tRNA
DNA
10
tRNA
Kluyveromyces lactis
Pichia acaciae
zymocin
PaT
tRNAGlumcm5s2UUC, tRNALysmcm5s2UUU, tRNAGlnmcm5s2UUG (mcm5s2U:
Zymocin
5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine)
34
35
1
2
G1
tRNAGlnmcm5s2UUG
PaT
34-35
32-33
S
E5
tRNA
E5
tRNAAsp
zymocin
tRNATyr, tRNAHis, tRNAAsn,
34-35
tRNAArg
4
D
D
3!
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
E5
D
tRNA
tRNA
EF-Tu
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
tRNA
A
ATP
de novo
800
5
35
mRNA
1
ER
Tam41
CDP-DAG
2
ERMES
ERMES
Mdm10
X
Mdm10
Mdm10
ERMES
1. T. Izawa, T. Tsuboi, K. Kuroha, T. Inada, S. Nishikawa, T. Endo (2012) Cell Reports 2, 447-453.
2. Y. Tamura, Y. Harada, S. Nishikawa, K. Yamano, M. Kamiya, T. Shiota, T. Kuroda, O. Kuge, H.
Sesaki, J. Imai, K. Tomii, T. Endo (2013) Cell Metab. 17, 709-718.
22
V/V
Rim15
7
11
K7
K11
K11
K11
K7
K11
DNA
K7
K7
K7
K11
10
Loss of Heterozygosity LOH
CYR1
A/G
K11
2066
A/A
K11
K7
CYR1-2066A
LOH
CYR1
CYR1-2066G
CYR1-2066G
K7
CYR1-2066A/A
K7
K11
CYR1-2066A/G
3
80%
No.
28
K901
TCA
Pyruvate carboxylase (PYC)
NADH
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH)
PYC
MDH
NADH/NAD+
NADH
YPD
DNA
Saccharomyces pastorianus
Lg-FLO1
(1-3)
Lg-FLO1
(4, 5)
(1) Kobayashi, O. et al. J. Bacteriol. 180, 6503 (1998).
(2) Sato, M. et al. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 93, 395 (2002).
(3) Ogata, T. et al. J. Appl. Microbiol. 105, 1186 (2008).
(4) Ogata, T. Yeast 29, 487 (2012)
(5) Ogata, T. J. Inst. Brew. (in press)
G
1990
3!-UTR
A
mRNA
GFP
TPS1
CYC1t
TPS1t
1
2
PGK1t
2
PGK1t
TPS1t
5,302
PGK1t
90%
2
5
DIT1t
3
1) Yamanishi et al.: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 75, 2234-2236. (2011)
2) Yamanishi et al.: ACS Synth Biol 2, 337-347(2013)
3) Ito et al.: J. Biotechnol. in press