existing
including
suⅣey
hydrogeological study,
on
management
including:
study
bydrogeological
survey
water
agricultural
other
water
supporting
c111tural assets.
balance
water
and
agricultural
system,
cooperative,
including
bistorical
and
management
extension
(viii)environment
(b)
organizations
farm
review
conBrmation
of
conditionsand
well
existing
check
of
existing
Well
location,
table
water
of
and
quality,
(iii) soil
land
and
to confirm
and丘eld
(iv)
check
irrigation
(vi)
land
血ainage
drainage
and
plans,
use,
survey
including
including
on
suⅣey
and
and agro-economic
for the collection
economy,
intention
fhrmlng
to
conditions
and
review
social
women's
agricultural
to farmers
of national
constraints
regional
of villages, living
in social activities,
structure
participation
surveyincludingintervieァsurvey
of information
on
family
of the agricultural
size,
farm
desire
and
including
survey
(viii)construction
on
supporting
the
present
services,
on
survey
water
conditions
of village roads, domestic
supply
facilities, electric supply
telecommunication
system,
facilities,
post-harvest
and storage
andinterview
hear their desire and
present
and
Practices,
marketing
system,
development,
agricultural
and
survey
(vii) ruralinfrastructure
availability
on
suⅣey
networks.
suⅣey
of villagers
reconnaissance
and soil survey
in
the existing soil maps
shown
information
of present
and
socio-economic
developmellt
standard
including
suⅣey
the existing
irrigation
(Ⅴ)
use
present
system,
sewage
system
to
villagers
and
to
intention,
material
and
of construction
cost
including
suⅣey
materials
and
the
laborers
and
survey
on
their unit
prlCeS,
(ix)
environmental
particularly
farm
land,
amimal
including
on
suⅣey
survey
for the Nurariver
and groundwater,
ecosystem,
and confirmation
and historical and cultural
species
B-12
water
wind
of endangered
assets,and
pollution
havoc
in
plant
and
(x)
of Progress
preparation
Report
describe
(I),whichwill
the experts'
activities, the results of丘eld survey and basic consideration
future study for theformulation
of master
plan･
Home
(a)
(b)
Ⅵbrk
Ⅰ
-
Evaluation
of development
constraints
for the agricultural
resources
water
demand
study
potential
and
on
strategies
and
Pattern,
system
waterand
the water
including
plan
and
recommendable
fTarmlng
modernized
agrlCultural
Practices,
the
of
land, if any,
crops
expected
project, and
support
and
farm
improved
system,
development
and drainage
plan including
rehabilitation
irrigation and drainage
and improvement
system
and
of existing
development,
new
on一血rm
and
construction
of water-savlng
irrigation system,
(v)
development
rural in丘astructure
domestic
water
supply
system,
(vi)
i汀igation
environmental
protection
pollution
(vii) estimate
and
selection
(ix)
preparation
Preparation
the study
betterment
construction
of
facilities, village
roads,
sewage
implementation
technical
of priority
development
Plan
Report
recommended
of tory)graphic
map
of O･5 m for the mapping
and
water
Area,
and
economical
viewpoints
and
project,and
of overall
results and
in the Study
wind
cost,
prワject
of Master
photogrammetry
including
facilities,
of environment
Preparation
interval
plan
conservation
plan including
soil conseⅣation,
forest, conservation
life,
of wild
mitigation
of
and
of
storage
(viii)project evaluationfrom
Phase-II:
of surface
between
(iv)
post-harvest
(c)
study
of agricultural
salinization
implementation
a丘er
marketing
balance
water
against
(iii) agriculturaldevelopment
income
of:
supply,
measures
cropplng
consisting
the assessment
planincluding
groundwater
(ii)
and clarification
of present
rx)tential, needs
developmentintheAstana
urban area･
of development
Formulation
(i)
for the
ground
B-13
program･
(InterimReport) wbicb
will describe
development
project･
on
survey･
a
area
planof
the
scale of 1/5,000with
hectares by
Of 15,000
a
contour
means
of
Phase-ⅠⅠⅠ:
Feasibility
Field Work
Study
III
-
(a)
Supplemental
(b)
Field suⅣey
(i)
data collection,
basic
and
land
soil and
if any.
including:
study
use
survey
the
using
aerial photo
topographic
and
maP,
(ii)
torx)graphic
surveyalong
drains
rehabilitated
to be
(iii) construction
main
material
and
and
irrigation
secondary
newly
and
sand
and
constructed,
for embankment
survey
canals
materials,
gravel,
(iv)
agricultural
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
(v)
farmlng
crop
-
-
Practices,
incremental
on
labor
on
profitability
harvest,
post
on
agricultural
research
to
support
agricultural
support
irrlgation methods,
of
by
improvement
of
of crops,
Storing
the
and
transportation,
and
development,
project
for the following
system
introduce
to
system
station, extension
and
new
items:
crops
and
credit,
rx)1icy for agricultural
government
crops
Practices,
marketability
constraints
varieties,
system,
agro-processlng,
institutional
crop
items:
husballdry,
yields
farmlng
and
for the following
Patternand
animal
drainage
development
in theAstana
area,
present
activities
institutionsfor
-
and
effect
balance
survey
cropping
irrigatioⅢ and
urban
-
agro-economic
production
survey
-
and
constraints
to
and丘nancial
agricultural
situation
support
system,
the agrlCultural
development
infrastructure
particularly
of organizations
and
and
in the Astana
urban
area,
(vi)
on
survey
supply
(vii) cost
rural
system,
survey
laborers,
facilities and
sewage
for construction
if required,and
B-14
for
domestic
water
village roads,
materials,
construction
equipment
and
(viii)preparation
Progress
of
experts'
the
activities,
for
consideration
Report
(II),which
results
future
of
study
for
plan consisting
of:
the
will
field
describe
survey
and
formulation
the
the
basic
the
of
fTeasibility study.
Home
¶わrk
ⅠⅠⅠ
(a)
Formulation
(i)
-
ofdevelopment
development
agricultural
cropplng
pattern,
marketability
Astana
the
around
improved
farm
irrigation
(ii)
the
of
support
of
agricultural
products
and
improved
cultural
practices,
farm income
system,
expected
a免er
improved
and
marketing
system,
farmers'organizations,
and
development
the calculation
design丘)r
preliminary
planincluding
requlrementS
and drainage
module,
improvement
rehabilitationand
of existing
systems
and
water-savlng
management
system,
storage
facilitiesinthe
system,
selected
(iv)
preparation
of
(v)
estimate
projectcost
and
drainage
aIld preparatioI1
including
plan
facilities,village
sewage
irrigation
0f
manual,
development
supply
of
Irrigation
O&M
and
(iii) ruralinfrastructure
and
in
of water
water
crops
project,
system
drainage
and
recommendable
area,
urban
management
implementation
agrlCultural
including
plan
roads,
domestic
water
post-harvest
and
village,
prqjectimplementation
including
program,
investment
cost
O&M
and
cost,
and
(vi) project
economical
(b)
Preparation
and
5.3
Transfer
economical,丘nancial
and
socio-
ints･
viewpo
of Feasibility
Report
development
recommended
which
will
describe
the study
plan
and justification
of the
results
project.
of Technology
Throughout
provided
from
evaluation
to counterpart
the
of the Study,
course
by foreign
experts
(a)
Field survey
(b)
Plan
and
development
and
design
and
transfer
experts
of technology
in thefo1lowing
to be conducted
study
for
irrigation
ruralinfrastructure.
B-15
and
trainingwill
and
be
fields:
foreign
drainage
experts
assigned.
system,
on-farm
training
The
above
and
seminar
of technology,
5･4
overseas
Schedule
The
phases,
form of
will be carried outinthe
on-the-job
during
the course
In addition to the above
transfTer
of the Study.
in Japan.
training will also be programmed
preferably
transfer
or Study
period
of which
Pbase-I
of technology
for the Study
required
respective
are
periods
Study:
6 months
Pbase-ⅠⅠI Study:
9 moIltbs
the Study,
Team
follows
as
at 21
in total for three
months
(Figure 1):
I
6 months
Pbase-ⅠI Study:
R)r
is estimated
the fbllowlng
experts
Will be required:
Leader
Planning
lrrigationn)rainage
Engineer
Agro
no mist
Agro-economist
lnstitutional
Hydro
Expert
logist
Pedologist
Hydrogeologist
Water
Management
Expert
Soil Mechanical
Design/Cost
Engineer
Estimate
E nviro nmentali
Aerial
The
5.5
Expected
The
plan
and
implementation
the following
study
Expert
is estimated
at 90
Input
Survey
Outputs
of the
of the Study
area
with
the
Study
are
expected
to
be:
Report
Report
Report
(1)
and
pr10rlty
immediately
:
at the end
oftbe
:
at the end
of the Home
of master
Order
of
the
economicalviewpoints
results will be
to the Government
:
B-16
(1) formulation
fわr the
recommendation
be submitted
Whichwill
in total.
man-months
the technical
(ii)projectevaluationfrom
for
the
program
project･ These study
Inception
Interim
manpower
outputs
reports
Progress
Torx)graphic
and
Major
major
fわr the total
developments,
and
Photo
required
Engineer
st
of Kazakstan:
after start of the Phase-I
Field Work-Ⅰ･
Work-I.
compiled
Study
in
Progress
Report
Dra氏Final
Final Report
Report
(2)
:
:
at the end
of Field Work-ⅠⅠⅠ.
four months
withinone
Ministry
B-17
after start of Home
Work-Ill
month
after getting comments
Agriculture
on
the DraftFinal
of
from
report.
the
TentativeWorkScbedule
Studyltems
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
四
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Phase-IFieldWork-I
Homework-I
Phase-ⅠⅠFieldWork-ⅠⅠ
Phase-ⅠⅠⅠFieldWork-ⅠⅠⅠ
Homework-Ⅰ
l
Reporting△
ⅠCR
△
△
△
PR (=
ⅠTR
PR(2)
l
Note:
Work
s
l
｣
Work
l
in Kazakstan
inJapan
l
ICR
∫nception
PR(1)
Progress
ITR
Interim
RR(2)
Progress
DFR
Dra氏Final
FR
Final Report
△
DFR
l
△
FR
l
Report
Report
(1)
Report
Report
(2)
Figure-)
Report
付属資料-C
Application
Technical
Cooperation
1.1
1.2
Koksaray
Dam
Syrdarya
River
Project
Location
ImpJementing
Name
(b)
2.1
(See
Map)
of Kazakstan
of Agency
-
Feasibnity
Approximately
Funding
Implementation
ofAgriculture)
2000
:
Sources
Study
(b)
of Ministry
&ommid
20 months
2003
5 years &om
Approximately
Ⅰ皿Plementation:
Feasibihty
Chart
Schedule
Study:
(a)
Organization
2:
Imp]ementation
Prospective
Republic
of Agriculture,
(grant):
(loan):
Japan
International
Overseas
Japan
2.
Oblasts
of Agency
(See Attachment
(a)
(b)
Kzyl-Orda
and
Agency
Orgamization
Desimble
Kazakstan
BasininSouth
1: I.ocation
-
Minlstry
1.5
oりapan
Project Title
(a)
1.4
Study)
Project Digest
Attachment
1.3
(Development
the Government
by
1.
for the
Econo血c
Cooperation
Cooperation
Agency
(JICA)
Fund,
(OECF)
Pmject Justification
Sectoral
Kazakstan,
Backgroll
with
a
nd
17･1 million in 1993,
has 223
million ha of
of about
ha are cultivated lands and 183 million ha are grazing
lands which
land, about 2.3 m己1ion ha are I.regular" imgation
population
35mi11ion
agricultural lands, of which
lands. Out of the total cultivated
are
equipped
with irrigation and
drainage
systemswith
C-1
a
peremial
water
sources,
and
O･9
million
ha
landswith
''flood''irrlgation
are
lands
of these血igated
South
Kazakstan
(about 70%
Kzyl-Orda
and
land produces
mainly
paddy,
)
cotton,
and
and
Kazakstan
which
shortage
been
hawith
a
river basinbetween
inthe
13･2
about
shows
2･0mi11ion
croppedin1985,
that the cropped
This isminly
area
landswith
eveninthe
to‥ (i)improper
water
machinery･
km3
and
to
62
the Syrdaryariver,
of water
per year on
%insummer･
The
out
of
have
Syrdarya
water
was
reservoir
the winterflowincreased
of which
was
crops･
river且ows
to
irrigated
area
of 300,000
supplyfor
agricultural
maintain
Syrdarya
80-85%･
In
the
of
generalthe
agrlCulturalsystem
reliability of
90%
its
Chardara
Aral
Sea
and
consumed
about
of
annualdemand
reservoir
October･
During
however,
water
the past丘ve
the
releasefrom
and
year,
providedinwinter
period ofAprn
Kyrgystan
to the Chardara
seasons,
which
year by
fodder
and
vegetables
ha of the irrigation land
of agricultural
has received
have
for Kazakstan
ensured
320,000
beet, maize,
decreasiTg
of salinized
38%
concentrated
locatedinthe
sugar
is
system
because
of deterioratlOn
culturalpractice
Most
system fed by the spring runOff･
including
in the 6ve s.outhern Oblasts
Syrdarya
basin･
The irrigated
river
due
year･
water
Of irrigation system
andinsuf6cient
management,
(ii)
improper,
area
due
to
lack
drainage
of
system, and (読)
water-logged
the irrigation
distribution
are
Oblasts
It is estimated
that 2･1mi11ion
l･9
hain1993,
hain1990
and
minion
increase
the irrigation
50%
to
changed
to 63.5%with
50%inwinter
and
and summer
lateraltributaries･
theinflowfrom
is released to ArnasaidepressioninKyrgyzstan
and
in
loss
deterioration
over
from
banks,
water
of
river
which
results
of
and accelerate
spins
decreasedflowinsummer
season
in flood plain･
Meanwhne,
the
environmental
conditions
decreaseinimgation
area
causes
then
the de丘cit in irrigation water
the
and further results
and
Theincreaseinwinter
season且ow
,
indegradation
distribution
o山y
of AralSea
control of water
management
and adequate
from theview
therefore, important
point of not
of water
year in the oblast･s are,
development
but also conseⅣation
throughout
agricultural
SectoraI
2.2.
lmprovement
a
Devdopment
of environ皿ent･
Policy
For
the agricultural developmentinKazakstan,
is of paramount
importance･
system
drainage
dra鮎d
Agriculture,
and
amehoration
for rehabnitation
Indicative
for its techmical
under
the
basin
Kzyl
Technical
completedinMarch
Government
of
Syrdaraya
through
nationwide血tegrated
programme
This prograⅡ皿e
identiBed
To
this programme
amelioration.
review
and
amelioration,
Irrigation
the Ministry
development
and
of
land
of
ha of irrigated lands
a Ten
years
and to prepare
to World
Bank
requested
775,000
the Government
cooperation･
syrdaryariver
for
Of existing
f♭r the
reclamationin1991･
In this indicative
study
The
a
and
for rehabilitation
Plan
Improvement
Government,
were
Orda
plan, the rehabilitation
and amelioration
of the irrigated lands in the
a feasibility
glVen a high priority, and the Government
requested
Management
Improvement
Irrigation/Drainage and Water
Project
Cooperation
1998
Kazakstan
river flow
and
Program
of
Government
under the said program･Asthe
intends
to take up
the
Koksaray
dam
Japan･
succeeding
overall water
Kazakstan
projectinSouth
C-2
of
The
study
to
project
management
and Kzyl-Orda
has
been
the above,
the
plan of
Oblasts･
the
2.3.
Prob]ems
The
be solved
to be
irrigated
through
Sector
Kazakstan
areainSouth
rehabihtation
improper
(i)
in the
Solved
improvement･
and
ditribution
water
Kzyl-Orda
and
Major
and
Oblasts
to
are:
problems
excessive
has speci丘c problems
consumption
fわr crop
water
of
productioI一,
improper
･(云)
(iii)improper
decrease
saunlzed
2.4
(1)
0utline
(a)
and
system,
yield, and
lower
basin･
Project
of the
Project
the
development
of the Koksaray
programme
increase
to
irrigation
Dam
Projecthas
logglng,
grOundwater
following
ot)jectives:
(iv) to
productivity
(i)
plainsuch
as
water
of
degradation
major
in and
Aral
around
Sea,
crops･
objectives
to
and
attainhigh
demands.
(ii) to
distribution,
water
rise,
the environmental
Long-term
of
of efBciency
conditionsinSyrdaryariverflood
(iii)tomitigate
enhance
improvement
through
area
(正) to iTPrOVeenvironmental
maintain
which
lower
(2)
drainage
Short-termobjectives
(i)
(b)
crop
of environmentinthe
Objectivesof
The
area
irrigation and
lands,
agricultural
of cropped
(vi) degradation
systems,
facilitiesincluding
on-farm
(iv)increaseof
(v)
drainage
irrigation and
a
stable production
balance
between
of
major crops
agricultural
be improvement
the main issue would
basin of the Syrdarya
river and
in Aral
to
development
domestic
the
meet
and
of environmental
Sea･
the environment,
for
conditionsinthe
PrqjectComponents
ln order
to attainthe
above
objectives,the
C-3
followlng
WOrks
need
to be
implemented
in
ha under
350,000
(i)
Project:
the
of Koksaray
construction
(丘) estabhshment
irrigation
of
modemized
selection
effective
including
systems
(Hi) introduction
dam
of improved
water
the
reseⅣolrS,
faming
system
of
existing
･
diversi丘ed
practices,including
agricultural
practices, selection
crops and improvement
of suitable
O&M
ma?agement and
adequate
Of post baⅣest
system,
crワpping
Season,
cropping
of
and
system,.
marke血g
and
(iv) impr.ovement
seⅣ1Ce,
agricultural
agricultural
Prospective
(3)
of
supporting
agriculture
system,including
extension
credit and皿arke血g･
Bene丘daries
population
of 152,000
persons
be
bene丘ciaries
included
in the irrigated area in the Syrdarya
They will
river basin･
prlmary
the Project. Further, there are numbers
of indirect bene丘ciariesinprocesslng,
marketingand
Oblasts･
other activities of inputs and outputs of the productsinthe
About
25,300
farms
householdswith
ProjectPriorltyinNationalDevelopment
(4)
total
a
the agricultural developmentinKazakstan,
the rehabilitation and improvement
of existing
fTor the Ten
Years
ure
The
plan
expected
Plan
Indicative
World
related
Bank,
for implementation
that the
World
prlOnty
locatedinthe
system
Irrigation and
systems
and soninthe
of irrigation and drainage
Kzyl-Orda
Oblasts has been taken up as a programme
formulated
by the World
Bank
by Mimistry of
and endorsed
Project
a
after preparlng
of
Bank
to
project
Ten
Indicative
Years
Plan, w皿proceed
beincludedinaminlmum丘ve-year
w皿exlend血ancial
to be
around
(tentatively
envisaged
priority programme
3.
the血st
gives
drainage
･
0ther
2.5
a
the Government
part of the country･Ameriolation
South
Kazakstan
areainthe
and
southern
irrigated
Agricult
of
Plan
For
to
are
Terms
of Reference
or the Proposed
(Referto Attachmlent
3)
cooperation
US$
to work
prograrrme･
for implementation
of such
80mi11ion)･
Study
-
4.
Facilities
(1)
Assignment
The
and
Information
of Counterpart
implementlng
agency
for S(udy
Personnel
Of
MOA
Team
of the lmplementing
has
C-4
a
capacity
Agency丘)r
tO
out
It is
assign
the S【udy
COunterPartperSOnnel
of Study
the number
correspondi喝tO
Team
be organized
to
members
the Government
by
of
Japan
Data,
Available
(2)
Meteo-bydrological
-
on
maps
ascale
Soilmapsonascaleofl
-
Preliminarystudy
I
Oblasts,
on
There
security
as
weu
no
G】obal lsslleS
(1 )
Environmental
The
Anticipated
The
the
proposed
Women
(3)
main
study
areainthe
probleminthe
environmental
Main
as
seal
These
by
less
the
Project
Area
South
Kazakstan
component
of
of Koksaray
great
Dam
Kzyl-Orda
and
due
The
wnl
rrutlgate the
by spiuing-over
of
a
draws
season
which
in waterinflow.
decrease
to
signiacance･
caused
8owinsummer
water
deterioration
favourable
Bene丘ciaries
in farming
participating
of the Prqject.
extent
of
Which
women's
impacts
willalso
be
favourable
as
weu
assessed
impactin
asinthe
through
the
but
not
the
should
be
orNot
are
ProjectComponents
The
100,000
irrigation practices will certainly have
lower
Syrdaryariver,
areasinthe
of present
downstream
Aral
the
bene丘ciaries
(4)
:
management
and construction
in the flood plain of the Syrdaryariver
the
of
Women
1
to
relevant
Study
Studyinvolves
improvement
of
Study･
and
to the Study
Envirormentallmpacts
environment
environment
50,000
Conditionsinthe
environmentaldeterioration
winter season
凸ow, as wen asinAralSea
worldwide
attention for its environmental
(2)
Related
Components
water
of
etc･
capital city ofAlmaty･
proposed
improvement
:
at the ofBces
the Security
as血tbe
5.
1
ofl:25,000,
: 100,000
available
Information
is
Maps,
reports
A山ir血rmation
I
Documents,
data
Topo
-
(3)
Information,
Require
to
activities
an
extent,
considerable
SpecialConsiderations
participationinagrlCulturalproduction
for Women
activities
clari丘ed in the Study.
(5)
Anticipated
The
planned
farming
lmpacts
on
efBciency
to be introduced
to the
Women
Caused
be
would
area
under
by the
raised,
the
Project
Project･
C-5
farming
modernized
Accordingly
the women's
because
Practices
are
partlCIPation
inthe
farrmng
Poverty
(6)
Reduction
Farmersl
Any
(7)
be reduced
activities would
Components
economy
Constraints
Project
of the
be improved
would
the I･ow
against
Project･
of the
after completion
due
Income
toincrease
People
of agricultural
Caused
by the
production･
Project
None.
Undertaking
In order
Kazakstan
facilitate
to
shall take
(a)
To
(b)
To
a
smooth
and
measures
necessary
mentioned
the
permit
ln
COnneCtionwith
the Study
exempt
machinery
and
of the Study.
To
(d)
Team
other
(i)
Teamfromincome
To
private
conduct
To
(g)
secure
necessary
To
(h)
provide
member
The
Japanese
Government
Study
materials
medical
of the Study
entryinto
for
permission
related
the
of Kazakstan
Study
as
shall bear
gross
of any
Team
for
country
from
Japan
or
properties
from
alien
kind
imposed
r.emittance
ln
as
well
on
COnneCtionwith
restricted
areas
out
for the
take
Its expenses
if any
claims,
w皿be
arises against
or
as
the
all data, documents
to Japah.
of the country
course
and
chargeable
to
member(s)
of the
the
resultingfrom,
occurrlnginthe
of
otherwise
connectedwith
of their duties in the implementation
of the Study, except when
such claims arise
on
the part of the member
negligence
orwillfulmisconduct
of the Study Team･
the discharge
from
charges
Study
needed･
Team
and
Teanto
to the Study
seⅣices
Team.
exempt
them
the members
a山owances
paid
of the
Study･
the implementation
of the
the
or
and
sojourninthe
and
to
facihties to
necessary
thefundsintroducedinthe
utilization of
i皿plementation
of the Study･
permission
of the Study.
leave
enter,
therein,
tax
provide
secure
to
taxes,
orinconnectionwithany
emoluments
Study Team
for their servicesincomectionwith
To
of
Team･
or
(e)
the Government
duties and any other charges on equipment,
for the conduct
broughtinto
and out of the country
materials
the Study
exempt
from
of the Study,
conduct
below:
Team
of the Study
their asslgnment
fees･
and consular
members
requlrement
registration
To
e丘cient
the safTety of the Study
secure
country
(c)
or Kazakstan
Government
or the
C-6
The
and
also
Implementing
as
coordinating
concerned
The
Government
a
smooth
as
shall act
bodyinrelationwith
for the smooth
organizations
ensured丘)r
Agency
counterpart
assured
Development
of the
that
and
Team
non-governmental
the matters
Study
Study
to the Japanese
other governmental
implementation
of the Study･
of Kazakstan
conduct
agency
referredinthjs
by the Japanese
Study
form
will be
Team･
Signed:
Titled:
On
behalf
of the Government
Date:
C-7
of the Republic
of Kazakstan
Attachment - 1
Location map of Study Ares
C−8
Minister of
Agricult ure
Veterinary
Conimi
t
tee
X
|
l
f
I
Committeeon
Forestry
andHunting
\
J
|
S^
( DeputyMinister
V
^\
V
^M
f
I
Commillccon
^^Rcsourcc
ManaScn)CiU
V
|
J|
f
I
Committeeon
WaterResources
C-9 くつ
l
＼J⊃
Technical Policy,
Services & Research
Department
Economic Reforms,
Marketing and Legal
Issues Department
Technology of
Agricultural
Production
Depart ment
Market Structures
and
Forecasting Division
Elaboration of
Agricultural
Pol icy
Division
Financial Policy
Depart ment
Institutional
Cooperation and
investigation
Projects Department
Fisheries
Department
Monitoring, Organization
& Implementation
and HumanResources
Department
Elaboration of Policy in
Animal Husbandry
Division
rsr>
sr
Organization
Chart of Ministry
of Agriculture
n
I
Attachment
_
3
of Reference
Terms
for
The
1.
Background
Government
irrigation
development
resources
Kzyl-Orda
and
The
ha have
then
orlglnateSfromTien
it 凸ows
down
through
takes
the
the operation
the irrigation water
carried
basin in Kazakstan.
to
reservoir
Syrdarya
山nited
This
irrigation
oriented
past丘ve
years, however,
Syrdarya
river in Kazakstan
the
the
The
part
Naryn
operation
imgation
as
of
riverinKyrgyzstanwas
Syrdaryariver
downstream
reservoirs
Kazakstan
allowed
to
themium
and to maintain
degradation
of environmentinand
areas
as
well
and
banks
Kzyl-Orda
Ⅷe,
due
to
amount
the
water
of
to
change
Chardara
was
hydro
released
power
in winter
prlOrity
m
locatedinthe
side is not
The excess
Syrdaryariverinthemiddle
the Syrdaryariver
large
a
of
reservoir
upstream
flow due to its
theincreased
able to store
winter season
inflowinto
Chardara
reservoir has to be released to the
and thus is lost because
of the low carrying
Capacity of the
Theincreased
downstream
reaches･
winter凸ow
sp皿s over
operationinKyrgyzstan･
riverinKazakstan
storage capaclty･
depressioninUzbekistan
Arnasai
an
promoting
Sea.
During
season
southern
In血e
of the reservoirsinthe
demandsinthemiddleand
for the above-mentioned
water
supply adequate
leveュ of inundation
8ood
of Syrdaryariver
plain
around
)has been
Sham
the river is
rangesinKyrgyzstan,
where
Uzbekistan
a right-side
tributary
called
JOlrung
In the NarynriverinKyrgyzstan,
tillAralSea.
of the Syrdarya
name
the beginning
Aral
GOK"
as
reservoirs.
following
out
"
to
Oblasts･
exist several1arge
Since
Project
water
of the country,
where
irrlgation
this, large-scale
with
implementedalong
Syrdarya
the
riverinSouth
been
Syrdaryariver
called Naryn,
Chirchick
and
there
380,000
Dam
(hereinafter
referred
program
particularly血tbe
Syrdarya
river are
ava血ble.
projects of
Kazakstan
Kok5aray
on
of the Study
of Kazakstan
the
of
development
Study
Justi丘cation
and
The
Feasibility
the rise of groundwater
causes
which
to
tableinitsflood
decreased
ChardarainsumTeてs.eas?n
planincluding
The
sharply･
theinflow
city･
located
de丘cit of the summer
causes
m
the decrease
season且ow
lrrlgatlOn areas
along the
Syrdaryariver
degradation
delta
To
issues,
area･
overall
and environmental
of
cope with the
improvementinthe
Shardayariver
basins
are
water
of
necessity･
management
and
urgent
Since
to formulate
South
the血plementation
an
water
overau
Kazakstan
Kzyl-Orda
and
Project,expecting
an
2.
of Japanese
Justi丘cation
Japan
is known
effective
as
one
to make
a master
the vast area, it is necessary
plan
improvement
Syrdarya
River
Basinin
and
plan on
Dam
on
the Feasibility Study
the Koksaray
and
plan covers
pmanagemenl
Oblasts
and
practical
Technical
of the most
paddy
cultivation but also upland
are
conducted
under the Japanese
crop
implementation
of the pro)ect･
Cooperation
advanced
cultivation･
technicalcooperation,
C-10
management
countriesinwater
If the master
these
for not
only
plan and the f'easibihty study
be
technologleSwill
advanced
introduced
Kazakstan
to
environmental
various
through
the
is also
conservation
The
objectivesof
(1)
To
the Study
an
prepare
riverflow
To
(2)
in
technology
been
by
shown
Sea.
of environmentinAral
the
Japanin
of the following:
consist
water
overau
management
the
considering
To
(3)
Feasi岨ity
conduct
overall
water
management
out
technology
carry
Study
The
to
Study
Area
use
improvement plan
for
for the Koksaray
Dam
of
the Syrdarya
of
mprovement
environ皿entalconditions
of agricultural.
Syrdarya
river
the
Projectidenti丘ed
through
the
plan, aI一d
hzakstan
to
transfer
counterparts
through
persormel
on-
of the Study.
course
study
dividedinto
two
(1)
Pbasel
1-1
To
approximately
oblasts located
will be carried
works,
collect and
outinthe
analyze
salinity and
relevant
d･
agro-economic
e･
agrlCulturalin&astructure,
1-2
To
review
1-3
To
carry
two
stages
and
each
stagewill
South
be further
data and
existing
information
meteorology,
on
the following:
hydrology,
geohydrology,
condition,
agrlCulture,
others.
following
topography,
c･
g･
over
soil,
socio-economic
environment
ha of irrigation land extending
of the Syrdaryariver･
banks
respectively･
naturalresourcesincluding
￡
both
on
Study
oftbe
The
400,000
covers
Kzyl-Orda
and
Scope
b.
water
Area
Kazakstan
a･
and
efficient
Study
thejob traininginthe
5･
has
ObjectivesoftheStudy
productivity
and contribution
8ood
AralSea,
plainand
4･
Japanese
addition,
theinterest
reputable,
and
improvement
occasionsincooperatinginthe
3･
In
studies･
condition,
and
the existing development
ou一点eld survey
and
plans
investigation
C-ll
and
on
project
COnCernlng
the following:
the Study
Area･
a･
hydrologlCal
survey
Including
the Toktogul
studyincluding
b･
Survey
on凸ooding
c･
Survey
on
d･
topographic
drainage
networks,
and
operation
g･
soil and land useincluding
information
and丘eld
check
management
i･
agricultural
of existmg
material
and
erosion,
and
cultural
assets
To
formulate
an
con血mation
checking
present
irrigation
and
drainage
existing
reservoirs
operation
and
to
soil survey
,
the available
con&m
use,
water
overan
the efBcient
environmental
the following:
contribution
whichincludes
Improvement
to
of water
the Chardara
Koksaray
water
the
condition
pollution
plant
and
and
animal
for
living condition,
development,
and
supporting
on
survey
farmers
Services
availability
of groundwater
of
rise in the
ecosysteminAralSea,
son
species and historical and
and improvement
plan of the Syrdarya
river
for improvement
use
water
of agricultural productivity
and
noo° plainand
Aralsea,
conditions
of the Syrdaryariver
management
management
on
the basis
irrigation
reservoir
expenses,
of the agricultural
oⅢ
suⅣey
to
survey
to agricultural
andintention
of endangered
to
the
and
cost
and
surveyincluding
labor
and
and their umt
prices,
considering
inflow
systems
constraints
the
environmental
suⅣey
Including
8ood
Syrdaryariver,
the
plainalong
others.
a･
and丘eld
condition
reconnaissance
of present land
conditions
present
COnStruCtion
1.
flow
on
survey
lmgation
farmers'desire
and
construction皿aterial
1-4
reconnaissance
and
agro-economic
survey
lnCludinginterview
family size,income,
on
of information
monthly
on
survey
k･
city,
organization,
collection
tlarmlng practices
J･
the Kzyl-Orda
around
and maintenance
water
balance
the Syrdaryariver,
along
surveyincluding
f･
water
and
plan
and geologicalinvestlgationincluding
dam sites,
and
farmers
operation
conditionsinand
Irrigation
h･
hydrologicalstudy
of existing
reservoir
conditions
groundwater
for alternative
e･
review
reservoir and
to be
provided
of
water
water
downstream
balance
demand
of
between
simulation
in the Study Areawith
Chardara
the existing
reSerVOlr,
b･
Alternative
]ocated
study
between
tributaries
c･
d･
management
preliminary
on
the
Chardara
of the Syrdarya
and
cost
additional
reservoir
plans,
dam
and
connuencewith
river,
maintenance,
estimate
and
C-12
for which
the Ayrs
a
dam
river,
sitewill
one
of
be
the
e･
1-5
1-6
preparation
To
prepare
Evaluation
ofimplementation
overall
plan
environmentalconservation
and
plan
Initial Environmental
conduct
(IEE), if necessary
To
prepare
overall water
Projectfor the Feasibuty
(2)
PhaseII
2-1
To
2-2
To
the
conduct
dam,
selected
213
To
topographic
management
Studyinthe
prepare
implement
map
and
Phase
the Feasibility
and
Koksaray
the
dam
site and
Dam
area,
reservoir
for construction
and
Study
plan
II･
the selected
coverlng
soil mechamical
improvement
geologicalinvestigations
for selected
of
project(s),whichincludes
priority
the
the
flollowlng:
information
collection
b･
formulation
c･
preparation
of environmental
Analysis
(EIA), if necessary,
d･
of detaded
formulation
of operation
f･
preparation
oflmplementation
g.
cost
b･
economic
i.
overau
J.
recommendation.
Study
The
additional丘eld
andallocation
conservation
design
of preliminary
through
management
water
preparation
e.
6.
of data and
a.
and
of dam
maintenance
plan
and
and
related
survey,
plan of Syrdaryariver
凸ow,
Environmentallmpact
conduct
facilities,
plan,
schedule,
estimate,
and丘nancial
evaluation
analysis of
project(∼),
and
Schedule
Study
will be carried
out
in accordance
with
the
attached
tentative
schedule･
(see
ANNEX)
7.
Reports
JICA
submission
(1)
in English
to GOK･
the followlng
sha]1 prepare
and submit
reports
fわr each report might be changed
to
Study
Schedule･
the
according
Inception
Report
C-13
Timing
of
Thirty
(2)
(30) copies
Progress
Thirty
(3)
Interim
(5)
(3.0)copies
its
I丘eld studyinKazakstan･
II丘eld study
in Kazakstan･
at the
end
of the Phase
II丘eld studyinKazakstan･
Report
(30) copies
comments
of the Phase
(2)
(30) copies
Dra氏Final
(6)
of the Phase
at the commencement
Report
Dra丑Final
Thirty
at the end
Report
Progress
Thirty
of the study･
(1)
(30) copies
Thirty
(4)
Report
at the commencement
on
aRer the Phase
the Dra丘Final
II home
ofBce
Reportwithin
work･
one
GOK
will provide
(1) month
aRer
JICAwith
receipt
of the
Report.
Final Report
Sixty
(60) copies
Dra丘Final
withintwo
(2) months
Report･
C-14
aRer
receipt of the GOK
comments
on
the
ANNEX
TENTATIVE
1
2
ド
蓬
駈
3
5
4
6
SCHEDULE
7
8
9
10
四
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Workin
Kazakstan
貯菅ぎl
Workin
Japan
,JW{llE‡iF
覗
will,
▲
Submissionor
Report
▲
Ⅰc/良
Ⅰ
P/R(1)
Pba5eⅠ
Phase
▲
l■■■
L■
_■■
ー,■■
(Re marks)
Ic/良
P/R
(1)
lVR
P/R
(2)
DqR
F/R
bceptlOn
Progress
Interim
Progress
Report
Report
(1)
Report
Report
(2)
Dra氏FinalReport
FinalReport
C-15
茄
▲
▲
P/R(2)
DqR
PhaseⅠ
▲
F/
｢■
III'r
19
付属資料･D
Application
Technical
Cooperation
by
1.
Project Digest
1.1
ProjectTitle
lntegrated
1.2
area
of Fergana
1.5
Development
Study)
oりapam
in
Prワject
Fergana
Province
Province,
of Agriculture
and
I)esirable Imp]ementation
(a)
Master
O))
Implementation
Prospective
(a)
Master
of which
location
map
is shown
in Attachment
Plan
Fun°ing
Plan
Water
Resources
of the Republic
of Uzbekistan
Schedule
Study
:
Approximately
10 montbs丘.om
Approximately
two
(2)years
the middle
from
2001
Sources
Study
(grant):
Japan
lnternational
Cooperation
Agency
Cooperation
Agency
(JICA)
O,)
I
Agency
Implementimg
Ministry
1.4
(De▼elopmemt
Government
Ⅰ.ocation
Whole
1.3
Agricultural
the
for the
Implementation
(grant)
:
Japan
International
(JICA)
D-1
of2000
1･
2･
Background
2. 1
and
JustirICation of
is
land-locked
Ge皿eral
Uzbekistan
Turknenistan
desert and
country
steppe,
to
an
area
1,430
extends
of which
about
in 1995･
The population
persons化m2
of Uzbekistan
which
(6･9%), Tadzhik
(4･1%), Kazak
Since
Uzbekistan
and
a
In this period,
political stability had been
following
at current
Real
GDP
Consumer
(Rb
Imports
Trade
辛
about
agriculture
(26･3%
42%
a
was
was
51
2･6%･
The
groups･
The
was
etlmic
followed
by
been
undeⅣay
has
re丘)rms
iIl the
indicators
199 1
61
transition
relatively
Russian
towards
modest
a
and
ln
market
social
and
of Uzbekistan:
1992
1993
447,200
,459
-0.5
82.0
3.1
(%)
9,801
-9.6
528.0
19,535
150,51
14,662
21
191,885
-4,861
-1 ,940
,475
1994
4,428,100*
80,000*
-2.0
1
8
,312.0
706
947
-41 ,367
1241
-2_6
820*
943
1,121
738
in
Sector
s
1992)
result, cultivation
seriously,
countries･
foodstuff
Under
by
for 25.4%
accounted
derives
stagnated
largely
economy
of population
Cotton
As
density
population
and 1995
or
in 1995
million
Uzbekistanl
29･6%
of
remained
1.6
･M)
Agricultum]
1993,
(Rb･M)
(Rb･M)
Som
1985
of the population,
made
1990
32,340
balance
:
of Uzubekistan
nationalities
program
the economic
(%)
price inflation
60%
in
by
maintained.
table shows
prices
growth
major
is occupied
to south･
north
The
areas･
rate between
Tadzhikistan
and
about
km
the west,
and
others.
comprehensive
Item
GDP
930
the population
has been
progress
decline has
real GDP
remarkable
economy･
The
(4･1%) and
Kyrgyzstan
ofwbicb
and
for 74.5%
accounts
presently
1995,
early
to west
growth
of four
is comprised
largest is Uzbek
Exports
east
by
km2,
Of447,000
km
in the north
Kazakstan
bounded
and
Bank,
of World
60%
1ivedinrural
the estimate
million,
population
bordering
country
in the south,
occupleS
and
According
22･63
a
Afganistan
and
The
the east･
2･2
Project
the
and
and
depends
agriculture
down
from
of GDP,
for lO･4%
construction
in agricultural
engaged
are
40%
of export
ofwbeat
and
Uzbekistan
earnlng
the cotton
under
with
crop of cotton･
in 1992,industry
main
34.8%
(unchanged丘om
1992).
for
In addition,
the
direct control
of the
Government.
has been
with cotton,
Russia and other CIS
is paying
effort to attain self sufficiency
fields to grain fields,without
the production
reducing
D-2
In
sector.
other cereal crops, wbicb
compete
has to import the food grains from
this situation, the Government
converting
on
of
of
For
cotton･
this,
improvement
Government
the
of irrigation
T血e cereal
Of these
crops
had
and
deterioration
lowering
increased
and
paddy
in Uzbekistan
are
maize
drainage
caused
3.2
reached
yield
crops
and
main
wheat,
through
cotton
of
barley,
winter
paddy
and
45%
and
for about
account
3･3
of the cereals peaked;
from
1991
to 1994
period
-
and
the
winter
total production
of crops･
2･0
2･5mi11ion
tonsin
the
productivity
and
are
The
of irrigation
in 1995
increase
to
PraCtices･
and
to
reduced
Of farm
farmlng
cultivated
maize･
crops,
24%
of total production
tons,
intends
million
due
facilities caused
by shortage
for O&M
of budget
byinferior
farm mangement･
The production
has
due
tons
million
increase
to
of the cultivation
to
and
agaln
area
of
1991
to
cereal crops.
The
following
table
the
shows
crop
dairy
and
productsinthe
from
years
1995.
ー000 tons
Produ
1 9 0ノ1
cts
4
Cotton
365
4
3 3 48
3,492
3 0
qノ
0
8
2,257
2 1
4 92
469
5
Dairy
3 33 1
3,679
3 7
Problems
To
with
for proBtable
resources
agricultural
in AgriculturaJ
Solved
is blessed
Uzbekistan
sustainable
Be
profitability
the
of
development
agricultural
high
8
4,
2 9l8
2 4 ′07
3
5 0 Qノ
3 7 3 つJ
2｡｡諾
つJ
Sector
water
fertile lands,
rx)tentials and
development･
agrlCultural
country
Qノ
3
5 ′b
2
7糾
1
3
rr)
351
Cere al s
Meet
fundamental
the
4 23
9421
213
es
4,128
2｡｡畑卿,
Vegetabl
′b
4 ′b
1 0ノ9 4
4723
Potato
1 0ノ93
low
remains
in Uzbekistan,
which
are
the
In spite of these advantages,
For the profitableand
level･
the followlng
countermeasures
be
Will
needed:
(a)
Shiftof
present
monoculture
system
of
to
cotton
the
diversified
cropping
system･
(b)
Increase
of foodstuff
(c)
Establishment
of environmentally
(d)
Improvement
of
production.
irrigation
sustainable
drainage
and
agriculture
systems
system.
and
water
management
technology.
(e)
Improvement
(i)
Promotion
of agro-processing
of rural development
and
and
D_3
marketing.
enhancement
of farmers.
living conditions.
2.4
0utlineoftheProject
(1)
Objectivesofthe Project
The
Province
main
needs
Agricultural
is to establish
the efficient production
in order to enhance
products
for agricultural
working
Integrated
the
objectiveof
(a)
the farmers･
tO
opportunity
to address
the丘)1lowlng
Strengthening
(b)
water
Improvement
the
accelerate
Strengthening
and
through
resources
through
The
(a)
appropriate
management
living conditions
and
provision
savings
conservation
system･
by
lowering
system.
services and
in the rural
mobilization
facilities by
areas,
ensuring
lmPrOVlng
credit
accessibility
information
extension,
minimlZlng
agricultural
Components
of the following
projectwillconsist
Improvement
lowerlng
of drainage
Risbton
Rehabilitation
and
(d)
Establishment
(e)
Introduction
crops
of
and
power
fertilizersand
in farm
Bagdad
improvement
rural
and
distribution
diversi丘ed
chemicals,
Province
drainage
irrigation
including
system
development･
including
village
particularly
Fergana
roads,
by
system･
canal
lining,
drinking
water
system.
of post-baⅣesting
of improved
in
of sub-surface
on-farm
infrastructure
areas
andvillage
(Rayons)
provision
of
structures
lands
Districts
table through
of canal
Improvement
supply
and
COmPOnentS:
conditions
and
grOundwater
rehabilitation
(c)
lands,
of
in villages
drainage
of sub-surface
use
and
of irrigation
rehabilitation
productivity
of support
in Altiarik,
(b)
a
glVe
objective,the project
efficient
and other support
seⅣices, promoting
social industries,
farmers'organization.
risks and strengthening
Project
systems
to
and
regulation.
and
(2)
marketing
standard
tb∫ougb price stabilization,
and marketing
system
facilities,
infrastructure,
of post-harvest
provision
of rural market
development
of market
and organization
and establishment
of rule
promotion
(d)
and
and
Fergana
of post-baⅣest
construction
and
and post-harvest
farmers'1iving
system
technology
table through
Strengthening
sustain
production
of land
groundwater
(c)
the
of farm
of land and
the
Projectin
Issues:
of
improvement
To
base
Development
and
farming
cropplng
etc.
D-4
marketing
practices,
System,
system.
including
proper
the selection
and
timely
of proGltable
application
of
(りImprovement
(g)
credit and
Establishment
of
Establishment
(i)
Monitoring
Terms
Assignment
Ministry
(2)
of the
Global
(1)
Study
is no
geological
and
of
rental
environmental
on
I
Agency
of
aspects.
2･
for the Study
of Uzbekistanwi1l
assign
counterpart
Team.
Maps
etc.
Related
to the Study
scale of 1:50,000
a
on
maps
data,
a
and 1:100,000,
scale of 1:50,000
and 1:250,000,
statistics,
year book,
study
reports,
and
All information
available
at the ofBces
the Security
Conditions
in the Study
security
functions
Team
Resources
maps
on
research,
system.
in AttachmeI]t
of the Executing
logical data,
Previous
the
will have
fTarm lnPutSand
O&M
and
plan is presented
Topographic
Production
agricultural
Study
Documents,
Hy血ogeological
There
Proposed
Meteo-hydro
Agricultural
of
of irrigation, agricultural
Of the Study
data, Information,
In丘)rmation
management
Water
the requlrement
Soil and
(3)
water
Personnel
of Agricultureand
Available
which
procurement
for the Study
of Counterpart
to meet
as
such
system.
cooperatives
for master
hformation
and
extension
products,
evaluation
of reference
Facilities
personnel
and
services
to farmers.
of effective
of RdTerence
terms
agricultural
machinery
(h)
support
agricultural
agricultural
agricultural
(1)
agricultural
agricultural
marketing
The
of
problem
in the Study
relevant
to the
project.
Area
Area.
Issues
Environmental
lssue
The
environmental
in order to formulate
impact
a
plan
assessment
with
should
the minimum
D-5
be
donewithinaframework
adverse
effects
on
natural
of
and
the
social
environmentandmitigation
irrigation waterand
(2)
in Development
Women
constitute
makes
development･
and
the
Poverty
Reduction
Farmers-
barvesting
(4)
Any
proposed
Components
economy
their
and
and
The
plan
be
should
save
Uzbekistan･
formulatedwith
The
stream
of
a
of
women
particular
in development.
to women
production
face･
they
the need
verify
in
in the main
of women
for moreinvolvement
the place
ensure
project can
Sea.
farmers
of
this
of
to Aral
majority
effort to
the Study
will
Therefore,
implementation
of innow
overwhelming
deliberate
a
constraints
attention
(3)
result in increase
would
Women
Government
The
measures.
be
WOuld
system
Constraints
largely
improved
opportunity
working
marketing
Project
of the
will
implementation
a鮎r
the I.ow
against
Income
be
due
increased
of the
by
of
agricultural
establishment
of
post-
the Government
of
prqject.
Caused
People
increase
to
by the
Project
None.
Undertakings
of Uzbekistan
of the Government
In order to facilitate smooth
Uzbekistan
to:
shall undertake
and
efficient
(a)
Secure
the safety of the Study
(b)
Permit
the
country
ln
connection
alien registration
(c)
Exempt
equlPment,
and
Team
machinery
and
the Study.
Team
to
their assignment
with
requirement
Study
the
Team.
Study
of the
members
of the Study,
execution
from
other
consular
enter,
therein,
materials
and
sojourn in
and
them
exempt
the
from
fees.
duties
taxes,
leave
brought
on
and
any
other
charges
into and out of the country
for conducting
(d)
Exempt
the Study
in co皿eCtion
of the Study Team
on
or
Team
&om
income
tax
and
charges
or allowances
with any emoluments
for their services in connectionwith
kind
of any
paid
imposed
to the members
implementation
of the
Study･
(e)
Provide
utilization
necessary
offunds
implementation
facilities
to
introducedinto
of the Study.
D-6
Study
the
Team
the country
f♭r remittance
from
Japan
as
as
in connection
well
with
Secure
(り
(g)
conduct
of the Study.
Secure
permission
necessary
Provide
(也)
member
the
Study
discharge
gross
Team
Ministry
Study
Team
governmental
The
enable
of Uzbekistan
smooth
&om,
shall bear
as
organizations
Government
execution
and
claims,
course
the part of the
Water
coordinatlng
concerned
out
of the Study,
on
to
take
oftbe
if any
of
or
except
areas
restricted
all data,
country
for the
documents
arises against
otherwise
when
member(s)
such
member
connected
claims
of the Study
the
(s)of
to
the
arise from
Team･
Resources
to the
shall act as counterpart
agency
in relation with other governmental
and nonfわr smooth
implementation
Study･
the
of
refTerred in this form
Team･
Signed:
Titled:
behalf
to
body
that the matters
of Uzbekistan
assured
Development
Study
by the Study
of the
On
and
to Japan･
will be chargeable
Its expenses
occurrlnginthe
willful misconduct
also
Team
needed･
in implementation
of Agriculture
and
relating
or
Properties
to the Study
services as
Study
Team.
of the
of their duties
negligence
Study
the
medical
resulting
or
into prlVate
entry
for
materials
Govemment
The
or
permission
of the Government
Date:
D-7
of the Republic
of Uzbekistan
will
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10
15
コr】L
Attachment_)
S(-ノ＼1.1三
O
Attachment
Terms
2
･
of Rdbrenee
ror
Master
Study
Plan
OII
Integrated
Agricultum]
Development
Project
in
Ferga皿a
Background
More
than
25%
of Uzbekistan's
of its labor
42%
about
merchandise
force.
As
a
cotton,
export･
has been
stagnated
&om
Russia
and
CIS
other
reducing
In
Uzbekistan,
production.
land area,
of which
about
some
of irrigation, tbougb
Since
1991,
drainage
Under
by
compete
which
food grains
the
most
is paying
to grain丘elds
the cotton丘elds
to increase
intends
effort
without
the yield of
PraCtices･
useful
for
means
has
4 million ha of cultivated
land,
93%
is irrigated.
Su血ce
irrlgation
irrigation
have
been
systems
O&M
in
a severe
of
resulted
in
increase
results
of salined areas
reducingvu1nerability
9%
or
about
is the most
of
of the country's
common
method
to sprinkler
upgraded
system･
deterioration
irrigation
of
and
insufficientfunding
facilities, which
wbicb
employs
for
40%
accounts
c･f
this situation, the Government
and血rmlng
is the
fiber
of wheat
and cereal crops,
Uzbekistan
has to import
and
converting
of irrigation
irrigation
Uzbekistan
,
氏)r this, the Government
of cotton.
improvement
through
cotton
seriously
in agriculture,
of cotton
commodity
countries.
attain self sufficiency
is generated
result, cultivation
of foodstuff
the production
GDP
Primary
with
to
the Study
JustirICation of
and
Province
by
about
lo啄 in the irrigated
land.
Tbe
Fergana
Valley;
easternmost
ha,
which
of
populated
crops
Province
a
in the
country,
area
are
the farm
as
shown
of 2･74
population
part of the country
286,800
ha is irrigated
areainthe
cultivated
with
as
million
showninAttachment-1･
Since
farm
land.
land
area
per
in tbe丘)1lowlng
D-9
is located
in the
Its total
this
capita
table:
province
is only O･10
area
is
ha･
Fergana
is 481,000
highly
most
The
main
CottoJ)
127,000
VVh eat
92 , 000
Orch ard
Lucerne
34, 400
16,2(氾
Maize
ll,600
Vegetab]
5,600
e s
*
Others
73
,200
360,000
Tota1
(Note) +:These
lands
because
As
not
used
present,
is very
salinization
problem
Bagdad･
The saline
40%
in Rishton
Tbe
5,000
length
km
area
I汀igation
serious
ba
33%
20%
or
by
of total irrigation
bigb
land
of totalirrigated
area
table･
groundwater
districts; Altiarik,
three
ln
particularly
about
sources
lrrigation
canals
most
canals,
is
This
Rishton
inAltiarik
canals
Syrdarya
the
of
total length
a
with
of which
drainage
and
tributaries
are
6 main
through
of subordinate
of existing
presezlt
table, about 73,200
high
salinity caused
occupies
water
lands
at
notused
and
District,
in Bagdad.
40%
and
farm
to
carried
are
of salined hnds.
in the above
because
of
mentioned
at
nit:血a
Area
Cultivated
s
need
and
Province
and
is
is
water
of 680knand
rehabilitation
in Fergana
River,
than
more
improvement･
a5
tabulated
The
below:
nit:kn
Can
Len
al/Drain
/0
canals (6 Nos･)
hter-farm
canals
On-farmcanals
3 0
3 8
collectors
On-farmco]]ectors
fo上 vertical
the above-mentioned
farmers
per
in this province
are
Government
capita, the
tec血ical
Province
the Japanese
2･
the agricultural
JustirICation of Japanese
development
agrlCulture,
is known
agricultural
marketing
system
Japanese
tec血ical
Uzbekistan
as
particularly
tb工Ougb
master
the priority
for its implementation.
and
that the
seriously, and understanding
due to the smallest land holding size
situation
to specify
Government
Japan
adverse
the poorest over
the county
intends to request
of Uzbekistan
to prepare
assistance
of Fergana
l 2
draiJl
98
Taking
0ノ 0
1627
2 0
Inter-farm
Well
鮒553
Main
Technica]
for the small
supporting
of agrlCultural
cooperation,
project
with
requested
fわr
the whole
territory
for the Grant Aid of
farms
countries
in the integrated
including
the development
farmers'organizations,
system,
these
to be
advanced
holding
products･
plan
of Japan
Coopemtion
of the most
one
the Government
dealing
If the master
advanced
the Study.
D-10
plan
study
tecbnologleS
agricultural
of irrigated
and post-harvest
and
is conducted
under the
Will
be
introduced
to
3.
Objective of
The
the Study
objectivesof
for integrated
plan
development
the Study
agricultural
to be
program
to
are
formulate
development
requested
a
in the
for the Grant
strategicand
Fergana
Aid
master
comprehensive
Province
and
of the Japanese
to
specify
Government
the
for its
implementation.
4.
Study
The
area
master
of 3,600
5.
Scope
5. 1
km2
territory of Fergana
cover
the whole
plan studywill
located in Fergana
Valley.
Provincewith
a
total
of the Study
General
The
will be
Area
as
scope
of the profX)Sed
plan
study
(hereinaAerreferred
to
as
''the Study‖)
follows:
(a)
Master
(b)
Determination
plan study
(c)
Preparation
Province
Fergana
Province･
of aerial photo
of about 4,000kn2
for the
and
area
covering
torx)graphic
map
for the
the whole
for about
Grant
area
Aid
of the
of Fergana
for the
lOOkn2
area.
prlOrity
master
fわr the whole
of priority project tO be requested
Government
for its implementation.
Japanese
The
master
plan
four
be carried out for 10 months.
will continuously
from
Team
start of the Study,
the Study
months
will
study
In the first
the
step of the Study;
prepare
lnterim Report
describe
on
development
the
wbicb
will
result of evaluation
potential, prqject
for the priority
to be requested
for
needs, development
strategies, recommendation
project
Grant
the
Aid of the Japanese
Government
for its implementation,and
for future
schedule
A洗er
Report
by the Uzbek
study･
submittal
of the Interim
and
approval
of report
Government
Team
the Study
the study for preparation
and JICA,
of various
will continue
development
design
fわr
the
plans and make
cost
preliminary
and
estimate
prlOrity prqject･
D-ll
5.2
I)etaiIed
ln order
(1)
Scope
to formulate
First Step
(a)
or the Study
of Study
Collection
(i)
fourth
to
(first
and
review
groundwater,
structure
and
salinity and
and
population
social
development
land
use,
unit yield, farmlng
marketing
system
standards,
and
social
national
economy,
reglOnal
government,
area,
cropped
price
farm
and
living
national
practices
including
agro-economy
of bousebolds,
number
mcome,
of regional
(iii) agricultureincluding
hydrology,
meteorology,
and
plans,
structure
on:
torx)graphy,
in&astructure,
organizational
(iv)
information
soil,
including
reglOnal
variety,
data and
including
socio-economy
activities will be required:
month)
of existing
resources
natural
(ii)
plan, the following
the master
land
and
of
cropping
pattern,
holding
system,
product,
price
farm
of
crop
inputs,
economy,
irrigation
(v)
and
including
inventory
list for existing irrigation
and drainage
drainage
facilities, design criteria, information
O&M
on
and water
management,
(vi)
infrastructure
rural
system,
electric
system,
farm
agricultural
system,
and
suⅣey
basic
and
study
balance
groundwater
condition
(iii) soil
and
survey
of present
land
use
the toll)graphic
and
sedimentation,
uslng
map,
D-12
vertical
hydrological and
existing
system,
of existing
table and
including
shown
of
review
for
well
theinformation
con&m
and
use
credit
agrlCultural
and
irrigation
existing
of water
check
land
and
Services,
review
including
of
system
including:
fわr each
suⅣey
location
existlng
suprx)rtlng
including
study
sewage
system,
management
research,
ecosystem,
soil erosion
historical and cultural assets･
hydrologicalsurvey
water
water
agricultural
other
system,
including
quality, and
water
(ii)
telecommunication
supply
agriculturalsupporting
management
extension
water
facilities,
system,
cooperative,
(viii)environment
(i)
storage
domestic
roads,
and血rmers'organizationsand
including
Field
village
system,
supply
post-harvestand
(vii) farm
(b)
including
drain,
study,
survey
con丘rmation
on
present
of
well
quality,
reconnaissance
in the existing
the aerial photo
and
soil survey
soil map
and
to be shot under
to
field check
the
Project
irrigation
(iv)
and
maintenance
(v)
drainage
and
drainage
networks
condition
socio-economic
standard
(vi)
of villagers
farmers
and
for
charge
including
collection
system,
expenses,
farmers'desire
survey
on
of
supporting
living
village,
in social activities,
conditions
Practices
and marketing
development,
agricultural
and
to
and
constraints
the
of
agricultural
services,
(vii) ruralinfrastructure
of village
road,
including
on
the survey
survey
present
conditions
domestic
water
supply
system,
electric supply
system,
telecommunication
system,
facilities, commumity
to hear
vi11agers
of
regional
farmlng
condition,
and intention
present
and
to
includinginterview
survey
survey
information
family
on
size, income,
living
monthly
national
participation
agro-economic
the
of
structure
social
women's
and
collection,
review
on
suⅣey
irrigation
on
suⅣey
present
facilities,
operation
and
on-farm
water
and
plans,
agricultural
and
survey
development
including
survey
(viii)construction
of
system,
post-harvest
health
center,
and
and
school
their desire
material
availability
sewage
center,
intention,
and
survey
and
construction
and storage
interview
to
cost
including
suⅣey
suⅣey
and
their unit
al一d labor丘)rces
the
materials
oⅢ
prlCeS, and
(ix)
environmental
ecosystem,
animals
Preparation
and
(e)
erosion,and
and historical
species
potential,
of present
confirmation
and
of
Fergana
of Interim
for
Report
for future
projectneeds,
project to be requested
priority
Government
for its implementation,
Second
Step
(a)
Supplemental
O))
Preparation
of Study
(fifthto
and
seventh
and
for
schedule
Grant
Aid
of
the result of evaluation
strategies,
the
strategies
development･
fわr the
development
potential,
the
plant
development
agricultural
describe
whichwill
endangered
Province･
and
of priority project tO be requested
Government丘)r
its implementation･
Preparation
pollution,
culturalassets.
projectneeds
constraints
of water
condition
Determination
development
(2)
on
survey
the whole
coverlng
of development
clarification
Japanese
(I)
soil
of aerial photo
Evaluation
including
survey
Grant
fbrfuture
Aid
the
on
recommendation
the
of
Japanese
study･
month)
data collection,
of torn)graphic
the aerial photo
taken
map
in tbe丘rst
D-13
for the priority
step of the Study･
area
of around
100
km2
using
(c)
氏)rmulation
(i)
of development
resources
water
drainage
improvement
irrigation
water
(v)
support
existing
Irrigation
O&M
and
road,. post-harvest
environmental
system,
and
storage
Preliminary
(e)
Preparation
and
system
improvement
establishment
including
plan
electric supply
facilities,
of effective
construction
of
facility,
sewage
system,
including
plan
implementation
cost,
technical
and
soil
conservation,
and
and
betterment
-
economicalviewpoints,
and
developme山program･
Plan Report
of Master
wbicb
Fergana
Province
implementation
and
Transtもr
of
projectand justi丘cation
will describe
program
the master
plan企)r the
for the prlOrity
project･
of Technology
Throughout
the
to counterpart
provided
and
design and cost estimate fわr the priority
for
the
project the Japanese Grant Aid,
whole
5･3
system
project
(viii)projectevaluationfrom
(ix) preparation of overall
(d)
marketing
life, mitigation
ofwi1d
of water
pollution
in
Aral
Sea,
the
condition
and around
of environment
of
improved
crops
and
farm income
system,
conservation
conservation
(vii) estimate
areas,
village
rehabilitation
development
supply
water
lowering
on
emphasis
system,
ruralin丘astructure
(vi)
and
planincluding
management
domestic
main
Prqject,and
of the
development
programof
and
irrigation
the
plan including
recommendable
farming
modernized
Practices, expected
Pattern,
implementation
agricultural
water
surface
development
cropplng
(iv)
of
between
study
plan
putting
table in agrlCultural lands
(iii) agricultural
and
assessment
balance
supply,
water
groundwater
:
of
the
water
rx)tentialand
and
a鮎r
consisting
including
plan
groundwater
demand
(ii)
plans
Field survey
(b)
Plan
Study,
by foreign
experts
(a)
and
of the
course
and
study
design
transfer
to be conducted
and
training
and
will
be
in the followlng丘elds:
experts
for irrigation
teclmology
of
foreign
drainage
experts
system,
assigned.
on-farm
development
and
rural in&astructure.
The
tralnlng
and
teclmology,
above
seminar
overseas
transfer
during
training
of
the
carried out in the form
olf on-the-job
In addition to the above
transfTer of
of the Study.
technologywill
course
be
will also be programmed
D-14
preferably
in Japan･
5.4
StudySchedule
The
period
Study
the
required丘)r
is estimated
at
10
in total
months
as
shown
in
Figure-1.
For
the Study,
Team
the following
Leader
Planning
lrrigationのrainage
Agrono
Agro
Will be required:
experts
Engineer
mist
eco
-
no
mist
Sociologist
HydrologlSt
Pedologist
H ydrogeo lo gist
Water
Management
Soil Mechanical
Design/Cost
Expert
Engineer
Estimate
Engineer
Environmentalist
Aerial
The
5･5
Photo
required
and
manpower
Topographic
is estimated
Input
Expected
MajorOutputsofthe
The
Outputs
major
Inception
lnterim
Of the Study
Report
Final Report
Final
Report
Expert
at 70
man-months
in total.
Study
are
as
follows:
at the start of the Study
Report
DraR
Survey
four months
:
eight months
withinone
Ministry
D-15
a洗er the start of the Study
a丘er the start of the Study
month
aaer
getting
Agriculture
of
and Water
comments
Resources
from
the
Work
Tentative
Schedule
StudyⅠtem
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
EEI
10
FirstStepDatacollection
Fieldsurvey
Aerialphotoshooting
Developmentstudy
Determinationofpriorityproject
SecondStepSupplementaldatacollection
Preparationoftopographicmap
Formulationofdevelopmentplans
Preliminarydesignofpriorityproject
ThirdStepFinalizationofMasterPlanReport
Reporting△
△
ⅠCR
Note:
+
■
■
△
△
Ⅰ
TR
D FR
FR
l
l
l
Work
in Uzbekistan
ICR:
Inception
Work
i皿Japan
ITR:
Interim
DFR:
Dra氏Final
FR:
FinalReport
Report
Report
Report
FigureI)
付属資料-E
TECHNICAL
COOPERATION
BY
THE
GOVERNMENT
OF
JAPAN
APPLICATION
by
The
Goverllment
The
Of
Republic
Turkmenistall
of
ror
Feasibility
Study
On
Establishment
Agricultural
of
Cellter
Training
to
Tbe
1.
Project
Digest
1.1
Project
Title
PrqjectfわrEstablishment
1.2
(about
District
Province
Implementing
Resources
and Water
hereto as Attachment
Desirable
of Agricultural
ha)
in Attachment
Agricultural
1.5
500
of Ahal
presented
1.4
of Agricultural
or
Trainlng
Japan
Center
Location
Farm
1.3
Government
(15-km
-
University
northeast
of
Turkmehistan,
Ashgabat), of which
of
located
location
irr Guyar
map
1.
Agency
Universlty
Of Turkmenistan
of Turkmenistan,
(MAWR)
2 and
-
Attachmenト3
lmplementation
(a)
Feasibility
(b)
Implementation
Funding
(a)
Feasibility
Study
(b)
Implementation
the c叫StOdy
of which
of Ministry
of Agriculture
charts
organization
are
attached
respectively･
Schedule
Study
Prospective
under
Approximately
Approximately
1 0 months
one
(1) year
from
the midd･le
in 2003
Sources
(grant)
:
Japan
:
Japan
lntemational
Cooperation
Agency
Cooperation
Agency
(JICA)
(grant)
lntemational
(JICA)
E-1
of 2000
is
2.
Background
Land
2.1
js
in the not-theast and
Sea
is occupied
west･
by deserts,
due
to
and
temperattll-e
at
Kushka
The
The
in
east
loo
Amudarya
tO
】10
-
temperature
sL"T"Tler
dl･OpS
and
country
km
to
west
is 一ocated in the desel･t ClilTlatic
35 oC
be]ow
1,100
extends
topography･
rarely drops
ovel･the
in the north, Uzbekistan
countl･y borderiTl竺Kazakstan
by the
in the southeast
Iran in the south, Afghanistan
and bounded
kLllコ･of which
The coしllltl.yOCCuPleS
al- area
about 90%
Of488,100
land-]ocked
a
east,
in the
Turkmenistall
donlinant
Project
the
of
Population
and
Tul.kmenistan
casplan
Justification
and
-33
and
rises up
oC･
Tlle annual
in
mm
is the
soIⅥe
river
zone
knl nOl･th
50 oC
at
Karakulll
is
preclpltation
to
south･
is
c]imate
continental
in a day and yeal∴ It
severe
Ltnd
gl-eat Vat-iances
shows
to
650
and
Desert･
In winter,
be】ow
scarce,
250
the
1¶1¶
areaS･
importa--t
most
Tl-e
country･
Plateau,
the Pamil･
and
discharge
mean
annual
Of the
l･eSOurCe
water
km2
area
orlglnateS at
of 309,000
l･iver with a catchment
The
to Aral
mows
down
Sea through
Afghanistan
and Turkmenistan･
whel･e the intake polnt Of the Karakum
of the l･ivel･is 45 km3 at Mukry,
Amudarya
Canal
is located･
in 1995 was
Bank, the population
ofTurkmenistan
the estimate ofWorld
Canal･
The
live along the Amudarya
4.6 mi一lion, most
river and the Karakum
of which
lowest
in 1995, which
is the second
the
denslty
9･O persons/km2
among
Was
population
has
Kazakstan･
The population
rate
Soviet Union,
followlng
growth
republics
of Former
According
3.9%
been
other CIS
or
system
independence,
agrlCultural
depression
the radical
not
attributed
is comprised
presently
to
the immlgrationfrom
the
of three major nationalities
for 77･0%
accounts
of the
(6･7%)I
Russians
and
Turkme□istan
and
rich
to CIS
took
of Russia,
a
in oil and
gradual
therefore
and
the Turkmen
affected
compared
Turkmenistan
(9･2%)
reform
much
country
Another
is mainly
rate
Economy
National
has
by Uzbek
followed
A鮎r
high growth
population
of Turkmenistan
largest is Turkmen
which
The
groups･
from
This
The
countries･
population,
apart
1989･
since
ethnic
2.2
to
economy･
standing
refoRussian
the
the collapse of
economic
is
Turkmenistan
In addition,
since
method
the country
gas,
of econo血c
less suffered
from
the economic
countries･
lS
that the economy
Of the Turkmen
economy
point
by the cotton
production
and extraction of oil and gas･
supported
ln
noticeab]e
is much
In the
of
paid main
efforts to the construction
Canal
for
cotton
cultivation,
mainly
line
systems･Asa
of gas and oil
construction
Soviet Union,
the government
of the former
large-scale
irrlgation system
including
the Karakum
time
development
of gas
and
oil
resources
and
largely
of cotton
and
ranked
former
to be the second
producing
for both gas and cotton
among
country
for cotton･
for gas and after Uzbekistan
Union;
after Russia
E-2
Increased,
and
the production
Soviet
gas
has
result,
Turkmenistan
the countries
is
now
of the
The
1992to
following
tab]e shows
the
net
material
by
(NMP)
pl･Oduct
in the years
sector
from
1995:
(Unit:%)
1 992
sector
1993
1 995
1994
24.2
34.9
ALTriculture
】6.3
] 2.2
lnしIustry
65.1
62.4
ヰ0.7
2ヰ.8
Con_nruction
9.O
14.3
26.2
]4,7
TrLmSr)011talion
3,9
4,6
3.0
5.()
5.7
6.5
5.i)
4.3
1 ()O
1 00
1〔)0
and conlmunicali()tTI･a(le alld Se】･＼′ices
5.6
Taxes
Tota1
1()()
fol･Cibly depending
deve)oped
was
Of Tul･kmenistan
to the extraction
on
or linked
the cotton-related
of gas in the time of the fol･mer Soviet Union･
NMP
Ul-ion, howevel･,
AfteI･ disso一ution of the foI･mel. Soviet
of industl･y has
propol･tion
have increased
as shown
in the above
decreased,
and construction
while those of agllCulture
Asnlentioned
table･
above,
the econonly
for the agllCulture, diversification of cl10PS from
is intended expecting
the self sufficiency of food crops･
Particu]arly
vegetab]es
2.3
Agricultural
Sector
Turkmenistans.s
in 1995,
and
43%
economy
remains
primarily
An
additional
of employment･
industries, mostly
agrlCultureィelated
in Turkmenistan
agrlCulture
hectares
in 1995.
1.77 million
for 30%
of GDP
agricultural, accountlng
in
lO%
of the labor force is employed
enterprlSeS･
agribusiness
The
covers
gl･ains, fl･uitsand
to
cotton
is almost
entirely
these lands
However,
dependent
have
irrlgation,
on
been
which
for
mainly
developed
from
all the foodstuffs had been imported
cultivation in the Soviet time, andalmost
is paylng Its effort to attainment
A鮎r
independence,
the government
the other CIS countries･
improvement
for foodstuffs
through
of irrlgation facilities and other
of self sufficiency
of the foodstuffs
result, it is reported that the self sufficiency
agrlCultural infrastructure.Asa
will be attailled in 1998.
the cotton
The
followlng
table
shows
the crops
and
dairy
from
in the years
products
1991
to
1995:
(Unit:■000tons)
1995
Ⅰtems1991199219931994
cereals517717975l,lO6
I,294
cottonー,4431,3001,3411,283
1,293
21
potato30343120
376
vegetables388298286391
MeetlO798110107
727
Egg(millionnos.)300292267270
270
According
As
for the other
times
has
L111
Milk458471712716
to the above
crops,
of production
already
attained
table, the production
it.is noticeable
in 1995
as
of cotton
that the production
compared
the self sufficiency･
1991･
with
The
double
E-3
has been
of cereals
Among
cropping
depressed
is increaslng
the cereals,
Of wheat
paddy
has
since
Showing
1994･
2･1
production
started in some
to
area
from
to
The
attain the se)f sufficjency･
1992,
area
then1, the cultivation
expoll
2.4
btlt has l･eCOVel･ed since
To
ProblenlS
For
following
Be
Solved
a decreaslng
tendency
showed
production
of vegetables
has a p一an
1994.
As fol･ the fl･uits, since tlle gOVeI-nment
i一lAgricultural
lつ1･OFitab】ealld sustainable
TlleaSul.eS
Should be taken:
Shift ofpI･eSent
(ii)
Increase
(iii)
Establishlllent
(iv)
Improvement
(v)
Rehabi一itation
in
futul･e･
near
Sector
in Turknlenistall,
agl11CultしLra】development
the
(i)
wi]] increase
and pl･Oduction
the divel Siried cl OPP川g
tO
mO110Cしl】tul eSySteI¶
the
SyStel¶･
offoodstuffpl Oduction･
Of envil･On111e11ta'lly stlStaillable agl icu】tul-eSyStelTl･
sys[em･
ofmal'keting
aglrCultural
(vi)
Impl･OVement
(vii)
Prornotjon
and impl･OVement
ill什astructul e･
Of irrigation
of
rural
Or i11･igation and drainage
water
technology･
management
development
and
faci一itiesand othel
of
enhancement
living
farmers-
conditions.
to the above
In addition
measures,
development
of agrlCultural extension
and
a
particular
importance
should
In Turkmenistan,
trainlng
SyStem･
not exist except
the direct system
does
and trainlng System
the MAWR
official･ However,
extension
between
be
placed
on
the
the agrlCultural
farm
technical
in the agricultural
staff and
since high progress of privatization
in near future, the necessity for the
sector
and increase in number
of private farms are expected
In this
agrlCultural extension
and trainlng System
Will rapidly increase for the prlVate farms･
leaders through
context,
of the
the trainlng Of the govemment
staff and farmers
establishment
agrlCultural
trainlng
agrlCultural
development･
Will be of paramount
Center
2.5
0utline
of
the
( 1)
Objectiveof
the
importance
for the profitable
and
sustainable
Project
Project
Training
Center is
of Agricultural
leaders
to conduct
the tralnlng tO the government
staff concerned
and farmers
through
Agricultural
Universlty
the
trainlng
Center
the
Of
of
agrlCultural
under
custody
of
establishment
to address
Turkmenistan.
To sustain and accelerate
the
the
the project needs
Thernain
objectiveof
the
Projectfor
Establishment
objectives,
followlng
(a)
ISSUES:
Training
The
to Govemment
Agricultural
governmental
wil】 basically
Staff
Trainlng
staff to develop
focus o□:
Center
will
their implementation
i-4
organize
capability･
training/seminar
The
for
the
staff training/seminar
(i)
To
tO
trainnlg
(ii)
To
the
orient
build
staff towal･ds
team
a
to
them
enable
the
objectivesand
efficiently
Implement
among
the staff
appl･OaCh
Of the agl一ICu】tul a】
pI-OCeSS
the works･
to
handle
skilful)y
their
tean1
1･elatioTIS.
(iii) To tl･ain in cl･OP Cu】tivatio-1 and al-illlalhusbandry,
fac=ities.
policies･
agl･icultura】
de､′elopnlent, SuPP])/ and
一aw.
i11dしIStl･ial
(iv)
To
the
review
col)ec[ively
(b)
pnces
ilTIPl OVenlent
suggest
and
the inlPIenlentatiol"f
pl･OmOte
711arket
of agl･icul【し"･ul
c!10PS a】ld‖､′estock and
of the training
outcome
suppol-ting
tecllnOlogy,
a--d
research
and
watel･uSe
agl`0-
meaSしIl-eS
tO
the wol･ks･
Tl･aitlillgtO Fat･nlel-S Leadel S
to manage
the agrlCし11tul･al and
ski-I al-d capac-ty
leaders, who
for the farmers
will be
imgation
the tl.ainlng W川be
ol-ganized
system,
in the
by the provincial
agrlCultul･al offices･ The trainlng Wil一be pl･OVided
recommended
develop
In ol･del･ tO
farmers･
fieldsof:
(i)
To
train in agricultural
crops,
application
i汀1gation method
in animal
(ii)
To
(2)
methods
of selected
agrlCultural
chemicals,
facilities,
and
of irrigation
and
maintenance
husbandry.
train in agricultural
agncultural
(iii)
and
operation
cultivation
fertilizers
of
methods
and
including
pl･aCtices
extension
cooperative
practices,
and
marketing
and
credits･
To
farmers
to
guidance
fan
planned
provide
demonstration
to
for
proper
be attached
to
farming
practices
in
the
the Center･
PrqjectComponents
The
(a)
of the fbllowlng
prq】ect will consist
Buildings
including:
(i)
Office,
(ii)
Laboratories
for biological
of crops
livestock･
lecture
and
(iii)
Club
(iv)
Guest
(v)
Dormitories
(vi)
Store houses
(vii)
Garage
(viii)Supply
(ix)
COmpOnentS:
Fence
(50 persons)
rooms
and
and
library with
agro-chemical
tests and
(200 seats)･
houses
and
(15 persons)･
(50 persons)I
for fertilizers and
repair
system
around
agro-chemicals･
shop･
of gas, electricity
the center･
E-5
and
drinking
reading
water･
room･
for defining
qualities
(b)
faml
Demonstration
Irrigation
(i)
(500 ha) inc]uding:
drip
(spl･jnk】el･,
and
i..1 igation
surface
system)
and
dl-aillage
faci】itiesinclしIdillgI-Oa°netwol◆k･
Expel-ime11ta】 fa‡-111S･
(ii)
(iii)
.
faI 111.
DemollStl`atiotl
filml･
n1し11tiplicこItion
(i一′)Seed
llOuSeS
Green
for Vegetab一es,
(vi)
Gl･aZi11g yal-ds fol` Catt一e,pig and
(vii)
Rehabilitation
3.
Plant andequipment
Pumplngequlpment･
(ii)
Minトplantformeat
(iii)
Mini-plant
dairy processing･
(iv)
Mini-plant
for processing
(v)
plant
(vi)
Office
The
of
the KarakuI¶
Calla】
to
processing･
for production
and O&M
Reference
terms
OVel-
inc)udillg:
(i)
Terms
flowel S･
poし1】tl y･
of l･Oad fl･Ol¶the bl･idge cl-OSSil-g
fol･about 2 km･
centel･
the pl･OpOSed
(c)
】11uShroo】-l.Je】11011and
(v)
feed for grazing
of mixed
catt一e,pig and
poultry･
equipment･
Proposed
the
of
for feasibility
of reference
meat･
ofpoultry
Study
study
on
is graphically
the pro)ect
presented
in
Attachmenト4.
4.
(1)
Facilities
requlrement
(2)
for
of Counterpart
Assignment
MAWR
Information
and
Available
of the Executlng
Personnel
will asslgn counterpart
Study Team･
Of the JICA
data, Information,
(i)
Meteorological
(ii)
Topographic
(iiil
Soil and
(iv)
Agricultural
(v)
Production
(vi)
Previous
Personnel
Documents,
and
maps
geological
from
Team
for the Study
Agency
the Agricultural
Maps,
UniversltytO
etc･
hydrological申ta･
on
a
maps
scale of 1:50,000
on
statistics･
yearbook.
study
Study
JICA
the
reports･
モー6
a
scale
and
of 1:50,000
1:250,000･
and
1:250,000･
meet
the
infomlation
avai]ab]e
the Security
Conditions
(vii) All
(3)
Infornlation
on
Thel･e js no
5.
in the Study
in the study
Prob一em
Envil'Onmenta)
shoLL]d be
environlTlentaHssue
let fan-1erS know
the impol･tatlCe
Women
constitute
women･s
of
be formulated
(3)
Poverty
a
with
Reduction
Farmers･
the place
enSul･e
in
farmel･S
Of
maJOrlty
tO
effol･t
CoIⅥpOnentS
would
impleI℃entation
Constraints
to
attention
particular
economy
thl･Ough
Any
of the tl ainlng
ln
agl-1Cultul･e
of
in the mainstream
for
the necesslty
women
training
of
more
PrOgrarn
in development･
women
Prqject
Ofthe
be
The
Turkmenistan･
to verify
it is needed
the trainlng'therefore,
status
and the constraints they face･ The proposed
Through
should
(4)
franleWOrk
a
Of the e-1Vi】･o-1me--ta】ly sustai-っable
ovel･Whelmi--g
deliberate
a
makes
deve】opment･
production
in the capltul city OfAshgabat･
as
Well
in Development
women
involvement
AI-ea
dealt withwitllill
ol･del･ tO
deve】opme11t･
Government
aS
project･
Issue
The
(2)
al-ea
the
lssues
Gtol)al
(1 )
secullty
to
the offices re)evant
at
largely
due
Improved
increase
to
of
agrlCultura】
of the prq】ect･
against
the Low
the
Government
Income
Caused
People
by the
Project
None.
6
･
Undertakings
ln order
Turkmenistan
of
to facilitate
shall undertake
smooth
and
the safety of the JICA
(b)
Pemit
the members
Exempt
the
JICA
Study
of the JICA
of
and
equ】pment,
machinery
for conducting
Study･
the
Study
and
requlrement
Study
Team･
Team
their asslgnment
COnneCtionwith
alien reglStration
(c)
the Government
to:
Secure
ln
of the Study,
efficient execution
(a)
country
Turkmenistan
of
Team
consular
from
E-7
and
and
exempt
therein･
sqjourn
in the
them
from
fees･
taxes,
other materials
leave
to enter,
duties
brought
and
any
into and
other
out
charges
on
of the country
(d)
Exempt
the
imposed
on
members
JICA
Study
from
Team
income
tax
and
charges
of
kind
any
to
Or a])owances
in connection
paid
with any emo)i"TlentS
fol･
in
JICA
Study
Team
their sel･Vjces
connection
of the
or
the
with
i-¶plel-1entation of the Stし1dy･
provi(Ie
(e)
necessal-y
facilities
fol･ I-emittance
as
well
JLtPan in connection
as
with
of the Study･
imp]enlentation
Secし111e PellTlission
(f)
Teanl
Study
intl･Oduce(1 into the countlつ/ from
offunds
utilization
the JICA
to
or
Into
entry
PrlVnte
or
Properties
-･estric【ed areas
fol- the
co11dしICt Of the Study･
secul-e
(g)
Permission
necessal･y
medica一 services
Study
mel¶bel･ Of the JICA
The
the JICA
Study
discharge
gross
Govel-nment
Team
ol･
MAWR
body
Team.
the Study
out
act
as
on
counterpart
al一data, documents
of the country to Japan･
to
take
Its expenses
needed･
w川be
and
to
chal geable
the
Team･
of the Study,
the part of the
to
agency
in relation with other governmental
imp】ementation
of the Study･
if any
of
except
arises agaillSt
or
and
JICA
of
to the
connected
claims arise from
Study Team･
of the JICA
when
member(s)
the
otherwise
member(s)
such
Study
Team
and
also
as
non-governmentaトorganisations
fわr smooth
concerned
The
enable
in implementation
Wi一ful misconduct
shAl】
coordinatlng
as
Study
shall bear claims,
Of Turkmenistan
resulting from, occul･1･1ng ln the course
of their duties
negligence
[o
re]atlng
materials
Pl･OVide
(h)
JICA
forthe
smooth
Government
execution
that the matters
assured
of T山rkmenistan
JICA
Study
Team･
Study
by
the
of the
referred
Signed:
Titied:
on
behalf
of the Government
Date:
E-8
of Turkmenistan
in this form
wil】
LF,C.END
KAZAKHSTAN
UZBEKISTAN
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MAP
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Attachment･2
organization
Chart
for Agricultural
University
of Turkmenistan
organization
Chart
of Ministry
Watel■ Resources
of Agriculture
and
Water
Attachement･3
Chalt
Of Agricultul●e and
9_r_gae買iita.tiognal
0_f_tee,Woiss!lg
of TuI.kmenistan
Resources
of Turkmenistan
Attachment
TernlS
4
I
Reference
Of
for
Study
Feasibility
On
Establishment
CeI-ter
Training
of AgL･icuJturaJ
iII
T11rk111enistan
1.
Rationate
has
Agl･icu]tul･e
to be
will continue
so
long
been
the significant
future･
fol･ the foreseeab]e
to
employment
and provided
industries. For the further
inc]uding
40%
over
activation
in the econoITly
sector
for about
It accounted
the population
in
sector
of agriculture
a
and
Of Tul･kmenistan
in
30%
1995
of GDP
in agriculture-1･elated
engaged
in
high pl10greSS Of prlVatization
however,
Will p一ay an
the agrlCultul･a】 extension
and trainlng System
the agI･1Cultul-a】sector,
does not exist
because
this system
be estab一ished immediately,
important
ro】e and should
farm technical staff and the MAWR
between
official･
except the direct system
In order
feasibility
formulate
to
study
the
Projectfor
to
(hereinafter referred
Establishment
‖the
as
of Agricultural
Center,
Trainlng
the
be
conducted
by
in the agrlCultural
extension
and
Study‖) urgently
needs
to
specialists･
2.
Justification
Japan
trainlng
is known
advanced
countries
of the most
development,
irrlgated agrlCultural
as
for the
System
TechnicalCooperation
Japanese
of
one
fa-ers･
agrlCultural
of agrlCultural
and marketing
organizations,
and post-harvest
is conducted
technical
feasibility study
the Japanese
cooperation,
under
Study･
to Turkmenistan
through
the
technologleS
Will be introduced
3.
system
supporting
Objectives
of
System,
If the
products･
these
advanced
Study
the
for the government
Programs
design
and
leaders, preliminary
of the center
of the buildings
and farmers
staff concerned
the
of the project through
of the project cost and justification
other trainlng facilities, estimate
feasibility study･
The
4.
objectivesof
the Study
are
to
formulate
a
trainlng
Area
Study
Farm
District of Ahal
(about
500
Province
ha)
University
of Agricultural
(15-km
northeast
of
Ashgabat)･
E-12
of Turkmenistan,
located
in Guyar
5.
Scope
5.1
Detailed
Scope
Befol･e
u71dertaken.
Study
or
to be
pl･OJeCt, a feasibi一ity stしIdy is l･eCOl¶-¶e-1ded
p-･oposed
of the feasibility s【し1dyis to fon..ulate the estab]isl-I-lent Flan of the
the
pul･Sul11g
The
Study
of
objectives
Pl-OJeCt･
The
(a)
sul･Vey
tLle following
cover
will
study
Oll
training
agricultural
(i)
Past andpl･eSent
(ii)
Pl･eSent
activities:
including:
system
activities oftl-ai-1111g,and
disseminatioTI
for tlle result
System
of
agricultura一
to
research
fal･mel･S.
(b)
su】･vey in the fal･m includil-g
Topog-･aphic
the cana一s and
along
Construction
material
(d)
Identification
of the constraints
(e)
study
ro-e and
deve】opment
(f)
Study
(g)
preparation
(h)
on
a-1d
1-Oute
Survey
survey･
the pl-eSent tl'aining system･
on
of the Agricultura一
position
Training
Center
in the agricu一tural
of the country･
principle
operational
and
activities of the Center･
of basic plan of the Center
(i)
Improvement
(ii)
Study
(iii)
Preparation
(iv)
Facilities and equipment
(v)
Stage-wise
inc一uding:
structures,
plan of organizational
training principle
on
Preliminary
farm,
table survey
1.Oads･
(c)
on
the plane
and
of training,
ofcu汀iculum
p一an, and
plan, if necessary･
establishment
design
demonstration
program,
of buildings,
farm,
seed
irrigation
and
multiplication
drainage
farm,
facilities, experimental
green
houses
and
other
trainlng facilities for the Center･
(i)
Preparation
0)
Cost
(k)
Projectjustification･
(I)
Preparation
5.2
Transfer
Throughout
provided
of operation
estimate
and
maintenance
and implementation
plan
for the Center･･
plan･
of feasibility report･
or
Technology
the
to counterpart
course
experts
transfer
and
of technology
of the Study,
fields:
by forelgn experts in the following
E-13
trainlng
Will
be
(i)
Fie一d sul･Vey a--d i--vestigation
(ii)
Plan
fol･ irrigation
design
and
fo†一
e､′el･ylines of fol･eign expel･tS aSSigned･
facilities, buildings
dram-age
and
and
othelー
tI･ainl11gfacilities･
(jjj) Establish-llent
(iv)
Of tl･aining pl-Ogranl
and cし‖111iculu111･
pL-OCedure･
Pl･OjectjしIStificこIlion
､viH be caI･11iedout in the roll.i 0f on-the-jobtrainil-g
above tl･｡11Sfel10f technology
In addition to the above
transfel-Of technology,
Orthe Study･
Llnd senlinal･ dul･ing the coul･Se
o､/el･SeaS
tl･ajnlng Will also be pl10gl･ammed
pl-eferably ln Japこ1n･
The
5.3
Schedule
Study
The
period
The
followlng
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.4
as
shown
in Figul･e
1
･
fol･the Study:
Engineer
Agronomist
-
The
10 morLths
Leader
In･igation rDrainage
-
at
will be required
fol･elg-- eXpells
Team
-
is estimated
fol･ the Study
required
Agricultural
Extension
Specialist
Engineeri.
Building
SociologlSt
PedologlSt
Soil Mechanical
Engineer
Topographic
Engineer
DesignノCost
Estimate
required
manpower
Engineer
Input is estiIⅥated
to
be 45
man-months
in total･
Reports
The
results of field survey
to the Government
will be submitted
Inception
Report
and
study
in the followlng
will be compiled
reports
Which
of Turbllenistan･
within
month
one
after
start
of the Field
Work
in
Turkmenistan.
at the end
of the Fie一d Work
Draft Final Report
at the end
of the Home
Final Report
within
MAWR
Progress
Report
モー14
one
on
Work
in Turkmenistan･
in Japan･
after gettlng
the Draft Final Repolt
month
comments
from
Month
Studyltem
112i31415
三三三二il
Prepとlt-atOryWorkinJapan
l
■¶■■
FieldWorkinTuI.knlenistan
6171819
l
l
l
i
tーonleWol●kinJapan
-Prepこl1-ationofDl.aftFiーlalRepo1't
-PrepとlrationofFinalReport
W
≡妻…言≡≡.≡]
柑
巨
H
ll
ll
u
l■■■■
▲
▲弓
Ref)ortltlg
ⅠCRl
PR
l
u
■■■
Work
Note:
Work
Work
in Turkmenistan
in Japan
Schedule
ll
ICR
InceptlOn
PR
Progress
Report
DFR
Draft
Final
FR
Final
Repol●t
Report
Report
Figure･】
Tentative
1
l
FR
DFR
付属資料-F
TECENICAL
COOPERATION
BY
THE
OF
GOVERNMENT
JAPAN
APPLICATION
by
The
Govern111ent
The
Or
Repub一ic
TurkllleI一ista11
or
for
Study
Feasibility
On
Establishment
Agricultural
of
Center
lnformatjon
to
The
1.
Project
Digest
1.1
Project
Title
Establishment
Water
1.2
1.3
1.5
of Agricultural
Resources
(MAWR)
lnformation
Of
Japan
Center
in the Ministry
of Agricu一ture
and
of Turkmenistan.
Location
ln the compound
of MAWR,
Implementing
Agency
MAWR,
I.4
GovermIⅥellt
of which
Desirable
organization
Feasibility
(b)
Impleme□tation
Study
Prospective
(a)
chart is
Feasibility
Funding
Study
as
shown
map
lS
iⅢAttachment
presented
Implementation
1
I
in Attachmenト2･
Approxirnately
9 months
Approximately
one
from
(1) year
themiddle
in 2003
Sources
(grant)
:
Japanlnternational
Cooperation
Agency
Cooperation
Agency
(JICA)
(b)
-
Schedule
Implementation
(a)
location
of which
(grant)
:
Japan
lntemational
(JICA)
F-1
of 2000
2.
Background
2.1
Land
Justification
and
Popu]at)Ion
and
TurkmeniLnall
is
]and-locked
a
in the northeast and east,
Casplan
Sea in the west･
'LS
bordel･iTlg Kazakstan
countl･y
iran in the south,
The
by desel･tS, and
OCCuPied
Project
the
of
country
Afghanistan
all
occul)1eS
I,100
extends
km
aI･ea
to
east
due
to
l･arely dl･OPS below
35 oC
tel叩eratし1l･e at Kusl-ka
overthe
100
-
Amudal･ya
Amudarya
flows
in
Aral
to
to
and
I 10
in
mm
a
Sea
of the river is 45 km3
Mukry,
at
impo】･tant
most
south･
great
variances
oC
Kal･akum
Desel-t.
at
se＼′el･e
been
3･9%
other
CIS
or
since
below
the
250
ml--
Of the country･
P]ateau,
the Pamir
The
scaI･Ce,
of 309,000
water
l･eSOurCe
km2
orlglnateS at
Turkmenistan･
The
and
discharge
annual
mean
Canal
is located･
population,
After
from
rich
to CIS
compared
largest
(9･2%)
which
Russians
and
Turkmenistan
of Russia,
the Turkmen
affected
and
is Turkmen
to
accounts
presently
for
The
the
has
from
the immigration
of three major
was
the
nationalities
77･0%
the
of
(6･7%)･
Economy
the radical reform
country
is mainly
attributed
is comprised
of Turkmenistan
rate
growth
by Uzbek
independence,
has not much
high
population
The
groups･
followed
National
This
The
countriesI
ethl-ic
2.2
to
1989･
It
In winter,
in 1995
Bank, the popu】ation ofTurkmenistan
the estimate ofWorld
Canal･
4･6 million, most
live along the Amudarya
river and the Karakum
of which
lowest
denslty
9･O persons/km2
in 1995, which
is the second
Was
among
popu一ation
The
rate
Former
Soviet
Union,
followlng.Kazakstan･
growth
of
population
republics
According
is
COntille11ta】 c一imate
in a day and year.
alld
and
the intake polnt Of the Karakum
where
to
al eaS･
Afghanistan
through
50
k7¶ --Orth
1｢】1eannua一 pl･eClpltatio-- is
soITle
area
catchment
to
rises up
oC･
-33
l･iver is the
river with
down
ten1pel･atLlre Shows
summer
drops
countl-y and
The
The
topogl･aPhy･
650
and
west
Tし1l･kl¶e11istall
is 】ocated illthe desel･t C】il¶aticzone
dominant
in the north, UzbekistaTl
i71the southeast
by the
and boLlnded
kmコ, of whicl- aboし1t 90%
Of488,100
in oil and
gas,
took
standing
apart
reform
economic
system
and therefore the col]apse of the Russian
In
Turkmenistan
is
agrlCultural
economy･
addition, since
from
depression
less
the country
the economic
suffered
a
gradual
economic
countries･
in
lS
that the economy
economy
point
of the Turkmen
is much
by the cotton
Turkmenistan
and extraction of oil and gas･ In the
supported
production
Soviet Union,
of
time of the former
the government
efforts to the construction
paid main
Another
一arge-scale
irrlgation
development
result,
ranked
former
noticeable
of gas
system
and
the production
to be the second
Soviet
Union;
oil
including
resources
of cotton
producing
after Russia
and
the
and
gas
Karakum
Canal
construction･of
has
largely
for both
country
for gas and
mainly
gas
Increased,
for cotton
oil line systems･
and Turkmenistan
As
and
gas and cotton among
Uzbekistan
for cotton.
after
F12
cultivation,
the countries
is
a
now
of the
The
1992
following
table shows
the
net
material
(NMP)
product
by
in the years
sector
from
1995:
to
(Unit:%)
SecLOr
】992
1 994
)993
1995
A=Tricuhure
16.3
12.2
24.2
34.9
InJuslry
65. 】
62,4
1().7
24.8
9.0
14.3
?6.2
14.7
C()nslI･uCtion
Tran叩(汀taLion
Trade
and
and
LIOmmuniLuLi()n
Services
3.9
｣･.6
3,0
5.7
6,5
5.9
5.6
4.3
Taxes
5.6
】00
T()tal
Asmentioned
on
AfteL･ djsso】ution
linked
or
=)()
100
developed
forcib一y depending
was
of Turknlenistan
the extraction
of gas in the time of the formel･ Soviet Unioll.
the economy
above,
the cotton-related
】00
to
propol･tion
of industl･y has
decreased,
in the above
have incl-eased as-shown
while those of agllCulture and construction
Particular]y
for
diversification
from
to
table･
the agrlCultul･e,
cotton
of crops
grains, fruits and
is intended
vegetables
expectlnt,Crthe self sufficiency of food cl･OPS.
2.3
of the
Agricultura】
43%
and
Soviet
Union,
however,
NMP
Sector
Turkmenistan■s
in 1995,
forme)･
economy
ofemp】oyment.
industries, mostly
agrlCulture-related
for 30%
agrlCultural, accountlng
of GDP
lO%
in
of the labor force is employed
1-emains primarily
An additional
agribusiness
enterprlSeS.
The
is almost
agr】culture in Turkmenistan
entire】y dependent
l･77 million hectares in 1995･
However,
these lands have been
covers
the cotton
in the Soviet
cultivation
the other CIS
time, and
independence,
After
countries･
for foodstuffs
of self sufficiency
agrlCultural infrastructure･Asa
will be attained in 1998.
The
followlng
table
all the foodstuffs had been
is paylng
the government
Its effort
resu]t, it is reported
shows
the crops
which
for
mainly
imported
from
developed
almost
improvement
through
irrlgation,
on
and
of imgation
and other
of the foodstuffs
in the years
products
attainment
facilities
that the self sufficiency
dairy
to
from
1991
to
1995:
(Unit: fOOO tons)
Ⅰtems1991199219931994
l995
Cereals517717975l,106
1,294
Cotton1,4431,3001,3411,283
1,293
Potato30343120
376
Meet10798110107
EE]
Milk458471712716
727
Egg(millionnos.)300292267270
270
According
As
to the above
for the other crops,
times
has
21
Vegetables388298286391
of production
already
attained
table, the production
it is noticeable
in 1995
as
of cotton
that the production
compared
the self sufficiency.
1991･
with
The double
F-3
has been
of cereals
Among
cropplng
depressed
is increaslng
the cereals,
Of wheat
paddy
has
since
Showlng
1994.
2･1
production
started
in
some
to
area
fl･Om
to
a decreaslng
te--dency
of vegetab】es showed
has a plan
As foI･ tl-e fl-uits, since the govel･nment
since 1994･
in -1eal･ future.
area
and pl-Oduction w川incl･eaSe
The
attain the se一fsufficiency･
1992,
but has recovered
them,
expoll
2.4
the cultivation
Proble111S
For
following
To
Be
nleaSul-eS
in
Solved
the profitable
and
production
Sector
Agricultural
sustainab】e
development
ag=cultul-u7
in Tut-krnenistan,
tlle
be taken:
Should
(i)
Shift ofpl･eSent
(ii)
Increase
tO the divel･Sifjed cl℃Pp川g
System
mOtlOCし11【し=･e
System
offoodstuffproduction･
(iii) Estab】ishJ11ent Of environnlentally
(iv)
Il¶prOVement
Ofmal keting
(v)
Rehabilitation
and
Improvement
(vii)
Promotion
system･
impl･OVement
Of i汀igation and dl-ainage facilities and othel
infrastl11Cture･
agrlCultural
(vi)
sustainab】e agricultul e SyStem･
of irrigation
of
water
development
rural
techno】ogy･
management
and
enhancement
farmers-
of
living
conditions.
is
a well-established
In addition to the above
measures,
agl･-Cultura一 training System
in the country･
In
for the profitable
development
agrlCultural
needed
and sustainable
data and information
on
Turkmenistan,
agrlCulture
there are an ample
andwide-ranged
accumulated
development
technology
marketing
in the past･
recognlZlng
the custody
circumstances,
MAWR･
of
(1 )
Objectiveof
of
the
the
Agricu一tural
to
intends
these
0utline
followlng
information
it is difficult for them
2.5
The
data and
are
to
to establish
very useful
for the government,
and program
policy
for the universities
and institutes, and to
for farmers･
Due
to less development
schedule
however,
country,
These
approach
to
establish
an
to
the
research
an
agricultural
agrlCultural
new
farmlng
a
profitable
and
in
information
the
the
system
of
MAWR,
these data and information･
establish
agrlCultural
information
center
under
Project
Project
lnfomation
Center
is proposed
in MAWR
to be established
fわr the
Objectives:
(i)
information
a nation-wide
agricultural
establish
and operationalize
for provision
information
including
land use, land
system
of comprehensive
To
tenure,
crop
facilities,
and
technology,
and
cultivation,
livestock
databases
market
and
farming
Practices,
including
development,
agro-industrial
F-4
agricultural
supply
laws･
and
use
water
policies,
prlCeS
and
supporting
research
Of agrlCultural
and
crops
(ii)
To
a
estab】ish
fol･ mOnitorlng
system
l･eglOnal offices, but.eauS, attached
(iii)
To
illtrOduce
accし11･ate
(iv)
To
rrlOdern
fl･eSlldata
and
To
pl･OVide
and
technology
infornlation
MAWRTs
organize
(vii)
tl･aini11g activities
manage
reseal･Ch communication
To
pl･inted
pI･Oduce
documentation
marketing
(2)
and
improve
and
offices; uni､′el･Sities,
statistical institutions･
othel- StaFf for but-emus,
to
l･eg】Onaloffices jn the condしtCt Of l-eSearCh and
(ヽ′i)To
mateI･ia】s
to farmersl
agencies
and
and
senlillarS山t
will pl･01¶Ote
statistics infollmtion･
and
and
attLIChed
statistica一actiヽ･′ities･
as
such
pet-iodicals
l･eSeal･Ch l･eSu】tson
of outstandi--g
relevant
get highly
to
users
enabling
agl･】Ctl】tul-a】
pet.fol-】¶allCe･
with
assistance
agenCiesI
cooperatlng
intel-nationa】こInd local I-eSeal･Ch and
co】1eges, and
(v)
on
]inkages
estab]ish
agencies
infomlation
a
activities in the MAWR-s
Of research
一etters,
lleWS
agl･lCu】tura】pl･Oduction
and
profitability･
PrqjectWol-k
For
the implementation
(i)
facilities will be needed:
of the pro)ect, the following
of buildings
Construction
fol･ Operational
offices,
of databases
storage
and
laboratories.
(ii)
Establishment
and
reg10nal
research
(iii)
of computer
universities,
offices,
MAWRTs
among
colleges,
information
offices
international
and
and
local
statistical institutions.
and
Provision
network
of
hardware
compatible
and
software
platforms
and
other
equlpment･
3.
(iv)
Training
(v)
Local
Terms
of
The
Attachmellt
4.
(1)
Reference
of
training
overseas
of
reference
the
Proposed
for
the
with
of the
respect
to
project components･
technical
the various
aspects
Study
feasibility
study
the
on
prワject
is presented
in
3.
Facilities
Assignrnent
MAWR
and
involved.
terms
-
implementation
of staffinthe
lmfbrmation
and
of Counterpart
will
asslgn
for
the
Personnel
counterpart
JICA
Study
of the Executing
Personnel
requlrement･
ト5
to
the
Team
Agency
JICA
for the Study
Study
Team
to
meet
its
(2)
Avai】able
data, Information,
Documents,
(i)
Ag】-icu】ttlra】
statistics.
(ii)
Pl-Oductioll yeal'book.
(iii) PI.eVious
study
Maps,
etc.
1.epOl-tS.
(il′)Lal-dしISe I¶aP
(､′) All infornlation
Infomation
(3)
Thel･e
5.
is no
the Secul 1ty Conditions
oll
ln order to facilitate smooth
Tul･kmenistan
to:
shall undellake
and
the safety of the JICA
(b)
Permit
the members
ln
country
COnneCtion
alien reglStration
Exempt
Study
and
Team
equlpment,
machinery
and
for conduct)ng
the Study.
Exempt
the
imposed
on
members
of
implementation
Team
Study
Team
Secure
(g)
(h)
Secure
permission
Study
materials
medical
member
of the JICA
Team
and
therein,
and
exempt
duties
taxes,
and
materia一s brought
from
income
services
Study
from,
Private
Study
to the Study
relating
of Turkmenistan
resulting
into
entry
for the JICA
Provide
Government
leave
sojourn
as
needed･
in the
from
them
any
into and
tax
and
other
out
Team
of the country
charges
Japan
or
Properties
Team
out
to take
as
to
areas
the
with
well
in connection
restricted
will
as
with
for the
all data, documents
of the country
Its expenses
kind
of any
for remittance
from
on
charges
in connection
or allowances
with any emoluments
paid
JICA
Study
Team
for
in
the
their services
connection
S山dy.
the
of
conduct
necessary
to enter,
or
or
permission
of the Study.
of
fees.
consular
facilities to the JICA
Study
necessary
into the country
utilization of funds introduced
implementation
of the Study.
(f)
The
Study
from
other
the Government
Tearn.
Provide
(e)
the JICA
JICA
of the Study,
their asslgnment
with
requlrement
the JICA
AL-ea
execution
Study
of the JICA
l⊃l･Oject.
Turkmenistan
efficient
Secure
the
i一°.,
in the caplta】 clty OfAsl-gabat･
al一e且,
of
(a)
(d)
the Study
l'n
Government
the
of
to
the offices 1.elevant
secul･1ty pl･01〕】emin the study
Undertakings
(c)
at
availab一e
and
to Japan･
be chargeable
to
the
Team.
shall bear claims,
if any
in the
of
occu汀1ng
F-6
course
or
arises against
otherwise
member(s)
connected
of
to the
discharge of theil･ duties in implementation
or
gl･OSS neg一igence
wilfu一 misconduct
of the Study,
the paI･t OF the
on
MAWR
as
agency
shall act
coLHlterPart
body
in l･e】ation with othel･ governmental
coordinatlng
coIICel･ned for sn100th implementation
of the Study･
The
enable
Go＼′el･n】TlentOf Tし11･knlenistan
sn100th
execution
assul･ed
of the StしLdy by the JICA
tO
except
membel-(S)
the
and
that the
Study
such
when
JICA
of the JICA
Study
mattel-S
referred
TeLlnl･
Siglled:
Tit】ed:
On
behalf
of the GovernlTlent
Date:
F-7
Of Tul･kmenistan
Study
Team
non-goverI-nlental
arise fl･Om
claims
and
Teal¶･
also
as
organjsatjons
in this fonll Will
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Agriculture
Water
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Chart
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Resources
and
Water
Attachment･2
Chan
of
and
9-r-gき聖書鶴nal
o-f_t9ep招bn.iss!r3
of Turkmenistan
Resources
of Turkmenistan
Attachment
3
-
of Reference
ror
Terms
Feasibilit)′
Study
On
Establishment
Information
AgriculturaJ
of
Center
in
Ministry
1.
Agriculture
of
and
Turkmenistan,
agriculture
there
TuI･knle11istan
of
development
policy
an
and
schedule
and marketing
however,
it is difficu一t for them
country,
cil･CumStanCeS,
of MAWR･
the custody
In order
in MAWR,
formulate
to
the feasibility
by
conducted
of
is known
Japan
for provision
farmlng
cultivation,
to estab一ish an
to
useful
to
inforlTlation
to
on
an
establish
l･eSearCh
the
new
farming
a
establish
profitable
infoITnation
system
of the
in the
MAWR,
data and information･
center
under
agrlCultural information
these
Estab一ishment
(hereinafterrefen･ed
study
crops
as
water
and
livestock
technical
of Agricu一tural
Information
I.the Study.') urgently
as
Center
needs
to
be
most
and
Cooperation
advanced
information
use
and
in the agrlCu】tura】 information
countries
land tenure,
including
land use,
crop
supportlng
these
cooperation,
databases
including
development,
technology'market
agro-industria】
facilities, and
laws･
advanced
and prlCeS Of
supply
If the feasibility study is conducted
to
technologleS
Will be introduced
the Study･
through
Objectiyes
of the
one
research
and
the Japanese
Technical
Japanese
Practices,
policies,
under
Turkmenistan
to
very
to
less development
approach
Prqjectfor
of comprehensive
system
agrlCultural
the
to
and
government,
institutes and
and
to
the
are
data
specialists･
Justification
agrlCultural
intends
these
recognlZlng
for
program
for the universities
for fall¶erS･ Due
technology
agricultural
and wide-ranged
ample
These data and infol･mation
are
in the past･
accumulated
agrlCultul･al
3.
Resource
Rationale
ln
2.
Water
or
the
Study
information
agricultural
nation-wide
in Turkmenistan,
design of the buildings
and other trainlng
of the center
system
preliminary
the feasibility
facilities, estimate
of the pro)ect through
of the project cost and justification
The
objectivesof
the Study
are
to
formulate
study,
4.
Study
Ashgabat,
Area
the capltal of Turkmenistan･
F-10
a
5.
Scope
5.1
Detailed
Study
of
Scope
Study
of
to be
is recommended
project, a feasibility
study
pl･OPOSed
feasibi】ity study is to fol･mulate the estab一ishment plan of the
The
ulldertaken.
objectivesof the
tO
the MAWRIs
and
opel･ation in data ma-1agement
proJeCいVhich
wil) sel･Ve
Strengthen
folfLISter
by
faci一ities
inrrLIStl-uCtul･e
a-1〔l
r)rOpe1･乙In(1
reseLu･CI- utilization
providing
appropl･late
Befol･e
dissemillation
The
(a)
the
Pursuing
infol111乙1tioll
tO Val･ious end-usel.S.
of l･eJe＼′ant
study
will
the rollowlng
cover
Sul･Vey
On
activities:
(i)
past and
(ii)
statistic data pl■OCeSSing, and
Sul･Vey
On
Culて･ent
(ii)
agricu】tul･a】research
of the existing
and
present
information
】ocal research
and
(d)
Survey
on
cu汀ent
Situation of the linkage
(e)
Survey
on
present
telecommunication
(i)
national
(ii)
MAWR-s
-
-
telecommunication
(g)
Preparation
of basic plan
improvement
(ii)
facilities and equipment
Preliminary
design
(i)
Preparation
of operation
O)
Cost
(k)
Prqject
(1)
Preparation
offacilities
and
system
information
including:
stnlCtureS,
plan, if necessary･
and
equlpment
maintenance
and implementation
JuStification
agrlCu]tural
plan, and
establishment
(h)
estimate
the present
plan of organizationa】
offices, and
institutions.
of agr】cu]tural information
(i)
(iii) stage-wise
on
including:
reglOnal/provincial
research
of the constraints
including:
system
offices and
and research･
extension
and
interna一 communication
MAWR-s
offices,
universities,
institutions･
statistical
between
system,
central office and
Identification
and
system
MAWRTs
(f)
system,
activities.
MAWR's
intemational
and
colleges,
infomation
and
activities, and
linkagewith
the
on
stations,
management
research
stations inc一uding:
research
research
results monitoring
research
Survey
including:
re一ease system･
Of existlng
inventory
(iv)
(c)
Status
(i)
(iii) past
system
pI-eSent Statistic activities,
(iii) statistica一infolⅦation
(b)
information
agl･1Cultul-al statistic nlanagement-alld
･
of feasibi一ity report･
F-ll
plan･
plan
Of proposed
system･
for the proposed
system･
system.
5.2
Transrer
Throu望hout
【o
provided
Techr10logy
of
the
course
Field
tl･anSfer
by fol･elgn experts
countel-Pal-t eXPells
(i)
Study,
the
of
survey
and
of technology
followlng
fie一ds:
the
]'n
for
investigation
and
]ines
evel-y
training
W川be
fol-eign
expel tS
of
asslgtled.
Plan
(ii)
design
and
(iii) Estab]ishment
rol一bしtildings and
facilities･
othel-train=-g
of iLlfol11m[ion syLqen1･.
ProjectjustificatioTI
PrOCedure･
(iv)
wil] be carried out in the folll1 0f on-the-jobtl'ainlng
above transfer oftechno)ogy
In addition to the above
tl･anSfel･ Of technology,
and seminaI･ dul･ing the course
of the Study･
in
Japan･
overseas
trainlngwill
also be programmed
preferably
The
5.3
Study
Schedule
The
period
The
fol]owlng
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
The
5.4
for the Study
required
forelgn
Team
eXPertSwill
is estimated
at 9 months
be required
for the Study:
as
in Figure
shown
l･
Leader
Infomation
Soil and
Technology
Use
Land
Expell
Expell
Agronomist
Agro-economist
Institutional
System
Expert
Engineer
Design/Cost
required
Estimate
manpower
lnput
Engineer
is estimated
to
be 45 man-months
in total･
Reports
The
results of field survey
be submitted
to the Government
wi】.】
Incept10n
Report
Progress
Report
Draft Final
Final Report
Report
and
will be compiled
study
in the following
reports
Which
of Turkmenistan.
month
within one
Turkmenistan.
after start of the Field
at
the end
of the Field Work
at
the end
of the Home
within
MAWR
F-12
one
on
month
the Draft
in
in Turkmenistan,
Work
after
Work
in Japan･
gettlng
Final Report･
COmmentS
from
Studyltem
Month
8
1;2■314弓51617
PrepLl1■LltO1■yWoL-kinJapan
FieldWorkinTul.kmenistan
HolTーeWorkinJapan
-P1.ePa1-ationofDraftFinalRepo1.t
-Prepa1■ationofFinalRepo1.t
9
三二iLl
H
.._.一▲.｣.nj.nu_:土:L.▲=】こ】｣】▲..こ...】..JJ.;A丘こ.てこ=L__こ.L▲一=ー
ll
書!L
Repo1.ti1ーg
I
】
Note:
R■D
FR
ll
I
･fRHp
:
Wol･k
in Turkmenistan
≠‥
:
Wol.k
in Japan
ICR
InceptlOn
PR
Progress
DFR
Draft
Fina一 Report
FR
Final
RepoI.t
F R
Report
Report
Figure二
Tentative
Work
Schedule
添付資料
1.調査団調査行程表
2.面談者リスト
3.現地調査写真集
4.調査団長略歴
漆付資料1
調査団調査行程表
E]腰 年/月/日 曜日
作業内容
宿泊地
1
6月8日
火
移動(成田-アルマテイ)
アルマテイ
2
6月9日
水
大使館およびアルマティ市長表敬
収穫後処理施設および流通に関する資料収集
アルマテイ
3
6月10日
木
現地調査および追加資料収集
シムケント
備考
KEOO2-OZ5775
(15:55-01:40+1)
空路
シムケントに移動
4
6月11日
金
5
6月12日
コクサライ.ダム地点踏査
シムケント
土
シムケント設計院および州水資源部にて資料収集
アルマテイ
空路
アスタナ
空路
6
6月13日
目
アルマティに移動
アスタナに移動
7
6月14日
月
農業大臣､水資源委員会表敬､稲垣と面談
アスタナ
火
現地調査
現地調査
アルマテイ
アルマテイ
8
6月15日
空路
9
6月16日
水
アルマティに移動
資料収集
10
6月17日
木
アルマティ周辺農家調査
アルマテイ
也
6月18日
金
アルマティ市内市場粛査
資料収集
アルマテイ
12
6月19日
土
収集資料整理
アルマテイ
EE]
6月20日
日
収集資料整理
アルマテイ
14
6月21日
月
日本大使館館に調査結果の報告
15
6月22日
火
6月23日
水
タシケントに移動
日本大使館､JⅠCA幸宏所表敬
農業省表敬
資料収集
17
6月24日
木
フエルガナに移動
現場調査
フエルガナ
空路
18
6月25日
金
タシケント
空路
19
6月26日
土
現場調査
タシケントに移動
収集資料整理
20
6月27日
日
収集資料整理
タシケント
21
6月28日
月
農業省､日本大使館およびJⅠCAに調査結果報告
タシケント
22
6月Z9日
火
追加資料収集
タシケント
23
6月30日
水
調査結果の纏め
タシケント
24
7月1日
木
アシェガバードに移動
アシユガバード
アシユガバード
EEJ
アルマテイ
タシケント
UzubekistanAir
(7:05-10:50)
タシケント
タシケント
tJzubekistanAir
(7:00-9:00)
25
7月2日
金
農業省に表敬､関連資料収集
関連資料収集
26
7月3日
土
設計院表敬
調査結果の纏め
アシェガバード
27
7月4日
日
モスクワに移動
モスクワ
28
7月5日
月
帰国
29
7月6日
火
T5702
(7:40-10:45)
SU575
(19:05-9:40+l)
日本
漆-1
1
添付資料-2
面談者リスト
1.カザフスタン国
日本大使館
館山
彰氏
参事官
渡辺女史
農業省
Mr.
書記官
Karibjanov
仙. Sarsem
Bekov
Mr. ShotaJIOV
稲垣
アルマティ市
Mr. Bukenov
設計院
h4r. Dmitriev
南カザフスタン州
Mr.
JICA専門家
副市長
委員長
Hamitjan
h4r. Almaz
水資源委員会委員長
pIU局長
富-氏
戦略計画改革庁
副首相/農業省大臣
Pu]atov､
JtlnuSOV
南カザフスタン州水資源委員会委員長
シムケント設計院委員長
2.ウズベキスタン国
日本大使館
吉尾氏
書記官
JICA事務所
田辺氏
副所長
相原氏
ProjectFormlllation
h4r. Zhalalov
農業･水管理省次官
Mr. Azimov
農業省水路維持管理局長
Mr.
水路改修局長
農業･水管理省
Mirkhodjiev
Adviser
科学生産委員会
Dr. Ibamob
委員長
フエルガナ州
Mr.
Azamjon
州水路維持管理局長
Mr.
Mahamadjon
州農業･維持管理局次長
Mr,KiⅡl
州設計院技師長
Mr. Peter Reddish
TACISチーム･リーダー
h4r. Rafael
ADIヨタシケント事務所所長
Mr. Babaev
農業省次官/農業大学学長
Mr. Yakshimuradov
対外関係局長
Mr. Krohmal
設計院副委員長
3,トルクメニスタン国
農業･水資源省
設計院
漆-2
アルマティ州農産物生産基盤・流通システム整備計画
アルマティ市場内部
卸売りと小売りが混在
路上市場
アルマティ市内にある保冷倉庫の事務所
保冷倉庫外観
保冷倉庫内部
添-3-1
新首都近郊農業・農村開発計画
アスタナ市より12km南東にあるキュケンジヤール国営農場住宅
キュケンジャール国営農場風景
アスタナ市より50km南東にあるカイサル民営農場内に世銀ローン
によって設置されたピボット・マシン
添−3−2
コクサライ・ダム潅漑農業・環境改善計画
最上流案でのダム地点
最上流案での水没地域
最下流案でのダム地点
添-3−3
フェルガナ州排水改良・貧困地域農業振興計画
フェルガナ州内での住宅の密集状況
地下水排除用ポンプ
地下水の上昇により発芽率50％以下の綿畑
地下水上昇により倒壊した住宅
添-3-4
トルクメニスタン農業大学農業訓練センター設立計画 古ジ盲二二頭蓋斎面
トルクメニスタン農業大学農場建物全景
予算不足により殆ど使用されていない農場
農場内灌漑用ポンプ場
添-3-5
調査Fl長略歴
富田 俊宏
略
添付資料-4
歴
昭和15年7月19日生
東京教育大学農学部農業工学科卒業
昭和40年3月
昭和40年4月
日本公営株式会社(農業部)入社
昭和46年1月
計画部
昭和51年1月
カトマンズ事務所
昭和52年10月
計画部
昭和53年11月
農業水利部
昭和58年4月
第一農業水利部
昭和60年3月
昭和63年10月
コメリン開発事務所 所長
第一農業水利部
部長代理
平成2年10月
第一農業水利部 課長
平成3年2月
農業水利部
部長
平成6年7月
第三事業部
次長
平成7年7月
国際事業部
平成10年4月
技術本部
平成11年4月
国際車葉木部部
課長
部付
技師長
技師長
主な海外実務実積
案件名
対象国
従事期間
ファンラン潅栽拡弓長計画
ベトナム
昭和41年3月
テェツプニュツト農業開発
ベトナム
昭和46年8月
東メスケネ潅淑計画
シリア
昭和49年9月
ナラヤニ潅漉計画
ネパール
昭和51年1月
インドネシア昭和54年9月コメリン川上流域水資源開発計画
バサック河上充域中規模潅漉開発割タイ
昭和57年7月ナラヤニ潅栽拡張計画
ネパール
コメリン川上詫域渡瀬開発計画
ビルガンジ地下水潅瀬開発計画
ネパール
昭和58年1月-
インドネシア昭和60年3月
平成4年12月-
担当業務
- 昭和43年3月施設設計
- 昭和48年5月潅灘排水計画
- 昭和50年1 2)渡瀬排水計画
昭和54年6月所長
-
昭和57年3月副総括
昭和57年1 2J潅漉排水計画
昭和59年6月所長
- 平成2年9月
平成5年9月
所長
総括
コ｣･ゾホ●ァ-)L平成5年8月 - 平成6年1月 副総括
クチュクメンデレス川流域潅漉開発吾トルコ
平成7年2月
- 平成8年3月 副総括
クジル･オルダ地区潅栽開発計画
カザフスタン平成8年8月
一平成10年3月総括
ヌジ川流域農村総合開発計画
黄河三角州農業総合開発事業
中国
平成10年12J一平成11年3月絵括
漆-4

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