国際連合 教育科学文化機関 教師のための メディア・情報 リテラシー カリキュラム キャロリン・ウィルソン アルトン・グリズル ラモン・トゥエイゾン クヮメ・アキヤンポン チ−キム・チャン ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࣭࢟ࣕࣟࣜࣥ࢘ࣝࢯࣥ ࣝࢺ࣭ࣥࢢࣜࢬࣝ ࣭ࣛࣔࣥࢺ࢚ࢰࣥ ࢡ࣓࣭࣏࣠࢟ࣖࣥࣥ ࢳ㸫࣒࣭࢟ࢳࣕࣥ ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯㸸 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⬟ຊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸰㸸 ࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࣀ࣭ࣥࢥ࣭ࣔ ࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 1 Published in 2014 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and The Asia-Pacific Media and Information Literacy Education Centre (AMILEC), JAPAN © UNESCO 2014 ISBN 978-92-3-000012-7 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). Original title: Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers Published in 2011 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. ⦅㞟 Alton Grizzle and Carolyn Wilson ┿ฟ ⾲⣬㸦ᕥྑࠊୖୗࡢ㡰㸧 1. ©iStockphoto 2. CC BY Rodorigo Galindez 3. ©iStockphoto 4. ©2008 Edson E. 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Fort, Courtesy of Photoshare p. 176: CC BY Paul Keller pp. 13 and 43 (ᕥྑࠊୖୗ): 1. CC BY Video Volunteers(VV) 2. © 2009 Dr Urvish Joshi, Courtesy of Photoshare 3. © 2006 Hugh Rigby/CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare 4. CC BY Video Volunteers(VV) 5. ©2008 Bob Msangi, Courtesy of Photoshare 6. ©2009 Frederick Noronha, Courtesy of Photoshare 7. CC BY C G-K 8. ©1997 CCP, Courtesy of Photoshare 2 ࣘࢿࢫࢥ᠇❶ ๓ᩥ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌮⏤ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ᠇❶ࡢᙜᅜࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢேᩍ⫱ࡢ ศ࡛ᖹ➼࡞ᶵࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࠊᐈほⓗ┿⌮ࡀᣊ᮰ࢆཷࡅࡎ᥈✲ࡉࢀࠊ ୟࡘࠊᛮ▱㆑ࡀ⮬⏤ࡉࢀࡿࡁࡇࢆಙࡌ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᅜẸࡢ 㛫࠾ࡅࡿఏ㐩ࡢ᪉ἲࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏཬࡧቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ୪ࡧ┦ ⌮ゎࡋཬࡧ┦ࡢ⏕άࢆ୍ᒙ┿ᐇ୍ᒙ▱ࡿࡓࡵࡇࡢఏ㐩 ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ୍⮴ࡋཬࡧỴពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦᪥ᮏࣘࢿࢫࢥᅜෆጤဨ⩻ヂ http://www.mext.go.jp/unesco/009/001.htm㸧 3 ㅰ㎡ ⴭ⪅㐩ࡣࠊWijayananda࣭Jayaweera Vladimir࣭Gai ࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᵓ ࡽ᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࡲ࡛ࡢከ࡞㈉⊩࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡉࡽࠊḟࡢ ேࠎࡽᐤࡏࡽࢀࡓࢻࣂࢫࢥ࣓ࣥࢺឤㅰࢆ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ㸸 せ㈉⊩⪅ ᰝㄞ⪅ Irmgarda Kasinskaite-Buddeberg, Programme Specialist, UNESCO Paris Andrew Puddephatt, Director, Global Partners and Associates, London, United Kingdom Fackson Banda, Programme Specialist, UNESCO Paris Boyan Radoykov, Chief of Section, Section for Universal Access and Preservation, UNESCO Paris Indrajit Banerjee, Director, Information Society Division, UNESCO Paris Ralph Catts, Senior Research Fellow, Schools and Social Capital Network Scottish Applied EducationalResearch Scheme (AERS) Jaco Du Toit, Communication and Information Advisor, UNESCO Windhoek Misako Ito, Communication and Information Advisor, UNESCO Rabat Abel Caine, Programme Specialist, UNESCO Paris Toby Mendel, Executive Director, Centre for Law and Democracy ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㈉⊩⪅ Jutta Croll, Managing Director, Stiftung Digitale Chancen, Berlin, Germany ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ‽ഛࡢࡓࡵࠊ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ຓゝࢆࡍࡿ㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᅜ㝿 ⓗ࡞ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ Kwame Akyempong, Deputy Director, Centre for International Education, Sussex University, Brighton, United Kingdom Evelyne Bevort, Deputy Director, Centre de Liaison de l’Enseignement et des Moyens d’Information (CLEMI),Paris, France Fackson Banda, SAB Limited – UNESCO Chair of Media and Democracy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. Albert K. Boekhorst, Visiting Professor, Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa C. K. Cheung, Teacher Trainer, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, China Noel Chicuecue, National Professional Officer, UNESCO Mozambique Bandula P. Dayarathne, Graduate Teacher and Curriculum Developer, National Institute of Education, and Visiting Lecturer of Media Education, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka Carmilla Floyd, writer, journalist and media trainer, Stockholm, Sweden Divina Frau-Meigs, Vice-President, International Association for Media and Communication 4 Research (IAMCR), University of Paris – Sorbonne, France Martin Hadlow, Director, Centre for Communication and Social Change, School of Journalism & Communication, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Jesus Lau, Director, USBI VER Library, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico Maria Ester Mancebo, Professor of Educational Policies, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay Penny Moore, Educational Research Consultant & Executive Director, International Association of School Librarianship, Wellington, New Zealand Renato Opertti, International Bureau of Education, UNESCO Geneva Caroline Pontefract, Chief of Section for Teacher Education, UNESCO Paris Rasha Omar, Director, Science Technology Track, Palestinian Curriculum Development Centre, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories José Manuel Perez Tornero, Vice-President, European Association for Viewers’ Interest (EAVI), General Secretary, International Association for Media Education (MENTOR), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain Manuel Quintero Quintero, Director-General, Instituto Latinoamericano de la Comunicación Educativa, Mexico Samy Tayie, President, International Association for Media Education (MENTOR), Cairo, Egypt Toussaint Tchitchi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin Jordi Torrent, Project Manager, Media Literacy Education, Alliance of Civilizations, United Nations Ramon R. Tuazon, Chairman, Technical Committee for Communication, Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and President, Asian Institute of Journalism and Communciation, Philippines Carolyn Wilson, President, Association for Media Literacy (AML), Ontario, Canada and Instructor, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢึ∧ࢆᑂᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㆟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ␒┠ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗᑓ㛛ᐙ 㞟ᅋ Clement Lambert, Lecturer, Language Arts/Literacy Education, Institute of Education, University of the WestIndies, Jamaica Susan Moeller, Director, International Center for Media and the Public Agenda (ICMPA), Salzburg, Austria Roxana Morduchowicz, Directora del Programa Escuela y Medios del Ministerio de Educación de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina Jutta Croll, Managing Director, Stiftung Digitale Chancen, Berlin, Germany Per Lundgren, Member, Board of Directors, World Summit on Media for Children and Youth, Karlstad, Sweden Mouna Benslimane, Teacher, School of Information Science, Morocco Ana Naidoo, Deputy Dean, Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa Asim Abdul Sattar, Dean, Faculty of Education, Maldives College of Higher Education, Maldives Ramon R. Tuazon, Chairman, Technical Committee for Communication, Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and President, Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication, Philippines Carolyn Wilson, President, Association for Media Literacy (AML), Ontario, Canada and Instructor, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada C. K. Cheung, Teacher Trainer, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, China 5 Kwame Akyempong, Deputy Director, Centre for International Education, Sussex University, Brighton, United Kingdom Jordi Torrent, Project Manager, Media Literacy Education, Alliance of Civilizations, United Nations Renato Opertti, Programme Specialist, International Bureau of Education, UNESCO Geneva ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ༡⡿ࠊ࢝ࣜࣈㅖᅜࠊ༡ࢪࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢥࣥࢧࣝ ࢱࣥࢺࡢᣦᑟ⪅ࡢࡑࡢᆅᇦࡢࢺࣞࢼ࣮ࡢカ⦎ࢆ⾜࠺ேࠎ .༡ࣇࣜ࢝ Phindile Maureen Nxumalo, Head of Education Department, William Pitcher College, Swaziland Wandile Sifundza, Editor of SNAT Newsletter, Swaziland National Teachers’ Association Musa Hlophe, Mathematics Curriculum Designer, Responsible for Information at the NCC National Curriculum Centre, South Africa Mafata Paul Mafata, Lesotho College of Education, Lesotho Mabataung Metsing, National Curriculum Development Centre, South Africa John Nyambe, National Institute of Educational Development, Namibia Gerhard Ngalangi, Lecturer, Rundu College of Education, Namibia Allen Chaida, Lecturer, Caprivi College of Education, Namibia Tulonga Henoch, Lecturer, Ongwediva College of Education, Namibia Elizabeth Brown, Lecturer, University of Namibia, Namibia Andrew Stevens, Lecturer, Rhodes University, South Africa Pentecost Nkhoma, Lecturer, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Les Meiring, Lecturer, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa Mandie Uys, Lecturer, North-West University, South Africa Gerrit Stols, University of Pretoria, South Africa Ana Naidoo, Deputy Dean, Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa Mary Anne Hood, Lecturer, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa Sikhonzile Ndlovu, Media training manager, Gender Links, Johannesburg, South Africa Maryna Roodt, Lecturer, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa Van Heerden, Lecturer, University of Western Cape, South Africa Marianne Hicks, Lecturer, International Studies, Monash University, South Africa Ina Fourie, Associate Professor, Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa Johan van Wyk, Librarian, University of Pretoria, South Africa . ༡⡿ཬࡧ࢝ࣜࣈㅖᅜ Joseph Mckenzie, Senior Lecturer, Moneague Teachers’ College, Jamaica Lorraine Jeanette Campbell, Director of Education, Edna Manley College of the Visual & Performing Arts, Kingston, Jamaica Hirfa Morrison, College Librarian, Excelsior Community College, Kingston, Jamaica Zellyne Jennings-Craig, Director, School of Education, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica Sonia Bennet-Cunningham, Principal Director, VTDI, HEART Trust/NTA, Kingston, Jamaica 6 Deborah Francis, Senior Lecturer, St Joseph’s Teachers, Kingston, Jamaica Dahlia Palmer, Lecturer, Shortwood Teachers’ College, Kingston, Jamaica Barbara Foster, Coordinator, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica Catherine Gibson, Business Studies Tutor, Erdiston Teachers’ Training College, Barbados Linda Rozenbald, Teacher Educator, Advanced Teacher Trainer College, Leysweg, Suriname Jennifer Palmer Crawford, HoD, Teacher Education, Clarence Fitzroy Bryant College, Guadeloupe Royston Emmanuel, Lecturer, Sir Arthur Lewis Community College, Saint Lucia Jacqueline Morris, Lecturer, University of Trinidad and Tobago Lionel Douglas, Assistant Professor, University. of Trinidad and Tobago Valentine Telemaque, ICT Tutor, Northeast Comprehensive School, Wesley, Dominica Erika Vasquez, Director, Basic Educational Department, National University of Costa Rica Sylvia James-Mitchell, Lecturer, T.A. Marryshow Communication College, Grenada Bob Harris, Freelance Journalist, PBC TV, Kingston, Jamaica Marlon Dixon, Cameraman, PBC TV, Kingston, Jamaica Gillian Bernard, Consultant, UNESCO Kingston, Jamaica Elizabeth Terry, Chair, ICT4D Jamaica, and Director, Projects and Partnerships, HEART Trust/NTA Isidro Fernandez-Aballi, Adviser Information and communication for the Caribbean, UNESCO Kingston, Jamaica Erika Walker, National Programme Officer for Communication and information, UNESCO Kingston, Jamaica Melody Palmer, Programme Manager and Network Coordinator, ICT4D Jamaica . ༡ࢪ Braza Gopal Bhowmick, Secretary, National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka, Bangladesh Rayhana Taslim, Assistant Professor, Teacher ’s Training College, Dhaka, Bangladesh Shameem Reza, Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication and Journalism, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Jigme Choden, Ministry of Information and Communication, Thimphu, Bhutan Yeshey Yang, Policy and Planning Officer, Ministry of Information and Communications, Thimphu, Bhutan Mohammad Akhtar Siddiqui, Chairperson, National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), New Delhi, India Arul Selvan, Associate Professor, School of Journalism and New Media Studies, IGNOU, New Delhi, India Mahalakshmi Jayaram, Former Faculty, Asia College of Journalism, Chennai Shuhudha Rizwan, Education Development Officer, Centre for Continuing Education, Ministry of Education, Male, Maldives Abdul Rasheed Ali, Dean, Faculty of Arts, Maldives College of Higher Education, Male, Maldives Ima Naryan Shrestha, Training Officer, National Centre for Educational Development (NCED), Nepal Shreeram Lamichhane, Teacher Training Institute, Nepal Anjum Zia, Chairperson, D/O Mass Communication, Lahore College University for women Lahore, Pakistan 7 Anthony D’Silva, Notre Dame Institute of Education, Karachi, Pakistan Pradeepa Wijetunge, Director, National Institute of Library & Information Sciences (NILIS), Colombo, Sri Lanka Premila Gamage, Librarian, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS), Colombo, Sri Lanka 8 ෆᐜ ᗎᩥ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐10 ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡘ࠸࡚͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐12 グ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐14 ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯㸸 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⬟ຊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐15 ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸰㸸 ࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࣀ࣭ࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ͐͐͐͐͐42 ⏝ㄒゎㄝ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐157 9 ᗎᩥ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ᪥ࡈࢁࡢ㑅ᢥࡸ⾜ືࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞⮬⏤ࢆாཷࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊ㸦capacity㸧ࡸࠊ ⮬ศ࡛ពᛮỴᐃࡋᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊ㸦ability㸧ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚᪥ࠎཷࡅྲྀࡿ ሗࡢ㉁ࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ㑅ᢥࡸ⾜ືࢆࡁࡃᕥྑࡍࡿୡ⏺⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓሗ㏻ಙ࠾ࡅ ࡿᢏ⾡Ⓨ㐩ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡀᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽ࣓ࢹ ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ 1 ࡣࠊᕷẸࡼࡗ࡚ࢡࢭࢫࡉࢀࠊඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿ㔞ࡢሗࡸ▱㆑ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪥ࠎᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡀᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌧ ㇟ࡣࠊᕷẸࡀ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢᶒࠊ▱ࡿᶒࢆ༑ศ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺≧ἣୗ ࠾ࡅࡿࠊሗࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸಙ㢗ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡢᣮᡓ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮㸦MIL 2 㸧ࡣࠊࡲࡉࡇࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊᩍ ᖌࡀࡓࡿኚࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚ഛ࠼࡚࠾ࡃࡓࡵࡢࠊᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡢάືෆᐜࢆᣑࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ࡣࠊࢢࣜࣗࣥࣂࣝࢺᐉゝ 㸦1982㸧ࠊࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜᐉゝ㸦2005㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣘࢿࢫࢥ࣭ࣃ࣭ࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ㸦2007㸧 ࠸ࡗࡓࠊMIL 㛵ࢃࡿࡍ࡚ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺ࠊ㛗ᖺΏࡗ࡚άືᦠࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ ຍ┕ᅜࡗ࡚ࠊ㔜せ࡞㈨ᩱ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ㈨ᩱࡣ㸰ࡘࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚⏬ᮇⓗ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣᮍ᮶ࢆぢᤣ࠼ࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊ᪂⪺ࠊ᭩⡠ࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ බᩥ᭩㤋ᅗ᭩ࢆ୍ࡘࡢᇶ┙⼥ྜࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺⌧ᅾࡢഴྥࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊMIL ࢆึࡵ࡚ໟᣓⓗ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㸰Ⅼ┠ࡣࠊ≉ᩍᖌࡼࡿ⏝ࠊබ ⓗ࡞ᩍဨ㣴ᡂไᗘࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇࢆᛕ㢌⨨࠸࡚タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵఱⓒேࡶࡢⱝ⪅ࡢᡭᒆࡁࠊᇶᮏ⬟ຊࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡁⓎᒎ㏵ୖẁ㝵ࢆసࡾ ୖࡆࡿࡓࡵసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣࡇࡢࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ࡢ‽ഛ࠾࠸࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿయ⣔ⓗ࣭ ໟᣓⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡭẁࢆᑾࡃࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࣓ࢹࠊ ሗࠊICTsࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ◊✲࠸ࡗࡓࠊᖜᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡽࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡗ࡚ⲡ✏ࡀస ࡽࢀࠊぢ┤ࡉࢀࠊṇᙜᛶࢆࡘࡃࡿ࠸࠺㐣⛬ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆస ᡂࡍࡿసᴗࡣ 2008 ᖺጞࡲࡾࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞సᴗࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊୡ⏺୰ࡽ ᑓ㛛ᐙࢆ㞟ࡵࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉␎ࡘ࠸࡚ຓゝࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢྜࢆ⤌⧊ࡋ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ MIL ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆィ⏬ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋḟ㸲ࡘࡢ ᑓ㛛ጤဨࡀ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢⲡ✏ࢆ‽ഛࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸰ࡘ┠ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡗ࡚ⲡ✏ ࡀぢ┤ࡉࢀࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ༡⡿ࠊ࢝ࣜࣈᾏㅖᅜࠊ༡ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࡸ༠ ㆟ࡀ୍㐃ࡢᐇᆅࢸࢫࢺࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸰ᅇ┠ࡢⲡ✏ࡀసᡂࡉࢀࠊゝㄒ ෆᐜࡢ⦅㞟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱⤊☜ㄆࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ㸰ࡘࡢࣃ࣮ࢺศࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯ࡣࠕMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᇶᮏ⌮ᛕࡸタィࠊ࣓ࣥࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ ᴫほࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢࣘࢿࢫࢥ ICTs ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳ࠘ 㸦2008㸧ࢆ ⿵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࣃ࣮ࢺ㸰ࡣ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢヲ⣽࡞ࠕࢥ࠾ࡼࡧࣀࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠖ ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ࡣࠊࣛࣅㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࣟࢩ 1 ከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢᕷẸ ࡽࡢሗᥦ౪ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᕷẸ࣓ࢹࠊ⮬㌟ࡢࡇࢆሗᥦ౪ࡍࡿே㛫࡞ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ ヲ⣽ࡣࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2 ௨ୗࠊᮏᩥ࠾࠸࡚ MIL ⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤࡣ MIL ⾲グࡍࡿ 10 ㄒࠊࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡣࡢゝㄒࡶ⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ࡢ‽ഛࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜ ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ♫ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞᪉ ␎ࡢ୍ࡘࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕMIL ࡢᣦᶆ࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࡢ‽ഛࠊ ࠕMIL Ꮫࢿ ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠖࡢ⤌⧊ࠊࠕᅜᐙࡢ MIL ࡢ᪉㔪᪉␎ࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪ࠖࡢ᥋⥆ࠊࡑࡋ ࡚ ᅜ 㐃 ࡢ ᩥ ᫂ ࡢ ྠ ┕ ༠ ຊ ࡋ ࡚ ࠕ ᅜ 㝿 ⓗ ࡞ MIL ࢡ ࣜ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࣁ ࢘ ࢫ 㸦 International Clearing House㸧ࠖࢆ☜❧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢάືࡶᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣࠗᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⯆࣭ 㛵ᚰࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡇࢆ႐ࡤࡋࡃᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⯆࣭㛵ᚰࡀࣇ࢙ࢬ㸰 ࡢ⛣⾜࠸࠺๓ྥࡁ࡞⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣇ࢙ࢬ㸰ࡣࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢ ᩍဨ㣴ᡂㄢ⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᩍ⫱ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚㠉᪂Ⓨᒎࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ㐣⛬ᦠࢃࡿࡍ࡚ࡢࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࢪࣕࢽࢫ࣭࣮࢝ࢡࣜࣥࢫ㸦Janis Karklins㸧 Assistant Director-General Communication and Information UNESCO 11 ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡀ 1983 ᖺࡽ⣙ 30 ᖺ㛫ࡅࡓ༠㆟ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ฟ᮶ࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࠸࠺᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱ෆᐜࢆసࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆᩍᖌࡀᏛ ⩦ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣒࡛࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡍࠋ ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡀูࠎ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡀࡦࢁࡃ⾜ࡁΏࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆูࠎᩍ࠼ࡿ ࡼࡾࡶ୍⥴ࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡸሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆඣ❺⏕ᚐᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᮏࡣ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᩍᖌࡀ◊ಟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡁࡕࢇࡋࡓ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᮏࡣࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᩍᖌࡣࠊඣ❺⏕ᚐ⮬ศࡢࢃࡿ⠊ᅖࡢෆᐜࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡋ࡛ࡁࡲ ࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡶࡗࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊඣ❺⏕ᚐᩍ࠼ࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡸሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᩍ⫱ࡀࠊᩍᖌࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡕࠊࡉࡽ⌧௦ࡢ♫ ࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠊᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᩍᖌࡀ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ࠊᩍᖌࡣ༢ᑠࡉ࠸ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࢆ⫱࡚ࡓࡾࠊ⌮ゎ࠶ࡿᾘ㈝⪅ࢆ⫱ ࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐨ල࡞ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡸሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓඛ⏕᪉ࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢᩍ⫱ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⌧௦♫ࡸᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛⨨࡙ ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸᪉࡛ࡶࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡸሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ࠾ㄞࡳ ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࣃ࣮ࢺ㸰ࡽጞࡲࡿࢥ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡸ ࣀ࣭ࣥࢥ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸦༢ඖ㸧࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࣘࢽࢵࢺࡦ ࡘࡦࡘከࡃࡢᏛ⩦άືࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࡸሗ ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ࢆᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඛ⏕ࡣ࠾࡞ࡌࡳࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋึࡵ࡚ࡢඛ ⏕ࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡽᏛ⩦άືࢆ㑅ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࣘࢿࢫࢥࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓୡ⏺ᶆ‽ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡸ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆㄞࡲࢀࠊࡈ⮬㌟ࡢᩍ⫱ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳ ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢᐇྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆㄞࡳ᭰࠼࡚ࠊࡑࢀ ࢆඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦⏕ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ⌧⫋ࡢඛ⏕ࡸᩍဨ㣴ᡂᏛࡸᩍ⫋ࢆྲྀࡿᏛ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࣒࡛࠶ࡿྠࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡸሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮⯆㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⯆ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊࣞࣥࢪࡋ࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐᩍ ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ 2011 ᖺ࡛ࡁࡓࡤࡾ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ ྛᅜ࡛ᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾࡼ࠸ࡶࡢᨵၿࡍࡿࡇࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗ ࣒ࣛࢆࡗࡓ᪉ࡣࠊࡗࡓឤࡸᨵၿⅬࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ┘ヂ⪅ࡲ࡛ࡐࡦ㐃⤡ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲ ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡈពぢࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢホ౯ጤဨఏ࠼ࡿᙺ┠ࡶᢸ ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣⱥㄒ࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡞ 7 ࢝ᅜㄒ∧ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ ḟࡢࢧࢺࡽ↓ᩱ࡛ࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publicationsand-communication-materials/publications/full-list/media-and-information-literacycurriculum-for-teachers/ 12 ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛⓏሙࡍࡿ࠸ࡃࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ⪺ࡁ࡞ࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠕࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢศ㔝࡛ 㔜せࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⏝ㄒࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࠕ⾲㇟ࠖヂࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ⌮ゎࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ ࢇࠋពࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ࣓ࢹࡣ⌧ᐇࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࢆᵓᡂࡋ ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠖ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄒᙡ㞟ࡢㄝ᫂ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࡶࡋࡃࡣሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࡇࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊㄒᙡ㞟ࡢㄝ᫂ࡶࣆࣥࡇ ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋⓏሙࡍࡿࠕᢈุⓗࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡢពࡶࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࣓ ࣮ࢪࡋࡀࡕ࡞ࠕྰᐃⓗࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢽࣗࣥࢫ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ゅᗘࡽࢸࢡ ࢫࢺࢆ᳨ドࡋࠊ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࠸࠺ࢽࣗࣥࢫࡢ࠺ࡀ㐺ษ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣓ࢹ ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮⊂≉ࡢᩥ⬦ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࢆࡁࡗࡅࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵ࡍࡿࡢ㈨ᩱࡶ⯆ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁ ࡓ࠸ࡶ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡘ࠸࡚ Web ࡛ࡢ⿵ຓᩍᮦࡣࠊᅜ㐃࣭ࣘࢿࢫࢥ࣭NORDICOM ࡢ༠ຊࡢୗ࡛ FilmpedagogernaFolkets Bio ࡀసᡂࡋ࡚ࠊhttp://www.mil-project.org/ ࡢࢧࢺࡽࠊⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊࢫ࣌ࣥㄒࠊࣛࣅㄒࠊࢫ࢙࣮ࢹࣥㄒࡢᩍᮦࡀ ⏝࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢ⏝ᕼᮃ⪅ࡀከࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࢧࢺࢆసࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡑ ࠺࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᕼᮃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ┘ヂ⪅࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┤᥋ [email protected] ࡲ࡛ࡈ 㐃⤡࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡲࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ┘ヂ⪅ ⏣ṇே mwada㸾u-gakugei.ac.jp ᳃ᮏὒ morimoto㸾cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp ⩻ヂ⪅୍ぴ㸦┠ḟ㡰㸧 ᳃ᮏὒ ᘯ๓Ꮫ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺ 1,ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 6,10,11,⏝ㄒゎㄝ㸧 ⏣ṇே ᮾிᏛⱁᏛ (ࣃ࣮ࢺ 2 ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࠊࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 1,2,3,9) ⏣ᓥ▱அ ࣇ࢙ࣜࢫዪᏛ㝔Ꮫ㸦ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 4,5㸧 ᮧୖ㒓Ꮚ ἲᨻᏛ (ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 7) Ⳣཎ┿ᝅ ⥲ྜ◊✲Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ㸦㝔㸧(ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 8) 㧗ᶫᜨ⨾Ꮚ ἲᨻᏛ (ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 8) ୖᯇᜨ⌮Ꮚ Ṋⶶ㔝Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ㸦ࣀࣥࢥ࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸧 Amilec(Asia-Pacific Media and Information Literacy Education Centre ௦⾲ ᆏᮏ᪪ ἲᨻᏛ) 13 グ ࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝńࠕᢈุⓗࠖヂࡍࡀࠊ࠶ࡆࡘࡽ࠺ᩥྃࢆゝ࠺࠸ࡗࡓព࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᐈほⓗࠊከ㠃ⓗ࠸ࡗࡓព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࠖ࠾ࡅࡿពࡶྠᵝ ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥńࠕ⾲㇟ࠖヂࡍࠋពࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡣ⌧ᐇࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲᥦ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ 14 ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⬟ຊࡢᯟ⤌ ࡳ 15 ᗎㄽ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐17 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ⤫୍ࡍࡿ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐19 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᜠᜨᚲせᛶ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐21 ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ࡞㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐23 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐23 ᨻ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐25 Ẹ⩏ࡢ㆟ㄽ♫ࡢཧຍࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹሗ㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑͐͐͐26 ࣓ࢹሗࡢホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐28 ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧሗࡢ⏕⏘⏝͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐29 ᰾࡞ࡿᩍᖌࡢ⬟ຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐30 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠊMIL ࡢᩍᤵ࣭Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᩍᤵἲ 㝃㘓㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᩍᮦ 16 ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐34 ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐37 ᗎㄽ ୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝࡢ➨ 19 ᮲ࡣࠊ ࠕ ࡍ࡚ேࡣࠊពぢཬࡧ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ᑐࡍࡿᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢᶒࡣࠊᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⮬ᕫࡢពぢࢆࡶࡘ⮬⏤୪ࡧ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡭẁࡼࡾࠊࡲ ࡓࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿྰࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊሗཬࡧᛮࢆồࡵࠊཷࡅࠊཬࡧఏ࠼ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆ ྵࡴࠖ3 グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡼࡾࠊᕷẸࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ ேᶒࡢᜠᜨࢆ༑ศாཷࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 1982 ᖺࡢࢢࣜࣗࣥࣂࣝࢺᐉゝࡼࡗ࡚ᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢᶒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࠕࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⌧㇟㸦the phenomena of communication㸧ࠖᑐࡍࡿᕷẸࡢࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝ࡞ ⌮ゎࠊᕷẸࡢ᪂ᪧ࣓ࢹࡢཧຍࢆಁࡍᨻ࣭ᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡉࡏࡲࡍࠋࡇ ࡢᶒࡣ 2005 ᖺࡢࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜᐉゝࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽᙉㄪࡉࢀࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࡀ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢ୰ᚰ㡯ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᶒࡼࡾ MIL ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ࠕࡍ࡚ࡢேࡧࡀே⏕࠾࠸࡚ಶேⓗࠊ♫ⓗࠊ⫋ᴗⓗࠊᩍ⫱ⓗ┠ᶆࢆຠᯝⓗ㐩ᡂ ࡍࡿࡓࡵሗࢆ᥈ࡋࠊホ౯ࡋࠊ⏝ࡋࠊࡾࡔࡍຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࢹࢪࢱࣝୡ⏺ ࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᶒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᅜᐙ࠾࠸࡚♫ཧຍࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࠖࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᅗ᭩㤋ࡸබᩥ᭩㤋ࡸࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࠸ࡗࡓ࣓ࢹࡸࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡣࠊᕷẸࡀヲ ⣽࡞ሗࢆධᡭࡋࠊุ᩿ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢᙺ❧ࡘྍḞ࡞㐨ලࡋ࡚ࠊᗈࡃㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡣࠊ♫ࡑࢀ⮬యࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊබࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸࡢឤぬࢆ⠏ࡃᡭẁ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⤒㊰ࡣࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ከ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ ཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᕷẸࡣ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡢᶵ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࠊ ࡑࢀࡽ࣓ࢹࡸሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᚲせࡋ ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆ⏝⪅▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊ㸦a㸧Ẹ⩏♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋 ࡸࡑࡢࡢሗᥦ౪ࡢᶵ⬟ࠊ㸦b㸧ሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡸࡑࡢࡢሗᥦ౪ࡀຠᯝⓗᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ἣࠊ㸦c㸧ࡑࢀࡽࡢሗᥦ౪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡸෆᐜࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᶵ ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡢࠊࡘ࠸࡚ࡢྍḞ࡞▱㆑ࢆලయࡋࡲࡍࠋ ྠᵝࡇࡢ▱㆑ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⤒㊰ࢆ᭷ព⩏࡞᪉ἲ࡛⏝⪅ᥦ౪ࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓ⬟ຊࡣࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃㸦ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃㸧ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ഛ࠼ࡓᕷẸࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊᕷẸࡀ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࢆ㧗࠸㉁࡛せồࡍࡿࡇࡘ࡞ ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࢆ㧗࠸㉁࡛ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⎔ቃࢆࠊࡑࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ᕷẸࡣ㞟ᅋ࡛᥎㐍ࡉࡏࡲࡍࠋ ᕷẸࡢᆅ⌮ⓗࠊᩥⓗ࡞೫ᅾ≧ἣࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ ࡳ࠾࠸࡚ࠊሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡣࡢ࣓ࢹࡼࡾࡶ㢧ⴭྲྀࡾᢅࢃࢀࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡣỏ℃ࡍࡿሗࡢከ㠃ⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⤌⧊ࡋ࡚ࡢሗ㐨࣓ ࢹࡣࠊẸ⩏♫ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗᨺ㏦࣓ࢹࡣࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊつไࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ᨺ㏦࣓ࢹ⮬యࡣࡇ࡛ࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊάື⠊ᅖࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ ᪉࡛άᏐ࣓ࢹࡣ㸦⠊ᅖࡀᗈࡍࡂ࡚㸧ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞つไࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᗈ እົ┬࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/udhr/1b_002.html 2012 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 19 ᪥☜ㄆ 17 3 ⠊࡞බඹࡢ┈ࡢㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡓࡵࠊつไ௦ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚⮬つᚊࡢไᗘࡀ ሗ㐨࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⮬つᚊ࠸࠺ไᗘࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ ⌮ほࡸᇶᮏཎ๎ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᕷẸࡣሗ㐨࣓ࢹ≉ᐃࡢ ᮇᚅࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௬ሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡀᮇᚅᛂ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ බࡢᢈุࢆಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣሗ㐨࣓ࢹ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢃࡅ࡛ࡇࡢ ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ࡑࢀ⮬యࠊࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࢆⓎ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ἣ࠸࠺ほⅬ࠾ࡅࡿ ホ౯ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᡂᯝࡀㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅㑏ඖࡉࢀࡿ᪉ἲࡢほⅬ࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿどⅬࢆᥦ౪ ࡋࡲࡍࠋ Ꮚࡶ MIL ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡎᩍᖌࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡇࡣࠊ᭱ึᩍᖌࡽᏊࡶࠊࡑࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗࡣᗈࡃ ♫࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᗈࡵࡿ࠸࠺ᩘຠᯝࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞ᡓ␎࡛ ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊᏊࡶࡀᏛࡰ࠺ࡍࡿពḧࡸࠊ⮬❧ⓗ ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊࡢ⋓ᚓࢆಁࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏊࡶࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ⫱ࡼࡗ࡚⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᩍᖌࡣࡲࡎሗࢆࡘࡳࠊྜ⌮ⓗ ⪃࠼ࡿᕷẸࡢᨭᣢ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᙺࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋḟᩍᖌ୰ᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡽࠊ Ꮫ⩦⪅୰ᚰࡢᩍ⫱ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗ࡞ᡓ␎࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜ ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡤࠊᩍᖌࡣ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࡶࡗ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋMIL ࡢᑟධࡀࠊᩍ⫱ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢኚࡀᩍᖌ ࡢᑓ㛛⬟ຊࡢྥୖ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ㔜せ࡞┠ ᶆ࡛ࡍࠋ 18 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ⤫୍ࡍࡿ ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗ ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㡿ᇦࢆࠊࡦࡘࡢゝⴥࡋ࡚⤫ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋಶࠎࡢព ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅗ㸯 4♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢせ⣲ ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ MIL ࡢ┠ᶆ࠾ࡼࡧᑐ㇟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ሗࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬࢆ Ỵ ᐃࡋࠊὶ㏻ ࡉࡏࡿ ሗࢆ ⨨࡙ࡅࠊ ሗࢡ ࢭࢫࡍࡿ ሗࢆホ ౯ࡍࡿ ሗࢆ ⤌ ⧊ࡍࡿ ሗࢆ ⌮ⓗ ⏝ ࠸ࡿ ሗࢆఏ 㐩ࡍࡿ ሗ᳨⣴ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ICT ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡿ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ 5 Ẹ⩏♫ ࠾ࡅࡿ ࣓ࢹࡢ ᶵ⬟ᙺ ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࣓ࢹࡀࡑ ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ༑ศ Ⓨࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡢ≧ἣࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿ ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ ↷ࡽࡋ࡚࣓ࢹ ࡢෆᐜࢆࢡ ࣜࢸ࢝ࣝホ ౯ࡍࡿ ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧Ẹ ⩏♫ࡢཧ ຍࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ 㛵ࢃࡿ ⏝⪅ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡍ ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆᥦ౪ ࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸦ICTs ࢆྵ ࡴ㸧ࢆࡾ㏉ࡿ ᅗ㸯 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࠾ࡅࡿせ࡞ᡂᯝ࣭せ⣲ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡛ࡣሗࡢࢡࢭࢫホ౯ࠊ⌮ⓗ࡞⏝ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉ ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡛ࡣ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᶵ⬟ࡀࡢࡼ࠺Ⓨࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢࡓࡵ⌮ᛶⓗ࣓ࢹ㛵ࢃࡿ࠸࠺⬟ຊࡀᙉㄪࡉ ࢀࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊ୧᪉ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆྵࢇ࡛ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿከᵝ࡞ᐃ⩏ᴫᛕࡣࠊ ᥈✲ࢆᇶ♏ࡋࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࡢⓎ㐩ࡸࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡸᵝᘧࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹࡸሗ⤒ ㊰᭷ព⩏㛵ࢃࡿ⬟ຊ㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢศ㔝ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡁࡃศ ࡅ࡚㸰ࡘࡢせ࡞Ꮫㄝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣᖜᗈ࠸◊✲㡿ᇦࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࡑࡢࢧࣈ㡿ᇦࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᪉࡛ࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ༢࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮ࡣࡼࡾᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ ᅜ㝿◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡢ༊ู࠾ࡼࡧ㛵㐃ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ᣦࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୗࡀୡ⏺୰ࡢከᵝ࡞ࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄᅗ᭩㤋ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢩࢿ㸦ᫎ⏬㸧࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢤ࣮࣒࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄࢸࣞࣅ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ʄᗈ࿌ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ Ralpf Catts Jesus Lau㸦2008㸧ࡼࡗ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ ICT㸦ሗ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ㏻ಙ㸧ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ┠ ⓗࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ ICT ࡀࡑࢀ㔜せ࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ UNESCO ICT Competency Standards for Teachers , 2008 ࠾࠸࡚༑ศᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 19 4 5 ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄆ㆑ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ᅗ㸰ཧ↷㸧ࠋࡍ࡚ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᮏᩥ᭩ ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡀసᡂࡋࡓ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ᑟධࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸦ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿෆᐜࡢάືࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㢧ⴭ࡞࣏ࣥࢺࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡗᑓ㛛 ⓗ࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࢆᶓ᩿ⓗ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽከࡃ ࡢ⏝ㄒࡣࡇࢀࡽࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ⥆ࡅࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᩥ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶࡛␗ ࡞ ࡿ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ᪉ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡛ ࡋ ࡻ ࠺ ࠋ ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡣ ࠊ ከ ࡃ ࡢ ⤌ ⧊ ࡣ ࣓ ࢹ ࣭ ࣜ ࢸ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ᩍ ⫱ 㸦media education: ME㸧࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮୧᪉ࢆ ᣦࡍ⏝ㄒࡋ࡚⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣘࢿࢫࢥࡀ MIL ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊሗఏ㐩ᇶ┙ࡀ ⼥ྜࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᪥ࡢ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿㄆ㆑ࢆㄪࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡍࡿពᅗࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡢࡇ ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜࠊ ㏵ୖᅜ୧᪉ࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂไᗘ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࢆ㣴ᡂࡍ ࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣࠊ ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆぢ┤ࡋࠊࡼࡾ⏕ࡁࡓᩥ᭩ࡋ࡚࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᨵၿ ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᣮᡓࢆႏ㉳ࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡶど㔝ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ ࣒ࣗࣛࡣ᪤㐣Ẽࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ᭦࡞ࡿ㈇ᢸࢆࡅࡎࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࢥ࣭ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࡳ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᗈ࿌ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᅗ᭩㤋ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢸࣞࣅ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ MIL ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ ࢩࢿ㸦ᫎ⏬㸧 ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢤ࣮࣒࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᅗ㸰 MIL ࡢㄆ㆑ 20 ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࣜࢸࣛ ࢩ࣮ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᜠᜨᚲせᛶ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊேࡧࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ேᶒࠊ≉ࠕࡍ࡚ேࡣࠊពぢ ཬࡧ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ᑐࡍࡿᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᶒࡣࠊᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⮬ᕫࡢពぢࢆ ࡶࡘ⮬⏤୪ࡧ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡭẁࡼࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿྰࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊሗཬ ࡧᛮࢆồࡵࠊཷࡅࠊཬࡧఏ࠼ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆྵࡴࠖ࠸࠺ୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝࡢ➨ 19 ᮲グ㍕ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ㡯ࢆாཷࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࡢ࡞ᜠᜨࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸯㸬ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡢ▱㆑ࢆ῝ࡵࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᕷẸࡋ࡚࢚ࣥࣃ ࣮࣡ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸰㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊẸ⩏♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹሗ⤒㊰ࡢᶵ⬟ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢ㔜せ࡞▱㆑ࠊ࣓ࢹሗࡢᶵ⬟ࢆຠᯝⓗⓎࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞⎔ቃࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡢጇᙜ࡞⌮ゎࠊ࣓ࢹሗࡢᥦ౪⪅ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆⓎ࡛ ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ᇶᮏⓗࢫ࡛࢟ࣝࡍࠋ 㸱㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡀ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓ♫࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬⏤࡛⊂❧ࡋࡓከඖⓗ࡞࣓ ࢹࠊ㛤ࢀࡓሗไᗘࡢⓎᒎࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࡢᜠᜨࢆாཷࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㸯㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ▱㆑ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࠊែᗘ࠸ࡗࡓ⬟ຊࡢయࠊ࡞࠸ࡋ⤌ࡳྜ ࢃࡏࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㸰㸬MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᏊࡶᚲせ࡞㐨ලࡋ࡚ ᐈほⓗᩍ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡀ⮬ᚊࡋࡓࠊ⌮ᛶⓗ࡞ᕷẸࡋ࡚࣓ࢹ ࡸሗ⤒㊰㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㸱㸬ᕷẸࡣࠊሗࡢ⏕⏘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ྠᵝࠊሗࡢᡤᅾ㸦location㸧ࡸᾘ㈝ࡢ࠶ࡾ ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ▱ࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸲㸬㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࡸඛఫẸࠊẸ᪘ⓗ࣐ࣀࣜࢸࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዪᛶࠊ⏨ᛶࠊ࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓ࣐ࣀࣜ ࢸࡣࠊሗ▱㆑ᑐࡋ࡚࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸᑐ➼ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸳㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊᩥ㛫ࡢᑐヰࠊᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ⌮ゎࠊேࡧࡢᩥⓗ࡞⌮ ゎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵྍḞ࡞㐨ලࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ 21 ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ࡞㡯┠ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ᅜࠎࡢᩥ⬦㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡁ࡛ࠊ ྛᩥ⬦༶ࡋࡓゎ㔘ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㐠⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠕࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠊ࣓ࢹሗ⤒㊰㛵ࢃࡿከᵝ ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠖ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᵓ㐀ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࡑࡢ⩦ᚓࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࠊែᗘ࠸ࡗࡓ⬟ຊ ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୍⯡ⓗࠊࡇࡢᩥ᭩ྵࡲࢀࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ௨ୗࡢࡇྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡢᶵ⬟ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡽࡀᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀຠᯝ ⓗᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞᭱㐺࡞≧ἣࡣఱ ʄሗࡢ⏕⏘࣭ไస࠾ࡅࡿ≉ᐃ㸭ᗈ⠊࡞ᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࠊࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍ ʄ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࠊ᳨ドࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᴫᛕ ʄ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᇶᮏⓗ࡞⮬⏤⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢ᥎㐍ྜ⌮ⓗᐤ ࡋ࠺ࡿࠋ≉ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࡞ࡐⱝ࠸ேࡧࡀ࣓ࢹሗࢡࢭࢫࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ ⏝ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺㑅ࡧࠊホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࠊ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗ ᥦ౪⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ ʄ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ ʄ࣓ࢹሗ㛵㐃ࡋࡓࠊಶேࡢ㈐௵ᶒࠊ❧ሙ ʄᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽㸦ୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝ㸧ࠊሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢಖ㞀ࠊ㸦࣊ࢺ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ 6 ࠊ ྡᲠᦆࠊࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡢᐖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸧ࡢே㛫ࡢᶒࡢᐖࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢᶒࡢ㝈 ⏺ ʄ࣓ࢹࡑࡢࡢሗᥦ౪ఱࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡢ㸦つ⠊ࡋ࡚ࡢሗࡢከඖᛶከᵝ ᛶ㸧 ʄሗ※ࠊሗࡢಖ⟶ᩚ⌮ࡢไᗘ ʄࢡࢭࢫࠊ᥈✲ࠊሗࢽ࣮ࢬỴᐃࡢ㐣⛬ ʄ᥈⣴᳨⣴ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ල ʄሗ※ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆྵࡴࠊሗࡢ⌮ゎࠊᩚ⌮ࠊホ౯ࡢ᪉ἲ ʄከᵝ࡞ᵝᘧ࠾ࡅࡿࠊሗࡢ㐀Ⓨ⾲ ʄ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᵝᘧ࠾࠸࡚ࠊሗࢆಖᏑࠊಖ⟶ࠊ⏝ࠊグ㘓ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ ʄಶேⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ♫ⓗࠊᨻⓗ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࠊሗࢆၥ㢟ゎỴࡸពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵ ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࠋᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢ㡯┠ࡣᮏ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡇ ࢁ࠶ࡿࠊMIL ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 6 ᝏࢆ⾲㠃ฟࡋࡓⓎゝ 22 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ MIL 7 㛵ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᐙࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᥦゝࠊᯟ⤌ࡳ㝶ࡋࡓ࣒࡛࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᇶ࡙ࡁࠊせ࡞㸱ࡘࡢ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣐㡿ᇦࡀࠊᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗ ࣒ࣛࡢ୰ࡢᯟࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽ㸱ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡶ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸯㸬Ẹⓗ࡞ᑐヰ♫ཧຍࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹሗ㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑⌮ゎ 㸰㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺሗ※ࡢホ౯ 㸱㸬࣓ࢹሗࢆไసࡋࠊ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆࡾࡔࡍࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽ㸱ࡘࡢࢸ࣮ ࣐ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ᩍᖌࡢᡂ㛗㛵ࡍࡿ㸴ࡘࡢせ࡞㡿ᇦ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ḟ㡫ࡢ⾲㸯 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ ୡ⏺ࠊᆅᇦࠊᅜᐙࡢᡓ␎ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊMIL ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡑࢀక࠺ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊつ⠊ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 㸦ᮏ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣃ࣮ࢺ 㸰ࡢᗎㄽࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣ␗࡞ࡿᩍ⫱ࡸᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ᥇⏝࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᰂ㌾࡞タィ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡶᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࣘࢿࢫ ࢥࡣୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝ➨ 19 ᮲グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞⮬⏤ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿせ⣲ࢆᚲ↛ⓗྵࡴ ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᩍဨྥࡅࡢ MIL ࡀຠᯝⓗ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡁࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵝᘧ࡛ ࠶ࢀࠊMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊࡲࡎᤵᴗ࡛ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᆅᇦⓗࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⎔ቃ࡛ࠊᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡢ୍ 㒊ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌᇶᮏⓗ࡞⮬⏤ᶒࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ᪂⪺ࡸ᭩⡠ࠊࢸࣞࣅࡸࣛࢪ࢜ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨺ㏦࣓ࢹࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢽ ࣮ࣗࢫࡸࡑࡢࡢሗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊάᏐ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧど⫈ぬ࣓ࢹ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊMIL ᩍဨࡢ㣴ᡂࡣࠊඛ㐍ᢏ⾡ࡢࢡࢭࢫ࠸࠺ࡇ␃ࡲࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ ඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ⬦࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊබᖹᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࡣ UNESCO International Expert Group on Teacher Training Curricula for Media and Information Literacy, 2008 ࡢᥦゝ࠾࠸࡚グ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 23 7 ⾲㸯 ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢഃ㠃 せ࡞࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗ ࣒ࣛ㡿ᇦ Ẹⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵࡢ ࣓ࢹሗࡢ▱㆑ ࣓ࢹሗࡢホ ౯ ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⏕ ⏘࣭ไస⏝ ᨻ⟇ࣅࢪࣙࣥ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛ ࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡢ ⫱ᡂ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛ ࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᏊ ࡶࡢ⫱ᡂ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ♫ ࡢ᥎㐍 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ホ౯ ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබ ᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ ౪ࡢ▱㆑ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ ᶵ⬟ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢᶵ⬟ ࡀ༑ศⓎࡉࢀࡿ ≧ἣ ᩍ⫱Ꮫ ᤵᴗࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿ ሗ࣓ࢹࡢ⤫ ྜ ࣓ࢹሗ 8 ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ ࠾ࡼࡧሗ※ࢆホ౯ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ࡢ⌮ ゎ ሗ࠾ࡼࡧ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸ ࢡࢫࢺࡀࡢࡼ࠺⏕ ⏘ࡉࢀࡿࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊሗࡢ♫ᩥ ⓗᩥ⬦ࠊ࣓ࢹไస ࡀࠊᕷẸࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ ࠺⏝ࡉࢀࠊఱࡢ┠ⓗ ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿ ၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ ከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ ౪ࡢෆᐜࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠊ⏝⪅ഃ ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥ ࢶࡑࡢ⏝ ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅ࡞ࡢά ࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢࡼ Ꮠ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ ࠺࡞ᨺ㏦࣓ࢹ බᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊ ᭩⡠ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࡞ ࡼࡿሗ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊࢯ࣮ࢩ ࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊሗ ὶ㏻ᇶ┙㸦ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡞㸧ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࢽ࣮࣓ࣗࢹ ⤌⧊⟶⌮యไ ᤵᴗ㐠Ⴀࡢ▱㆑ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ༠ാ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ ᩍᖌࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗 ᕷẸᩍ⫱ࠊᑓ㛛⪅㞟 ᅋࡢཧຍࠊ⮬ศࡓ ࡕࡢ♫ࡢ⤫ࡢࡓ ࡵࡢࠊMIL 㛵ࡍࡿ ▱㆑ ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡓࡵ ࡢ࣓ࢹሗ※ ࡢホ౯࠾ࡼࡧ⟶⌮㐠 Ⴀ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉᶍ ⠊ⓗ࡞ᕷẸࠊᩍᖌ ᏊࡶࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࡢ᥎㐍 ⏝ࡢᨭᣢ 8 ࡇࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ഃ㠃ᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢ㸴ࡘࡢせ⣲ࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡓࡵࠊICTs ࡣࠕ࣓ ࢹሗࠖ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ ICT ࡀࡑࢀ㔜せ࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡑࡢศ㔝ࡀ UNESCO ICT Competency Standards for Teachers , 2008 ࠾࠸࡚༑ศᢅ ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 24 ᨻ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋ ࡍ࡚ࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࠾࠸࡚ MIL ࢆయ⣔ⓗࡘ㐍ⓗᑟධࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ᅛࡓࡿࡶࡢ ࡍࡿࡣࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡀᚲ㡲࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊᅜᐙ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬ ⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬⏤㛵㐃ࡍࡿㅖᅜ㝿ἲ MIL ᨻ⟇ࡢඹ㏻㒊ศࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡇࡽጞࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋMIL ࡢᨻ⟇ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊMIL ࢆ ᨭ ᣢ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ᩍ ᖌ ࡣ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᙺ ࢆ ᢸ ࠼ ࡿ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ Ⅼ ࡀ ၥ 㢟 ࡞ ࡾ ࡲ ࡍ ࠋ᪤ MIL ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀ㛵ࢃࡾࠊ᭱᪂ࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠊMIL ࡣࠊࡢ ⛬ᗘᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᶆ‽ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ᐇ㊶ࢆᫎࡍࡿࡢࠊMIL ࡣࡢࡼ࠺᭱᪂ࡢࡶࡢ᭦᪂ࡉ ࢀ࠺ࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃ࡣࠊ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵ࡍࡿࠕᨻ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋࠖ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ ᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊᨻ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡽᨻ ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋࡀᩍᖌᏊࡶ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࡞ ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋ᭱⤊ⓗࠊࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ♫ࡢ᥎㐍࠾࠸ ࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡢᙺࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 25 Ẹ⩏ࡢ㆟ㄽ♫ࡢཧຍࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹሗ㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ ࡇࡢᖜᗈ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿᐈほⓗ࡞⌮ゎࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ ࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹሗࡀ࣓ࢹࢆ᪥ᖖⓗ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᩍᖌᏊࡶࠊᕷ Ẹࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࠊ࣓ࢹሗࡀ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊከᵝᛶࠊᩥ㛫ࡢᑐ ヰᐶᐜࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ල࡛࠶ࡾࠊẸⓗ࡞㆟ㄽⰋ࠸⤫ᐤࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡢᅗ᭩㤋 බᩥ᭩㤋ࡸࡑࡢࡢሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺⏝ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋᅗ㸱ࡣࡇࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣ࣓ࢹሗࡢᶵ⬟㔜せᛶ㛵ࡍࡿከᵝ࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆ㔜ᒙⓗ ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹሗࡢᶵ⬟㔜せᛶ㛵ࡍࡿከᵝ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᕷẸࡀ࠾࠸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢఏ㐩⤒㊰ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ ʄ≀ㄒࠊࢹሗࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿ ʄᨻᗓࠊ⤫ไࡉࢀ➇ྜࡍࡿ⚾ⓗ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅㛫ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠࡞ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿ ʄከᵝ࡞♫ࡢࢡࢱ࣮㛫▱ࡽࡉࢀࡿ㆟ㄽࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊẸⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡼࡗ࡚⣮தࡢゎỴ ⟇ࢆ᥈ࡿ ʄ♫⮬యࡀᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢព㆑ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ ʄᅜᐙෆ࠾ࡼࡧᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᩥⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡸᩥⓗ⤖᮰ࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭẁࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ ʄᨻᗓࡢ┘ど⪅㸦watchdog㸧ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋࠊ୍⯡⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿ㏱᫂ᛶࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊᶒຊࡼ ࡿ⭉ᩋࡸለⴠࢆ㜵ࡄබࡢ┘ど⪅࡞ࡿࠋ ʄ⤒῭ຠ⋡ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ㐨ලࡋ࡚ാࡃ ʄẸⓗ࡞㐣⛬ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊ⮬⏤࡛බṇ࡞㑅ᣲࢆಖドࡍࡿࡇࢆᡭຓࡅࡍࡿ ʄሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡢࡼ࠺ࠊከᵝ࡞౯್ほࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ♫ࡢᨭᣢ⪅࠾ࡼ ࡧࢡࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚άືࡍࡿ ʄᅗ᭩㤋ࡢࡼ࠺♫ࢆ㞟✚ⓗグ㘓ࡍࡿᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍ ʄሗࡢ㏻㊰࡞ࡿ ʄ୍⯡ᕷẸࢡࢭࢫࡢ᪉ἲࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࢹࣂࢻ㸦ሗ᱁ᕪ㸧ࢆ ᇙࡵࡿ ʄᅗ᭩㤋ࡀሗࡢᥦ౪⪅ࠊᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡞ࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ ʄᅗ᭩㤋࠾࠸࡚ࡍ࡚ࡢ✀㢮ࡢሗ※ࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺᥎㐍ࡍࡿ ʄᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࠊᏛࡪࡇࠊᏛࡪࡓࡵࡢᏛࡧ㸦ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸧 ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ ʄᅗ᭩㤋⏝⪅ࢆᩍ⫱ࡍࡿ 㸦UNESCO Media Development Indicators, 2008 ࡽࡢᘬ⏝㸧 ㏱᫂ᛶࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵ࠊᕷẸࡢཧຍ࠸ࡗࡓࠊⰋ࠸⤫ࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᰕࡣࠊ㛤ࢀࡓ࣓ ࢹሗࡢไᗘ࡞ࡋ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢไᗘࡣຊᙉ࠸ᕷẸ♫ ࡸࠕᕷẸᩥࠖࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᙺ┠ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᶵ⬟ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡇࢆྵ ࡳࡲࡍࠋ ʄ⌮ゎྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ␗࡞ࡿே㛫ࡢ㞟ᅋ㛵ಀࡍࡿ▱㆑ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍ ʄㄔᐇࡉࢆႏ㉳ࡋࠊẸ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ౯್ほᡭẁᑐࡍࡿ㈐௵ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡲࡍ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㓄៖ࡋࠊᏊࡶࡢ౯್ほࡸ ኌ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡿࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᤵᴗᐇ㊶࠾࠸࡚࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⤌ࡳ ㎸ࡴࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆఙࡤࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢෆᐜࢆᩍᖌᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢㄢ 㢟ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡀ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢࡓࡵ࣓ࢹሗ※ࡢࡼ࠺㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ 26 ␗࡞ࡿ⌮ゎどⅬࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡓࡵಶࠎࡢኌࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ ࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡣࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧ࠾ࡅࡿᖜᗈ࠸ཧຍࢆເࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏝ྍ ⬟࡞ᇶ┙ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡍࠋබ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ㐲㝸ᆅᏛ⩦㸦open and distance learning: ODL㸧ࡸࠊ ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᑓ㛛▱㆑࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖ㸦continuing professional development: CPD㸧࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᅜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ␗࡞ࡿ࣓ࢹ ሗ※ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᩍᖌࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢཧຍࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࢃࢀࡿࡢࢆ♧ ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ␗࡞ࡿ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࡸ␗࡞ࡿᆅᇦ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿᩍᖌࡣࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ ᐇ㊶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ Ẹ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫ ࣓ࢹ ࣭ ሗ ࣜࢸ ࣛ ࢩ ࣮ ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᕷẸ ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗ ᥦ౪ ᅗ㸱 Ẹ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫࠾ࡅࡿ MIL ࡢ㔜せᛶ 27 ࣓ࢹሗࡢホ౯ ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡣࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࡍ࡚ࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ ࡢᩍ⛉࠾࠸࡚୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋఱࡋࡽၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡇࡣࠊከᵝ࡞㈨ᩱ࠾ࡅࡿ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺሗࡢᢈุⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢᶵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗࡼࡾᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᶵ⬟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ㈨ᩱሗࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍᖌࡢ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉ ࡏࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢไᗘࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓᙺࡽ㐓⬺ࡋࡓ ࠊᩍᖌࡀ᥇ࡾ࠺ࡿάື㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣ࣓ࢹࡢࢥࣥ ࢸࣥࢶࡑࡢࡢሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺⏕⏘ࡉࢀࡿࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺⌧ᅾࡢሗไᗘࡀホ౯ࡉ ࢀ࠺ࡿࡢࠊ࣓ࢹሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿ┠ⓗᛂࡌ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡢࠊࡘ࠸ ࡚⌮ゎࡋ᳨ウ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᩍᖌࡣከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹሗไ ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢㄢ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋࠊᆅᇦ࠾ࡼࡧୡ⏺ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡀከᵝᛶ ࡸከඖᛶྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶⓎぢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᭱ᚋࠊᩍᖌࡣᏊࡶࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪከᵝ࡞ሗ※ࡽࡢሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺ ゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 28 ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧሗࡢ⏕⏘⏝ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡣ࣓ࢹሗࡢᇶ┙㛵ࢃࡿ⬟ຊࠊ᭷ព⩏࡞ࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⬟ຊࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⬟ຊࡣࠊᅜ㝿 ⓗ࡞⌮ᇶ‽ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᩥ㛫ࡢᐶᐜᛶᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ࣓ࢹ⌮ࡸሗ⌮ࡢ▱㆑ࡶྵࡲࢀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᣦᑟୖࡢ┠ⓗࡸᏊࡶࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᚲせᛶࡽసᡂࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮ࡢᩍᮦࡸ㐨ලࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ᥇⏝ࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ⋓ᚓࡍࡁࢫ࡛࢟ࣝࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊ ≉᥈✲άືࡸ࣓ࢹไస࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡣᏊࡶࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ㐨ල㈨ᩱࢆᏛ⩦࠾࠸ ࡚⏝ࡍࡿᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣓ ࢹ ไ స ⏝ ࡣ ࠊ Ꮚ ࡶ ࡀ ⮬ ศ ࡛ ㄪ ᰝ ࢆ ࡋ ࠊ ┬ ⓗ ᛮ ⪃ ࢆ ዡ ບ ࡍ ࡿ Ꮚ ࡶ୰ ᚰ 㸦 student-centred 㸧 ࡢ ᩍ ᤵ ἲ ࢆ ᥎ 㐍 ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡁ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ Ⅽ ࡍ ࡇ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ Ꮫ ࡪ 㸦learning by doing㸧ࡇࡣࠊ21 ୡ⣖࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑⋓ᚓࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹไస ࡣࠊάືཧຍྍ⬟࡞⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࣓࣮ࢪࢆไసࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏊࡶ ࡀⅭࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫࡪࡼ࠺࡞ࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊᏊ ࡶࡀཧຍᆺࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᙺࢆ ᯝࡓࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊ᪂ᪧ୧᪉ࡢ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ᅽಽⓗ࡞⯆ࢆᘬࡁࡘࡘ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᇶ┙ࢆࡋ࡚⏝⪅ࡀ┦ὶࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊⱝ⪅ࡀ ከᵝ࡞㏻ಙᇶ┙ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢡࢭࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ࡞⌮⏤࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃつไࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࣇࣜ࢝ࡸ༡ࢪ࡛ࡣࠊᕷẸࡀᦠ ᖏ࣓ࢹࢡࢭࢫࡋࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ㏦ཷಙࡋࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ⏕άᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞♫ⓗ࣭ ᨻⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ㆟ㄽཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࢡࢭࢫࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᩍᖌࡀ࣓ࢹࡢไస࣭⏝ࠊᣦᑟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢሗ㛵ࡋ࡚⬟ຊ⮬ಙࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇ࡛ࠊᩍᖌࡣᏛᰯࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛ࡍࠋከᵝ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ ⇍㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊᩍᖌࡣᏛᰯไᗘࡸᗈ⠊࡞♫࠾࠸࡚ MIL ࡢඃ⚽࡞ᐇ㊶⪅࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 29 ᰾࡞ࡿᩍᖌࡢ⬟ຊ ⾲㸰ࡣ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࡁ࡞┠ᶆࠊࡑࢀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡣ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࠾ࡅࡿྛせ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡀ⋓ᚓࢆᮇᚅࡉ ࢀࡿ᰾࡞ࡿ⬟ຊ࡛ࡍࠋᩍᖌࡀ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ㡿ᇦ㛵ಀࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆࡢ⛬ᗘྥୖࡉࡏ ࡿࡢࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⾲㸰ࡣయࡢᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿᡂᯝࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡁࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ ࡋ࡚ᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⾲㸰 ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ┠ᶆᩍᖌࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㡿ᇦ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ┠ᶆ ᩍᖌࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ ᨻ⟇ぢ㏻ࡋ MIL ᚲ せ ࡞ ᨻ ⟇ ぢ㏻ࡋᩍᖌࡀᩄ ឤ࡞ࡿࡇ ᩍᖌࡣ MIL ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ᨻ⟇ࠊࡑࢀ ࡽᨻ⟇ࡀᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᩍᖌࡣ MIL ࡀ⏕ࡁࡿຊࡸᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡢᩥ⬦ࡢࡼ࠺ ᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛホ ౯ MIL ᩍ ᮦ ⏝ ࢆ ᙉㄪࡍࡿࡇ ᩍᖌࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡀᏛᰯࡢ࢝ࣜ ࣒࡛࢟ࣗࣛࡢࡼ࠺ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ ሗ※ࢆሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡸࡑࡢࡢሗࢆẚ㍑ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝホ౯࡛ࡁࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࣓ࢹሗ※ࡽᖜᗈ ࠸ุ᩿ᮦᩱࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣᏊࡶࡀ MIL ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ ⋓ᚓࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜ ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᅗ᭩㤋ࡸබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࡍ࡚ࡢ⠊ᅖࡢ ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ ሗᥦ౪㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ ᩍᖌࡣࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ࣓ࢹᵝᘧᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ▱ࡾࠊ ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋάᏐ࣓ࢹࡽ᪂ ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࡲ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡛⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢫ࢟ ࣝࢆᩍᖌࡣྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣከᵝ࡞ ࣓ࢹሗ※ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡀᢈุⓗᛮ ⪃ࡸၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࢆ⋓ᚓࡋྥୖ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⤌⧊⟶⌮㐠Ⴀ ᩍᖌࡀࡍ࡚ࡢᩍ࠼ ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ ຠᯝⓗཧຍࡋࠊࡑ ࢀࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ࣓ࢹሗᩍᮦ ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡓࡵࡢᤵ ᴗ✵㛫ࢆ⤌⧊ࡍࡿ⬟ ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ ᤵᴗ㐠Ⴀࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᩍᖌࡣࠊᕷẸᩍ⫱ࡸ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵ࣓ࢹ ࡸከᵝ࡞ሗࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ᭱ 㝈ά⏝ࡍࡿ≧ἣࢆࡾࡔࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ⏕࠸❧ࡕࡸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮೫ぢࡢ ࡞࠸どⅬࡸࠊከᵝ࡞ほⅬࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿ✵㛫ࢆࡾ ࡔࡋࠊᏛ⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢࡘᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ 30 ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸ ࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ ࠊᩍᖌࡀ⮬㌟ࡢᩍ ⫱ᐇ㊶ࢆኚࡉࡏ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡇ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᩍᖌࡣࠊⰋ࠸⤫ࡸⓎ㐩ࠊᩥ㛫ࡢᑐヰࡢ ほⅬࡽ MIL ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᏊࡶࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᏛࡪ᭱ึࡢẁ㝵ࡋ࡚ࠊᏊ ࡶࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᑐ ᛂ㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᏊ ࡶࡗ࡚ព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࢆࡾࡔࡋࠊ Ꮚࡶࡀᑗ᮶ࡢᕷẸࡋ࡚ࡢ⣲㣴ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࠊᩍᖌࡣ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࠊ᥈✲ࡢ㐨ලࠊ MIL ࡢᵓ㐀ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᩍᖌࡢᑓ㛛⬟ຊࡢ ྥୖ ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ ྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ ሗᩍᮦ↔Ⅼ ࢆᙜ࡚ࡓᩍဨ㣴ᡂࢆ ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ ᩍᖌࡣሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ ᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ⮬ࡽ ࡀᑓ㛛⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍ⛉ࡢ▱㆑ ᩍᤵἲࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࡼࡾᐇࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣࠊ㸷ࡘࡢࢥ ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠊ㸰ࡘࡢࣀࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱ࡘࡢࣀࣥࢥ࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣᩍᖌᩍဨ㣴ᡂᶵ㛵ࡀ᥇⏝ྍ⬟࡞ෆᐜάືࡢᴫせࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௨ୗࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࡢࣜࢫࢺࡣࠊMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠊࣘࢽࢵࢺࠊ ࢸ࣮࣐ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩍᖌࡀࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ㏻ࡌࡓάືࡼࡗ࡚⋓ᚓࡍࡁ≉ᐃࡢ ▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢ≉ᐃࡢ MIL ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛసᡂࡢࡓࡵࣔ ࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿᅜࡸᶵ㛵ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊࡢ༙ࡀ⩦ᚓࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆస ᡂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸯㸸Ẹ⩏♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹሗࡢᙺࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯 ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊẸⓗ࡞ ᑐヰࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸷 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊMILࠊᏛ⩦Ɇࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㡬Ⅼ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡢᶵ⬟ࡘ ࠸࡚ᩄឤ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࡸሗࢆ▱ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࡢពᛮỴᐃࡗ࡚㔜 せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸯ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄẸ⩏♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪㛵ࡍࡿබ┈ⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊㄝ᫂ ࡋࠊホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ʄୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝ➨ 19 ᮲࡛ಖ㞀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࡢ⮬⏤ࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ ேᶒࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᇶᮏᴫᛕࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ 31 ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠊࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉẸ⩏ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆゎ㔘ࡋㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢከඖᛶࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡀᩥ㛫ࡢᑐヰᯝࡓࡍᙺࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ ࡞ࡐࡑࢀࡽࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄබ┈ᛶࡢ㝈⏺ࢆྵࡵࠊ᳨ドࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀᐖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡁࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸰㸸࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࡑࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱 ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⾲㇟ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲 ࣓ࢹሗ࠾ࡅࡿゝㄒ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 10 ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳 ᗈ࿌ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊேࡧࡀ࣓ࢹࢆබⓗ࣭⚾ⓗ⏝࠸ ࡿ᪉ἲࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᕷẸ࣓ࢹࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠊ࣓ࢹࡀከᵝ࡞┠ⓗ࡛⏝࠸ ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ▱㆑⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡍࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸰ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࠊᩥ⬦౯್ほࡢ㛫࠶ࡿ㛵ಀᛶࢆ ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ㛵ಀᛶࢆࡾࡔࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿᅛᐃほᛕࢆศᯒࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿ㞟ᅋࡀࠊ ⪅ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆࡑࡑࡿ᪉ἲࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࡸࠊᅛᐃほᛕࢆỌ⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡓ ࡵᫎീ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡿᢏ⾡ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࠋ ʄᅜ㝿ᇶ‽ࡸつᐃࡍࡿከᵝ࡞ᢏἲࡀᗈ࿌⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊศᯒࡋࠊᢈ ุࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹሗࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊㄗࡗࡓࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࠊࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢḞⴠࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࠋ ʄබඹᨺ㏦ࡢ㔜せᛶ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸱㸸ຠᯝⓗࡘຠ⋡ⓗሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯 ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊẸⓗ࡞ ᑐヰࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸵 ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵᣮᡓ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸶 ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞✀㢮ࡢ ሗࢆ≉ᐃࡋࠊຠᯝⓗࡘຠ⋡ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ሗࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸱ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ 32 ʄㄪᰝࡸሗࢆ㞟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⮬㌟ࡀᚲせࡍࡿሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢຠᯝⓗࡘຠ ⋡ⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ㑅ࡪࠋ ʄᚲせ࡞ሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡸ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⏝ㄒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࡢ₯ᅾⓗ࡞㈨ᩱ㛵ࡍࡿከᵝ࡞✀㢮ࡸᵝᘧࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࡢỴᐃࡸ㑅ᢥࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸲㸸ሗሗ※ࢆࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝホ౯ࡍࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸵 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸶 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸷 ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⾲㇟ ᗈ࿌ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵᣮᡓ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊMILࠊᏛ⩦Ɇࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㡬Ⅼ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝሗሗ※ࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ ၥ㢟ゎỴࡸࢹࡢศᯒࡢࡓࡵሗࢆྲྀᤞ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸲ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄሗከᵝ࡞ሗ※ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡸጇᙜᛶࠊṇ☜ࡉࠊṇᙜᛶࠊ㐺ᛶࠊ೫ࡾࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡑࢀࡽሗࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗ࣓ࢹ㸦࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠊࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜࠊᗈ࿌ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ␒⤌࡞㸧ࢆホ౯ࡍ ࡿࡓࡵከᵝ࡞ᇶ‽㸦᫂☜ࡉࠊṇ☜ࡉࠊຠᯝࠊ೫ࡾࠊᐇࡢ㛵ಀ࡞㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄ೫ぢࠊ⟇␎ࠊ᧯సࡘ࠸࡚ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࡀࡾࡔࡉࢀࡿࡁࡢᩥⓗࠊ♫ⓗࠊࡑࡢࡢᩥ⬦ࡘ࠸࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊሗࡢゎ㔘 ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿᩥ⬦ࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᖜᗈ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᛮ⪃ࡢࡼ࠺㛵㐃ࡍࡿ◊ ✲ࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࡅຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ౯್ほࠊ▩┪ࠊࡑࡢࡢ⊂≉࡞≉ᚩࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪂ ᪧࡢ▱㆑ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋ ʄࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᰿ᣐࠊ㐨ලࡸ᪉␎ࡼࡗ࡚㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓሗࡢ㝈⏺ࠊ⤖ᯝࡢྜ⌮ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ၥ ࢆᢞࡆࡅࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊṇ☜ࡉࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢከᵝ࡞᪉ἲࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⤖ᯝࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠊ ୍⯡ࡍࡿࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓᮦᩱࢆ⥲ྜࡍࡿࠊほⅬࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵᫎീ࣓ࢹࡢሗࡸ࣓࣮ ࢪࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࠊ₯ᅾⓗ࡞೫ࡾࢆุ᩿ࡋࠊ⫼ᚋ㞃ࡉࢀࡓពࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ ࢆ⬺ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸳㸸᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹᵝᘧࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸴 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸵 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲 ᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵᣮᡓ ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⾲㇟ ࣓ࢹሗ࠾ࡅࡿゝㄒ 33 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊሗࢆ㞟ࡋࠊពᛮỴᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢶ࣮ࣝࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ ࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸳ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢶ࣮ࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᇶᮏࠊ␗࡞ࡿ┠ⓗ࠾ ࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿᩥ⬦࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡀ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄάᏐ࣓ࢹࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹ࡞ࠊከᵝ࡞ᵝᘧࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ ⮬㌟ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵᖜᗈ࠸࣓ࢹ࣭ࠕࢸࢡࢫࢺࠖࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ሗ᳨⣴ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ʄⱝ⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗ࡛ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸴㸸࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࡢ♫ᩥⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ࢆぢᐃࡵࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯 ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊẸⓗ࡞ ᑐヰࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱 ࣓ࢹሗࡢ⾲㇟ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 11 ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ᩥ⬦࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࡀ♫ⓗ࣭ᩥⓗᩥ⬦ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿࡇ㛵ࡋ࡚▱㆑⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸴ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࡀ≉ᐃࡢຠᯝࡸ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹ⮬㌟ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡸᮇ ᚅࡼࡗ࡚᧯సࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࢆศᯒࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄከᵝ࡞ほⅬࡸࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆไసࡍࡿࠋ ʄᩥ㛫ࡢᑐヰࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄẸⓗ࡞ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉᩥⓗከᵝᛶࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࠊ ேࡧࡼࡗ࡚ཷᐜࡉࢀࠊࡾࡔࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝホ౯ࡍ ࡿࠋ ʄᫎീ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿព࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀࠊ⦅㞟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⦅㞟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿどⅬࡀḞࡅࡓࡾࠊどⅬࡀ㞃ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ≉ᐃࡢᛮ ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞ࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸵㸸Ꮚࡶࡢ MIL ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊᚲせ࡞ኚࢆ㐙ࡆࡿ ࡇࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ MIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯 ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊẸⓗ࡞ ᑐヰࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸷 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊMILࠊᏛ⩦Ɇࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㡬Ⅼ ࡣᏛ⩦Ẹⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹሗࠊࡑࡢࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡶࡇࡢ⬟ຊ 34 ⛉㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᏊࡶࡸ⟶⌮㐠Ⴀࡢኚࡢ୰ ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࡢカ⦎ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⋓ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ MIL ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸵ࡢ⩦ᚓ┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄከᵝ࡞Ꮚࡶࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ⏕άᛂࡌ࡚࣓ࢹసရࡸ࣓ࢹฟ᮶ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ゎ㔘 ࡋ⏝ࡍࡿࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࠾ࡅࡿᏊࡶࡢࢫ࢟ࣝ⋓ᚓࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢከᵝ࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡸ άືࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋࠊᐇࡍࡿࠋ ʄᚲせ࡞ሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵ᭱㐺࡞᪉ἲ㸦ሗ᳨⣴ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞㸧ࢆᏊࡶࡀ㑅ࡪ ࡓࡵࡢᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ʄᏊࡶࡀሗࡸሗ※ࢆࠊ᪤ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑㛵ಀࡍࡿሗࢆࡅ㊊ࡍࡇ࡛ࠊࢡࣜ ࢸ࢝ࣝホ౯ࡍࡿᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࠋ ʄᏊࡶྠኈࡀ✚ᴟⓗ᥈✲ࡋࠊ༠ാࡋࠊ⮬⏤࡛࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡓ ࡵຠᯝⓗ࡞ゝㄒⓗࠊ㠀ゝㄒⓗࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄᏊࡶࡀࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝሗࢆㄞࡳࠊど⫈ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆఙࡤࡍࡓࡵࡢࠊබᘧ࣭㠀 බᘧ࡞ホ౯᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡋ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ʄᏊࡶࡀࡼࡾཧຍⓗᏛ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺⎔ቃࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ㐨 ලࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄ≉Ꮫᰯ㐲࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏊࡶ㸦ⓏᰯᣄྰࠊⓏᰯࠊ㐲㝸ᆅࡢᏊࡶ࡞㸧ࡢࡓࡵ ࠊ᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᰯᏛᰯእࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࢆࡘࡃࡿࠋ ʄᏊࡶࡀᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵ ICT ࣓ࢹᩍᮦࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡢࢆᨭࡋࠊ࠸᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ ICT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄᖜᗈ࠸Ꮫ⩦ࡢཧຍࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄㄪᰝᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᏊࡶࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢆఙ ࡤࡍࡓࡵࠊ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹሗࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵ಀࡍࡿ⌮ၥ㢟ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᏊ ࡶࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢆఙࡤࡍࡓࡵࠊ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ 35 ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠊMIL ࡢᩍᤵ࣭Ꮫ⩦࠾ࡅࡿᩍᤵἲ ௨ୗࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡣࠊMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠾ࡅࡿࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝయࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࡿᤵᴗ ᪉ἲࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸯㸬ㄢ㢟᥈✲ ㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡣࠊ⌧௦♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡢ᥈✲ά ື㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡃᏊࡶ୰ᚰࡢᏛ⩦᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡣࠊ᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡸၥ㢟ゎỴᏛ⩦ࠊ ពᛮỴᐃ㛵ࡍࡿᏛ⩦㛵㐃ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࢆከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡣᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ௨ୗࡢ ᥈✲ࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ᥈✲ࡢẁ㝵ࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᗏ࠶ࡿែᗘࡸಙ᮲ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࠊㄢ㢟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡿᐇཎ๎ࢆ ᫂ࡽࡋࠊ᰿ᣐࢆⓎぢࡋࠊᩚ⌮ࡋࠊศᯒࡍࡿࡇࠊㄢ㢟ࢆゎ㔘ࡋゎỴ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࠊ ゎỴ⟇ࢆᐇ㝿⾜ື⛣ࡋࠊྛẁ㝵ࡢ⤖ᯝᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣㄢ㢟ࢆ ῝ࡃ᥈✲ࡍࡿᶵࢆᏊࡶ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ MIL ࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸰㸬ၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦㸦Problem Based Learning㸧 ၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ၥ㢟ゎỴ᪉ἲ ࢆྠఙࡤࡍࡓࡵࡢࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨᣦᑟࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡍࠋၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡣඖࠎ ࢝ࢼࢲ࣭࢜ࣥࢱࣜ࢜ᕞࡢ࣐ࢡ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮Ꮫࡢ་Ꮫ㒊࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ ᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࢆࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝ῝ࡃ᥈✲ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᏊࡶࡀಶࠎࡢ▱㆑㞟✚ ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࠊ㧗ᗘ⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡓࠊ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡢᙧែ࡛ࡍࠋᏛ⩦┠ⓗࠊ᥈✲ㄢ㢟᪉ ἲࠊᡂᯝࡣࡍ࡚Ꮚࡶࡼࡗ࡚⪃࠼ฟࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡢࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞࣐࣮ ࢣࢸࣥࢢ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢタィࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸱㸬⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ ⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡀ⮬↛ୡ⏺ࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࡾࠊⓎぢࡋࡓドᣐᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡾࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡿከᵝ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆཧ⪃ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ᥈✲ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ᥈✲ࡢࢧࢡ ࣝࡤࢀࡿ୍㐃ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ᥈✲ࡢࢧࢡࣝࡣࠊほᐹࠊၥࡢᥦ㉳ࠊ ᪤Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࠊㄪᰝィ⏬ࠊᐇ㦂ࡽࢃࡗࡓドᣐࡽ᪤▱ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱㆑ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟࣭ศᯒ࣭ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ㐨ලࢆ࠺ࡇࠊ⤖ᯝࢆㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿࡇࠊ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࠊ࠸ࡗࡓάືࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ㝿ࡶ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ࡢࡣࠊ࣓ࢹᭀຊࡢᙳ㡪ࡢㄪᰝࡸࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࡢㄪᰝࡶྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㸲㸬◊✲ ◊✲ࡣࠊ༢⊂ࡢ㇟ࡸฟ᮶ࢆ῝ࡃ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࡣࣁ࣮ ࣂ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᖜᗈࡃᐇ㊶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢫ ࢡ࣮࡛ࣝࡣࠊᏊࡶࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᐇ㝿ࡢᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕άࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣࠊMIL ࡢᏛ⩦㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᏊࡶࡣ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗ᪥ࠎࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ◊ ✲ࡣฟ᮶ࢆほᐹࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡵࠊሗࢆศᯒࡋࠊ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ࠸࠺య⣔ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ 36 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏊࡶࡗ࡚ࡣ᥈✲ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡣࠊฟ᮶ ࡸ㇟ࡀ࡞ࡐࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡾ῝࠸⪃ᐹࡸ⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࡣࡑࢀ⮬యࡀ௬ㄝࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸳㸬༠ാᏛ⩦ ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡀඹ㏻ࡢ┠ᶆྥࡗ୍࡚⥴సᴗࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ༠ ാᏛ⩦ࡣ༢⣧࡞ே୍⤌ࡢసᴗࡽࠊࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ᙧែࡢసᴗࡲ࡛ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᙧែࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞సᴗࡣࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᏛ⩦ 9ࡸࢪࢢࢯ࣮Ꮫ⩦ 10 ࠊᏊࡶྠኈ࡛㉁ၥࡋ࠶࠺ࡇ 㸦guided peer-questioning㸧ࠊ┦ᩍ࠼࠶࠺ࡇ࡞ࠊᴫᛕⓗ࡞⌮ゎ㧗ḟࡢᛮ⪃⬟ຊ ࡢⓎᒎࠊࡼࡾಶேⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊᏛᰯ⮬ᕫᑐࡍࡿ๓ྥࡁ࡞ែᗘࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᗈ⠊ ᅖࢃࡓࡗ࡚㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᤵᴗࡢᏛၥⓗ࡞␗㉁ᛶࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࠸࠺ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᏛ⩦ ࡀྵࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ࠸ࢹᏛ⩦ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ ࢹᩍ⫱ࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡢࡣࠊ࢘࢟✵㛫 11 ࠾ࡅࡿ༠ാసᴗ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸴㸬ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ Ꮚࡶࡣከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹࡢ✀㢮࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡸỴࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌ ࡚ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢグྕⓗ࡞ศᯒࡣࠊᇶᮏᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞⌮ゎࡢ㐩ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᏊࡶࡣゝㄒࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡸỴࡲࡾ㸭 ⣙᮰ࡀࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ྥࡅ࡚≉ᐃࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡾࡔࡍࡓࡵࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡣࡍ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹ ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᢏ⾡ⓗࠖࠊࠕ㇟ᚩⓗࠖࠊࠕ≀ㄒⓗࠖ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆᏛࡧࡲ ࡍࠋྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡣࠊᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞カ⦎┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ ࡴࡋࢁពࡢ࠶ࡿᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢグࠊYou Tube ࡢᫎീࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢᫎീ࡞ࠊᏊࡶࡀ⮬ศ࡛⯆ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ ࡑࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ┠ⓗࠊస⪅ࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ≉ᚩࡸᩥ⬦ࢆ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㸵㸬ᩥ⬦ศᯒ Ꮚࡶࡣࡲࡎࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ศᯒࡢ᪉ἲࠊ≉័⩦ࡸᢏ⾡࠸ࡗࡓᇶᮏᴫᛕ㛵ࡋ࡚Ꮫ ࡪࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸⌮ㄽⓗ࡞᪉ἲㄽࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᩥ⬦ศᯒࡢ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࠾ࡅ ࡿᫎ⏬ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒ࡢศ㢮ไᗘࠋ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ࡸ㞟୰ࡀࠊẸ⩏ࡸゝㄽࡢ ⮬⏤ࡢࡼ࠺㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸶㸬⩻ヂ 9 Ꮚࡶఱࡽࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ⏬ࡉࡏࠊ⯡ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㐙⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊ࡞ࢆ㣴ࢃࡏࡿᏛ⩦ᙧែࠋ 10 ♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⪅ࡢ࢚ࣜ࢜ࢵࢺ࣭ࣟࣥࢯࣥࡼࡗ࡚ 1971 ᖺ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ㏻ᖖࠊ㸷 ṓࡽ 18 ṓࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ㸲㹼㸴ேࡀ㸯ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊ ྛ⮬ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡿࡇࢆせồࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋḟࠊྠࡌࢸ࣮࣐ࢆㄪࡿே㛫 ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊࡑࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚㞟୰ⓗㄪࡲࡍࠋ᭱ᚋඖࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᡠࡾࠊ ㄪࡓෆᐜࢆࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᩍ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲࠋ 11 ᕳᮎࡢ⏝ㄒㄝ᫂ࠕ࢘࢟ࠖࢆཧ↷ 37 ࡇࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ᙧែࢆ᥇ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡣࠊ⮬ศ࡛᭩࠸ࡓᏛࡢ௳㛵ࡍࡿ᪂⪺グࢆࠊ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ 12 ࣛ ࢪ࢜ࡢグ⩻ヂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊᏊࡶࡀᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛ࠊᏊࡶࡀసࡗࡓᫎ ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࢆ▷ࡃศᯒࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺࡸࣥࢢࣝࠊ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀ ᑐᛂࡍࡿ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆᥥࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ❺ヰࢆᫎ⏬⏝ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸ᭩ࡁ┤ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲ ࡓࠊ࠶ࡿே≀ࡢᫎീ㈨ᩱࢆᖜᗈࡃ㞟ࡵࠊ▷࠸ఏグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆసࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 㸷㸬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ⫋ᴗカ⦎ୖࡢᫎ⏬ࡸ࣓ࢹไసࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ༢ඖࡋ࡚ࡼ ࡃࢃࢀࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋᣦᑟᩍဨࡣᏊࡶ࣓ࢹᏛ⩦ࡀࠕࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠖࢆ♧ࡍࡓ ࡵࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᣦᑟᩍဨࡣᤵᴗ࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢᙺࢆ₇ࡌࠊ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶάືࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࡲ࡛Ꮫ㱋ẁ㝵ࡢᏊࡶࡋ࡚ࡩࡿࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞㐣⛬ࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡀࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ࡢไసࢳ࣮࣒ ࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠊⱝ⪅ྥࡅࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆࡘࡃࡿࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࣛࢪ࢜ࡶࡋࡃࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹᩍᖌࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡍࡿ࠸࠺ ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺࢆไసࡋࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊᏛࡢ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࢳ࣮࣒࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠊ ᑗ᮶ⓗࡑࡢᏛࡢධᏛࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿᏊࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢩࣙࣥࣅࢹ࢜ࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ 10㸬ไస ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊ21 ୡ⣖࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑⋓ᚓࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠊⅭࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫࡪࡇ ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡣࡼࡾ῝ࡃࠊពࡢ࠶ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᏛࡧࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇࢆዡບࡉࢀ ࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹไస࠾ࡼࡧሗࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢไసࡣࠊㄪࡓࡾάືࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡀᏛ⩦ἐ㢌ࡍࡿᶵࢆ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ㸦ど⫈ぬࡸάᏐ㸧 ࡢไసࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢኌࡸࢹࡸどⅬࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡣ㐀ຊ ࢆⓎࡋࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊMac ࡢ iMovie ࡸࠊ࣐ࢡࣟࢯࣇࢺ Moviemaker㸦ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࢀఝࡓ ࡼ࠺࡞ࣇ࣮ࣜࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘㸧ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡸ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ 1 ศ㛫ࡢ≀ ㄒࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 12 ᕳᮎࡢ⏝ㄒㄝ᫂ࢆཧ↷ 38 㘓㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᩍᮦ 㸯㸬࣓ࢹᩍ⫱㸸ᩍᖌࠊᏊࡶࠊಖㆤ⪅ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍᮦ ࡇࢀࡣࣘࢿࢫࢥࡼࡗ࡚ࣛࣅㄒࠊⱥㄒࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒ࡛Ⓨหࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᩍᮦ ࡣࣘࢿࢫࢥࡼࡗ࡚㐍ࡵࡽࢀࠊḢᕞጤဨࡼࡗ࡚ᨭࡉࢀࡓ MENTOR ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ 13 ࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ MIL ࠾ࡅࡿ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠊ᭱ึࡢヨࡳ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ ࡢᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡇࡢ ᩍᮦࢆ⿵ࡋࠊⓎᒎࡉࡏࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢᩍᮦ࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄢ㢟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᵓ ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡁ㸽ㄡࡀ࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢ㸽࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࡣ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ࡼ࠺ྵࡲࢀࡿࡁ㸽࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛᰯࢆ㉸࠼࡚ᐙ᪘ཱྀࢆฟࡍᶒࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡢ㸽ᑓ㛛ᐙࡣ㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡢࡼ࠺㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸽࣓ࢹࡢᜠ ᜨ㝈⏺ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᕷẸࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸽 ࡇ ࡢ ᩍ ᮦ ࡣ a Proposal for a Modular Curriculum, a Handbook for Teachers, a Handbook for Students, a Handbook for Parents, a Handbook for Ethical Relations with Professionals and an Internet Literacy Handbook ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001492/149278e.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 㸰㸬ࣘࢿࢫࢥ࣭࣓ࢹⓎᒎᣦᶆ ࡇࢀࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ྜពࢆᚓࡓᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣓ࢹሗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀබⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᶵ⬟ ࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡢ≧ἣࢆ ࡿᚲせᛶࡢࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢゝㄒ⩻ヂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ ࡢᣦᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ㐃⤖ࡋࡓ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡢᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ㸳ࡘࡢ࢝ ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡣࠊつᚊ࣭つไไᗘࠊ࣓ࢹࡢከඖᛶ࣭ከᵝᛶࠊẸⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ ࡢ࣓ࢹࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ㣴ᡂࠊࣥࣇࣛࡢ≧ἣࠊ࡛ࡍࠋ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001631/163102e.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 㸱㸬࣓ࢹᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿㆟Ɇࢢࣜࣗࣥࣂࣝࢺ௨ᚋࡢᡂ㛗ࠊ㞀ᐖࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ഴྥ㸸᪂ ࡓ࡞ホ౯ᇶ‽ࡢฟྥࡅ࡚㸽 ࡇࡢᅜ㝿㆟ࡣࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࣇࣛࣥࢫᩍ⫱┬࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ༠㆟ࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚ࠊࣃ ࣜࡢࣘࢿࢫࢥጤဨࡀ 2007 ᖺ㸴᭶ࣃ࡛ࣜ㛤ദࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001631/163102e.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 㸲㸬࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࢙ ࣮ ࢸ ࣎ ࣜ Ꮫ ࡀ ࣘ ࢿ ࢫ ࢥ ࡢ ༠ ຊ ࢆ ᚓ ࡚ ࠊ NORDICOM ࠊ International Clearing House ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨหࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ2007 ᖺࢧ࢘ࢪࣛࣅࡢ㤳㒔ࣜࣖࢻ࡛ 㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᭱ึࡢᅜ㝿㆟ࠊୖグࡢࣃ࡛ࣜࡢࣘࢿࢫࢥ㆟ࢆᇶ సᡂࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ 2002 ᖺࡽḢᕞጤဨࡀ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡗ࡚࣓ࢹࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝ ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⋓ᚓࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ 39 13 Ẹ⩏♫ࡑࡢⓎᒎࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓᕷẸࡢᏑᅾࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᕷẸࢆ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞๓ᥦࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿດຊ ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊಶࠎேࡀ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚⮬ࡽࢆ࢚ࣥ ࣃ࣮࣡ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࣓ࢹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㐨ලࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ♫ࡢᡂ㛗ኚ㠉ࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡍ᪉ἲࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡢࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝ࡞⬟ຊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉ ࡏࡿࢫ࡛࢟ࣝࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿᕷẸࠊࡑࡋ࡚ཧຍ⪅ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡸ ᩥ⾲⌧ࠊ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᕷẸᚲせࡉࢀࠊ≉ⱝ⪅ୡ௦ࡗ࡚ᴟࡵ࡚㔜 せ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ♫ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿດຊࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞せ ⣲࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ࣓ࢹᩍ⫱࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿ㝿ࠊすഃୡ ⏺ࡢ࣓ࢹᩥࡀྲྀࡾᢅࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀ㠀ᖖከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋすഃୡ⏺௨እࡢᛮࡸᩥ 㛫ࡢᡭἲࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡾከࡃᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ⾜ືィ⏬㸦agenda㸧ࢆࡘࡃࡿ⥭ᛴࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿♫࠾ࡅࡿ⚾ࡓࡕࡢඹ㏻ࡢ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࢆࠊࡼࡾከࡃෆໟࡋࡓࣃࣛࢲ࣒ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊෆᐜࢆ㇏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ http://www.nordicom.gu.se/clearinghouse.php?portal=publ&main=info_publ2.php&e x=258&me=3 ࢆཧ↷ 㸳㸬ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㸸ධ㛛⦅ ࡇ ࡢ ฟ∧ ≀ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ ࡚ ࠊࣘ ࢿ ࢫ ࢥ ࡢ ே ࡢࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ሗࣉ ࣟࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 㸦 Information for All Programme: IFAP㸧ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣᐜ᫆⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊ㧗ᗘ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆࢃ࡞ࡃ ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢฟ∧≀ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡢᙺேࠊᅜ㝿ᶵ㛵ࡢබົဨࠊሗࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࠊᩍᖌࠊႠ࣭㠀Ⴀ⤌ ⧊ࡢேⓗ㈨※ࡢ⟶⌮⪅⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡞ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢே⏕ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀࡼࡾከࡃࡢࡇࢆᏛࡧࠊ▱ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ Ꮫ⩦ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ⩦័ࠊែᗘࢆ⣲᪩ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡇ࡛ࠊㄡᑐ ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡘ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ▱ࡾࡓ࠸ሗࢆ᳨⣴ࡋ᥈ࡋᙜ࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁ㸦୰␎㸧ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊ⩦័ࠊ ែᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࡣࠊಶே࡞࠸ࡋᐙ᪘ࡢᗣ⚟♴ࠊᩍ⫱ࠊ⫋ᴗࠊࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩ ࢵࣉࡸࡑࡢࡢᅔ㞴ᑐᛂࡍࡿຠᯝⓗࠊ㐺ⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࢆࡃࡔࡏࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࠖ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001570/157020e.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 㸴㸬ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᣦᶆྥࡅ࡚ ࡇࡢᏊࡣሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᏊࡣሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᐃ⩏ࠊICT ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ᡂேࡢ⬟ຊࡢࣔࢹࣝࠊᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂࡞ࡀ グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊᡂேࡀ⏕άࡢࡍ࡚ࡢഃ㠃ࢆ᭷┈࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࠊ⥲ྜ ⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ୍㒊࡛ࡍࠋ2005 ᖺࡢࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻࣜᐉゝ࡛ࡣࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ ࠺࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄேࡧࡢሗࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࡢ㉁ࢆぢᐃࡵࠊホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ʄሗࢆಖ⟶ࠊಟࡍࡿࠋ 40 ʄሗࢆຠᯝⓗࠊ⌮ⓗ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ʄ▱㆑ࢆࡾࡔࡋࠊࡲࡓఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵሗࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ⌧ᅾ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᣦᶆࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽ࡞ࡉࢀࡿດຊࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㐩ᡂࡉ ࢀࡿሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᣦᶆࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊᅜෆእࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝඃඛⓗ࡞㡯࡛ࡍࠋሗ ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊẼ㜚࠸ࠊ㞠⏝ᶵࢆቑࡸࡍ࠸ࡗࡓࠊከࡃࡢ࣑ࣞࢽ࣒㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆࢆ ᡴࡕࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᣦᶆࡣࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢⓎᒎࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡢຠ ᯝࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᕷẸࡀ▱㆑ᇶ┙ᆺ♫ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ▱ࡿ ࡓࡵࠊᅜᐙࢆᨭࡋࡲࡍࠋ http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001587/158723e.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 㸵㸬ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ ICT ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ ᅜᐙࡢᩍ⫱㒊㛛ࢆᨭࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣࠕᩍᖌࡢࡓ ࡵࡢ ICT ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻ㸦 ICT Competency Standards for Teachers: CST㸧㸧ࠖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ㐙⾜ࡋࠊᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ༠㸦International Society for Technology in Education㸧ࡸࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࣂ࣮ࢪࢽᕤ⛉Ꮫࠊࡑࡋ࡚ Cisco ࡸ Intelࠊ Microsoft ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴗࡢ㐃ᦠࢆᅗࡾࠊICT ⏝ࡢᶵࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ CST ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠊᤵᴗࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊᩍᖌࡀ ICT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᐇ㊶ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ᩍ⫱ࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞ࢫ࢟ ࣝࢆᣢࡗࡓᏊࡶࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ ICT ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㸱ࡢᏊࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄICT-CST ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢཎ๎ࠊᵓᡂࠊᡭἲࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ᪉㔪ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ʄᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᅵྎࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊከᵝ࡞ᨻ⟇ᡭἲࢆక࠺ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢෆᐜࢆࡲ ࡵࡓࠊࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࣭ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᵓᡂ ʄᩍᖌࡀ⩦ᚓࡍࡁࠊྛࢫ࢟ࣝࡸࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝྵࡲࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽࡞ࢩ ࣛࣂࢫࢆグࡋࡓᐇせ㡯 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001562/156207e.pdf http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001562/156209E.pdf http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001562/156210E.pdf ࢆཧ↷ 41 ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸰 ࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ ࣀ࣭ࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 42 ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸸ࡇࡢ0,/࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࡢࡼ࠺࠺͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 0,/ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ࡞≉ᚩ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 0,/ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ㐺ᛂ㐣⛬㸸ᥦゝ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⤫ྜ᪉␎͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯㸸ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢࢡࢭ ࢫࠊẸⓗ࡞ᑐヰࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸸࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 0,/ ᕷẸཧຍ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ࣓ࢹࠊࡑࡋ࡚ ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᵝ࡞ከᵝ࡞ሗ፹యࡢ┦ స⏝͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸 0,/ࠊᩍᤵᏛ⩦͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 43 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒♫͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ⮬⏤ࠊ⌮ࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ఱࡀࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆసࡿࡢ࣮ᇶ‽ࡢ᥈⣴͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫไస㐣⛬㸸:+ ࢆ㉺࠼࡚͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱㸸࣓ࢹሗࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨࣓࣮ࢪࡢຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 44 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ከᵝᛶࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢻ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ࢸࣞࣅࠊᫎ⏬ࠊฟ∧͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸 ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲㸸࣓ࢹሗࡢゝㄒ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆㄞࡴ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ࣓ࢹ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸸άᏐᨺ㏦ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝ≀ㄒࡢヰ⾡͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 45 ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳㸸ᗈ࿌ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ᗈ࿌ࠊ┈ࠊつไ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ᗈ࿌㸸㐀ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸 ᗈ࿌ᨻⓗ࣮ࣜࢼ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸴㸸᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ྂ࠸࣓ࢹࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 46 せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࢆ ♫ࡢ୰࡛࠺͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࡢᤵᴗ⏝ࢆྵࡴ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆ࠺͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸵㸸ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵᣮᡓ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ௬ୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿⱝ⪅ࡓࡕ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ௬ୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ ㄢ㢟ࣜࢫࢡ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸶㸸ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦,/㸧ࡢᴫᛕᛂ⏝͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 47 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 Ꮫ⩦⎔ቃሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸷㸸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ0,/ Ꮫ⩦̿ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㡬Ⅼ ͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊᩍᤵᏛ⩦͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 Ꮫ⩦⌮ㄽ 0,/͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 Ꮫᰯ࡛0,/ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭷ຠ⎔ቃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⟶⌮͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣀࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 48 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯㸮㸸ㄞ⪅ど⫈⪅ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯㸯㸸࣓ࢹࠊᢏ⾡ᆅ⌫ᮧ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸 ᪥ࡢᆅ⌫ᮧ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸 ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡢ♫ᩥⓗ࣭ᨻⓗഃ㠃͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸 ሗࡢඹ᭷͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸 ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢⓏሙ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 49 ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱ࠊࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸳㸸ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⦅㞟ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࣞࢱࢵࢳ㸦⏬ീಟ ṇ㸧సᴗ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲ࠊࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺゅᗘ㸸ពࢆఏ࠼ࡿ ͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳ࠊࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸳㸸ᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᗈ࿌ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣈࣛࣥࢻ ͐͐͐ せ㡯┠͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ ⏝ㄒゎㄝ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 50 ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸸 MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࡢᵝ࠺ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࡸẸⓗ࡞♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࡢᙺᶵ⬟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ ࢀࡼࡗ࡚ࠊሗࡸࢹࢆࠊఏ࠼ࠊ⾲⌧ࡋࠊ᥈⣴ࡋࠊཷࡅྲྀࡾࠊ࠼ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ಶே ࡢᶒࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ࣓ࢹሗࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࡸ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ไసࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽホ౯ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪពᅗࡶྠᵝホ౯ࡉ ࢀࡲࡍࠋ ሗ࣭▱㆑ᇶ┙♫࡛ࡣ ʄ MILࡣࠊᕷẸࡢ♫ཧຍ⏕Ꮡࡢࡓࡵ㔜せ࡛ࡍ ʄ ࣓ࢹሗࡣࠊẸ⩏ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡗ࡚୰ᚰⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ ʄ ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡣࠊ≀ࡢぢ᪉ࡸಙᛕࡸែᗘࡢᙧᡂࢆຓࡅࡲࡍࠋ ʄ⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࠊ௬✵㛫ࡢ⏝ࡑࡋ࡚ᕷẸࡼࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡀቑຍࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠕ࣓ࢹࠖࠕሗࠖࡢศ㔝ࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⏕άࡸ ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮యㄽⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸦యࡣ㒊ศࡢ⥲௨ୖࡢ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ⪃࠼㸧ࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࡛࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊฟ∧≀ࠊᫎീࠊ㟁Ꮚ ࣓ࢹࠊሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆྵࡴࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᣑᙇࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡉࡽࡲࡓࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࡸබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࡢᙺࡶ㔜せ࡞ሗࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ (target audience) ࡇࡢ࣒࡛࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ࡞ᑐ㇟ࢆᩍᖌࡋࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡸ⌧⫋ࡢᑠᏛᰯ㹼㧗ᰯ࡞ࡢᩍ ᖌᑐࡍࡿ◊ಟࡶྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊᏛࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊࡞ ᩍဨ㣴ᡂㄢ⛬ࢆᣢࡘᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ྥࡅ≉ูタィࡉࢀࡓࢶ࣮࡛ࣝࡍࠋࡲࡓ࠺ࡲࡃᛂ⏝ࡉࡏࡿ ࡇ࡛ࠊᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊௨እࡢᏛ㒊ࠊNGOࠊᐁᗇࠊࡢ♫ⓗ⤌⧊࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊMILࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ศ㔝࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ㐺ษ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ࡞≉ᚩ ࣓ࢹሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮(MIL)ࡣࠊࡘ࡚ࡣูࠎࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᏛ⩦㡿ᇦ ࢆࡦࡘࡲࡵࡿヨࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ MILࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࡸࡑࢀ௨እࡢ ሗࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺స⏝ࡍࡿࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡑࡢ౯್ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢࠊࡢ ࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࡿࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᢈุⓗホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠸࠺ ࡇ㛵ࡋ▱㆑⌮ゎࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ⥲ྜⓗࡘໟᣓⓗసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ⤯ᑐ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ᵓᡂࢆኚࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊෆᐜࡣ࡚ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 14 ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ㒊ࡲࡓࡣ୍㒊ࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ ʄ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ʄせ㡯┠ 14 㛫ࢆ༢ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᏛ⩦ࡢᙧែࢆᣦࡍ 51 ʄᏛ⩦┠ᶆ ʄᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ㈨ᩱ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ࡛ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢせ࡞┠ᶆࡶࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⤊࠼ࡓ ᚋࠊ⮬ࡽ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢫ࢟ࣝ▱㆑ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ィ⏬࡛࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢹࣝ⬟ຊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢయࡢᩥ⬦ࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐࡢࢭࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊෆᐜᩥ⬦ࢆᴫㄝࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡈ ࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࡚ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡉࢀ࠸࡚ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᩍᖌࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛ㄪࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࡸࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳㄝ᫂ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάືࡶྠࡌࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋྛࠎࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝ▱ ㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢከࡃࡢ᪉ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲάືࡣ༢࡞ࡿ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊᩍᖌࡣࠊᆅᇦᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡼࡾᩥⓗ⤖ ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓάືࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲάືࢆ࠺ࡇࢆዡບࡉ ࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᖌࡢດຊࢆຓࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣMIL㛵㐃ࡢάືࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࣂࣥ ࢡࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯㛵ࡍࡿࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊᙧᡂⓗホ౯⥲ᣓⓗホ౯ࡢᥦࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᥦゝࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅔ㞴ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓホ౯ࡢᐇྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ ࠕᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵࡢホ౯ࠖࠕᏛ⩦ࡢホ౯ࠖࠕᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡢホ౯ࠖࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ ㈨ ᩱࡢࣜࢫࢺࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋࡣࠊྛࠎࡢࣔࢪ୍࣮ࣗࣝ⥴࠺ࡓࡵࠊ᥎⸀ࡉࢀࡿ㈨ ᆅᇦᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ㈨ᩱࢆᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡀぢࡘࡅࠊࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 0,/࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ㐺ᛂ㐣⛬㸸ᥦゝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡲࡓᛂ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡶࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂᶵ㛵࠶ࡿ⌧ᐇⓗ ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᶵ㛵ࡢඃඛᗘ┠ⓗࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢෆᐜ ඃඛᗘࠊࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛫ไ⣙࡛ࡍࠋḟࡢᥦゝࡣࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀᶵ㛵ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ ึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ࢆྵࡴᩍဨࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ☜ᐇ‶ࡓࡍࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ せ࡞㛵ಀ⪅㸦ࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㸧ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ≉ᐃࡋࠊ㐠Ⴀጤဨࢆタ❧ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ʄ ᭱ึࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊMIL࣒࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ⬟ຊᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᗈࡃࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࡍࡁ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵ㛵ࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ᭱ࡶ‶ ࡓࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿෆᐜࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᶵ㛵ࡲࡓࡣᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᅾࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࠊMILࡢせ⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ ࡿ࠺☜ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢホ౯ࢆࡲࡎ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊせ࡞⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡸ㔜」ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࡼࡗ࡚‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛫ࡢ㣗࠸㐪࠸ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡶᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ MILࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ࡶⰋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡿ㛫ᚲせ࡞㈨ᩱ㸦࠼ࡤࠊᩍ ᮦேဨ㸧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊྛࠎࡢ⤌⧊࡛Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟 52 ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿⰋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡢࡼ࠺MILࡣᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⤫ ྜࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍ㸽 MILࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀ⤌⧊࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡶࡋࠊ࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࡇ⾜ ࡅࡤぢࡘࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽ᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᩍᮦࡸ㈨ᩱࢆධᡭ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽ࡶࡋࠊධᡭ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࡇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽᭱ึࡢẁ㝵࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࢽ࣮ࢬࡀࠊᕼ ᮃࡍࡿ㐺ᛂ᪉ἲࡢᵝᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄࡇࡢMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㐺ᛂࡉࡏࡿ‽ഛࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ ୖグࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ≉ู❧࡚ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋࣘࢿ ࢫࢥ࣭࣮࢜ࣉࣥᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ 15 (UNESCO Open Educational Resources 㸦OER㸧Platform㸦www.unesco.org/webworld/en/oer㸧ࡣࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᐇ㊶ ࢆ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㐺ᛂࡉࡏࡿ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚᭷⏝࡛ࡍࠋබ㛤ࡉࢀࡓᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡣࠊ⮬ ⏤⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࣭ࢥࣔࣥࢬ(Creative Commons)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ⓗ ᡤ᭷ᶒࡢୗ࡛ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⩦ᩍᮦ࡛ࡍ㸦ヲ⣽ࡣࡇࡢ❶ࡢ⤊ࡾࡢᅖࡳグ㸧ࠋ ʄ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡲࡓࡣMILࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗ ࣒ࣛࡀ≉ู⊂❧ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓẁ㝵࡛ࠊᐇ㦂ⓗᐇࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᐇ㦂 ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࠊࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㐺ษホ౯ࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄᐇ㦂ࡢホ౯ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᐇୖࡢᨵၿᥦࢆྵࢇࡔᚲせ࡞ᨵゞࢆ㐺ᛂࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࣒ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄࡇࡢẁ㝵࡛ࠊࡑࡢᶵ㛵ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⤫ྜ᪉㔪ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᶵ㛵ࡀࡑࡢ࢝ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⤫ྜࡋ࡚౪⤥ࡋࡲࡍ㸦௨ୗࡢ㒊ศཧ↷㸧ࠋ ʄ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛసᡂࡢ㐍⾜୰ࠊᐇ㦂ⓗ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢホ౯ࡣ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ◊✲ࡢ㛤Ⓨ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛసᡂ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ᭱ࡶࡼ࠸ᐇ㊶᪉ἲࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵 ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᶵ㛵࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࢆሗᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⤫ྜ᪉␎ MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵ⪃៖ࡍࡿⅬࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢ᪉␎ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍ㸸 ʄ༢⊂⛉┠㸸 MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ༢ಟᚓࡢࡓࡵࡢ༢⊂⛉┠ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ ࢀࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࠊᚲಟ㑅ᢥ⛉┠ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ⌧⫋ᩍဨࡢࡓࡵ ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣ㈨㉁ྥୖࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄ⤌⧊ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㸸 1ࠊ2㐌㛫ࡢᑐ㠃ᘧࡢ㞟୰₇⩦᪉ᘧ⥆ࡁࠊ2-3ࣧ᭶࡛ࡍࡁ◊ ✲ㄢ㢟ࡀㄢࡏࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ༢ࡀ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ᵝࠎ࡞ᩍ⫱せ⣲ࡢ⤫ྜ㸸 MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡣࠊࡍ࡛ᩍᖌᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿᵝࠎ࡞㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⛉┠⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊᩍ⫱ᕤᏛࠊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠊ ♫⛉࡞࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡇࡇ࡛ᥦࡉࢀࡿ᪉␎ࡢ࡞࡛࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᭱ࡶ」㞧࡞ࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ ⤫ྜࢆຠᯝⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ┠ⓗホ౯ࢆ࡚⪃៖ࡋࡓࠊៅ㔜࡞ ィ⏬ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ⛉┠㸸 ࡇࡢ⛉┠ࡣࠊᩍဨ㣴ᡂ⌧⫋ᩍ⫱ࡢ୧᪉ࡢࡓࡵ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥᥦ౪ ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢෆእ࡛ࡢ⤌⧊ࡢ༠ຊࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋὀពࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ ᩍဨ㣴ᡂᶵ㛵ࡀ⮬ࡽ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ⛉┠ࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ⛉┠ࢆᥦ౪ࡍ 15 ࠶ࡿࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡸࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ࢆືసࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࠊᇶ┙࡞ࡿࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ ࡸ OSࠊ࣑ࢻ࢙ࣝ࢘࡞ࡢࡇࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡸタᐃࠊ⎔ቃ࡞ࡢ⥲య ࢆᣦࡍࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦IT ⏝ㄒ㎡ http://e-words.jp/㸧 53 ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢタࡀ࠶ࡿᏛ༠ຊࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㣴ᡂᶵ㛵ࡣࠊ༢ㄆᐃࠊ චチࠊࡲࡓࡣᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡋ࡚⛉┠ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㛗ᮇⓗぢ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉␎ࡢ⤌ྜࡏࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡇࡣࠊ᥇ ⏝ࡉࢀࡓ㐺ᛂࣉࣟࢭࢫ⤫ྜ᪉␎ࡣࠊ≉ᚩⓗ࡞せᅉࡸࡑࡢᩘᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊ࡈ␗࡞ ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ゝ࠺せᅉࡣࠊཷࡅධࢀయไࡢỈ‽ࠊ㈨ᩱᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࠊ ⤫ྜࡢ῝ࡉ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡍࠋ 54 ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸࣮࢜ࣉࣥᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ᥇⏝ ඹ᭷ ࣘࢿࢫࢥ࣭࣮࢜ࣉࣥᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒(Open Educational Resources Platform) 㸦www.unesco.org/webworld/en/oer㸧ࡣࠊ㑅ࡤࢀࡓ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢࣘࢿࢫࢥฟ∧≀ࢆ࡚බ㛤 ࡉࢀࡓᩍ⫱㈨ᩱ㸦OERs㸧ࡋ࡚ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ᪂ࡋࡃࠊ㠉᪂ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡍࠋ OERsࡣࠊ▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒࡢୗ࡛බ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࠊ࠼ࡤCreative Commons*ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᏛ⩦ᩍᮦ ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥOERsࡼࡾࠊᩍᖌࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࢆྵࡴୡ⏺୰ࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶⪅ࡣࠊMIL ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇࠊࡑࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ⮬⏤ࢥࣆ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࠊඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᩍဨ㣴ᡂᶵ㛵ࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢ΅ࡼࡾࠊྛࠎ㐺ᛂࡉࢀࡓMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆOERsୖ ࡛ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡣࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢᏛᩍဨࡸ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨ⪅ࠊ࢝ࣜ࢟ ࣒ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ⪅ᑐࡋࠊᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢゝㄒࡀࢃࢀࡿᆅᇦࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࠊᐜ᫆ 㑅ࢇ࡛ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡢᆅᇦࡢせồ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ෆᐜࢆ⮬ ⏤ࠕ」〇ࠖࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢOERsࡣࠊ㢮ఝᶵ㛵ྠኈࡢ༠ാ༠ຊࢆಁࡍࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᶵ㛵ࢆࡼࡾᙉࡃࣘ ࢿࢫࢥ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡛ࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᙉࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋ2011ᖺᚋ ༙ࡢ❧ࡕୖࡆࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥOERsࡣࠊCreative Commons*ࡢୖ࡛ࠊ⬟ຊᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵ ࡢᨭࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊOERsୖ࡛㐺ᛂࡉࢀࡓMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢඹ᭷ࢆ ᮃࡴᶵ㛵ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᮦࡸ㈨ᩱᨵⰋࡢ㝿ࡢᨭࡶྠᵝᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ *ࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࣭ࢥࣔࣥࢬ࣭ࣛࢭࣥࢫ࡛ࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ⴭసᶒᐇົᇶ࡙ࡁࠊస⪅⮬ศ ࡛ࠊࡢᶒࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚ࠊཷࡅᡭࡸࡢస⪅ࡢ┈ࡓࡵࡢᶒࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿࢆᐃࡵࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ㸦http://creativecommons.org㸧 55 ࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 56 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 1: ᕷẸᶒࠊ⾲⌧ሗࡢ⮬⏤,ሗࡢࢡࢭࢫ,Ẹⓗ࡞ᑐヰࠊ⏕ ᾭᏛ⩦ ࠕᩍ⫱ࡢᙺࢆ୍⯡ⓗᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿࡋࡓࡽࡇ࠺ࡔࠋᩍ⫱ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞┠ⓗࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡿ ࡇࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡀබඹࡢሙࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊ⤒῭άືࡢ࡚ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦ ࡽ☜ᐇ┈ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࢻࣥࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࣓ࢹ 1 ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡㸦ICTs㸧ࡀᛴᡂ㛗ࡋࡓࡇࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥሗ ᮰ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡣேࡧࡢ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣡ ࣓ࣥࢺᚲせྍḞ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋMILࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢࡓࡵICTࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊሗ▱㆑ ࡢබṇ࡞ࢡࢭࢫࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᚲせ᮲௳࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ࠊᡃࠎࡀ⏕ࡁࡿ♫ࡣࠊ ሗ▱㆑ࡼࡗ࡚Ⴀࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᙧᘧࡢሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡢ ⥙ࡽ┠ࢆࡑࡴࡅࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀᡃࠎࡢಶேⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊᨻⓗࠊ♫ⓗ ⏕ά࡛ᯝࡓࡍᙺࡽࡶ㏨ࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡇࡣࠊேࡧࡣࠊ ᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧᘧࡢ⬟ຊ㸦▱㆑ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝែᗘ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊሗ▱㆑♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࡚ࡢࣛ ࣇࢫࢸ࣮ࢪຠᯝⓗཧຍࡋ࡚ᡂຌࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇࡀࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍᤵᏛ⩦ࡢ᪉ࡗ࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍ㔜せࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ITUୡ⏺ࢸࣞࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ/ICTᣦᶆࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ2009ᖺ㸦 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database㸧 ࡢࡈࡃ᭱㏆ࡢ⤫ィࡼࡿࠊୡ⏺ࡢ17൨ ࡢୡᖏࡢ࠺ࡕ13൨ୡᖏ(3/4)㸦ேཱྀ࡛ࡣ49൨ே㸧ࡀࢸࣞࣅࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ; 2009ᖺࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡲ࡛ࠊ6൨ୡᖏ(1/3)ࡣ㸦ேཱྀ࡛ࡣ19൨ே㸧ࡣࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢡࢭࢫࡋࠊ46൨ேࡀᦠ ᖏ㟁ヰᩱ㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ぢ✚ࡶࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ25൨ே௨ୖࡢࣛࢪ࢜ཷಙ⪅ࡀࡇࢀຍࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୡ⏺᪂⪺༠(World Association of Newspapers)ࡣࠊ2007ᖺࡣୡ⏺୰ࡢ᪂⪺㉎㈙ㄞ⪅ ᩘࡣ14൨ࢆୖᅇࡿሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦ヂ⪅ὀ㸸Webࡼࡿࡶࡢࡶྵࢇࡔࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥ⤫ィ◊✲ᡤ(UNESCO Institute of Statistics)ࡣࠊୡ⏺୰࡛ẖᖺ⣙100ࡢ᪂ห ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿぢ✚ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㸦ヂ⪅ὀ㸸㟁Ꮚ᭩⡠ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡣ࡛᫂ࡍ㸧 ࡲࡵࡿࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࣞࣅࠊࣛࢪ࢜ᒁࠊ᪂⪺ࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ⏝ඹࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࠊᮏࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊᗈ࿌ࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒ࡢࢡࢭࢫ⏝ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᡃࠎ⮬㌟ࡢᅜᩥ ࠊᡃࠎࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃୡ⏺ࡘ࠸࡚ᏛࡪሗࡢࢇࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ Ẹⓗ࡞ᛮఏ㐩ࡢࡓࡵࡢ♫ᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊሗࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿഃࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ ከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡣẸ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫ࡗ࡚せ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡀẸ ⩏ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᕷẸࡣᢈุⓗ࣓ࢹࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᕷẸࡀࠊẚ႘ࠊ⓶⫗࡞ࡢ⏝ࠊ≀ㄒࡸ㇟ࡀ࠶ࡿពࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ⤌ࡳ࠸ࡗࡓࠊཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓሗࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ▱ࡿࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋேࡧࡀᕷẸ ࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡢ⬟ຊ㸦▱㆑ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࠊែᗘ㸧ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿሗࡸ㈨ ᩱࢆຠᯝⓗ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊ✲ᴟⓗࡣᕷẸ⮬㌟ࡀࠊᨻⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡸᅜࡢ⤫ 㛵ࢃࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊ21ୡ⣖ᚲ せ࡞୍㐃ࡢ⬟ຊࡋ࡚ࠊᕷẸࡼࡗ࡚⩦ᚓࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 57 ከࡃࡢഃ㠃࠾࠸࡚ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡀᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋேࡧࡣࡶࡣࡸㄞ ࡳ᭩ࡁィ⟬ࢆᏛࡪࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ☜ㄞࡳ᭩ࡁィ⟬ࡢᇶ♏ⓗ⬟ຊࡢ 㔜せᛶࡣ㐣ᑠホ౯࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࣒࣓࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ ࡣḟࡢࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊⱝ⪅ࡣ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ⌮ゎࡍ ࡿࡇຍ࠼࡚ࠊⱝ⪅ࡢಶேⓗࠊ♫ⓗࠊ⫋ᴗⓗࠊᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊሗ ࢆᤚࡋࠊホ౯ࡋࠊ࠸ࠊࡽࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋⱝ⪅ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠊࡲࡓࠊ ሗࢆศᯒࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢࡓࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ⊂❧ࡋࡓᏛ⩦⪅ࠊ〇స⪅ࠊሗ㏻ࡌࡓᕷẸࡸࣉࣟ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡢࢫ࡛࢟ࣝ࠶ࡾࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ ࡢ♫ࡢ⤫Ẹ⩏ࡢ㐣⛬ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢫ࡛࢟ࣝࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ཧ↷㸸Report of National Forum on Information Literacy,2005㸧 ὀ1 ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵࠊࢃࢀࡿ࣓ࢹࡢᛶ㉁ࡸࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊ࣓ࢹࡣࠊሗ㐨ⓗ࡞౯್ࠊ⤌⧊ࡲࡓࡣἲேࡼࡗ࡚Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿ⦅㞟㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ ࡋ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓࠊಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿሗ※ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡀ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ♫ࡢ㏻ಙ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡢ⛬ᗘ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࠊಶࠎࡢ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚⤌⧊ⓗసࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ ᵝࠎ࡞ሗ፹య㸦ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺሗᥦ౪ࠊࡢሗ⤌⧊ࠊ ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢෆᐜࢆ⏕⏘ࡍࡿᕷẸ㸧ࡳྜ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡼࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ຊࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࠊཧຍࡢ3ᮏᰕࡽ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋMILࡣࠊᵝࠎ ࡞ศ㔝/㡿ᇦ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㔜」ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊḟࡢ㉁ၥࡽࠊࡑࡢពᅗࢆ ᥈ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ሗࡣఱ㸽࣓ࢹࡣఱ㸽࡞ࡐሗࡸ࣓ࢹࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡢ㸽 ࡞ࡐ ሗࡸ࣓ࢹࡣ㔜せ࡞ࡢ㸽 ʄ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣఱ㸽 ʄ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣఱ㸽 ʄ ࡞ࡐ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡞ࡢ㸽 ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊMILࢆ༢Ꮫၥศ㔝ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࡴࡋࢁᩍᤵࡸᏛ⩦ࡢ㐣⛬⨨࡙ ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝヲ⣽ᢅࢃࢀࡿ㡿 ᇦࡢせ㡯┠ࡑࡢᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡎࡣᗈࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮ࠕࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࠖࡇࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠕࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࠖࡇࡢ㐪࠸ ࢆࠊ῝ࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗ㛵 ࡍࡿࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓᩍᖌ⮬㌟࡛MILࢆึ➼࣭୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞⬟ຊࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 1.࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌮ゎ㸸࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ 2. MILᕷẸࡢཧຍ 3. ࣓ࢹࡢሗ፹యࡢ┦స⏝ 4. MILࠊᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ 58 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ ࠕሗࠖࠕ࣓ࢹࠖࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ࡞Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ࡞Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝ/せ⣲ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏕ᚐᩍᖌࡢ᪥ࡢ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㔜 せᛶ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡢᙺࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᙺࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࣓ࢹࡢከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᙺ ࣓ࢹࡣࠊሗ㏻ಙࡢ㐣⛬࡛୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡣሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡓ ࡵࡢ1ࡘࡢᡭẁࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᙺࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࠸࡛ࡍࠋMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ┠ ⓗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡣࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࡸᢏ⾡ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊಙ㢗ࡋᚓࡿሗࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚᭱᪂ ࡢሗࡢⓎಙ※࡛࠶ࡿᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࡣࠊ⦅㞟㈐௵ࡀ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ⤌⧊ࡸ ே≀ᖐᒓࡋࡓ⦅㞟ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚సࡽࢀࠊሗ㐨ࡢ౯್ࡣࡇࢀࡼࡾỴࡲࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ ࡀࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ♫ࡢ㏻ಙࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡢ⛬ᗘ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡢᵓᡂࡀࠊ ከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢ⛬ᗘ㛵㐃ࡋࠊࡳྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪ ⪅ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊࡢሗ⤌⧊ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆసࡾࡔࡍᕷẸ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞࠸ࡃࡘࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄሗ▱㆑ࢆ㐠ࡪ㏻㊰ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᕷẸྠኈࡀሗࢆࡋ࡚ࠊሗᇶ࡙ ࠸ࡓỴᐃࢆࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ከᵝ࡞♫ࡢ⾜Ⅽ⪅ྠኈࡢሗᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㆟ㄽࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᡃࠎࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡽᏛࡪ௨ୖࠊୡ⏺ࡘ࠸࡚ከࡃᏛࡧࡢሙࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ♫ࡀ♫ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࠊඹྠయព㆑ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿᡭẁ࡞ࡿࡇ ʄ ⭉ᩋࠊᝏᨻࠊ♫ࡢṇࢆᭀ㟢ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ຊࡼࡗ࡚ࠊබⓗ⏕άබ⾗ࡢど⥺࡛ࠊ࡚ ࡢᨻᗓࡢᙧែࢆࡼࡾ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ┘ど⪅ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ Ẹ⩏ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㔜せ࡞ಁ㐍⪅⮬⏤࡛බᖹ࡞㑅ᣲࡢಖドே࡞ࡿࡇ ʄ ᅜෆཬࡧᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᩥⓗ࡞⾲⌧ᩥⓗ࡞⤖ྜࡢ፹య࡞ࡿࡇ ʄ ከඖⓗ࡞౯್ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᶒࢆᘚㆤࡋ♫ⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡋ࡚ᶵ ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ 16 ࠋ 16 UNESCO MDIs ࡽ㐺⏝ 59 — ሗࡢධᡭ ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿሗࢆࠊ㐺ṇ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡣࠊேࡧࡢሗࡢᚲ せᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿሗࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࠊྲྀࡾ⨨ࡁࠊホ౯ࡍࡿ ⬟ຊ౫Ꮡࡋࡲࡍࠋ᪥࡛ࡣ⏝࡛ࡁࡿሗࡢ⣲ᮦࠊࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࠊ㈨ᩱࡣᗈࡃከᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ≉ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡽࡢሗࡣࠊṇ☜ࡉࠊಙ㢗ᛶࠊ౯್ࡢⅬ࡛ࡁࡃኚࡋࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼ࠊࡇࡢሗࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᙧᘧ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ㟁Ꮚⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ༳ๅ≀ࡋ࡚ࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠊ ᅗࠊ⤫ィ࡞㸧࡛Ꮡᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᙧᘧࡣࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢪࡸ࣏࣮ࢱࣝࠊ௬ ࡸᐇᅾࡢᅗ᭩㤋ࠊࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜࡢࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࢆ ㏻ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿᙧᘧ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࡇࡢሗࡢ㉁ࡀࠊࠕ㠀ᖖⰋ࠸ࠖ ࡽࠕ㠀ᖖᝏ࠸ࠖࡶࡢࡲ࡛ᵝࠎࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ሗ※ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ๓ࠊఱࡢࡓࡵࡢሗ࡛࠶ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡼ ࡾሗ※ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࡞㉁ၥࡣḟࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࠶ࡿ≧ἣ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡢሗ※ࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡢ✀ࡢሗ※ࡀࠊሗ፹యࡋ࡚᭱ࡶಙ⏝࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ࡢሗ※ࡀࠊබᖹ࡛ࠊᐈほⓗ࡛ࠊ㞃ࢀࡓㄏᅉࡀ࡞ࡃࠊࡘ㧗ရ㉁࡛ࡍ㸽 ሗࡣࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅㸦࠼ࡤᅗ᭩㤋ࡸ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹࡣࠊ ௨ୗࡢᩘࠎࡢᙺࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸸 ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ʄ ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇ ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡇ ᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ ࡚ࡢ✀㢮ࡢሗ㸦ࡋࡤࡋࡤ↓ᩱࠊ」ᩘࠊಙ㢗ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠊつไࡀ࡞࠸㸧ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡇ ሗࡢධཱྀࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝ࡞౯್ᕷẸࡢᶒ㸦࠼ࡤ⾲⌧ࡸሗࡢ⮬⏤㸧ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ ♫ࡢ㞟ྜⓗグ᠈య(collective memory)ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡇ ᩥ㑇⏘ࢆಖᏑࡍࡿࡇ ᴦࡋࡲࡏࡿࡇ — άື ʄ ㌟ࡢᅇࡾࡢ࣓ࢹࢆㄪࠊୖ࡛ᣲࡆࡓ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ㈨ᩱࡸ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫ ࢺࢆぢࡘࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡇࡽࡉࡽ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࠊᅜᐙࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢ ᙺࢆ♧ࡍࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ Ꮫࡸබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ⏝ࡋࠊẸ⩏㛵ࡍࡿሗࠊୡ⏺ࡢࡢᆅᇦࠊ␗ᩥࠊ♫⤒ ῭άື࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆྵࡴᮏࡸࡢ㈨ᩱࢆぢࡘࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ḟࡢၥ㢟⟅ ࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ㄡࡀࠊྛᅗ᭩㤋ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿ㈨ᩱࡢ⠊ᅖࡸࣞ࣋ࣝࢆỴࡵࡲࡍ㸽ㄡ ࡀࡢᮏࢆᅗ᭩㤋ධࢀ࡚ࡢᮏࢆྲྀࡾୗࡆࡿࢆỴࡵࡲࡍ㸽ㄡࡀࡢᮏࡀࡼࡾ 㔜せࢆỴࡵࡲࡍ㸽ᅗ᭩㤋ࡣࠊ㐠Ⴀୖࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 㸦ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ά ືࡣࠊ༤≀㤋ࡲࡓࡣබᩥ᭩㤋㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶᐇࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸧 ʄ ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᅜࡢ㛤Ⓨᵓ⠏ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ ാࡁࢆጉࡆࡿᙜ࡞つไࡀ࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹᑐࡋࡢࡼ࠺ᢲࡋࡅࡽࢀࡿࠊ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡢ࣓ࢹ 60 ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅜࡢⓎᒎࠊᵓ⠏ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᅜ┈ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃ ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿほⅬࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࠊᡓதࡸẸ᪘⣮த࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ពᅗⓗ◚ቯࡉࢀࡓᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤ ≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊཪࡣ◚Რࡉࢀࡓ≉ᐃࡢᮏ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ᥈ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ≀ㄒࡀ┿ ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࡢࡼ࠺᳨ドࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 㸦ࡇࢀࡣ᭱ึࡢUnit࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࡽࠊᩍᖌࡣࡇࡢ㉁ၥ⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶ ࡲࡾከࡃࡢ㛫ࢆ㈝ࡸࡉࡎࠊࡢၥ㢟⛣ࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ㸧࣓ࢹࠊ୪ࡧࡑࡇ ࡽ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㈨ᩱࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡀ◚ቯࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊேࡧࠊࡑࡋ࡚ேࡧࡢṔྐࡸᩥ ࡣࡢᵝ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡲࡋࡓ㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡢほᐹ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞◚ቯⓗ⾜ືࡣࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ʄ ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࢻ࣓ࣥࡢሗࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡࢻ࣓ࣥࡢሗࡀࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜ࡛ ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿࢆࠊ2ࡘࡢᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᶵ㛵 ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿሗࡢ㐺ṇᛶ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢḞዴ㸧ࢆウㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ሗࡢබ⾲᪉ἲࡸሗࡢࢡࢭࢫ㛵ࡍࡿᅜᐙᨻ⟇ࡸἲᚊࡣᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍ㸽ୡ⏺ேᶒ ᐉゝࡢ➨19᮲࡛㏙ࡽࢀࡓᕷẸࡢᶒࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 3 ʄ ୖࡢάືࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⟅࠼ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀ ࡿᡂᯝ㸦ゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᣢࡘேࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹሗ࠸࠺ಶࠎࡢ⏝ㄒࡣࠊఱࢆពࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ᪥ࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚⏕ᚐᩍᖌࡀ᪥ᖖⓗ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࢹࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽ࣓ࢹࡢ࡞ᙺᶵ⬟ࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࠕࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊఱࢆពࡍࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱㆑ࠊࢫ ࢟ࣝࠊែᗘࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄ ᪥ᖖࡢ࣓ࢹ㸦࠼ࡤබⓗ࠾ࡼࡧ⚾ⓗ࡞ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺሗ㸧ࡢ㸯᪥ࡢ⏝ࡸࡾྲྀ ࡾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ㄅグ㘓ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ᪥ㄅࡽࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆぢฟࡏ ࡲࡍ㸽 㸯᪥ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ඹ ఱ㛫㐣ࡈࡋࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ⏕άࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ₇ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ Ꮫᰯࡲࡓࡣ㏆ᡤࢆᚐṌ࡛ᅇࡾࠊࡑࡢ⎔ቃ࠶ࡿ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢࢆࣜࢫ ࢺࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡣୖグࡢᙺࡢࢀࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ࠶ࡿ᪥㉳ࡁࡿࠊ࣓ࢹࡶࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࡶࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡶᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡶ୍ษ࡞ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓീࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡉࡽࡍ࡚ࡢ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࠊࣛࢪ࢜ᒁࢸࣞࣅࢳࣕࣥ ࢿࣝࡶᾘ࠼ࡓࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᕷẸ⏕άఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀ࡚ḟࡢࡇ ࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࣭ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊሗࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡸࠊᐇࠊฟ᮶ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭㏻ᖖ⾜࠺ពᛮỴᐃࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭࠶࡞ࡓࡀಶேࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡛ኻ࠺㒊ศࡢࡶࡢࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࣭ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ♫ࡣఱࢆኻ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ Ẹ⩏♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹሗࡢ౯್ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ⤖ㄽࢆࠕ⦅㞟⪅ࡢᡭ ⣬ࠖࡋ࡚᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ὀ3 ࡍ࡚ேࡣࠊពぢཬࡧ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ᑐࡍࡿᶒࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᶒࡣࠊᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅ ࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ⮬ᕫࡢពぢࢆࡶࡘ⮬⏤ࠊ୪ࡧࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᡭẁࡼࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜቃࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ྰࢃࡾ࡞ࡃࠊሗཬࡧᛮࢆồࡵࠊཷࡅࠊཬࡧఏ࠼ࡿ⮬⏤ࢆྵࡴࠋ 61 ᕷẸࡢࡓࡵࡢMILࡢ㔜せᛶ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡣࠊࡘู࡚ࠎ࡛༊ูࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓศ㔝ࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋMILࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊேࡧࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡛ḟࡢࡇࢆ⾜࠺⬟ ຊࢆᣢࡕࡲࡍ㸸 a) ሗᇶ࡙࠸ࡓỴᐃࢆࡍࡿࡇ b) ேࡧࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃୡ⏺ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡇ c) ඹྠయព㆑ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ d) බඹࡢᑐヰࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ e) ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᚑࡍࡿࡇ ࡉࡽࠊMILࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᕷẸࡣࠊᢈุⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࡇྠᵝࠊሗࢆ⬟ືⓗసࡾฟ ࡋࠊ࣓ࢹሗᶵჾࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᕷẸࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ ᚑ᮶ࡢ࣓ࢹࢆࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᅜࡢẸ⩏ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ሗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࠊ㐀ᛶࠊࡼࡾࡁ࡞ཧຍࡢࡓࡵ⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㥑ࡾࡓ࡚ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ — άື ࣭ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯ࠕᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⬟ຊࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࡢᅗ 㸯࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓMILࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢ㏉ࡋࠊྛࠎࡢ≉ᚩࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡗ࡚≉ ពࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆ᭩ࡁࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࡇࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࡲࡓࠊఱࡀྵࡲࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ MILࡣ␗࡞ࡿࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᐇ㊶⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௨ୗࡢ ⏝ㄒࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࣭ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ᅗ᭩㤋ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࢩࢿ㸦ᫎ⏬㸧࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࢤ࣮࣒࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡲࡓࡣᅗ᭩㤋ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࡢᐃ⩏ࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ಶࠎࡢ⏝ㄒྠኈࡢ㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣMILࡢᴫᛕࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ఱࡀศࡾࡲࡍ㸽 MILࡋ࡚࣓ ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⤖ྜࡉࡏࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢㄽᣐࢆࠊ1ࡘ ࡢࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇ࡛᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸0,/ᕷẸཧຍ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ ʄ ᕷẸࡀ࣓ࢹᮇᚅࡍࡿࡶࡢ ʄ Ẹ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫ࡢMILࡢᙺࡑࡢ㔜せᛶ ʄ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࠊ࣓ࢹࡢከඖᛶከᵝᛶ 62 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄሗࠊ▱㆑ࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࠊẸⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢཧຍ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ ⬟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࠊ ʄ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࡀᚲせࡍࡿ᮲௳ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ሗ㐨࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡌࡓሗࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ♫࡛㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞ ࠸≧ែ࡛ࡣࠊࠕୡ⏺ࡢ❆ࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠊゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊᡃࠎࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣᡃࠎࡢ┤᥋ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓୡ⏺࡛ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ▱ࡿ᪉ἲࡀࠊࢇ࡞࠸࠸࠺ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋሗ㐨ࡢάືࡀᑛ㔜ࡉࢀࠊᕷẸࡀሗ㐨ᑐࡋᮇᚅࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢせᅉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸸 ʄ ▱㆑ࢆ⣔⤫❧࡚ࡿࡇɆΰἁࡋࡓሗࢆ⣔⤫❧࡚࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡑ ࡇࡽேࡧࡗ࡚ࡢ┈ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ ʄ ㄔᐇࡉɆ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊሗ※ࢆ᫂ゝࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᕷẸࡀࠊ㛵㐃ᛶࠊಙ㢗ᛶࠊ₯ ᅾⓗ࡞೫ࡾࢆุ᩿࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋゎỴࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᛕࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ⣮தࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡡ࡞࠸ሙྜ ࡣࠊᚋ㏣㊧ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࡶ⪃៖ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄ බඹࡢ┈Ɇࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡀࡇ࡞ࡍከࡃࡢࡼࡗ࡚ࠊබඹၥ㢟ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ሗࢆᕷẸ㌟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡘබඹࡢ┈ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ⊂❧ᛶɆᕷẸࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊಶேⓗ࡞೫ぢࢆ㉺࠼࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊࢥ࣓ࣥࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡣࠊࠕࢥࣥࡢ୧ഃࠖ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㈶ᡂᑐࡢ୧᪉ࡢពぢ ࠾࠸࡚㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡣ࠾࠸࡚࿘ ᅖᕥྑࡉࢀ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࢆ♧ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ʄ බⓗᢈุၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛɆ࣓ࢹࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥㸦ᡭ⣬ࠊ㟁Ꮚ ࣓࣮ࣝࠊ㟁ヰࡲࡓࡣࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸧ࢆබඹࡢ┦స⏝ࡢࡓࡵᥦ౪ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᕷẸࡣࠊ௰㛫ࡢᕷẸࡶᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢࠕゝㄒ࡛ࠖヰࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢሙᡤ 㛫ࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᕷẸࡣࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡢ୰ࠊᖜᗈ࠸⾲⌧ ᪉ἲࡼࡗ࡚ぢゎ౯್ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ㄝ᫂㈐௵Ɇ࣓ࢹࡣࠊຊࢆ⾜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡍ࡚ࢆ┘どࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣᨻ ᗓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㔜せ࡞බⓗࠊ⚾ⓗ⤌⧊ࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ≧ἣࢆ೫ࡾ࡞ࡃᕷẸ▱ࡽࡏࡿ ࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹࡣ⮬㌟ࡢㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄ 㐺ษࡉ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫɆᕷẸࡣࠊ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࢺࣞࣥࢻࡘ࠸࡚ࢱ࣒࣮ࣜ࡞ ▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡣࠊ⬣ጾ༴㝤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆᙇࡋ࡚ࡶ㐣ᑠ ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ ʄࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮▱ࡿᶒࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆྲྀࡿࡇɆᕷẸࡣࠊ࣓ࢹᑐࡋࠊබඹࡢ▱ࡿᶒ ಶேࡢࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡢᶒࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸦ཧ↷,Fackson Banda,UNESCO,2009㸧 ሗࡢࢡࢭࢫ ሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࡣࠊẸ⩏ᅜࡢⓎᒎࡗ࡚ྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋᕷẸࡣࠊゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ බඹࡢሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿᶒࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢሗࡣࠊ➼ࡋࡃᕷẸࡢ㈈⏘࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ ࡣࠊᕷẸ୍ேࡦࡾࡢࡓࡵࠊሗࡢ⮬⏤ࡢᶒࢆ☜ᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࡢᙺࡣࠊሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡㸦ICTs㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢᛴ㏿࡞ᗈࡀࡾࡼࡗ࡚ኚࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋICTsࡣࠊࢇ༶ᗙሗ▱㆑ࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 63 ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᖖ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ༢࡞ࡿ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮௨ୖࡢࡶࡢ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࠊㄪᰝࠊፗᴦࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢆ┦ࡘ ࡞ࡄࡓࡵࡢᕷẸࡢせồࢆຠᯝⓗࡘຠ⋡ⓗ‶ࡓࡋࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࡣࠊḟ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞࡞ᶵ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸸 ʄ ே✀ࠊᛶࠊ⫋ᴗࠊ᐀ᩍⓗ࡞ไ㝈࡞ࡋ࡛ࠊሗ㈨※ࡢ⮬⏤࡞ࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ≉ࠊ බ❧ᅗ᭩㤋࡛ࡣࠊ↓ᩱ࡛ࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᘓ≀ࡢ୰ࡸ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥㄪᰝࡉࢀࡓෆᐜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊㄞ⪅ࡢࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮Ᏺ⛎ᛶࢆಖㆤ ࡍࡿࡇ ʄᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᨻⓗࠊ᐀ᩍⓗࠊ㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ࣂࢫࡀ࡞࠸ࠊከᵝ࡛ከඖⓗ࡞ሗࡢ ࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᑗ᮶ࡢୡ௦ࡢࡓࡵࠊሗࢆ㞟✚ࡋಖ⟶ࡍࡿࡇ — άື ʄ ᅗ᭩㤋ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢሗࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᖺࡢࠊ⮬ᅜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグ ࢆ5㹼10⛬ᗘ㑅ࡧㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྛࠎࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື࡛ࠖ ㏙ࡽࢀࡓࠊᕷẸࡢ࣓ࢹࡢᮇᚅࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡢグࡢ୰࡛ࠊグࡀຠᯝⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ሗ㐨ࡢᮇᚅ㐺ྜࡋ ࡞ࡗࡓグᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㐺ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᨵၿࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ㄞ⪅ࡣ⮬⏤࡞⢭⚄ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ሗ㐨᥋ࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶࠎேࡀᣢࡘ ᪤Ꮡࡢពぢࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ▷࠸࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ᆅඖࡢၥ㢟ࡸヰ㢟ࢆᢅ࠺ሗ㐨ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆヲࡋࡃㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜ ࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡼࡾࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᢅ࠺ሗ㐨ᑐࡋࠊୖグࡢせᅉࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢ⬟ຊࡀ㌟ࡘࡁࡲࡍࠋᆅඖࡢ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕷẸࡣࡢ⛬ᗘࠊሗ㐨ᮇᚅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋ ࡓ㸽ሗ㐨ࡣᆅඖࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢇ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸽ᕷẸࡢᮇᚅ㏻ࡾ࡛ ࡞ࡗࡓࡽࠊᕷẸࡣࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨ᩱࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸽࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊᕷẸࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡎࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ㸽 ʄ ሗࢆධᡭࡋࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃ࠶ࡿᕷẸࡣࠊࡼ࠸ពᛮỴᐃࢆࡋ࡚ࠊẸ⩏ࡢ♫ཧຍࡍ ࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࠶࡞ࡓࡣྠពࡋࡲࡍ㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡢពぢࢆ⾲ࡍㄽㄝࢆ᭩ࡁࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ♫࡛ࠊሗࡢᙺࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࠊホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ሗ▱㆑ ࡢ㛵ಀࡣఱ࡛ࡍࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊሗຊࡢ㛵ಀࡣఱࡔࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ࠊከඖᛶከᵝᛶ ሗࡢ⮬⏤⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᅵྎ࡞ࡾࠊ≉ࠊ ሗࡢ⮬ ⏤ ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᕷẸࡀሗࡢ⮬⏤ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ⤖ࡧࡁࡲࡍࠋࠕ ሗࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀࠊᡃࠎࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃୡ⏺ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ពࡀ࠶ࡿᙺࢆぢࡘ ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᡃࠎࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ᭱㝈⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞㊊ࡀࡾ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋሗ ࡀᑡᩘࡢ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࡢᡭ㞟୰ࡍࡿࡁࠊᕷẸࡢពᛮỴᐃࢆࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡶࠊࡑࡢពᛮỴᐃࢆ┦ ホ౯ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡶࡁࡃపୗࡋࡲࡍࠋ⌮ⓗ࡛ከඖⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ㏱᫂ᛶࠊㄝ ᫂㈐௵ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ἲࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ☜ᐇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ(UNESCO Freedom of Expression Tool Kit)ࠋ⊂❧ࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᙼࡽࡀዊࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㈐௵ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ሗ㐨ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᙼࡽࡢ⬟ຊࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 64 — ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊእࡽࡢ⬣ጾࡲࡓࡣᠬ⨩ࢆᜍࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬㌟ࡢぢゎពぢࢆ⾲ࡋ ࡚ேࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⮬⏤࡛ࡍࠋ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣᇶᮏⓗேᶒࡢࡦࡘ࡛ࠊゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡔࡅ ࡛࡞ࡃࠊሗࡸᛮ⪃ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊồࡵࠊཷࡅࠊ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜Ⅽࢆࡶ⮬⏤ࡉࢀࠊ ࡑࡢ㝿ࢃࢀࡿ࣓ࢹࡢ✀㢮ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⮬⏤ࡣᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡏࢇࠋሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊ⮬ ⏤࡞⾲⌧ࡀබ⾲ࡉࢀඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࡢᅵྎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᕷẸ♫ࢆࡘࡃࡾᨭ࠼ ࡿࡓࡵࡣᚲ㡲࡛ࡍࠋᬑ㏻ࡢேࡧࡗ࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ពぢࢆᣢࡕࠊ㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡾ⾲⌧ ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ศពぢࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺┿ࡢ ឤぬࢆ㣴࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊᕷẸࡢ㈐௵ࡋ࡚ࡢ ྍḞ࡞せ⣲ ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢつไࡣࠊࡑࡢつไࡀேࡢ⮬⏤ࢆಖ ㆤࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㝈ࡾࠊチࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠼ࡤࠊᭀຊࡸᕪูⓗ⾜Ⅽࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ ࡡ࡞࠸ࠕ࣊ࢺ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࠖ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡼࡿ⮬⏤ࡢไ㝈ࡣࠊࡑࡢṇ⏝ࢆ㑊ࡅ ࡿࡓࡵࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ⊃࠸⠊ᅖ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ —࣓ࢹࡢከඖᛶ ࣓ࢹᇶ┙㸦༳ๅࠊᨺ㏦ࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ㸧ࠊሙᡤ㸦ᅜᐙࠊᆅᇦࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㸧ࠊᨻ ⓗᒎᮃࠊࢆᶓ᩿ࡋࡓከඖⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡼࡾࠊᕷẸࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ♫ᫎࡉࡏࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢேࡀ࣓ࢹࢆ㐠⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࠊᑡᩘὴࡢពぢࢆ⾲⌧ࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࡢሙࢆタࡅࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋᾏእࠊᅜෆࠊᆅᇦࡢ࣓ࢹࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿ ሗࢆຠᯝⓗΰྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊேࡧẸ⩏ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫཧຍࡍࡿᡭẁࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋከᵝ࡛┦ࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࡽࡢሗࢆ᭱㝈ᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣࠊேࡧࡢ ♫⚟♴ࡢྥୖ㈉⊩ࡋࡲࡍࠋ᪂⪺ࡸᨺ㏦ࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡿᡤ᭷⪅ࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᒆࡅࡽࢀ ࡿሙྜࠊ㏻ᖖࠊ࠸ࡢෆᐜࢆᢈุࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊከࡃࡢ࣓ࢹࡀ 㞟ྜయࡋ࡚ࠊࡦࡾࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡢᡭ୰࠶ࡿࠊ┦ᢈุࢆཷࡅࡿሙྜࡽ㐲ࡃࠊࣉ ࣮ࣟࣔࢩࣙࣥࡋᘚㆤࡍࡿ࣓ࢹ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ — ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶ ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡢ⤌⧊ࡸ㠀⤌⧊ࡽࡢᖸ΅ࢆ࠺ࡅࡎ ⦅㞟ෆᐜࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⦅㞟⪅ጤࡡࡽࢀࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ⮬⏤ࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࡀ ヨࡉࢀࡿࡋ࡚ࠊ⦅㞟⪅ࡀ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢᗈ࿌ࡢホุࢆᚓ࡞࠸グࢆ సࡿ࡛ࡍࠋ — άື ʄ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ࡢせ࡞࣓ࢹ♫ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒᨻᗓ ࡼࡿ⊂༨ᨭ㓄ࡢ≧ἣࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊᙼࡽࡢせ࡞ᰴᨭᅋయࢆࣜࢫࢺ ࢵࣉࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡼࡾࠊࢡࢭࢫࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ㑅ᢥ⮬⏤ࡢⅬ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ 㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡍ㸽࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡑࡢᨭ㓄ࡢ≧ἣࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᅜࡲࡓࡣࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡛⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿἲᚊࡸ᮲ࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡛ࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡸ⊂❧࣓ࢹࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᙺ ࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ1ࡘࡢࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ ⊂❧ ࡉࡏࡓ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ ࢆグ㏙ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࢹࡣࠊேࡧࡀẸ⩏ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࢆಁࡋࡲࡍ㸽ఱࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓࡾࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࢆಖㆤࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊArticle19ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺಖㆤጤဨࠊᅜቃ࡞ࡁグ⪅ᅋ࡞ࡢᅜ㝿⤌⧊ࠊࡶࡋ ࡃࡣࠊᆅᇦ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜⓗάືࡍࡿNGOࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ 65 ࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࢆᨭࡍࡿ౯ ್ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠊ≉ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ᨻᗓࡀ࡞ࡐࠊ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࠊ≉ࠊᨻᗓ㛵ࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫⓗ࡞ฟ᮶㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹᅽຊࢆࡅ ࡿࡇࢆ᥍࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ᅜࡢᨻᗓࢆᶒ ጾ⩏ࡽẸ⩏ᑟ࠸ࡓࠊࢥࣛࢯ࣭ࣥ࢟ࣀ๓ࣇࣜࣆࣥ⤫㡿ࡢゝⴥࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ ḟࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠗሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤Ẹ⩏ࡢᴫᛕࡣᐦ᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊᨻⓗᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ࡞ ࡾៅ㔜᭱㝈ࡢἲⓗไ㝈ࢆሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ㄢࡑ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヨࡳࡣࠊᨻ ⓗᣦᑟ⪅ࡢୡホᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊẸ⩏ୖࡢ㐨ᚨࡸㄋ⣙ࢆᯝࡓࡍୖ࡛ࡶ ࡁ࡞ࣜࢫࢡ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋయ⩏⪅ࡗ࡚ࠊẸ⩏࠸࠺ㄏᝨࡣᕧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᩘከࡃࡢ⊂ⓗᝏ⾜ࡢせ⣲ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊẸ⩏ࢆᣑゎ㔘ࡋࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ┈࣭ ⚾㈈ࢆᚓࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀᖖᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠘ ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶᑐࡋࠊ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍせᅉࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙜ ࡞ᅽຊࢆࡢࡼ࠺㜵ࡄࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ⊃⩏ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓἲᚊࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡸຠ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸࣓ࢹࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᵝ࡞ከᵝ ࡞ሗ፹యࡢ┦స⏝ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺ពࢆఏ࠼ࡿ ʄ ᥥࡢၥ㢟㸸 ࣓ࢹࡣࠊሗࠊேࡧࠊᩥࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࠊሙᡤ࡞ࢆࠊࡢࡼ࠺ ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ ʄ ⏝⪅ࠊᕷẸࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢᙺ ʄ ⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢసᡂࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࣓ࢹ⤖ࡧࡘࡃࡇ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚ࢃࢀࡿᇶᮏᴫᛕࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࡇࢀࡽᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡛ࠊ⏝⪅ࡸᕷẸࡀ࣓ࢹࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡍࡿ㝿 ࡢࡼ࠺ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮ࡢ≀ㄒࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ ࠊᥦ♧ࡍࡿሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙧᡂࡍࡿࠊΰἁࡋ࡚࠸࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸⣲ᮦࢆ⣔⤫❧࡚ ࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆ࠺ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡀ࠺ᵝࠎ࡞ᢏ ⾡ࡸࠊ࣓ࢹࡀ࠺ࠕࢥ࣮ࢻࠖ㸦⏝ㄒ㞟ཧ⪃㸧ゎ㔘ࡢ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡇࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊㄡࡀሗࢆసࡾฟࡋࠊᵓᡂࡍࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᾘ㈝⪅⮬ ㌟ࡢឤࡌ᪉ࡀࠊሗࡢᥦ♧᪉ἲᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࢀࡃࡽ࠸⬟ ືⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┦ⓗ࣓ࢹ㛵࡛ࡁࡿ࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 66 ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࢆヲࡋࡃㄪࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿࠊࡢࡼ࠺ព ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࡿࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺ホ ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᚋ༙㒊ศࡢ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ⌮ゎࡀᚲせ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹゝㄒሗゝㄒ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ〇స⪅ࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭẁࢆ࠸ࠊ ࡑࢀࢆᥥࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡣࠊ୍⯡ᕷẸࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊࡑࡋ࡚ཷࡅ ධࢀࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ʄ ࢥ࣮ࢻࠊỴࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰㸦⏝ㄒ㞟ཧ↷㸧ࠊࠕ㔜せ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲ࠖࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᩥἲࡣఱ ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣓ࢹゎㄝ⪅ࠊ࣐࣮ࢩ࣭࣐ࣕࣝࢡ࣮ࣝࣁࣥࡣࠊ࣓ࠗࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡿ࠘ 17 ᭩ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ⮬య– ༳ๅࠊᨺ㏦ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ – ࡀࠊᡃࠎࡀୡ⏺ࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡿ᪉ἲᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡢ㑅ᢥࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀཷࡅࡿሗ ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚㐠ࡤࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࡢ ࡼ࠺ᙧసࡽࢀࡲࡍ㸽 ࣓ࢹᥥሗ ʄ ࣓ࢹ࣭࣓࣮ࢪࡲࡓࡣ࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ᫎീࡲࡓࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ᩥ⬦ࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡛ㄡࡀ┈ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊㄡࡀᦆࢆࡋࡲࡍ 㸽 ʄ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀᡃࠎ⮬㌟ࡸࡢேࡧࢆぢࡿ᪉ἲࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡋࡲ ࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣓࣮ࢪࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊᡃࠎࡢ┤᥋ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓୡ⏺ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ▱㆑ ⌮ゎࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣓࣮ࢪࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ⏨ዪᖹ➼ࠊዪᛶࡢ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࠊ ඛఫẸᑡᩘẸ᪘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᡃࠎࡢぢ᪉ᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࡀࡇࡲ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ไస/⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ ʄ ே㛫ࡢάືࡢᴫᛕࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍɆㄡࡀ࣓ࢹሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆసࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠊ ࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄᕷẸᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡓࡵࡢࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⾲⌧ࡢᶒࡘ࡞ࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ⬟ືⓗᕷẸཧຍࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡘ࡞ࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ㈨ᩱ㸦ே㛫ࠊ㈈ᨻࠊᢏ⾡ࠊࡑࡢ㸧つไࡀࡇࡇ࡛⪃៖ࡉࢀࡲࡍ ᕷẸ⏝⪅/ᾘ㈝⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ʄ ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡾ⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ McLuhan & Fiore 1967. The Medium is the Message: An Inventory of Effects. Penguin Modern Classics.㸦༡༤ヂࠊ᪂∧࣓ࠗࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢧ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡿ࠘Ἑฟ᭩ᡣ᪂ ♫,2010㸧 67 17 ʄ ♫άື✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᕷẸ⏝⪅/ᾘ㈝⪅ࡣࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢෆᐜᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࢀࡽ⮬㌟࡛ ࡑࡢពࢆぢᴟࡵࡲࡍ ʄ ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣࠊ㏱᫂ᛶࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵බṇࡉᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࢆᮇᚅࡋࡲࡍ ʄ ⏝⪅/ᾘ㈝⪅ࡣࠊሗࡢಶேⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊ♫ⓗࠊᩥⓗ࡞せồࢆᣢࡕࡲࡍ ࣓ࢹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⏝⪅/ᾘ㈝⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᕷẸ ʄ ሗᥦ౪ࡣࠊ㈨ᩱࢆࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᇶ‽࡛㑅ࡧࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࠼ࡤᅗ᭩㤋ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢹ࡛ࡣࠊᮏࡸᐃᮇห⾜≀ࡸࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨ᩱࢆ ࡢࡼ࠺ண⣙ࡋࡓࡾ㉎ධࡋࡓࡾࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ࠊබⓗ⚾ⓗ࡞ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣓ࢹࡋ࡚ྵࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊࡢࡼ ࠺㈨㔠ࢆຓᡂࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࣓ࢹࡣࠊࡑࡢሗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡽࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ධࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ᇶᮏⓗ࡞㉁ၥ ʄ ࡇࡢ࣓ࢹ/ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ┠ⓗࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄ ࡇࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ㄡࡀࡑࢀࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡓ㸽 ʄ ㄡࡀㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ࠺ࡋ࡚ศࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ せ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄ ㄡࡀࢇ࡞┈ࢆᚓࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ⮬ศࡀせồࡍࡿሗࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄ ⮬ศࡣࡇࡢせồࢆࡢࡼ࠺☜ㄆࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ⮬ศࡀせồࡍࡿሗࡣࠊ⮬ศࡀせồࡍࡿᙧᘧࡢ୰࠶ࡿ㸽ࡶࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊࢇ࡞ ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ぢࡘࡅࡓሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࠊホ౯ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ⮬ศࡀࡇࡢሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲ ࡍ㸽 ʄ ⮬ศࡣࡢᵝࡋ࡚ࠊሗࢆಖᣢࡋࠊಖ⟶ࡋࠊ⏝ࡋࠊグ㘓ࡋࠊබᩥ᭩ሗࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 — άື ʄ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㑅ࢇࡔ࣓ࢹሗࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ࠸ࡃࡘྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࠊୖグࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞㉁ၥ ⟅࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡼࡗ࡚࣓ࢹไస࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࠊఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊពᅗࡉࢀࡓㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣఱࢆᏛࡪࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࠊಶேⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒῭ⓗάືࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࠊ᭩ࡁࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ୖグ࡛ࠕ⮬ศࡀせồࡍࡿሗࡣఱ㸽ࠖࡽጞࡲࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞㉁ၥᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ᮅ㉳ࡁࡓ▐㛫ࡽኪ࣋ࢵࢻᡠࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ୍᪥ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢάືࢆ᭩ࡁࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ௨ ୗࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ⮬ศࡣࡇࡢάືࡢࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࢆᚲせࡋ ࡲࡍ㸽ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ᭹ࢆ╔ࡿࡓࡵእࡢ ᗘࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; ࣂࢫࡿ๓ࠊ ㏻≧ἣࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ;࣮ࣟࣥࢆ⤌ࡵࡿ࠺ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵ⤒῭ࡘ ࠸࡚▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㆟ㄽ㸸᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ሗࡣࡢࡃࡽ࠸㔜せ࡛ࡍ㸽ሗ ࡀ↓࠸ࡓࡵࠊពᛮỴᐃࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡿάືࡣࡢࡃࡽ࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ ᅗ᭩㤋ࡲࡓࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᖺᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌ࠊᫎ ⏬ࡲࡓࡣᗈ࿌ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࡞࡛᭱ࡶᡂຌࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡀᡂຌࡍࡿࡓ 68 ࡵ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗࡓ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡓ㸽ୖグࡢᇶᮏⓗ㉁ၥᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚⪃࠼ࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡣࠊᙼࡽࡢሗ※ࢆࠊ⦅㞟⪅ࢆูࡋ࡚ࠊ᫂ࡽࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᶒ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࠕࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣࠊᖖ☜ドࢆࡿᡄᚊࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸0,/࠾ࡼࡧᩍᤵᏛ⩦ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ MIL࠾ࡼࡧᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⌮ゎ ʄ MILࡢࡓࡵࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲ ʄ MILࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᩍ⫱MILࡼࡿᩍ⫱ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ MILࡀᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࢆᙉࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ʄ MIL㛵㐃ࡋࡓᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࡑࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆ⏝ࡍࡿάືࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື MILࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯ࡢ᭱⤊⠇ཧ↷㸧 ㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ ㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡣࠊ⌧௦♫࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵㐃ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡢ᥈✲ά ື㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡃᏊࡶ୰ᚰࡢᏛ⩦᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢᏛ⩦ࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᥈✲ࡸၥ㢟ゎỴࠊពᛮỴᐃ࠸ࡗࡓάືࡢ ≉ᚩࢆከࡃྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏛ⩦ࡢẁ㝵ࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡢ᰿ᗏ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼᪉ ࡸᛮࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࠊㄢ㢟ࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡿᐇᮏ㉁ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࠊドᣐࢆⓎぢࡋࠊ ᩚ⌮ࡋࠊศᯒࡍࡿࡇࠊㄢ㢟ࢆゎ㔘ࡋゎỴ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼♧ࡍࡇࠊゎỴ⟇ࢆᇶᐇ㝿⾜ື ⛣ࡋࠊྛẁ㝵ࡢ⤖ᯝᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚ぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ୍㐃ࡢẁ㝵ࡣࠊㄢ㢟ࢆ῝ࡃ᥈✲ࡍࡿ ᶵࢆ⏕ᚐ࠼ࡿࡇࡽࠊMIL ࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡋ࡚㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ MIL࡛ࡢㄢ㢟᥈✲Ꮫ⩦ࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹศᯒࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ே✀ࡢᥥࢆㄪ ࡿࡇࠊ ୍ḟ㈨ᩱ㸦࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ࡞㈨ᩱ㸧ḟ㈨ᩱ㸦୍ḟ㈨ᩱࢆࡲࡵࡓ㈨ᩱ㸧ࡢศᯒ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮࣓ࢹࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡿࡇࠊࢿࢵࢺ࠸ࡌࡵࢆ࢚ࢫࣀࢢࣛࣇ࣮ ⓗᡭἲ㸦ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⾜ືࢆ┤᥋ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪࡿࡇࠋ ၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦(PBL) ၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ၥ㢟ゎỴ⬟ຊࢆ ྠఙࡤࡍࡓࡵࡢࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛤Ⓨࡑࡢᣦᑟἲࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡣඖࠎ ࢝ࢼࢲ࣭࢜ࣥࢱࣜ࢜ᕞࡢ࣐ࢡ࣐ࢫࢱ࣮Ꮫࡢ་Ꮫ㒊࡛㛤ⓎࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᏛ⩦࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ⏕ᚐࡀᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࢆᢈุⓗ῝ࡃ᥈✲ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊಶࠎࡢ▱㆑㞟ᅋⓗ▱㆑ 69 ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࠊ㧗ᗘయ⣔ࡉࢀࡓ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡢᙧែ࡛ࡍࠋᏛ⩦┠ⓗࠊ᥈✲ㄢ㢟᪉ἲࠊᡂᯝ ࡣࡍ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡼࡗ࡚⪃࠼ฟࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ MIL ࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ゎỴᆺᏛ⩦ࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞࣐ ࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢタィࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ ⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡀ⮬↛ୡ⏺ࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓࡾࠊⓎぢࡋࡓドᣐᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡾࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡿከᵝ࡞ᡭἲࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋ᥈✲ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ᥈✲ࡢࢧࢡࣝࡤ ࢀࡿ୍㐃ࡢᡭ㡰ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ᥈✲ࡢࢧࢡࣝࡣࠊほᐹࢆࡍࡿࠊၥࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࠊ ᪤Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࠊㄪᰝࡢィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࠊᐇ㦂ࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡓドᣐࡽ 㐣ཤࡢ▱㆑ࢆぢ┤ࡍࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟࣭ศᯒ࣭ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ㸦ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࡞㸧ࢆ࠺ࠊ ⤖ᯝࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠊ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢάືࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡣ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ㝿ࡶ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲ࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ ࣓ࢹᭀຊࡢᙳ㡪ࡢㄪᰝࡸࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢㄪᰝࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ◊✲ ◊✲ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ㇟ࡸฟ᮶ࢆ῝ࡃ⪃ᐹࡍࡿᏛ⩦᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ◊✲ࡣࠊඖࠎ ࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢫࢡ࣮ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࢃࢀጞࡵࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᐇ 㝿ࡢ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ⏕ά࡛ࡢయ㦂ࢆࡇࡢᏛ⩦ά⏝ࡋ ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᡭἲࡶࡲࡓࠊMIL ࡢᏛ⩦㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ࣓ࢹࡸࡑࡢ ࡽࡢሗ᪥ࠎࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ◊✲ࡣฟ᮶ࢆほᐹࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡵࠊ ሗࢆศᯒࡋࠊ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ࠸࠺య⣔ⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᥈✲ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛ⏕ࡣࠊฟ᮶ࡸ㇟ࡀ࡞ࡐࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡼ ࡾ῝࠸⪃ᐹࡸ⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࡣࠊ௬タࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࡸ㉸సᫎ⏬ࡢୖᫎࠊ ࡲࡓࡣ᭷ྡ࡞࣓ࢹ〇ရࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ◊✲ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ༠ാᏛ⩦ ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡀඹ㏻ࡢ┠ᶆྥࡗ୍࡚⥴సᴗࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡛ࡍࠋ༠ാ Ꮫ⩦ࡣ༢⣧࡞ே୍⤌ࡢసᴗࡽࠊࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ᙧែࡢసᴗࡲ࡛ࠊᵝࠎ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾ」㞧࡞స ᴗࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᏛ⩦㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯ཧ↷㸧ࡸࢪࢢࢯ࣮Ꮫ⩦㸦ࣃ࣮ࢺ㸯ཧ↷㸧ࠊᏛ⏕ྠኈ ࡛㉁ၥࡋྜ࠺ࡇࠊ┦ᩍ࠼ྜ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾࠊᴫᛕⓗ࡞⌮ゎ 㧗ḟࡢᛮ⪃⬟ຊࡢⓎᒎࠊᑐேⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊᏛᰯ⮬ᕫᑐࡍࡿ๓ྥࡁ࡞ែᗘࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᗈ⠊ᅖࢃࡓࡗ࡚⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᏛၥୖࡢ␗✀ᛶᑐฎࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࠊከࡃࡢ Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ࠸ࢹࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊᏛࡧྜ࠺ࡇࢆᚲせ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊMIL ࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ༠ാᏛ⩦ࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ࢘࢟✵㛫࠾ࡅࡿ ༠ാసᴗ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ ⏕ᚐࡣከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡸࢥࣥ࣋ࣥࢩࣙࣥࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌࠊࢸࢡࢫ ࢺศᯒࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣグྕศᯒఝࡓసᴗ࡛ࠊᇶᮏᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ࡞⌮ゎࡢ㐩ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ッ࠼ࡿෆᐜࡢࣜ ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⏝ࡉࢀࡿゝⴥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࡸỴࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ ࡀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋ⏕ᚐࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᢏ⾡ⓗࠖࠊࠕ㇟ 70 ᚩⓗࠖࠊࠕ≀ㄒⓗࠖ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࢆᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࢡࢫ ࢺศᯒࡣࠊᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞カ⦎ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊMIL ࡢᑟධ࠸ࡗࡓពࡢ࠶ࡿᩥ ⬦࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠺ࡀࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢグࠊYouTube ࡢᫎീࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ ࡢᫎീ࡞ࠊ⏕ᚐࡀ⯆ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ ┠ⓗࠊస⪅ࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡸᩥ⬦ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ศ ᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ᩥ⬦ศᯒ Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᴫᛕࡸMILࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ㛵㐃ࡋࡓࠊᇶᮏ ⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦ศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆᏛࡧࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢࠊᩥ⬦ศᯒᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡀࠊ ⮬ᅜࡢᫎ⏬ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒ࡢศ㢮య⣔ࢆᏛࡪࡇࡸࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ 㞟୰ࡀࠊẸ⩏ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤࠸࠺ၥ㢟ᑐࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࢆᏛࡪࡇ ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ ⩻ヂ ࡇࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ1ࡘࡢ࣓ࢹ࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿሗࢆࠊูࡢ࣓ࢹ⨨ࡁ ࠼ࡓࡾࠊ᭩ࡁ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿసᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ㸸 ʄ Ꮫ࡛ࡢฟ᮶ࡀ᭩࠸࡚࠶ࡿ᪂⪺グࢆࠊ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ࣭ࣛࢪ࣭࢜ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫኚ࠼ࡿ ʄ Ꮚࡶྥࡅᫎ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࢆぢࡓᚋࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࠊࡑࡢሙ㠃୍⮴ࡍࡿ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆᥥࡁࠊ ᫎീෆࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺࠊࣥࢢࣝࠊ᥎⛣ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ʄ ᫇ヰࢆࡶࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᫎ⏬⏝ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࡍࡿ ʄ ࠶ࡿே≀㛵ࡍࡿᫎീࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࠊ▷࠸ࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚〇సࢆࡍࡿ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡸ࣓ࢹࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠾࠸࡚ࡦࡘࡢᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡋ࡚ ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋᣦᑟ⪅ࡣࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕࣓ࢹᏛ⩦ࡀࠕࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡶࡢࠖࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡢᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞㐣⛬ࢆᚋ࡛Ꮫ⏕㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍ㸸 ʄ Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜไసࢳ࣮࣒࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ⱝ⪅ྥࡅࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆไసࡋ ࡲࡍࠋ ʄ Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࡲࡓࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ ᩍ⫱ࢆㄪࠊ࣓ࢹᩍᖌࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ ⏝⦅㞟ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᏛ⏕ࡣᏛࢆ㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࢳ࣮࣒࡞ࡗࡓࡘࡶࡾ࡛ࠊᏛ⏕άࢆ⤂ࡍࡿ▷ ࠸ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢไసࢆ⏬ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹไస ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊᐇయ㦂ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫࡪ࠸࠺ 21 ୡ⣖࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑⋓ᚓࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᣢࡕ ࡲࡍࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࡼࡾ῝ࡃࠊពࡢ࠶ࡿෆᐜࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࢆ᥈✲ࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹไస࠾ࡼࡧሗࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢไస࡛ࡣࠊㄪࡓࡾάືࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ Ꮫ⏕ࡣᏛ⩦ἐ㢌ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ(ど⫈ぬࡸάᏐ)ࡢไసࡼࡗ ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ⮬ศࡢኌࡸࢹࠊどⅬࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ㐀ຊࢆⓎࡋࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡲࡍࠋ 71 ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊiMovie(Apple Inc.ࡢⓏ㘓ၟᶆ㸧ࡸ Moviemaker(Microsoft Corporation ࡢၟᶆⓏ㘓㸧(ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㢮ఝࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡗࡓࣇ࣮ࣜࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘)ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡸ⯆ ࡢ࠶ࡿၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ 1 ศ㛫ࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࢡࣜࢵࣉࢆไసࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ — ࣓ࢹไస㛵㐃ࡋࡓάື ʄ ᩍᖌࠊMILࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢୖグࡢ10㏻ࡾࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡽࠊ࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᪉ ἲࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊᐇ㊶ࢆゎㄝࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚MILࡢᩍᤵᏛ⩦࠾ ࠸࡚ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆຠᯝⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆ≉ᐃࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓάືࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ʄ Civic Education for Media Professionals: A Training Manual, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001804/180402e.pdf ʄ Understanding Informational Literacy: A Primer, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001570/157020e.pdf ʄ Big6, www.big6.com ʄ Media Development Indicators: A framework for assessing media development, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001631/163102e.pdf ʄ Committee of Concerned Journalists, www.concernedjournalists.org/tools/principles/rights ʄ Journalism.org, http://www.journalism.org/resources/principles ʄ Media Education: A Kit for Teachers, Students, Parents and Professionals, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001492/149278e.pdf ʄ Towards Information Literacy Indicators: Conceptual Framework Paper, www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/cscl/InfoLit.pdf 72 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ࣓ࢹ⌮ሗ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ࠗࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ┿ᐇࢆㄒࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡔࡽேࡧࡣ᭱㧗ࡢሗࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠘Jack Fuller, in News Reporting and Writing ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ᪂ࡋ࠸ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡(ICT)ࡢฟ⌧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ࣓ࢹ㸦ࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅ᪂⪺⣬㸧 ࡢ⠊ᅖᙳ㡪ࡀቑຍࡋࠊሗࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡀࠊ௨๓ࡶࡲࡋ࡚ࡼࡾᗈࡃ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢሗ௦ࠊᡃࠎ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ Ⰻ࠸⤫ࠊ㛤ᨺⓗࠊẸⓗࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓ♫ࠊ࠾ࡅࡿᕷẸཧຍ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡿࡶ ࡢࡀࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࣉࣟࡢሗ᪂ᪧࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹ㸦᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㸧ከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ ౪⪅ࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⚾⏕άẸ⩏ࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚ᯝࡓࡍᙺᶵ⬟ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᙺ ᶵ⬟ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤẸⓗ⮬⏤ሗ⌮ࢆᙉࡋࠊᕷẸࡢ㈐௵ᕷẸᶒࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ㏱ ᫂ᛶㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡢせồಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹ ࡢ㐍ࡀࠊ༢♫ࢆᫎࡍ㙾࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡾࡶࠊሗࡢ㛛␒ࠊࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢᶵ ⬟ࢆࡶࡘ┘ど⪅ࠊබඹࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᡭຓࡅࡋᕷẸཧຍࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺࢆᣢࡘࡇࡶ ᴫほࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊሗࡢ⮬⏤⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢၥ㢟࡞ࡽࡧࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡢ ṇ☜ࡉࡸㄝ᫂㈐௵㏱᫂ᛶࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡢ࠾ࡆ࡛ࠊᡃࠎࡣࠊ⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࠊ࠼ࡤᕷẸࡼࡿ┠ᧁ ሗࡢሗ࿌ࡢቑຍࡶ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡀᵝࠎ࡞ኌぢ㏻ࡋࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ᪥ ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫከࡃࡢሗ※ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᢈุⓗホ౯ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣓ࢹሗࡘ࠸࡚ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡛ࠊᩍᖌࡣࠊẖ᪥ཷࡅࡿሗࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊබᖹ࡛ṇ☜࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࢆせồࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᕷẸⓗ⩏ົ ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ⮬⏤࡛ࠊ⊂❧ࡋ࡚ࠊከඖⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࢆ㣴ㆤࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 1. ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒♫ 2. ⮬⏤ࠊ⌮㈐௵ 3. ఱࡀࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡞ࡿ㸸 ᇶ‽ࢆㄪࡿ 4. ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸸 4W1Hࢆ㉺࠼࡚ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸸ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒♫ ᩘ:㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࠕゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠕฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢᴫᛕᐇ㊶ࡢ㐍 73 ʄ♫࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ┠ⓗẸ⩏ࡢᵓ㐀࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙺ 㸦࠼ࡤ⮬⏤ࠊ㈐௵ࠊ㏱᫂ᛶࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵㸧 ʄ21ୡ⣖࠾ࡅࡿᅜᐙⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢᙺ㈐௵㸦࠼ࡤୡ⏺ࢆᫎ ࡋࡔࡍࡶࡢࠊ㛛␒ࠊ┘ど⪅ࠊ⿵ຓ⪅ࠊಁ㐍⪅㸧 ʄබ┈ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࠊ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ᑐࡍࡿ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶ ʄሗ⌮ࡢᙺ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࠕゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠕฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢᴫᛕᐇ㊶ࡢ㊧ࢆࡓࡿࡇ ʄ Ẹ⩏Ⰻ࠸⤫ࢆᙉࡋࡓࡾ㐙⾜ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ┠ⓗࡑࡢ ᙺࢆヲ⣽ᥥࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ʄᅜᐙ࠾ࡼࡧᅜ㝿♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊබ┈ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࣉࣟࡢሗᐙࡢᙺ㈐ ௵ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࠗᩥ᫂ࡣࠊࡗ࡚࡞࠸ᙉຊ࡞ᛮ⪃ࢆ⏕ࢇࡔ – ࡑࢀࡣࠊேࡧࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᛮ⪃ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊሗࡘ࠸࡚ᕧ࡞₍ ↛ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽసࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࢇࡔࠋࡇࡢ2ࡘࡢࡇࡣࠊ୍⥴ᾋ㐟ࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠘Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᶒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⚾ࡓࡕே㛫ࡢ₯ᅾ⬟ຊ ࢆ᭱ⓎࡍࡿࡓࡵḞࡏ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊேࡢᶒ⮬⏤♫ⓗ⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎࢆ ᨭ࠼ࡿᇶ┙࡛࠶ࡿࠊ㛗࠸㛫⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊሗࡸᛮ⪃ࡢ ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢබⓗ࡞ᇶ┙ࢆᚲせࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡑࡢᇶ┙ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࢆ㔜せ࡞ᙺ ࡋ࡚ᚲせࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᐇࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡣᆅᇦࡸᨻᗓ ࡢᨭ㓄ࡽ⊂❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᨭ㓄ࡽࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼ ࣜࢫࢺ⌮ⓗάືࡍࡿ⩏ົࢆㄢࡋࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊሗ㐨ࡢつ‽ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿᑓ㛛ⓗࢥ ࣮ࢻࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᣦᑟ⪅ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢάືࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍ㸸 άື ʄ ᩍᖌࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᅜ࡛ࠕゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠕฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢ㐍ᒎࢆㄪ࡚ሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊṔྐࡢ⠇┠ࢆྵࡳࡲࡍ㸸 ࣭ࠕゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠕฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢ⌮ㄽᐇ㊶ࡢṔྐⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎ ࣭ ሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤Ẹ⩏≉ู࡞㈉⊩ࢆࡋࡓࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡸ࣓ࢹ࣭࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ࣥ ࢩ࣮ ࣭ ࣓ࢹࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡓẸ㐠ືࡢฟ᮶ ʄྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊẸ⩏ࢆ㐍ᒎࡉࡏせồࡍࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᙺࡘ ࠸࡚ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗෆᐜࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ ᡤ᭷⪅ࡢ┈බඹࡢ┈ࡢ㛫ࡢ₯ᅾⓗ࡞⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࢆㄪᩚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠊ࣓ࢹሗ㐨 ࡀᅜᐙⓗ࡞ぢᆅᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ぢᆅࡢ㛫࡛㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡓࡢ≉ᐃࡢࢆᘬ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡼ࠺ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ౫㢗ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗᇶ࡙ࡃ2࣌ ࣮ࢪࡢグࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ≉ᐃࡢᶵ⬟ࠊ࣓ࢹࡀ᧯సࡋࡓ᪉ἲࠊ 74 ᑐฎࡉࢀࡓ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄㄞࢇࡔࡶࡢࡸࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢ⤖ᯝ㛵ࡍࡿホ౯ࡢグ㍕ ʄ࣓ࢹẸ⩏㛵㐃ࡋࡓၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿ࢚ࢵࢭࡲࡓࡣࣈࣟࢢ ʄࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᏛ⩦άື㸦࠼ࡤ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠊࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡞㸧ࡢཧຍ ヲ⣽࡞⪃ᐹࡢࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄ᪂⪺⤫ไࡢ◊✲ ʄࣉࣟࣃࣥ࢞ࣥࢲᑐࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸⮬⏤ࠊ⌮ࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵ ᩘ:㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢ⮬⏤ሗ⌮ ʄ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࠊᐇ㊶ࢥ࣮ࢻࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ⦅㞟ᐊ࡛ࡢୡ⏺ⓗ࡞౯್㸸 ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺሗࡢ ࣉࣟࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ ʄྲྀᮦࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢฎ⌮࠾ࡅࡿሗ㐨⌮㸦⌮ጤဨࠊ࢜ࣥࣈࢬ࣐ࣥࠊ⊂❧ሗ㐨ホ㆟/ ሗ㐨㑂Ᏺጤဨ㸧 ʄሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ᧦ㆤ࣓ࢹࡢ┘ど⪅ ʄᕷẸࡢᶒ㈐௵㸸 ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺᕷẸࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࡇ ʄᕷẸሗ㐨⏝⪅సᡂᆺࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊሗࡢ⮬⏤ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ཎ⌮ཬࡧࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨 ࡢࡼ࠺ྵࡲࢀࡿࠊࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ ʄಶேⓗࠊᑓ㛛ⓗࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ሗࡢࣉࣟࡢᐇ㊶⌮ࡀࡢ ࡼ࠺࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤㈐௵ࡢ㏣ồಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࠊሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ᧦ㆤ࣓ࢹࡢ┘ど⪅ࡢᙺ ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ୍㐃ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ሗࡢࣉࣟࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᕷẸࡢᶒ㈐௵ࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ࡇ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡾࠊබඹࡢ㆟ㄽࢆẸⓗ㐍ࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿάⓎ࡞ཧຍ⪅ ࡋ࡚ࠊᕷẸࡼࡿሗ㐨ࠊᕷẸࡢᙺࡢ㐍ᒎࠊ⣲ேࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋ࡚ศ ᯒࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࡘࡲࡿࡇࢁࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡣேබࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࡔࠋ 㸦 Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism㸧 ᨻᗓࡀ࣓ࢹࢆ⟶⌮ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊฟ᮶ࢆ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ᭱㧗ࡢࡶࡢࡋ࡚ሗ㐨 75 ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢ⊂❧ᛶ⬟ຊࢆᖸ΅ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ࣓ࢹࡣ♫࡛ ࡁ࡞ຊࢆࡿ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⾜Ⅽ⪅㸦ࢡࢱ࣮㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊᙼࡽࡢ⮬⏤ࢆつไᨭ㓄 ࡽಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ≀ㄒฟ᮶ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ሗ㐨ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ⌮ⓗ࡞άືつᚊࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫ ࢺ⮬㌟ࢆつไࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㏻ᖖࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ሗ㐨⌮ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦ᛂ⏝㸧 ʄࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡼࡗ࡚☜❧ࡉࢀࡓ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ – 㸦ࡦࡘࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ ᅜ㝿ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ㐃┕(International Federation of Journalists)ࡼࡗ࡚☜❧ࡉࢀࡓ ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ; ࡢ࡛ࡣBBCࡢᑓ㛛ᐙᇶ‽ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢྛࠎࡢせ ⣲࠾ࡅࡿពᅗࡉࢀࡓ┠ⓗࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ ࡞ࡐ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊ࡞ࡐᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ ࡞࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ྠពࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊ࡞ࡐእ㒊ࡢ࢚࣮ࢪ࢙ ࣥࢺࡸᶒጾࡼࡗ࡚ᙉせࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ሗࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦ᛂ⏝㸧 ʄሗࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡋ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤྖ᭩ࡸグ㘓⟶⌮ᐁ㸦࣮࢟ࣅࢫࢺ㸧ࡀࡶࡘせ࡞ཎ๎ࡸ౯ ್ࡼࡗ࡚☜❧ࡉࢀࡓ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㸦࠼ࡤᅜ㝿බᩥ᭩㤋༠ࡼࡗ࡚ ☜❧ࡉࢀࡓグ㘓⟶⌮ᐁࡢࡓࡵࡢ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࠊࡲࡓࡣ⡿ᅜᅗ᭩㤋༠ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊྖ᭩ࡢࡓ ࡵಶࠎࡢᅜࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ⌮ࡢᑓ㛛ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ㸧 ࣭ ᡤ᭷ࠊࢡࢭࢫࠊࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࠊࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ㛵㐃ࡋࡓሗ⌮ ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ ሗ⌮ࡀࠊಶேࡢỴᐃࠊ⫋ᴗୖࡢᴗົබඹᨻ⟇ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡘ࠸ ࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭᪂ࡋ࠸ሗࡢᙧᘧせồࡢ㐍ᒎࡀࠊࡢᵝ⌮ⓗཎ๎ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡲࡓࡇ ࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡀࡢᵝ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡢ㸦࠼ࡤࢹࢪࢱࣝࡢಖᏑࠊᗈሗᑐࡍࡿࣉ ࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࢡࢭࢫ࡞㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ άື ʄFreedom House㸦www.freedomhouse.org㸧ࡸᅜቃ࡞ࡁグ⪅ᅋࡀⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕୡ⏺ሗ 㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࠖࡼࡿホ౯ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡇࢀࡽ㛵㐃ࡋࡓᆅᇦⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡋ࡚ࠊཷ ㅮ⏕ࡣ࠼ࡤ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣇࣟࣂ࣓࣮ࣟࢱ࣮㸦ᅜẸព㆑ㄪᰝ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡸࠊ⮬ศࡓ ࡕࡢᅜࡢᶵ㛵ࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿホ౯࡞ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ (1) ⮬ศࡀࡑ ࡢホ౯ྠពࡍࡿ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ (2)⮬ศࡢᅜᑐࡍࡿሗ㐨ࡢฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢホ౯ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓせᅉࡲࡓࡣኚᩘࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢホ౯࡛࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀ ࡿᇶ‽ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ ༳ๅࠊᨺ㏦ࠊ࣓࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢹ㸦࠼ࡤࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸧ࡢ⮬⏤ᗘ ࣭ ࣓ࢹࡢࡓࡵࡢἲᚊ㛵ࡍࡿ⎔ቃ ࣭ ሗ㐨ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿᨻⓗᅽຊ ࣭ ሗࡢࢡࢭࢫᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⤒῭ⓗせᅉ ࣭ ࣓ࢹᡤ᭷ࡢ㞟୰ ࣭ ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࣓ࢹࡢ┤᥋ᨷᧁ ࣭ ࣓ࢹࡢᅜႠ⊂༨ᴗࡢᏑᅾ ࣭ ᳨㜀ࡢᏑᅾ࣓ࢹࡢ⮬ᕫ᳨㜀 ࣭ ᾏእࡽࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࡢᚅ㐝 76 ʄୡ⏺ࡣࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵ㐠ືࡍࡿከࡃࡢ⤌⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡢInternational Media SupportࠊࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢArticle 19ࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚ ࢡࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺಖㆤጤဨࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋάⓎ࡛⮬⏤࡞ሗ㐨ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⤌⧊ࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ ᅜ࠶ࡿ࠺ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤌⧊ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢಖㆤ 㛵ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᣦᑟᩍဨࡣࠊࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱࣉࠊ⚄ヰసࡾࠊࢃ࠸ࡏࡘࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ࣭࣓࣮ࢪࢆྵࡴ ೫ぢࢆ⾲ࡍሗ㐨ࡢࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢᶆ‽ⓗ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡞ ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡢ㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊሗ㐨ᫎീࡢ୰࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆᥦฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᣦᑟᩍဨࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭࢜ࣥࣈࢬ࣐ࣥࡸ࣓ࢹ┘ど⪅ࡢ⤌⧊㸦ࡲࡓࡣ㢮ఝࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸧 ࡢ௦⾲ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ࡚ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙ࠸ࢃࢀࡿேඹ㏻ࡍࡿᢈุࡸ‶ࡸࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜ ࢫࢺࡸሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡢ⌮ⓗ࡞㐣ࡕࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᣦᑟᩍဨࡣ⌮ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢつᐃࢆぢ࡚ࠊ ฟ᮶ࡀ᪤Ꮡࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ࡛༑ศ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀࡿ࠺ㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊ ᆅඖࡢ࣓ࢹࡢᨭ㒊㟁ヰࢆࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢࡓࡵࡢάືつ⠊ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ ㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡉࡽࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢつ⠊ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⾜ࡉࢀࠊᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢆᑜࡡࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᣦᑟᩍဨࡣࠊὶ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞ฟ᮶ࡸၥ㢟ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ᕷẸ ࡼࡿ ሗ㐨⠊ᅖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋ 㛫㐪࠸ࠊࡲࡓࡣ೫ࡾࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑ ࢀࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣࠊ࠼ࡤฟ∧/⾲⌧/ሗࡢ⮬⏤ࡢጉᐖࡸࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㠀 ⌮ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㸦ẖ᪥㸧ほᐹࡋࡓࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝࡸ᪥ㄅࢆグධࡋࠊࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ ࡑࢀࡽࢆ⤫ྜࡋ࡚グ㘓ࢆṧࡍࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ࣓ࢹࣟࢢ ʄ ◊✲ሗ࿌㸦࠼ࡤࠊሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢホ౯ࠊάືつ⠊ࠊᕷẸⓗሗ㐨㸧 ʄ ࢸࣞࣅᫎ⏬ࡢど⫈ࡘ࠸࡚ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡓ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ ʄ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦άືࡢཧຍ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠊࢡࣛࢫࡢ㆟ㄽ㸧 ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄ ᕷẸࡢ▱ࡿᶒሗࡢ⮬⏤ࡢཎ๎㸸 Article 19 ʄ ሗࡢ⮬⏤/⾲⌧㸸 ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ዎ⣙ࠊ័ࠊᐉゝࠊ᠇❶ࠊᅜෆࡢἲ௧㸦᠇ἲⲡ㸸ྡẋ ᦆἲࠊᅜᐙࡢᏳ㸧 ʄ ሗ㛵ࡍࡿἲつᡭ⥆ࡁ㸹ᐉゝ≉ᶒࠊ່࿌ྠᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ ʄ ሗࡢἲᚊ࡛ࠊ༑ศ࡞⮬⏤ᐇࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㒊ศ ʄ ⮬ᕫつไ࣓ࢹ࣭࢜ࣥࣈࢬ࣐ࣥ ʄ ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࡢᶒ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ఱࡀࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆసࡿࡢ㸫ᇶ‽ࡢ᥈⣴ ᩘ:㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ሗ㐨ࡢ౯್ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ 77 ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢุ᩿ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ࡸࠊฟ᮶ࠊேࠊᛮ⪃ࡢ౯್ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿ㝿ࢃࢀࡿᇶ‽ࢆグ㏙ ࡍࡿࡇ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡍࡿุ᩿ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᇶᮏཎ๎ࢆᢈุⓗ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࠗᡃࠎࡀཷࡅ⥅࠸ࡔࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⌮ㄽ … ᪂ࡋ࠸ୡ⣖ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᇶ♏ࡋ࡚ ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ⤫ྜࠊ☜ㄆࠊ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞⊂❧ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃឤぬࢆᣢࡗࡓࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ࠘Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, The Elements of Journalism ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡣ⭾࡞㔞ࡢሗࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡗࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡑࡢฟ᮶↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ ࡿࡓࡵࠊሗࢆࡢᵝ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊၥ㢟࡞ࡗࡓ ฟ᮶ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࣞ࣋ࣝࡀᵝࠎ࡛࠶ࡿཷࡅᡭ୍ᵝ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㔜 せ㸦ሗ㐨ࡍࡿ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧ᛮࢃࢀࡿ≀ㄒࢆ㑅ࡪࡇࠊࡑࡢሗࢆࡢᵝᥦ♧ࡍࡿ ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᚲ↛ⓗࠊࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦ࠎࠗࣇ࣮࣑ࣞࣥࢢ࠘ ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ㸧ࡢᙧࡣࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒㦂ᒎᮃࢆᫎࡋࡲࡍࠋཷࡅᡭࡀࡇࢀ ࡽࡢࣇ࣮࣑ࣞࣥࢢࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᢈุⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡣせ࡞᪂⪺㸦ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ∧㸧ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ➨୍㠃ࡢሗ㐨ࡢ౯್ࢆศ ᯒࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ᇶ࡙ࡁ ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊḟࡢᆺⓗ࡞せᅉࢆྵࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࣭ ࢱ࣒࣮ࣜࡉ ࣭ ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪㔜せᛶ ࣭ ┠❧ࡘࡇ ࣭ ⮬ศࡢ㌟㏆ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡇ ࣭ ┦ᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆධࢀࡿࡇ ࣭ 㠀᪥ᖖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊே㛫ⓗ࡞⯆ࡸ㛵ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࣭ ⌧௦ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࣭ ᚲせᛶ ࡑࢀࡽࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡞ࡿ࠺ࡢุ᩿ࢆసࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆᙧ ᡂࡍࡿࡁ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡿせᅉᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡀḟࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ㸸 ࣭ ㄔᐇࡉ㸸 ṇ☜ࡉ㸦ṇࡋ࠸ᐇࢆᚓࡿ㸧㤳ᑿ୍㈏ᛶ㸦ᐇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㸧 ࣭ බඹ┈ࡢᑓᛕ ࣭ ᕷẸࢆ᧯ࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊࡴࡋࢁᕷẸ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇ ࣭ ᛶ/ໟᣓᛶ ࣭ ከᵝᛶ㸦ࡍ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆྵࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ ࢚ࣥࢫࡢࡓࡵࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ㸧 グࡢ㓄⨨ࠊぢฟࡋࠊᩥᏐࡢࡁࡉࠊ┿ࠊ࢟ࣕࣉࢩࣙࣥࡶὀពࡀᡶࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᩥ⬦ศᯒ 78 ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡣࡦࡘࡢヰ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ྠࡌ᪥ࡢࠊCNNࣝࢪࣕࢪ࣮ࣛ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ ࡢ࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࢆ㑅ᢥ㸧ࡢሗ㐨ࢆぢ࡚ࠊ2ࡘࡢሗ㐨ࡢࠊࣥࢢࣜࣥࢢ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ≉ᐃࡢぢ ゎࡲࡓࡣᒎᮃࢆࡿࡶࡢ㸧ฎ⨨㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿሗࠊㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿሗ※ࠊᥦ౪ࡉ ࢀࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡢどぬⓗ࡞ຓࡅ㸧ࢆᑐẚࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫศᯒ⮬ᕫホ౯ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡣྠࡌ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿ2ࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊࡢ㒊ศࡀࡼ ࡾᙉㄪࡉࢀࠊࡼࡾ▱㆑ࢆ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࢆࡢ ࡼ࠺ᨵၿ࡛ࡁࡿࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㸦グࢆホ౯ࡍࡿᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࠊୖࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࢆཧ ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸧 ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ/ᩥ⬦ศᯒ/ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫศᯒᇶ࡙ࡃㄢ㢟 ʄࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦άື㸦࠼ࡤ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠊࢡࣛࢫ㆟ㄽ㸧ࡢཧຍ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫタᐃ㸦ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᑐࡍࡿ♫ᩥⓗࠊᨻⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪㸧 ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࣂ࣮ࣜࣗ⦅㞟㐣⛬ᑐࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫタᐃࡢຠᯝ ʄሗࡢୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ὶࢀࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢᙧᡂ ʄୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹࡢ⤌⧊㸦CNNࠊࣝࢪࣕࢪ࣮ࣛࠊBBCࠊFOXࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ㸧 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬㸸:+ࢆ㉺࠼࡚ ᩘ:㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࠊὶࢀ㸦ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ㛤Ⓨࡢ㐣⛬㸧ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ ʄࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᮏ㉁ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇドᛶࡢཎ๎ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡙ࡃࡾࡢὶࢀࡋ࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢࢹࡽࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ᭩ࡃࡓࡵࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㞟 ࡵࡲ࡛ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆᥥࡃࡇ ʄᐇドᛶࡢつᚊࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿཎ๎ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡽ༊ูࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡋࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫไస㐣⛬ࡑࡢཎ๎ࡀࡢᵝ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡀࠊㄔᐇࡉṇ☜ࡉࡢሗ㐨ⓗ࡞ᶆ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡓࡵࠊ☜ドࡢᢏ⾡ࡀࠊࡢ ࡼ࠺㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࠊሗ※ࠊୖ⣭⦅㞟⪅࣓ࢹࡢ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊグ㏙ࡍ ࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࠗ᪂⪺♫ᒆࡃࡑࡢ᪥ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡣࠊᐇࠊᐉఏࠊშࠊ࠸ࠊᡭࡾࠊᮃࡳᜍࢀࡢ㦫 ࡃࡁᐤࡏ㞟ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛㡰ᗎ❧࡚ࡿࡣࠊẸᅜᐙ࠾ ࠸࡚┿ࡢ⚄⪷࡞ࡿ⪷⫋⪅ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠘Walter Lippmann, in News Reporting and 79 Writing ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡢどᐹ ᐇᆅぢᏛࡣࠊ⦅㞟㛗ࡲࡓࡣୖ⣭⦅㞟⪅ᑐヰࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹᴗࡢᘓ≀࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊ ⦅㞟㒊࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ┤᥋ほᐹࡋࡲࡍࠋ ゼၥࡋ࡚ࠊほᐹࡋ࡚ࠊᏛࢇࡔ ࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊぢᏛ⪅ࡣሗ࿌ࢆ᭩ࡃࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣉࣟࢭࢫ᥈✲㸦ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣭࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࡢ1᪥㸧 ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ㡿ᇦࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ྠ⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡇࢆ グ㘓ࡋࡲࡍ㸸 (a) ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢࡢせ⣲ࡀ☜ᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࠊఱࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࢀࠊࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ㸦ࡲ ࡓࡣ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཝᐦㄪࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸧࡛㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡇఱࡀẚ㍑ࡉࢀࡿࡢࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ(b)ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐࠊ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࡣࠊᙼ/ᙼዪࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ㸦ࢹ ࣮ࢱࡢពࡅ㸧ࢆㄒࡿࡢࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡣࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡲࡓࡣฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᪂⪺グࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ࠊᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሗ ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆỴࡵࠊࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࠖ㝿ࡢせᅉࣉࣟ ࢭࢫࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍ㸸 ࣭ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢせ⣲㸦5W1H㸸 ㄡࡀ㸽 ࡞ࢆ㸽 ࠸ࡘ㸽 ࡇ࡛㸽 ࡞ࡐ㸽ࡢࡼ࠺㸽㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚ᐃ⩏ࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡣពࢆᣢࡘࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ㄡࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿ ࠊ➽ࡣఱࠊࡇࢭࢵࢸࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡢືᶵࡸཎᅉࡣ࡞ࡐฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࡞ࡢ㸧 ࣭ ࠕ┠ⓗࢆࡶࡗࡓࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢㄒࡾᡭ࠘ࡋ࡚ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒㸸 ேࡧࡀ⮬ศࡢே ⏕ࢆ㏦ࡿࡓࡵᚲせࡍࡿሗࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢሗࢆព࡙ࡅࠊ㛵㐃ࡉࡏࠊ⤖ྜࡋ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ཷㅮ⏕ࡀ❧ドྍ⬟ᛶࢆㄪࡿࡢࡣࠊ☜ドࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ཎ๎ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࡛ࡍ㸸 ࡅ㊊ࡉࡎࠊ ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆࡔࡲࡉࡎࠊ᪉ἲࡸືᶵࢆྍ⬟࡞ࡂࡾ㏱᫂ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ࡞ሗ 㐨㢗ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊ☜ㄆࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭱ప1ࡘࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡲࡍ㸸 ⓗ࡞⦅㞟ࠊṇ☜ࡉ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࣜࢫࢺࠊ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓᐇࢆ☜ࡵࡿ᪉ἲࠊ༏ྡࡢሗ※㛵ࡍࡿつ๎ ࡞㸦ཧ↷㸸Kovach and Rosentiel, The Elements of Journalism ) ไస ʄࢳ࣮ࣗࢱ࣮ࡸᣦᑟᩍဨࡣࠊᏛࡢฟ∧ᒁ㸦ࡲࡓࡣᏛᨺ㏦ᒁ㸧ࡢࢻࣂࢨ࣮༠ຊࡋ ࡚ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࠊḟࡢฟ∧/␒⤌ࡢฟ∧ィ⏬ࢆᥦࡉࡏࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋฟ∧ィ⏬ࡣࠊグ㏙ࡍࡿࠊ సࡽࢀࡿグࡢࣛࣥࢵࣉࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ᰿ᣐࠊྛࠎࡢࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢ⠊ᅖࡑࡢࢫ ࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࡢྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾከࡃࡢぢ᪉ࡸᢅ࠸᪉ࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࣟࢢ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊ㸦࠼ࡤࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢุ᩿ࠊ☜ドࡢᇶ‽ࠊᕷẸࡢሗ㐨࡞ࡢ㸧 ヰ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㸦ẖ᪥㸧ࡢほᐹࡀ࠶ࡿ㞧ㄅࡸグ㘓⡙ࢆࠊࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ࡲࡵࡿࡓࡵ ಖᏑࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ 80 ʄ࣓ࢹࣟࢢ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢไస ʄどᐹᏛ⩦ࠊᐇᆅカ⦎ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ ʄࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦άື㸦࠼ࡤ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࠊࢡࣛࢫ㆟ㄽ㸧ࡢཧຍ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢯ࣮ࢫࢽ࣮ࣗࢫྲྀᮦᢏ⾡㸦ICTsࡢ⏝ࢆྵࡴ㸧 ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ⠊ᅖࡢ㐺ษࡉ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ʄJoseph, Ammu. 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Ankerstar and Dalke’s Balancing Personal and Professional Ethics (programme with Trainer’s Guide, reproducible exercises, handouts, case studies); Dr. Louis V. Larimer’s Seminar on Ethical Reasoning (with Ethical Type Indicator Profile and Training Manual). Retrieved 22 April 2009 fromhttp://www.newtrainingideas.com/ethics-training.html ʄ Kovach, B. and Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. New York: Three Rivers Press of Random House;(2002ຍ⸨ᓅ࣭ᩪ⸨㑥Ὀヂࠗࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢཎ๎࠘᪥ᮏ⤒῭ホㄽ♫㸧 ʄ Mencher, Melvin. (2006). News Reporting and Writing (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill ʄMendel, Toby. (2008). Freedom of Information: A Comparative Legal Survey (2nd Ed.). Paris: UNESCO, at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001584/158450e.pdf ʄ Poynter Institute, at http://www.poynter.org ʄReporters sans frontiers, at http://www.rsf.org ʄ Rosenstiel, Tom and A. Mitchell (eds). (2003). Thinking Clearly: Cases in Journalistic Decision-Making. New York: Columbia University Press ʄ State of the News Media, at http://www.journalism.org ʄWard, S.J.A. (2005). Philosophical Foundations of Global Journalism Ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics 20:1, 3-21 81 ʄ Woodward, Bob and Carl Bernstein. (1974). All the President’s Men. New York: Simon and Schuster; ʄUNESCO. (2009) Guidelines for Broadcasters on Promoting User Generated Content and Media and Information Literacy. Paris: UNESCO, at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0018/001871/187160e.pdf ʄUNESCO. (2007). Model Curricula for Journalism Education for Developing Countries and Emerging Democracies. Paris: UNESCO, at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0015/001512/151209e.pdf ʄUniversity of Kansas. History of American Journalism. (2009). Retrieved 22 April 2009 from http://ehub.journalism.ku.edu/history/1920/1920.html 82 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱㸸࣓ࢹሗࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࠗᡃࠎࡀࡢࡼ࠺ぢࡽࢀࡿࡣࠊ᭷ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ᡃࠎࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࢃࢀࡿ࡛Ỵࡲࡿࠋ ᡃࠎࡀேࢆᢅ࠺᪉ἲࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀேࢆࡢࡼ࠺ぢࡿࡼࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓぢ᪉ࡣࣜࣉࣞ ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡽ᮶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠘Richard Dyer, The Matter of Images ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊከࡃࡢᙧᘧࢆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡣᫎീ࡛‶ࡓࡉࢀࡓᩥ⏕ࡁࠊẖ᪥ࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊᫎ⏬ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࠊᮏ ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ฟ᮶ࠊ≀ㄒࠊၥ㢟ࡈ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࠊⴭ⪅ࠊࣅࢹ࣮࢜ ࢸࢫࢺࠊᗈ࿌ࠊฟ∧♫ࠊᫎ⏬〇స⪅ࡣࠊᫎീࠊ㡢ኌࠊ᭩ࡁゝⴥࢆ⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᙼࡽࡣࠊ ᕷẸ≀ㄒࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊ♧ࡍࡓࡵࠊ㛫ࠊ✵㛫ࠊ㈨ᩱࡢ⦅㞟ࡢไ⣙ᖖྥࡁྜ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊㄒࡽࢀࡿ≀ㄒࡸ㐠ࡤࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠼ࡤே✀ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ ᛶࠊᖺ㱋ࠊ㝵⣭ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩゝཬࡍࡿ㝿ࠊၥ㢟ࡲࡓࡣฟ᮶ࢆࠗᥦ♧࠘ࡍࡿࡇࡀࠊ ࡋࡤࡋࡤᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࡛ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡧࡣࠊᚲ↛ⓗࠊᕷẸ♧ࡍ ෆᐜࢆ㑅ࡤࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ࠾࠸࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤほࢆ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊࠎࢫࢸࣞ࢜ ࢱࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ༢⣧ࡋࡍࡂࡓࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊಶேࣞ ࢵࢸࣝࢆࡣࡾࠊ⊃࠸ಙ᮲ࡸែᗘࢆṇᙜࡍࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ ࡣࠊⴭ⪅ࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ/࣏࣮ࣜࢱ࣮ࡢពᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡞ࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡣࠊࠎど⫈⪅ࠊㄞ⪅ࡲࡓࡣ⫈ࡁᡭࡢゎ㔘ࡼ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹࡀࠊඪὴᛶࠊᑐ❧ࠊᕪูࡢ㐨ල࡞ࡿᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡣࠊࡢ♫ ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࢆࡍࡿ⪅ྠᵝࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢάືࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㈐௵ࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣᙜ↛࡛ࡍࠋࡋ ࡋࠊබⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹࡣࠊࢇ࡞ᨻඪࡲࡓࡣᨻᗓࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶ࡞ࡋ ࠊ㆟ㄽሗࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡢࢆチࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡣ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࡢ୰࡛ാࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࣓ࢹࡀࡑࡢ♫ⓗᩥ⬦ࡢ୰࡛♫ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ⪅࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ ࡣ♫ࡽᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࠊᗘࡣ࣓ࢹࡀ♫ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ≉ᐃ ࡢ࣓ࢹࡢస⏝ࡶ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᅜᐙࡢᩥ⬦ࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃぢࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ⏬ീࡲࡓࡣࣜࣉ ࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆㄪࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽࠊ⏬ീࡢ࿘ࡾࡢᩥ⬦ࡸࠊࡣࠊぢ࠼࡞࠸ ≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᩥ⬦ࢆㄪࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡣ♫ࢆ ᣦ ࡋࠊάᛶࡉࡏࡿከࡃ ࡢຊࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊᡃࠎࡀせồࡋཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ≀ㄒࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᥦ ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ♫ࢆ ᫎ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ᵝࠎ࡞ᆅᇦ࠶ࡿከࡃࡢ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⮬ⓗసࡾୖࡆࠊໟᣓⓗ࡛ ከᵝ࡞ෆᐜࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊࢽࢩࢸࣈ㛵ࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ᐇࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲ ࡓࠊከࡃࡢ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡣࠊே✀ࠊẸ᪘ࠊᖺ㱋ࠊᛶࠊ㌟యⓗ⬟ຊࠊ፧ጻࡢᆅࡼࡿᚅ ࡸᕪูⓗ࡞ᮦᩱࡢ⏝ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄽⅬࡣࠊḟࡢࡇ࡛ࡍ㸸㐺ᙜ࡞࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ 83 ࣙࣥࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚ㄡࡀ┈ࢆᚓࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᦆࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪ ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡢࡶࡢࡢぢ᪉ࡸேࡢࡶࡢࡢぢ᪉ࡢᵝᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ ࣮ࢪࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ┤᥋ⓗ⤒㦂ࢆ㉺࠼ࡓୡ⏺ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᡃࠎࡢ▱㆑⌮ゎࡢᵝᙳ㡪ࡍ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 1. ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨࣓࣮ࢪࡢຊ 2. ከᵝᛶࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⏘ᴗࢥ࣮ࢻ 3. ࢸࣞࣅࠊᫎ⏬ࠊฟ∧ 4. 㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ᫎീࡢຊ ᩘ:㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ◊✲㸸 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨 ʄࣅࢪࣗࣝࡢຊ ʄ⅏ᐖࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ʄࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ≉ᐃࡢฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨࡛ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄὶࡢ࣓ࢹ࡛ぢࡘࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ௦࠼࡚ࠊูࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࢆㄪࡿࡇ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ᥥࡉࢀࡿ㢟㛵ࡍࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ࣓ࢹሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄどぬ࣓ࢹࡢ౫Ꮡᗘࡀቑ࠼ࡓࡓࡵࠊ୍㒊ࡢ࣓ࢹᢈホᐙࡣ≉ᐃࡢฟ᮶ࡸ⅏ᐖࡢ ࣓ࢹ࡛ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲᠱᛕࢆ⾲᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡢฟ᮶ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹ ሗ㐨ࢆㄪ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵ᚰࡀࡢ⠊ᅖࡲ࡛ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᝒ ࡲࡓࡣ⅏㞴ࢆ┤᥋⿕ࡗࡓேࡢ࣓࣮ࢪᑐࡍࡿᛂࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋேࡧࡢࣉࣛ ࣂࢩ࣮ᑛཝࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊฟ᮶ࡢឤⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊὶ࣓ࢹ ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞࣓ࢹ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉␎ࢆ࠺ ࢆㄪุ࡚᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᮾ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏ࠊࣁࢳࡢᆅ㟈ࠊࢪࡢὠἼࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࡢ㔞ẅࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ࡞ฟ᮶ ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࢆㄪ࡚ศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢฟ᮶ࡘ࡞ ࡀࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࠊࡑࡋ࡚ேࡸฟ᮶ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ ࡡࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ 5 ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢฟ᮶ࡢὶ࣓ࢹࡼࡿሗ㐨⌧ࢀࡓ࣓࣮ ࢪࢆࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ㄪ࡚ぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋḟࡢ㉁ၥࡀࠊሗ㐨 ࣓࣮ࢪࢆヲ⣽ศᯒࡍࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡍ ࣭ ࢸࣞࣅ᪂⪺ሗ㐨࠾࠸࡚ఱࡀࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀࡓࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 84 ᭱ࡶከࡃࢃࢀࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࢆࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝࠊ┿ࡢᵓᡂࠊࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢࢱࣉࡢ ⏝ࠊㄡࡲࡓࡣఱࡀሙ㠃/┿ࡢ୰࡛♧ࡉࢀࠊㄡࡲࡓࡣఱࡀ㝖እࡉࢀࡓࢆ⪃៖ ධࢀ࡚ㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ 㸽࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞≀ㄒࢆㄒࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡢ⛬ᗘグ ᠈ṧࡿࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢇ࡞ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡍ㸽ど⫈⪅ࡢᑐ㇟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࡸࠊᑐ㇟ど⫈⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ࣓ ࣮ࢪࡀཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭࣓࣮ࢪ࡞࠸ฟ᮶ࡢሗࡀグ᠈ࡉࢀࡿ࠺㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋどぬᙧᘧྵ ࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࡢሗࢆࠕᡴࡕᾘࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࣓࣮ࠖࢪࡢຊࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋሗᇶ࡙ ࠸ࡓᕷẸᶒ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣఱࢆពࡋࡲࡍ㸽 㸸 www.rwanda-genocide.org/multimedia.html ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼ዪᛶࡢᶒᣑ ʄࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㛤Ⓨᶵ㛵㸦࠼ࡤᅜ㐃㸧ࠊᅜࡸᆅ᪉ࡢᨻᗓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡑࡋ ࡚ࠊᕷẸ♫⤌⧊࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡍࡲࡍࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 1995ᖺࡢிᐉゝ࠾ ࡼࡧ➨4ᅇୡ⏺ዪᛶ㆟࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓάື⥘㡿ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㠃࡛ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼ࢆ 㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࡢせ࡞ᙺ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡲࡋࡓࠋࠕዪᛶ㛵ࡍࡿࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱ ࣉࠊ࣓ࢹࢆྵࡵࡓࡍ࡚ࡢ㏻ಙࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࠊዪᛶࡢࢡࢭࢫཧຍࡢ ᖹ➼ࠖຊࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡓࡵࠊ㛵ಀᅜ㛫࡛༠㆟ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ʄᐉゝࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࣓ࢹࡸከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢᙺࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡣ᫂ ࡽ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᤵᴗ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾࠸࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽⅬࢆᣲࡆࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ ࡀࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ᩄឤ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆࠊࡢࡼ࠺㐺ษホ౯࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽ࡑ ࡋ࡚ࠊᗘࡣᕷẸ♫ࡀࡇࡢᛂࢆࡢࡼ࠺ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽࣓ࢹࡀࠊ ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ༢㏦ࡿࡔࡅࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡣிᐉゝࢆᐇ ⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢඹྠࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺▱㆑㐀ࢆྍ⬟ࡋࠊⰋ࠸⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽࣓ࢹ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࠸ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ࣓ࢹࡣ ࡢᵝࡋ࡚ᙺࢆຠᯝⓗᯝࡓࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸽 ʄ㛗ᖺࠊ㛵ಀᶵ㛵ࡸࡑࡢࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢡ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮㸦ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㸧ࡣࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼ዪ ᛶࡢᶒᣑࡘ࠸࡚ࡢၥ㢟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ᆅ⌫つᶍ࡛↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ MILࡣࠊ࣓ࢹሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⏝⪅ࡑࡢ⋓ᚓࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡇࢀࡼࡾࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᩄឤ࡞࣓ࢹࡢάືࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ᩄឤ࡞άືࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢάືཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊㄞ⪅ࠊ ど⫈⪅ࠊ⫈ど⪅ࡣࠊMILࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᚲせ࡞⬟ຊ㸦▱㆑ࠊᢏ⾡ࠊែᗘ㸧ࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ ḟࡢၥ㢟⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜ࡛ MILࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡣࡢࡼ࠺MILࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࡑࢀ ࢆ♧ࡍドᣐࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡛ࡁࢀࡤලయࢆᣲࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢇ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊMILࡣ ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼ᑐฎࡍࡿࡢࢆຓࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽⮬ᅜࡸ⮬ศࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽ ࢸࡢ୰࠶ࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡇࢀࡽࡢࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛࡢᐇୖࡢၥ㢟ࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ ࢡࢺࡇࡲ࡛㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࣓ࢹሗࡢ୰࡛ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ ὶࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡋ࡚ዪᛶࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀᛮ ࠺MILࡢ㐀ⓗ࡞ά⏝᪉ἲࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㉁ၥࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ ᖹ➼࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡸⰋ࠸ᐇ㊶ࢆㄪࡲ 85 ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼㛵ࡍࡿ࠶࡞ࡓࡢಶேⓗ࡞ぢゎࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ ࡢぢゎ⤒㦂ࡀࠊ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢゎ㔘ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄዪᛶ࣓ࢹ㛵ࡋ࡚2ࡘࡢせ࡞ᒎᮃࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡦࡘࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ ࡿዪᛶࡢᆅ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࠺ࡦࡘࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿዪᛶࡢሗ㐨ࡸ࣓ ࣮ࢪࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋ ࣭ Global Media Monitoring Project 2010ࠊGlobal Report on the Status of Women in the Newsroom㸦ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ㈨ᩱཧ↷㸧ࠊዪᛶ࣓ࢹࢆ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢ㛵㐃◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋḟࡢ㉁ၥࢆ⤌ྜࡏ࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺㸸 ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣࠊಶࠎࡲࡓయࡋ࡚ఱࢆពࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ዪᛶࡢ ࢇ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࡀ࣓ࢹ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࠊࢇ࡞♫ ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊᩥⓗࠊᨻⓗせᅉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࢆ 㧗ࡵࡿせᅉ࡞ࡾᚓࡲࡍ㸽 ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᨻᗓࡣࠊྰᐃⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ άືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡁ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤ⪃࠼ࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ᑐฎࡍ ࡿࡓࡵᕷẸ♫ࡀྲྀࡿࡁάືࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽࣓ࢹࡀࠊᨻᗓࡲࡓࡣࡢእ㒊⤌ ⧊ࡼࡿᙉไࡼࡾࡶࠊ⮬ᕫつไᇶ࡙ࡁάືࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸࠶࡞ࡓࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ 㸽 ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋබⓗ㈨㔠ࢆᢞධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹࡣࠊ⚾ⓗ࡞㈨㔠ࡢࡳ㢗 ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹఱࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 බⓗ㈨㔠ࢆཷࡅࡓ࣓ࢹࡣࢪ࢙ ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᖹ➼ዪᛶࡢᶒᣑࢆ☜ᐇࡍࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡿ࠶࡞ࡓࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 MILࡣࠊ⾜ື⛣ࡿࡓࡵࡢ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡲࡋࡓ㸽 ࡢࡼ࠺㸽 ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ ࡢᖹ➼㛵ࡍࡿ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ⪃࠼ࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡢぢゎ⤒㦂ࡀࠊ࣓ࢹ ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࠶࡞ࡓࡢゎ㔘ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ 㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ࡼࡾከࡃࡢዪᛶࡀ࣓ࢹ࡛ാࡃ࡞ࡽࡤࠊዪᛶ⏨ᛶࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣኚ ࢃࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࡞ࡐࠊࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 ◊✲ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ఱゝࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄᣦᑟᩍဨࡣࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ㛵㐃ྠᵝࠊ㌟యࡢ㞀ࡀ࠸ࠊඛఫẸࠊᑡᩘࡢẸ᪘ࠊ㒔ᕷ ࡸ㑹እࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ㈋ᅔᒙࡢάືࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡔࢀࡢࡓࡵసᡂࡉࢀࡓࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡇ ࢀࡽࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿㄡࡀ┈ࢆᚓ࡚ㄡࡀ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚┈ࢆ ⿕ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ┠ᶆ࡛ࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡢᫎീࡢศᯒホ౯ – ᢏ⾡/ࢹࢨࣥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࢆྵࡴࡇ ʄᕷẸᶒࡢⓎᒎ᭱ࡶᐤࡍࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿሗ㐨ࡢ☜ㄆホ౯ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢᫎീࡢᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰ከᵝᛶࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢻ ᩘ:㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢻ⌮ ʄ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࣓ࢹࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㐺⏝ ʄࢥ࣮ࢻつ๎ࡢホ౯ 86 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹࡢࡓࡵࡢከᵝ࡞⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ ʄ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭࣓࣮ࢪࢸࢡࢫࢺ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻᇶ࡙࠸࡚࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ┠ⓗຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᥦ/ኚ᭦ࢆᥦၐࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᅜᐙࡼࡿ࣓ࢹࡢつไࢆ㑊ࡅࡿᚲせᛶࡽࠊ⮬ⓗከᵝ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ ᵝࠎ࡞ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡣࠊໟᣓⓗ࡛ከᵝ࡞ෆᐜࢽࢩࢸࣈࡢ㛵ࢆ☜ᐇ♧ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊከࡃࡢ⏘ᴗࡣࠊே✀ࠊẸ᪘ࠊᖺ㱋ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ㌟యⓗ⬟ຊࡲࡓࡣ ፧ጻࡢ≧ែᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᚅⓗࠊᕪูⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡢ⏝ࢆ⚗Ṇࡍࡿ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ άື ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᆅᇦࡢ୰Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡢᐇ㊶/⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊㄡࡀ㈐௵ࢆᣢࡘࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢥ࣮ࢻྵࡲࢀࡿ㔜 せ࡞㡿ᇦࢆࡲࡵࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࢀࡣᕷẸᾘ㈝⪅ࡢ┈ࢆࡢᵝ ᨭ࠼ࡲࡍ㸽 ࡇࢀࡽࡢつ๎ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ௨ୖࡢㄪᰝࡽࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋつ๎ࡀࢇ࡞⠊ᅖ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋホ౯ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ ᩥ⬦ ࢆ᫂☜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠶࡞ࡓࡢホ౯ࢆࡅࡿሗ㐨ࡢࢆᣲࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ つ๎㐪ࡋࡓሗ㐨ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁ࡛ࠊಶேࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡲࡍ 㸽 ʄࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻ㸦࠼ࡤᗈ࿌ࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢᥥ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚࢝ࣂ࣮ࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹࡢ ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ つ๎ࡀࢇ࡞⠊ᅖ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ つไࢆ⾜࠺⤌⧊㸭ࡲࡓࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺไస⪅࠶࡞ࡓࡀఏ࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ ࡁࡿࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡣఱࢆᴫㄝࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄከᵝ࡞⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ㔜せ࡞㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᴫせ ʄࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ㐺⏝ ʄ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡢᨵゞ㸦ኚ᭦ࡸ㏣ຍ㸧 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ࢸࣞࣅࠊᫎ⏬ࠊฟ∧ ᩘ:㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄせᫎ⏬ – ᡂຌࡢ᪉⛬ᘧ ʄᫎ⏬࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ʄᮏ࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ʄࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸඛఫࡢ≀ㄒ 87 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ ⌧ᅾࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌せᫎ⏬ࡢᡂຌࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᫎ⏬ࠊࢸࣞࣅ༳ๅ≀㸦ᮏࢆྵࡵࡿ㸧࠾࠸࡚ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ᫎ⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢࡓࡵࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࢆㄪࡿࡇ ʄ ᗈ࿌࠾࠸࡚ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚ᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞᪉␎ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄ ࢸࣞࣅᫎ⏬࡛ࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞ඛఫࡢ≀ㄒࢆㄪࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᫎ⏬ࡣࠊୡ⏺୰ከໃࡢほ⾗ࡀ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࡢⓒᖺ㛫࡛᭱ࡶᙉຊ࡞࣓ࢹࡢ 1ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ㏆ᖺࠊࢸࣞࣅࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡣࠊୡ⏺ࡢከࡃࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࠊᕧ࡞ᕷẸᕷሙ฿ 㐩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀྠࠊᮏࡣ㔜せ࡞⪃࠼ሗ※࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣኚࢃࡾ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ 4ࡘࡢ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺࡣࠊᅜᐙࡢ≀ㄒࢆㄒࡾࠊᅜᐙࡢ≉ᐃࡢṔ ྐࢆᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᕷẸ♫ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆᙧᡂࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡢ㔜せ࡞㒊ศࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹࡀ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕ࡁࡿୡ⏺ࡢព ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙧᡂࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ άື ʄ᭱㏆ࡢᡂຌࡋࡓ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᫎ⏬ࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋBox Office Guruࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆぢࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞⯆⾜ࢆ࠾ࡉࡵࡓ5ࡘ ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᫎ⏬ࡢྛࠎࡢண࿌⦅ࢆ࢜ࣥࣛ ࡛ࣥぢࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ1ࡘࡢᫎ⏬ࢆ㒊ぢࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ➽᭩ࡁࡢ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࡢࣜࣉࣞ ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣㄡࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣఱࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ ࡢࡼ࠺ほ⾗ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄཷㅮ⏕Ṕྐⓗฟ᮶ࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ぢ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚⪺ࡁ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㸦ࠊࣟࢩ࠾ࡅࡿࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ㸸ࡇࡢᮇ㛫୰༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᮏࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ ࢪ࡛ࣕࣥࣝసࡽࢀࡓᫎ⏬ࠊ⨾⾡ရࡲࡓࡣ⤮ࠊ┿ࡸ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡢᫎീ㸧 ༤ ≀㤋ࡸබᩥ᭩㤋㸦࠶࡞ࡓࡢᆅᇦࡇࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸧ࢆゼࡡ࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀほᐹࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊᩥࠊฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࢀࡓᮏࡸグࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㑅ࡤࢀࡓ㢟ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ㠃ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㈶ᡂࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ࡞ࡐ㈶ᡂ࡞ࡢ࡛ ࡍࠊ࡞ࡐᑐ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠊ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊᆅ᪉⣬ࠊࢸࣞࣅᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀ ࡽࡢᗈ࿌ࡀዪᛶ⏨ᛶࡢ୧᪉ࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࢆ☜ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᗈ࿌ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⏨ᛶẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊዪᛶࡀࡢᵝࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ㆟ ㄽࡋࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢほᐹࢆ᭩ࡁࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ≉ᐃࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ ୍㒊ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿぢ᪉ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽 ࡞ࡐࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡔᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄேẼࡀ࠶ࡿᫎ⏬ࡢᡭἲࡋ࡚ࠊࠕⱥ㞝ࡢ᪑ࠖ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࠊ⚄ヰࢆసࡾୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ ⚄ヰࡣࠊᩥ࠾ࡅࡿ⬣ጾࠊḧᮃࠊ㔝ᮃࢆ⾲ࡍ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ಙᛕయ⣔ࢆࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ㄒ࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ㐠ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ⱥ㞝ࡣࠊኊ࡞ෑ㝤ࢆጞࡵࡲ 88 ࡍࠋⱥ㞝ࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෑ㝤࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡲࡍࠋࡑ ࢀࡣࠊ ᙼࡢ⏕࠸❧ࡕࡸㄌ⏕ࠊࡸ㐠ࡢẼࡁࠊ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࠊᩛᑐᓖࡋࠊ ㈼࠸⪁ேࡽࢻࣂࢫࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾࠊ᭱ᚋᨾ㒓ᖐࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣭ ࡇࡢᡭἲᇶ࡙ࡃᫎ⏬ࢆぢࡘࡅࠊࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿⅬࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊⱥ㞝ಶேࡢᕼᮃ౯್ࢆ♫ࡢࡼ࠺ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿグ㏙ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࠊ㡢ኌࠊ㡢ᴦࡢ⏝᪉ἲࢆグ㏙ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞せ ⣲ࡀ≀ㄒ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᝏ⪅ࡸ࣐ࣟࣥࢳࢵࢡ࡞ⱥ㞝ࡢ༳㇟ࢆసࡿ㸧ࡢせ࡞ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥ ࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙉࡵࡿࡘ࠸ุ࡚᩿ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊࢧ࢘ࣥࢻ ࢺࣛࢵࢡࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠊᫎ⏬ࡢ୰ࡢሙ㠃ࡢពࡀࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡿࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ ʄࠗᡃࠎࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅ࠾࠸࡚ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᒎᮃࢆᚓࡿ ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥୖ࡛ぢ᪉ࢆቑࡸࡍࡇࡣࠊㄡࡽࡽఱࢆྲྀࡾཤࡿࡇ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࡑࢀࡣࡼࡾከࡃࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠊᫎ⏬ࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᒎᮃ࡞ࡿࠋ࠘㸦Joan Pennefatherࠊ1993ᖺ3᭶29᪥ࠊ࣐ࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࢬࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᅜẸᫎ⏬ጤဨࡢ᭱ึࡢዪᛶࡢ ㆟㛗㸧 ࣭ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻࡢ㉸స௦ࢃࡿᅵ╔ࡢ࣓ࢹࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࢹࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢘ ࢙ࣈࢧࢺࢆぢࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ♫ࡲࡓࡣ⤌⧊ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ㄒࢆ㑅 ᢥࡋ࡚㜀ぴࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ せ࡞ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻ࣭ࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࡼࡗ࡚⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᫎ⏬ ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ㄒࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈࠊࡲࡓࡣᅵ╔ࡢ≀ㄒࣜࣉࣞ ࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸኌࢆ࠼ࡿ୰࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࠕ⊂❧ࠖ⤌⧊ࡢ౯್ࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ど⫈⪅ᑐࡍࡿᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅ⏘ᴗࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐࠊࡍ࡚ࡢど⫈⪅ ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽ࣓ࢹࡢヰ᥋ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ㸽 ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ㄞ⪅ 㸭ど⫈⪅ࡗ࡚ࠊὶࡢ≀ㄒࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᣢࡘពࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᑓ㛛ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢧࢺࠊࣈࣟࢢࡸ᪂ᢏ⾡ࡀ≀ㄒࡢⓎಙ ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚ࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡢ ࡼ࠺ᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌⌧௦ᫎ⏬ࡢศᯒ ʄᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᡓ␎ᙧᘧࡀෆᐜࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇࡢホ౯ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈࠊࡲࡓᅵ╔ࡢ≀ㄒࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᅜⓗ࡞ᫎ⏬⤌⧊⊂❧ࡋࡓ〇స ♫ࡢㄪᰝホ౯ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ ᩘ:㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࡢศᯒ ʄࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ʄ㡢ᴦ♫ⓗኚ ʄ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࡢ⏝ 89 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࡢࡓࡵ⤮ࢥࣥࢸຍᕤᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ʄࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊே✀ࠊᛶ㛵ࡍࡿࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࢆศᯒ ࡍࡿࡇ ʄࠕ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈࠖ㡢ᴦࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆㄪࡿࡇ ʄὶ࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ ࣙࣥࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື 㡢ᴦࡣࠊே㛫♫࡚࠾࠸࡚ྍḞ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡲࡍࠋ 㡢ᴦࡣ㏻ᖖࠊፗᴦࡳ࡞ࡉ ࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊከࡃࡢ᐀ᩍⓗάືࡸᩥⓗ࡞άື࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ₇ࡌࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤᨻ㜚 த࠾࠸࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ 㡢ᴦࡀࡢࡼ࠺ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡣMILࡢ୍㒊࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ࡢࢺࢵࣉ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㑅ࢇ ࡔ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜(ḷモࡀධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ)ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ౯್ࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋศᯒࡣࠊ ௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ḷモࡢෆᐜࡢㄪᰝࠋࡇࢀࡣḷモࡸ࣓ࣟࢹࡶࠊࣅࢹ࢜ࡢ୰ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡢᥥ 㛵ࡍࡿཷㅮ⏕ࡢゎ㔘ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍ ࣭ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢㄪᰝࡋ࡚ࠊⰍࠊ↷᫂ࠊ⦅㞟㸦࣮࣌ࢫࠊ୪⨨ࠊࣜࢬ ࣒ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ㸧ࠊ≉Ṧຠᯝࠊ࣮࢜ࢹ࢜ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡢ⏝ࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ࣅࢹ࡛࢜ᢅࢃࢀࡿ♫ⓗၥ㢟ࡢㄪᰝࠋࡶࡋ␗࡞ࡿ♫㝵⣭ࡢேࡧࠊࡲࡓࡣே✀ࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚⏨ዪࡢᙺࡀධࢀ᭰ࢃࡗࡓࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ኚࡍࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ḟࡢ㉁ၥࢆ࠸ࠊࣅࢹ࡛࢜♧ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮౯್ࢆゎ㔘ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ࣭ ࣅࢹ࢜ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢಙ᮲ࢆ⾲ࢃࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭ ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢ୰ࡢ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆグ㏙ࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋᅛᐃほᛕࡀ ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࡶࡋࡑ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊࢇ࡞ᙳ㡪࡛ࡍ㸽 ࣭ ᶒຊࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽ᣢࡓ࡞࠸ࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽⤖ᯝⓗ┈ࢆᚓࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ ࡍ㸽 ࣭ ࣅࢹ࢜ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿேࡧࡸᙼࡽࡢಙ᮲ࡀྲྀࡾ㝖ࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭ ᖾࡏࠊᡂຌࠊ㐨ᚨࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᬯ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆỴᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࣅࢹ࢜ࡀࡢ ⛬ᗘࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄኚ⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࡋ࡚ࠊ⾗ᩥ⾗㡢ᴦࡀᣢࡘᙳ㡪ຊࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ㡢ᴦᐙⱁ⾡ᐙࡣࠊᨻⓗ࡛♫ⓗ࡞ぢ᪉ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ♫ṇ⩏ࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿᙺࢆ ࡢ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽㸦 ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡᣐⅬࢆ⨨ࡃ⤌⧊Freemuseࡣࠊ♫ⓗ࣭ ᨻⓗ࡞㐠ື㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㡢ᴦᐙࢆᨭࡍࡿࠋ㸧ᙼࡽࡢ㡢ᴦ࠾࠸࡚ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡸฟ᮶࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡿ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࡢࡓࡵࠊḷモࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆ‽ഛࡋ 90 ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋḷモࡀពࡍࡿ࣓࣮ࢪࢆៅ㔜⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ࢆࡼࡾᙉࡃࡍࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࡇࡢḷࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࡀࡍ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑࡢࣅࢹ࢜⮬ศࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ ࣮ࢪᢏ⾡ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼὀពࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄMediaWatch㸦www.mediawatch.org㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࠕᩍ⫱άືࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡢ୰࡛ ࡢே✀ᕪูࠊᛶᕪูࠊᭀຊࠖᣮࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⤌⧊ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢧࢺࢆゼၥࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋࡇࢀ㢮ఝࡋࡓ⤌⧊ࡢ┠ᶆ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࠊࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࠊ౯್ࢆྵࡴ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪᇶ࡙ࡃ ⌧௦ࡢ㡢ᴦࣅࢹ࢜ࡢศᯒホ౯ ʄ㑅ᢥࡋࡓḷモࡢࡓࡵࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࡢసᡂ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ᭱ึࡢ6ࡘࡢ㈨ᩱࡣࠊ⡿ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࡢᅜࠎ࡛ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᣦᑟ⪅ࡣࠊ ⮬ศ࡛⮬ᅜࡢࡶࡢࡽㄪ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ʄ Reconstructions http://web.mit.edu/ cms/reconstructions 9.11ྠከⓎࢸࣟࡢᚋMIT ࡢẚ㍑࣓ࢹ◊✲ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚❧ࡕୖࡆࡽࢀࡓࢧࢺ ʄ Imob www.imob.com 㘓㡢ࠊᫎ⏬ࠊᢏ⾡ࠊไసࢥ࣮ࢫ࠸ࡗࡓ㡢ᴦ㛵ࡍࡿࢧࢺ ࡢᖜᗈ࠸ࣜࣥࢡ ʄBIRTH http://www.birth-of-tv.org/birth ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢࢸࣞࣅ㛵ࡍࡿṔྐࡢබᩥ᭩㤋 ʄ Cynopsis www.cynopsis.com ࢸࣞࣅᴗ⏺ྥࡅࡢ↓ᩱࡢ᪥ห᪂⪺ࠋከࡃࡢ∧ࡀ⏝ྍ⬟ ʄ Box Office Guru http://boxofficeguru.com ᫇⌧ᅾࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ሗࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍ ʄThe Internet Movie Data Base www.imdb.com ᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶ ࡗࡶໟᣓⓗ࡞ࢧࢺ࡛ࡍࠋಶࠎࡢᫎ⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢࢱࢺࣝࠊࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࠊ㞧ㄯࠊತඃࠊ ┘╩ࠊࢪࣕࣥࣝ㛵ࡍࡿሗࡀ㇏ᐩධᡭ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄUnited Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) at, http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/ ʄInternational Federation of Journalists. 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Global Report on Status of Women in the News Media: Washington, DC, USA AT, http://www.iwmf.org/pdfs/IWMF-Global- Report.pdf 91 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲㸸࣓ࢹሗࡢゝㄒ ࠕࡑࢀࡶࠊࡇࡤࡗ࡚࠸࠺ࡸࡘࡀࠊ຺ࡕࡀ࠸ࡢࡶࡔࡽࡔࡼࠋࠖ 18 ࣥࢺ࣮࣡ࢾ࣭ࢻ࣭ࢧࣥ㸻ࢸࢢࢪࣗ࣌ࣜ㸦1900-44㸧 ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࠕ ࣓ࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࠋ1964 ᖺࠊ࣐࣮ࢩ࣭࣐ࣕࣝࢡ࣮ࣝࣁࣥࡼࡗ࡚᭩ࢀ ࡓࠊ࡛ࡣ᭷ྡ࡞୍⠇࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀ᪉ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡋ ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋ⏝⪅㸭ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅⮬㌟ࡢ⫼ᬒ㸭⤒㦂ࡶࡲࡓࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢゎ㔘ᙳ 㡪ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞᭱ึࡢࢫࢸ ࢵࣉࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࠊ࠼ࡤᅗ᭩㤋ࡸබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࡸ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ሗࡸࢹࠊពࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋྛ࣓ࢹࡣ⊂⮬ࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ពࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ≉᭷ࡢࠕゝㄒࠖ ࡸࠕᩥἲࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕゝㄒࠖࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࡢ⫋ᴗᚑࡍࡿ ேࡧࡀࠊࢹࡸሗࠊ▱㆑ࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗせ⣲ࡸ ࢥ࣮ࢻࠊࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰࡛ࡍࠋᢏ⾡ⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࡣ㡢ኌࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝࠊྛ✀ࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺࡸ ↷᫂ࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ㛗⦅ᫎ⏬ࡢ࡞࡛༴㝤ࢆఏ࠼ࡿྜྷ࡞㡢ᴦࡸࠊ┿࡛ຊᙉ࠸༳㇟ ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍࡓࡵࡢࣁࣥࢢࣝࡢ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㇟ᚩⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࡣⓏሙ ே≀ࡢゝⴥࡸ⾰ࠊ⾜ືࠊࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸㢮ᆺⓗ࡞ࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࢆྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ㉥࠸ࣂࣛ ࡣ࣐ࣟࣥࢫࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢ㇟ᚩⓗࢃࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡋࠊᥱࡗࡓࡇࡪࡋࡣᛣࡾࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢ ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹゝㄒࡣࡲࡓࠊཱྀ㢌ࡢゝㄒࡸどぬⓗゝㄒࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ ゝⴥࡸࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࡢ⏝ࡶྵࡳࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹゝㄒࢆᏛࡪࡁࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡞㸱ࡘࡢせ࡞ၥ࠸ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹゝㄒࡣㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ʄ⌧ᅾ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࡢᴗ⏺࡛ാࡃேࡧࡀ࠺ࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢせ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ʄྠࡌࢸࢡࢫࢺࡸሗࡢ᩿∦ࢆㄞࡳゎ࠸ࡓࡁࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀ␗࡞ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗ ࡞ࡿពࢆᑟࡁࡔࡋ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹゝㄒ㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊᩍᖌࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢽ ࣥࢢࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡽࡢሗࡸࢹࡢゎ㔘ࡀࠊࢃࢀࡿゝㄒࡢ✀ 㢮ࡢࡼ࠺㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 㸯㸬࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆㄞࡴ 㸰㸬࣓ࢹ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸸༳ๅᨺ㏦ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ 㸱㸬ᫎ⏬ࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝ≀ㄒࡢヰ⾡ 18 ෆ⸨℆ヂࠗᫍࡢ⋤Ꮚࡉࡲ࠘ᒾἼᑡᖺᩥᗜ 92 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆㄞࡴ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ࡞ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆㄪࡿ ʄពࢆศᯒࡍࡿ㸸ࢩࣥ࣎ࣝどぬⓗゝㄒ ʄ࣓ࢹゝㄒࢆ᥈ࡿï┿ࣅࢹ࢜ࡢࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ពࡢఏ㐩ࢃࢀࡿࠊࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡇ ʄᆅඖࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡸᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞┠ⓗ࡛ࢃࢀࡿࠊࢧࣥ ࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ௨ୗࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛ࢃࢀࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆ ࠸ࡃࡘᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢇ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡸሗࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㐃⥆࣓ࣟࢻ࣐ࣛࠊほගࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࠊࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ࠊ㐃⥆࣮࣒࣍ ࢥ࣓ࢹࠊᨻᗈ࿌ࠋ ʄ⮬ศࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ሗఏ㐩ࡢࡓࡵࢃࢀࡿࠊࢧࣥࡸࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ㸦࠼ࡤ㐨 ෆࠊぢࡇࢁࡢᡤᅾᆅ࡞㸧ࢆ᥈ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢࢧࣥࡸࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࢃࢀࠊࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢேࡧඹ㏻ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠊཱྀ㢌ࡸどぬⓗ࡞ࠕゝㄒࠖࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࣇ࢛ ࣥࢺࡸᐃᆺࡋࡓ⏬ീࠊࢹࢨࣥ➼ࡢࢃࢀ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ⮬ศࡢᅜࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᵝࠎ࡞⤮ࡣࡀࡁࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡛ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿせ࡞ ㇟ᚩⓗ࣭ᢏ⾡ⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡢ⏝ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢᅜࡢ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࡀ㝖እࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋሙᡤࡸᅋయࢆ㑅ࡧࠊࡑࡢ⤮ࡣࡀࡁࢆసࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㔜せ࡞ሗࢆఏ࠼ࠊᮃࡲࡋ࠸༳ ㇟ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍࡓࡵࠊ⮬ศ࡞ࡽࡢせ࡞ᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ㟼Ṇ⏬ീࡸື⏬ࢆ࠸ࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅⮬ศࡢᏛᰯࡢ㔜せᛶࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗ ࢆసࡋࡲࡍࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅッ࠼ࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ㐺ษ࡞ࢥࣥࡸࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࠊど ぬ㸭ཱྀ㢌ࡢゝㄒࠊ㡢ᴦࠊⰍㄪࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝ➼ࡢ⏝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑗ᮶ࡑࡢᏛᰯධᏛࡍࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸Ꮚ ࡶࡸࡑࡢぶࠊᏛᰯࡢ⌮ࠊᨻᐙ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄᵝࠎ࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࡢศᯒ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣥࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡢศᯒ ʄᆅᇦࡸᅜࡢ⤮ࡣࡀࡁ࡛ࢃࢀࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡢศᯒホ౯ ʄࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࡢస 93 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸࣓ࢹ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸸άᏐᨺ㏦ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࡢศᯒ ʄࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࡢ㐺⏝ ʄ࣓ࢹゝㄒព㸸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣭ሗࡢホ౯ศᯒ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢸࣞࣅࣛࢪ࢜ࠊ᪂⪺ࡢሗ㐨࡛ࢃࢀࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࡢศᯒ ʄ≉ᐃࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ࠶ࡿ࣓ࢹࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࢹ≉᭷ࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࡀ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ ࡸࡾ᪉ࢆホ౯㸦evaluation㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ≉ᐃࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡿሗࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ࠶ࡿᅜࡢᨻᗓࡀ⎔ቃಖㆤᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍἲᨵṇࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ணᐃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ௬ᐃࡋࡲ ࡍࠋᨻᗓ㧗ᐁࡣᨻᗓࡢ❧ሙࢆṇᙜࡍࡿ₇ㄝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋⱝ⪅ࡢ㞟ᅋࡀᢠ㆟ࢆ࠾ ࡇ࡞࠸ࠊᢠ㆟⪅㆙ᐹࡢࡶࡳ࠶࠸ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ࡇࡢฟ᮶ࡀࡢࡼ࠺᪂⪺ࡸࣛࢪ࢜ᒁࠊࢸࣞࣅᒁ࡛ሗ㐨ࡉࢀࡿண ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚ሗ㐨ࡣࡢࡼ࠺㐪࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ㐪 ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ≉ᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄ᭱㏆㛵ᚰࢆࢇ࡛࠸ࡿฟ᮶ࡸၥ㢟ࢆࡦࡘ㑅ࡧࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡸ᭱㏆ࡢ ᩥⓗࠊᨻⓗฟ᮶ࠊ་⒪ၥ㢟࡞ࠋࡑࡢฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࡸ᪂⪺ࠊࢸࣞࣅࡢࢽ ࣮ࣗࢫ␒⤌ฟࡿグࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛సᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋࣛࢪ࢜ࡢሙྜࠊグࡣ 20 ⛊௨ෆ࡛ࠊ᪂ ⪺ࡣ 210 ༢ㄒࠊࢸࣞࣅࡣ 1ࠊ2 ศ࡛సࡾࡲࡍࠋグࡀᡂࡋࡓࡽࠊ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࡢၥ ࠸ࢆཧ⪃㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ሗ㐨ሗࡢ✀㢮࣓ࢹࡢᙧែࡣ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢグࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣭ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ࡞ࡐࠕ࣓ࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢᐇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࡸఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᏛᰯࡸࡢᶵ㛵ࡢᐉ ఏࢆࡍࡿ࣓࣮ࢪࡸࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࡢࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ᵝࠎ࡞࣓ࢹ࡛ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ʄࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࠊ᪂⪺ྥࡅࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡢసᡂศᯒ 94 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝ≀ㄒࡢヰ⾡ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝ ʄᫎ⏬ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗࢥ࣮ࢻ ʄᫎ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸసࡾ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍ㸸 ʄᵝࠎ࡞ᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝࠊࡑࢀࡽ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰㸦ᫎ⏬ࡢᢏ⾡ࡸ㢟ᮦࠊ ࢸ࣮࣐ࠊⓏሙே≀ࠊ࠾ࡁࡲࡾࡢ➽❧࡚ࠊ≧ἣࠊタᐃ㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ʄᫎ⏬࠾࠸࡚ពࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡢࢃࢀࡿࠊ≉ᐃࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ࡇ ʄ≉ᐃࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆྵࢇࡔ୍ሙ㠃ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ ʄእᅜ࡛ேẼࡢ࠶ࡿᫎ⏬ࢪ࡛ࣕࣥࣝࢃࢀࡿࢥ࣮ࢻࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࢆぢศࡅࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ⮬ศࡀዲࡁ࡞ᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡿ せ࡞せ⣲ࢆぢࡘࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᫎ⏬ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡦࡘࡢᫎ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࢆぢ࡚ࠊ௨ୗࢆ ᭩ࡁฟࡋࡲࡍ㸸➽ࠊタᐃࠊⓏሙே≀ࡢࢱࣉࠊ㡢ᴦࠊ↷᫂ࠊ≉Ṧຠᯝࠊ⦅㞟ࠊ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ ࢡࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ౯್ほࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋྛ✀ࡢせ⣲ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࡢሙ㠃ࡢពࡣࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡾ࠺ࡿࠊㄝ᫂ࡋ ࡲࡍ㸦࠼ࡤタᐃࡸࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࢺࣛࢵࢡ࡞㸧ࠋ ʄ㑅ࢇࡔᫎ⏬ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡽࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛సᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋྛሙ㠃࡛ࢪࣕࣥ ࣝࡢࠕゝㄒࠖࡀࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾ࠸ࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄእᅜࡢேẼᫎ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࢆぢࡏࡲࡍࠋ⮬ᅜ࡛ไసࡉࢀࡓᫎ⏬ࡢࠕゝㄒࠖẚ㍑ࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋᵝࠎ࡞ᢏἲࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᢏἲࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఱࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྛᫎ⏬ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࡣㄡࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡸᆅඖࡢᅗ᭩㤋ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊྠࡌᫎ⏬ࡢ㐪࠺ᅜ࡛ࡢ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࢆ㸰ࡘ᥈ࡋࠊ ௨ୗࡢ㉁ၥࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭࣏ࢫࢱ࣮࡛ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿᫎ⏬ࡢ༳㇟ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣭ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㇟ᚩⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ ࣭࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࢆࡶྛᫎ⏬ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ྛᫎ⏬ࡘ࠸࡚࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗࢆఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄᫎ⏬ࡢሙ㠃ࡢศᯒ ʄᫎ⏬ࡢሙ㠃ࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸไస ʄᫎ⏬࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ ʄᫎ⏬ࡢẚ㍑ 95 ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄᫎ⏬࡛ࡢࢧ࢘ࣥࢻࢺࣛࢵࢡࡢ⏝ ʄ㡢㡪ຠᯝᢏᖌࡢ ʄࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ࡢࡁࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ୗᣲࡆࡓ㈨ᩱࡣ㐣ࡂࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓ⡿ࡸⱥᅜࡽ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡇࡢᆅᇦ௨እ࡛ࡣ㐺ษ࡛࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋᣦᑟ⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣྜࡗࡓ㈨ᩱࢆ సᡂࡍࡿࠊ᥈ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄGoodman, Steve. (2003). Teaching Youth Media: A Critical Guide to Literacy, Video Production, and Social Change. NY:Teacher ’s College Press. ʄHitchcock, Peter. (1992). Videography: A Guide to Making Videos. Ontario, Canada: Peter Hitchcock Productions. ʄJenkins, Henry. (2006). Convergence Culture: Where Old Media and New Media Collide. US: New York University. ʄMcLuhan, Eric and Zingrone, Frank. (1995). Essential McLuhan. Canada: Anansi. ʄBone, Jan and Johnson, Ron. (2001). Understanding the Film: An Introduction to Film Appreciation. US: Glencoe McGraw Hill. ʄBordwell, David and Thompson, Kristin. (1998). Film Art: An introduction. 6th edition. US: McGraw Hill. ʄFilm Education, 91 Berwick Street, London UK W1F 0BP. www.filmeducation.org. ↓ൾࡢᩍᮦඃࢀࡓࢫࢱࢹ࢞ࢻࡀ࠶ࡾࠊከࡃࡣ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡽࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻ࡛ࡁࡲ ࡍࠋ ʄFilm Study Guides for High School. Written for Pacific Cinematheque and distributed by Open Learning Agency of BC, Canada, www.cinematheque.bc.ca ⊂❧⣔ᫎ⏬ࡢࢫࢱࢹ࢞ࢻࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄNational Film Board of Canada. www.nfb.ca ᅜ❧ᫎ⏬༠㸦NFB㸧ࡣᏛᰯࡸබඹᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࡶࠊࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ᩍ ⫱ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄHoward, Sue ed. (1998). Wired-Up: Young People and the Electronic Media. UK: Routledge. ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡㛵ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞◊✲ࡢࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸ධ㛛᭩࡛ࡍࠋ 96 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳㸸ᗈ࿌ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ᗈ࿌ࡣࠊ༳ๅ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹࡢ㛫✵㛫ࢆ᭷ᩱ࡛⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ ࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊၟရࢆᐉఏࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୍⯡ⓗࠊᗈ࿌ࡣ㸰✀㢮࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋၟᴗᗈ࿌ࠊ ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣐࣮ࣕࣝࢣࢸࣥࢢࡤࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠊࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ ࣥࢺ㸦Public Service Announcements: PSA㸧࡛ࡍࠋၟᴗᗈ࿌ࡣ㏻ᖖࠊࡾୖࡆࢆ⏕ࡳฟ ࡍࡓࡵࠊே≀ࡸ〇ရࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊᴗࡢᐉఏࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ࡲࡍ㸦࠼ࡤ⾰ᩱရࡢ♫ࠊΎ ᾴ㣧ᩱࠊᫎ⏬࡞ࡢࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡸ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌㸧ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ୍⯡♫ࡢ┈࡞ࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᐉఏࢆࡋࡲࡍ㸦࠼ࡤᗣ Ᏻࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊㄞࡳ᭩ࡁ⬟ຊྥୖࡢዡບ࡞㸧ࠋᗈ࿌ࡢࡕࡽࡢᙧែࡶఏ⤫ⓗ࣓ࢹ ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࡢせ࡞ධ※࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡀ ᗈ࿌ࡽᚓࡿධࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ㈝ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸦࠼ࡤࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠊ㞧ㄅグࠊ ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌࡞㸧ࡢไసࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀாཷࡍࡿẸ⩏⮬⏤ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠊせ ࡞ᙇࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿẸ㛫࣓ࢹᴗࡢከࡃࡣࠊࡇࡢධ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣ⏕ࡁṧࢀ ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࣓ࢹࡗ࡚ࠊᗈ࿌ࡸࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡢẼධࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᶵࡸࠕఏ㐩ᡭẁࠖࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ ᗈ࿌ධࢆࡧ㎸ࡴࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࣓ࢹࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࠊබⓗ㟂せࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣከᵝ࡛ࡁ࡞ᕷẸࡢ㞟ᅋࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ 㞟ᅋࡣᖺ㱋ࠊே✀ࠊᛶูࠊධࠊᨻⓗಙᛕ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᗈ࿌ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࢀࠊᆅ⌫ୖࡢࢇ࠶ࡽࡺࡿሙᡤ฿㐩ࡋࡲࡍࠋᴗࡸ⤌⧊ࠊ ᕷẸࠊᨻᗓࡣၟရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᐉఏࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲࡓሗࡸಙ᮲ࠊ౯್ほࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ᗈ࿌ࢆ⏝ࡋࡲࡍࠋᗈ࿌ࡼࡗ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗࡸ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊᕷẸࡼࡿពᛮỴᐃ ࡢࡓࡵྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿᗈ࿌ࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊᩍᖌࡣ ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᗈ࿌ࡢไసࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊሗ※ࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ࢆホ౯㸦evaluate㸧࡛ ࡁࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᕷẸࡀᴗࡸᨻᗓᙜᒁ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ᗈ࿌ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣇ࣮ࢻ ࣂࢵࢡࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⤌ࡳࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡀᏛࡪࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᗈ࿌ࡀ࣓ࢹ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᗈ࿌ࡽࡢᅽຊ ࡼࡾࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡀㄽ㆟ࢆࡪࢺࣆࢵࢡࡘ࠸࡚᭩ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚බ┈㛵ࢃࡿෆᐜࡀ㝖ࡉࢀࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿፗᴦࡀᨭᣢ ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ࣓ࢹࡢㄽㄝⓗഃ㠃ၟᴗⓗഃ㠃ࡢ㛫᫂☜࡞ቨࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ 㸦ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ቨࡣࡵࡗࡓ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀ㸧ࠊ࣓ࢹᴗࡢၟᴗⓗ┈ࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡉࡲ࡛࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡓࡕ࡛ෆᐜࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࠺ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࡢᛴ⃭࡞Ⓨᒎࡼࡾᗈ࿌ࡢᶵࡀᣑࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᗈ࿌ࡣୡ㛫ࡢಙ㢗ࢆ ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡼࡗ࡚つไࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ୍⯡ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣᅜࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡛ᶵ⬟ࡋࠊᗈ࿌⏘ᴗࡼࡗ࡚ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࢥ࣮ࢻࡣᗈ࿌ࡀ┿ᐇ࡛බᖹࠊṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࢆಖドࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ᗈ࿌ᑂ㆟ࡸᾘ㈝⪅ᅋయࡀࠊᴗ⏺ࡢάື ࡘ࠸࡚ၥࡸᠱᛕࢆᣢࡗࡓᾘ㈝⪅ࡢၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࢆཷࡅࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ࡢᗈ࿌ࡣࡑࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᙺࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡣࡸࢸࣞࣅࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡸ㞧ㄅᗈ࿌ࠊ 97 ᒇእᗈ࿌ࡲࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᴗࡣሗࢆேࡧఏ࠼ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲࢆồࡵ⥆ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢ࣏ࢵࣉࢵࣉࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡸࡑࡢࡢᦠᖏ➃ᮎࠊᫎ⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢࣉࣟࢲ ࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 19 ࠊࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ዎ⣙ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᗈ࿌ࡀࡲࡍࡲࡍᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻ ᗓࡸᨻᐙࠊ㠀ᨻᗓ⤌⧊㸦NGO㸧ࡶࡲࡓᨻ⟇ࡸࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐉఏࡋ㈶ྠࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࠊࡲ ࡓሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࣓࣮ࢪࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵᗈ࿌ᡓ␎ࢆ⏝࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᅜෆࡢẸ㛫ᴗࡽࡢᗈ࿌ධࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹᴗࢆ ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹᴗࡣࡁࡣᨻᗓຍ࠼࡚ᾏእᴗࡽࡢᗈ࿌ ࡶ㢗ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊᆅᇦࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅฿㐩ࡋࡓ࠸ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᴗࡸ ⤌⧊ࡣࠊᆅᇦࡢ࣓ࢹࡽᗈ࿌ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆ㉎ධࡋࡲࡍࠋ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣᗈ࿌ࡸࣈࣛࣥࢹࣥࢢ ࡢάືࡀࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ࡿࠖၟရࡸᴗࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣈࣛࣥࢻࠖࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 㸯㸬ᗈ࿌ࠊ┈ࠊつไ 㸰㸬ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ 㸱㸬ᗈ࿌—㐀ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ 㸲㸬ᗈ࿌ᨻⓗ࣮ࣜࢼ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸ᗈ࿌ࠊ┈ࠊつไ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᗈ࿌つไࡢศᯒ ʄ᭱᪂ᗈ࿌ࡢつไࡢ㐺⏝ ʄ┈ࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢸࣞࣅࡢ㔜せ࡞┈※ࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ ʄᗈ࿌⏘ᴗ࠾ࡅࡿつไࡢ┠ⓗຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ᪤Ꮡࡢつไࢆ᭱᪂ࡢᗈ࿌ࡢ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ʄᗈ࿌ࡀ␒⤌ࡸ࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯㸦evaluate㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡸᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ࠸ࠊ⮬ศࡢᆅᇦᏑᅾࡍࡿᗈ࿌⏘ᴗࡢつไࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᚲせࡍࡿᕷẸࡀࡑࡢつไࡢሗࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࠶ࡿ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ಶேࡸᅋయࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢつไࢆసᡂࡋࡓ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢつไࡀᑐ㇟ࡍࡿせ࡞ 㡿ᇦࢆࡲࡵࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡀᕷẸࡸᾘ㈝⪅ࡢ┈ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᨭ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢつไࡀ⏘ᴗཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᆅᇦࡢ࣓ࢹ࠶ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᗈ࿌つไࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢ⛬ᗘࡑࡢつไࡀ 19 ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱ࠕᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື࡛ࠖㄝ᫂ 98 Ᏺࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈ࿌ࡀᾘ㈝⪅ࡽࡢពぢᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᐇ ࢆᣲࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᗈ࿌ࡀつไ㐪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᥐ⨨ࡘ࠸ ࡚ㄪࡲࡍࠋ ʄᗈ࿌ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡀ࣓ࢹࡢ␒⤌ࡸሗ㐨ࡢ✀㢮㉁ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ≉ ᐃࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ┈ࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ⮬ศࡢᆅᇦࡢࣉ࣒ࣛࢱ࣒ ࡢࢸࣞࣅࡸࣛࢪ࢜ࡢ␒⤌⦅ᡂࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋ20 ࡽ 23 ࡢ㛫ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡿ␒⤌ࢆ᭩ࡁ ฟࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࠶ࡿᒁࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ㸯ࠊ㸰㛫␒⤌ࢆぢ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⫈࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࢆࣜ ࢫࢺࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ␒⤌ࡢᗈ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡐࡑࡇᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ␒⤌ ᮏ⦅ෆᗈ࿌ࡸࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࢜ ࣮ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ฿㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡇࡢᯟ࡛ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᗈ࿌ᡓ␎ࡢຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᆅᇦࡢࢸࣞࣅ࡛ࡢど⫈⋡ୖ 10 ␒⤌ࡢᩘᏐࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋࢸࣞࣅᒁࢆࡦࡘ㑅ࡧࠊ≉ᐃࡢ ␒⤌ࡸ㛫ᖏᐉఏࡍࡿၟရࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆỴࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ㑅ᢥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫 ฿㐩ࡋ࠺ࡿࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡘࡘㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㛫ࡢ 30 ⛊ࡢᗈ ࿌ࡽࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿධࢆㄪᰝࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ᗈ࿌ࡀ࣓ࢹࡢせ࡞┈※࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡸሗ㐨ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊ ሗබ㛤ࡣࠊᗈ࿌ࡸᴗࡸᨻᗓࢆ‶㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ≛≅ࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋࡑࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋබⓗ㈨㔠࡛㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ࠾ ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢᨻᗓࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࡣබ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋබⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣẸ㛫ࡢ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᨻᗓᑐࡋᗈ࿌┈ࡢཷ㡿ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡀ ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࠕ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢせ࡞┠ⓗࡣ┈ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡇࠖࠋࡇࡢグ㏙ࡘ ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㈶ᡂᑐࡢㄽᣐࢆᣲࡆࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡼࡧከᵝ࡞ሗ ᥦ౪⪅ࡣᗈ࿌࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶ㐠Ⴀྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋ࣓ࢹࡀᗈ࿌ධࡢࡓࡵබඹࡢ ┈ࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࡽࠊᕷẸࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࢆࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋ࡞ࡐࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࡀࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ὀグ ࡇࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ➼ᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄᗈ࿌ศᯒつไࢆࡶࡋࡓホ౯ ʄࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊᗈ࿌┈ࡢㄪᰝホ౯ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦PSA㸧ࡢศᯒ ʄࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫ⏬ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ 99 ʄᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢ PSA ࢆ」ᩘศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄ㑅ࢇࡔၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ PSA ࡢ⏬ࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇࠋ┠ⓗࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊࢱ࣮ ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㐀ⓗᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿ ʄPSA ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᡓ␎ PSA ࢆࠊሗពᅗࡋࡓ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢఏ㐩ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࢜ ࣮ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࡢ฿㐩ࠊ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽホ౯㸦evaluate㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᨻᗓࡣ≉ᐃࡢබඹᨻ⟇ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᐃᮇⓗᕷẸᑐࡋ࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ⓨ ಙࡋࡼ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡓࡣࠊHIV ࢚ࢬឤᰁࡀᗈࡀࡿࡢࢆᢚ࠼㎸ࡴබ⾗⾨ ⏕࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡸࠊ࣐ࣛࣜࢆῶࡽࡍࡓࡵࡢ⺅ᖒࡢ⏝ಁ㐍ࠊ㆑Ꮠ᥎㐍ࡢ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦PSA㸧ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ʄᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࢆࡶࠊPSA ࡢព┠ⓗࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋPSA ࡀၟᴗᗈ࿌ ࠺㐪࠺ࡢㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ PSA ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓၥ㢟 ࢆࠊࣈࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࣜࢫࢺࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢᆅᇦࡢ PSA ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࢃࢀ᪉ࢆ ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄୗグࡢࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢧࢺࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸦ࡇࢀࡽࡣࡇࡇ࡛ࡢάືࢆ ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ௦ࢃࡾࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ㐺ࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࢆ࠺ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸧ࠋ ࣭ http://www.un.org.za/public-service-announcement-on-the-effects-of-drugs ࣭ http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/human-trafficking-publicservice-announcements.html ࣭ http://saloproductions.com/public-service-announcements/psa-samples.php ༳ๅ፹యࡸᫎീ፹యࡢ PSA ࢆ」ᩘ᳨ウࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㔜せ࡞≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ㔜せ࡞ሗఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿせ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᥦ♧ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿศᯒࡋࡲࡍࠋᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㐀ⓗ᪉ࡢᡓ␎ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᵝࠎ࡞ PSA ࠾ࡅࡿ⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ PSA ࡢᙇࢆ ☜ㄆࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᐇᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠺☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋPSA ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗせ⣲ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ ព࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᵝࠎ࡞࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࣥࢢࣝࡢ ⏝ࡼࡾసࡾฟࡉࢀࡿຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ㡢ኌࡀពࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢࡢࡼ࠺ ࢃࢀࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᩍᖌࡣࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ࡞ࡽ PSA ࢆど⫈ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡼࡾヲࡋࡃ ࠕศゎ㸦⬺ᵓ⠏㸧ࠖࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋPSA ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋぢࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣇࢩࣜ ࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡣࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡈ୍Ṇࡋ࡚ࠊぢࡓࡾ⫈࠸ࡓࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⤮ࢥࣥࢸグ㏙࡛ࡁ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡛ ࡋ ࡻ ࠺ ࠋ ⤮ ࢥ ࣥ ࢸ ࡢ ࢧ ࣥ ࣉ ࣝ ࡣ http://www.storyboardsinc.com/࡛ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄ♫ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩥⓗ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ PSA ࡢ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝ⏬ࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋ PSA ࡢᅵྎ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࣈࣞࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣑ࣥࢢࡋࡲࡍࠋ┠ⓗㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡣఏ࠼ࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡁࡶᙺ❧ࡕࡲࡍࠋఏ࠼ࡿ ࡁ㔜せ࡞ሗ୰ᚰⓗ࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ㄡࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡿࡢ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋሗ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣ≉ᐃࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭ ࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫྥࡅࡽࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣭⣬ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࢆ᭩ࡁฟࡋࠊPSA ࢆไసࡍࡿࡢ࠺ᡓ␎ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑ 100 ࡇࡣ㐀ⓗᡓ␎㸦PSA ࡢෆᐜࡢࢹ㸧ᢏ⾡ⓗᡓ␎㸦ไసࡢᵓᡂせ⣲㸧ࡀྵࡲ ࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡸᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㐀ⓗᡓ␎ࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢆグ㏙ࡋࠊPSA ࡢᴫせࢆᡂࡉࡏࡲ ࡍࠋ ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦PSA㸧ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥ Think Literacy ࢆࡶᨵኚ http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/studentsuccess/thinkliteracy/library.html ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ㸸⤌⧊㸭౫㢗ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࠊ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢ┠ⓗࡸຠ⏝ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ⟇ᐃࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᡓ␎㸸㐀ⓗᡓ␎㸦ࢹࡢㄝ᫂ࠊࡢࡼ࠺┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡢグ㏙ࡀྵࡲࢀࡲࡍ㸧 ࠊᢏ⾡ⓗᡓ␎㸦ࢡࣛࣥࢺࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡢ࣓ࢹࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ ἲ࡛࠼ࡿ㸧ࠋ ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅㸸ㄡࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄡఏ࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ ࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢヲ⣽࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡲࡍ㸦ᖺ㱋ࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊே✀ࠊ㝵⣭ࠊᅜ⡠ࠊࡑ ࡢᙧᘧࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡌࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࡞㸧ࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺ㸸┠ⓗࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥయࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊୖ㏙ࡢ㐀ⓗᡓ␎㸦ྵࡲࢀ ࡿ㔜せ࡞ሗࠊどⅬࠊヰࡢ➽ࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࠊゝㄒࠊⓏሙே≀ࡢ⾰⾜ື㸧ࠋල యⓗ࡞ᙇ⥴ⓗ࡞ࣆ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋ ไస㸸ไసࡍࡿ PSA ࡢᴫ␎ࠋᢏ⾡ⓗᡓ␎⤖ࡧࡘ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࠊ㡢ኌࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ≉Ṧຠᯝࠊࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡࠊࢽ࣓࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼ࢆ᳨ウ ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡢᢏ⾡ࡀᚲせ࡞ពࢆఏ࠼ࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᘬࡁ❧࡚ࡿࠊุ᩿ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⏘ᴗ㸭ၟᴗⓗഃ㠃:ࡇ࡛ࠊ࠸ࡘ PSA ࢆὶࡋࡓ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࢸࣞࣅࡸࣛࢪ࢜ࠊ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ PSA ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹ࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡿᗈ࿌ࡢせ⣲ࢆྵࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥ㸭ࢪࣥࢢࣝࠊලయⓗ࡞ࣆ࣮ࣝᙇࠊ㐺ษ࡞⫼ᬒࡸᑠ㐨ල࣭⾰ࡀ᭩ ࢀࡓ⬮ᮏࠊ㐺ษ࡞ᫎീࡸ㡢ኌࡢᣦ♧ࢆྵࡴ⤮ࢥࣥࢸࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄPSA ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺィ⏬ ʄᡂရ㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡋ࡚ࡢ PSA—Ⓨ⾲ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ᗈ࿌㸸㐀ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᗈ࿌ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ïࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ʄᗈ࿌࠾ࡅࡿᙇࣆ࣮ࣝࢆホ౯㸦evaluate㸧ࡍࡿ ʄᗈ࿌ࡢࢹࢨࣥไసࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ ʄ␒⤌ෆࡢࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ 101 ʄሗఏ㐩ࡢᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ࡢὶ㏻㐣⛬ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄᢏ⾡ⓗ࣭㐀ⓗᡓ␎ࢆྵࡴࠊᗈ࿌ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ㛤Ⓨࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࡇ ʄᗈ࿌ࡢ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࢆศゎ㸦⬺ᵓ⠏㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ≉ᐃࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫᑐࡋ࡚ᗈ࿌࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆホ ౯ 㸦assess㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄࠕ⬟ືⓗ࡞࣮ࠖ࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࡢᴫᛕࡀᗈ࿌ࡢࡼ࠺ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ពࡢ΅ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ㸦࠶ࡿ ᗈ࿌ࡀᡂຌࡋู࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ࡀᡂຌࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸧 ʄ᭱᪂ࡢᗈ࿌ࡢഴྥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ ʄ㛫᥋ⓗ࡞ᗈ࿌࡞ࡿࠊ␒⤌ෆࡢࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ㸦グၟ ᴗⓗෆᐜࡢΰᅾ㸧 ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ⮬ศࡢᏛᰯ㸭࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡸ㏆㞄ᆅᇦࢆᐃࡋࠊࡑࡇ࠶ࡿᗈ࿌ࡸࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦PSA㸧ࠊᐉఏࡸࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈ࿌㸭PSA 㸭ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚▷ࡃㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࡛ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ࣓ ࣮ࢪࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊᚲせ࡞ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡋࡲࡍࠋྛ ࡢฟᡤࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍ㸦ㄡࡀࡑࢀࢆసࡗࡓࠊㄡࡀ┈ࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ ࣭ᴗࡸᶵ㛵ࡀྡ๓ࡸၟရࡸࣟࢦࢆฟࡍࡢ࡞ࡐࡑࡢሙᡤࢆ㑅ࡪࡢㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮㸭ᐉఏࡀࠕఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࠖᗈ࿌ࡢࡼ࠺㐪࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡀᆅᇦࡸሙࠊᘓ≀ࡢྡᶒ㈍ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᗈ࿌ᡓ␎ࡀᗈ࿌ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊಶேࡶࡓࡽࡍ┈┈ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄከࡃࡢ㞧ㄅࢆㄪࠊࢸࣞࣅࡢᗈ࿌ࢆぢ࡚ࠊᴗࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡍࠋ᭱ ᪂ࡢ࡛ࢃࢀࡿᗈ࿌ᡓ␎ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋヲ⣽᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵᗈ࿌ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ㑅ࡧ ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈ࿌࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿၟရࡢࠕᛶ᱁ࠖࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊᗈ࿌ࡀႏ㉳ࡋࡼ ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿឤࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᗈ࿌ࡸ PSA ࡣࢇ࡞⣙᮰ࡸゎỴἲࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣࡢ⛬ᗘ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᖾ⚟ࡸᡂຌࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈ࿌࡛ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗࡸ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊ౯್ほࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡍࠋグᗈ࿌ ࡢ᫂☜࡞༊ูࡢᚲせࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᗈ࿌ࡢ୰࡛ලయⓗ࡞ᙇࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᙇࢆࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋㄗゎࢆᣍࡃࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ᫂☜࡞ሗࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡑࡢᗈ࿌ࡢ࣮࢜ ࢹࣥࢫᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞່࿌ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢᗈ࿌࡛ᥦ ♧ࡉࢀࡿሗࢆཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡍࠋሗࡸ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆࡼ ࡾṇ☜ࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᡂࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ᭦ࡀᥦ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢆࡶㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࡢࡓࡵࠊ⣬፹యࡢᗈ࿌ࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢάື࡛ࡣᗈ࿌࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࢹࢨࣥ ࡢせ⣲ࠊఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡉࢀࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ ࡲࡍࠋࢹࢨࣥࡢせ⣲㸦ᵓᅗࠊࣥࢢࣝࠊ↷᫂ࠊⰍㄪࠊゝⴥࡢ㑅ᢥ࡞㸧ࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡸ ሗࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᙧᘧࡀࡢࡼ࠺ෆᐜࢆᙉࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡣࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢ␒⤌ࡸ᭩⡠ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࢺࡢ࡞࡛ࠊᗈ࿌ࡔࡣ♧ࡉࡎၟရࢆ┠❧ࡘࡼ࠺㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ␒⤌య ࡢ㈝⏝㛵㐃ࢥࢫࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡢせᮃࡑࡗ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ␒⤌ࡢ᭱ 102 ึ᭱ᚋ࡛ど⫈⪅ࡀ᫂☜▱ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺᮲௳࡛ࠊࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ チྍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿつไᶵ㛵ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺࡢࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸ࡑ ࢀࡽࡣࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿぢศࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣟࢲࢡࢺ࣭ࣉࣞ ࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㛵ࡍࡿつไࡀᅜ࠶ࡿሙྜࠊᕷẸࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࢆࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩥ ⬦ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊၟရࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋၟရ⮬యࡼࡗ࡚ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩥ⬦ࡸ㓄⨨ࡀኚࢃࡿࠊၟရ࣓࣮ࢪࡸ ࡑࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣኚࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ᗈ࿌⏘ᴗ㛵ࢃࡿேࡸᶵ㛵㸭⤌⧊ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᙺࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᫎീࡢᗈ࿌ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋࡓせ㛵ಀ⪅㸭ᶵ㛵ࡢᙺࡣᗈ࿌ࡢ୰᫂☜ ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢᗈ࿌ࡢไసὶ㏻㛵ࢃࡿ▱㆑ࡣࠊᗈ࿌ࡼࡾࡼ࠸ 㛵ಀࢆࡶࡘ࠺࠼࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓᗈ࿌ࡀᚲせ࡞ሗࢆ౪⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠊࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺ᙺ❧ࡘ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ㸦ὀグ㸸ࡇ ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬࠕThe Persuadersࠖࡀ⯆῝࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣔࢪ ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ᭱ᚋࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࣜࢫࢺ࠶ࡿࠊࡇࡢ␒⤌ࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄᗈ࿌ศᯒï⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࠊᢏ⾡ⓗせ⣲㸭ࢹࢨࣥࡢせ⣲ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ ࢆྵࡴࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࣟࢢࡢグධïᗈ࿌ࡢศゎ㸦⬺ᵓ⠏㸧ど⫈ࡢᛂ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸ᗈ࿌ᨻⓗ࣮ࣜࢼ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᨻ࣭㑅ᣲᗈ࿌ࡢศᯒ ʄᨻᗈ࿌ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡢホ౯㸦evaluation㸧 ʄᨻᗈ࿌ࡢつไᶵ㛵ࡢホ౯㸦evaluation㸧 ʄᅜᨻ㑅ᣲᮇ㛫㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹつไ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᨻ࣭㑅ᣲᗈ࿌ࢆホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄᨻᗈ࿌ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆホ౯㸦evaluate㸧ࡍࡿࡇ ʄᨻ࣭㑅ᣲᗈ࿌ࡢ⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ ʄᨻᗈ࿌࡛ࡢ⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊぢ㆑࠶ࡿᕷẸࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ␎ࢆ ᥦゝࡍࡿࡇ ʄᕷẸࡀ㑅ᣲ୰つไᶵ㛵ㄳồࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄ⮬ศࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦࡢᨻᗈ࿌ࡢࢆ㞟ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᚲせ࡞ࡽᆅᇦࡢᅗ᭩㤋࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ࠸ࡑࢀࡽࡢᗈ࿌ࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ୍⯡ᕷẸࡀᨻᗈ࿌ 㛵ᚰࢆࡶࡕ࠺ࡿࡢࠊ⌮⏤ࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ┠ⓗࠊఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊࢱ࣮ࢤ ࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈ࿌ࡢຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋࢹࢨࣥࡸᙧᘧ 103 ࡀෆᐜࢆᙉࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄྠࡌᨻ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡽࡢᗈ࿌ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ᳨ウࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ୍యࡋࡓࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡࠊ ࣓࣮ࢪࠊࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆࡗࡓ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥయࡢຠᯝࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡸᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝ࡋࠊᨻᗈ࿌ࢆ┘どࡍࡿࡓࡵタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿつ ไᶵ㛵ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋ㑅ᣲᮇ㛫୰ೃ⿵⪅ࡓࡕࡀ࠺ᗈ࿌ࢆ┘どࡍࡿࡓࡵᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋ㑅ᢥࡋࡓᗈ࿌ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘࡇࢀࡽࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࡑࢀࡽࡢつไᶵ㛵ࡀᕷẸࡢ┈ࢆ௦⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᨻᗈ࿌ࡀ┿ᐇࠊබṇࠊ ṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆಖドࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᕷẸࡀᯝࡓࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᙺࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋᨻᗈ࿌ࡢ つไᶵ㛵⮬ศࡓࡕࡀᥦゝ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆࡲࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ㑅ᣲሗ㐨ࡢ࣓ࢹつไ㸦㑅ᣲ⟶⌮ጤဨࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࢆࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉ ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋୡㄽㄪᰝࡢሗ㐨ࡸࠊᅜᨺ㏦࡛ࡢᨻඪ㛫ࡢᨺ㏦㛫ᙜ࡚ࠊ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝࡢᨺ㏦ ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡀ࠶ࡿㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᨻࢥࣥࢧࣝࢱࣥࢺࡢࣇࣛࣥࢡ࣭ࣝࣥࢶࡣ㢳ᐈࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡢே⏕ࡢ 80 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡣឤ ࡛ࠊ▱ᛶࡣ 20 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡼࡾࡶࠊ ࠺ឤࡌࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ࠺ࡣࡿ⯆ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢゝⴥࢆࡩࡲ࠼ ࡚ࠊᨻᗈ࿌ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᨻᗈ࿌ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿㄝ ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋೃ⿵⪅ࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡸᨻ⟇ࢆࠕࡾ㎸ࡴࠖࡢࢃࢀࡿゝⴥࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ ゝⴥࡀṇ☜ㄗゎࢆᣍࡃࡶࡢホ౯㸦assess㸧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᨻᗈ࿌࡛ࡢ⥴ⓗࣆ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊぢ㆑࠶ࡿᕷẸࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡓ␎ࢆ ᥦゝࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄᴗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮㸦Ꮫᰯෆࡢࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡸᗈ࿌ࢆྵࡴ㸧 ʄᗈ࿌࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ྡேࡢ㉳⏝ ʄᚰ࠶ࡿ㈨ᮏ⩏ 20 (Caring capitalism)-ᵝࠎ࡞ᴗࡼࡿ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢᡓ␎ⓗ⾜ Ⅽࡢಁ㐍ࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿࡀࠊ᭷ྡேࡢ㉳⏝ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ʄᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗᒓᛶ࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫㄪᰝ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡢከࡃࡣ⡿ࡽ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᆅᇦ࡛ࡢ⏝ࡣྥ࡞࠸ࡶࡋ ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋᣦᑟᩍဨࡣ௦ࢃࡾࡼࡾཷㅮ⏕㛵㐃ࡢ࠶ࡿࠊᆅᇦࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ᥈ࡍࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄAdbusters – www.adbusters.org ᗈ࿌࣏ࣆ࣮ࣗࣛᩥࡢᢈホࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࠋࣃࣟࢹᗈ࿌࡛᭷ྡࠋ ʄAdvertising Age – www.adage.com ᴗ⏺ࡢฟ∧≀ࠋᗈ࿌㈝ࠊᡓ␎ࡢሗ࿌࡞ࠋ ʄAds of the World – http://adsoftheworld.com/ ᗈ࿌බᩥ᭩㤋ࠊୡ⏺ࡢᗈ࿌άືࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠋ ʄThe Persuaders – Frontline – www.pbs.org ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢᗈ࿌ᡓ␎ࡀࠊேࡧࡢ㈙࠺ࡶࡢࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡸ࿘ᅖࡢୡ⏺ࡢぢ ᪉ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢆ᥈ࡿ␒⤌ࠋࡇࡢ㸷㸮ศࡢࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ ࣮࡛ࣜࡣࠊᗈ࿌㸭࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࡢୡ⏺ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡸ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮ࡓࡕࡀㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 20 ♫యࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ┈ࢆ㏣ồࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ 104 ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ PBS㸦බඹᨺ㏦ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸧ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛ᢤ⢋㸴⦅ࢆほࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡣ ➨ 㸯 ❶ ➨ 㸰 ❶ ࠊHigh Concept Campaign Emotional Branding ࢆほࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄhttp://www.un.org.za/public-service-announcement-on-the-effects-of-drugs ʄhttp://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/human-trafficking-public-serviceannouncements.html ʄhttp://saloproductions.com/public-service-announcements/psa-samples.php ʄThe Merchants of Cool – Frontline – www.pbs.org ᗈ࿌ࡀⱝ⪅ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ᥈ࡿࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࡛⏝ྍ⬟ࠋ ʄThink Literacy, Media, Grades 7–10 (2005) ࣃ ࣈ ࣜ ࢵ ࢡ ࣭ ࢧ ࣮ ࣅ ࢫ ࣭ ࢼ ࢘ ࣥ ࢫ ࣓ ࣥ ࢺ ไ స ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ㈨ ᩱ ࠋ http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/studentsuccess/thinkliteracy/library.html ʄRejected Online – http://bestrejectedadvertising.com/html ᑂ⨾ⓗࠊၟᴗⓗࠊᡓ␎ⓗ⌮⏤࡛ࢡࣛࣥࢺ༷ୗࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࠋ⚗Ṇࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࠊࣃࣟࢹ ࠊᢈุࢆཷࡅࡓᗈ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 105 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸴㸸᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊ᮰ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡀࠊᨻ࣭⤒῭࣭♫ⓗ࡞ኚࡢ୰࡛ ᕷẸࡢ♫ཧຍࢆࡢࡼ࠺ಁࡍᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࢹ ࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡸ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹࡢᵝᘧ㸦࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊࣈࣟࢢࠊ࢘࢟࣌ࢹࠊ ࣮ࣘࢳ࣮ࣗࣈࠊࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒࡞㸧ࡀࠊẸ⩏ ♫࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ྂ࠸࣓ࢹྲྀࡗ࡚௦ࢃࡾࠊ▱㆑ࡸሗࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊⰋ࠸⤫ ཧຍࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆᐜ᫆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ༳ๅ࣓ࢹࡸࠊࢸࣞࣅᒁࣛࢪ࢜ᒁ࠸ࡗࡓᨺ㏦ᒁࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࡞ ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ేᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹᵝᘧࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋࠊ ሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࡢᖜࢆᗈࡆࠊᕷẸࡀ༢ሗࢆᾘ㈝ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ✚ᴟⓗሗࡢ⏕⏘ ὶ㏻ཧຍࡍࡿ࠸࠺ཧຍᆺᩥࢆࡾࡔࡍࡇࡶྍ⬟ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤ᪂ࡓ࡞ሗࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡㸦ICTs㸧ࡣࠊ▱㆑ሗࢆከࡃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀඹ᭷ࡋࠊ♫ཧ ຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᶵࢆࡾࡔࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣẸ⩏ࡢ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿேࡧࡢ✚ᴟⓗ ࡞ཧຍࢆྍ⬟ࡋࠊࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸♫ࢆษࡾ㛤࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮰ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡣࠊᨻ࣭⤒῭࣭♫ⓗ࡞ᖜᗈ࠸ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢබࡢ㆟ㄽ ேࡧࡀཧຍࡋࠊ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡍࡿవᆅࢆࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࡢᇶ┙ࡣࠊᕷẸ ࡀព㆑ⓗ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿẸ⩏ࡢ㐣⛬ཧຍࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡸၥ 㢟ࢆࠊࡼࡾ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ♫ࡢࡇࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸸 㸯㸬ྂ࠸࣓ࢹࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ 㸰㸬࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࢆ♫ ࡢ୰࡛࠺ 㸱㸬ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࡢᤵᴗ⏝ࢆྵࡴࠊ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆ࠺ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸ྂ࠸࣓ࢹࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄኚ⥅⥆ᛶɆ࣓ࢹࡢ⡆༢࡞Ṕྐ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢ᮰ࡣఱ ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡋ࡚ࡢࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹ ʄ᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ࡞㐪࠸ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢ⡆༢࡞Ṕྐࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡀ᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ᮰ࢆࡢࡼ࠺㐍ࡵࡓࡢࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ʄ᪂ᪧࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ㐪࠸ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡀཧຍᆺࡢẸ⩏ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙉࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ 106 ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊ༳ๅ࣓ࢹࡸᨺ㏦࣓ࢹࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ୍ᑐከᩘࠖ࠸࠺ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࣔࢹࣝࡽࠊ༠ാⓗ࡞ไసࡸࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢඹ᭷࠸ࡗࡓࠕࣆ ࢶ࣮ࣆࠖࣔࢹࣝࡢ⛣⾜ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀࢹࢪࢱࣝࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࣛ ࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࠊࣃࢯࢥࣥࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢᶵ⬟ࢆࡍ࡚ྵࢇ࡛ᣢࡕ㐠ࡧྍ⬟࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗ➃ᮎ ࠸࠺ព࡛᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ࠸ࡗࡓࠊከᵝ࡞➃ᮎࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ㡢ኌࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࢹࢪࢱࣝࡍࡿࡇࡀࠊ᮰࡛࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ᮰ࡀࠊ᪉ྥࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᶵࢆࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣭ཷㅮ⏕ࡣᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢⓏሙࡲ࡛ࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ㐍ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡿ◊✲ ㄢ㢟ࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚⏝ࡉࢀࠊ♫࡛ᖜ ᗈࡃ⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡗࡓࡢࢆㄪᰝࡋࡲࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵ⬟ࡸࡑࡢᩍ⫱ ࡢⅬࠊᕷẸ♫⤫ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢసᴗࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊࢡࣛࢫ ෆ࡛㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊⓎ⾲ࢆకࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࣭ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡀ♫࠾ࡅࡿ⮬⏤࡞Ⓨゝࢆࡢ⛬ᗘྍ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࢆㄪࡲࡍࠋㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣேࡧࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࢆ⮬ᕫ⾲⌧ࡢࡓࡵࡢࡼ ࠺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿὀពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫࠾࠸࡚᪂⪺ࡸࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅ ࠸ࡗࡓྂ࠸࣓ࢹࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࡛ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢽ࣮ࣗ ࢫࢧࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ᮰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆㄪࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋཷㅮ ⏕ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢⓎぢࢆࠊࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࡸࡑࡢࡢⓎ⾲ᙧែ࡛ᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚♧ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࣭ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡀ♫࠾࠸࡚ࡢ⛬ᗘఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ሗ㐨࣓ࢹᣮᡓࡋࠊ ேࡧࡀ㔜せ࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ㡯┠ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹࢆ⏝ࡋࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࡢከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹࡢ⏝⪅ࡀၥ㢟ࡸヰ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡓࡵࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓពぢࢆ ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄪᰝࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡸウㄽࢆ⾜࠺ ࡓࡵ⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ άື ʄ⌧ᐇࠊࠕᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࠖࡶࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛬ᗘ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪂ᪧࡢ ࣓ࢹࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▷࠸࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࢚ࢵࢭ࡛ࡣࠊྂ࠸࣓ࢹ 㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡢ┦㐪ࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⦅㞟ࡢ㈐௵ࠊከᵝᛶࠊ ࡢࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢཎ๎࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄྂ࠸࣓ࢹࡢ≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀ⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡓ⦅㞟㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊಶே ࡢࡓࡵ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ┿ṇ࡞ሗ㐨ࡸሗ㐨ᶵ㛵ࡢ㈉⊩ᐤࡍࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ࢜ࣥ ࡛ࣛࣥࡢᕷẸࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐣⛬ࢆ⤒ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊಶேࡢ ࣈ࣮ࣟ࢞ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓሗ㐨ෆᐜࠊ᪂⪺ࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ∧࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓሗ㐨ෆᐜࡢ㛫 㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡸᢏ⾡ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿ㝿ࠊ▱㆑ሗࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ ኚࡍࡿࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣኚࡋ࡞࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡢⓏሙࡀࡢࡼ࠺ேࡧࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲᙳ㡪ࡋࠊ┈ ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡀᩍᖌࡢ ♫ⓗ࣭Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡞㠃ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࢆࡼࡾከࡃࡢே ࡀ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣮᡓࡸᶵࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 107 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸ࡗࡓ ᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹࢆ♫ࡢ୰࡛࠺ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹ♫ⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥɆࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡞ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡑࡢⓎᒎ ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡢ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢኚࠊẸ⩏ไᗘࡢኚࡢ┦ 㛵ಀ Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ♫ⓗ࣭ᨻⓗഃ㠃࠾ࡅࡿࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿ ʄ♫࠾ࡅࡿ⌧௦ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ▱㆑ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㸯ࡘ㸰ࡘࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ ࣓ࢹᵝᘧࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ʄ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ♫ ࠾ࡅࡿẸ⩏ไᗘẸ⩏ࡢ㐣⛬᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡀ࠼ࡓᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ࡍࡿ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ㄪᰝ◊✲ᤵᴗ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᑠつᶍ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡣཷㅮ⏕⮬㌟ࡢᅜ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹᇶ┙ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ Ꮫ⩦ࠊࡑࢀࡽ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺⮬ᅜࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛ⩦ࡶྵࡴࡁ࡛ࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣ⮬ᅜᨻᗓࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆ㜀ぴࡋࠊᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛⮬ᅜ ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣓࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㏆㞄ㅖᅜࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺẚ㍑ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㆟ㄽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦ⮬ᅜࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ ࡍࡿࡢ≉ᚩࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᤵᴗ࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀ ࡽ≉ᚩ࡞ࡢⓎぢࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ㄪᰝࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡢⓎ⾲ ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹ㸦ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࣛࢪ࢜ࠊಶேࡢ᪂⪺ࠊᆅ᪉᪂⪺ࠊ ᅜ᪂⪺ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸧ࡀࠊᨻⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽᕷẸࡀཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࡢࡘ࠸࡚ㄪࡿ࠸࠺ᑠつᶍ࡛ࡢㄪᰝάືࢆᐇࡋ࡚ࡳࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄪᰝࡢヰ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡣ HIV ࡸ࢚ࢬ㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࠊ࣐ࣀࣜࢸ㞟ᅋࡢࡓࡵࡢ♫ ⓗබṇ࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ≉ࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸦ࣇ࢙ࢫࣈࢵࢡࡸ ࢶࢵࢱ࣮࡞㸧ࡢᦠᖏྍ⬟࡞➃ᮎࡢᙺ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡇࡣ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍࠋࡼࡾ୍⯡ⓗゝ࠼ࡤࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽ㄡࡀࡑࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆࡾࡔࡋࠊࡑࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢ࡞ࡢ ఱࡀせ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡑࢀࡽ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡧ ྥ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠊ ࡞ ࡐ ࡑ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ே ࡧ ࡀ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡋࡻ ࠺ 㸽ࡑࡢ࣓ࢹࡢࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡸᢞ㈨ᐙࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࢀࡣ␗࡞ࡿ࣓ࢹࡢᏑᅾࡢ ᪉ࡣ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ࣓࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢹࡣࡢࡼ࠺␗ ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ᤵᴗ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ 108 ᣦᑟᩍဨࡣࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚ᨭ㓄ⓗ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹᇶ࡙ ࠸୍࡚⯡ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡣࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࢺࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࢺ࣓࣮ࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡸࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥࣉࣜ࡞ࡢᦠᖏ㟁ヰᢏ⾡ࠊᆅࢹࢪࢸࣞࣅࠊ ࢹࢪࢱࣝࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࠕࢩ࣒ࢬ㸦SIMS㸧ࠖ࡞ࡢ௬⌧ᐇࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢤ࣮࣒ࡸ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ ࢤ࣮࣒࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡢⅬࡸ࡞Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ド ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ๓ࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏣⯋㒔ࡢ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾᐇࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࣥ ࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ⤖ᯝࡽࠊཷㅮ⏕ࡣᤵᴗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡀ⏝⪅ࡢᨻⓗ࣭⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫ⓗ ⏕άࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ άື ʄ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࡀࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿேࠎࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࢆࡢ ࡼ࠺ኚࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊேࡧࡢὶࠊሗࠊពᛮỴᐃࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࢆࡢࡼ࠺ ኚࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡘ࠸࡚ᑠつᶍࡢㄪᰝࢆᐇࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ ʄ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠾࠸࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡽࡀ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡸᕷẸࡢ౯್ほࠊពぢᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ◊✲ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢᢏ⾡ࡣ♫ࡢᐩ⿱ᒙ㈋ᅔᒙࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᱁ᕪࢆᇙࡵࡿࡢࡢࡼ࠺ᙺ❧ࡗࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊ࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡛ࡍࠋࢹࢪࢱࣝ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀேࡧࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿὶࡢ᪉ἲࠊ▱㆑ࡢඹ᭷ሗࡢ᪉ἲࢆ ࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ ʄ⮬ศࡀᢅ࠸ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺≉ᐃࡢヰ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢὶࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣡ ࣮ࢡࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᤵᴗᡓ␎ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞┠ⓗ ࡢࡓࡵ⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ᩍᖌࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡㄢ㢟ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣜࢫࢡࢆ≉ᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲࢆᥦࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ʄ㟁Ꮚᨻᗓࡣࠊሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍ᪂ࡋࡃ࡚㠉᪂ⓗ࡞⤫ ᙧែࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ⤫ࡢࡸࡾ᪉࠸ ࡃࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 㸦㸯㸧ពᛮỴᐃࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡿሗ▱㆑ࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡛ཧຍࢆಁࡍ㟁Ꮚ Ẹ⩏ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࠊ 㸦㸰㸧⛯㔠ࡢ⏦࿌ࡸ⏦ㄳ᭩㢮ࡢ≧ἣࡢ☜ㄆ࡞ࠊ㠃ಽ࡞సᴗࢆ⮬ືࡍ ࡿ㟁Ꮚࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࠊ 㸦㸱㸧᪂ࡋ࠸ሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡࡛㐙⾜ࡉࢀࡿሗฎ⌮ ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆక࠺⤫㐣⛬ࡢྥୖࠊබⓗ㒊㛛ࡢෆ㍯ࡢసᴗࡢྥୖ࠸࠺ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⟶⌮ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࠋ ࡇࡢࡓࡵሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡣࠊ⤫㐣⛬ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭷ຠ࡞᪉ἲ࡞ࡾ ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㟁Ꮚ⤫㟁Ꮚᨻᗓࡣ㛵ಀࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛫ࡣᚤጁ࡞㐪࠸ࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㟁 Ꮚᨻᗓࡣࠊᨻᗓࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ⮬ືࡉࢀࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊ㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡣᨻ⟇㐣⛬ࡀ㛤 ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿேࡧࢆໟᣓࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿไᗘ࡛ࡍ㸦ཧ⪃㸸UNESCO2007㸧 ࣭ཷㅮ⏕ࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡀ⮬ᅜᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆㄪ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ドᣐࢆࠊ㸰ࡘࢆᣲࡆ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲ ࡓࠊࡢ⛬ᗘᨻ⟇ࡢ㐣⛬⮬ศࡓࡕࡀ㛵࡛ࡁࡿࡢࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᕷẸࡣᬑ㐢 ⓗ㛵࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡢⅬ ࡞Ⅼࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡢᆅᇦࡸࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ㛵ಀࡍࡿᆅ᪉⤫య࠾ࡅࡿఝ ࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢᙧែࡢ㟁Ꮚ⤫ࡀࠊ࠶࡞ ࡓࡢఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⤫య࡛ࡣ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡍ㸽 ʄሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡸ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ㐲㝸ᆅࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ఫࡴேࡧྠᵝࠊ⏨ᛶዪᛶࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ࠊ≉ᐃࡢẸ᪘ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓ㞟ᅋࠊ 109 ඛఫẸ᪘࠸ࡗࡓேࡧࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣭ᆅᇦࡸᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊዪᛶࠊ㐲㝸ᆅࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸఫࡴேࡧࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸⪅ ࡀࠊሗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡸ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶᮏ ⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋዪᛶࡣ⏨ᛶྠࡌࡼ࠺ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽㞀ࡀ࠸ ࢆᣢࡘேࡧࡸ㐲㝸ᆅఫࡴேࡧࡣࡢ⛬ᗘࡑࢀࡽᢏ⾡ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽ࡑࡢ ᐇࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿࡇࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡶࡋ≉ᐃࡢ࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓ㞟ᅋࡀࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊ ఱࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡶࡋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦ࡛ධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ ࡇࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤌⧊ࡀ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢḞⴠᑐࡋ࡚ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࡢᤵᴗ⏝ࢆྵࡴࠊ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆ ࠺ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࠊᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢࢯ ࣇࢺ࢙࡛࢘ࡢゎỴ᪉ἲ ʄᏛ⩦⪅ࡀࢃࡾࡸࡍ࠸⎔ቃࢆࡾࡔࡍ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢព㆑㛵ᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐨ලࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹࢤ࣮࣒ ʄᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞ࢤ࣮࣒ vs ፗᴦࡢࡓࡵࡢࢤ࣮࣒ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ࠾ࡅࡿ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࠊ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢ㆟ㄽࠊࣈࣟࢢࠊ ࢘࢟ࠊ࢘࢟ࣈࢵࢡࠊ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢸࣥࢢࠊື⏬ᢞ✏ࠊࣅࢹ࣭࢜࢜ࣥࢹ࣐ࣥࢻࠊࢥ ࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ౯್ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ʄ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࠊ≉ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚♫ⓗࠊ▱ⓗࠊ✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆఙ ࡤࡍ ʄ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࠊ≉ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ ʄᩘᏛࡸ⛉Ꮫࠊ♫⛉࡞ࡢᏛ⾡ᩍ⛉࠾ࡅࡿᴫᛕࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊపḟࡶࡋࡃࡣ㧗ḟࡢ ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࡞࠸ࡋࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ʄ↓ᩱ࡛࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢯ࣮ࢫࡢࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣಶேࡢࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢆࡗ࡚ከᵝ࡞ ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆศᯒࡋࠊᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♧၀ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᙳ㡪 ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ ʄᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ㈨ᩱࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿᙳ㡪 ྍ⬟ᛶࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࢆᛕ㢌⨨ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠ࡢᩍᖌࡀ≉ᐃࡢ ᤵᴗ㸦」ᩘࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࡼ࠸㸧࡛⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࢆྵࡴ᪉ ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆࠊ᳨⣴࢚ࣥࢪࣥࢆࡗ࡚᥈ࡋࠊࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆ࠸ࡃࡽࡣᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀᚲ 110 せᛂࡌ࡚ຠᯝⓗ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࢆ㡰࡙ࡅࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᇶ‽ࢆ㡰࡙ࡅࡢ㝿࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࡢ⏝㛵 ࡍࡿᑓ㛛ᐙࡼࡗ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶ‽ࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢᇶ‽ࠊࡑࢀࡽᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ ᇶ‽ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢぢゎࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽ᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᇶ‽࠶࡞ࡓࡣ ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋࡓ᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾ ࡅࡿ༠ാࡸ㆟ㄽࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡞ࡿࠊព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᮦࡣ࠶ࡿ࡛ ࡋࡻ࠺㸽࠺ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᮦࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࡣࠊᏊ ࡶᩍᖌࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸᪉ἲ࡛ሗࢆࡸࡾࡾࡋࠊᤵᴗෆᐜࢆኚࡉࡏࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ▱㆑ࢆࡾ ࡔࡍࡇࢆࡢࡼ࠺ྍ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢤ࣮࣒ 21 ࠕࣆ࣮ࢫ࣓࣮࣮࢝㸦Peacemaker㸧ࠖࠊࠕࣇ࣮ࢻࣇ࢛࣮ࢫ㸦Food Force㸧ࠖࡸࠕࢫ࣮ࢲ࣭ࣥ ࢲࣝࣇ࣮ࣝᕞࡣṚࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Darfur is Dying㸧ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ↓ᩱ࡛㐟ࡿே㐨⩏ⓗ ࡞࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢤ࣮࣒ࡣࠊࢢ ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆ㐀ⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࡇᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡽᏛࡿᡂ ᯝࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࠾࠸࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㝈ᐃⓗࡋࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊ ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᩍᖌࡣࡑࡢࡢබඹࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿሙᡤࡸᶵᮦࢆ᥈ࡍࡁ࡛ࡍࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢࢡࢭࢫࡀ㐣ᗘไ㝈ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡣ CD ࡸ DVD ࡛ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆධᡭࡍࡿࡼ࠺ດࡵࡿࠊ ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࠶ࡽࡌࡵࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྠࡌ㊃᪨ࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ດຊ ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡇྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄゝㄒࡸᩘᏛࠊᆅ⌮ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᐃࡢᩍ⛉࣭⛉┠࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ꮚࢤ࣮࣒ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠸ࠊ≉ᐃࡢᏛ⩦㡯࠾࠸࡚㸯ࡘ࡞࠸ࡋ㸰ࡘࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢤ࣮ ࣒ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࠊᏛ⩦㡯ࢆグ㘓ࡍࡿࡢࡢࡼ࠺ࢤ࣮࣒ࡀᙺ❧ࡘࡢࡘ࠸࡚ ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ʄ㣚㣹ࠊᑐ❧ᖹࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ Ꮫࡪࡇࡢ୍㒊ศࡋ࡚ࡢ㟁Ꮚࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ⏝ࢆᐃࡋࡓᣦᑟࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿 ᤵᴗࢆࡸࡗ࡚ࡳ࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡽࡁୖࡗࡓၥࡸࠊࢤ࣮࣒ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ྲྀ ࡾ⤌ࡴࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡘ࠸࡚ὀពࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᛂࡘ࠸ ࡚▷࠸࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱ㸦Open educational resources; OERs㸧 ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡣࠊᏛ⩦ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㐨ල࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡣࠊయ ࡢᏛ⩦ィ⏬ࠊࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࠊ༢ඖࡢᩍᮦࠊᩍ⛉᭩ࠊࣅࢹ࢜ᩍᮦࠊࢸࢫࢺࠊࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࠊࡑ ࡢࡢ᪉ྥᩍᮦࡶࡋࡃࡣ᪉ྥ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᩍᮦࡸᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࢜ࣉ ࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡣ▱㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵᙺ❧ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢺᵝᘧࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡾࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࣛࢭࣥࢫ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊㄡ࡛ࡶ⏝࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ ྜࡗࡓ࠸᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࢝ࢫࢱ࣐ࢬࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡸࠊࣇ ࢩࣜࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࠊᣦᑟᩍဨࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ❧ሙྜࢃࡏࡓ࠸᪉ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡇྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆⓎぢࡋࡲࡋ www.darfurisdying.com ࠊwww.food-force.com(ࢥࢼ࣑ࡀ 2011 ᖺࡽ Facebook ୖࡢ ࣉࣜࡋ࡚ⱥㄒ∧᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࠊwww.peacemakergame.com 111 21 ࡻ࠺ ʄ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡢࡓࡵࡢせ௳࣭ᇶ‽ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ʄ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡀࡢࡼ࠺సࡽࢀࠊ⏝ࡉࢀࠊ㓄ᕸࡉࢀࠊ≉ᐃࡢᏛ⩦⎔ቃࢽ࣮ ࢬ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ʄ࠼ࡤࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࡀ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡋ࡚ไసࡉࢀࠊⴭసᶒἲࢆ ྵࡴ࣮࢜ࣉࣥ࡞ᩍ⫱㈨ᩱࡢせ௳㐺ྜࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࡀᚲせ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ ࡢࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ ᅗ᭩㤋࡛ࡢㄪᰝࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀ័ࢀぶࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ㟁Ꮚࢤ࣮࣒࠾࠸࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿከᵝ࡞ᢏ⾡ࢆ ⌮ゎࡋࠊศᯒࡋࠊᢈホࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ㟁Ꮚࢤ࣮࣒ࠊᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞౯್ไ㝈ࢆᣢࡘఏ ⤫ⓗ࡛ᩥⓗ࡞≉ᐃࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࢆᑐẚࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࡸᅗ⾲ࢆࡗ࡚ ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢⓎぢࡋࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ࠾࠸࡚⡆༢࡞᪉ྥࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹࡸࠊ㟁Ꮚࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᣦᑟάືィ⏬ࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㈶ྰࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ࠾ࡅࡿࢹࢪࢱࣝࢤ࣮࣒ࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࡣⅬࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣㄢ㢟࡞Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋ ࡻ ࠺ ࠋ ࡼ ࡾ ヲ ⣽ ࡞ ࡇ ࢆ ▱ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡣ ࠊ http://ames.eun.org/2009/09/teachers_handbook_on_how_to_us.html ࡢ ➨ 㸱 ❶ ࡀ ཧ ⪃ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ௨ୗࡢ㈨ᩱࡣࢇࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊධ㛛ⓗ࡞ෆᐜ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣྛ ⮬ࡢᆅᇦࡢᩥ⬦ྜࡗࡓ㈨ᩱ࡛ࠊ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢࢆ᥈ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄYouth Protection Toolkit www.yprt.eu ʄLenhart, A. 2009. It’s Personal: Similarities and Differences in Online Social Network Use between Teens and Adults. Teens, Social Networking, Generations presentation at the International Communications Association Annual Meeting. (May 2009). www.pewInt ernet.org/Present at ions/2009/19-Similarit ies-and-Dif f erences-in-Online-Social-Network-Use.aspx ʄMadden, M. 2009. Eating, Thinking and Staying Active with New Media. Health, Education, Teens, Families, Web 2.0 presentation at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (June 2009). www.pewInternet.org/Presentations/2009/15--Eating-Thinking-and-Staying-Active-wi th-New-Media.aspx 112 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸵: ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢᶵᣮᡓ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ሗ♫ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᖺ௦ᒙࡢᕷẸࡗ࡚ྍḞ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࣥࢱ ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡣ⏕άࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඃࢀࡓᶵࢆ࡚ࡢ⏝⪅ᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࠊᐇ♫࠾ࡼࡧ⤒῭ᡂ㛗࠾࠸࡚ࡶ๓ྥࡁ࡞ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᡭ㍍࡞ࢹࢪࢱ ࣝሗࡢ᱁⣡ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⨨ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓࢡࢭࢫࡢࡋࡸࡍࡉక࠸ࠊ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ሗ ㈨※ࡀࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡼࡗ࡚㣕㌍ⓗቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡣࠊࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥࡢ࠸᪉ヲࡋ࠸ࡇࡀከࡃࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ౽ࢆாཷࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⬤ᙅ࡛ࡶ࠶ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࣜࢫࢡ⬣ጾࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿⓎᒎࡣࡘࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢜ࣇࣛ ࣥࡢୡ⏺᪤Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢ୪⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᮍᡂᖺ⪅ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡿࡇࡣࠊၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡢᡭຓࡅ࡞ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏ ࢇࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᑐ⟇ྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ᙺ❧ࡘࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊಖㆤᡓ␎㠃ⓗ౫Ꮡࡍࡿ ࡇࡣࠊⱝ࠸ேࡓࡕࡀ㈐௵ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ࠺ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ᭷ຠ࡛ࡣ࠶ ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡀᏳࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ࠺ᡭຓࡅࢆࡍࡿࡢ᭱ࡶⰋ࠸᪉ἲࡣࠊ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢡࡢᅇ㑊᪉ἲࡸ⟶⌮᪉ἲࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ࠼ࠊᩍ⫱ࢆࡍࡿ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡃ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶ᭷┈࡛ᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿᙺࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 㸯 ௬ୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿⱝ⪅ࡓࡕ 㸰 ㄢ㢟༴㝤 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 㸸௬ୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿⱝ⪅ࡓࡕ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ௬ୡ⏺ Ꮚࡶⱝ⪅ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝࢜ࣥࣛࣥ⩦័ Ꮚࡶࡢᶒ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿༠ᐃࡑࡢࡢᡭẁ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ⱝ⪅ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㛵ᚰࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࠋ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ୍⯡᮲௳ࠊ⾜ືつ⠊ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮つ๎ࡘ࠸ ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ⱝ⪅ࡀ㈐௵ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ࠺ᡭຓࡅࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡸᇶᮏⓗࢶ࣮ࣝ ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᶵࠊၥ㢟࠾ࡼࡧࣜࢫࢡࡢ㛵ಀⱝ⪅Ẽ࡙ ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࡇࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ࡣࠊ┦స⏝ࡸ⏝⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸦ᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢࣉࣜࢣ࣮ 113 ࢩࣙࣥ࡞㸧ࢆᐜ᫆ࡍࡿࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺᶵ⬟ࡢ㏿グゝㄒ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺཬࡧࡑࡢᣑᙇⓗ≉ᚩ㛵ࡍࡿⴭసᶒࣇ࣮ࣜࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࡸ ♫࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡞ࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ࠶ࡿሗ※ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 㛵ࡍࡿ▷࠸ࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ‽ഛ ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ௬ୡ⏺ࡢ㘽࡞ࡿせ⣲ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅከࡃࡶࡾࡇࡴࡁ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㘽࡞ࡿせ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࢆィ⏬ࡋࡲࡍࠋ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚▷࠸ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡼ࠺ྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉఏ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ᩍᖌ SNS ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡑࡋ࡚㸭ࡲࡓࡣ࢙࢘ࣈࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆ⪺ࡁࠊࡶ ࡋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ㢖ᗘ࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣇ ࣥࢆࡋࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࢆ‽ഛࡋࠊࡢேࡓࡕࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࢆㄪࠊ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸦࠼ࡤࠊ࢘࢟ࢹ㸧ࡽࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢࢵ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢻࡸࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࢆࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢳࣕࢵࢺ࣮࣒ࣝࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢ༠ാసᴗࠊࣈࣟ ࢢࡸࢶࢵࢱ࣮ཧຍࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᩍᖌࡧࡅ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋάືᚋࡢཷㅮ⪅ࡢ㆟ ㄽ࡛ࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࡢᩍ⫱ⓗⅬ㈐௵࠶ࡿά⏝ࠊࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࣜࢫࢡ↔Ⅼࢆྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ ࡀษ࡛ࡍࠋ࢙࢘ࣈࢆά⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢಶேⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࢆ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵ࡚㆟ㄽ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿཷㅮ⪅ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࡶࡋࡃࡣᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇㠃ࡢሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࠊ࢘࢟ࡢά⏝ࢆィ⏬ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ༑ศ࡞◊ಟࡢࡓࡵࡣ༑ศ࡞㛫ࢆࡇࡢస ᴗ㸦 Ꮫᮇࡢㅮ⩦ᮇ㛫㸧ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍဨཷㅮ⪅ࡣࠊ࢘࢟ ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࠊ㐺ษࡉ࠾ࡼࡧཧຍ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᇶ‽ࢆタࡅࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ཷㅮ⪅࡛ᑠࡉ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡘ ࠸࡚ⱝ⪅ྥࡅ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡞άືࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 5 ࡘࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋࠊ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⪅࡛ 1㹼5 ẁ㝵࡛ࡇࢀࡽࡢάືࡢ㔜せᛶࢆ᱁ࡅࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡢࡼ࠺⮬ศࡓࡕࡀࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆࡘࡃࡗࡓࡢࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡀୗࡋࡓỴᐃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡋࡓࡢࡣఱࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㆟ㄽ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀษ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩘ್ࡀධᡭྍ⬟࡞ࡽࠊᩍဨ◊ಟࡢᩍဨࡣᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺά⏝㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㝿ࡢ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦ࡇࡢࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ๓‽ഛࡋࠊᐇ㝿ࡢሗ※ ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ㸧ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࡢ⤫ィࡽศࡿࡇࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣡ ࣮ࢡ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡋࠊ㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᛮ࠸ࡀࡅ࡞࠸Ⓨぢࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢᆅᇦࡸᅜ≉᭷࡞ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࡞ࡐ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤫ィࡢḞዴࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࡞ ࢆ࡞ࡍࡁࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⱝ⪅ࡀᩍ⫱ୖࡢ┠ⓗࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆぢ࡚ࠊᅜࡢᨻࣉࣟࢭࢫཧຍࡋࠊ␗࡞ࡿ ᩥࢆࡶࡘேࡓࡕ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠺ࡅ࠶࠸ࠊࡼࡾከࡃࢆᏛࡪࡓࡵࠊࡢ⛬ᗘ࢙࢘ࣈ ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ࢙࢘ࣈά⏝ࡢೃࡀ ࡳࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋⱝ⪅ࡀ๓ྥࡁ࢙࢘ࣈࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡋ࡚ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ ࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢά⏝ࢆᤵᴗྲྀࡾධࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᩍ࠼ࡿ⛉┠㛵㐃ࡋࡓ▷࠸ࣞࢵ ࢫࣥࢆ⏝ពࡍࡿࡼ࠺ཷㅮ⪅㸦ᑠ㞟ᅋಶู㸧㢗ࢇ࡛ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᤵᴗ࡛ࡣᩍᖌ ࡀࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᤵᴗ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡢࡼ࠺ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶేࡏ࡚ᐇドࡉࢀࡿ ࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋ ␗࡞ࡿࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୍⯡᮲௳ࠊ⾜ືつ⠊࠾ࡼࡧࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ ࡢつ๎ࡘ࠸࡚ཷㅮ⪅㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋḟࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡼࡿࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ 114 ࢵࢺࡢ࠸᪉↔Ⅼࢆྜࢃࡏ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⾜Ⅽつ⠊ࡢぢᮏࢆࡘࡃࡿࡼ࠺ཷㅮ⪅ࢆዡບࡋࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢ⾜Ⅽࡸࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉά ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿཷㅮ⪅ࡣࠊ㸴ᡯࡽ 17 ᡯࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ࠸᪉ࢆㄪᰝ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡛ࡣࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝⠊ᅖᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀఱ ࡢࡓࡵࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆಖㆤ⪅ࡢ⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡸࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࠸࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡣ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵၥ㢟ࢆᏊࡶࡓࡕࡸಖㆤ⪅ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝࠊඣ❺ࡢᶒ㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙ࠊࡲࡓࡣࠊሗࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࠊᮍᡂᖺ⪅ࡢಖ ㆤࠊ࠾ࡼࡧぶࠊᨻᗓࠊᕷẸ♫ࡢᙺࡢᶒ࡞ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ⏝ࡸⱝ⪅ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡍࡿἲᚊᩥ᭩ࡢ᮲㡯ࢆࡃࡲ࡞ࡃ㆟ㄽࡍࡿィ⏬ ࢆ❧࡚࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ಶู㆟ㄽࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ 㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿᶒࡣࠊ ᮍᡂᖺ⪅ࡢಖㆤ⾪✺ࡋࡲࡍࠋ୧᪉ࡢᶒࡣᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ሗࡢṇ ᙜ࡞ࢡࢭࢫࡣᮍᡂᖺ⪅ࡢಖㆤࡢࡓࡵ≛≅ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ≛≅ࡉࢀ ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ≛≅ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᑡዪࡸᑡ ᖺࡣࠊሗࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࠾ࡼࡧICTࡢᖹ➼࡞ࢡࢭࢫࢆࡶࡘࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡸሗࡢࢡࢭࢫᮍᡂᖺ ⪅ࡢಖㆤࡣࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ⮬⏤ᶒࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᮍᡂᖺ⪅ࢆ ಖㆤࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▷࠸リࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᩍᖌ㢗ࢇ࡛ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸௬ୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࣜࢫࢡ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡢㄢ㢟ࣜࢫࢡࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࢚ࣥࣃ࣮࣓࣡ࣥࢺࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ㈐௵࠶ࡿ⏝ ࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ⏝ࡢㄢ㢟࣭ࣜࢫࢡ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࡀࡇ࡛᭱ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿࣜࢫࢺ ࢵࣉࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ᪂ࡓ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥక࠺₯ᅾⓗࣜࢫࢡ⬣ጾࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇࠋ ⏝⪅ࡢ⾜Ⅽ≛≅⪅ࡶࡋࡃࡣຍᐖ⪅࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ┦౫Ꮡࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࠋ ᩍᖌࡀࡼࡾ㈐௵ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࡢ▱㆑ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࠋ 115 ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࣭࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㛵㐃ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࣜࢫࢡ ࠕⱝ⪅ಖㆤࡢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࢸ࣮ࣈ࣭ࣝࢶ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢵࢺ-Stiftung Digitale Chancen2009ࠖ ࡽᨵ ᨵ స ᮍᡂ ᖺ⪅ 㐺ษ࡞ࢥ ࣥࢸࣥࢶ 㸸 ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡣ ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ⏝⪅㇏ᐩ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆ ᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡢேࡢ㛵ᚰࡣࠊ≉ ู࡞┈㞟ᅋྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸‶ࡓࡉࢀࡲ ࡍࠋࡣ࠸࠼ࠊᏊ ࡶࡸⱝ ⪅ࡀ࡚ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢡࢭࢫ࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡁ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡏࢇࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡢࢥࣥࢸ ࣥࢶࡀࡢᖺ㱋ᒙ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿៅ 㔜Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍⯡ⓗ ࡣἲゐࢀ࡞࠸ ෆᐜ࡛࠶ ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊⱝᖺᒙࡢ⏝⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ ᭷ᐖࡢᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊ≉ 㓄៖ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢲࣝࢺ ࣏ࣝࣀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᮍᡂᖺ⪅㐺ษ࡞ ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊఱẼ࡞ࡃ㟢ฟࡉࢀࡿࠊ ࡾࢃࡅᗂ࠸Ꮚ ࡶ༴ᐖ ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇ ࠋᮍᡂᖺ⪅㐺ษ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ┤㠃 ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣࠊᏊ ࡶࡓࡕ ࡀពᅗࡏࡎࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ ฟࡃࢃࡍሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᨾពࡑࢀ ࢆᤚࡋồࡵࡿࡁ ࠊᏊࡶ ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᖺ௦ᒙ㐺ษ ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࢥࣥ ࢸࣥࢶࡀ ၟᴗⓗ⌮⏤ࡢࡓࡵᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ⏝⪅⮬㌟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ๓⪅ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡣ㛢ࡌࡓ⏝⪅࣭ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡔࡅไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࡀࠊ⏝⪅ࡀࡘ ࡃࡾࡔࡍ 㐺ษ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊࢇࡢ ሙྜㄡ࡛ࡶ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ ≉ู࡞㓄៖ࡀᚲせ ࡞ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ᪥ከࡃࡢᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡣ࣐ࣝ ࢳ࣓ࢹࡢᶵ⬟ᛶࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿᦠ ᖏ㟁ヰ ⢭㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡀ ୍ேࡁࡾ࡛࠸ࡓࡾࠊࡑࡤᡭᘬࡁࢆࡋ࡚ ࡃࢀࡿேࡀ࠸࡞ ࠸ࡁࠊ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀᮍᡂᖺ⪅㐺ษ࡞ࢥ ࣥࢸࣥࢶࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ ⪃࠼ࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣔࣂࣝ ᶵჾࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣ⏕άࡢ ≧ἣ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥࣥ ࢸࣥࢶࢆసࡾฟࡍ ࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚⏝⪅ࡀࡾฟࡍࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ୍ᅉࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㐪ἲ ࢥࣥࢸࣥ ࢶ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕࠊே✀ᕪูඣ❺ ࣏ࣝࣀ㸧 㸸 ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࢇࡢᅜ࡛⚗Ṇࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㐪ἲࡉࢀࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥ ࢶࡢ✀㢮ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣᅜෆἲ౫Ꮡࡋ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ ࡶࢃ ࡽࡎࠊ㐪ἲࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣධᡭྍ⬟࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡣࠊពᅗࡍࡿࡋ࡞࠸ ࢃࡽࡎࢡ ࢭࢫࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ㐪ἲࢥ ࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ₯ᅾⓗ࡞≛≅⪅࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿᏊ ࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡶὀពࢆྥࡅ ࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊඣ❺ᚅࡢ┿ࡸࣅࢹ࢜ࢆࡽࢀࡓࡾࠊⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ ᳨ド㊊ 㸸 ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛⏝ྍ⬟ ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓฟࡀ☜ㄆࡉ ࢀࡿࢃࡅ ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆ ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊⱝ⪅ࡣᢈุⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ ࡢㄞࡳゎࡁࢆᏛࡧ ࠊ⾲㠃ⓗ ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ࡚㢠㠃㏻ࡾ ཷࡅྲྀࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛ ࡍࠋ⏝⪅ࡼࡗ ࡚ࡽࢀ ࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ⎔ቃࡢ≉ᚩࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࠊṇ☜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ㒊ศ ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾⱝ ࠸ᖺ㱋ᒙࡢ⏝⪅ࡣࠊ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥㄞࡴ ࡶࡢࡣఱ࡛ࡶ༢⣧ ಙࡌ࡚ ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡢ༴㝤ᛶࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ༴㝤ࡢ↽ື 㸸 ࢙࢘ࣈୖࡣ⏝⪅ࢆ่⃭ࡋ࡚⏝ ⪅⮬㌟༴ᐖࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ㄏᑟࡍࡿࢧࢺࡀከᩘ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ⮬ẅࠊᣄ㣗ࡲࡓࡣ࢝ࣝࢺ᐀ὴࢆዡບࡍࡿ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ㸧ࠋ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ⏝⪅⮬㌟ 㛵ࡍࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆⓎಙࡍࡿྍ⬟ ᛶࡀቑ࠼ࡿక࠸ࠊ༴㝤࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀ ฟ࡚ࡃࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀ ቑ࠼࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡾࢃࡅᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡣࠊࡑ ࠺ࡋࡓ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛ࡢᣦ♧ᚑ࠺ࡇ ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿࣜࢫࢡ ࢆࠊ⌧ᐇ ⓗุ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ேᶒࡢᐖ㸭 ྡᲠᦆ 㸸 ࢙࢘ࣈࡢ༏ྡ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ㞟 ᅋࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡶࡋࡃࡣಶேᑐࡍࡿࣉࣟ ࣃ࢞ࣥࢲ ࡀᐜ᫆ᗈࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᑐᛂ⪅ࡶࡋࡃࡣ≛≅⪅ ┤᥋ྥࡁྜ࠺ᚲせ ࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ 116 ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⾜ືࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡶࡌ┤㠃ࡋ࡞࠸ࠊேࡣ࢜ࣥࣛ ࡛ࣥ␗࡞ࡿ⾜ືࢆ ࡿࡶࡢ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊேᶒ ᐖࡢࣜࢫࢡྡᲠᦆࡢ≛≅⪅࡞ࡿࡇ ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ୰ࡼ ࡾࡣ࢜ࣥ ࣛࣥࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ ࡍࠋ୰യⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊㄗゎࢆᣍࡃ ⣮ࡽࢃࡋ࠸ሗ ᙳ㡪ࢆཷ ࡅࡸࡍ࠸Ꮚࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡣ᭷ᐖ࡛ࡍࠋ Ꮚ ࡶࡢ 㐺ษ࡞ᗈ࿌࣐࣮ ࢣࢸࣥ ࢢ㸸 㐺ษ࡞ᗈ࿌ࡣࠊ⨾ᐜᩚᙧࡢࡼ࠺Ꮚࡶࡣ㐺ษ ࡞〇ရ࠾ࡼࡧ㸭ࡲࡓࡣࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᗈ࿌ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡸࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᗈ࿌᭚ࡉࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋ ಶேሗ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊྡ๓ࠊᖺ㱋ࡲ ࡓࡣᛶู㸧ࢆ₃ࡽࡍ⏝⪅ࡀከࡅࢀࡤከ ࠸ࠊᗈ࿌ࢆཷ ࡅྲྀࡾࠊ ᐆࡃࡌཧຍࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀࡓࡾ ࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏊࡶࡢ ከࡃࡣࠊ࢙࢘ࣈୖ ࡢ᭩ࡁ㎸ ࡳࡢ✵ḍ⮬ศࡢྡ๓ࢆࢱࣉࡍࡿ ࢇ࡞⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿẼ࡙࡞࠸ࡇࡀ ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡁࢃࡵ ࡚༴㝤࡞ ≧ែ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ ⪅ࡢ㛫࡛㧗࠸ᬑཬ⋡ࢆࡇࡿᦠᖏ㟁ヰ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᗈ࿌ࡢὶᕸᑐ ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞᪉␎ࡶὀពࢆྥࡅࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ 㸸 ࢙࢘ࣈୖ࠸ࡗࡓࢇⓎಙࡉࢀࡿࠊ ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࡍࡄୡ⏺୰ᗈࡲࡾࠊ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶ ࢙࢘ࣈୖᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⏝⪅ࠊࡾࢃࡅᏊࡶࡸⱝ ⪅ࡣࠊᚋ࡞ࡗ࡚ බㄡࡶ ࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞≧ែࡣࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ ᛮࢃࢀࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺࡸ⏬ീࢆⓎಙࡍࡿࡇ ࡢ▷ᮇⓗ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ ⤖ᯝẼ ࡙࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࢧ࣮ࣂ ࣮ࡸࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ୖ᱁⣡ࡉࢀࡓࢹ ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ⪅ࡼ ࡗ࡚ᐜ᫆ ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋேࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕ ࡢಶேࢹ࣮ࢱࡀࡉಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ ࠸ࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࢺࢆ࠺ࡁࠊ⮬ศ㐩ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࢆ ༑ศ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ㔜せ ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⴭసᶒᐖ㸸 ⴭసᶒᐖࡣࠊᴫࡋ࡚⏝⪅⮬㌟ࡢ⾜Ⅽ㛵ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ࡛ࡍࠋⴭసᶒࡀᨾពࠊࡲࡓࡣ അ↛ᐖࡉࢀࡓ࠺ࡣ㛵ಀࡀ࡞ ࡃࠊⴭసᶒࡢᐖࡣᡤ᭷⪅ࡼࡿブḭ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ㐪⪅ ࡋ࡚⨩ ࡏࡽࢀࡿࣜࢫࢡࢆ⫼㈇࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࢜ࣥࣛࣥୖࡢ᥋ゐ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡ ࠕⱝ⪅ಖㆤࡢࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࢸ࣮ࣈ࣭ࣝࢶ࣮ࣝ࢟ࢵࢺ-Stiftung Digitale Chancen2009ࠖ ࡽᨵ ᨵ స ᭷ᐖ࡞ࢻࣂ ࢫ㸸 ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࠊࣈࣟࢢ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡼࡿࢥࣥࢱࢡࢺࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㡿 ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ⏝⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ሗࡸࢻࣂ ࢫࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊ౽ᛶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ㐺 ษࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࢀ௨ୖ᭷ᐖ࡞ࢻࣂࢨ ࣮ࡢ᥋ゐࢆᐜ᫆ ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ♫ⓗ࡞ඹྠయࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡸࡑࡢ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊࡾ ࢃࡅᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅ࡀ᭷ᐖ࡞ࢻࣂࢫࢆཷࡅࡿࣜࢫࢡࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋ㸸 ၟᴗⓗࡶࡋࡃࡣࡑࡢࡢブḭࢆ≢ࡋࠊ ࡑࡇࡽ┈ࢆᚓࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊேࡢ㟁Ꮚࢹ ࣥࢸࢸ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ⏝⪅ྡࣃ ࢫ࣮࣡ࢻ㸧ࢆᡭධࢀࠊ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣ ࠕ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋࠖ ࡤࢀࡲ ࡍࠋໃࡢேࡓࡕࡀ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࠊ ࡾࢃࡅಶேⓗ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢక ࠸ࠊ࢝ ࢘ࣥࢺࡢᩘࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋࠖࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㔠㖹 ✼┐㸭ࣇ ࢵࢩࣥࢢブḭ㸸 ࣇࢵࢩࣥࢢブḭࡣࠊேࡢ㖟⾜ཱྀᗙࢆࡦࡗࡁᅇࡍពᅗࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊ 㖟⾜ࡢ᫂⣽ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ≉ᐃࡢಶே㆑ู␒ྕ㸦ᬯド␒ྕ㸧ྲྀᘬㄆド␒ྕ㸦TANs㸧ࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋⱝᖺᒙࡣࠊഇ≀ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈ ࢧࢺࢆࡑ࠺ࡣㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከࡃ ࠊ⮬ศࡢ㖟⾜ཱྀᗙ ࡢሗࢆ 117 ₃ࡽࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛ࡍࠋ ၟᴗ ブḭ㸸 ࡾᡭࡀၟရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆࡿࡩࡾࢆࡍࡿࡁࠊࡍ࡞ ࢃࡕᨭᡶ࠸ᚋ⣙᮰ࡋࡓࡶࡢ ࡣ␗ ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ㏦ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࡣࡃᒆࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡁࠊၟᴗブḭࡀ࠾ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋࠖ ࡸࣇࢵࢩࣥࢢブḭࡽ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋၟᴗブḭࡢࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ Ⓨ⏕※ࡣࠊከࡃࡢ ሙྜ㈙࠸ ᡭࡀពᅗࡋ࡞࠸ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢỌஂⓗ ㉎ධࡀ⩏ົࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙜ ࡘබᖹ࡞౯᱁ ࡼࡿࢹ ࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ╔ಙ㡢 㸧ࡢ㈍ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋከᩘࡢࢣ࣮ ࢫ࡛ࠊ⏝⪅㸦≉ ⱝ⪅ Ꮚࡶ㸧ࡣࠊ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥỴ῭ࡉࢀࡓࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዎ⣙⤖ᯝࡣẼ࡙࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢢࣝ ࣮࣑ࣥࢢ㸦ᑠඣឡ⪅㸧㸸 ࢢ࣮࣑ࣝࣥࢢࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢࢲࣝࢺ࣭ࢹࣥࢸࢸ㸦ᛶⒷ㸧ࢆ㞃ࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽࠊᏊࡶࡸⱝ⪅᥋ゐࡍࡿᡭẁ ࡋ࡚ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ࠺ᑠඣឡ⪅ࡢ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᑠඣឡ ⪅ࡣࠊᏊ ࡶࡓࡕࡢࡸぶᐦࡉࡢ࠶ࡇࡀ ࢀࢆ㏫ᡭྲྀࡿࡇࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤ࡛ࡍࠋಶ ேⓗ᥋ゐࡸὶࡢ ࡓࡵࡢࣉ ࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ 㡿ᇦࡀࠊࢢ࣮࣑ࣝࣥࢢ ᨷᧁࡢᇶ┙࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㸦 ⪅᥋ゐࡋࠊࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ ຍ⨨ ࡋ࡚㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡇࡢࡇࢁࢆ ᙉࡃᚰࡵࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋᏊࡶࡓࡕ ࡀᦠᖏ㟁ヰࢆ⚾⏕ άࡢ≉ู ࡞ᒃሙᡤࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊ୍ே࡛ᦠᖏ 㟁ヰࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡀከ࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ ≉㓄៖ࡉࢀࡿ ࡁ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᦠᖏ㏻ಙᢏ⾡ࡸࢯ࣮ࢩࣕ ࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀᗈࡀࡿࡘࢀ࡚ࠊᏊ ࡶࡀࢢ࣮࣑ࣝࣥࢢ ᨷᧁࡢ≛ ≅࡞ࡾࠊ༴㝤࡞ᣍᚅᛂࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠸࠺ࣜࢫࢡࡣࡣࡿᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠸ࡌ ࡵ㸸 ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㢮ᆺࡢ࠸ࡌࡵࡣࠊᖖ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⏕άࡢ୍㒊 ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ࠾࠸ ࠸ࡌ ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡼࡗ ࡚౪⤥ࡉࢀࡿ༏ྡࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡼ ࡗ࡚ᐜ᫆࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇ ࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡾࢃࡅᏊࡶࡸⱝ ⪅ࡣࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ≛≅⪅ࡶ࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓຍ ᐖ⪅ࡶ࡞ࡿ༴㝤 ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࡣேࡢ⾜ Ⅽࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ேࡢྡ ࢆᦆ࡞࠺⏬ീ㢮ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆⓎಙ ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ୍㒊ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇ ࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧㇟ ࡣࠊ࢜ࣥ ࡛ࣛࣥࡢ㐃⤡ࡢࡾ᪉㛵ಀࡋ࡚ ࡃࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ๓㏙ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ከᶵ⬟ᆺᦠᖏ㟁ヰ ࡛ࡣࠊ࠸ ࡌࡵࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓ⏬ീࡀࡽࢀࠊࡉ ࡽࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⏬ീࢆࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ ࢵࣉ࣮ࣟࢻࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲ ࡓࡣ࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࣥࢢ㸦MMS㸧ࢆࡋ࡚ࡢேࡓࡕ⏬ീࢆ㏦ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢃࢀࡿ ࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋከࡃࡢᏊࡶࡸ ⱝ⪅ࡣࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝ࢝ࣛࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ࠸ࡓᦠ ᖏ㟁ヰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࠸ࡌࡵࡣࡼࡾᐜ᫆ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ಶேሗࡢᭀ 㟢㸸 ♫ⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⮬ศࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࢆ㛤タࡍࡿ ࡁࠊ⏝⪅ࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸྥࡅಶ ேሗࢆ㛤♧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࢳ ࣕࢵࢺ࣮࣒ࣝࡸࣇ ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ ࡛ࡣࠊఫᡤࡲࡓࡣ㟁ヰ␒ྕ࡞ࠊ ேࡢಶேࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ₃ࡽࡍ⏝⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ≉ ⱝᖺᒙ ࡣ⮬ศࡢಶேࢹ࣮ࢱࢆබࡍࡿࡇ ࡢ㔜ࡉࢆணぢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࢳࣕࢵࢺ࣮࣒ࣝࡀ ⚾ⓗ࡞㡿 ᇦ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊබⓗ࡞㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇẼ࡙࡞࠸ⱝ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣉࣟࣇࣜ ࣥࢢ㸸 ಶேࡀ␗࡞ࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒࡛Ⓨ⾜࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࡀ㣕㌍ⓗቑຍ ࡋࡓࡇక࠸ࠊ୍ࡘࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓಶேࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ ࠊࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ ࢱࡢࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ⤫ྜࡉࢀ ࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࡣࡇูࡢሙᡤ㸦࠼ࡤࠊ ᢞ⚊ࡸឿၿ࡞ࢆ ┠ⓗࡋ ࡓࢡࢪ࡞㸧Ώࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚ࠊ₯ᅾⓗᮃࡲ࡞࠸ࢥࣥ ࢸࣥࢶࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊᗈ࿌ࢆࠊಶே ┤᥋ᐄ࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࡀ సᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍ ࠋಶேࢹ ࣮ࢱࢆබ⾲♧ࡍࡿࡁࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ ࢺࡽࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࡢసᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡼࡾ ༴㝤࡞㐠⏝ࡣࠊ⏝⪅ࡢࣉࣟࣇ ࣮ࣝ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࠊ⏝⪅⮬㌟ࡢ㒊ศⓗࣉࣟ ࣇ࣮ࣝ㸧ࡀ࢙࢘ ࣈࢧࢺ ࡢᚋࢁ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫྲྀࡾ㎸ ࡲࢀࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࣉࣟࣂ ࢲ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚➨ ୕⪅ ࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 118 ᭷ᐖ࡞࣭࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀఱࢆពࡍࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋᅜ㝿 ேᶒἲࡣࠊ≉ゝㄽࡢ⮬⏤ࡀࡢேᶒ⾪✺ࡍࡿࡁࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ከࡃࡢチᐜ⠊ᅖ ࡢไ㝈ࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋไ㝈ࡀㄢࡉࢀࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࡣࠊᭀຊࡲࡓࡣே✀ⓗ ᝏࠊᏊࡶࡢᛶ⏬ീ࠾ࡼࡧྡᲠᦆࡀྵࡲࢀࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛ࠊไ㝈᮲ 㡯ࡣἲᘐࡼࡗ࡚ࡁࡵ⣽ࡃグ㍕ࡉࢀࠊ┘╩ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿᅜ㝿ἲ࡛᫂ᩥࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ y ᩍᖌࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ⮬㌟ࡸேࡀୖグ࡛ᴫほࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ1 ࡘ࡛ࡶయ㦂ࡋࡓࡇࡀ ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒㦂࡛ࡶඹ᭷ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺ၥ㢟ᑐฎࡋࡓࡢ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞⤖ᯝࡣ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍカࢆᏛࢇࡔ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࡞ࡾࡍࡲࡋࠖࠊ㔠㖹ࡢ✼┐㸭ࣇࢵࢩࣥࢢブḭࠊேᶒᐖࠊྡᲠᦆࠊࡲࡓ ࡣࡑࡢࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢ⏝࡞ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡲࡓ ࡣᩍᖌ⏝࣓ࢹሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㍕ࡏࡓ᪉ἲࢆ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᩍᖌࡣࠊሗࡢṇ࡞࢜ࣥࣛࣥせồࠊブḭⓗ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠊ࠾ࡼࡧேᶒᐖࡢࢥࣥ ࢸࣥࢶࢆㄆᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྲྀࡿࡁᡭ㡰ὀពࡍࡁⓗ☜࡞≉ᚩࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࠊࣜࢫࢺ ࢵࣉࡋࡲࡍࠋ㟁Ꮚࣂࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡸ㟁Ꮚၟྲྀᘬࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᜠᜨࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢάືࢃࢀࡿ㈨ᩱࡣᐇ⏝ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾᐇࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡁ࡛ ࡍࠋᩍᖌࡣୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡍ࡚ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢάືࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ධᡭྍ⬟࡛㇏ᐩ࡞་Ꮫ㸦ࡲࡓࡣࠊࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ㸧ሗࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ ᳨⣴ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ་Ꮫ⣔࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡣࠊఱᗣୖၥ㢟ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿᡭຓࡅ ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࢙࢘ࣈࡽࡢຓゝᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢᗣ㛵ࡍࡿ⾜ືࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ ࡢࡣᏳ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ་Ꮫ⣔࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢಙ៰ᛶᶒጾࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࡞᪉ἲ ࢆࣜࢫࢺࢵࣉࡋࠊ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠶࡞ࡓࡀࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୍ဨ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ศࡢྡ๓ࢆ Google ᳨⣴ࡅ࡚ ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⮬ศ㛵ࡍࡿಶேሗࡀࡢࡃࡽ࠸බඹࡢሙ࡛ධᡭྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢯ ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡽ๐㝖ࡋࡓ⮬ศࡢಶேሗࢆࡲࡔぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋୖグࡢࣜࢫࢡࡢࢀࡀࠊࡇࢀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣇࢫࣈࢵࢡࡢᶒ㈐௵ࡢኌ᫂ 㸰᮲ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶሗࡢඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ ࠖ 22 㸦ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ࠸࡞ࡿࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡲࡓࡣࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࠶ࡿࢯ ࣇࢺ࢙࢘㸧ࡽᘬ⏝ྃࢆࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᑠࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡀ㑅ࢇࡔᘬ⏝ྃࡀ ㄡࡢࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ ࠺ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⏝⪅ࡣ࢜ࣥࣛࣥୖᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆࡢ ࡼ࠺ࢥࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣟࣝࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡸ࢙࢘ࣈୖᥖ㍕ࡉ ࢀࡓ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸦┿ࠊࣅࢹ࢜࡞㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࢀࡀⴭసᶒࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ศᯒࡋࠊ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᅜ㐃ඣ❺᠇❶( http://www unicef.org/crc/)ࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࡛ࡶ࠸ࡿᏊ ࡶࡓࡕࡢᣢࡘᇶᮏⓗேᶒࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡿᶒࠊ᭱㝈 ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿᶒࠊ᭷ᐖ࡞ᙳ㡪ࠊ⏝࠾ࡼࡧᦢྲྀࡽಖㆤࡉࢀࡿᶒࠊᐙ᪘ࡸᩥⓗࠊ♫ ⓗ⏕ά༑ศཧຍࡍࡿᶒ࡛ࡍࠋᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᖾ⚟ᐖࢆཬࡰࡍࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ ሗࡸ㢟ᮦࡽᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆಖㆤࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐺ษ࡞࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆせồࡍࡿ᮲㡯 22 http://www.facebook.com/terms.php 119 ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᅜ㝿㟁Ẽ㏻ಙ㐃ྜࡢࠗࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮࣭࢘࢜ࢵࢳ࣭࣏࣮ࣜࢺ 10࠘ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣉࣛࣂࢩ ࣮ࡸࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡢ㛵ᚰ┠ࢆྥࡅࡓ⾜ືࡣࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝୡ⏺࠾ࡼࡧࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࢺୖ࡛ࡢ⏕άࢆྥୖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱⣭ࡢඃඛᶒࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸦ITU 2009㸧ࠋᙉᅛ࡞ࢭ࢟ ࣗࣜࢸࡢḞዴࡣࠊᚲ↛ⓗ࣓ࢹࢆྵࢇࡔ㟁Ꮚࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ౫Ꮡࡍࡿࡍ ࡚ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧ୰㏵㐣⛬ࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆ㟢࿊ࡋࡲࡍ㸦ITU 2006㸧ࠋ⬤࠸㸦ࡲࡓࡣ ⏝ࢆ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸㸧ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡣࠊࢧࣂ࣮≢⨥ࡢⓎ⏕ࢆಁࡍࡇࡶ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ ࡢ⬣ጾࡀ㠀ᖖ῝้࡞ࡓࡵࠕᑐࢧࣂ࣮ࢸࣟᅜ㝿ከᅜ㛫ᥦᦠࠖ 㸦IMPACT㸧ࡀࢧࣂ ࣮ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆࡼࡾᏳࡋᅜ㝿༠ຊࢆ᥎㐍ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵタ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋITU ࡢົ ⥲㛗࡛࠶ࡿࢺ࣮ࣞ༤ኈ㸦Dr Hamadoun Touré㸧ࡣࠊࠕ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢᖹᏳࡀಖ ドࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡞ࡽࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࢡࢭࢫࡣᙺ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࠖ㏙ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࡽࠊᡃࠎࡣࢹࢪࢱࣝୡ⏺ࢆࠕ⏝⪅ࡀࠊࡼࡾᏳ࡞ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡢぢ㏉ࡾࠊ࠶ ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⮬ ⏤༏ྡࢆ ≛≅ࡋ࡞ ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ධཱྀࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ࠖ 㸦ITU News㸧ࡳ࡞ࡍࡁࡔࡅຍ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖࡢ⮬⏤ࢆ࠺ࡓ࠺άືᐙࡢከࡃࡀᨻᗓࡼࡿᖸ΅ࡸ⤫ไ ࡘ࠸࡚៧៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡣ㛤ࢀࡓබ┈ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡴࡋࢁ㛢 ࡌࡽࢀ⤫ไࡉࢀࡓࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡸᴗࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡍࡲࡍࡑࡢࡅ ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᠱᛕࡀቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᗓࡸࣅࢪࢿࢫࡗ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢭ ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡣᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊከࡃࡢᕷẸࡗ࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ y ࢺ࣮ࣞ༤ኈࡼࡿୖグࡢኌ᫂ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ௬ୡ⏺ ࢆࡼࡾᏳࡍࡿࡓࡵᨻᗓࡀᡭࢆᡴࡘᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐࡑ࠺⪃࠼ ࡲࡍࠊࡲࡓࡣ࡞ࡐࡑ࠺⪃࠼࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛≛≅ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇྠ ពࡋࡲࡍࠋゝእࡢពࡣఱࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢸࣞࣅࡸࣛࢪ࢜ࡢࡼ࠺ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ ࢺࢆつไࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣᮃࡲࡋࡃࡶ࡞࠸࠶࡞ࡓࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣ࡞ ࡐ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡀୡ⏺ࡢ୍ࣨᅜࡲࡓࡣᆅᇦࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀࡓ ࡋࡓࡽࠊఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣈࣟࢵ࢟ࣥࢢࠊࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࠊἲⓗつไ࡞ࡢࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࡋ ࡚ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㸦㸳㹼㸯㸮㸧ࢱࣉࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࡘ࠸᳨࡚⣴ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࢶ࣮ࣝࡢⅬḞⅬࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᬑẁࡼࡃ࠺ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࣭࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡶࡋࡃࡣࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢆ㑅ᢥ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡢタᐃࢆᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠕ⏝᮲௳࡛ࠖࡣࠊࠕࣉ ࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸࠖࡢ⏝ㄒࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࡢᏳ⨨ࡣࠊ ࡇࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ᥋ゐ㛵ࡍࡿࣜࢫࢡࡢᅖࡳグࢆぢ࡚ ࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸧࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡓࣜࢫࢡࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿᡭຓࡅࡋ࡚ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮タᐃࢆ᭱ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡍࡿࡁࠊࡑࡢືࡣࢇ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 120 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸶㸸ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 1 ࡢᑟධࣘࢽࢵࢺࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡢᇶᮏࢆᏛࡧࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊࡢከࡃࡢ㔜せ࡞ሗᢏ⾡ࡀ MIL ᚲせྍḞ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㛵ಀࡍࡿ㒊ศࢆᙉㄪࡋࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢᏛ⩦࡛ࡣࠊ Ꮫࡪ᪉ἲࢆᏛࡪࡇࡼࡾࡶࠊࡴࡋࢁ▱㆑ࢆ㓄ࡿࡇ㞟୰ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ ᩍ⫱ࡢศ㔝࡛㹋IL ࡢ౯್ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⏝⪅ࡀ⇍⦎ࡋࡓᏛ⩦⪅࡞ࡿࡇࡢ㔜せ ᛶࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᏛ⩦ࡣḟࡢࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋ⮬ࡽࡢሗࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ⌮ ゎࡍࡿࡇࠋຠ⋡ⓗࡘຠᯝⓗሗࢆ᳨⣴ࡋぢࡘࡅࠊࡇࡢሗࢆศᯒࡋࠊ⦅㞟ࡋࠊホ౯ ࡍࡿࡇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢពᛮỴᐃࡸၥ㢟ゎỴࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊࡑࡢሗࢆ࠸ࠊᛂ⏝ࡋࠊ⏕ ⏘ࡋࠊఏ࠼ࡿࡇ㸦ࣘࢿࢫࢥ 2008㸧࡛ࡍࠋ ၥ㢟ศᯒពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢሗࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ⌮ゎࡋࠊ㐺ᛂࡉࡏࠊసᡂࡋࠊಖ⟶ࡋࠊ⾲⌧ࡍ ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓ୍㐃ࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮㸦▱㆑ࠊᢏ⾡ែᗘ㸧ࢆࠊᩍᖌࡣ⮬ࡽ㌟ࡘࡅࠊᏛ⏕ࢆ ⫱࡚࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࡣࠊᩍ⫱⎔ቃࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࠊࡲࡓࡣࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩ ࣙࢼࣝ࡞⎔ቃࠊಶேࡀ㇏࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡞ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫࡧࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㐺ᛂ࡛ ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ㌟ࡅࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ␗࡞ࡿሗ※ࡢሗ࣓ࢹ ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵ㐺ษࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ࠸ࠊホ౯ࡍ ࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᙼ㸭ᙼዪࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝࡶ㌟ࡘࡅ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ሗࡢඹ ᭷ࡢࡓࡵᩥ᭩㈨ᩱࢆ᭱㝈⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹሗㄞゎຊࢆ㌟ࡅ ࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅㸦࠼ࡤࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ ࢿࢵࢺࠊࡑࡢࡇࡢศ㔝ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸧ࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿᶵ⬟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࠊ ホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡣࠊேࡧࡀሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ ࡚ࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡀሗࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࢆ㉸࠼࡚ேࡧࡀ࠺ ሗ※ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᗣデ᩿㏻▱ࠊᨻᗓᗈሗࠊཱྀ㢌࡛ఏࢃࡿሗࠊ㠀බᘧࡲࡓࡣබ ࡢウㄽࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㟁Ꮚⓗ㸦࠼ࡤࠊࢸࣞࣅࡢ㑅ᣲウㄽ␒⤌㸧࡛ࠊࡲࡓࣇ࢙ࢫ࣭ࢺ࣭ࣇ ࢙ࢫ㸦࠼ࡤࢱ࣑࣮࢘ࣥࢸࣥࢢ㸧࡛㓄ಙࡉࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢฟ᮶ࡣࠕ࣓ ࢹࠖࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡓࡣேࡧࡼࡗ࡚௰ࡉࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᇶᮏⓗࠊMIL ࡣᅗ᭩㤋 ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊᏛ⩦࣭◊✲ࢫ࢟ࣝࠊࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆࡶྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ࡞┠ⓗࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᩥ⬦࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ゎỴពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵࠊሗ ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ ሗࡢᴫᛕ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ ࠊ ᪥ࡢ♫࡛⏝࡛ࡁࡿᖜᗈ࠸ሗ※ࢡࢭࢫࡋ⏝ࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎ ࡍࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㌟ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡣࠊሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆ ㏻ࡋ࡚⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢᶵࢆᡭධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᩍᖌࡣ▱ⓗ⏕άάື⥅⥆ⓗ ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 121 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 1. ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦IL㸧ࡢᴫᛕᛂ⏝ 2. Ꮫ⩦⎔ቃሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ 3. ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 㸸ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦,/㸧ࡢᴫᛕᛂ⏝ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄሗሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᑟධ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ㘽࡞ࡿᴫᛕ ʄሗ♫᪂ࡋ࠸⬟ຊࡢࣥࣃࢡࢺ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽ᛂ⏝ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢẁ㝵 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ▱㆑ሗ♫࠾ࡅࡿࠊሗࡢᙺ㔜せᛶሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᚲせᛶࡘ࠸ ࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ㐺⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡍ࡚ࡢ㡿ᇦࡢࠊẁ㝵ࡸ࡞せ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆㄝ࡛᫂ ࡁࡿ ʄ༳ๅ≀ࡲࡓࡣ㟁Ꮚⓗ࡞ࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ሗ※ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡾ᥈ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᇶ‽ࢆศᯒ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄሗࢶ࣮ࣝሗ※ࡢࠊ⌮ⓗ࡛㈐௵࠶ࡿ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࠊ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື 21 ୡ⣖࠾ࡅࡿࠕሗࠖࠕሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖࠕICTࠖࠕ㘽࡞ࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ⏝ㄒࡣࠊ ࡋࡤࡋࡤ▱㆑ሗ♫ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ㝿ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋᕷẸࡣ♫ཧ⏬ࡋ࡚㈉⊩ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵࠊ▱㆑ࠊࢫ࢟ࣝࠊែᗘ࠸ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࢆせồࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᤵᴗ ධࡿ๓ࡇࢀࡽࡢ༢ㄒࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡣࡌࡵࠊሗࡢᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ ᫂☜⌮ゎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ ሗࡢᐃ⩏ ௨ୗࡢሗࡢᐃ⩏ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ʄሗࡣࠊேࡧࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿᙧᘧ࡛⾲ࡍࡓࡵࠊ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࠊฎ⌮ࡉࢀࠊゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡓࢹ ࣮ࢱࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄሗࡣࠗᡃࠎࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠘㸦ࢫࢱࢵࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ࣭ࣅ࣮ࠊ1979㸧 ʄሗࡣࠗேࡢព㆑㐩ࡋ࡚ࠊ▱㆑ࡢᵓ⠏㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡔ࠘㸦Blokdjik Blokdijkࠊ 1987㸧 ʄࠗሗࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡲࡓࡣᮍ᮶ࡢ⾜ືࡸពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ ࡣཷࡅᡭពࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᐇࡶࡋࡃࡣ▱ぬࡉࢀࡓ౯್࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠘㸦ࢹࣅࢫ࢜ࣝࢭࣥࠊ 1984㸧 122 ࡇࢀࡽࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊࢇ࡞ඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ 21 ୡ⣖࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ሗࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡢ◊✲࡛ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊ ࡼࡾᖜᗈ࠸ព࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿᐃ⩏ࢆぢࡘࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓ㸽 ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢᐃ⩏ ࠕሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ʄࠕሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊሗ♫࠾ࡅࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ே㛫ࡢᶒ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦ࣞࢡࢧࣥࢻ ࣜ Proclamationࠊ2005㸧 ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㡿ᇦࡢࡸᴗົ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ࡶ⌮ⓗ࡛ࠊຠ⋡ⓗ࡛ࠊ ࡘຠᯝⓗࠊሗࢆ☜ㄆࡋࠊホ౯ࡋࠊ࠺ࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ಶࠎࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࡢ⤌ྜࡏ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊேࡧࡣ ICT㸦ሗ㏻ಙᢏ⾡㸧ࢆ㐺ษ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡿࠋ ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡘ࠸࡚ᐃ⩏ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ሗࡢศᯒࠊ⤫ྜࠊホ౯ࡢᙺ ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏛ⏕ࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࠊពࡸ౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢẁ㝵㸭せ⣲ࡣୗグࢆྵࡴ㸸 ʄሗࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ☜ㄆ㸭ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ ʄሗ※ࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ ʄሗࢆ᳨⣴ࡋ࡚ぢࡘࡅฟࡍࡇ ʄሗࡢ㉁ࢆศᯒࡋホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ ʄሗࢆࡲࡵࠊグ㘓ࡍࡿࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣಖ⟶ࡍࡿࡇ ʄ⌮ⓗࠊຠ⋡ⓗࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ሗࢆ࠺ࡇ ʄ᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆ㐀ࡋ࡚ࠊఏ࠼ࡿࡇ ୍⯡ࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢẁ㝵㸭せ⣲ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸦࢘ࢵࢹ࣭࣮࣍ࢺࣥ Jr. 㸦2007㸧ࢆぢ࡞ࡉ࠸㸧 ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ⌮ゎ 㸫 Primer ࣃࣜࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࠊ࣮࣌ࢪ 9 - 13 ࢿࢵࢡࢫ B) ᩍᖌࡣྛࠎࡢሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢẁ㝵㸭せ⣲࡛ᚲせ࡞ࡿせ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࢳ࢙ࢵ ࢡࣜࢫࢺࢆ‽ഛࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿᩥ⬦࡛ࡢၥ㢟ゎỴᛂ⏝ࡋࡲࡍ㸽ࡢࡼ ࠺ၥ㢟ゎỴࡸពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢሗࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿Ỵᐃࢆୗࡋࡲࡍ㸽㸦 ࠼ࡤࠊ㔠⼥ၥ㢟ࢆᢅ࠺⤒῭ⓗ࡞ຓゝ࣭ሗ㸧 ሗ※ࡣࠊ࠾࠾ࡲ 3 ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ※ ࢆᩍ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊྠᵝࡢሗ※ࡢࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ▱㆑ሗ♫ ᪥ࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᛴ㏿࡞ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢ 㐍Ṍࡣሗ▱㆑ࢆ⤒῭ࠊ♫ࠊᨻࠊᩥࠊ་⒪ࢆືࡍືຊ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟ ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿሗࡶࡋࡃࡣ▱㆑♫ࡤࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᅗ᭩㤋࡛ࠊࡲࡓࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠕሗ♫ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ሗ♫࠾࠸࡚㘽࡞ࡿ௬ㄝࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ௦࠾ࡅࡿ⏕άࡸ 123 Ꮫ⩦ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ௬ㄝࡀࡢࡼ࠺㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྠᵝࠗ▱㆑♫࠘ ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨⣴ࡋ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀఱࡽࡢㄪࡶࡢࢆࡋࡓ ࡁࠊ2 ࡘࡢゝⴥࡢඹ㏻Ⅼࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄཷㅮ⪅ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ▱㆑ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆྵࡴሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀࠊ࡞ࡐሗ♫ࢆ⏕ࡁṧࡿ ࡇ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ 5 ࡘࣜࢫࢺࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ሗࠊሗ♫ࠊICTsࠊሗ㐣ከ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮㸦MIL㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡲࡵ ࡓᅗ㸦ᚲせᛂࡌ࡚ὀ㔘ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ㸧ࢆᥥ࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢほⅬࡽࠊ≉Ꮫ⏕ࡀ༞ᴗࡋᑓ㛛ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬࡛ࠊሗࣜࢸࣛ ࢩ࣮ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡗ࡚㸭ቑຍࡍࡿࡢࠊཷㅮ⏕࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋሗ▱ ㆑⏕⏘ࡢࢧࢡࣝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ♫࠾ࡅࡿሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢᙺࠊᶵ⬟ࡑࡋ࡚ ㈐௵ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺ ICT ࡢά⏝ࡼࡗ࡚ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝࡀ ⩦ᚓࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄఱࡀᏛ⏕ࡢሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡢࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᕷẸ♫ࠊᩍ⫱ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⤒῭άື࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮ࡢ౯ ್ࡀసࡾฟࡉࢀࡿࡢࠊࡑࢀࡽඹ㏻ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࠊ⏝ἲࠊᗣࡸᖾ⚟ࡢ౯್ࡘ࠸࡚ẚ㍑࣭ ᑐẚࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ௨ୗࡢ㸯ࡘࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࠊ◊✲㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࣭ሗࡣࠊ⾜ືࡲࡓࡣពᛮỴᐃࡢࡓࡵࡢࣥࣉࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ༢ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⛣ືࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㸦Towards Literacy Indicatorsࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࠊ2008ࠊ14 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆཧ↷㸧 ࣭ሗࡢᥦ౪ࢡࢭࢫࡣࠊຊ♫ᨭ㓄ࡢ※࡛ࡍ ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊICT ࡣูࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᚲせࡋࡲࡍ㸽࠼ࡤࠊேࡧࡣ ICT ࡀ࡞࠸ ሙྜሗࡢㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ʄሗᑐࡍࡿᩥⓗ࡞ែᗘࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋሗࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ♫࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ ࡳࡽࢀ࡚ࠊホ౯ࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽࠼ࡤせ࡞᪂⪺ࡢࡼ࠺࡞༳ๅࡉࢀࡓሗࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹ ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡓሗẚ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽ሗᶒຊάᏐ࣓ࢹ ࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡢ㛫ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢసࡽࢀࡓሗࡢ⫼ᚋ࠸ ࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡇࡢሗࡢ▱㆑ࡣ㔜せ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࢀࡣࠊ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡍ㸽ཷㅮ⏕ḟࡢάື ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠼ࡤ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅ࠸ࡗࡓάᏐ࣓ࢹࡢሗࡢ౯್ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢಖᏑࠊ᳨⣴ࠊ⏝ ࡿࢥࢫࢺࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢㄪᰝࡣ௨ୗࡢၥ㢟ࡶᑐฎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ㸸 ⏕⏘ࡼࡿ┈ᇶ࡙ࡃ౯್ࠋ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሗࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓ⌧ᐇࡢ ౯್ࠋ⏝⪅ࡀሗࢆ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ⤖ᯝࠋ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࢫ࢟ࣝࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺㜚ࠊ㞠⏝ฟࠊᩍဨࡢᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࡢᨵၿ㛵 ࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺᏛᰯᅗ᭩㤋ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊබẸࠊ⛉Ꮫࠊ♫ࠊṔྐࡲࡓ ࡣᆅ⌮࠸ࡗࡓᩍ⛉࡛ࠊㄪᰝࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢၥ㢟ࡸㄢ㢟ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ◊✲ࡢ ⤖ᯝࢆࠊࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࢆࡗ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡽࠊ ḟࡢࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸸 ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡇࡢ㡯┠࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᖜᗈ࠸ሗࡽࠊᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ ࢆࡢࡼ࠺㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡓ㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࠊヰ㢟ࡢୖ࡛⏝࡛ࡁࡿከ✀ከᵝ࡞ሗ ࡽఱࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ࠸ࢆ㑅ࡧࡲࡋࡓ㸽ࡉࡽᚲせࡔࡗࡓሗ࡛ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ㸽᭱ᚋࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㞟ࡵࡓሗࢆࡇࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵኚࡋࡲࡋ ࡓ㸽ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ࡞ࡐࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍ㸽 124 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸Ꮫ⩦⎔ቃሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄBig6 – 6 ẁ㝵࡛ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿሗ࢞ࢻ ʄᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ⏝ ʄᏛ⩦⎔ቃሗᥦ౪⪅ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵࡢሗఏ㐩ሗࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄሗࢆ⤌⧊ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛㘽࡞ࡿഃ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎࢆグ㏙ࡋ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕࠊሗ▱㆑ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣮࣐࢟㸦࠼ࡤᅗ᭩㤋㞟ศ㢮ࠊ┠㘓ࠊせ⣙ࠊཧ⪃ᩥ ⊩ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࠊࡑࡢ㸧ࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ʄᏛ⩦ࡢࡓࡵຠᯝⓗᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ – ᅗ᭩㤋ࡀ◊✲㛵ࡍࡿⓗၥ㢟 ࢆ♧ࡍᶵࢆホ౯࡛ࡁࡿ ʄၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵ Big6 ࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢୗグࡢ 6 ẁ㝵ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ཷㅮ⏕⪺࠸࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㸦ࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡢヲ⣽࡞ෆᐜࡣࠊࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢ⤊ࢃࡾࡢ ⾲ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸧㸸 1. ࢱࢫࢡࡢᐃ⩏㸸ሗၥ㢟ࢆᐃࡵ࡚ࠊᚲせ࡞ሗࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ 2. ሗ᥈⣴ࡢᡓ␎㸸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡍ࡚ࡢሗ※ࢆࡽࠊ᭱㧗ࡢሗ※ࢆ㑅ࡪ 3. ᥈ࡋ࡚ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ㸸ሗ※ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡽሗࢆぢࡘࡅࡿ 4. ሗࡢ⏝㸸ሗࢆ▱ぬࡋ࡚㸦࠼ࡤࠊㄞࡴࠊ⪺ࡃࠊぢࡿࠊࡉࢃࡿ㸧ࠊ㛵㐃ࡋࡓሗࢆ ྲྀࡾฟࡍ 5. ྜᡂ㸸」ᩘࡢሗ※ࡽሗࢆ⤌ྜࡏࠊሗࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿ 6. ホ౯㸸సရࡢຠᯝࠊ㐣⛬ࡢຠ⋡ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ ࣭ࡇࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡢሗࢧࢡࣝศ㢮㸦࠼ࡤ࢘ࢵࢹ࣭࣮࣍ࢺࣥ Jr.㸦2007㸧 ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓᡭ㡰ࡸࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠗࣈ࣮࣒ࣝࡢᨵⰋࡋࡓศ㢮ἲ࠘㸧 ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ᰾࡞ࡿせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࡢࠊBig6 ࡢ 6 ࡘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ⣡ᚓ ࡋࡲࡍ㸽ࡶࡋࠊ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࠊఱࢆ㏣ຍࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍ㸽ࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡍ㸽 ᐇ㝿ࠊ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ 6 ࡘࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡀࠊ㡰␒㏻ࡾ㉳ࡇࡿࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ㸽 ࣭ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢ᭱ᚋ㍕ࡏࡓ⾲ࡢࠊሗၥ㢟ゎỴࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢẁ㝵ࡑࡗ࡚ཷ ㅮ⏕ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⾲ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࢫၥ㢟ࡢᴫせࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵ༑ศ࡞㛫ࢆ☜ಖࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᏛᰯᅗ᭩㤋㸦ࡲࡓࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ㒔ᕷࡲࡓࡣ⏫ࡢせ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋㸧࡛ࠊᩍ⫱㸦࠼ࡤ ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࠊ≉Ṧᩍ⫱ࠊẚ㍑ᩍ⫱࡞㸧㛵ࡍࡿࠊ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓࠊࡲࡓࡣ㟁Ꮚࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡢ 㞧ㄅㄽᩥࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㞧ㄅㄽᩥࡢ୰ࡽࡉࡽᏛࡧࡓ࠸ヰ㢟ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢㄽᩥ࡛㘽࡞ࡿⓎぢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢሗࡣࠊᩍᖌ 125 ࡋ࡚ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞άືࡢࡼ࠺ᙺ❧ࡕࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢሗࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡶᛂ⏝ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽ࡶࡋࠊࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡇࡢሗࢆ࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᏛࡲࡓࡣᏛᰯࡢᅗ᭩㤋ྖ᭩ࡗ࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡀᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ᭱㝈ά⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ᚲせ࡞ሗࢫ࢟ࣝࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅗ᭩㤋࡛࠶ࡽࡺࡿ✀㢮ࡢሗ※ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿㄢ㢟ࢆཷㅮ⏕ㄢࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᙼࡽࡀᅗ᭩㤋࡛ᚓࡓሗࡢሗ※㸦࠼ࡤ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸧࡛ᚓࡓሗࢆẚ㍑ࡉࡏ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴ㛵ࡋ࡚ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆホ౯ࡉ ࡏ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣭ࢽ࣮ࢬࡢࡓࡵࡢᏛᰯ⎔ቃࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ ࡓࡵࡢᥦࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄBig6 ሗၥ㢟ゎỴ㸸ヰ㢟ࡢࠊࡲࡓࡣၥ㢟㸦࠼ࡤᢞ⚊ᶒࠊẸ⩏ࠊHIV/࢚ࢬ ࡞㸧ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵᅗ᭩㤋ࡢሗ㈨ᩱࢆ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢヰ㢟ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ Big6 ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿヰ㢟ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱᢏ⾡ࢆά⏝ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ⾲ࡲࡓࡣᅗ࡛ཎᩥࡲࡓࡣ⤫ィࡢሗࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅗ᭩㤋㈨ᩱࡽ㞟ࡵࡓሗࣥࢱ ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡽ㞟ࡵࡓሗࢆ㔞ࠊ㉁ࠊ᭷⏝ᛶࡢⅬ࡛ẚ㍑ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࣛࢪ࢜ࡸᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡢ⏝ࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜ࡛ࡢሗసᡂ⏝ࡢᵝ┦ࢆኚ࠼࡚ ࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ࡁ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋࣃ࣮࣏࣡ࣥࢺࢆࡗ࡚࠶࡞ࡓࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆⓎ ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⾲㸸ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ሗၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢ 6 ẁ㝵ࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 㸯 ሗࢽ࣮ ࢬሗ ၥ㢟ࡢᐃ ⩏ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 㸰 ሗ᥈⣴ ᡓ␎ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 㸱 㡯┠㸭㉁ၥ ⚾ࡣఱࢆぢࡘࡅࡓ࠸ࡢ㸽 ⚾ࡀゎỴࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡣఱ㸽 ⚾ࡣࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢᛶ㉁ࠊ◊✲ࡉࢀࡓヰ㢟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ⚾ࡢሗࢽ࣮ࢬࡸၥ㢟ࢆ᫂☜࡛ࡁࡿ㸽 㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⚾ࡣࢇ࡞▱㆑ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 㢟㛵ࡋ࡚⚾ࡣࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢሗࡀḧࡋ࠸㸽 ⚾ࡀࡇࡢሗࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊࢀࡃࡽ࠸㛫ࡀࡿ㸽 ࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣሗࢆ᥈ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸽ᩍᖌࡣ≉ᐃࡢ✀㢮ࡢሗࡢࡓࡵ ࠊ ᭱㐺 ࡞ ሗ ※ ࡓ ࡾ ࡘ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ࡣ ࡞ ࡐ 㸽 ᩥ ⬦ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣࠊୗグࡢࡇࢆྵࡴࠋ(i)➨㸯ࡢሗ※ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡞࠸࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢ ሗ※㸦࠼ࡤࠊ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ࠊ㡿᭩ࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣓࣮ࣝࠊཎ∧ࠊཎ✏ࠊ ┿ࠊ᪥グࠊಶேⓗᡭ⣬ࠊཱྀᢎᩥᏛࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡲࡓࡣእグ㘓㸧ࠋ(ii)➨㸰 ࡢሗ※ࠋࡑࢀࡣሗᥦ౪⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊሗࡣゎ㔘ࡉࢀࠊ ศᯒࡉࢀࠊࡲࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦࠼ࡤᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞ᮏࠊ㞧ㄅㄽᩥࠊ㞧ㄅࠊᢈホࡲࡓࡣゎ 㔘㸧ࠋ(iii)➨㸱ࡢሗ※ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ⦅㞟≀ࠊ┠㘓ࠊࡲࡓࡣࡢ⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡓ ሗ※㸦࠼ࡤせ⣙ࠊཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ࠊࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡࠊⓒ⛉ࠊ┠㘓ࠊᖺ௦グࠊࢹ࣮ ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡞ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸦ࢹࢪࢱࣝᅗ᭩㤋ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊ බᩥ᭩㤋࡞ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽 ⚾ࡣࠊㄡຓࡅࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸽 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 2 ࡛㏙ࡓሗ※ࡽຠᯝⓗሗࢆᤚࡍ᪉ἲࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࠋ 126 ᥈ࡋ࡚ ࢡࢭࢫ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 㸲 ᢈุⓗ࡞ ホ౯ ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ 㸳 ྜᡂ ࡇࢀࡣ௨ୗࡢෆᐜࢆྵࡴ㸸1㸧≉ᐃࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ㸦࠼ࡤࠊᏛ⏕ࡢฟ㌟ᅜ㸧࡛ࠊ ୍⯡ⓗ࡞᳨⣴ᑓ㛛᳨⣴ࢆྵࡴࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆᤚࡍ㝿ࡢࣄࣥࢺ㸸ࢻ࣓ࣥྡ 㸦࠼ࡤ.eduࠊ.govࠊ.org ࡞㸧ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࠋ┿㡢ኌࡸᫎീࢆぢࡘࡅ ࡿࡓࡵ Web ࢆ᥈ࡍࠋ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ㸦࠼ࡤࠊGoogle scholar㸧 ᳨࡛⣴ࡍࡿࠋ2㸧ᮏࡢሗࢆ᥈ࡍࡣ┠㘓┠ḟࢆࠊPDF ࡞ࡢ㟁Ꮚࣇࣝ ࡽሗࢆ᥈ࡍࡣ᳨⣴ࢆ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ3㸧ᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅗ᭩㤋 ࢝ࢱࣟࢢࠊᐃᮇห⾜≀ࠊ┠㘓ࠊせ⣙ࣞࣇࣞࣥࢫ࣭ࣈࢵࢡࢆ᥈ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 4㸧AGRICOLAࠊAGRIS/CARISࠊEBSCO ࡸ Expanded Academic ASAP ࡢࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ホุ ࡢ Ⰻ ࠸ ࠊ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Ꮫ ⏕ ࡢ ᅜ ࡸ ᆅ ᇦࡢ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࣋ ࣮ ࢫ ࢆ ᳨ ⣴ ࡋ ࡲ ࡋ ࡻ ࠺ࠋࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ᳨⣴ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢࣄࣥࢺ㸸ྠ⩏ㄒࢆ࠺ࠋࢱࢺࣝ ࡸ➹⪅ྡ᳨࡛⣴ࡍࡿࠋ᳨⣴₇⟬Ꮚ㸦“and”“or”“not”㸧࡛࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࢆࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࠋ ࢺࣛࣥࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸦๓᪉୍⮴ࠊᚋ᪉୍⮴ࠊ୰㛫୍⮴㸧ࡸ࣡ࣝࢻ࣮࢝ࢻࢆ࠺ࠋ ᪥ࠊゝㄒࠊฟ∧ࡢ✀㢮ࠊᰝㄞࡢ᭷↓ࡼࡗ࡚⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ5㸧ᚲせ࡞ ሗࢆ⮬ືⓗཷࡅྲྀࡿࡓࡵ RSS ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸦Web ࢧࢺࡢ᭦᪂ෆᐜࢆ⮬ື ⓗྲྀᚓࡍࡿࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸧ࢆ࠸ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᭩⡠ࡸ Web ࢧࢺࠊࡑࡢࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ࠶ࡿሗࡢಙ㢗ᛶಙ៰ᛶࡸ㉁ࢆ ホ౯㸭ᐇドࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࡢᚲせᛶࠋ ఱࡀࢸ࣮࣐㸽 ⚾ࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣఱ㸽ࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡀゎỴࡋࡓ࠸ၥ㢟ࠊࡢࡼ࠺㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ㸽 ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡣ」ᩘࡢሗ※ࡽ㛵㐃ࡋࡓሗࢆຠᯝⓗ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿ㸽 ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡣሗࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡢ㸽 ⚾ࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࡣఱ㸽 ⚾ࡣࢇ࡞ࢶ࣮ࣝࢆᚲせࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸽 ࢫ ࢸ ࣮ ࢪ ⚾ࡀၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵぢࡘࡅࡓሗࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ 㸴 ⏝࡛ࡁࡿཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸭ࣜࣇࣞࣥࢫ࣭ࢶ࣮ࣝ㸦࠼ࡤ zotexࠊrefwork ࡞㸧 ሗ ࡢ ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊሗ※ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚㸭グ㘓ࡍࡿࡇ ⏝ࠊඹ᭷ࠊ ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ሗࢽ࣮ࢬࡲࡓࡣၥ㢟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊඹྠไస 㓄ᕸ ࡋࠊሗⓎಙࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢶ࣮ࣝ㸦࠼ࡤ Google DocumentsࠊwikisࠊSlash ࡞ 㸧 ⴭసᶒ✼ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ࢜ࣥࣛࣥሗࡢᛶ㉁ ʄࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢆㄪࡿ ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝ௦ࡢⴭసᶒἲࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢯࣇࢺ㟁Ꮚࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᏲࡿ ʄᶵ⩻ヂࡸㅮ₇ࢆάᏐࡋ࡚グ㘓ࡍࡿࡇࢆྵࡴࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗࡓᏛࡧ㸦࠼ࡤ e-learning㸧 ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㟁Ꮚࡉࢀࡓつ᱁ 127 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࡢసᡂࠊグ㘓ࠊ㏦ಙࠊ㓄ᕸಖᏑࡢྛẁ㝵࠾ࡅࡿࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝࢼࣟࢢ ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࠊࣇࣝࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢪࠊ㞳ࢀࡓሙᡤ࠶ࡿሗ※ࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊࡑࡋ࡚ே㛫ྠ ኈࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵ⏕⏘ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄሗᢏ⾡ࢆ࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ሙ㠃ࡸಶேⓗ࡞య㦂࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࠺ࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࣭ࢥࣔࣥࢬⴭసᶒࣛࢭࣥࢫࢆྵࡴⴭసᶒἲࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ʄ᳨⣴ࢸࢡࢽࢵࢡ㸦᳨⣴࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡸࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶᥦ౪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸧ࢆࡗ࡚࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥሗ ࢆ᳨⣴࡛ࡁࡿ ʄሗᥦ౪⪅㸦࠼ࡤࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࢆಖᏑࡍࡿᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ༤≀㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋㸧ࡢᙺࢆ⌮ ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛ሗࢆಖᏑࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࢼࣟࢢ࡞ᙧᘧ࡛ಖᏑࡍࡿࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢹࣂࢫࡽࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᰂ㌾࡞ࢡࢭࢫࡢࡓࡵ ࢹࢪࢱࣝࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࡢࡓࡵሗࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᏛࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛ࡍࠋᇶᮏⓗࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ሗ ࢆศᯒ࣭Ⓨぢ࣭⤌⧊࣭ホ౯࣭సᡂࡋࠊ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡍࡇࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋࢹࢪࢱࣝࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵ ࢺࡋ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆಖᏑࡍࡿࡇࡢⅬ㸦ຠᯝⓗ࡞ⓎಙࠊಖᏑࠊ᳨⣴ࠊ᧯సࠊᛶ࡞㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄཷㅮ⏕ࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡸࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡶ࢜ࣇ࡛ࣛࣥࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪㅮᗙ ࢆィ⏬ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ࠊࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢧ࣮ࣂ࣮ࡢᇶᮏࢆ⌮ゎ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊཷㅮ⏕ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻ࣐࢘ࢫ᧯సࠊ ᣑᙇᏊࡢ✀㢮ಖᏑ᪉ἲࡶྵࡳࡲࡍࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢯ࣮ࢫࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡸᏳ ࡃධᡭ࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ▱ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᩍᖌᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᭷ྡ࡞ࢯࣇ ࢺ࢙࢘ேẼࡢ࠶ࡿࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࣁ࣮ࢻࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡣࠊᣦᐃࡋࡓ ᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ྠᵝࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢯ࣮ࢫࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡸᏳ࠸ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ ࣁ࣮ࢻࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ᳨⣴ࡉࡏ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ 2 ࡘࡣసᡂࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ ࡒࢀࡢ㛗ᡤ▷ᡤࢆࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾᢈุⓗ┦ホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ άື ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ࢜ࣥࣛࣥ㈨ᩱ㸦࠼ࡤ≉ᐃࡢ◊✲ࢺࣆࢵࢡ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ㞟ࡵ ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡸ㟁Ꮚᅗ᭩㤋㸧ࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᳨⣴ࡢ┠ⓗྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊሗ※ࢆ ῶࡽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᳨⣴࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡣㄽ⌮₇⟬㸦࠼ࡤ”and㸦ࡑࡋ࡚㸧”㸪”or㸦ࡲࡓࡣ㸧”㸧 ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡕࡽࡀⰋ࠸⤖ᯝ࡞ࡿࡢࠊࡲࡓࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᏛ⏕ࡀホ౯ࡸᐟ㢟ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࡓࡵࠊ๓ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗ㈨ᩱࢆ࠺ άືࢆᥦࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋయࡀ⮬⏤࡞ேࡓࡕࡀࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵᥦ౪ ࡉࢀࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡㸦࠼ࡤࠊ࢙࢘ࣈ࣭ࢡࢭࢩࣅࣜࢸࡸࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺ࡛ ࡢࢹࢪࢱࣝᩥ᭩సᡂ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 128 ʄWeb ࢧࢺࡀᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡲࡓࡣࡢࢇ࡞ᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㓄ಙࡍࡿࡢ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡢ ◊✲ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࢧࢺ࡛ࡣࠊሗࡀࡢࡼ࠺⤌⧊ࡉࢀ࡚ࠊࢡࢭࢫࡉࢀࡿࡢぢ ┤ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡣࢇ࡞ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗ㈨ᩱࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡢࡼ࠺ ࢹࢪࢱࣝሗ㈨ᩱࢆࢥ࣮ࢫᩍᮦࡋ࡚ࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢࢧࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ ࢀࡃࡽ࠸Ꮫ⩦ࡢᙺ❧ࡘࡢࠊࡑࡋ࡚㝈⏺ࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿࢆయ㦂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊⅬ ḞⅬࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄಶேࡲࡓࡣಶࠎேࡢࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕࣈࣟࢢࠖ ࡸࠕwikiࠖࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢇ࡞ሗࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣓࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢹ࡛⾜ࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࢀࡽࡢሗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ┠ⓗࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ㄡࡀሗࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽 ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽሗࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡧࡢືᶵࡀఱ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡲࡍ㸽 ʄᩍ⫱㛵ಀࡍࡿ wiki ࢧࢺࢆࡳ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᩍ⫱ࢥ࣮ࢫࡸ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ㓄ಙࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍ⫱ࡢၥ㢟㸦࠼ࡤࠊᑠᏛᰯ࠾ࡅࡿㄞ᭩ࡸᇶᮏⓗ࡞ィ⟬ຊ ࡢᨵၿ㸧ࢆᢅ࠺ wiki ࢧࢺࢆ‽ഛࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋwiki ୖ࡛ࠊᩍဨ◊ಟࡢホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽ ࡍࡿࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊሗࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿⅬ㝈⏺ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᅜࡢᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿヰ㢟ࢆࣈࣟࢢ᭩࠸࡚ࡳࡿᐇ㦂ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ 㛵ᚰ⯆ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿၥ㢟࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ㈋ᅔ♫ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࠾ࡅ ࡿᩍ⫱ࢡࢭࢫࡢᨵၿࠋᏛ⩦ࡢ㉁ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ⏕ᚐࡀከᵝ࡞ሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ ࡇࠋ▱㆑ሗࡀቑࡍࡿୡ௦࡛ࠊ࡞ࡐ㈋ࡋ࠸ேࡀࡼࡾ㈋ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࠋ࠸ࡗࡓࡇ ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᏛ⏕ࡢどⅬࡽࠊࢀࢆࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࡋ࡚ಖᏑࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠊ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡿ㑅ᢥᇶ‽⏝࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ゎỴ᪉ἲࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺⥅ ⥆ᛶࡣಖドࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢಖᏑࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊఱูࡢഃ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸽 ʄࢹࢪࢱࣝሗࡢಖᏑࡢࡓࡵ⏝࡛ࡁࡿᅜ㝿ᩥ᭩㸦࠼ࡤࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢࢹࢪࢱࣝ㑇⏘ࡢ ಖᏑ㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿᠇❶ࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝ࢝ࣈࠊಖ⟶࢞ࢻࣛࣥ㸧ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ୡ⏺㑇⏘ᅗ᭩㤋ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭࠼ࡤࣁࢳᆅ㟈ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬↛⅏ᐖࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩥ᭩㑇⏘ࢆಖ⟶ࡋಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡢ 㔜せᛶࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊࣁࢳࡢᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋ࡢグ㘓⟶⌮ᐁࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃ ࢀࡓࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᆅ㟈ᚋ 2010 ᖺ 1 ᭶ࡢࣁࢳࡢ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡍࡿグࢆ ぢࡘࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭࢙࢘ࣈබᩥ᭩㤋ࡀ࡞ࡐᚲせࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡢᏛ⏕ᑜࡡࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ʄhttp://dis.shef.ac.uk/literacy ࡇࡢࢧࢺࡣࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ≉ᚩࢆㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢࣜࣥࢡሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢሗ※ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄUNESCO. 2008. Towards Information Literacy Indicators – conceptual framework paper. Paris, UNESCO ʄhttp://www.big6.com. ࡇࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡣࠊሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊከࡃ ࡢሗ※ࢆ㍕ࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ʄGaunt, J., Morgan, N., Somers, R., Soper, R., and Swain, E. 2007. Handbook for Teaching Information Literacy. Cardiff, Cardiff University 129 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸷㸸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ0,/Ꮫ⩦̽ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㡬Ⅼ ࠕ୰㌟ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡽኚ࠼ࡿࡇࢆせồࡍࡿࠖࣀࢽ࣐ࢫ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮(MIL)࠾ࡅࡿ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ⌧௦ࡢᏛ⩦⌮ㄽࡽᙧᡂࡉ ࢀࡓᗈ࠸ព࡛ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡍࠋᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ ࡣᐦ᥋㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㐣⛬ࡢ㒊ศྠኈࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ ࡕࡽࡢ㒊ศࡔࡅ࡛ࡣຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ㸦Ndongko,198㸧ࠋᩍᖌ⏕ᚐࡣࠊព㆑ⓗࠊࡶ ࡋࡃࡣ↓ព㆑ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㐣⛬ࡢᇶᮏⓗせ⣲ࡔࡗࡓࡾࠊࡣ」㞧࡞せ⣲ࢆᤵ ᴗ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ㸦ࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊ᪂⪺㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡀᤵᴗᑟධࡉࢀࡿࠊᩍ ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇኚࡀ㏕ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌ⏕ᚐࡀࠊMILࡢᢏ⬟ࢆᚓࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᩍ⫱ࡢ⎔ቃࢆ㇏ࡋࠊᩍ࠼Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࡼࡾࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࡍࡿࢳࣕࣥࢫࡀ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡲࡍࠋ ᩍᖌ⏕ᚐࡀࠊ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚┦స⏝ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡣࠊẸⓗ ࡛࠶ࡾከඖⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⎔ቃࢆసࡿࡇࢆຓࡅࠊࡉࡽ▱ⓗ㐀ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇࡶຓࡅࡲࡍࠋ ᤵᴗ࡛Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ຊẼ࡙ࡃࡇࡣࠊᏛ⩦⌮ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿㄆ▱ࠊ࣓ ࢱㄆ▱ⓗ࡞㐣⛬ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣࠊࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡍ࡚Ώ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ⩦㸦Ꮫ⩦⌮ㄽࢆྵࢇࡔࡶࡢ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽMILࡀࡇࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᨭ࠼ࡿࢆ♧ࡋࡲࡍࠋ᭱ᚋࠊMILࡢࡓ ࡵࡢ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇຓຊࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢኚࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ 1.ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᏛࡪࡇ 2.Ꮫ⩦⌮ㄽMIL 3.Ꮫᰯ࡛MILࡢࡓࡵྍ⬟࡞⎔ቃࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡢ⟶⌮ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊᩍᤵᏛ⩦ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᐃ⩏ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚ࡢᩍᤵᏛ⩦ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊMILࡢ▱㆑ࡀࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࢆࡢ ࡼ࠺ྥୖࡉࡏࡿ ʄMILࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡉࡽMILࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿ᪉␎ 130 Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶᮏⓗ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡍࡇࠋ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⌮ㄽࠊࡉࡽMILᢏ⬟ࡢᛂ⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬ ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ☜ᐃࡋศᯒࡍࡿࡇࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ࡶࡋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀᤵᴗ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅㸦ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࡸ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᩍ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚ࡳ ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ㸸࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࢆࡢᵝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ሗࡀ⏕ᚐࡸࡾࡾࡉࢀࡿࡁࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡲࡍ㸽 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊᩍᤵᏛ⩦ࡢ⤒㦂࡛MILࡢ⨨ࢆᴫᛕࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊᤵᴗ࡛ᩍᖌ⏕ᚐ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡢᙺࢆヲ⣽᳨ドࡍࡿᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ ḟ࠶ࡆࡓඹ㏻ࡢせᅉࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ(Shannon and Weaber,1948; Schramm, 1954; Berlo, 1960): ʄ㏦ࡾᡭ㸦Ⓨಙඖ/※Ἠ㸧 ʄ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸦ෆᐜ㸧 ʄὶ㏻⤒㊰㸦࣓ࢹ㸧 ʄཷࡅᡭ㸦ᛂ⪅/ゎㄞ⪅㸧 ʄࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ㸦㏦ࡾᡭࡽཷࡅᡭࠊᚠ⎔ࡍࡿࡁࡣࠊཷࡅᡭࡽ㏦ࡾᡭ㸧 ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡛ࡢᵝᛂ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ☜ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍᖌ ࡣࡢᙺ࠶ࡓࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽⏕ᚐࡣࡢᙺ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᙺࡼࡗ ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦⤒㦂࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ ࡢ㐣⛬ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢ㐣⛬ࢆᨵⰋࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊMILࡢ▱㆑ࢆࡢᵝ ᙺ❧࡚ࡲࡍ㸽 ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ⏕ᚐࡀࠊሗࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿ㝿ࡑࡢሗࡢᇶ┙㸦ࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛ ࣮࣒㸧ࢆᢈุⓗ᳨ドࡍࡿᶵࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࠊ ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ ࠺⪃࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗ࡛⏕ᚐࡣࡢᵝ࡞࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ሗࢆཷ ࡅྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸽ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᩍᤵᏛ⩦ࡢ⤒㦂ᙳ㡪ࡋࡲࡍ㸽࠶࡞ ࡓࡢᤵᴗ࡛⏕ᚐࡀࢡࢭࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹࡸሗ※ࢆ☜ࡵࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ୰ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࢆධࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ㐣⛬ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ MILࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ ࡘ࠸࡚⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺࠊࡑࡋ࡚ሗ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸦࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࠖࡀ ᤵᴗࡢ⛉┠࡞ࡿࡇ㸧ࢆఏ㐩ࡋᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩄឤ࡞ࡾࠊศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀồ ࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ୍㒊ࡢᙺ ᩍᤵᏛ⩦㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࡢᙺᩄឤ࡞ࡾࠊศᯒࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿࡇ ࡛ࡍࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊᤵᴗ࡛࣓ࢹࡸᢏ⾡ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఱࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࡛ࡍࠋᢏ⾡ࡸ࣓ࢹ ࡢ⏝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚≉ู࡞ヰ㢟ࡸ㢟ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀࡲࡍ㸽ᩍᖌࡣࠊMILࡢᢏ⾡ࢆࠊࡢࡼ ࠺ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 131 MIL ࡘ࠸࡚ ᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࠊࡉࡽ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ࡚ ࠊᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࡢ୍⯡ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ ࠕࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠖࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆ࠺άື/ࢆグ㍕ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡀ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ ⤒㦂࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸Ꮫ⩦⌮ㄽ0,/ せ㡯┠ ʄᩍ⫱ᏛMIL ʄ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡣఱ? ʄ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ MIL: ࣜࣥࢡࢆసࡿ Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄMILࢆᏛࡪ⏕ᚐࡢࡓࡵ㐺ษ࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ᪉ἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ ʄ⏕ᚐࡢࡓࡵ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ⓗ᪉␎ࢆ☜ᐃࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ࢚ࢵࢭࣥࢫ࡞ࡿḟࡢMILࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࢱࢫࢡᐃ⩏ ࣭ሗ᳨⣴ ࣭ሗࡢᡤᅾࢡࢭࢫ ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪሗࡢศᯒ ࣭ሗࡢ⏝ ࣭⤫ྜ ࣭ホ౯ ⏕ᚐࡀ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚♧ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࢆ☜ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞᪉␎ࡸάືࢆグ㍕ࡋࡲࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ʄࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉␎άືࢆࡲࡵࡓ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᏛ⩦ィ⏬ࡸᴫせࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋMIL࡛ ༢⊂ࡢᏛ⩦/ᴫせࡢసᡂࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣMILࢆ᪤ᡂࡢ⛉┠⤫ྜࡍࡿᏛ⩦/ᴫせࡢసᡂࢆ⪃࠼ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⏕ᚐࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ♧ࡍࡓࡵࠊᩍᖌࡀᚲせࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞㓄៖ ࡸ㓄⨨ࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ๓ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࠊ බᩥ᭩㤋ࠊከᵝ࡞ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡀࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᤵᴗ/ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᴫせ࠾࠸࡚ᯝࡓࡍᙺࢆ ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚⌮⏤ࢆ㏙ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡋ࡚࠶࡞ࡓࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺㸽࠶࡞ࡓࡢ⏕ᚐࡣఱࡢᙺࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᙺࡣᏛ⩦㐣 ⛬ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᙉࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ʄ⏕ᚐࡀᏛ⩦⪅ࡋ࡚ᡂຌ⤒㦂ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡢ▱㆑࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡢ᪉␎ࡀ㔜せ ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡣࠕㄆ▱ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ▱ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ▱㆑ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࠖࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ 132 ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡣከࡃࡢᙧᘧࢆྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᏛ⩦ࡸၥ㢟ゎỴࡢ ࡓࡵࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉␎ࢆ࠸ࡘ࠺ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࠺ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ▱㆑ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊࡇࡢㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢㄆ▱ࢆ⤫ไࡋࠊ⪃࠼ࡓࡾᏛ⩦ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࢆ᭱㝈ࡋࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⌮/ࣔࣛࣝࡢつ๎ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࢃࢀࡲࡍ㸦࢘࢟࣌ࢹ ࡼࡾ㸧ࠋ ʄ๓ฟ࡚ࡁࡓMILࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋMILࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡽࠊ⏕ ᚐࡀ⮬ศࡢᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ⓗ᪉␎ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ グ㍕ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢱࢫࢡᐃ⩏ࡣᴫᛕᆅᅗࢆ࠺ࡇ࡛ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡉࢀࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ ࢪሗࡢศᯒࡣࠊᢈุⓗ࡞㉁ࢆకࡗࡓሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᵝࠎ࡞㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ ࢆศ㢮ࡍࡿᅗ⾲ࡼࡗ࡚ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡀ㑅ࢇࡔࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡽ࠸ࡃࡘࡢάືࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ⏕ᚐࡀࡑࡢάືࢆ ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵồࡵࡽࢀࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᤵᴗእ࡛⏕ᚐࡀ࣓ࢹከᵝ࡞ ሗᥦ౪⪅ࡶ⾜࠺άືࡼࡿᏛ⩦ࢆ㌿⛣ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࡀࢇ࡞ᙺࢆᯝ ࡓࡋࡲࡍ㸽 ʄࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸯ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲࡛MILࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆཧ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓ⮬ ㌟ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ⏕ᚐࢆᐃࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ᪉ἲࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛᥇⏝ࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨࡋ ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⌮ㄽMILࢆᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࡢࡼ࠺ ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ┠ᶆࡢࡼ࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽⏕ᚐࡣᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚▱ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽㸦࠼ࡤࠊ ィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿホ౯ࡢᮇࠊᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡢࡇࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸧 ʄMILࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨ࠾࠸࡚ᅗ᭩㤋༤≀㤋ࡢᙺࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓタ࠾࠸ ࡚ᤵᴗ᪉ἲࡀࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࢀࡿࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞άືࢆ⏬ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢタ ࡀࡢࡼ࠺≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠊᩍᤵᏛ⩦⤒㦂ᘓタⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࡦࡘࡢࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡽࡢάືᇶ࡙ ࡁࠊMIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀศࡋࡓᩍᤵᏛ⩦ࡢᶵࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸦࠼ ࡤࠊឤぬⓗᏛ⩦ࠊどぬⓗᏛ⩦ࠊ⫈ぬⓗᏛ⩦࡞㸧 ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸Ꮫᰯ࡛0,/ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᭷ຠ࡞⎔ቃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⟶⌮ せ㡯┠ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ᥎㐍㸸ୡ⏺୰ࡢάືࠊᨻⓗ㛤Ⓨ࡞ ʄMIL╔ᡭࡍࡿࡓࡵᏛᰯồࡵࡽࢀࡿຠᯝⓗ࡞⎔ቃ ʄMILࢆᏛᰯ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛┤㠃ࡍࡿᅔ㞴ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅔ㞴ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵ Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄᆅᇦⓗ࣭ᅜ㝿ⓗᐇࡍࡿMILࡢᡓ␎ࢆ⌮ゎࡋㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ 133 ʄᐖ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿ ʄᏛᰯMILࡢᑟධࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿせᴫᛕࢆᥥࡃ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ ʄ᳨⣴࢚ࣥࢪࣥࡸࡢ㈨ᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ㛵࡛⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ ࣮࠾ࡅࡿィ⏬ࡸ⏬ࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅜෆ࣭ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ୍ࡘࡢࢆ㑅ࡧࠊ࣮࢟࡞ࡿ㡿ᇦࡢ࠶ࡿሙᡤࢆ☜ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋMILࢆྵࡴࡇࡢ࢝ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢィ⏬ࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍ㸽ࡇࡢィ⏬ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ ᖌࡀMIL⯆ࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵࡢ㈨ᩱࡋ࡚ࡎࡗཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽 ʄMILࡢ┠ⓗࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿ༠ࡸ⤌⧊ࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓィ⏬ࢆᩍᖌᥦ౪ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢሗࡸ㈨ᩱ㸦ேࡸ≀㸧ࡣఱࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ? ʄMILࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡸィ⏬ࢆ☜ᐇᡂຌࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡀᩍᮦࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡣḟ࠶ࡆ࡚࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺࡀ࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡢ≧ἣ㐺ᛂ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᪉ἲࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ㒊⨫ࡸᶵ㛵࡛MILࢆ☜ᐇᡂຌ ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡑࡢࡢᥦࢆࣜࢫࢺຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠾ࡍࡍࡵࡍࡿࡶࡢ: ࣭ෆᐜࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿ ࣭ィ⏬ᨻ⟇࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝཧຍ⪅ᨭ⪅ࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿ ࣭ᐇ/⤫ྜ࡞ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉␎ィ⏬ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࣭MILࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢィ⏬ࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࣭ᨭࡍࡿᶵ㛵/༠࡞ࡢ☜ᐃ ࣭⏝࡛ࡁ࡚ㄳồ࡛ࡁࡿ㈨ᩱࡢ☜ᐃ ࣭MILࢥ࣮ࢫィ⏬ࡢࡓࡵࡢホ౯ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢ㛤Ⓨ ࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺࡣ⏕ᚐࡢࡓࡵィ⏬ࡀᡂຌࡍࡿᇶ‽ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊኚ᭦࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸽ࡇࡇ ࡛ࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓ⮬㌟ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᩍ⫱ⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢ ࡼ࠺ᑟධࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⛉┠ࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽ࡑࡢ㛗ᡤ▷ᡤࡣఱ࡛ࡍ㸽࡞ࡿࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆᘬ⏝ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄMILࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᶵ㛵ࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ⦅ᡂ⪅ࠊᩍᖌࡢࡑࢀ ࡒࢀྥࡅࡓィ⏬ࢆࡘࡃࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅋయ࡛ඃඛⓗ࡞ࡇࡸせồࡣఱ࡛ࡍ 㸽MIL࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓேࡧࡢせồࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡢࡢࡼ࠺ᙺ❧ࡘ ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡇྵࡲࢀᚓࡿࡢ㛵ಀᅋయࢆぢࡘࡅࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᅋయࡣ MILࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺࢆྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ㸽 ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ʄUniversity Library Service. 2009. Handbook for Information Literacy Teaching, third revision ʄParis, UNESCO. 2003. Media Education in the Pacific: A Guide for Secondary School Teachers ʄ Teaching information literacy through learning styles: The application of Gardner’s multiple intelligences. Intan Azura Mokhtar, Wee Kim Wee, School of Communication and Information (WKWSCI) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore,2008 ʄBig6. 2010. Teaching Information Literacy Through Literature , Big6 eNewsletter 11.1, 4. www.big6.com 134 ࣭Schannon, C. and Weaver, W.(1949). T he Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press. (᳜ᯇᙪヂࠗ㏻ಙࡢᩘᏛⓗ⌮ㄽ࠘ࡕࡃࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜ,2009) ࣭Schramm,W.(1954). How communication works, Shramm,W.(ed) The Process and Effects of Mass Communication. University of Illinoi Press. ࣭ Berlo.K.D.(1960). The Process of Communication: An Introduction Theory and Practice, Holt, Rinehart and Winson, Inc, New York. (ᕸ␃Ṋ㑻࣭㜿ஂὠ႐ᘯヂࠗࢥ ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣉࣟࢭࢫɆ♫⾜ືࡢᇶ♏⌮ㄽɆ࠘༠ྠฟ∧ 1972): ࣭࣐ࢡ࢙࣮࢘ࣝ/࢘ࣥࢲ࣮ࣝࠊᒣ୰ṇ๛࣭㯮⏣ຬヂࠗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢬɆ࣐ ࢫ࣭ࢥ࣑◊✲ࡢࡓࡵ࠘ᯇ⡱♫,1986 135 ࣀ࣭ࣥࢥ࣭ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 136 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ10㸸ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ᩘ㸸㸶㛫 ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡳ࡞ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏊࡶࡶேࡶࠊ ࣓ࢹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥάືẖ᪥ከࡃࡢ㛫ࢆ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊㄞ⪅㸭 ど⫈⪅ࡣྠࡌࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࢀࡤྠࡌࡼ࠺ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊཷືⓗ࡞ಶேࡢ㞟ࡲࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡼࡾṇ☜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ㸰✀㢮ࡢ࣓ࢹࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅◊✲ࡀ ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㸯ࡘࡵࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᾘ㈝⪅ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ࣓ࢹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙ ࣥ⏘ᴗࡀࠕࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿ࣭ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࠖㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡍࠋ 㸰ࡘࡵࡣࠊሗࡢ㟂せ⌮ㄽࠊࡘࡲࡾㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣሗࢆ✚ᴟⓗㄞࡳࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗ ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⌮ㄽᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ◊✲࡛ࡍࠋ ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣᖺ㱋ࠊධࠊᛶูࠊ⯆࡞ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ≉ᚩࡼ ࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿㄞ⪅ࠊど⫈⪅ᒙࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ㛵㐃⤌⧊ࡀࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆ㛤Ⓨ ࡋࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿࡉࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢ㞟ᅋࢆពࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊᗈ࿌ࡣ≉ᐃࡢᒙࡸࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀၟရࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺㛫ࡸ✵㛫ࢆ㈙࠺ࡢẼࢆ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢸࣞࣅ⏘ᴗ࡛ࡣࠊᗈ࿌ࡣ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢၟရࢆ ࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ⯆ࢆᘬࡃࡼ࠺࡞≉ᐃࡢ␒⤌ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᨺ㏦ᒁࡽࡑࡢ␒⤌ ෆࡢࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡢ㛫ࢆ㈙࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࣓ࢹࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊẖ᪥ぢ⪺ ࡁࡍࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᛂࡣࠊಶேⓗ࣭♫ⓗ▱㆑ࡸࢸࢡࢫࢺ⛣ධࡍࡿ⤒㦂 ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࣓ࢹࡽ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡸሗࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡁࡣࠊಶேⓗ࡞ᛮ ࡸ౯್ほࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᐇ㝿ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢពࢆ΅ⓗㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊཷࡅධࢀࡿሗ ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሗࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠸ྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᫎീࡸ┿㸦࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝࡸࢩ ࣙࢵࢺࡢ㊥㞳ࠊ⦅㞟࡞㸧࠾࠸࡚ពࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࡶࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࡑ ࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡗࡓゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ◊✲⪅ࡣࠊ㞧ㄅࡢㄞ⪅ࡀ 1 ࣮࣌ࢪࢆㄞࡴࡢ㸰⛊⛬ᗘࡋࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࢸࣞࣅࡢሙྜࠊᆺⓗ࡞ࠕࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࠖࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡣ 15 ⛊ 30 ⛊࡛ࠊከࡃࡢど⫈ ⪅ࡣࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡢ㛫ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊྠࡌࠕሙᡤ࡛ࠖᩘ༑⛊ࠊ㞧ㄅࢆࠕࡵࡃࡗࠖࡓࡾࠊࣥ ࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࠕ㜀ぴࠖࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ࡢᾘ㈝⪅⣲᪩ࡃッ࠼ࡅࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢไస⪅ࡣࠊ♫ᒙࡸࠕᚰ⌮Ꮫࠖࡢㄪᰝࠊࡘࡲࡾேࡧࡢែᗘࠊಙ᮲ࠊ 㟂せࠊࢽ࣮ࢬࡢศᯒᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᙉࡃឤッ࠼ࡅࡿᗈ࿌ࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺ࡋࡲࡍࠋ☜ ไస㝕ࡣಶேࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹᛂࡍࡿࡢࢆண ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡑࢀ ࡽࡢㄪᰝࡣከᩘࡢ㞟ᅋࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᛂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸ࢹࢆᥦ౪ࡍ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡞ࡐ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࣓ࢹࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅◊✲ࡣࠊ ᛶูࠊᖺ㱋ࠊ♫㞟ᅋ࠸ࡗࡓ␗࡞ࡿேࡧࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿ ࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿຓࡅ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢไస⪅ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ㛵ಀ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ไస⪅ࡀ≉ᐃࡢ᪉ἲ࡛〇ရࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗ࡚ࡋ࠸ࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿຓࡅ ࡶ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊⱝ⪅ࡀᏛᰯࡢእ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢពࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢሗࡢ௦࠾࠸࡚ࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅◊✲ࡣࠊ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡘࡃࡾࠊࡼࡾຠᯝⓗࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿຓࡅࡶ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 137 ࡇࡢࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢせ࡞ၥ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡧࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢせ࡞ၥ࠸ࡣࠊ ไస⪅࣭ⴭ⪅ࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࡢࡼ࠺ಶࠎேࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⌮ゎᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᵓᡂࡣゎ㔘ࡢ㐨➽ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠊಶࠎேࡣ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ ពࢆࡢࡼ࠺ㄞࡳゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚࣓ࢹࢆࡢࡼ ࠺ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓၥ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ せ㡯┠ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ᕷሙㄪᰝ ʄࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮ゎ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀពࢆㄞࡳゎ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ Ꮫ⩦㡯┠ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢព㆑ㄪᰝɆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡋ࡚ࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅✚ᴟⓗ࡞ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢゎ㔘ࡢ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⌮ゎࡉࢀࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆศᯒࡍࡿ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽࡀᾘ㈝ࡋ㛵ࢃࡿ࣓ࢹࢆࡢࡼ࠺㑅ࡪㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢࡼ࠺ᛂࡍࡿࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࡢỴᐃせᅉ ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ʄไస⪅ࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ேࡧࡀࡢࡼ࠺᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢆ 㞟ࡋㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋሗࠊፗᴦࠊㄪᰝࠊ࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࠊ⌮ゎࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࢹࡢ⏝ ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍᮦ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ேẼࡢ࠶ࡿࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸ㡢ᴦࢆࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺࢧࢺࡽ᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ㈨ᩱࡣㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹࢆ ⏝ࡋᴦࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽ㈨ᩱࡣࠊไస⪅ࡀពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࠊࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡗ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿ⫼ᬒࡸ௦ࡢᐙ᪘࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⌧௦ࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢆࡢࡼ ࠺ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࠊ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐙ᪘ࡣࠊ᪥ࡢ࣓ࢹࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈ ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆゝ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿேẼࡢ࠶ࡿࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ᑐࡍࡿㄞ⪅㸭 ど⫈⪅ࡢᛂࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ␒⤌ࠊせⓏሙே≀ࠊෆᐜࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ㄞ⪅ 㸭ど⫈⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ࠕㄞࡲࢀࠖࠊゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡼࡃࢃࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ ౯್ほࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ␗࡞ࡿ♫㞟ᅋ㸦࠼ࡤᖺ㱋ࡸẸ᪘ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸧ࡢேࡧ ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ⏨ᛶዪᛶࡢⓏሙே≀ࡢᙺࢆ㏫ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ ࣮ࢪࡣࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠊᗈ࿌ࡀ⏝࠸ࡿ⌧௦ⓗ࡞᪉␎ࠊᚰ⌮Ꮫࡸ♫ᒙ࠸ࡗࡓࢱ ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋᗈ࿌ࡢ᪉ἲࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ ࢆศ㢮ࡋࠊ᪥ࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐃࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄྛศ㢮ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿேࡧࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᗈ࿌ࢆ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅࡽ㞟ࡵ ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࡃࡣࠊఱ㸯ࡘࡢၟရࢆ㑅ࡧࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศ㢮ࣆ࣮ ࣝࡍࡿᗈ࿌ࡢᴫせࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࢆྛศ㢮ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ 138 ⏝࠸ࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ʄᫎ⏬ࡸࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊ᪂⪺グࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿ㸰ࡘࡢㄞࡳ᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᢈุⓗ࡞ㄞࡳ᪉ᙺ❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡞ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ࡢ≉ᚩࡸ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ≉ᚩࡸ⫼ᬒࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸ ࢡࢫࢺࡀㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡽཷࡅྲྀࡿከᵝ࡞ᛂࢆࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ᪂⪺ࢆἑᒣㄪࡿࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧௦ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢࢱࢺࣝࢡࢭࢫࡋ࡚ ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࢱࢺࣝࡑࡢᫎ⏬ࡢᐉఏࡽࠊࡑࡢᫎ⏬ࡢෆᐜࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡔീࡋ ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᫎ⏬ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡧࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄ᪥ࡢከࡃࡢᫎ⏬㤋࠾࠸࡚ࠊᫎ⏬ࡀጞࡲࡿ๓ほᐈࡣከࡃࡢᗈ࿌ࢆぢࡏࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋୖ ㏙ࡢάືࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊศᯒࡋࡓᫎ⏬ࡢୖᫎ๓ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐉఏࡀὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ㟼Ṇ⏬ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣື⏬ࢆࡗ࡚ࠊ≉ᐃࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ྥࡅ࡚ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᏛᰯࢆࡾ㎸ ࡴࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ッ࠼ࡿ㐺ษ࡞ࢥࣥࠊࢩࣥ࣎ࣝࠊᫎ ീࠊཱྀ㢌ࡢㄝ᫂ࠊ㡢ᴦࠊⰍࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࡸࣥࢢࣝ࡞ࡢ⏝ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑ ࡢࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗࡀᑐ㇟ࡍࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡣࠊࡑࡢᏛᰯࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚࡶࠊಖㆤ⪅ࠊ Ꮫᰯࡢᙺဨࠊᨻᐙ࡞ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࠶࡞ࡓࡢᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᏛࡸᑓ㛛ᏛᰯࡀࡘࡃࡗࡓᏛᰯࡢᐉఏࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᏛ ᰯࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᐉఏฟ࡚ࡃࡿሙྜࠊᏛ⏕ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡣ ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋぢࡏࡽࢀࡓᏛᰯࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣࡑࡢᐉఏྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᐉఏࡀࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿᏛᰯࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋⓏሙࡍࡿᏛ⏕ࡣᮏ≀ࡢᏛ⏕࡛ࡍࠊࡑࢀࡶࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋᏛ⏕ࡀⓏሙࡋ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓࣮ࢪࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࠊࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆゝ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢᐉఏࡢศᯒᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊㄡࡀࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࡁ࡞࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡢእഃࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓࣈࣛࣥࢻࠊᫎ⏬ࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ ࡞㞧ㄅࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ࣓ࢹၟရࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫ⓗ౯್ࠊⱁ⾡ⓗ౯್ࠊ ᗈ࿌ⓗ౯್ࡀㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ྥࡅ࡚Ⓨಙࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆศᯒࡋࡼ࠺ࠋไస⪅ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡇẼࢆࡘࡅ࡚ၟရࢆࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ㸯ࡘ࡞࠸ࡋࡍ࡚ࡢ௨ୗࡢ⌮⏤ࡼࡗ࡚ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆ㑅ࡧ⏝ ࡍࡿᙇࡋࡓࠊࣈ࣐࣮ࣝ࢝ࢵࢶ㸦1974㸧ࡢㄪᰝࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣭㌿㸸᪥ᖖࡽࡢ㏨㑊 ࣭ಶேⓗ࡞⤒㦂㸸ࢸࣞࣅࡢⓏሙே≀ࡸࠕᐙ᪘ࠖ⮬ศࢆ㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿ ࣭ಶேࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸ㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ⌧ࢀࡿ⾜ືࡸែᗘࠊ౯್ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ Ꮫ⩦࡛ࡁࡿ ࣭ㄪᰝ㸸࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡗ࡚࠶࡞ࡓࡢ࿘ࡾࡢୡ⏺࡛ఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࢆᏛࡧࠊኳẼணሗࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ㑅ᣲ⤖ᯝ࡞࠸ࡗࡓ᪥ᖖ⏕άᙺ❧ࡘሗࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࡗ࡚ୖグࡢ⌮⏤ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ࠶࡞ࡓࡢே⏕ࡸ࠶࡞ࡓ ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢே⏕࠾ࡅࡿ≉ᐃࡢࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄᗈ࿌࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢᴫせࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ ʄMIL ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢዲࡲࡋ࠸ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣᑐ❧ࡍࡿㄞࡳ᪉ ʄᏛᰯࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡢࢥ࣮ࣛࢪࣗ ʄࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ 139 ʄࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ ௨ୗࡢ㈨ᩱࡣ⡿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡶࡋࡃࡣㄝ᫂┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡼࡾ㛵㐃ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㈨ ᩱࡣࠊࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿே㛫ࡢᆅᇦࡸᅜࡢᐇྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢࢆ᥈ࡋࡓ࠺ࡀ ࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᗈ࿌ࡢ௦㸦 Advertising Age 㸧Ɇwww.adage.com ⏘ᴗⓗ࡞ฟ∧ࠊᗈ࿌㈝ࠊᡓ␎ࡢሗ࿌ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡞ࡿㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢㄪᰝ࡞ ʄㄝᚓ⪅ࡓࡕ㸦 The Persuaders – Frontline 㸧Ɇwww.pbs.org ᮏ␒⤌ࡣᕷሙㄪᰝᗈ࿌ࡢᡓ␎ࡀ㉎㈙⪅ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡑࡢ ࿘ࡾࡢୡ⏺ࢆࡢࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢆ᥈✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ90 ศࡢࡇࡢࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜ ࡣࠊᗈ⠊ᅖࡢୡ⏺ࡢᗈ࿌࣭ᕷሙㄪᰝࡢᑓ㛛ᐙほᐹ⪅ࢆྲྀᮦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ PBS ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡢ㸴ࡘࡢᢤ⢋࠾࠸࡚ࠊ␒⤌ࡍ࡚ࢆほࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ʄࡗࡇ࠸࠸ᐉఏ㸦 The Merchants of Cool – Frontline 㸧Ɇwww.pbs.org ࡇࡢ␒⤌ࡣⱝ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡓᕷሙㄪᰝࡢୡ⏺ࠊࠕࡗࡇ࠸࠸ࠖ᥈ồ⪅ࡢࠊࠕࡗࡇࡼࡉࠖ ࡢࡾ᪉ࢆ᥈✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ʄ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ ࢿ ࢵ ࢺ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᫎ ⏬ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࣋ ࣮ ࢫ 㸦 The Internet Movie Data Base 㸧 Ɇwww.imdb.com ⏘ᴗࡉࢀࡓᅜࡢᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅࢆㄪࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡗࡶໟᣓⓗ࡞ࢧࢺ࡛ࡍࠋಶࠎࡢస ရࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࠊᙺ⪅ࠊࢪࣕࣥࣝࠊᕷሙㄪᰝࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ㄪᰝ࡞࠸ࡗࡓ㇏ᐩ ࡞ሗࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ 140 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ 11㸸࣓ࢹࠊᢏ⾡ᆅ⌫ᮧ ⫼ᬒ᰿ᣐ ᡤ᭷ᶒࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣓ࣙࣥࢹࡢ⟶⌮ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶὶ㏻㐣 ⛬ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ⮬⏤ヰࡋࠊ⮬⏤ฟ∧ࡍࡿάືࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ẹ⩏ ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢ⊂❧ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ࣓ࢹ ࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡸ㞠⏝⪅ࡢᨻ⤒῭ⓗ㛵ᚰᕥྑࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ᢈホᐙࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡽࡣỈ㠃ୗࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࡢከࡃࡣ࠶ࡽࡉࡲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐃ ᆺࡉࢀ⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹࡢ⤫ไࡣࠊᘏࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᨻⓗ㸦ࡑࡋ࡚ᆅᨻᏛⓗ㸧࡞ ⌧ᐇࠊ₯ᅾⓗࡣᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ㞟୰ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀᆅᇦⓗ࣭ᆅ⌫つᶍ࡛ࡢ⦅ 㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶ࣓ࢹࡢከᵝᛶࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋ࣓ࢹࡢᙧែࡢ」㞧ࡉࡀቑࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊࡶࡣࡸ࣓ࢹࡣࡽ༡ὶࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ༡ࡽࠊ༡ࡽ༡ ὶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡃࡽࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡢ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࡢᙧែኚࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୡ⏺ࡢ༙ࡢᅜࠎ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡣၟᴗⓗ࡞Ẹ㛫ᴗ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ ࡣࠊ⚾ⓗᡤ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㠀ᨻᗓ⤌⧊ࡢࡼ࠺㠀ၟᴗⓗ㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࠊ࡞ࡣᨻᗓࡀᡤ ᭷ࡋ㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᨺ㏦ศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫሗࣔࢹ ࣝࡢᨺ㏦ᒁࡀࠊၟᴗⓗࡘᨻᗓᡤ᭷ࡢ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞࣓ࢹࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞࣓ࢹࡢⓎᒎࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᡤ᭷ࡢ࣓ࢹࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢸᡤ᭷ࡢ࣓ࢹࡣࠊᆅᇦఫẸࢆ㐠Ⴀྵࡵࠊ♫ࡢ࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓேࡧኌࢆ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⤒῭ᕷሙ࠾ࡅࡿᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍Ṍࡣࠊ㉺ቃⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ」ྜᴗࢆཧ⪃ࡋࡘࡘࠊ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹᴗࡢᡂ㛗ࢆಁࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ㉺ቃⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ」ྜᴗࡢᶒຊ ᙳ㡪ຊࡣࠊᆅ⌮ࠊ⤒῭ࠊᨻⓗ࡞㞀ቨࢆࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢢࣝɆࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹᴗࡣࠊ ᆅᇦ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴗࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⊂༨⚗Ṇἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࢀ ࡽ࣓ࢹᴗࡢ⼥ྜࡣᅜෆእࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ྜేࡸ㈙ࢆಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢ࣐ ࢫ࣓ࢹࡢ⤌⧊ࡣሗ㏻ಙࠊ࢙࢘ࣈ࣭ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊፗᴦ㸦ᫎ⏬ࢸࣞࣅࢤ࣮࣒㸧 ࣅࢪࢿࢫ࡞ࢆ༠ຊᴗ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐃ᦠࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡋࡃ ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓ࣓ࢹᴗࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞つᶍ࡛࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࠊኌࡀࠊ༳ๅࠊᨺ ㏦ࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ࠸ࡗࡓከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹᙧែ࡛ࡶࡣࡸ㐲㝸ᆅࡢᮧࡉ࠼ᒆࡃ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ ᙉຊ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹࡢฟ⌧ࡣࠊᣮᡓᶵࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᩥࡢྠ୍ࡢ༴㝤ࢆ♧ ၀ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᏛ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ࣓ࢹࡀᩥⓗከᵝᛶࠊከඖᛶ ࡢᶵࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ኌࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤᆅ᪉ࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀ⡆༢ ไసࠊඹ᭷ࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹࡣᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞㧗Ỉ‽ࡢ ⬟ຊࡸ㈨※ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢୖࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹࢆࡋ࡚ࠊẼೃኚືࠊࣃࣥࢹ ࣑ࢵࢡ㸦⇿Ⓨⓗឤᰁ㸧ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ⥔ᣢࡢ༴ᶵ࠸ࡗࡓୡ⏺つᶍ࡛㐍ᒎ୰ࡢㄢ㢟㛵ࡋ࡚ຠ ᯝⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡉࡽᨻ⤒῭ⓗ࡞ᢚᅽࡼࡗ࡚ᾘࡉࢀ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉ࡸᅜෆࡢከࡃࡢ≀ㄒࡀࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹࡼࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ ୰᫂ࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᨻⓗ࡞≧ἣ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ⏘ᴗࡢᙳ㡪ࡣኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࠊබⓗ࡞ሙ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹᙧែࡢᗈࡲࡾྠᵝࠊࡁ࡞ሗࡢ⤒㊰ࡀᅜෆእࡢ㸰 ᪉ྥ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࡍ࡚ᐶᐜ⌮ゎࢆ⫱ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ ࣓ࢹࡣࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᖜᗈ࠸㑅ᢥ⮬⏤ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ 141 ࡍࠋ ᗈࡃ⾜ࡁΏࡗࡓၟᴗⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊᗈ࿌ࡀ࡞ධ※࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ὀ┠್ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡣࠊᏑᅾࡋ㸦┈ࢆୖࡆ㸧ࠊ⤒ႠࡢほⅬࡽᣢ⥆ⓗ ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚⊂❧ᛶᕷẸࡽࡢಙ㢗ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ୧᪉ࡢせ⣲ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡞࠸࠸ࡅࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᮏࣔࢪ࣮࡛ࣗࣝࡣࠊ≉ᑠࡉ࡞ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞࣓ࢹࡀ᪥ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ ࣝ࡞࣓ࢹ⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺㆟ㄽࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᴦほⓗ࡞ᒎᮃࢆᥥࡁࡓ࠸ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋሗ㐨࣓ࢹࡢࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶࡲࡓ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡀ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢧࢺࢆྵࡵࡓᑡᩘࡢᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ሗ㐨ᒁᑐࡋ ࡚࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࢹࡣᏛᰯࡸᆅᇦࠊ⫋ሙタ ⨨ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡭ࣓ࢹ௦ࢃࡿ࣓ࢹ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࠕᑠࡉ࡞࣓ࠖࢹ ࣭ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࡀ▱ࡿᶒࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊᆅ᪉ࡢேࡧᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢኌࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸸 㸯㸬᪥ࡢᆅ⌫ᮧ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ 㸰㸬ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡢ♫ᩥⓗ࣭ᨻⓗഃ㠃 㸱㸬ሗࡢඹ᭷ 㸲㸬࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢⓏሙ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸯㸸᪥ࡢᆅ⌫ᮧ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᆅ⌫つᶍࡢ⤒῭ࠊ㟁Ꮚබ࿌ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠊ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ⟶⌮ ʄ⚾ⓗ࡞㸦ၟᴗⓗ㸧࣓ࢹࠊᨻᗓᡤ᭷ࡶࡋࡃࡣ⟶⌮ࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹࠊබⓗ࡞࣓ࢹ⤌ ⧊ࠊ࠼ࡤබⓗ࡞ᨺ㏦ไᗘ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࢹ ʄᢏ⾡ࡢ⼥ྜ㸦࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗ㏻ಙࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣓ࢹᴗ」ྜయࡢⓏ ሙ ʄከᵝᛶ㞟୰㸦࣓ࢹࡢ㐃ᦠࠊࢡࣟࢫ࣮࢜ࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ㸧 ʄ㈙ࠊྜేࠊඹྠᴗࠊྜేᴗ ʄࢺࣛࣥࢫ࣭ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣜࢬ࣒㸦ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹᴗ㸧 ʄ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿ⓗࠊᅜෆⓗ࡞༠ᐃ ʄ⊂༨⚗Ṇἲ ʄእᅜࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡢ㝈⏺ ʄࡑࡢࡢつไࡸ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࠊࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣑ࣛࣥࢢ ʄእᅜࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶᑐᅜ⏘ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ ʄእ㒊ጤクࠊᾏእጤクࠊᐙᗞጤク ʄ⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶᡤ᭷⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㛫࠶ࡿ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀ 142 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ࣓ࢹᡤ᭷ᶒ⟶⌮ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ⤒῭ࡢస⏝ࠊ᪂ᢏ⾡ࡢฟ⌧ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᵓ㐀ᙧែᑐࡋ࡚ ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ʄ࣓ࢹᡤ᭷ᶒ⟶⌮ࡀ࣓ࢹࡢᨻ⟇ࠊ㐣⛬ࠊෆᐜࠊኚ㑄ࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࢆ ホ౯ࡍࡿ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢ⼥ྜࡀࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸦⦅㞟㸧㛤Ⓨࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆࡢࡼ࠺ಁ㐍ࡍࡿ ࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤእ㒊ጤクࠊᾏእጤクࠊᐙᗞጤク࡞ࠋ ʄ᪤Ꮡࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞័⩦ࡸᅜෆἲ࣭ᨻ⟇ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋつไࡍࡿ ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᅜᐙࡢ࣓ࢹ⤫ไࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ⊂༨ⓗ࡞ᡤ᭷ࡣ࣓ࢹࡢከᵝᛶከඖᛶ 㔜࡞༴ᶵࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡢ༴ᶵࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋ➇தࡸつไࡣ⊂༨ࢆ 㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼ᑓ㛛ᛶࡸࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⊂❧ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋほⅬࡢከᵝᛶࡣࠊ␗࡞ࡿࢱࣉࡢ࣓ࢹ㸦༳ๅࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿ ࢵࢺ࡞㸧ྠᵝࠊከᵝ࡞ᙧែࡢᡤ᭷㸦බⓗࠊ⚾ⓗࠊ㠀Ⴀ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ㆟ㄽࡢࡓࡵ㸸ከᵝ࡛ᑐ❧ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡽࡢሗࢆྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾᗈ⠊ᬑཬࡉࡏࡿࡇࡣࠊ ேࡧࡢ⦾ᰤࡗ࡚ᚲせྍḞ࡛ࡍࠋศ㞳ࡋ࡚ᡤ᭷ࡉࢀࡿ᪂⪺♫ࡸᨺ㏦ᒁࡣ୍⯡࠸ ࢆᢈุࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊඹ㏻ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ࣓ࢹࡢ㞟୰ࡣࠊ༑ศ࡞ᢈุࢆࡶࡓࡽࡉࡎࠊ ༢࡞ࡿ⮬ᕫᐉఏ⤊ࢃࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ◊✲ ࣓ࢹᡤ᭷⪅ࡢᨻ⤒῭ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࡀࡢࡼ࠺≉ᐃศ㔝ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᪤Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ุ᩿ࢽ࣮ࣗ ࢫࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸱ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⪅ ࡣఱࡀ⤫ไࡢ⛬ᗘࢆỴᐃ࡙ࡅࡿせ⣲࡞ࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᩥ⬦ศᯒ ␗࡞ࡿᡭࡢࢸࣞࣅᒁ㸦⚾ⓗᡤ᭷ࠊᨻᗓᡤ᭷ࠊබⓗᡤ᭷ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠎⓗሗ 㐨ࡉࢀࡿᅜෆၥ㢟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࣥࢢࣝ㸦≉ᐃࡢほⅬࡸどⅬ㸧ࡸ୍㐃ࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢྲྀᢅ࠸㸦ሗ ࿌࡞ࡢࠊᡭࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆẚ㍑ᑐ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ౯್ุ᩿ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ Ⓨᒎࡉࡏࡿ㐣⛬ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸰ࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸱ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ඪὴᑐ㠀ඪὴࠊ⚾ⓗ࡞ᡤ᭷ᑐᨻᗓᡤ᭷ࠊᅜ❧Ꮫᰯᑐබ❧Ꮫᰯ࠸ࡗࡓࠊ␗࡞ࡿ≧ἣ࠾ ࡅࡿᏛᰯࡢห⾜≀ࡢ⦅㞟᪉㔪ࢆࡾ㏉ࡾࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᡤ᭷ᶒࡀⓎ⾜ࡸ⦅㞟ෆᐜ࡞ᙳ㡪 ࡍࡿࡢࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ≉ᐃࡢ᪥ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㡯┠㛵ࡍࡿ CNN ࣝࢪࣕࢪ࣮ࣛࡢሗ㐨ࢆࡾ㏉ࡾࠊࡑࡢࢽ࣮ࣗ ࢫ㛵ࡍࡿࣥࢢࣝࡸᢅ࠸ࢆẚ㍑ᑐ↷ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ᨻᗓᗈሗ㛵ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊせ࡞࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࡢᡤ᭷⪅㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊྍ⬟ ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢࡢၟᴗⓗ࣭ᨻⓗ㛵ᚰࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ⤖ᯝ ࡣࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ࡛♧ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ 143 ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⟶⌮㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ʄ◊✲ࡢཧຍ ʄᩥ⬦ศᯒᇶ࡙ࡃࢹࡢグ㘓 ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ࣓ࢹ㛵ಀࡍࡿ㐀ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗࡢฟ⌧ ʄࢤ࣮࣒㛤Ⓨࠋ᪉ྥࡢፗᴦ⏝ࢯࣇࢺ ʄ㟁Ꮚฟ∧ ʄᫎ⏬ࠊࣅࢹ࢜ࠊ┿ ʄࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢯࣇࢺࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ʄࡑࡢ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸰㸸ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡋࡓ࣓ࢹࡢ♫ᩥⓗ࣭ᨻⓗഃ㠃 ᩘ㸸㸱㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹࡢ♫ᩥⓗഃ㠃 ࣭࣓ࢹ⌧௦ᩥ ࣭ᩥⓗࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱࣉࠊ೫ぢ೫ྥ ࣭ᩥྠ୍ࡢ༴㝤ᛶ ࣭ᩥࡢከᵝᛶከඖᛶࡢಖド ࣭࣓ࢹᩥⓗᐶᐜࠊ⌮ゎᆅ⌫ᕷẸ ʄ࣓ࢹࡢᨻⓗᙳ㡪 ࣭ሗࡀ㸰᪉ྥὶࢀࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸦ࡽ༡ࠊ༡ࡽ༡㸧 ࣭බඹᅪ㸦Ẹⓗ࡞₇ㄝ㸧ࢆᗈࡆࡿᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹ ࣭ᨻⓗ♫ⓗືဨࡢ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࢹ ࣭ୡㄽࡸබⓗ࡞᪉㔪ࡢᙧᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹࡢຊ ࣭㏱᫂ᛶࡸㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓⰋ࠸⤫ࡢ᥎㐍 ʄ࣓ࢹ⛣Ẹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹᢏ⾡ࡢ⼥ྜࡀࡢࡼ࠺⛣Ẹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢࢽ࣮ࢬྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ ʄࢹࢫ࣏ࣛ࡞ࠊ⛣Ẹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ࣓ࢹ⤒㊰㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺⌧௦ᩥᙳ㡪ࡋࠊ⌧௦ᩥࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿㄝ᫂ࡋࠊᥥࡃ ʄᩥྠ୍ᆅ᪉࠸࠺ᑐࡢ㐣⛬ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຊᏛࡀാࡃࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ ʄ࣓ࢹࡀࡢࡼ࠺බඹᅪࠊᨻཧຍࡸẸࢆᗈࡵࡓࡾ⊃ࡵࡓࡾࡋ࠺ࡿࡢࢆศᯒ ࡍࡿ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞࣓ࢹ㸦⾨ᫍࢸࣞࣅࠊࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞㸧ࡀࡢࡼ ࠺⛣Ẹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢሗࢽ࣮ࢬྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࠺ࡿࡢࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ 144 ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹᙧែࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒ ࣓ࢹࡀ⌧௦ᩥࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡋࠊỴᐃ࡙ࡅࡿࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࣓ࢹࡀ ᪂ࡋ࠸ፗᴦᩥ࠾࠸࡚ᩥࡢྠ୍ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡢࠊከᵝࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡢࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ ࠺ࠋ ⌧௦ࡢすὒⓗ࡞ḷࠊᆅ᪉ࡢ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ḷࢆࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᩥⓗ࡞౯್ࡀḷモ ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ౯್ࡀ≧ἣ↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏ࡚㐺ษࡘᮃࡲࡋ࠸ ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ≉ᐃࡢ᐀ᩍࠊᩥࠊẸ᪘㞟ᅋ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜࡸᫎ⏬ࢆほ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢ㞟ᅋࡢࢫࢸࣞ࢜ࢱࣉ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡗࡓࡾᙉࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊヰ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࣓࣮ࢪࡸゝⴥࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ೫ぢࡸ೫ྥࢆᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿせ⣲ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ᩥ⬦ศᯒ ᑠᏛᰯࡢඣ❺ࡢ㛫࡛ὶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡸࢻࣝࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀὶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤ࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒ㄪ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆ㞟ࡵࡓᚋࠊ௨ୗࡢほⅬࡽὶ⾜ࢆศᯒ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸦a㸧እᅜࡢࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡸࢻࣝᅜ⏘ࡢࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡸࢻࣝࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࡃࡽ࠸࠶ࡿ 㸦b㸧ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓὶ⾜ࡀዲࡲࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ㸦࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࣄ࣮࣮ࣟ ࡸࢻࣝࡀᏊࡶࡓࡕぢࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞㸧 㸦c㸧ከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡽࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡸࢻࣝࡼࡗ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡿ౯್ほ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹປാ⪅ྥࡅⓎ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨ᩱࢆ࠸ࡃࡘㄞࡳࠊ࣓ࢹ ࡢ␒⤌ࢆほࡼ࠺ࠋⓎ⾜≀࠾ࡅࡿඹ㏻ࡢ㡯┠ࡸࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ⛣Ẹࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿᅜ࠾ࡼࡧ⛣Ẹࡢฟ㌟ᅜ㛵ಀࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀࠊ㐺ษࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋ ࡻ࠺ࠋ ◊✲ ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡸᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㛤Ⓨࠊேᶒ࡞࠸ࡗࡓᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓၥ㢟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᅋ య㸦WWF ࡸࣉ࣭ࣛࣥࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㸧ࡼࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿࣈࣟࢢࡸࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢࣅࢹ࢙࢜࢘ࣈࢧࢺࡸࡑࡢࡢࢧࢺࢆ㜀ぴࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ᪉ྥࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ಁ㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢧࢺࢆࡳࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ⌫ᕷẸࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺ヰࡋ ྜ࠸ࡸྜពᙧᡂࢆ⾜࠺ࡢࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ၥ㢟᥈✲ᆺࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࣭◊✲ ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ᩍᖌࡣ⛣Ẹࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢேࡧࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡼ࠺ 㸦a㸧ฟ㌟ᅜࡢ⌧ᅾࡢฟ᮶ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦b㸧ṇ☜ࡉࠊ୍㈏ᛶࠊᛶ࠸ࡗࡓほⅬࡽࠊฟ㌟ᅜࡢ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡸฟ᮶ 㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡢሗ࿌ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦c㸧ฟ㌟ᅜࡽࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡸሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࡢ⥔ᣢ㛵ࡍࡿ♫ᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ◊✲ሗ࿌ ʄࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࠊᩥ⬦ศᯒࠊ◊✲㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ 145 ʄࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡸࠊࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢཧຍ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄ࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣒࣭࣓ࣜࢹࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࠊࢽ࣮࣓ࣗࢹ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡸே✀࣭Ẹ᪘ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟 ʄ࣓ࢹ♫࠾ࡅࡿᛶᭀຊ ʄࣉࣛࣂࢩ࣮ࠕ♫ࡢᭀ㟢ࠖ ʄẸ᪘ᅜᐙࡢᙅయࠕ㉸ᅜᐙࠖ㸦ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡸୡ⏺㈠᫆ᶵ㛵ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡓ࡞⤫ᶵ㛵㸧ࡢฟ ⌧ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸱㸸ሗࡢඹ᭷ ᩘ㸸㸰㸬㸳㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ♫ⓗ㸦බⓗ㸧⏘≀⏕άᚲ㟂ရࡋ࡚ࡢሗ ࣭ၟᴗ࣓ࢹྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡢᗈ࿌ ࣭࣓ࢹၟရࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡢど⫈⋡Ⓨ⾜㒊ᩘ ࣭ᾘ㈝ᩥࡢ༴㝤㸦ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ vs ḧᮃ㸧 ʄ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ሗ࠾ࡅࡿ᪉␎ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ʄ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒබ᭷㈈⏘ሗ ࣭ⴭసᶒᶵᐦሗᶒ ࣭බ᭷㈈⏘ሗ ࣭⮬⏤࡛࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢯ࣮ࢫࡢࢯࣇࢺࢡ࢚ࣜࢸࣈ࣭ࢥࣔࣥࢬ Ꮫ⩦㡯 ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄሗࡢ᪥ᖖࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ ʄሗࢆ᪥ᖖࡍࡿ㝿ࡢከᵝ࡞᪉␎ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ ʄ࣓ࢹࡀᾘ㈝ᩥࡢࡼ࠺᰿࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠊ≉࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀࢹ ࡸၟရࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆࡿࡓࡵࢽ࣮ࢬࡸḧᮃࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࡘࡃࡾࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆㄝ᫂ ࡍࡿࠋ ʄᶵᐦሗᶒබ᭷㈈⏘ሗࢆ༊ูࡋࠊሗࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࢡࢭࢫඹ㏻ࡢ┈ཷᐜࡢࡓ ࡵࡢබ᭷㈈⏘ሗࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ᩥ⬦ศᯒ ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᩘ᪥㛫ࠊᡭࡢ᪂⪺ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ␒⤌ࡢ⤒῭グࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ᪥ᖖ ⓗࡣࠊ⚾ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿグࠊ⤒῭㠃యࡢグࡢᩘࢆࡒ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊᴗ㛵ࡍ ࡿࠕⰋ࠸ࠖࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊࠕᝏ࠸ࠖࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊࠕ୰❧ⓗ࡞ࠖࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆศ㢮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ၥ㢟᥈✲ᆺࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࣭◊✲ ࡲࡎᩍဨࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᑠᏛᰯࡢඣ❺ 10 ྡᑐࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡸၟရࡀ࡞ࡐዲࡁ࡞ ࡢࢆᑜࡡ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣඣ❺ࡢ⟅࠼ࢆ↷ྜࡋࠊୖࡢ⟅࠼ࢆၟရࡢᗈ࿌ẚ㍑ࡍࡿࠋ 146 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ᩍဨࡣ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃ࡑࡢሗࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࢡࢭࢫࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒࡢṔྐⓗ⫼ᬒࠊ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠊၥ㢟 ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ≉ᐃࡢࠊ㏵ୖᅜࡀ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒᑐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࢆㄪ࡚࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡾ㏉ࡾ ᩍဨࡣ᪂⪺Ⓨ⾜㒊ᩘࡢ᭱᪂ࢹ࣮ࢱࠊᅜෆࡢᨺ㏦ᒁࡢど⫈⋡ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞ࢆධᡭࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ ࠺ࠋཷㅮ⏕ࡣࡑࡢ࡞࡛ࡶ᭱ࡢⓎ⾜㒊ᩘࢆࡿ᪂⪺♫ࡢ⦅㞟ෆᐜࡸࠊ㧗ど⫈⋡ࢆグ㘓ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࢸࣞࣅᒁࡢ␒⤌ࡢᙧᘧࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࡢάືࡽᏛ⩦ࡋࡓࡇࡘ࠸࡚࢚ࢵࢭࢆ᭩ ࡇ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄࢸࢡࢫࢺศᯒࠊᩥ⬦ศᯒࠊ◊✲㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ ʄ◊✲࣭◊✲ሗ࿌ ʄࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡸࠊࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢཧຍ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄ▱㆑ሗ♫ ʄࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࢹࣂࢻࠊ▱㆑᱁ᕪ ʄሗࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࢡࢭࢫ㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࠋ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒබ᭷㈈⏘ሗ ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢⓏሙ ᩘ㸸㸰㸬㸳㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ㸸࡞ࡐⓏሙࡋࡓ ࣭࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣒࣭࣓ࣜࢹࡢබࡢಙ㢗ᛶ ࣭ሗ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡢฟ⌧ ࣭࣓ࢹ⩦័ᾘ㈝⪅ࡢዲࡳࡢኚ ʄ࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣒࣭࣓ࣜࢹᑐẚࡋ࡚࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ⟶⌮ᡤ᭷ᶒ⟶⌮ࡢẸ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅㸸␗࡞ࡿᒙ㸦ዪᛶࠊⱝ࠸ேࡧࠊᏊࡶࠊປ ാ⪅࡞㸧ࠊ࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓ㞟ᅋ㸦ᩥⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊ⛣Ẹ࡞㸧࡞ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢどⅬࡸࠊཧຍ᪉ྥࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ㐣⛬ ʄ㏱᫂ᛶࠊከᵝᛶ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤࠸ࡗࡓࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢᙺ ʄ␗࡞ࡿ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࢆ⏬ࡋࠊ㐠Ⴀࡋࠊ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ ࣭Ꮫᰯ࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ ࣭࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿධࣔࢹࣝ 147 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ᰿ᣐࠊ≉ᚩࠊ⏝ ʄ༳ๅࠊᨺ㏦ࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ࠸ࡗࡓከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹᙧែࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ ࡢࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣒࣭࣓ࣜࢹࢆ༊ูࡍࡿ⦅㞟㐣⛬㸦⏬ࠊ ไసࠊ㓄ᕸ㸧ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ʄ≉ᐃࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࠊ≉࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ⯆㛵ᚰࢆᢅ࠸ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே ࡧኌࢆ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ ʄᏛᰯࡢᩥ⬦ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢタࢆ⏬ࡍࡿࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ◊✲ ≌ᘬⓗ࡞ᙺࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢ㸦࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢃࡿࡶࡢࡶ ࠶ࡿ㸧ࢆㄪࠊ௨ୗࡢศ㔝࠾࠸࡚࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࢆ⏬ࡋ㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ ࡛ࠊⰋ࠸ᐇ㊶ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋ ʄၥ㢟ࡢ⏬㸦≀ㄒࡢࢹࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㸧 ʄᐇࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࠊㄪ㐩ࡍࡿ ʄࢹ࣮ࢱࡸሗࢆฎ⌮ࡋࠊᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ ʄ⦅㞟㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㸦ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅㸧ࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ʄ⦅㞟ࡸ┈㠃࡛ࡢ㐠Ⴀ ʄㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢᣑࠊ⥔ᣢ ʄ┈ࢆୖࡆࡿ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣⰋ࠸ᐇ㊶ࡢᣦᶆࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࣜࢫࢺࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ ʄ㠉᪂ⓗ ʄ㐀ⓗ ʄᅵ╔ⓗ ʄ༳㇟ⓗ ʄຠᯝⓗ ʄཧຍⓗ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢゼၥ ཷㅮ⏕ࡣ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ᐇᆅㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ⦅㞟⪅ࠊ 㐠Ⴀ⪅ࠊグ⪅ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⾜࠾࠺ࠋࡲࡓ⦅㞟ࡸ㐠Ⴀ᪉㔪ࠊᐇ㊶ࢆ࣓ࣥࢫࢺ࣮࣒࣭ࣜ ࣓ࢹᴗẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽほᐹࡋࡼ࠺ࠋㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣࠊ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ 㛵ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࢆグ㍕ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ෆᐜࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ሗ※ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ෆᐜࡢࣥࢢࣝ㸦≉ᐃࡢどⅬࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡸྲྀᢅ࠸㸦ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ ᡭࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ ʄࡢࡼ࠺ධࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ ʄど⫈⋡ࡸⓎ⾜㒊ᩘࡢほⅬࡽࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᡂᯝࢆホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࣓ࢹไస 148 ᩍဨࡣ࿘㎶ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢆゼࢀࠊᚲせ࡞ሗࡸ᮲௳ࢆỴࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡸ ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋసᡂࡋࡓᫎീࢆ You Tube ࡸ࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ࡛㓄ಙ ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡼࡾࡼ࠸༳㇟ࢆ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㡢ᴦࡸࡢせ⣲ࢆࡅຍ࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ◊✲ ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹࡢไస ʄ࢜ࣝࢱࢼࢸࣈ࣭࣓ࢹ⤌⧊ࢆゼၥࡍࡿᐇᆅㄪᰝࡢሗ࿌᭩ ʄࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡸࠊࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢཧຍ ࡉࡽ⪃࠼ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㡯┠ ʄࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢሗ࿌ࡸᨺ㏦ ʄᑐ❧ⓗ࣭ៅ㔜ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡁሗ࿌ࠊᖹሗ㐨 149 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸱࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸳㸸ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⦅㞟ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࣞࢱࢵࢳ㸦⏬ീಟṇ㸧 సᴗ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄᢏ⾡ࡢ㆑ู⏝ࠊࣅࢹ࢜ࡢୖᡭ࡞᧯సࡢࡓࡵࡢࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢫࢳ࣮ࣝ⏬ീ ʄࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ⏝ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨 ʄࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿ┈┈ ʄࣇ࢛ࢺࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢಙ㢗ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡿሗࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢಶࠎࡢ⬟ຊ㛵ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡢᙳ㡪 Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ⏬ീ᧯స࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡓ౯್ほࡢศᯒ ʄࣇ࢛ࢺࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ⏬ീฎ⌮ᢏ⾡ࡢ᳨ウ ʄ⏬ീฎ⌮ࢯࣇࢺࡢ⏝ ʄ᧯సࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീཷࡅᡭ࠾ࡅࡿᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ☜ㄆ ʄ⏬ീ᧯సࡢ⌮ୖ࠾ࡅࡿഃ㠃ࡢศᯒ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲ ʄ௨ୗᥦ♧ࡋࡓグ㏙ᘬ⏝ᩥࡘ࠸࡚ពぢࢆ㏙࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᩥ❶ࢆ᥎ᐹࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┿ࢆࡼࡾ᪩ࡃࠊࡼࡾຠ⋡ⓗಟṇࡋࡓࡾࠊ࣍ࣥࣔ ࣀࡑࡗࡃࡾ⌧ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ┿ᐙࡣࠊ㏆ ௦ⓗ࡞ࠊ࡚ࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ㒊ศⓗᵓᡂࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ⌧௦ࡢᢏ⾡ ⪅ࡢ௰㛫ධࡾࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾᫎീࢆࡾಖᏑࡍࡿྠᴗ⪅ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ ࡓࡕ୍⥴సᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ(࣐࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࣈࣟࣥࢫ࣮࢟) ࣭10 ᖺ༢࡛ࡾ㏉ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ 1992 ᖺࡢᕷẸࡀࡗࡓࣟࢧࣥࢮࣝࢫࡢᭀ ືࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㆙ᐹࡀẀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࣅࢹ࢜ࢆぢ࡚ᛮ㆟ᛮ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ༑௦ࡢࣔࣝࣄࢿᖖ ⩦⪅ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᦠᖏᆺࣅࢹ࣓࢜࢝ࣛࢆ᪥ᖖⓗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿୡ௦ࡣࠊ㏥ᒅ࡞⏬ീࢆ㩭ࡸ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊㄝᚓຊࡢ࠶ࡿࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥධࢀ㎸ࡴ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡍࡂ࡞ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᗈ࿌ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎീࡢᕦጁ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡣࠊ㧗ᗘ࡞ⱁ⾡ⓗ⾲⌧࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡀࣅࢹ࢜ࢆࡋ࡚⌧ᐇࢆ▱ࡽࡉࢀࡿࡁࠊࡶࡣࡸ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ┠ࢆಙ⏝ࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ☜ᅛࡋࡓಙ㢗ᛶࡢᣦᶆࢆ᥈ࡍ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ (www.saffo.com/ essays/texthotnewmedium.php) ࣭⏬ീࡸࣅࢹ࢜ࡢ᧯సࡣࠊሗࡢṇ☜ᛶ῝้࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࣓ࢹ ࡢ୰࡛ཷࡅධࢀ㞴࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋドᣐࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᧯సࡉࢀࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࡣࠊࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡸἲⓗ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⏝ࡍࡁ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࣭ ࠕ⚾ࡣࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࡀఱୡ⣖ࡶࢃࡓࡗ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ┿⏬ീࢆࡍࡿࡢ ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞⮬⏤ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡶࡣࡸࠊ≀⌮Ꮫ⌧ᐇࡢἲ๎ࡼࡗ࡚ጉࡆࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠖ㸦┿ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ⏬ീಟṇ⪅ࡢࣂ࣮࣭ࣜࣈࣛࢵࢡ࣐ࣥ㸧 ʄ⏬ീ࣭ᫎീฎ⌮ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ⌧ᅾྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽᢏ⾡ࡢ 150 ኚࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄୖグࡢ◊✲ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡀࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸሗ㐨ࡢୡ⏺࡛ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆぢࡘ ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ⏘ᴗ࡛ാࡃேࡧࡢࡓࡵࡢࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ ⏝ࢆࡵࡄࡿㄽதࢆ᥈ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄேࡧࡀࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ♫ㄝࡸࣇ࢛ࢺࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ⏬ീᛂࡍࡿ≧ἣࡢ⛬ᗘ ࡇࢀࡽᢏ⾡ࡢ▱㆑ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋேࡧࡸฟ᮶ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᥥ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡢࡼ࠺ほ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ࡇࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ┈┈ࡢ㠃ࡽㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࣓࣮ࢪ᧯సࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢡࢭࢫࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ┿ࢆ ࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࡋ࡚ࠊࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢆࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࢆࡗ࡚ኚ᭦ ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ┿ࡀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞༳㇟ࡸពࢆࡾࡔࡍࡢࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ┿ࡢࣥ ࣃࢡࢺࡸពࡢᣢࡘࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢኚ᭦ࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ༳ๅ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿࠊ᧯సࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീࡢືྥࡢศᯒ ʄሗ㐨┿ࣇࢵࢩࣙࣥ┿ࡢศᯒࡢཧຍ ʄไస₇⩦ࡢཧຍ 151 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸲࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸲㸸࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺゅᗘ㸸ពࢆఏ࠼ࡿ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢゅᗘࢆ᥈ࡾࠊศᯒࡍࡿ ʄ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࡢࡓࡵࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆࡘࡃࡿ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛ࡍࠋ ʄ࣓ࢹሗࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᵝࠎ࡞࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺゅᗘࡢ⏝ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ʄ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ㐠ࡪㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢ≉ᐃࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺ࣓࢝ࣛࡢゅᗘࡀࠊ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡢఏ࠼ ࡽࢀ᪉ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ʄᨻⓗ㞟ࡸウㄽ࡞ࡢฟ᮶ࠊࡲࡓࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ࠾⚍ࡾࡸ࠾⚃࠸ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ 㐺ษ࡞࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄᮏࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ᭱ᚋグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺゅᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࠊࡲࡓࡣ」ᩘࡀ ᭷ຠά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹሗࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡞ࡢࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࢆ ㄪᰝࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ☜ㄆࡋࡓࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࠊᫎ⏬ࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࠊ᪂⪺ࡢ┿ࠊࢸࣞࣅࡢ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎീࢆ᳨ウࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓࢝ࣛࡢࠕゝ ㄒࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿពࡶㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄ㟼Ṇ⏬ࡸ┿ࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎീࡢ୍ሙ㠃ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠺ࢆぢ ࡘࡅࠊࡑࢀࢆ⣽ࡃㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ┿ࡸᫎീ㢟ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢆ ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞༳㇟ࡀ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀ ࡢࡼ࠺㢟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋูࡢ࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝࡸ ࢩࣙࢵࢺࢆࠊ⨨ࡁ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿሙྜࠊ┿ࡸᫎീࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿពࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄᨻⓗ࡞㞟ࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ࠾⚍ࡾࡸ࠾⚃࠸ࢆఏ࠼ࡿᙳᐙࡸ┿ᐙ࡞ࡾࡁࡗ࡚ࡳ ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡢ࣓࢝ࣛゅᗘࡸࢩࣙࢵࢺࢆࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ ࡛ࡍࠋฟ᮶ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆసࡾࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢ࣓࢝ࣛ࣡ ࣮ࢡࡣࠊࡢࡼ࠺ฟ᮶ࡢᚲせ࡞ሗᚲせ࡞༳㇟ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢᙺ❧ࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ Ɇ࣓࢝ࣛࢩࣙࢵࢺゅᗘ㸸ࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢࢱࣉ ␎ㄒ/ព/ㄝ᫂/ຠᯝ ㉸ࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢵࣉ㸦ECU㸧㸸 ║/㢦ࡢᴟ➃࡞ࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢵࣉńᨷᧁᛶࠊᛌឤ ࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢵࣉ㸦CU㸧㸸㢌/ᛂࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢵࣉń ぶᐦࡉ 㢌⫪ࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࢬࢵࣉń 2-3 ே ࣑ࢹ࣒ࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦MS㸧㸸㢌㒊ࡽ⭜㏆ࡲ࡛ࠊ2-3 ே ࣑ࢹ࣒࣭ࣟࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦MLS㸧㸸యయࢆᫎࡍ ࣟࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦LS㸧㸸㒊ᒇࠊᬑ㏻ぢࡿࡇ ㉸ࣟࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦ELS㸧㸸ఫᏯࠊタᐃࡢ☜❧ ࢚ࢫࢱࣈࣜࢵࢩࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸦ES㸧㸸㒔ᕷࠊ⌧ሙࡢタᐃ 152 ὀࠊᮏᩥࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࢚ࢫࢱࣈࣜࢵࢩࣥࢢࢩࣙࢵࢺࡣᫎ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࠊሙ㠃ࡢ᭱ึⓏሙ ே≀ࡢ㓄⨨ࡸࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡞ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ሗࢆほᐈㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺࡢࡇ Ɇ࣓࢝ࣛࣥࢢࣝ ࣮ࣟࣥࢢࣝ㸸࣓࢝ࣛࢆୗࡽᫎࡍࠋᑐ㇟ࡣࡁࡃぢ࠼ࡿńᙉࡉࢆ༳㇟࡙ࡅࡿ ᖹ㠃ࡲࡓࡣṇ㠃ࡢࣥࢢࣝ㸸࣓࢝ࣛࡀྠࡌ┠ࡢ㧗ࡉࡽᑐ㇟ࢆぢࡿńᑐ㇟ࡣࠊど⫈⪅➼ ࡋࡃぢ࠼ࡿࠋ ど⫈⪅ࡣᑐ㇟ྠࡌẼศ࡞ࡿࠋど⫈⪅ࡣᑐ㇟ྠ୍ே≀࡛࠶ࡿࡉ࠼ឤࡌ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣁࣥࢢࣝ㸸࣓࢝ࣛࡀୖࡽᫎࡍ㸸⿕యࡀᑠࡉࡃぢ࠼ࡿńᙅࡉࢆ༳㇟࡙ࡅࡿ Ɇᫎ⏬⏝ㄒ ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ㸸༢୍ࡢ㟼Ṇ⏬ീࡲࡓࡣ⏬ീ ࢩࣙࢵࢺ㸸࣓࢝ࣛ㛤ጞ㛫ࡽᙳࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࢵࢺ↓ࡋࡢṆ⏬ീ ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢫ㸸ྠ୍ࢸ࣮࣐㛵ࡍࡿ୍㐃ࡢࢩࣙࢵࢺ ࢝ࢵࢺ㸸࣡ࣥࢩࣙࢵࢺࢆṆࡋࠊᛴḟࡢሙ㠃ࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿńูࡢሙᡤ࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀྠ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆࡘࡃࡿ ࣇ࢙࣮ࢻ࢘ࢺ/ࣥ㸸ᬯ㌿࣭ᬯ㌿ࡽࡢ⏬ീń㛫ࡢ⤒㐣ࡢ♧၀ࠊሙᡤࡢኚ᭦ ࣃࣥ㸸࣓࢝ࣛࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ⿕యࡽูࡢ⿕యࠊᕥࡽྑࡲࡓࡣྑࡽᕥ࠸࠺ࢩ࣮ࣥ㛫 ࡢືࡁࢆࡍࡿńᏳ࡞༳㇟ࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࢬ࣮࣒㸸࣓࢝ࣛࡀ㏕ࡿࡼ࠺ືࡃ㸦ࢱࢺ㸧ࠊࡲࡓࡣ㐲ࡢ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ㸦࣡ࢻ㸧 ࢸࣝࢺ㸸࣓࢝ࣛࡀୖࡽୗࠊࡲࡓࡣୗࡽୖᆶ┤⛣ືࡍࡿ ୖグࡢ⏝ㄒㄝ᫂ࡣ࣐ࠗࢫ࣓ࢹ⌧௦ᩥ࠘ 㸦ࢺࣟࣥࢺ㸸ࣁ࣮ࢥ࣮ࢺࣈ࣮ࣞࢫ㸤࢝ࣥࣃࢽ ࣮㸸࢝ࢼࢲ㸧㈨ᩱ㞟ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࡢ⌮ゎ ʄ㇟ᚩⓗࠊᢏ⾡ⓗࢥ࣮ࢻࡀ㟼Ṇ⏬ࠊ┿ࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎീࡢࡼ࠺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ศᯒ ʄ㞟ࡸ࠾⚃࠸ࡢᨺ㏦ࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓࣮࢝ࣛ࣡ࢡࡢᴫせ 153 ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸳࣭ࣘࢽࢵࢺ㸳㸸ᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᗈ࿌ࠕࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣈࣛࣥࢻࠖ ᩘ㸸㸰㛫 せ㡯┠ ʄࠕࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣈࣛࣥࢻࠖࡢ㨩ຊ ʄࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢసᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ⏝ᡓ␎ ʄ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ฿㐩ࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࣈࣛࣥࢻసᡂࡢ⌧ ᅾࡢⰍࠎ࡞࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝ ʄࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ᗈ࿌࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡿせ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ Ꮫ⩦┠ᶆ ࡇࡢࣘࢽࢵࢺࡢᏛ⩦┠ᶆࡼࡾᩍᖌࡣ௨ୗࡢࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ʄࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࡑࡢຠᯝࡢศᯒホ౯ ʄ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢᙳ㡪ࡢホ౯ ʄ≉ᐃࡢࣈࣛࣥࢻᡓ␎ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ౯್ࡢศᯒ ʄ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡙ࡃࡾࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ᢏ⾡ࡢᙺࡢホ౯ ᤵᴗ᪉ἲάື ʄࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣐࣮ࣝࢣࢸࣥࢢᡓ␎ࡣࠊព㆑ࡢ◚ቯࡣࢇᚲせ࡞࠸ຠᯝⓗ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࠗ⚾㐩ࡣᩥࢆ㈍ࡍࡿ࠘࠸࠺࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᗈ࿌࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࢆࡶࡓࡽ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ༢୍ࡢᗈ࿌࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣࠊ〇ရࡀసࡽࢀࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ㓄ᕸࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡍ ࡚ࡢᅜ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᗈ࿌ࡣࠊࡼࡾ⤒῭ⓗ࡛ຠ⋡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࣮ࣟ࢝ ࣝ࡞᮲௳࡛ࡣࡃ㏻⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠖ㸦ࣀ࣮࣭ࣞࣥࢪ࢙ࢼࢫ㸪ᗈ࿌ࢢࣟ ࣮ࣂࣝᩥ㸪ᩥⓗࢧࣂࣂࣝࢡ࣮࢜ࢱ࣮ࣜ࠾࠸࡚㸪1983 ᖺ㸧 ࣭ከᅜ⡠ᴗ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢᡓ␎ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࢜ࣥࣛࣥㄪᰝ ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᴗ⏺ㄅࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠕᗈ࿌ࡢୡ௦ࠖ㸦www.adage.com㸧 ࢆゼࢀ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⮬♫〇ရࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊᩥࠕࢆࡿࠖࡓࡵᴗ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋఏ⤫ᩥᑐ⌧௦ᩥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ┤᥋ⓗࡲࡓ ࡣ㛫᥋ⓗఱࡀᬯ♧ࡉࢀࡿࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ከᅜ⡠ᴗࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆゼၥࡋࠊࡦࡘᗈ࿌ࢆ㑅ࢇ࡛⣽ࡃศᯒࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ ᗈ࿌ࡢせ⣲ࠊఱࡀ㨩ຊⓗ࡞せ⣲࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㏙ࡽ ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᙇࡸឤⓗ࡞ࣆ࣮ࣝࡢ⏝ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊู ࡢᆅᇦࡸᕷሙࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࡋࡓྠࡌ〇ရࡢᗈ࿌ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋྛᗈ࿌ࡀࠊࢱ࣮ ࢤࢵࢺࡉࢀࡿᕷሙ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᗈ࿌࡛ ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝㄒࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊே㛫ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘࡑࡢᗈ࿌ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ 㸦ᗈ࿌ࡑࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࢆࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࡛ࣝࠖࡁࡿせ⣲ ࡣఱࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸧 ࣭ከࡃࡢᢈホᐙࡣࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᗈ࿌ࡣᩥࠕࡢ㈍ࠖ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࠕ㈍ࠖࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࢆศᯒࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋఏ㐩ࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ౯್ ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭≉ᐃࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡸᆅᇦఫࡴேࡧᑐࡍࡿ〇ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᗈ࿌ࡢᴫせࢆస ࡗ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡽㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅฿㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱ࡶຠᯝⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡸ㐀ⓗ࡞ ᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋࠊㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢹࡀࠊྠࡌᕷሙࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ ⡿ࡸ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᗈ࿌௦⌮ᗑࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓᗈ࿌ࡣࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿࢆ 154 ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ʄࠕᅜቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᩥࡢ㔜せ࡞≉ᛶࡣ㏿ᗘ⠊ᅖࡢᗈࡉ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㏦ಙࠊ㏻ಙࠊ ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊ㞧ㄅࠊࢥ࣑ࢵࢡࠊᫎ ⏬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝὶ㏻ࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࡢࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋ㸦ࣀࣞ ࣮࣭ࣥࢪ࢙ࢼࢫࠊᗈ࿌ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᩥ㸪ᩥⓗࢧࣂࣂࣝࢡ࣮࢜ࢱ࣮ࣜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ 1983 ᖺ㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚᪥࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ ᗈ࿌ࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࠊᗈࡵࡿ㝿ᢏ⾡ࡀᯝࡓࡍᙉຊ࡞ᙺࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠊ⌧ᅾ ࡢᗈ࿌ࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᢏ⾡ࡀࡢࡼ࠺⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ ㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭ࡇࡢ◊✲ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ᕷሙᯫ✵ࡢ〇ရࢆ㈍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢィ⏬ࢆసࡾࠊࢱ࣮ࢤ ࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡢㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅฿㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ᭱ࡶຠ ᯝⓗᛮࢃࢀࡿᡓ␎ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪂ᢏ⾡ࡣࡇࢀࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ࠺᳨ウࡋࡲ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࣭࠶࡞ࡓࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿࣈࣛࣥࢻ࡙ࡃࡾࡢࢆㄪࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋຠᯝⓗ࡞ࣈࣛ ࣥࢻࡢⓎᒎᐤࡍࡿせ⣲ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡢ⛬ᗘࡑࡢࡀ㧗࠸ࣈࣛࣥࢻㄆ▱ࢆ ☜❧ࡍࡿࡢ᭷ຠࠊࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢពࢆఏ࠼ࠊࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ฿㐩ࡍ ࡿࡢ᭷ຠࢆホ౯ࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⸀ࡵࡽࢀࡿホ౯ ʄ⌧ᅾࡢᗈ࿌ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࠾ࡼࡧᡓ␎ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢศᯒ ʄ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡢㄪᰝ ʄᗈ࿌࣮࢟ࣕࣥ࣌ࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢᴫせࡢసᡂ 155 ⏝ㄒㄝ᫂ ͤཎᩥࡢࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺ㡰࡛⾲グ ࣭ᗈ࿌ ᾘ㈝⪅ࡀࣔࣀࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ㈙࠸ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࣔࣀࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ ᐉఏࡋࠊចࡁࡘࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡸᢏ⾡ࠋ ࣭ཎᆺ(Archetype) ேࡧࡸᑐ㇟㛵ࡋ࡚ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡸᆺࠋ ࣭ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᾘ㈝ࡍࡿேࡧࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࢸࢡࢫࢺฟ࡚ࡃࡿேࡧࠋ ࣭ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࣭࣮࢜ࢹ࢚ࣥࢫ ᖺ㱋ࠊᛶูࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࠊ㝵ᒙ࡞ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓ≉ᚩࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹ࣭ ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀ≉ᑐ㇟ࡍࡿேࡧࡢࡇࠋ ࣭⬟ືⓗ࡞ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ ␗࡞ࡿேࡧࡣྠࡌ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ␗࡞ࡿ᪉ἲ࡛␗࡞ࡿゎ㔘ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊேࡧࡀ⮬㌟ ࡢ⤒Ṕࡸ⤒㦂ࠊどⅬࡼࡗ࡚ྛࠎࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⌮ㄽࠋ ࣭⫈ぬᏛ⩦ ⫈ࡃࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇࠋどぬᏛ⩦ࡸ㐠ືᏛ⩦ࢆక࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ྛ㡯┠ࡶཧ↷㸧ࠋ 㸱✀㢮ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࡦࡘࠋ ࣭ࣈࣟࢵ࢟ࣥࢢ ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ࠾ࡅࡿ⤫୍㈨※⨨ᣦᐃᏊ(Uniform Resource Locator: URL)ࡢ ≉ᐃࡢሗࡢࢡࢭࢫࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࠋ ࣭ࣈࣟࢢ ಶேࡼࡗ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡿ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶேⓗ࡞ពぢࡸฟ᮶ࡢㄝ᫂ࠊ⏬ീ ࡸື⏬ࢆᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋసᡂ⪅௨እࡢே㛫ࡶࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⦅ 㞟ᶒࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣసᡂ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕ࢜ࣥࣛࣥグࠖࡋ࡚ཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣭㸦ࢡࢸࣈ㸧ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ ࠶ࡿᩥ⬦࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ(ᨻⓗࠊᅜᐙⓗࠊ♫ⓗ)ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢࡇࠋࢩࢳࢬࣥ ࢩࢵࣉࡣ୍⯡ⓗᶒ㸦㑅ᣲᶒࡸ⚟♴ࢆཷࡅࡿᶒ㸧ࡸ㈐௵㸦ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ㸧ࢆᣢࡘࡇ ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋࢡࢸࣈ࣭ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ⤒῭ⓗཧຍࡸࠊබⓗ࡞ࡸ࣎ࣛ ࣥࢸࠊྠᵝࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᕷẸࡢ⏕άࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ດຊࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᕷẸࡀᖐᒓࡍࡿ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢆࡼࡾࡼࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ⾜ືࡍࡁࡍࡿဴᏛࡢࡇࠋ ࣭ᕷẸࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ ࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࢆ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⮬ศࡢሗࠊពぢࠊどⅬࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊሗ㐨ࡸࢥ ࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࡾ᪂ࡓసࡾ┤ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࠋ ࣭ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸭ᕷẸࡢ㈐௵ 156 ≉ᐃࡢ♫ⓗࠊᨻⓗࠊᅜᐙⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢᡂဨ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠋ♫ዎ⣙ㄽ࠾ ࡅࡿࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᆅࡣࠊᶒࡸ㈐௵ࢆక࠺ࠋ ࣭⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸭ᐇ㊶ࢥ࣮ࢻ㸭ከᵝ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻ ᭱㧗ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡓࡵࡢ㐺ษ࡞⾜ືࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࢪࣕ ࣮ࢼࣜࢫࢺࡗ࡚ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢཎ๎ࠋࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ༠(IFJ)ࡼࡗ࡚☜ ❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢࢥ࣮ࢻࡣከᵝ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄔᐇࡉࠊṇ☜ࡉࠊᐈほᛶࠊබᖹࡉࠊ බṇࡉࠊබࡢㄝ᫂㈐௵࡞ࠊ᭱ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿཎ๎ࡣࠊሗ㐨౯್ࡢ࠶ࡿሗࡸࠊ ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚බ⾗ὶ㏻ࡍࡿሗࡢ⋓ᚓࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ 」ᩘࡢ࣓ࢹࢆࡋ࡚ࠊሗࡀ㏦ࡾᡭࡼࡗ࡚⤫ྜࡉࢀࠊὶࡉࢀࠊཷࡅᡭ▱ࡽࡉࢀ ࡿ㐣⛬ࠋࡍ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᵝᘧࡣࠊ㏦ࡾᡭࡸ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆཷࡅ ྲྀࡿே㛫ࢆᚲせࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊཷࡅᡭࡣ㏦ࡾᡭࡢពᅗࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅྲྀࡿᚲせᛶࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ሗࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡼࡗ࡚ኚࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᩥ⬦ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡁࠊゎ㔘ࢆỴᐃ࡙ࡅࡿᐇࡸ≧ἣࠋ ࣭ᩥ⬦ศᯒ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᢏ⾡ࠊ≀ㄒࠊ≧ἣࡢᩥ⬦ࢆᏛ⩦࣭ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࠊ MIL ࡢᩍᤵ࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗ᪉ἲࠋ ࣭Ỵࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ ࣓ࢹࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊỴࡲࡗࡓ⣙᮰ࡋ࡚ࢫࢱࣥࢲ࣮ࢻࡸつ⠊ࡀཧ↷ࡉࢀᐇ⾜ࡉ ࢀࡿࡇࠋ ࣭㞟ྜ(Convergence) 㡢ኌࠊ⏬ീࡸᩥᏐࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠸ࡗࡓ␗࡞ࡿ✀㢮ࡢሗࢆࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣮ࢻኚࡍࡿࡁ ཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿ⬟ຊࠋࡇࡢኚࡼࡾࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࢹ࣮ࢱᦠᖏ㟁ヰࡽࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⎔ቃࡀࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࣭ⴭసᶒ ⴭ⪅ࡸ〇స⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽసࡗࡓసရᑐࡋ࡚ᡤ᭷ࡍࡿᶒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡢே㛫ࡀࡑࡢసရࢆ 」〇ࡋࡓࡾࠊὶ㏻ࡉࡏࡓࡾࠊಟṇࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢆࡉࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᶒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⴭసᶒࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ〇స⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ〇స⪅ࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᴗࡼࡗ࡚ᡤ᭷ࡉࢀࠊᕷሙᣢࡕ ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡾ㈍ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ ┤㠃ࡋࡓ౯್ほࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲཷࡅධࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ほࡸ๓ᥦࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊホ౯ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࠊሗࡸ⪃࠼ࢆ᳨ウࡋศᯒࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠋ ࣭ᩥ ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࠊᏛ⩦ࡉࢀࠊ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ౯್ほ࣭ಙ᮲࣭ែᗘࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ ࠕ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞㟷┿ࠖࡸࠕ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ࢥ࣮ࢻࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡸ⾜Ⅽ 157 ᙳ㡪ࡋࠊㄆ㆑ࡸ⾜Ⅽࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡸ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ḟ➨࡛ࡣࠊ ே㛫ࡢ▱㆑ࡸಙ᮲ࠊ⾜Ⅽ㛵ࡍࡿ୍ᐃࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍࠋ ࣭࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ Ꮫ⩦ࢆィ⏬ⓗ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࠊෆᐜࢆタィࡋࡓࢥ࣮ࢫࡢࡇࠋ ࣭Ẹ⩏ ┤᥋ⓗ࣭㛫᥋ⓗ࡞⮬⏤㑅ᣲ࡛㑅ࡤࢀࡓ௦⌮ேࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊேࡧࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞Ỵᐃᶒࢆᣢࡘ ⤫ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠋࡲࡓࠊᇶᮏⓗேᶒ⮬⏤ࡢಖㆤࠊಶேࡢ㑅ᢥࡢ⮬⏤࠸ࡗࡓᶒࡶྵࡴࠋ ࣭ከᵝᛶ ␗࡞ࡿᏑᅾᑐࡋ࡚ᩗពࢆ⾲ࡋࠊᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࡇࠋከඖᛶࡢ୰ᚰ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࠋẸⓗ࡞ ♫ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊேᶒࡸே㛫ࡢᑛཝࡢᑛ㔜ࡢ୍㒊ࡋ࡚ࠊከᵝᛶࢆಖㆤࡋࠊᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢶ࣮ࣝࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆࠊሗࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࠊホ౯ ࡋࠊ⏝ࡋࠊࡾࡔࡍࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡿ⬟ຊࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᖜᗈ࠸ሗ※ࡽከᵝ࡞ ᵝᘧ࡛ሗࢆ⌮ゎࡋ⏝ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࡲࡓࢹࢪࢱࣝ⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚ຠᯝⓗ⾲⌧ࢆ⾜࠺⬟ຊ࡛ ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢹࢪࢱ࣭ࣝࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ࣓ࢹࢆㄞࡳࠊゎ㔘ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ⎔ቃࡽධᡭࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢆホ౯ࡋᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ⬟ ຊ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ゝㄝ(Discourse) ヰࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ᭩ࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ࠊヲ⣽㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࡸㄢ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡇࠋ ࣭⦅㞟⪅ ≉᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆỴᐃࡋࠊฟ∧≀ࡢ⦅㞟㈐௵ࢆᣢ ࡘேࠋࡇࡢ⏝ㄒࡣ᫂ࡽ࣓ ࣓ ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ࣓ ࣓ ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹ ᴗࢆᡤ᭷ࡍࡿேࡸ㞟ᅋࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭⦅㞟ࡢ⊂❧ᛶ ࣓ࢹࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡸࠊᅜᐙࡢࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣᅜᐙࡣ㛵ಀ࡞࠸⾜Ⅽ⪅㸦ࢡࢱ࣮㸧ࡼࡿᖸ ΅ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸⦅㞟ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࠊ⦅㞟⪅ࢆಙ㢗ࡋࡓᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⮬⏤ࡢࡇࠋ ࣭ᖹ➼(Equality) ᖺ㱋ࠊᛶูࠊ᐀ᩍࡸẸ᪘㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊࡍ࡚ࡢேࡀࠊྠࡌᶒࢆᣢࡘ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࠋୡ ⏺ேᶒᐉゝࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ཎ๎࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ே㛫ᐉゝࡢෑ㢌ࡣࠕே㢮♫ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᵓᡂ ဨࡢᅛ᭷ࡢᑛཝᖹ➼࡛ㆡࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᶒࢆᢎㄆࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ⮬⏤ࠊ ṇ⩏ཬࡧᖹࡢᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊᖹ➼㛵ࡍࡿㄢ㢟 ࢆໟᣓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ᫎ⏬ ⥅⥆ⓗື࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㘒ぬࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୍㐃ࡢ࣓࣮ࢪࡸ㡢ኌࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀࡿ≀ ㄒࢆ₇ࡌࡿፗᴦࡢ✀㢮ࠋ 158 ࣭⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ ᇶᮏⓗேᶒࡢࡦࡘࠋゝㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⾲⌧ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊሗࢆ᥈ࡋࠊཷࡅྲྀࡾࠊ㛤♧ࡍࡿ άືࡢ⮬⏤ࡶྵࡴࠋᙜ↛ࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡸᕷẸ♫ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ ຓࡍࡿࡢྍḞ࡞ᶒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ሗࡢ⮬⏤㸦▱ࡿᶒ㸧 බⓗᶵ㛵ࡀᡤ᭷ࡍࡿሗᕷẸࡀࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿᶒࠋ ࣭ヰࡍ⮬⏤ ᳨㜀ࡸไ㝈࡞ࡃࠊẼවࡡ࡞ࡃヰࡍࡓࡵࡢ⮬⏤ࠋ㢮ఝࡋࡓ⏝ㄒࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ⾲⌧ࡢ⮬⏤ࡣࠊࢃࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊゝㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⾲⌧ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊሗࡸ ࢹࢆ᥈ࡋࠊཷࡅྲྀࡾࠊ㛤♧ࡍࡿάືࡢ⮬⏤ࡶ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ฟ∧ࡢ⮬⏤ άᏐ࣓ࢹ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࢆࠊᨻᗓࡢ᳨㜀ࡸつไ࡞ࡃ⮬⏤┤᥋බ ⾲ࡍࡿ⮬⏤ࡢࡇࠋᅜᐙⓗ࡞ᨺ㏦ࡢࡾᙜ࡚ࡸࠊ⊂༨⚗Ṇἲࡣࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞᳨㜀ࡸつไࡣ ྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࣭㛛␒(Gatekeeper) බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࡾᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࢹࡸሗࢆࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࡅࡿᙺࢆᣢࡘேࢆᣦ ࡍࠊỗ⏝ⓗ࡞ゝⴥࠋ ࠕࣇࣝࢱ࣮ࡅࡿࠖࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡀබ⾗ᑐࡋ࡚ὶࡍሗࢆ୰⥅ ࡋࡓࡾಖ␃ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿពᛮỴᐃࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛛␒ࡣࠊ࣏࣮ࣞࢱ࣮ࡀሗఱࢆྵࡵࡿ ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊ⦅㞟⪅ࡀఱࢆ༳ๅࡍࡿࢆỴࡵࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡲ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢹࡢࡍ ࡚ࡢ㝵ᒙ࠾࠸࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ࢪࣕࣥࣝ ࠼ࡤፗᴦࡸሗࠊሗ㐨ࠊᗈ࿌ࠊࢻ࣐ࣛ࡞࠸ࡗࡓࠊ≉ᐃࡢ࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࡢ✀㢮ࠋ ࡑࢀࡒࢀᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞┠ⓗࡸࢹࢨࣥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣦࣝࣞࢵࢪ㸦ᆅ⌫ᮧ㸧 ࣐࣮ࢩ࣭࣐ࣕࣝࢡ࣮ࣝࣁࣥࡀࠗࢢ࣮ࢸࣥ࣋ࣝࢡࡢ㖟Ἑ⣔࡛࠘ึࡵ࡚⏝ࡋࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᆅ⌫ࡀ㟁Ꮚⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡼࡗ࡚ࡲࡿ࡛ࡦࡘࡢᮧࡢࡼ࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊሗࡀ⡆༢ࠊྠ ࠶ࡿᆅⅬࡽ࠶ࡿᆅⅬࡲ࡛ఏࢃࡿ≧ἣࢆᣦࡍࠋࡇࡢゝⴥࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡸ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭࣡ ࢻ࣭࢙࢘ࣈ(WWW)ࡢฟ⌧ࡼࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࣭࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫ㸦⤫㸧 බⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵ᕷẸ♫ࡢ┦㛵ಀࢆྵࡴ⤫ࡢ㐣⛬ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋ࢞ࣂࢼ ࣥࢫࡣࠊᶒຊࡸᶒጾࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆ⾜ࡍࡿேࡧࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᶒຊ࡞ࡀ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࠊ♫ ࡸ⏕ά㛵ࢃࡿᨻ⟇ࡸពᛮỴᐃࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡣ ᨻᗓᶵᵓࠊᨻᗓࡀ⾜࠺ᐇ㊶ࡸ⾜Ⅽࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ Ⰻ࠸࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡣࠊண ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛤ࢀࡓᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⢭⚄ࢆᣢ ࡗࡓᐁไᗘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊἲࡢ⢭⚄ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ㐣⛬㏱᫂ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᕷẸࡀཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿᙉ࠸ᕷ Ẹ♫ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᝏ࠸࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫࡣࠊᑓไⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇Ỵᐃࠊㄝ᫂ྍ⬟࡞ᐁไᗘࠊ㐺ษ࡞ἲไᗘࠊ⾜ ᨻᶒຊࡢ℃⏝ࠊᕷẸ⏕άࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᕷẸ♫ࠊở⫋ࡢᘏࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ 159 ࣭࣊ࢺ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ(Hate speech) ࠶ࡽࡉࡲ࡞≉ᚩ࡙ࡅ㸦Ẹ᪘ࠊᛶูࠊᛶⓗ࡞㸧ࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉ᐃࡢ㞟ᅋࡢࡋࡳࢆ㥑ࡾ❧ ࡚ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠋ ࣭ேᶒ ேࡋ࡚ࡢᑛཝ౯್ࢆᏲࡿࡢᚲせ࡞୍㐃ࡢ㈨᱁ಖㆤࡉࢀࡿࡁࡇࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᶒࡣ୍⯡ⓗᅜෆእࡢἲᩥ᭩㸦ୡ⏺ேᶒᐉゝࡸேᶒ㛵ࡍࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ༠ᐃࠊᏊࡶࡢ ᶒ᮲⣙࡞㸧࡛ྲྀࡾỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᶒࡣಶேཬࡧ㞟ᅋ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࠊ♫ ࠾࠸࡚࿘㎶ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㞟ᅋࡸࠊ㈋ᅔᒙࢆ≉ಖㆤࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ICT ሗ࣭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᢏ⾡ࡣࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡸࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᶵჾࠊࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊሗࢆᢅ࠸ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡍ࡚ࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ᡭẁࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊICT ࡣ㟁ヰࡸᨺ㏦࣓ࢹࠊࡍ࡚ࡢど⫈ぬ፹యྠᵝࠊሗᢏ⾡࡛࠶ ࡿࠋICT ࡣ⌧௦ࡢሗᢏ⾡࠾࠸࡚ࠊ≉ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᙺ㸦㟁ヰᅇ⥺ࡸ↓⥺ಙ ྕ㸧ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ ಶேࡸ㞟ᅋ࠾ࡅࡿಙ᮲ࡸཎ๎ࡢ᰿ᖿࢆ࡞ࡍ⩏ࠊဴᏛࡢࡇࠋయⓗ࡞ぢ㏻ࡋࠊࡶࡢ ࡢぢ᪉㸦ᖖ㆑ࡸဴᏛⓗഴྥ㸧ࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ேࡧࡀ♫ࡢᵓᡂဨࡍ࡚ᢲࡋ ࡅࡿ⪃࠼᪉࡞ࡀࠊࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ ࣭࣓࣮ࢪ ᅉ⩦ⓗ࡛⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ⏬ീࠋ ࣭ᆅᇦ᰿ᕪࡋࡓ㸭ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࢹ ᆅ⌮ⓗ࡞ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣ⊂⮬ᛶࡸ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡼࡗ࡚ࡽࢀࠊ㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹ ࠋࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣓ࢹࡣࠊ⚾ⓗ࡞㸦ၟᴗⓗ࡞㸧࣓ࢹࡸᅜᐙࡀ㐠Ⴀࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࠊ බඹᨺ㏦࣓ࢹࠊάẼࡢ࠶ࡿẸⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾࠸࡚Ỵᐃⓗ࡞せ⣲ࡋ࡚ㄆ ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ ࣭ሗ Ꮫ⩦ࠊᣦᑟࠊ⤒㦂ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ▱㆑ࠊグྕࡸಙྕ࡞ࠊᖜᗈ࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᣦࡍゝⴥࠋ࣓ࢹ ୡ⏺࠾࠸࡚ሗࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊㅁሗࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫሗ㐨ࡼࡗ࡚㞟ࡉࢀཷ ࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢฟ᮶ࡸ≧ἣࡢ▱㆑ࢆᣦࡍゝⴥࡋ࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣭ሗ※ ሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿேࡸ㞟ᅋࠊᩥ᭩ࠋ ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ᚲせࡉࢀࡿሗࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊሗࢆ⨨࡙ࡅࠊホ౯ࡋࠊຠᯝⓗ⏝࠸ࠊከᵝ࡞ᵝᘧ࠾ ࠸࡚ሗࢆࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢺࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠋ ࣭ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ 160 ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࣭ࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ(TCP/IP)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊఱ༑൨ேࡶࡢே㛫ࡀୡ⏺ࡘ࡞ࡀࢀࡓᆅ⌫つᶍࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠋఱⓒ௳ࡶࡢ⚾ⓗࠊ බⓗࠊᏛ⾡ⓗࠊ⤒῭ⓗࠊᨻᗓࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊᆅᇦつᶍࡽୡ⏺つᶍࡲ࡛ᗈࡃ㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚⓗ ࢿ ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣡ ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᢏ⾡ࡼࡗ࡚ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠊࢿ ࣮ࢡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞࠾ࡅࡿࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ㞟ࡋࠊ᭩ࡁࠊ ⦅㞟ࡋࠊබ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ࣭ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ ⓗ࡞ฟ᮶ࠊே㛵ࡍࡿࡇࠊഴྥࡸၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ㞟ࡋࠊఏ࠼ࡿேࠋࡑࡢ ே㛫ࡢసᴗࡣࢪ ࢪ ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣭㐠ືᏛ⩦(Kinesthetic learning) ༢ㅮ⩏ࢆ⫈ࡃ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ㌟యⓗ࡞άືࢆకࡗࡓᏛ⩦ࡢ᪉ἲࠋ ࣭▱㆑ ሗࡸࠊᏛ⩦ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠊᐇࡸ≧ἣࠋ ࣭Ꮫ⩦⪅୰ᚰ⩏ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࡢ୰ᚰᤣ࠼ࡓᩍ⫱᪉ἲࠋᏛ⩦⪅ಶࠎேࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡸពḧࡀᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࡸ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୰ᚰᤣ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ⤒㦂ⓗࡑࢀࡽࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ↔Ⅼࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿࠋཧຍ ព㆑ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀࡑࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ᐤࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ ࣭ᅗ᭩㤋ࢫ࢟ࣝ ᅗ᭩㤋ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ⬟ຊࠋ ࣭⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ Ꮫ ⩦⪅୰ᚰࡢᩍ⫱ࡢ⪃࠼⤖ࡧࡘࡃࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ✵㛫ࡸ㛫࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࣉࣟ ࢢ࣒ࣛࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋ࡛ࠊே⏕ࡀࠕጞࡲࡿࠖࠕṆࡲࡿࠖࡇࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿࠋ ಶࠎேࡣᖖᏛࡧ⥆ࡅࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡛࣓ࢹࡸሗᢏ⾡ࡣᏛ⩦ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆ ᯝࡓࡍࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢྥୖࡣࠊ༢⣧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ බᩍ⫱ࡢᩥ⬦ࢆᘏ㛗ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡣࠊ⫋ሙࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢά ືࠊ㠀බᘧ࡞ᩍ⫱⎔ቃ࡞ࠊከᵝ࡞≧ἣ࡛㉳ࡇࡿࠋ ࣭ὶ࣓ࢹ(Mainstream Media) ᕧ࡞ὶ㏻⤒㊰ࢆࡋ࡚ሗࢆᗈࡵࡿ࣓ࢹࡢࡇࠋ࣓ࢹࡣᕧ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᾘ ㈝⪅ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ከᩘὴࡋ࡚ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୍⯡ⓗ ⌧ᅾࡢᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࡸࠊᙳ㡪ࡸάືࢆᫎࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࡶពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ᕷሙ ᴗࡀࠊᾘ㈝⪅ࡀዲࡴࣔࣀࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆࡾࡔࡍ㐣⛬ࠋᕷሙࡣၟရࢆࡿᢏ⾡ࠊࣅࢪࢿ ࢫࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࢆ᰿ᗏ⨨ࡃ᪉␎ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠋ 161 ࣭࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹ ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᖜᗈ࠸ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀሗࢆᾘ㈝ࡍࡿࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹࠋ࣐ࢫ ࣓ࢹࡣ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ⤒㊰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭࣓ࢹ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ≀యࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊࢥࣥࣆࣗ ࣮ࢱࠊᫎ⏬࡞ࡢ≀యࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ࣐ࢫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡿ ࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ≀య࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࣓ࢹࡣࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ౯್ほࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀ ࡿ⦅㞟㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊಙ⏝࡛ࡁࡿሗ※࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ⦅㞟 ࡢㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡣ⤌⧊ࡸἲே࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࠊ࣓ࢹ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊ࣓࢜ࣥࣛࣥࢹ ࡶᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ ㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ྥࡅ࡚సࡽࢀࠊࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ࣓ࢹࠋ ࣭MIL ࣓ ࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡢ␎ㄒࠋMIL ࡣࠊᕷẸࡀ࣓ࢹࡸࡑࡢࡽࡢሗຠᯝ ⓗ㛵ࢃࡾࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡸࠊ♫ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⏕ ⏕ ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࢆྥୖࡉࡏࠊ⬟ືⓗ ࡞ᕷẸ࡞ࡿࡓࡵྍḞ࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭࣓ࢹゝㄒ ࣓ࢹ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡀㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ఏ࠼ࡿỴࡲࡾ㸭⣙᮰ࠊᵝᘧࠊ㇟ᚩࠊ≀ㄒⓗ࡞ ᵓ㐀ࡢពࠋ㇟ᚩⓗ࡞ព࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣓ࢹࡢゝㄒࡣࠊάᏐ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿᩥἲ ࡰྠࡌࡼ࠺స⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ࣭࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ ࢧ࣮ࢸࣈࠊ㠀ࢧ࣮ࢸࣈ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊ࣐ࢫ࣓ࢹࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࠋ࣓ࢹ ࢡࣜࢸ࢝ࣝ ࡸࠊ࣓ࢹࡀ⏝࠸ࡿᢏἲࡑࡢస⏝ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡾࠊᢈุⓗ ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡶྵࡴࠋ ࡲࡓࠊࢸࣞࣅࡸάᏐࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊከᵝ࡞࣓ࢹᵝᘧ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆㄞࡳࠊศᯒࡋࠊホ౯ࡋࠊࡾࡔࡍ⬟ຊࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋูࡢ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ከᵝ࡞ᵝᘧ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆゎ㔘(decode)ࡋࠊศᯒࡋࠊホ౯ࡋࠊࡾࡔࡍ⬟ ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭㈍ಁ㐍 ࢭࢵࢺ㈍ࡸ㝞ิᢏ⾡ࠊ↓ᩱࢧࣥࣉࣝࠊ༶ࠊ್ᘬࡁࠊ≉ูᥦ౪ࠊࡑࡢࡢၟရ㈍᪉ ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࣔࣀࡢ㈍ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓάືࠋ ࣭࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ ሗ※ࡽሗࡢཷࡅᡭ㏦ࡽࢀࡿሗࠋ ࣭࣐ࣝࢳ࣓ࢹ ≉ᩍ⫱ࡸፗᴦ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࣓ࢹࢆ」ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢࠋࢹࢪࢱࣝᵝᘧ࠾ࡅ ࡿᩥᏐࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࠊ㡢ኌࠊື⏬ࡸ㟼Ṇ⏬ࢆ⤫ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆពࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 162 ࣭⚄ヰ ⚄ヰࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࠕⱥ㞝ࡢෑ㝤ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᩥࡢᜍᛧࠊḧᮃࠊ㔝ᮃࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠊಙ᮲ࡢ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᬯ♧ⓗࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ≀ㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢ㐠 Ẽ࡙࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡀࠊ࡞ෑ㝤ࡢ᪑㐃ࢀฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࣄ࣮ ࣮ࣟࡣࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࠊෑ㝤ࡢ୰࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡢࠕ⏕ ㄌࠖࡸෑ㝤ࡢጞࡲࡾࠊ ࠕࡧฟࡉࢀࡓࠖࡇࡸ⮬ศࡢ㐠ࠊ࣐ࣟࣥࡢ⤒㦂ࠊᩛࡢᡓ࠸ࠊ㈼ ⪅ࡽࡢຓゝࠊࡑࡋ࡚᭱⤊ⓗᨾ㒓ᡠࡿࠊ࠸ࡗࡓẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭≀ㄒⓗ(Narrative) ≀ㄒࡸ࠶ࡽࡍࡌࢆࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢฟ᮶ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ㄒࡿࡇࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᩥ⬦ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㛫࣭✵㛫ⓗ࡞ฟ᮶ࡀ୍㈏ࡋࡓሙ㠃࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡍࠋ ࣭ሗ㐨 ⌧ᅾࡢฟ᮶㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ༳ๅ≀ࠊᨺ㏦ࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡸཱྀ㢌࠾࠸࡚ࠊ➨୕⪅ࡸ ⾗ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠋ ࣭ሗ㐨࣓ࢹ ࣐ ࢫ࣓ࢹࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢฟ᮶ࢆබ⾗ఏ࠼ࡿࡇ↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣐ ࣐ ࢫ࣓ࢹࡣάᏐ࣓ࢹ㸦᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅ㸧ࠊᨺ㏦࣓ࢹ㸦ࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅ㸧ࠊ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢹ㸦࣡ ࣡ ࣮ࣝࢻ࣭࣡ࢻ࣭࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࡸࣈ ࣈ ࣟࢢ㸧ࢆྵࡴࠋ ࣭᪂ࡋ࠸࣓ࢹ ࢹࢪࢱࣝࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊὶ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࠋ ࣭᪂⪺ ሗ㐨ࠊሗࡸᗈ࿌ࢆ࡞ෆᐜࡍࡿࠊⓎ⾜ࡀ࠶ࡽࡌࡵỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࢹࠋ୍⯡ ⓗࢽ࣮ࣗࢫグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡣẚ㍑ⓗᏳ౯࡛㉁ࡢప࠸⣬ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣭ሗ㐨౯್ ሗ 㐨ᇶ‽ࡤࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋሗ㐨౯್ࡣࠊ࣓ࢹࡀᥦ౪ࡋࡓࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡀࡢ⛬ ᗘ㝿❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆỴࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄞ⪅㸭ど⫈⪅ࡀὀ┠ࡍࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ሗ㐨౯್ࡣࠊ㢖ᗘࠊண ྍ⬟ࡉࠊಶᛶⓗࠊពࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ㆟ㄽࢆᕳࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࠊ ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ཧຍ㸦ᕷẸࡢཧຍ㸧 ཧຍࡣࠊẸ⩏ࡢᚰ⮚㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶேࡀ♫࠾࠸࡚⮬ศࡢᒃሙᡤࢆ☜ಖࡋࠊ♫ࡢ Ⓨᒎᐤࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆಖドࡍࡿࡇࢆ࡞┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣẸ⩏ ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡾࠊᇶᮏⓗேᶒࢆ⪃៖ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㔜せ࡞ពᛮỴᐃࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ከඖᛶ㸦࣓ࢹࡢከඖᛶ㸧 㸦⚾ⓗࠊබⓗࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾ࡅࡿ㸧ᡤ᭷ᶒࠊ࣓ࢹࡢ✀㢮㸦άᏐࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸ ࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࡢほⅬ࠾ࡅࡿࠊ࣓ࢹࡢከᵝᛶࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡼࡾᗈࡃゝ࠼ࡤࠊ♫࠾ࡅࡿከඖᛶࡣࠊᵓᡂဨࡀከᵝ࡞Ẹ᪘ࠊே✀ࠊ᐀ᩍࠊ♫㞟 ᅋ࡛࠶ࡿ♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࡧࡀඹ㏻ࡢᩥ᫂ࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࠾࠸࡚ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᩥࡸ ≉ู࡞⯆㛵ᚰࡢⓎᒎ⮬ᚊⓗཧຍࡋࠊ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ 163 ࣭࣏ࢵࢻ࢟ࣕࢫࢺ ᐃᮇⓗど⫈ぬ࣓ࢹࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㓄ᕸࡉࢀࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡸࢫ࣐࣮ࢺࣇ࢛ࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᶵჾ࡛ࡑࢀࡽࢆ⫈ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࠋ ࣭⌧௦ᩥ㸦࣏ࢵࣉ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕ㸧 ࠶ࡿᩥࡢὶ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㠀බᘧ࡞ྠពࡼࡗ࡚ዲࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢹࠊどⅬࠊែᗘࠊ ࢸ࣮࣐ࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࡸࡑࡢࡢ⌧㇟ࡢయᛶࠋ≉ 20 ୡ⣖ෑ㢌ࡽ୰┙ࡅ࡚ࡢすὒᩥ ࡸࠊ20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࠾ࡼࡧ 21 ୡ⣖ෑ㢌ࡢᆅ⌫つᶍࡢὶᩥࢆᣦࡍࠋ ࣭ฟ∧ ᪂⪺ࡸ㞧ㄅࡢᵝᘧ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ㞟ࡋⓎ⾜ࡍࡿࡇ㈐௵ࢆᣢࡘά ά Ꮠ࣓ࢹࠋ ࣭άᏐ࣓ࢹ ⣬ࣥࢡࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡘ࣓ࢹࠋྠࡌࡶࡢࢆ」〇ྍ⬟࡞ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞∧ୗࡼࡗ࡚⏕ ⏘ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣭⏕⏘࣭ไస ᡂရࢆࡘࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࢆࡲࡵࡿ㐣⛬ࠋ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢไస㐣⛬ ྠᵝࠊேࡧࡀࡑࡢ㐣⛬㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ ࣭ࣉࣟࣃ࢞ࣥࢲ ≉ᐃࡢ᪉ྥྥࡅ࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢព㆑࣭ែᗘࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᵝᘧࠋ ࣭බ᭷㈈⏘(Public domain information) リࠊ㡢ᴦࠊ⨾⾡ࠊ᭩⡠ࠊᫎ⏬ࠊ〇ရࡢࢹࢨࣥࡸࠊࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ࣭ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡑࡢࡢ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ࢆྵࡴࠊ࢜ࣜࢪࢼࣝࡢసⓗ࡞సရࢆᣦࡍ⏝ㄒࠋ ࠕ බ᭷㈈⏘࡞ࡿࠖࡣࠊ స≀ࡀᵝࠎ࡞┠ⓗࡸ⏝⪅ࡢせᮃࡢࡓࡵ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋබ᭷㈈⏘ࡢ 㐨ලࡣࠊಶேࡢ㈈⏘ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ♫࠾ࡅࡿᩥ㑇⏘ࡢ୍㒊࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭බඹࡢ┈ ᴫࡋ࡚ࠊබ⾗ᑐࡍࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⚟♴ࡸᜠᜨ㛵ࡍࡿᴫᛕࡢࡇࠋ≉ᐃࡢே㛫ࡸ㞟ᅋࡢ ┈ᑐẚࡉࢀࡿࠋබ┈ఱࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡢྠពࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊಶேࡢᆅࡸ❧ሙ 㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࡍ࡚ࡢே㛫ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ┈ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ┈ࢆಖㆤࡍࡿάືࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡢㄆ㆑ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣓ࢹ බඹⓗ࡞㈈ᨻࢆᇶ┙ࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࠋࡋࡤࡋࡤࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸయࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣂࣛ ࣥࢫࡢࢀࡓከᵝ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊබඹࡢ┈ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᙺࢆ₇ࡌࡿ ࡇࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࣭ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ࣥࢺ㸦Public Service Announcement㸧 〇ရࡸࣈࣛࣥࢻࡢ㈍࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊබඹࡢ┈㛵ࡍࡿࡇྲྀࡾ⤌ࡶ࠺ࡍࡿᗈ࿌ࡢࡇ 164 ࠋ ࣭බඹᅪ ♫ࡢᵓᡂဨࡀ⮬⏤ពぢࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠊሗࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿබⓗ࡞✵㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࠋ බࡢඹ㏻ࡢ㛵ᚰࡘ࠸࡚ᖹ➼ᛶࠊໟᣓᛶࢆᇶࡋ࡚ಶேࡀฟྜ࠸ࠊពぢࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ✵ 㛫ࠋබඹᅪ㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞⌧௦ࡢ⌮ㄽᐙࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣘࣝࢤ࣭ࣥࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮࣐ࢫࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭ே✀ᕪู ே✀ࡀே㛫ࡢ≉ᚩᛶ㉁ࡢ୍ḟỴᐃᅉᏊࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳࠋࡲࡓࠊ ே✀ⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ≉ᐃࡢே✀ࡢඃ㉺ᛶࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࠸࠺ᛮ࠸㎸ࡳࠋ ࣭ࣛࢪ࢜ 㟁Ἴࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⫈ぬⓗ࡞グྕࡼࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠋࣛࢪ࢜ᨺ㏦ࡼࡗ࡚බ ⾗ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀⓎಙࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣭㸦࣓ࢹࡢ㸧つไ ࣓ࢹࡢ⤌⧊ࡸάືᐙࡢ⾜ືࢆࠊ࣮ࣝࣝࡸࢥ࣮ࢻࢆᙉไࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊつไ࡞࠸ ࡋ⤫ไࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ࣭ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢእᏑᅾࡍࡿᐇ㝿ࡢேࡧࡸሙᡤࠊฟ᮶ ࠊࢹࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࠊ㇟ᚩࡋࠊᥥࡁࠊ⾲㇟ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ࠋࡲࡓࠊᐇ㝿ࡢேࡧࡸሙᡤࠊฟ ᮶ࠊࢹࠊ࣓ࢹࡢෆᐜࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆពࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭⮬つไ ᨻ⤒῭ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ⪅ࡀࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ⮬㌟ㄢࡍ࣮ࣝࣝࠋ࣓ࢹ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬つไࡣࠊᨻ ᗓࡢᖸ΅ᢤࡁ⌮ࢥ࣮ࢻࡸᐇ㊶ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ㡰Ᏺࡍࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᛶᕪู ≉ዪᛶᑐࡍࡿࠊᛶⓗ࡞ࡇᇶ࡙ࡃ೫ぢࡸᕪูࠋᛶᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ♫ⓗᙺࡢᅛᐃほ ᛕࢆᢲࡋࡅࡿ⾜ືࠊ≧ែࠊែᗘࡢࡇࢆゝ࠺ࠋ ࣭㇟ᚩ ⌧ᐇࢆࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࡸࠊᴫᛕࠊᆺࢆྵࡴ㇟ᚩࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᝏᙺࡢ࣮࢝࢘࣎ࡣ㯮࠸ᖗᏊࢆ⿕ࡾࠊṇ⩏ࡢ࣮࢝࢘࣎ࡣⓑ࠸ᖗᏊࢆ⿕ࡿ ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࠋ ࣭ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ ඹ㏻ࡢ⯆ࡸάືࢆᣢࡘேࡧࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀࠊ࡛࢜ࣥࣛࣥࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇࠋࢯ࣮ࢩ ࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢάືࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢࣉࣟࣇ࣮ࣝࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࡶྵࡴࠋFacebook ࡣ᭷ ྡ࡞ࢯ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣕࣝࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ ከᵝ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡸ᧯సࢆᢅ࠺ࡓࡵࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡸࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡇࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ సࡗࡓࡾ᧯సࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡽࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࡢᙧᡂࡸ⦅㞟ࢆᢅ࠺ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡲ 165 ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡞ࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ ࣭ᅛᐃほᛕ ♫࣭ᩥ㞟ᅋࡢᵓᡂဨ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࢆࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ⡆༢ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ≉ᚩࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ࣓ࢹ࣭ࣜࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢඹ㏻ࡢᵝᘧࠋྰᐃⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞࣓࣮ࢪࡢ ୧᪉ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠺ࡿࠋ ࣭⤮ࢥࣥࢸ ┘╩ࡀᫎ⏬ࡢ 1 ࢥ࣐ࢆࡢே㛫ఏ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ࣐ࣥ࢞ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ ࡚ࠊᫎ⏬ࡢሙ㠃ࢆᥥ⏬ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࠋ ࣭ᢏ⾡ ࣓ࢹࢆࡾࡔࡋࡓࡾࠊ࣓ࢹ࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ ࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘ࠋ࠼ࡤࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࠊ㟁ヰࠊ⾨ᫍࠊ༳ๅ≀࡞ࠋ ࣭ࢸࣞࣅ ୍⯡ⓗࡣ㡢ኌࢆక࠸ࠊ㟁Ẽⓗ࡞ಙྕࢆࡋ࡚ື⏬ࡸ㟼Ṇ⏬ࢆ㏦ಙࡍࡿ⨨ࠋࡲࡓࡣࢸ ࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆไసࡋࠊᨺ㏦ࡍࡿ⤌⧊ࠋ ࣭ࢸࢡࢫࢺ ༳ๅ≀ࡸど⫈ぬࡼࡿࠊಶࠎࡢ࣓ࢹࡢไస≀ࢆᣦࡍࠋ㸯ࡘࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡸ᭩⡠ࠊ㞧 ㄅࡸ᪂⪺ࡢグࠊᗈ࿌ࠊ࡞ࠋ ࣭⏝⪅ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ(User-generated content) ᾘ㈝⪅ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࣓ࢹ(CGM)ࡸࠊ⏝⪅ࡀࡾࡔࡋࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ⏝⪅ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊࢹࢪࢱ࣓ࣝࢹࡢ⏝⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ࡽࢀࡓࠊㄡ ࡛ࡶ⏝࡛ࡁࡿከᵝ࡞✀㢮ࡢ࣓ࢹ࣭ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡣࠊᾘ ㈝⪅ࡀ⏕⏘⪅ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭どぬᏛ⩦ ࣓࣮ࢪࢆほ㈹ࡋࡓࡾࠊᐇ₇ࢆぢࡓࡾࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࠋ ࣭どぬ࣓ࢹ ࣓࣮ࢪࢆఏ࠼ࡿ㝿ࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ࣓ࢹࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢸࣞࣅࠊᫎ⏬ࠊ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡞ࠋ ࣭࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ⏝⪅ࡀ᪉ྥⓗࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡁࡿࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀࡓࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ ᣢࡘࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠋ࢙࢘ࣈ 2.0 ࡢࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ༠ാඹ᭷ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ URL ࢆక࠺࢙࢘ࣈ࣮࣌ࢪࡸ࣓࣮ࢪࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㞟ྜయࠋ௨ୗࡢ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭࣡ࢻ࣭࢙࢘ ࣈ(WWW)ࡢ㡯┠ࡶཧ↷ࠋ 166 ࣭࢘࢟(Wiki) ⏝⪅ࡀෆᐜࢆ༠ാ࡛సᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ」ᩘࡢே㛫ࡼࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀࡿ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠋ⪅ ࡢពぢࡸฟ᮶ࡢㄝ᫂ࠊᩥ᭩࡞ࢆྵࡴࠊከᵝ࡞ෆ㒊ࣜࣥࢡ࣮࣌ࢪࡸෆᐜࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ࢘࢟ࡣࠊෆᐜࡀᖖ」ᩘࡢ⏝⪅ࡼࡗ࡚᭦᪂ࡉࢀࠊከࡃࡢ✀㢮ࡢ㈨ᩱࡀࢲ࢘ࣥࣟ ࣮ࢻ࡛ࡁࡿⅬ࡛ࠊࣈࣟࢢࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋ ࣭࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭࣡ࢻ࣭࢙࢘ࣈ 㸱ࡘࡢ㔜せ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡼࡾࠊⳘ࡞㔞ࡢࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛ ᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠋ㸱ࡘࡢᶵ⬟ࡣࠊձฟ∧ᙧᘧࡸࠊ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࡢࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱゝㄒ(HTML)ࠊղྛ✀ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢻࣞࢫ㸦URL ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ㸧ࠊ ճࣁࣃ࣮ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆኚࡍࡿࣉࣟࢺࢥࣝ(http)ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿᡭẁࠊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭You Tube ⏝⪅ࡀ⯆ᛂࡌࡓ㡯┠ࢆᢞ✏ࡋ࡚ࠊື⏬ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࠋ 167 ⚾ࡓࡕࡀఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ㑅ࡪࡇࡸ⾜ືࡍࡿࡇࡢ㒊ศࢆሗࡢ㉁㢗 ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞⮬⏤ாཷࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡸ⮬ᕫỴᐃࡍࡿࡇࡸ㐍ᒎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊ ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᩍᖌࡢࡓࡵࡢ࣓ࠗࢹ࣭ሗࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࠘ࡣࠊ ࣘࢿࢫࢥຍ┕ᅜࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞⣲ᮦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊඛ㥑ⓗ࡞ฟ∧≀࡛ࡍࠋ➨ 1 ࠊࡑࢀࡣࣛࢪ࢜ࠊ ࢸࣞࣅࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࠊ᪂⪺ࠊᮏࠊබᩥ᭩㤋ࠊᅗ᭩㤋ࢆࡦࡘࡢᇶ┙⤫ྜࡉࡏࡿ᭱㏆ ࡢഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➨ 2 ࡣࠊ≉බⓗ࡞ᩍᖌᩍ⫱ไᗘ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵ タィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀࠊᚲࡎ࡚ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆᨵ㠉ࡋ࡚ᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇࢆࣘࢿࢫࢥ ࡣಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢿࢫࢥሗ㏻ಙᡤ㛗 ࢪ࢙ࢽࢫ࣭࣮࢝ࢡࣜࣥࢬ ㏻ಙሗ㒊㛛 168 私 たちが 住んで いる世 界で は、私 たちが 選 ぶことや 行 動 すること の大部分を情報の質に頼っていて、それは基本的な自由と享受 する能力や自己決定することや進展するための能力を含んでいるので す。この教師のための『メディア・情報リテラシーカリキュラム』は、ユネ スコ加盟国にとって重要な素材であり、先駆的な出版物です。第1に、 それはラジオ、テレビ、インターネット、新聞、本、公文書館、図書館をひ とつの基盤に統合させる最近の傾向を示すことを目指しています。第2 には、特に公的な教師教育制度に統合するために設計されています。 こ の カ リ キ ュ ラ ム が 、必 ず 全 て の 教 育 を 改 革 し て 改 善 すること に 貢 献 することを ユ ネ ス コ は 信じ て い ま す。 ユネスコ情報通信副所長 ジェニス・カークリンズ www.unesco.org/webworld コミュニケーション・ 情報局 国際連合教育科学 文化機関 9 789230 000127
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