The Light and Shadow of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
The Light and Shadow of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
第４次産業革命の光と影
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which creates new value and industry through
interconnections between physical system and digital data, is reshaping the economic,
social andcultural context inwhich we live. Wecouldexpectdazzling results,possibly
beingassociatedwithrisksofcriticalpredicament.
In the world where people, goods, information and money can freely travel back and
forth,wehavetoestablishandorderlysystembaseduponinternationalcommonrules
andregulations.However,inthecontextofwideninggapofhavesandhave‐notsaswell
as continued declining status of middle class people, anti‐globalism, nationalism and
unilateralism are emerging, and credence to our common values such as liberalism,
democracyandmarketeconomyisweakening.
Underthecircumstancestechnicalinnovationisprogressingatdizzyingspeed,industry,
government and academia across the globeshouldcooperatively andsincerelyexplore
necessary action programs in order to realize stable, sustainable and inclusive
developmentofoursociety.
モノとデジタル情報が相互に接続されて新しい価値や産業を生み出す「第 4 次産業革命」
の進行は、我々が暮らしている経済的、社会的、文化的な背景を全く異なった形に変化
させていく。素晴らしい成果が期待出来る半面、予想もしなかった危機的状況が出現す
るリスクもある。
人、モノ、情報、資金が国境を越えて飛び交う世界では、国際的共通規則に基づく秩序
の形成が不可欠だが、格差の拡大や中間層の没落を背景に、反グローバル主義やナショ
ナリズム、一国主義が台頭し、自由と民主主義、市場経済など共通の価値観への信頼が
揺らいでいる。
技術革新が急速に進行する中で、我々の社会が安定的、持続的、包摂的な発展を実現す
る為には、どのような取組みを推進すべきか、世界の産官学界が一体となり、真摯に検
討を行なっていく必要がある。
Shinichi KOIZUMI
小泉愼一
Senior Advisor (Former Executive Vice President), Toray Industries, Inc.
東レ株式会社顧問
He is a corporate executive. As senior advisor of Toray
Industries, Inc., he serves for the Chairman of KEIDANREN,
providing ideas and directions for resolution on domestic and
internationalissues.Healsoservesasoutsidedirectorforboth
Japan Bank for International Cooperation and Obayashi
Corporation.Beforebeingappointedtohispresentpositions,he
servedasExecutiveVicePresidentandRepresentativeMember
of the Board of Toray (2008‐2013). He graduated from Keio
University with a degree in economics, entered Toray in 1971.
KoizumilivesinTokyowithwifeIkukoandtwochildren.
東京都出身。昭和 46 年 3 月慶應義塾大学経済学部卒業、同 4 月東レ株式会社入社。
平成 16 年 6 月東レ株式会社取締役、平成 18 年 6 月常務取締役、平成 19 年 6 月専務
取締役、平成 20 年 6 月代表取締役副社長、平成 25 年 6 月相談役、株式会社東レ経営
研究所取締役会長を経て、平成 27 年 6 月東レ株式会社顧問。株式会社大林組取締役、
株式会社国際協力銀行取締役も務める。
1
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
Managing and Governing Innovation: The Case of Moore’s Law
和文タイトル
Thelandscapeofresearchandinnovationhasexperiencedsignificantchangessincethe
early1980s.Oneofthesechangeshasbeentheappearanceofnewformsofinnovation
governancesuchasMoore’sLawandthetechnologyroadmapsforsemiconductors.How
didtheseformsofgovernanceemerge?Whatsocialandeconomicforcespresidedover
theirappearance?ThispapershowsthatMoore’sLaw,thestatementthatthenumberof
transistors per microchip doubles every two years, emerged as a multipurpose tool in
Silicon Valley in the first half of the 1960s. It was a technology of comprehension and
persuasion;it was amarketing and promotiontool; it wasa competitive device;and it
wasacontrivanceusedtoallocateengineeringresourcesandguidethedevelopmentof
new semiconductor technologies at the firm level. From the mid‐1980s to the early
1990s, this multipurpose instrument became the centerpiece of a new governance
structureinthemicroelectronicsindustry:thetechnologyroadmapsforsemiconductors.
InresponsetofiercecompetitionfromJapan,UScorporationsusedMoore’sLawtoguide,
planandcoordinatethedevelopmentofdevice,process,anddesigntechnologiesacross
thewholeindustry.Thereby,theyacceleratedtheminiaturizationofmicrochipsandthe
digitalizationofmanyindustrialsectors.Inthe1990sand2000s,otherindustriessuch
as nanotechnology, biotechnology and photovoltaic cells adopted similar modes of
innovationgovernance.
和文要旨…
Christophe LÉCUYER
クリストフ・レキュイエ
Professor of the history of S&T at Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Senior
research fellow at the Charles Babbage Institute at the Univ. of Minnesota
和文所属役職
ChristopheLÉCUYERisprofessorofthehistoryofscienceand
technology at Université Pierre et Marie Curie and senior
research fellow at the Charles Babbage Institute at the
UniversityofMinnesota.HetaughtatMIT,StanfordUniversity,
theUniversityofVirginia,andtheNationalGraduateResearch
Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS). He also held senior
research appointments at Collegium de Lyon and the Institute
for Advanced Studies at Central European University. He is
knownforhisresearchonSiliconValleyandthehistoryofhigh
technologies. He is the author of Making Silicon Valley:
InnovationandtheGrowthofHighTech,1930‐1970(MITPress,
2006)andtheco‐authorofMakersoftheMicrochip:ADocumentaryHistoryofFairchild
Semiconductor (MIT Press, 2010). He is a graduate of the Ecole Normale Supérieure
(Ulm)andreceivedhisPh.D.fromStanfordUniversity.
和文略歴…
2
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
Organizational Innovation rather than Technological Innovation
at the heart of the model of the Japanese firm
和文タイトル
Fortyyearsago,understandingtherootsoftheproductiveperformanceoftheJapanese
manufacturingfirms,betterthantheirUSandEuropeancounterparts,wasattheheartof
the research agenda of economists and management specialists. The major conclusion
has been that this superiority of the Japanese firm was organizational rather than
technological and the concept of “toyotism” has been introduced to capture this
characteristicinemphasizingtheimportanceofthecorporateinvestmentintoworkers’
trainingandtheirassociatedcommitment.
In this presentation, we argue that many Japanese firmshave forgotten this result and
haveengagedthemselvesinbothatechnologicalraceandaracetothebottominterms
of human resources management in a context of globalization. What we propose is to
revisit the “classical” model of the Japanese firm and to analyze the conditions to
generalizeitinnewglobalandtechnologicalcontexts.
和文要旨…
Sébastien LECHEVALIER セバスチャン・ルシュヴァリエ
Professor at the EHESS, President of Fondation France Japon de l’EHESS
フランス国立社会科学高等研究院（EHESS）教授、EHESS 日仏財団理事長
SébastienLECHEVALIERisProfessorattheEHESS,Presidentof
FondationFranceJapondel’EHESS,anddirectoroftheFrench
networkofAsianStudiescoordinatedbytheCNRS(GIS‐Reseau
Asie). Specialist of the Japanese economy, he is the author of
severalbooksandarticles,includingTheGreatTransformation
of Japanese Capitalism (Routledge, 2014; Japanese version
published from Iwanami Shoten in 2015 as「日本資本主義の
大転換」) and “Diversity in patterns of industry evolution:
how an “ intrapreneurial ” regime contributed to the
emergence of the service robot industry in Japan” Research
policy (2014, 43 (10)). His research interests include non‐
technologicalsourcesofproductivity,corporatediversityandinstitutionalchange.
和文略歴…
3
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
Co-evolution of medical technics and of organisationnel, social
and economic innovations
和文タイトル
It is important to abandon a static approach in terms of balance in favor of an
evolutionary and institutionalist approach that takes into account the socially
constructed and historically determined characteristics of the disease, knowledge and
medical techniques that evolve with research funding settings and organization of the
care.Historicalperspectivesuggeststhathealth,togetherwitheducation,isdrawingan
original mode of development, that can be qualified as anthropogenetic. Across the
twenty‐first century, this approche may be essential element of understanding both in
the case of the old industrial societies and of those who are in the course of the
development.
和文要旨…
Robert BOYER ロベール・ボワイエ
Former Director at the CNRS, and former Director at the EHESS
フランス国立科学研究センター（CNRS）、社会科学高等研究院（EHESS）
Robert BOYER is an Economist, former Director at the French
National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and former
Director at the École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales
(EHESS‐Paris). He is currently Research Associate at the
Institut des Amériques in Paris. He co‐developed the
Régulationtheoryinthe1970s.HealsoisHonoraryFellowof
the Society for the Advancement of Social Economics. At
desiguALdades.net he was a Fellow in Research Dimension I:
Socio‐economicInequalitiesandResearchDimensionII:Socio‐politicalInequalities.For
moreinformation,seerobertboyer.org.
和文略歴…
4
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
Consortium-Based Open Innovation: Exploring a Unique and
Optimal Model for Japan and Stem Cell Technology
コンソーシアムに基づくオープンイノベーション：日本と幹細胞技術のための
独自最適モデルの探索
We investigates attempts in Japan to improve its weak innovation and entrepreneurship
environment, limiting the number of successful biotechnology start‐ups, proposing a
consortium‐based approach across the university, industry and public sectors. First, we
reviewed the situation of pre‐IPO drug discovery firms in Japan from the perspective of
intellectual property and human resources. As a result, we found that the joint venture
approachhasshownasuperiorityinthenumberofgrantedpatentstootherformsincluding
in‐licensing and university‐spinout. We also found that individuals who came from a
pharmaceuticalfirmorafinancialinstitutecontributestoearlyR&Dinadifferentwayeach
other.Next,basedontheunderstandingweexploredthecasesofformingopeninnovation
projectsandpointedoutthatthekeytosuccessineffectivelyestablishinghigh‐techstart‐ups.
It included the project‐wide commitment to its development, implications of the regional
innovation system and the significance of the inter‐sectorial collaborations. The present
study supports the effectiveness of consortium‐based approach as a potential solution to
address this paradox by practicing the commercialisation of nano‐biotechnology from an
emergingindustryclusterintheTokyometropolitanarea
バイオテクノロジー分野における我が国のイノベーション及びアントレプレナーシップの環
境が海外の先進事例に比して脆弱と言われ久しい。この問題に対処すべく、我々は産学公の
各セクターを横断したコンソーシアム形式のアプローチの意義と効用を模索している。その
ために我々はまず、株式公開前の創薬バイオテック企業について、知財と人材の見地から観
察を行った。その結果、ジョイントベンチャー（JV）形式の企業は特許取得において優位性
を確立していること、及び、製薬企業や金融機関を出自とする経営者では各々異なる様式の
経営への貢献を果たしていること等が見出された。次に我々は、これらの理解に則り、オー
プンイノベーションを志向するプロジェクト事例を精査し、ハイテク・スタートアップ企業
の設立における要点を抽出した。結果、その一つはプロジェクトの総意としてのコミットメ
ントであり、地域イノベーションやセクター横断的なコラボレーションへの含意が得られた。
本研究は、冒頭で述べたパラドックスに対して、コンソーシアム方式のアプローチの有効性
を支持するものであり、また、首都圏におけるナノ・バイオテクノロジーの事業化事例にお
いてその実証を試みるものである。
Shintaro Sengoku
仙石慎太郎
Associate Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology 東京工業大学准教授
Shintaro SENGOKU earned his PhD in science at the University of
Tokyo in 2001. He has professional experience in advisory services
at McKinsey&Company (2001‐05); Fast Track Initiative, Inc. (a
venturecapitalfocusingonbiotechnologyandhealthcareindustries,
2005‐07); and research and education experience in the field of
managementoftechnologyattheUniversityofTokyo(2005‐07)and
International Collaborative Center, Kyoto University (2008‐09) and
theInstituteforIntegratedCell‐MaterialSciences(WPI‐iCeMS,2009‐
14).HeiscurrentlyamemberofDepartmentofInnovationScience
and Department of Technology and Innovation Management of
School of Environment and Society; appointed to Advanced
Computational Drug Discovery Unit (ACDD) of Institute for Innovative Research. His
research and education covers the management of technology, innovation science, and the
theoryorbio‐healthcareindustries.
2001 年東京大学大学院理学系研究科生物化学専攻修了、博士（理学）。マッキンゼー・アン
ド・カンパニー（2001‐05）、(株)ファストトラック・イニシアティブ（バイオ・ヘルスケア
業界に特化した独立系 VC, 2005‐07）、京都大学産官学連携センター（2008‐09）、京都大学
物質―細胞統合システム拠点（WPI‐iCeMS,2009‐14）を経て、2014 年 9 月より現職。東京工
業大学環境・社会理工学院イノベーション科学系及び科学技術創成研究院スマート創薬研究
ユニット（ACDD）に所属。専門は技術経営学、イノベーション科学、バイオ・ヘルスケア
分野の産業論。
5
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
From integration to reformulation? The crisis of innovation in the
drug industry and the alternative modernization of Ayurveda
和文タイトル
This paper addresses the “alternative modernization” of ayurvedic medicine in the global
context.ItfirstrecallshowIndiantraditionalmedicineenteredinternationalpublichealthin
the 1970s and how the interplay between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
nationalinfrastructureofprofessionalizedAyurvedaresultedinadynamicsofjuxtaposition
ratherthanunificationbetweenmedicalsystems.Thismodeof“integration”conflictedwith
another agenda actively promoted by China and based on the validation of traditional
medicinethroughbiomedicine.Inthe1990s,thelatteragendawonincreasingrecognitionat
theWHO,limitingtheinfluenceoftheIndianmodelofjuxtaposition.
This situation has been radically altered since 2000 as an effect of the rapid growth of
Ayurvedic firms and their insertion in the world of “global health”. Indian companies are
now reformulating traditional medical knowledge to produce industrial, standardized and
simplified polyherbal remedies targeting biomedically defined disorders, first of all these
complex chronic disorders global health now places high on its agenda. The return of
Ayurvedic medicine on the global scene is thus placed under the label of pharmaceutical
innovation, industrial development and linked to the search for new norms of intellectual
property and new standards for the collection, production, evaluation and registration of
herbalremedies.
Thepaperarguesthatthisregimeofreformulationshouldnotbeseenasamereintegration
toglobalbiocapitalbutrevealsaformofalternativemodernity,whichechoforgottenpaths
inthetrajectoryofEuropeanpharmacy.Itwillbearguedthatreformulationpracticesmay
be viewed as alternative because they challenge the proprietary order of contemporary
pharmacy but also because they built on non‐biomedical forms of knowledge i.e. herbal
preparations are not purified molecular entities but complex mixtures understood as
responsestothe“innovationcrisis”inthedrugsector.
和文要旨…
Jean-Paul GAUDILLIERE
ジャン・ポール・ゴディリエ
Senior Researcher at the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale, Director of the CERMES3
所属役職
Jean‐Paul GAUDILLIERE is a senior researcher at the Institut
National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and director of
theCenterforScience,Medicine,HealthandSociety(CERMES3)in
Paris.Hisresearchinthehistoryofthelifesciencesandmedicine
during the twentieth century. He is the author of Inventer la
biomédecine. La France, l’Amérique et la production des savoirs
du vivant (1945–1965) (La Découverte, 2002). His récent work
focusesonthehistoryofpharmaceuticalinnovationandtheuses
of drugs on the one hand, the dynamics of health globalization after World War II on the
otherhand.Amongstothers,hehasco‐edited,withVolkerHess,WaysofRegulatingDrugsin
the 19th and 20th centuries, Basinkstokes, Routledge‐Palgrave ; with U. Thoms, The
Development of Scientific Marketing in the 20th Century: Research for Sales in the
Pharmaceutical Industry, New York, Pickering & Chatto, 2015, with L. Pordie, Industrial
Ayurveda.DrugDiscovery,ReformulationandtheMarket,AsianMedicine,vol.9,2014‐15.
和文略歴…
6
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovaationBeyond
dTechnique’2016
Session
n1.InnovatioonanditsMod
dalities
The Fluctuattion of Globalism
G
m and the
e Role off Enterprrises
グロー
ーバリズム
ムの揺らぎと
と企業の役
役割
The n
norms of Globalism
G
which
w
conssist of Dem
mocracy, Market funddamentalism
m, and
SciencceandTech
hnologyare fluctuatingg.
Thegovernmenttsandenterrprisesinth
hedevelopedcountrie
esmustbe attheposittionto
3normsare
ewellfuncttionaltosolvetheprob
blemsofhuumankindssuchas
show thatthese3
quality and
d poverty erradication. Based
globall environment protecttion, reducttion of ineq
on a long expeerience of working in
n the priv
vate compa
any, a new
w contrivan
nce of
uction of aa new bussiness mod
del to tackkle the issu
ues of
markeetization and introdu
humankindisexxamined.In addition,h
howthepro
ogressofSccienceandT
Technology
ycould
medatcopin
ngwithsuchissuesisaalsodiscusssed.(TBD)
beaim
民主主
主義、市場主
主義、科学技
技術というグ
グローバリズムの規範は揺らいで
でいる。
先進国
国の政府や企
企業は地球環
環境保護、格差の縮小
小や貧困の撲
撲滅といった
た人類的な課
課題に
対して
てこれら３つ
つの規範が有
有効に機能
能していると
ところを見せ
せなければい
いけない立場
場にあ
るので
ではないか。人類的な課
課題に対し
しビジネスモ
モデルの導入
入や市場化す
する工夫はあるの
か、ま
また科学技術
術の進歩をこうした人
人類的課題に
に挑戦させる
るためにはど
どうしたらよいの
か、を
を民間企業に
に在籍した立
立場で感じた
たことを述べ
べる。
Tomohiko FU
UJIYAMA
A 藤山知彦
彦
Princ
cipal Fello
ow, Center
r for Resea
arch and Developm
D
ent Strate
egy, JST
科学技
技術振興機構
構（JST）研
研究開発戦略
略センター上席フェロ
ロー
To
omohikoFU
UJIYAMAgraaduatedfro
omTokyoU
Universityin
n1975,
joiined Mitsub
bishi Corporation. Ge
eneral Mannager, Mitssubishi
(Thailand) ccorp in 1993,
1
Deputy Chief Represen
ntative,
eniorViceP
Presidentin
n2008,
Miitsubishi(C hina)corpin2002,Se
Co
orporate A
Advisor in
n 2013, Center
C
forr Research
h and
De
evelopmentt Strategy,, JST (Ap
pril2016‐Prresent). Visiting
V
ressearcher,PoolicyAltern
nativesRese
earchInstittute.
975 年東京
京大学経済学部卒業。三菱商事
事株式会社調
調査部
19
入社。1993 年泰国三
三菱商事(株))業務部長（在バンコク
ク）、
2002 年三菱商事
事株式会社
社中国副総代
代表（在北
北京）、2008 年執行役
役員、2013
3 年常
勤顧問
問を経て、2
2016 年 4 月より現職
月
職。
東京大
大学政策ビジ
ジョン研究
究センター客
客員研究員。
。
7
(ProvisionallAbstracts&
&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
What do you need beyond technology transfer to support
innovative entrepreneurs
和文タイトル
Innovative entrepreneurs can make a substantial difference to a nation’s economic
developmentiftheyareabletointroducebreakthroughinnovations.Fromtheanalysis
ofinnovationchains,weknowthataneconomyneedsanupstreaminnovationsystemin
ordertobeabletoinitiateentrepreneurialactivitiesonabroaderbasisresultinginnew
innovativefirms.However,itisnotsufficienttoonlybuildpubliclyorprivatelyfinanced
research institutions ensuring that there is technology transfer. On the one hand, the
developmentofnewideasandinnovativeactivitiesinnewfirmsrequirestheexchange
and interaction of all players in such an innovation chain beyond those acting in large
firms and a society being open to experimentation and to entrepreneurial activities.
Furtheringredientsaresocialstructuresandsoftfactorsthatsupportinnovativeactions
in such an interdependent system. On the other hand, spillovers of new ideas to
innovative products coming along with the venturing of new businesses need a
regulatory environment that is conducive to the entry of innovative firms into the
market.Iftheseingredientsforinnovativeactionsaremixedintherightway,thelong‐
term commitment to research and innovation will pay off with growth also by new
innovativefirms.
和文要旨…
Alexander S. KRITIKOS アレキサンダー・クリティコス
Research Director at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW)
Berlin, Professor of Economics at the University of Potsdam
所属役職
Alexander KRITIKOS is Research Director at the German
Institute for Economic Research Berlin, Professor for
Economics at Potsdam University and Research Fellow at IZA,
Bonn.Bornin1965,hestudiedeconomicsandpoliticalsciences
at the University of Munich where he received his diploma.
After a scholarship at the 'post‐graduate program for Applied
Microeconomics'oftheFreeUniversityofBerlinhereceivedhis
doctoral degree in Economics at the Humboldt‐University of
Berlin in 1996 and his Habilitation in Economics at the
European‐University Viadrina in 2003. His research interests
are Entrepreneurship Research and Innovation, Experimental
andBehavioralEconomics.
和文略歴…
8
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session1.InnovationanditsModalities
Patent, Intellectual Property, and Appropriability as an Element
of Corporate Strategies
企業戦略としての特許、知的財産権、専有可能性
Patentsareone of intellectual properties (IPs)and IP isoneof themethodto improve
appropriability,sofirmsshouldnotignoretherolesoflead‐time(first‐moveradvantage),
capture of complementary assets (such as exclusive relationships with suppliers or
distributors) ,and secrecy (trade secret) as other types of appropriability. It is
questionablewhetherornotnetbenefitsofstrongpatentsystemoninnovationcanbe
positive for society as well as individual corporations. If a firm spends many years to
commercialize the invention, its patent term would be ready for being expired and
critical technology would be available for competitors. Therefore, patenting is not a
panacea for a firm to keep innovative competitiveness. Firms should use various
strategies such as secrecy for protecting core technology, patents for standardizing
interfacetechnology,andanopenstrategytoallowotherfirmstoexpandrelatedgoods
market and thus to generate demands for the core technology. In addition, because
motivation for creative employees is important for innovative firms, the recent policy
changeofwork‐forhireisalsodiscussed.
特許は知的財産権の 1 つであり、知的財産権は知的活動の成果を回収する専有可能性を
向上させる手段の 1 つに過ぎない。先行者利益、補完的資産の確保、秘匿（営業秘密）
という戦略も軽視すべきでない。特許が社会にとってイノベーション促進の純効果を持
つか否かは疑問だが、各企業にとっても特許はイノベーション能力のための万能薬とは
限らない。特許は重要技術を公開するので、製品化するころには特許失効が迫っている
ことが起こりうる。重要な技術は営業秘密として守り、関連技術とのインターフェイス
の部分では標準を握るため特許を活用し、さらに周辺部はオープンにして自社のコア技
術を他社に利用してもらいマーケットを拡大するという知財戦略の使い分けが必要であ
る。また、最近の日本における職務発明の規定改訂と企業の戦略についても考察する。
Yukio MIYATA 宮田由紀夫
Professor, School of International Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University
関西学院大学国際学部教授
Born in Tokyo in 1960, Prof. MIYATA obtained B.A. in
Economics from Osaka University in1983, B.S. in Ceramic
Engineering from University of Washington (Seattle) in 1987,
and MS in Engineering and Policy in 1989 and Ph.D. in
Economics in 1994 both from Washington University (St.
Louis). Before working at the current position, he was a
professorofeconomicsatOsakaPrefectureUniversity.Heisa
chiefeditorofAnnalsoftheSocietyofIndustrialStudies,Japan.
1960 年東京生まれ、1983 年大阪大学経済学部卒業、1987 年
University of Washington （ Seattle ）工学部材料工学科卒業、 1987 年 Washington
University（St. Lousi）大学院工学政策研究科修了（工学修士）、1989 年同経済学研究科
修了（経済学 Ph.D.）、大阪府立大学経済学部教授などを経て現職。
9
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Science, Innovation and Policy for Sustainable Welfare Society
持続可能な福祉社会のための科学・イノベーション・政策
When we compare the cost‐effectiveness of health care in the advanced countries or
whenwelookatthegrowinginequalitythere,theprevailingmodelofinnovationwhich
seeks for continuing growth and expansion is put in question. In this context, the
objectiveorfundamentalgoalofscienceandtechnologyrequiresanewperspectiveand
thiscoincideswiththerecentdiscussionsonthealternativemeasurementofwealththan
GDP or happiness studies. Drawing on a vision of “sustainable welfare society,” new
directionsofinnovationandpublicpolicyareexaminedhere.
先進諸国における医療分野のマクロ・パフォーマンス比較や格差・貧困問題の広がり等
を見ると、従来のような“拡大・成長”志向の技術革新が必ずしも望ましい成果をもた
らさないことが示唆される。こうして「何のための科学・技術」という基本的な問いが
新たな文脈で浮かび上がることになるが、GDP に代わる指標や幸福度をめぐる議論も活
発化する中で、「持続可能な福祉社会」という社会像と、そのための科学や政策のあり
方を幅広い視点で考えてみたい。
Yoshinori HIROI
広井良典
Professor, Kokoro Research Center at Kyoto University
京都大学こころの未来研究センター教授
Professor Yoshinori HIROI, after earning B.A. and M.A. from
University of Tokyo, worked for the Ministry of Health and
WelfareandbecameProfessorofChibaUniversity.Hebecame
ProfessoratKyotoUniversityin2016.Hewasavisitingscholar
attheDepartmentofPoliticalScienceofMITbetween2001‐02.
ProfessorHiroi’smajorareasarepublicpolicyandphilosophy
ofscience,andhaswrittenmanybooksinJapaneseincluding
Social Security of Japan, Rethinking on Community etc. He
receivedJapanEconomistAwardin1999andOsaragiAwardin
SocialSciencesin2009.
1961 年生まれ。東京大学教養学部卒業（科学史・科学哲学専攻）、同大学院修士課程修
了後、厚生省勤務、千葉大学教授をへて、2016 年より現職。この間、2001‐2002 年
マサチューセッツ工科大学客員研究員。専攻は公共政策及び科学哲学。『日本の社会保
障』（岩波新書、1999 年）でエコノミスト賞、『コミュニティを問いなおす』（ちくま
新書、2009 年）で大仏次郎論壇賞受賞。
10
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Technikstudien: Launching an initiative on STI/STS research on
Japan in Germany
和文タイトル
Over the past decades the term “innovation” has become a buzzword in S&T policy in
various countries to encourage economic growth. At present, beside S&T, values and
ethical issues are considered as relevant factors as well when estimating innovation
success. Moreover, technology research has a long history in Germany and Japan has
been frequently referred to as model for societal futures and technological solutions,
regarding ecological modernisation, foresight, energy security or health technologies.
Still,wearguethat,currently,thereisnocoherentfieldoftechnologyresearchonJapan
inGermanyfromasocialscienceandhumanitiespointofview.Weareconvincedthat
the fragmented landscape of institutionalised research on technology in Germany‐ the
picturelooksdifferentinAustriaandSwitzerland‐decisivelycontributedtothemissing
disciplinary identityyet. Thus, we launched aninitiative on STS/STI research on Japan
and compiled a special issue in order to (re)open a discussion on “technical things
Japanese” with a wider academic audience and to decentre Eurocentric models of
explanation.InGerman,wefavourthetermTechnikstudien.However,translationwork
is needed not merely in terminology between three languages: German, Japanese and
English,butalsoofthevarioussocio‐economic‐culturalcontextstopreciselyunderstand
theco‐evolutionaryprocessoftechnologicaldevelopmentandsocialinnovation.
和文要旨…
Susanne BRUCKSCH ズザンネ・ブルクシュ
German Institute for Japanese Studies -DIJ Tokyo ドイツ日本研究所専任研究員
Susanne BRUCKSCH is Senior Researcher at German Institute
for Japanese Studies (DIJ) Tokyo. From 2009‐2016, she has
been working as senior research fellow at Freie Universität
Berlin and was visiting researcher at Waseda University this
year collecting data for her current research on «Technical
Innovation and Research Collaboration in Japan: The
BiomedicalEngineeringSector».Before,shespenttwoyearsin
JapanwithaMEXTandDIJscholarshipconductingresearchfor
her dissertation on «Environmental Collaboration between
LargeBusinessCompaniesandCivilSocietyOrganisationsinJapan».Shealsoholdspost
asTechnik‐STS‐SectionleaderoftheGermanAssociationforSocialScienceResearchon
Japan(VSJF).
Research Interest: Innovation Studies, STS/STI, Biomedical Engineering / Medical
Technologies
和文略歴…
11
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Image of Jurisprudence Reconstructed to Enhance Innovation
イノベーションの促進と法学イメージの再構成
Law is generally imaged as to stand on human dignity to protect human rights, often
takingitsstancetobeagainsttechnologicaldevelopmentstopossiblyinfringe"humane
territory"asadvancingAI.Ontheotherhand,however,lawhascreatedanddeveloped
thesystemof"legalbodies"ascompaniesornot‐for‐profitorganizationstoactaslegal
subjectstoholdrightsandduties,uptosuchvaguegroupsasethnicity.Wecanconsider
law as the measure to coordinate allocation of responsibilities and liabilities to solve
troubles emerging in certain situation of society, to artificially enhance or suppress
social change. The reporter tries to discuss the possible action of law to design social
systemofliabilityallocationtoenhanceinnovation,takingexamplefromtheproblemof
developingauto‐drivingcar.
法律はしばしば、基本的人権に立脚し人間の尊厳を守るようなものとしてイメージされ
ているし、それは事実でもある。この観点から、たとえば人工知能の発展が「人間の領
域」を侵害することを警戒し、技術開発や実用化に反対する側面を法律学が持っている
ことも間違いない。だが同時に法律は、ホモ・サピエンス以外の存在が法的主体として
権利義務を保有する制度を作り出し、現在の消費社会を担う法人を生み出してきたし、
民族のような集団を人権の主体として生み出す機能も持っていた。言い換えればそれは、
さまざまなトラブルを処理する場合に必要となる責任分配の体制を調整することを通じ
て、社会の変化を人工的に促進したり抑制したりする機能を発揮してきたのである。本
報告では、自動運転車の責任問題を素材として、イノベーションを促進する責任分配の
ための制度設計としてたとえば法律学にどのような対応が可能かについて論じる。
Takehiro OHYA
大屋雄裕
Professor, Keio University Faculty of Law 慶應義塾大学法学部教授
After finishing undergraduate of Law and research fellowship
at the University of Tokyo, he moved to Nagoya University as
an associate professor, where he served as full professor to
October2015.HeisamemberoftheexecutiveboardofJapan
Association of Legal Philosophy, and currently a member of
InvestigationCommitteeonNetworkingAI,MinistryofInternal
AffairsandCommunications,Japan.Hismainfieldsofresearch
arethephilosophicalbasisoflegalinterpretation,andtheeffect
ofinformationtechnologyonlegal/politicalsystems.
1974 年生まれ。専攻は法哲学。東京大学法学部を卒業、同大学助手・名古屋大学大学院
法学研究科助教授・教授等を経て 2015 年 10 月より現職。総務省「AI ネットワーク化
検討会議」構成員などを務める。著書に『自由とは何か：監視社会と「個人」の消滅』
（ちくま新書, 2007 年）、『自由か、さもなくば幸福か？：21 世紀の〈あり得べき社
会〉を問う』（筑摩選書,2014 年）等がある。
12
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Post-Disaster Community Recovery and Community-based
Collaborative Action Research
- A Case of Process Evaluation Method for Community Life Improvement -
災害後の地域再生と地域協働型アクション・リサーチ
－地域生活改善プロセス評価手法の事例－
Disasters severely damage local communities and leave much destruction behind it. In
theprocessofpost‐disasterreconstruction,ahigherprioritytendstobegiventofinding
aremedyforinfrastructureandurgentassistanceforthedisastervictims.Itisnotclear
ifandhowthedamagedcommunitiesmightrecoverasalivablesocialunit.Community’s
recovery and reconstruction require people’s voices, community’s vision, and
identification and use of local assets and resources. To that end, stakeholders’
autonomous initiatives play a vital role. The need for collaboration between
stakeholders and experts has been pointed out, and community‐based collaborative
action research has gradually received some attention as a practical research method.
The presenter has collaborated with residents of a small community in the area of the
epicenter of 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake in Niigata by applying a process evaluation
method for community life improvement. This presentation will share the community‐
based collaborative work and shed some light on the meaning of co‐creation for
communitydevelopmentandcommunity‐basedcollaborativeactionresearch,andsome
issuesrelatedtocollaborationbetweenstakeholdersandexperts.
災害は人々の地域生活基盤を打ち崩し、長期間にわたる大きな爪跡を残す。災害復興で
は、まずは高度技術の活用によるインフラの復興や被災者の緊急生活救済に重点が置か
れる。しかし、それだけでは、生活の息吹を感じられる場として地域社会が復興・再生
されるのかは確かではない。地域社会の復興・再生には、地域住民の意見、地域再興へ
のビジョン、地域資源・資産の掘り起こしと活用が必要であり、住民の主体的参画が求
められる。徐々に、当事者と専門家の協働の必要性が指摘され、実践的研究手法として、
地域協働型アクション・リサーチが注目されつつある。発表者は、新潟県中越地震
（2004）の震央地域のある小地区にて、住民との協働で地域生活改善プロセス評価手法
を取り入れ、地域再生を支援してきた。本発表では、この取り組みを紹介しつつ、地域
共創と地域協働型アクション・リサーチの意義や当事者と専門家の協働に関する課題に
ついて考える。
Takayoshi KUSAGO
草郷孝好
Professor, Faculty of Sociology, Kansai University 関西大学社会学部教授
Asocialscientistwhotakesaction.Fromtheperspectiveofhuman
developmentandcapabilityapproach,hehasstudiedavarietyof
subjectspertinenttomodernizationandsustainabledevelopment.
Heplacesenormousimportanceonhowlocalpeoplecanactively
engage in creating own community/society where they can
achieve a higher level of well‐being. He has community‐based
well‐being action‐research projects in Japan, Bhutan and Nepal.
He has published research papers in academic journals such as
World Development, Social Indicators Research, and coauthored
GNH(GrossNationalHappiness)inJapanese,2011.
行動する社会科学者。人間開発と潜在能力アプローチの視点に立
ち、近代化や開発の意味を問い直す研究に従事。人々が主体的により善い生き方を実現しう
る社会のあり方の探求を目指し、既存の統計データだけではつかむことが難しい人々の声に
耳を傾けることにより、生活者の視点を活かした地域創りに取り組む。日本、ブータンやネ
パールにおいて地域協働型アクション・リサーチを展開。論文は、WorldDevelopment,Social
IndicatorsResearch などに掲載、主な著作に「GNH（国民総幸福）」（共著,2011）など。
13
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Bottom-up innovation in digital practices: extinction or renewal?
和文タイトル
Someofthemostnoteworthydevelopmentsincommunicationbehaviours(open‐source
software, Wikipedia, P2P, blogs, etc.) have not been initiated 'from above', via an
industrial development plan and the launching of a new technology invented in a
researchlaboratory;rather,theyhavetakenshape'frombelow',throughacooperative
process involving networks of users participating on a voluntary basis. This type of
'horizontal'dynamic,whichdevelopsindependentlyofthe'vertical'cyclesofinnovation,
was an essential if not exclusive characteristic of the development of the first age of
Internet, its use and its market. In the bottom‐up innovation processes, three distinct
circlesofactorscanbedistinguished:thecoreinnovators,thenetworkofcontributors,
and the circle of reformers. Using different examples of recent bottom‐up innovations
(Wikipédia,alternativemetrics,etc.)wewilltrytogivesociologicalcharacterizationof
thesociotechnicaltrajectoryofthoseinnovations.Withthemassificationofusesandthe
rise of hegemonic platforms (Google, Facebook, Amazon, etc.) the role of bottom‐up
innovationinthedigitaleconomyseemstohavevanished.We’lltrytoexplorehowthe
asymmetrical relationship between web platforms and internet users creates a new
contextforhorizontalinnovations.
和文要旨…
Dominique CARDON
ドミニク・カルドン
Professor, Sciences Po Paris / Medialab パリ政治学院メディアラボ教授
DominiqueCARDONissociologistintheLaboratoryofusesof
France Telecom R&D and professor at the Sciences Po
Paris/Medialab. He is working on the transformation of the
public space and the uses of new technologies. He published
different articles on the place of new technologies in the no‐
global movement, alternative media and on the process of
bottom‐up innovations in the numeric world. Recently, his
researchesdealwiththesociologyofalgorithmicinnovationsandculture.
He published La démocratie Internet (Paris, Seuil/République des idées, 2010, with
FabienGranjon),Médiactivistes(Paris,PressesdeSciencepo,2010,withAntonioCasilli),
Qu’est‐ce que le digital labo? (Paris, Ina Éditions, 2015), A quoi rêvent les algorithmes
(Paris,Seuil,2015).
和文略歴…
14
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
How to critically account for innovation?
Urban innovation as a site for political experiments
和文タイトル
Expressions such as “social innovation” or “bottom‐up innovation” have been used to
offer contrasts to innovation processes that would be “technical” or “top‐down”. The
integration of these notions in public and private initiatives might blunt their critical
strengths.Moreproblematically,theyrestonfundamentaldualistassumptionsaboutthe
natureofinnovation,which,Iargue,areempiricallyandpoliticallyunsatisfactory.Iuse
empiricalexamplestakenfromanongoingresearchprojectoncitiesexperimentingwith
mobilitypracticestoillustrateprocessesofinnovationthatcannotbeeasilydescribedas
either“social”or“technical”,“bottom‐up”or“top‐down”.UsingarecentfieldworkinSan
Francisco, I comment on the politics of urban mobility put in place by the Municipal
TransportationAuthority(SFMTA).FocusingontheframingofSFMTA’sinterventionin
the terms of innovation, I analyze the democratic ordering the Authority’s initiatives
realize,andthecontestationstheyface.Eventually,Idiscussthewaysinwhichastudyof
cityexperimentsinthetermsoutlinedherecanprovideresourcesforacriticalanalysis
ofinnovationunderstoodasapoliticalprocess.
和文要旨...
Brice LAURENT ブリス・ローラン
Researcher, Center for the Sociology of Innovation of MINES ParisTech
所属役職
BriceLAURENTisaresearcherattheCenterfortheSociology
of Innovation of Mines ParisTech. His work focuses on the
relationships between technological development and
democraticordering,and,morerecently,ontheprocessesthat
connect market organization and political projects. He
published Les Politiques des Nanotechnologies in 2010 (Paris,
Charles Léopold Mayer). His monograph Democratic
Experiments will be published in February 2017 (Cambridge
MA,MITPress).
和文略歴…
15
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Social innovation as two-tiered transition:
Negotiated problem solving and deliberation
2 レベル･トランジションとしての社会イノベーション：交渉による問題解決と熟議
Social innovation is only possible when individuals, who find values in it, collaborate.
Suchcollaborationscanbeanalyzedfromamulti‐levelperspectiveinwhichthecontext,
socialsystems,andindividualactionsinteract.Whilesocialinnovationmightoriginate
as a locally‐oriented negotiated solution at the individual action level, such small scale
trialseventuallybecomean“innovation”byaffectingthesocialsystemsthatdefinethe
legitimatesetofactions.Ontheotherhand,somekindsofinnovativetechnologies,such
as fuel efficient automobiles or improved fossil fuel extraction, can be reinforcing the
incumbent systems that are unlikely to sustain under the dynamically shifting context.
Social innovation, discussed in this session, is (probably) different from such
technologicaldevelopmentinthat“social”entailsdeliberativechangeinthesystem.By
referringtoJapanesecases,includingastoryfromaruralvillageandanotheronthenew
mode of knowledge production, I will discuss the two facades of social innovation:
negotiatedproblemsolvinganddeliberativesystemicchange.
ソーシャルイノベーションはそこに価値を見出す人々が協働してはじめて実現する。そ
のような協働は、文脈、社会システム、個人行動という 3 レベルの視点で分析できる。
ソーシャルイノベーションは、現場における交渉による問題解決として個人行動のレベ
ルで生起するかもしれないが、小規模な実践が個人行動を規定する社会システムに影響
することで「イノベーション」に進化する。一方、燃費性能のよい自動車や化石燃料掘
削の効率化など、一見イノベーティブな技術も、大きく変容する文脈の中で持続可能で
はない旧来の社会システムの温存と強化につながりうる。ソーシャルイノベーションは、
システムにおける熟議的変化をもたらす点で、それらの技術開発とは異なるだろう。本
発表では、山村部の活性化や新たな知識生産の形態の普及といった日本の事例を通じ、
ソーシャルイノベーションの 2 つの側面（ファサード）、即ち交渉による問題解決と熟
議によるシステム変革について議論する。
Masahiro MATSUURA
松浦正浩
Professor, Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University
明治大学ガバナンス研究科公共政策大学院教授
Masahiro MATSUURA is Professor at the Graduate School of
Governance Studies at Meiji University in Tokyo where he
teaches negotiation and consensus building processes. He
receivedhisPh.D.(UrbanandRegionalPlanning)andMaster
in City Planning degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology’s Department of Urban Studies and Planning. His
publications include Joint Fact‐Finding in Urban Planning and
Environmental Disputes (forthcoming; Routledge (co‐edited
withToddSchenk))andLocalizingPublicDisputeResolutionin
Japan(2008;VDM‐Verlag).Hisresearchfocusesonthetheory
andpracticeparticularlyinAsiainvariousfieldsofpublicpolicysuchasenvironmental
policy,sciencepolicy,andurbanplanning.
東京大学工学部土木工学科卒、マサチューセッツ工科大学都市計画学科修士課程、(株)
三菱総合研究所研究員、マサチューセッツ工科大学都市計画学科 Ph.D.課程、東京大学公
共政策大学院特任准教授を経て、2016 年 4 月より現職。NPO 法人 Democracy Design
Lab 理事長。専門は合意形成論、交渉学、都市環境政策。主要著書に『Joint Fact‐Finding
inUrbanPlanningandEnvironmentalDisputes』（共編著,Routledge,2016）、『実践！交
渉学：いかに合意形成を図るか』（筑摩書房,2010）、『コンセンサス・ビルディング入
門』（共訳,有斐閣,2008）ほか論文多数。
16
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session2.DesigningtheProcessofSocialInnovation
Serendipitous scientific innovations and public participation in
defining the research agenda: is the tension real?
和文タイトル
One of the main sources of resistance to public participation in the setting of research
agendaistheclaimthatscientificdiscoveriesandinnovationsareoftenserendipitous:a
lineofresearchmayleadtoatotallyunexpected,surprisingresult,whichopensanew
directionofinquiry,leadingtonewfundamentalknowledgeandunexpectedapplications
(the invention of the laser being a paradigmatic case). On the face of it, such an
unpredictable dynamics of scientific developments makes it difficult to consider that
citizensshouldbeinvolvedinthesettingofresearchpriorities:onwhichgroundscould
theybeaskedtoformulatepreferencesifcertainoutcomesofaresearchprogramcannot
be foreseen? In this talk I will discuss the cogency of this line of argument and
investigate to what extent the tension between public participation and the
serendipitousnatureofscientificdynamicscanbeovercome.
和文要旨…
Stéphanie RUPHY ステファニ・ルフィ
Professor, Université Grenoble Alpes
ピエール・マンデス・フランス大学教授
Stéphanie RUPHY holds a PhD in astrophysics (Paris VI
University)andaPhDinphilosophy(ColumbiaUniversity).She
iscurrentlyProfessorinthePhilosophyofScience,headofthe
research laboratory Philosophie, Pratiques & Langages and
Vice‐President in charge of Interdisciplinary Research at
UniversitéGrenobleAlpes.Muchofherworkhasconcernedthe
unityorpluralityofsciencedebate,computersimulations,the
role of values in science and the democratization of the
governance of science. Her recent publications include
Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered, ‐A new Approach to the
(Dis)unityofscience(PittsburghUniversityPress2016).
和文略歴…
17
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
‘Innovation’ as an altered concept of ‘Progress’ :
Revisiting its epistemological and historical contexts
｢イノベーション｣は｢進歩｣の代替概念なのか：認識論的・歴史的文脈を再考する
Innovation is one of the notions on which many countries lean as if it were a magical
stickbringingmiraculoussolutiontoeveryproblemintoday’scomplexworld.Asfaras
thispointisconcerned,wecannotethatitplaysaverysimilarroleaswhatthenotion
‘progress’doesinthe19thcenturyinEurope,orinthelate19thand20thcenturiesin
therestoftheworld.Interestingly,thisresemblanceseemstostandoutespeciallywhen
we pay attention to today’s discourses on innovation conveying some socio‐political
values, such as ‘Responsibility of Research and Innovation’, ‘inclusive innovation’, ‘co‐
creation’,andsoon.Tounderstandourownstandpointbetter,nowitseemstomeworth
revisitingtheidealsthatthenotion‘progress’conveysinthepasteras,referringtosome
authors in the 18th‐19th centuries of Europe. By questioning what are similarities or
differences between socio‐political ideals of the past and those carried by today’s
discussions on ‘innovation,’ I hope to contribute to the arguments on the direction for
today’ssocietiestochoosefortheFuture.
今日において「イノベーション」（innovation）は世界各国に夢を与えるキーワードとな
っている。この点に関する限り、それは 19 世紀の欧州、ならびに 19 世紀から 20 世紀
半ばまでの非西洋世界において「進歩」（progress）の概念が果たした役割と非常に類
似したものを担っている。その類似性は「責任ある研究・イノベーション」や「共創」
など、イノベーションが社会的な方向性を意識するほどに尚更際だつ。では、「進歩」
の概念はかつて人々にどのような理想を与えていたのか、そしてそれは今日のイノベー
ションを支える言説とどの程度類似し、また異なっているのだろうか。現代の我々自身
の立ち位置を確認し、これから進む先を考える意味でも、今改めて振り返り、検証して
みる価値はあるだろう。
Sayaka OKI 隠岐さや香
Professor, Nagoya University 名古屋大学教授
Professor,NagoyaUniversityGraduateSchoolofEconomics
MemberofScienceCouncilofJapan,2014‐present
Executivecommitteemember,JapaneseSocietyforScienceand
TechnologyStudies,2013‐present
ResearchInterests:HistoryofScience&Technologyinthe18‐
19thcenturyofFrance,especiallyontherelationshipbetween
the government and academic institutions of Science; Science
andTechnologyStudies
Education: Ph.D. (Arts and Sciences), University of Tokyo,
GraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences,Tokyo,Japan,2008
Awards: JSPS Prize, Japan Society for Promotion of Science (2013); Japan Academy
Medal,JapanAcademy(2013)
名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科教授
日本学術会議連携会員（2014 年～）
日本科学技術社会論学会理事（2013 年～）
研究：18−19 世紀フランスの科学技術史、特に国家とアカデミー組織の関係について。
他には科学技術社会論、科学政策など。
学歴：東京大学大学院総合文化研究科博士課程満期退学、博士（学術）
受賞歴：日本学術振興会第 9 回（平成 24 年度）日本学術振興会賞、日本学士院第 9 回
（平成 24 年度）日本学士院学術奨励賞など
18
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
Science With and By Society
和文タイトル
We are witnessing today a deep change in the role of society and Social Science and
Humanities (SSH) in science, innovation, and creativity. It is obvious that innovation
requiresotherstrengthsbesidesthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Knowledge
from SSH needs to be integrated into innovation. Science policy‐makers in both our
countriesthenexpectSSHtoplayasignificantrole,butoftenSSHareexpectedtohelp
withtheacceptabilityoftechnologies,oratbest,inadjustingpolicytofitsocialdemands
orhumanneeds.Mypoint,andourmethodattheCNRS,isthatSSHareusefulnotonly
for a posteriori adjustment, but for science from the outset. Practical knowledge and
wisdom, and the involvement of the people—participation by “the public”— not only
mattersfordemocracy,butforsupportingactualinnovation.Ifhumanneedsaretobe
met, or included, in science, then the public expression of these needs should matter.
This means accounting for the public’s ability to organize and acquire collective
intelligenceonscientificissues.
和文要旨…
Sandra LAUGIER
サンドラ・ロジエ
Professor, CNRS and Paris 1 University
フランス国立研究センター（CNRS）、パリ第一大学教授
SandraLAUGIERisProfessorofPhilosophyatUniversitéParis
1 Panthéon‐Sorbonne, Paris, France, and Senior member of
Institut Universitaire de France. She is since 2016 Special
Adviser for Science and Society to the President of the CNRS,
and has been Deputy Director of the Institut des Sciences
Humaines et Sociales, CNRS, in charge of Interdisciplinarity,
since2010.LaugieristhetranslatorofStanleyCavell’sworkin
Frenchandis specialized in Ordinary Language Philosophy, Ethics, Genderstudiesand
Popularculture.SheistheauthorofmanybooksandarticlesinFrench,English,Italian,
German, including: Tous vulnérables, le care, les animaux et l’environnement (Payot,
2012), Faceauxdésastres,lecare,lafolieetlesgrandesdétressescollectives; co‐authored
withAnneLovell,StefaniaPandolfo,VeenaDas(Ithaque,2013),WhyWeNeedOrdinary
LanguagePhilosophy(U.ofChicagoPress,2013),Recommencerlaphilosophie,Cavelletla
philosophie américaine (Vrin, 2014), Le principe démocratie, with A. Ogien, (La
Découverte,2014),EticaePoliticadel’Ordinario(LED,2015).
和文略歴…
19
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
Lessons from Fukushima for Responsible Innovation:
How to Construct New Relashinship between Science and Society
責任あるイノベーションのための福島からの教訓：
科学と社会の新しい関係をいかに構築するか
This paper deals with the NPP(Nuclear Power Plants) accidents in Fukushima in 2011
based on our book, “Lessons from Fukushima: Japanese Case Studies on Science,
TechnologyandSociety”,publishedbySpringerin2015.Analyzingtheprocessthrough
which NPP are embedded in political, economic and social contexts in Japan, it is
revealedthatsegregationwasestablishedbetweensitesthatacceptedNPPbefore1970s
and sites without NPP. After the accidents, this segregation expanded between these
sitesaswellaswithineachsites.HowcanJapanesesocietyintegratethissegregationfor
responsible innovationregardingto the future energy? RRI implies that societalactors
work together during the whole research and innovation process(Horizon 2020).For
producing society with RRI, citizen’s engagement, high–level commitment, and
transparency in the requirement of re‐operation of NPP are inevitable. These are
“societalandinstitutionalinnovation”forthefuture.
先に出版した書籍「LessonsfromFukushima:JapaneseCaseStudiesonScience,Technology
and Society」（Springer, 2015）に基づいて発表を行う。原発のある地域とない地域にお
ける分断を統合し、再稼働基準に市民の監視を入れ込むためにどのような社会イノベー
ションが可能かを考える。
Yuko FUJIGAKI 藤垣裕子
Vice-dean, Professor, The University of Tokyo
東京大学総合文化研究科副研究科長・教授
Yuko FUJIGAKI is a Professor and Vice Dean, College &
GraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences,UniversityofTokyo.Her
major is STS and Scientometrics. She is now the President of
JSSTS(JapaneseSocietyofScienceandTechnologyStudies)and
was the Program Chair, joint meeting of 4S(Society for Social
StudiesofScience)andJSSTSin2010.ShewasinanAdvisory
Board on Science, Technology and Research in Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2012‐
2014) and is now Advisory Board Member, Committee of
Frontier of Science, Japanese Society of Promotion of Science,
(2008‐)andClub‐memberofScienceCouncilofJapan(2011‐).
専門は科学技術社会論および科学計量学。現在、科学技術社会論学会会長。2010 年に国
際科学技術社会論学会と日本の当学会との合同開催を主催。日本学術会議連携会員。科
学技術・学術審議会委員（2012‐2014）、科学技術情報審議会委員。
20
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
Environment and social innovation:
Why technology could not be the central solution?
和文タイトル
Environmental critique massively emerged in the 1960s. At its source were scientists
and mili‐tants who belonged to larger social movements contesting nature destruction
byindustrializa‐tion,capitalismandsovietcommunism.Worriesbecamewidespreadin
the early 1970s and solutions were proposed. Most of them were not technical
innovation – even if designing envi‐ronment‐friendly technologies were at the top of
agendas from the start. De facto, innovation had to be social and political in nature.
Natural scientists and medical experts defined ‘accepta‐ble’ norms and tried to have
themmonitorbystates.Economistsfavoredtaxesonpollutionstohaveenvironmental
destruction included into prices; with state administrations, they refined cost‐benefit
analysis and later defended cap and trade solutions. Liberal think tanks militated for
free‐market environmentalism, privatization of commons, and condemned norms and
tax‐es. In the late 1980s, before Rio, business associations and major multinational
enterprises ad‐vocated voluntary engagements, changes in management and
independent audits. In the 1990s labels and certifications exploded and Round Tables
(withstakeholders)wereestablishedinthe2000sforsoja,palmoil,etc.Theaimofthe
talk will be to map the varied nature of these solu‐tions and to discuss their strengths
andnegativeeffects,theirpoliticsandresults.
和文要旨…
Dominique PESTRE ドミニク・ペストル
EHESS, Centre Koyre
社会科学高等研究院（EHESS）、アレクサンドル・コイレ研究所
DominiquePESTREisasocialandpoliticalhistorianof19thand
20th Century science and technology. He has also written on
philosophicalaspectsandonquitecontemporarytopics.Hehas
co‐editedScienceintheTwentiethCenturywithJohnKrige,and
Dictionnaire culturel des sciences with N. Wittkowski and JM
Levy‐Leblond. He has published History of CERN, in
collaboration, 3 volumes, HeinrichHertz,L’administrationdela
preuve (PUF, collection Philosophies, 2002, with Michel Atten),
Science, Argent et Politique (INRA 2003), Les Sciences pour la
guerre,1940‐1960(EHESS,2004),withAmyDahan,Introduction
auxScienceStudies (La Découverte, 2007) andAcontre‐science.
PolitiquesetSavoirsdessociétéscontemporaines(Seuil,2013).
和文略歴…
21
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovaationBeyond
dTechnique’2016
Session3.PrrotestsandR
Refusals
Beyo
ond the competit
c
tiveness framewo
ork?
Mod
dels of in
nnovation
n revisite
ed
和文タ
タイトル
Inthisspaper,weetakeserio
ouslythecaalltoresearrchandinnovationas awaytoaddress
majorrcontemporarysocieta
alchallengeesandthe needtodessigninnovaationpolicie
esthat
go beyond thee tradition
nal compeetitiveness frame. Challenging the trad
ditional
compeetitiveness frame means that w
we have to consider the diversiity of inno
ovation
pathw
ways and the
t
directio
onality of iinnovation.. Drawing on a broaad review of the
literatture, we an
nalyse the diversity
d
off innovation
n models. Although
A
thee linear mo
odel of
innovation is stiill hegemon
nic, we iden
ntify three alternative
e models: uuser's innov
vation,
buted innov
vation, and
d social inn
novation. We
W show tha
at models oof innovation are
distrib
relateed to different mora
al economi es and wee discuss their abiliity to deall with
directtionality.
和文要
要旨…
Pierr
re-Benoîtt JOLY ピエール・ブノワ・ジョリ
Instittut nation
nal de la re
echerche a
agronomiq
que
国立農
農業研究所、フランス社
社会イノベー
ーション研究院
Pie
erre‐Benoitt JOLY, econ
nomist and
d sociologisst, is Directeur de
reccherche att the Natio
onal Institu
ute of Agroonomic Research
(IN
NRA)inFraance.HehassbeentheD
DirectorofttheIFRIS(F
French
InsstituteforSStudiesofR
ResearchandInnovatiooninSocietty)and
of Labex (Lab
boratory off Excellence
e) SITES froom 2011 to
o 2014
an
nd he is now th
he director of LISSIS (Laborratoire
Intterdisciplin
naireScienccesInnovatiionsSociétéés).
His research
h focuses on the study
s
of cco‐productiion of
kn
nowledgean
ndsocialorrder.Drawingonanum
mberofem
mpirical
studiees on the in
nteractions between sscience, dem
mocracy an
nd the markket, the aim
m is to
analyzzetheconttemporaryttransforma tionsofsciientificpublicspaceanndnewmo
odesof
governanceofin
nnovationandrisk.Sin
nce2011,P.B.JolycoordinatesthheASIRPAp
project
ntofsocialiimpactofreesearch.
ontheeassessmen
He haas published
d five book
ks, coordinaated four sp
pecial issue
es of journaals and pub
blished
more than100aarticles.He lecturesat theEcoled
desHautes Etudesen SciencesSo
ociales
UniversitéP
ParisEst.HeeismemberoftheedittorialboarddsofMinervaand
(EHESSS)andatU
Naturres‐Sciencess‐Sociétés.
Heisaamembero
oftheFrencchAcademyyofAgriculltureandistheco‐authhorofa201
13ESF
reporttonScience‐Societyth
hatreceived
dtheZiman
nPriceofth
heEuropeaanAssociatiionfor
theSttudiesofSciienceandTechnology (EASST).
和文略
略歴…
22
&Biographies)15Aug
(ProvisionallAbstracts&
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
Who is responsible for the safety and security of new technologies?
新規技術の安全性とセキュリティの責任を誰が持つのか？
Therearemoreandmorecasesthatconcernaboutsafetyandsecurityhinderssocialand
market acceptance of emerging technologies, because onus of proof has shifted from
publicauthoritytothedeveloperorsellerofthem.Itisnecessarytodefinesafetyand
securitybeforehandinordertoensuresafetyandsecurityofemergingtechnologiesand
communicate them to stakeholders. When safety and security are defined as “freedom
fromunintentional/intentionalriskwhichisnottolerable”,theproceduretoensuretheir
safety/securitywillbeeasilyderived.Thekeyistomakecleartheexistenceofresidual
risksandmakepriorarrangementtofacilitatecrisismanagement.
新規技術についてその安全性及びセキュリティの懸念が市場や社会への受容の妨げにな
っているケースがますます増えている。安全であることを事前に説得力を持って、社会
に示すためには、最初に安全やセキュリティを正しく定義しておく必要がある。安全や
セキュリティを「許容できないリスクがないこと」と定義する場合、安全性が確保され
ていることを示すための手順はおのずと明らかになる。その中には、残留リスクを明ら
かにし、それが顕在化した際の対応を事前に明らかにしておく必要がある。
Atsuo KISHIMOTO
岸本充生
Project Professor, Graduate School of Public Policy, The University of Tokyo
東京大学公共政策大学院特任教授
Professor KISHIMOTO studied environmental and health
economics at the graduate school of economics, and received
hisPh.D.ineconomicsfromKyotoUniversity.Beforemovingto
theUniversityofTokyo,heworkedfortheResearchInstituteof
ScienceforSafetyandSustainabilityattheNationalInstituteof
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. His main
research interests are risk assessment, risk governance and
regulatory impact assessment of everything. He has been
engagedasacounciloroftheSocietyforRiskAnalysisJapan.
京都大学で環境経済学を専攻し、1998 年、経済学研究科博士後期課程修了、博士（経済
学）を取得。独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所化学物質リスク管理研究センター研究員、
安全科学研究部門研究グループ長を経て、2014 年 4 月から現職。専門分野はリスク評価、
リスクガバナンス、規制影響評価。日本リスク研究学会理事。
23
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug
‘InnovationBeyondTechnique’2016
Session3.ProtestsandRefusals
Risk society Japanese-style
日本型リスク社会
In recent years, in Japan, many incidents have highlighted the importance of risk
governance; these are pieces of evidence that risk issues are at the center of social
challenges. In this sense, it can be said that Japan is also shifting from an industrial
society to a risk society. It was, most likely, Ulrich Beck who first examined the
relationshipbetweenriskandcontemporarysociety.TherealityofrisksocietyinJapan,
however, is quite different from what Beck anticipated. Behind this background, there
shouldbethefactthattheconceptof“risk”asunderstoodinJapanisdifferentfromthat
inWesterncountries.Inthispresentation,wediscussthepossibilityofJapanesesociety
transitioning to a “Risk society Japanese‐style,” which differs from risk societies in
Europe.
近年の日本においては、リスク・ガバナンスの重要性が問われるような事件が多数、起
こってきた。それは、リスクの問題が社会的な課題の中心になってきていることの一つ
の証拠だろう。その意味では日本も、産業社会のレベルからリスク社会に移行している
といえるかもしれない。リスクと現代社会の関係について、最初に検討したのは Ulrich
Beck であるが、しかし、日本におけるリスク社会の実態は、Beck が想定したものとは
かなり異なっていると考えられる。その背景には、日本において理解されている“risk”
の概念が、西欧諸国のそれとは違うという事実があるだろう。ここでは、日本がリスク
社会的状況になりながらも、欧州などのそれとは異なる、いわば「日本型リスク社会」
に移行している可能性を議論したい。
Tatsuhiro KAMIASTO
神里達博
Professor, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chiba University
千葉大学国際教養学部教授
He was born in 1967. After serving in several positions,
including as a government officer in the former Science and
TechnologyAgencyandasaprojectassociateprofessoratthe
University of Tokyo and Osaka University, he assumed his
current position in 2015. His areas of expertise are history of
Photo
science and science and technology studies. He has also
published books including "Food Risk" in 2005 and “The
AdventuresofaCivilizationDetective”in2015.Besides,hehas
beenavisitingeditorialwriterattheAsahiShimbunsince2014,
where he writes a monthly column titled “Gekkan Anshin
Shimbun.”HereceivedhisPhD,MA,andBEfromtheUniversityofTokyo.
1967 年生。旧科学技術庁で行政官を、また東京大学および大阪大学で特任准教授を務め
るなどの後、2015 年より現職。専門は科学史・科学技術社会論。著書に『食品リスク』
（2005）、『文明探偵の冒険』（2015）などがある。2014 年より朝日新聞客員論説委
員を兼任、同紙でコラム「月間安心新聞」を連載中。博士（工学）、修士（学術）、学
士（工学）を東京大学より受領。
24
(ProvisionalAbstracts&Biographies)15Aug

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