The Funding of University-Based Research and Innovation in Europe An Exploratory Study Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀″ ̿ ങⓏㄢᰕ ̿ Bernadette Conraths Hanne Smidt and Translation supervised by Sugimoto Kazuhiro (Kagoshima University) ᮙᮇᘧ㸝㮭ඡᓞኬᏕ㸞 ┐ゼ *This translation was done in the research program, the title of which is “Guideline of Evaluation System for Initiating Active Fundamental Researches “ (Representative; Masuo Okada, Tohoku University), under the auspice of Research Program of Japan Science and Technology requested by Japanese Council for Science and Technology Policy in 2005. 㸟ᮇゼࡢᖲᠺ㸦㸬ᖳᗐ⛁Ꮥᣲ⮾ㄢᩒ㈕ㄢᰕ◂✪ࠉ⛁Ꮥᢇ⾙ᨳ➿࡞ᚪさ ㄢᰕ◂✪࡛ࡊ࡙ࠉࠔ◂✪ὩິࡡὩᛮࢅᣞྡྷࡊࡒᇱ♇◂✪フ౮ࡡ࠵ࡽ ᪁ࠕ 㸝⾪⩽㸯᮶ኬᏕᒱ⏛─⏠ᩅ㸞࡛㢗ࡌࡾㄢᰕ◂✪ࡡୌ㒂࡛ࡊ࡙ ࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚ࡌࠊ EUA ฝ∟∸ 2005 ᖳ Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬᏕ࣭࣊ࢪࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀″ ̿ങⓏㄢᰕ̿ Bernadette Conraths Hanne Smidt EUA ࡢḚᕗ 45 ࣧᅗࡡኬᏕ࡛ᅗහᏕ㛏ఌ㆗ࡡ⾪⤄⧂࡚ࡌࠊEUA ࡡ㈈ຸࡢ㸡ຊ┍ᅆమࡡኣᵕᛮ࡛ ㏻ᖈࡡ㔔さᛮࢅヾㆉࡊࡼ㸡Ḛᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜᩅ⫩࡛◂✪ࡡㄢࡡཱིࡿࡒࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡⓆᒈࢅಀ㐅ࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡌࠊ EUA ࡢ㸡⛸ࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡛ຊ┍ᅆమࡡࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ࡛ࣛ ࣭ࢱ࣭ࢨࢴࣈࢅᙁࡊ㸡Ḛᕗහ㒂࡚㸡ࡱࡒḚᕗ࡛ୠ⏲ࡡࡡᆀᇡ࡛ࡡ㛣࡚㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩࡛◂✪࡞࠽ ࡄࡾࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭ࢨࢴࣈࢅಀ㐅ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘ᣞࡊ࡙࠷ࡱࡌࠊ ḚᕗኬᏕ༝ఌ Rue d’Egmont 13 1000 Brussels Belgium 㞹リ㸯+32-2 230 55 44 FAX㸯+32-2 230 57 51 www.eua.be ⴥషᶊף2005 ḚᕗኬᏕ༝ఌ ↋᩷㌹㍍ࢅ⚏ࡍࠊࡆࡡሒࡢ㸡ሒ″よࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㝀ࡽ㸡㟸ႜฺ┘Ⓩ࡚⮤⏜࡞⏕࣬々⿿ࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸝ⴥషᶊ⩽㸯ḚᕗኬᏕ༝ఌ㸞ࠊ ࡆࡡฝ∟∸ࡢ 1 㒂 10 ࣭࡚ࣗࣞථᡥྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊἸᩝࡡ㝷ࡢ௧ୖ࡞㏻⤙ࡡࡆ࡛ࠊ [email protected] ࡱࡒࡢ European University Association asbl Rue d’Egmont 13 1000 Brussels, Belgium 㞹リ㸯+32-2 230 55 44 FAX㸯+32-2 230 57 51 ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡ㞹Ꮔࣁ࣭ࢩࣘࣤࡢ www.eua.be ࡞࠽࠷࡙↋ᩩ࡚㛸のྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡢ㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻࡡᨥᥴࢅᚋ࡙ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡහᐖࡢ㸡ᚪࡍࡊࡵḚᕗභྜྷమࡡ❟ሔࢅཬ᫆ࡊ࡙࠽ࡼࡍ㸡Ḛᕗභྜྷమࡡ㈈௴ࢅఔ࠹ࡵࡡ ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ ┘ ḗ ࡢࡊࡀ ㅨ ㎙ Ϩ㸣さ ⣑ ϩ㸣ᗆ ㄵ 1㸣᪁Ἢㄵ㸯ㄢᰕࡡ⠂ᅑ࡛හᐖ 2㸣ሒࡡᥞ♟ 3㸣ᅏ㞬࡛โ⣑ Ϫ㸣◂✪ࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦࢨࢪࢷ࣑㸯ၡ㢗Ⅴ 1㸣පⓏ◂✪㈠㔘㒼ฦࢨࢪࢷ࣑ 2㸣◂✪㈠㔘ࡡ㈀″࡛ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡን 3㸣አ㒂ࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦ 4㸣ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈠㔘㒼ฦ 㸪㸣㈠㔘㒼ฦࡈࡿࡾ◂✪ࡡࢰࣈ㸯ᇱ♇◂✪࡛ᚺ⏕◂✪ 6㸣Ꮥ㝷◂✪࡛ኬᏕ㛣ࡡභྜྷ◂✪ ϫ㸣㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡၡ㢗Ⅴ 1㸣࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸯࣍ࢹ࣑ࢴࣈ࣬ࢹࢴࣈࢱࣤࡡⓆᒈ 2㸣ᨳ➿࡛ᡋ␆㸯ࢠࣛࢷ࣏࢜ࣜࢪ࡛ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡡᵋ⠇ 3㸣㈠㔘㒼ฦ࡛ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ 4㸣ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ㸯㔔さὩິ̿̿ᑚぞᶅ㈠㔘㒼ฦ̿̿இࡊ࠷ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᩝ 5㸣◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ⟮⌦㸯ᑍ㛓ࡡᚪさᛮ 6㸣ெⓏ㈠″ࡡၡ㢗㸯ฺ≟Ἓ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ⛁ᏕⓏ⬗ງࡡ⫩ᠺ Ϭ㸣ᥞ ゕ ϭ㸣῟㈠ᩩ㸯ㄢᰕ࡞ཤຊࡊࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭 Ϯ㸣ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ୌの ࡢࡊࡀ ኬᏕࡢ㸡Ḛᕗኬ㝛ධᅰ࡞࠽࠷࡙Ḛᕗࡡ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ኬࡀ㈁⊡ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿ ࡡᅗࡷᶭ㛭ࡡ⫴ᬊࡡ୯࡚ኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡞ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㈠㔘ᣈฝࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅࡱ࡛ࡴࡒ ሒࡢ࡛ࢆ࠷ࠊࡱࡒ㸡ᩅ⫩࡛◂✪ࡡ⤎ࡦࡗࡀࢅᙁࡴ㸡Ḛᕗ◂✪ᅥ㸝European Research Area㸞 ࡡᵋ⠇ࡡ㈁⊡ࢅᙁࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾ୯࡚㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭├㟻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾၡ㢗࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵࡱ࡛ࡱࡖ ࡒሒ࡛ࢆᏋᅹࡊ࠷ࠊපⓏ㈠㔘ࢅࡴࡃࡾ❿ணቌኬࡌࡾ࡛࡛ࡵ࡞㸡࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ኣᵕࡌࡾ Ꮥ⏍ࡡᩅ⫩㸡◂✪Ὡິࡡ❿ணງࡡᙁ㸡ኣᵕ≟Ἓୖ࡚ࡡ▩ㆉࡡᬉཀྵ࡛⛛㌹ࡡ㈁⊡ࢅ♣ఌࡱ ࡌࡱࡌኬᏕ࡞ᙽࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒㅎㄚ㢗ࡡヾㆉࡢ≁࡞㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ EUA ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻ࠾ࡼ㸡ࡆࡡᐁ⾔ྊ⬗ᛮㄢᰕࡡጟォࢅུࡄࡒࡆ࡛ࢅᎪࡊࡂᛦࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ EUA ࡢ㸡ኬᏕ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙୯ᰶⓏ㔔さᛮࢅᣚࡗࡆࡡࢷ࣭࣏࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳࡆ࡛ྊ ⬗࡞ࡖࡒࠊᮇㄢᰕࡢ㸡㉽ເ࡛ၡ㢗Ⅴࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊ㸡2004 ᖳ 4 ᭮࡞࢙࣭ࣛࢩ࡚ࣖ㛜࠾ࡿࡾ EC ఌ㆗ࠔ2020 ᖳࡡḚᕗ▩ㆉ♣ఌ㸯ኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡࣄࢩࣘࣤࠕ࡞㈁⊡ࡌࡾࡆ ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ࡙⾔ࢂࡿࡒࠊEUA ࡡ◂✪⩽ཱིࡽ⤄ࢆࡓ㡧ࡢ㸡ᅗ࡞ࡻࡾ◂✪㈠㔘ᣈฝ࡛࠷࠹々㞟 ࡚ኣᒪ࡞ࢂࡒࡾၡ㢗㸡࠽ࡻࡦḚᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪㈀″࡛ࡐࡡ㐘ႜࡡᐁ㝷࡞㛭ࡌࡾ ങⓏㄢᰕ࡛ࡖࡒࠊ➱⩽ࡼࡢ㸡さലྡྷࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡒࡡ࡞ຊ࠻㸡⤎ㄵ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭㸡ᅗ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜໜᣋⓏሒᇱ┑ࢅ㛜Ⓠ࣬┐っࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࡻ࠹㸡ࡆ ࡡฦ㔕࡚ࡡ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ࡡ◂✪࡛ኬぞᶅㄢᰕ࠾ࡽ᪡᛬࡞ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᣞᦤࡊࡒࠊࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ Ὡິࢅ⾔࠹࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙ࡢ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡኬᏕฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾᐁ㝷Ⓩࢸ࣭ࢰ⟮⌦࡛ሒࡡࢵ࣭ࣜࡡ᳠ ゞࢅྱࡳࡆ࡛㔔さ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ◂✪୕ࡡโ⣑ࡢ࠵ࡖࡒࡵࡡࡡ㸡ኬᏕᐰኬ࡞ࡵࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᶭ㛭ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙ࡂࡓࡈࡖ ࡒ࠽࠾ࡅ࡚㸡ࡆࡡᐁ⾔ྊ⬗ᛮㄢᰕࡢኣ᪁㟻࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡၡ㢗ࢅᥞ㉫ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ࡛ EUA ࡢ⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊᚃࡆࡿࡼ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ௗ⣵࡞᳠ゞࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛᭻ࡱࡿࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿ ࡒ㈀″࡛࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࡡ々㞟ၡ㢗ࡢ㸡ᚃࡡ EUA ࡡὩິ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㔔さⅤࡡ㸦ࡗ࡛ࡾࡢࡍ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ Eric Froment ఌ㛏 ㅨ ㎙ ࡆࡡᐁ⾔ྊ⬗ᛮㄢᰕࡢ㸡㟸ᖏ࡞ཚࡊ࠷㛣Ⓩࢪࢢࢩ࣭ࣖࣜࡡ୯࡚㈻ၡ᭡࡞オථࡊ㸡々㞟㈀ຸ ࢸ࣭ࢰ̿̿ࡊࡣࡊࡣࡱ࡛ࡴ࡞ኣࡂࡡ㛣࠾࠾ࡾ̿̿ࢅ㞗ࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡒ EUA ຊ┍ 39 ኬᏕࡡᨥᥴ ࡛✒ᴗⓏ༝ງࡄࡿࡣᐁ⌟ࡈࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡼࡌ࡙ࡡᶭ㛭࡞ᚨ࠾ࡼវㅨࡌࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡ࡆ ࠹ࡊࡒኬᏕ࡞ᡜᒌࡌࡾெࠍ㞹リㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙㛣࡛ᑍ㛓▩ㆉࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙ࡂࡓࡈࡖࡒࡆ࡛㸡ࡐ ࡿࡑࡿࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡኣᵕ≟Ἓࡷᡋ␆ࢅ⌦よࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡀࢂࡴ࡙㈏㔔ሒ࡞ࡖࡒࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡 EUA ࡢ㸡ᅗࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᥞ౩ࡈࡿࡒ◂✪㈠㔘࡞㛭ࡌࡾධᅗⓏ≟Ἓࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵវㅨ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ຊ࠻࡙㸡࡛ࡀ࡞ᅏ㞬◂✪࡛ᇮ➱ࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡞࠽࠷࡙ᢙࠍ࡞➱⩽ࡼࢅᨥᥴࡊ࡙ࡂࡓࡈࡖࡒ EUA ࡡྜྷേࡼ࡞ࡵវㅨࢅ⾪ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ ᭩ᚃ࡞㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰ㞗ࡡභ㏳ࡡࣂࢰ࣭ࣤᏋᅹࡌࡾฦ㔕̿̿ᅗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡌࡼᏋᅹࡊ࠷̿̿࡞ ࠽࠷࡙㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰࢅ⤣ୌࡌࡾ㝷࡞➱⩽ࡼࡡࢲ࣭࣑ኣࡂࡡᅏ㞬࡞├㟻ࡊࡒࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡Ḛᕗ◂✪ᅥ࡛ ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪ㄚ㢗ࢅ๑㐅ࡈࡎࡾ࡞ࡢࡐࡡࡻ࠹ࠔങⓏࠕ◂✪࠷࠾࡞㔔さ࡚ ࠵ࡾ࠾᪺☔࡞ࡖࡒࠊࢼ࣭ࢫ࡛ၡ㢗Ⅴࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᑑᮮࡡ⾔ິゝ⏤ࢅᙟᠺࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ᙲ❟ࡗ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪࢅಀ㐅ࡊ࡙ࡂࡓࡈࡖࡒḚᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻ࡞ࡵវㅨࡡណ ࢅ⾪ࡊࡒ࠷ࠊ Bernadette Contraths, Hanne Smidt, Kate Geddie㸝EUA㸞 Ϩ㸣さ ⣑ ⫴ᬊ࡛┘ Ⓩ EUA ࡞ࡻࡾᮇㄢᰕࡢ㸡ኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡓࡖࡒലྡྷ ࡛ິࡀࢅᴣふࡊ㸡ሒ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙Ḛᕗࡡᨳ➿㆗ㄵࢅ⾔࠹ᚪさ࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡2004 ᖳ๑༖࡞ᐁ᪃ ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡ┘Ⓩࡢ㸡మ⣌Ⓩࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ㞗ࡼࡦ࡞Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ ㈠㔘㒼ฦࡡさ⣪ࡡฦᯊ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㸡ࡐࡡᚪさᛮ࡛ྊ⬗᪁Ἢࢅᥝࡀฝࡌࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊᮇㄢᰕࡢ㸡 Ḛᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻ⛁Ꮥ࣬♣ఌᑻࡡຐ㔘࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ㄢᰕࢅ⾔࠹࡞࠵ࡒࡽ㸡EUA ࡢ㸡EUA ຊ┍ᅆమࡡ࠹ࡔ 34 ࡡᅗහᏕ㛏ఌ㆗㸝ᣉኬ EU ࡡ 25 ࣧᅗ ࢅྱࡳ㸞࠾ࡼᨥᥴࢅᚋࡒࠊᏕ㛏ఌ㆗࡞ࡢ࡞ 2 ࡗࡡᙲࢅ౪㢏ࡊࡒࠊ➠ୌ࡞㸡ኬᏕࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦ࡞㛭ࡌࡾධᅗⓏሒ″࡞ࢠࢬࢪ࡚ࡀࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛㸡➠࡞㸡ࡆ ࡡㄢᰕ࡞✒ᴗⓏ࡞ሒᥞ౩ࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡾ◂✪ὩິὩⓆኬᏕࡡࢦࣤࣈࣜࢅ᥆ⷸࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ EUA ࡢ㸡㈻ၡ᭡ཀྵࡦࣆ࢚࣭ࣞࢴࣈ㞹リㄢᰕࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡㈏㔔ሒࡡᥞ౩࡞ཤຊࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡒ EUA ຊ┍ኬᏕ̿̿23 ࣧᅗࡡ 39 ኬᏕ㸝ࡌ࡙ࡡཤຊኬᏕࡡୌのࡢ῟㈠ᩩ࡞オ㍍㸞̿̿࡞ࡂវ ㅨࡌࡾࠊୌ㒂ࡡᶭ㛭࡞ᇱࡘࡂ▩ぜࢅḚᕗධమࡡࣝ࣊ࣜ࡞⛛ࡊን࠻ࡾ࡞ࡢἸណᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ㸡Ḛ ᕗࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࢅಀ㐅ࡌࡾ୕࡚ỬᏽⓏ࡞㔔ささᅄ࡚࠵ࡾኬᏕࣝ࣊ ࡚ࣜࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ࡛Ⓠᒈࡡୌ㏻ࡡၡ㢗᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿࡒࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ᴗࡴ ࡙᭯─࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠻ࡾࠊ ᪺ࡼ࠾࡛ ࡖࡒ ▩ぜࡡ さ⣑ 1㸣㛣Ⓩࢪࢢࢩ࣭ࣖࣜ㟸ᖏ࡞ཚࡊࡂ㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰ㞗ࡡㇿᢰኬࡀ࠾ࡖࡒ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ ኬᏕࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡞✒ᴗⓏ࡞ཤຊࡊ࡙ᶭ㛭ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡሒࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡ኬᏕ ◂ ✪ ࣬ ࢿ ࣊ ࣭ ࢨ ࣘ ࣤ ࡡ ㈀ ″ࢅ ࡴ ࡃ ࡾ さ ၡ 㢗ࢅ 㔔 っ ࡊ ࡙ ࠷ ࡾ ࡆ ࡛ ࡡ ッ ᕞ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊኬᏕ ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ◂✪࡛◂✪⩽ࡡⓆᒈ࡞࠽࠷࡙㔔さᙲ࡛㈈௴ࢅᢰࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅヾㆉࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡 ࡐࡿࡹ࠻㸡Ḛᕗධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡᨳ➿㆗ㄵ࡞࠽࠷࡙㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ⮤ฦࡒࡔࡡណぜࢅఎ࠻ࡾ ᚪさ࠵ࡾ࡛ᙁࡂវࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 2㸣 ᅗ ࡡ ㈠ 㔘 㒼 ฦ ࡡ ᵋ ㏸ ࡞ ࡢ ⴥ ࡊ ࠷ ᕣ ␏ ࠵ࡽ 㸡 ࢸ ࣭ ࢰ 㞗 㸡 㐘 ႜ 㸡 ⟤ 㒼 ฦ ࡵኬ Ꮥ ࡇ ࡛࡞ኬࡀ ࡂ␏ ࡾࡆ࡛ࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙☔ヾࡈࡿࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢḚᕗධమ࡚ኬᏕࡡ◂✪⎌ሾࢅẒ ㍉ࡌࡾ୕࡚ኬࡀၡ㢗ࢅᥞ㉫ࡌࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡ኬᏕࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ࡛㐘ႜ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ኬぞᶅᨭ㠁ࡡࣈ ࣞࢬࢪ㐅⾔ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡀࢂࡴ࡙ኣᵕḚᕗ࡛࠷࠹ࢨࢻ࢛ࣛ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡Ὦິ Ⓩ≟ឺ ࡞࠵ ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ ࡆ࡛ ။ୌࡡ භ㏳Ⅴ ࡚࠵ࡾ ࠊ 3㸣ᅗࡡ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ㸝R&I㸞ᨥฝࡢ 1995 ᖳ࠾ࡼ 2001 ᖳࡡ㛣࡞࠵ࡱࡽቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ ࠷㸡ࢦࣤࣈࣜࡡ୯࡚ࡢ㸡2 ࡗࢅ㝎ࡂࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕྜྷࡋ 㛣 ࡞ R& I ࡡᨥฝ ⥪㢘ࢅ ኬᖕ࡞ ቌຊࡈࡎ ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ቌ΅ᖕࡢ 0.92㹳6.11㸡ᖲᆍ㸲2.2907㸞 ࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ▩ぜ♟ࡌណ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ ࡈࡼ࡞レࡊࡂ᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 4㸣ᅗࡡ㈀″࡞ẒḚᕗ㈀″࠾ࡼᚋ࡙࠷ࡾ㈠㔘㢘 ࡢ ┞ᑊⓏ࡞ᑚ ࡈ࠷ ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡ኬᏕࡢ◂ ✪ ὩິࢅⓆ ᒈࡈࡎ ࡾࡒࡴ ࡞Ḛᕗ ࣝ࣊ࣜ ࢅ㔔っ ࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ≁࡞㸡୯Ḛ࠽ࡻࡦ᮶Ḛࡡ ኣࡂࡡኬᏕḚᕗᵋ㏸ᇱ㔘㸝European Structural Funds㸞ࡡࢠࢬࢪࢅ᭻ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊḚᕗ ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ ᚃⓆ ᒈࡈࡎ ࡾࡀ ඁ 㡧 ࡢ㸡 ኬᏕ㛣༝ ງ㸡Ꮥ 㝷Ⓩ◂ ✪㸡◂✪ ᣈⅤ㸡 ༡ ኃㄚ⛤ࡡ ᩅ⫩࡚ ࠵ࡾ࡛ ⩻࠻ࡼ ࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊ 5㸣ୌ⯙࡞㸡㈀ ″ࡢ ᚃࡵ ኣᵕ ࢅ ⤾ ࡄࡾ ࡚࠵ ࢀ ࠹ ࡛ῼࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡አ㒂㈠㔘″ࡡኣᵕࡡ ലྡྷ㸡≁࡞❿ணⓏ࡚ᴏ⦴࡞㏻㛭ࡊࡒࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ⟤ࡡࢨࣆࢹࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡡኣࡂࡡሔ㟻࡚ᚆࠍ ࡞ᩝ ࡡን ࢅࡵ ࡒࡼ ࡊࡗࡗ ࠵ࡾ ࡛ヾㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪⩽㸡Ꮥ⛁㸡ኬᏕࡢ㸡ࡻࡽ❿ணⓏ ࡚௺ᴏᐓⓏጶເࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎ㸡⮤ฦࡒࡔࡡᴏ⦴࡞ᑊࡌࡾ࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࢅ㧏ࡴࡄࡿࡣ ࡼ࠷ࠊ 6㸣⮤ࡡቌኬࡢ㸡ࡊࡣࡊࡣපⓏ⟤ࡡ๎΅ࢅఔ࠹ࠔࢡ࣭ࣞࣁࣜࠕ⟤ᙟឺ࡞㌹ᥦࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ ࡾ㸡ࡐࡿ࡞ࡢ㈕⏕࡛㈀ຸ⟮⌦ࡡ࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷ࡛㏩᪺ᛮࢅ㧏ࡴࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡛ࡈࡿࡾࠊ ࡆࡡࡒࡴ㸡ࡱࡌࡱࡌኣࡂࡡኬᏕ㸡㐘ႜ ࡛ఌゝ ࡡ ᵋ㏸ࢅኬ ᖕ࡞ን 㠁ࡌࡾ ࡛࠷࠹ㄚ㢗࡞❟ࡔྡྷ ࠾ࢂࡉࡾࢅᚋࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࢟ࣛࢪ௧አࡡᮇㄢᰕࢦࣤࣈ࡚ࣜࡢୌ⯙࡞㸡◂✪Ὡິࡡ㈕⏕㸡 ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ㈕⏕ࡡゝ⟤࡛㒼ฦ࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾ᪁㔢ኬᏕහ࡚᪺☔࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᕣ␏ 㟸ᖏ࡞ኬࡀࡂ㸡ࡱࡒථ㈕⏕ࢅ㈝࠷วࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻㸡ኬᏕ࠽ࡻࡦࡐࡡᵋᠺさ⣪࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾ㛏Ⓩ࡞ᣚ⤾ྊ⬗◂✪ࡡⓆᒈ⬛࠾ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 7㸣ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡ᑍ㛓 ⫃⬗ງ 㛜Ⓠࡡ ၡ㢗 ࡱࡌࡱ ࡌ 㔔さ࡞ ࡖ࡙࠷ ࡾ࡛⩻ ࠻ࡼࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾ ࠊ a㸣༡ኃㄚ⛤ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆ࣬◂✪⩽ࢅ㣬ᠺࡊ㸡ࡐࡡ⬗ງࢅ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹Ⓠᒈࡈࡎࡾ ࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪᪁㔢ࢅᨥᣚࡊ◂✪⬗ງࢅᙁࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡ㔔さᡋ␆࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ヾ ㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐ࠹ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡛ࡾࡡࡢ㸡࡛ࡽࢂࡄ㸡አ㒂◂✪㈠㔘ࡡ⋋ᚋࢅ┘ᣞࡊࡐ ࡿࢅ⟮⌦ࡌࡾࡆ࡛㸡◂✪⩽㸡≁࡞࢞ࣔࣛิ࡞࠵ࡾ◂✪⩽ࡡ㔖ࢅቌኬࡈࡎ࡙ࡊࡱ࠹ ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⌟ᅹࡢ㸡◂✪⩽ࡷᑍ㛓ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡐࡡࡻ࠹ᴏຸࢅ⾔࠹ࡒࡴࡡ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹᩅ ⫩ࡷ㈠㔘㟻ࡡᨥᥴ࡛ࢆࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ b㸣ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒലྡྷࡢࡌ࡙㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᶭ㛭࡞≁᭯ࡡ⫴ᬊࡷᩝࢅ⩻៎࡞ථࡿ࡙ኬᏕࡡ◂✪⟮⌦ ࢅ࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ᑍ㛓ࡈࡎࡾᚪさᛮ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ c㸣୯Ḛ࠽ࡻࡦ᮶ḚࡡኬᏕࡢ≁࡞㸡༡ኃㄚ⛤ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡡⓆᒈࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙ᑑᮮࡡெⓏ㈠″ࡡ⬗ງᵋ ⠇ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛࡞✒ᴗⓏ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ 8㸣ࢦࣤࣈࣜ࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡒッᣈࡢ㸡ኣࡂࡡኬᏕࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᵋ㏸࡛ὩິࡡⓆᒈ࡞࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࢅኬᏕࡡ୯ᚨⓏ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ཱིࡽ㎲ࡳࡒࡴࡡิࡡᡥṹཱིࡼ ࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ᢇ⾙⛛㌹ᐄࡡス⨠ࡷ⏐Ꮥභྜྷୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞ࡽࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ⥪ྙኬ Ꮥ࡚ࡢ㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࡡమ⣌ⓏᨥᥴࡢẒ㍉Ⓩ࿔㎰Ⓩၡ㢗࡞࡛ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡 ኣࡂࡡኬᏕ㸡▯Ⓩᚺ⏕◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹྡྷࡄࡡአ㒂㈠㔘࡞㢏ࡽࡌࡁࡾ࡛㛏Ⓩᇱ♇◂ ✪ࢂࡿࡾ༱㝜ᛮ࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 9㸣≁ ࡞㸡୯ ᰶⓏ ◂✪ ⟤ ࡛ࢆ Ꮛᅹࡊ ࠷ E U ᩺ຊ ┍ᅗࡢ ኬࡀ ၡ㢗࡞ ├㟻ࡊ ࡙ ࠷ࡾ ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒㅎᅗ࡚ࡢ㸡࢜ࢸ ࣐ࢴࢠ ࢪࢰࢴ ࣆࡡ㣬 ᠺ ᶭ㛭ᡋ ␆ࡡ ᭩๑⥲ ࡞న ⨠ࡘࡄࡼ ࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾ ࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡ኣࡂࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭㸡ᮮࡾࡀḚᕗ◂✪ᅥࡡၡ㢗࡞ᑊࡊ࡙༎ฦ ‵ങࢅᩒ࠻ࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ϩ㸣ᗆ ㄵ EU ࡢ㸡ࣛࢪ࣍ࣤ࠽ࡻࡦࣁࣜࢬࣞࢻ㸝2002 ᖳ㸞࡞࠽࠷࡙◂✪㛜Ⓠࡡ㔕ᚨⓏ┘ᵾࢅᏽࡴࡒࠊࡌ ࢂࡔ㸡ୠ⏲࡚᭩ࡵ❿ணງࡡ࠵ࡾ▩ㆉ♣ఌ࡞ࡽ㸡◂✪㛜Ⓠࡡᢖ㈠ࢅኬᖕ࡞ᘤࡀ୕ࡅ࡙ 2010 ᖳ ࡱ࡚࡞ GDP ࡡ 3㸚࡞ࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ኬᏕࡢ㸡▩ㆉࡡ㏸࡛ᬉཀྵࡡᙲࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡Ḛᕗ♣ఌࡡࡆࡡኬぞᶅཱི⤄ࡲࡡ୯ᚨ࡞࠷ࡄࡿ ࡣࡼ࠷ࠊྜྷ࡞㸡❿ண⃥ࡊࡈࢅቌࡊ㸡ࡊࡣࡊࡣපⓏ⟤΅ᑛࡌࡾୠ⏲ࡡ୯࡚㸡◂✪࡛㧏 ➴ᩅ⫩ࡡᙲࡒࡾኬᏕࡢ᰷ᮇⓏንࢅ⤊㥺ࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊᅗࡢࡵࡢࡷ။ୌࡡ㈀″࡚ࡢࡂ㸡ኬᏕ ࡢኣᵕ㈀″ࢅ᥀ࡈࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊࡱࡒ㸡ኣࡂࡡሔྙ㸡ኬᏕࡡὩິ࡞௺ᴏⓏࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࡷ ㌶ᛮࢅཱིࡽථࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡵᚪさ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ EUA ࡢ㸡ḚᕗࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀″࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡈࡼࡾ▩ぜࢅᚋࡾࡒࡴ㸡 2004 ᖳ 1 ᭮㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡᐁ᪃ࢅጟォࡈࡿࡒࠊิṹ㝭࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡛ ࡖࡒ▩ぜࡢ㸡 ◂✪⥪ᑻ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ 2004 ᖳ 4 ᭮ 26㸢28 ࡞࢙࣭ࣛࢩ࡚ࣖ㛜തࡈࡿࡒኬぞᶅఌ㆗ࠔ2020 ᖳࡡḚᕗ▩ㆉ♣ఌ̿ኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᵋ̿ࠕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ┘Ⓩࡢ㸡ᆀ᪁㸡ᅗ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ㸡◂✪㈠㔘ࡡㄚ㢗࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࡻ࠹࡞ᑊᚺࡊ࡙ ࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࢅよ᪺ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞࠵ࡾࠊḚᕗ 45 ࣧᅗࡡ 750 ኬᏕ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ 35 ࣧᅗࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗ࡡ⾪⤄⧂ ࡚࠵ࡾ EUA ࡢ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡛ࡐࡡ◂✪Ὡິ├㟻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾᅸງࢅ༎ฦ࡞ヾㆉࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡EUA ࡡὩິࡡ୯࡚ࡢ◂✪ฦ㔕࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾὩິࡡẒ⋙㧏ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊEUA ࡢࡆࡿࡱ࡚ኣࡂࡡᶭఌࢅ㏳ ࡋ࡙㸡ሒᇱ┑ࢅᨭၻࡊ࡙㠁᩺Ⓩ㈠㔘ᡋ␆ࢅ᥀ịࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡡ㔔さᛮࢅᙁㄢࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ ᭩㎾࡚ࡢ㸡 ࠔḚᕗ▩ㆉ♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬᏕࡡᙲࠕ࡞㛭ࡌࡾḚᕗጟဤఌࡡሒ࿈᭡㸝ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ୌのཤ↯㸞 ࡡᑊᚺࡡ୯࡚㸡ࡆࡿࢅᙁㄢࡊࡒࠊࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡛ࡖࡒ㡧ࡢ㸡௧୕ࡡⅤࡷࡐࡡࡡ㛭㏻ ࡌࡾࢼ࣭ࢫࢅࡈࡼ࡞ᨥᣚ࠽ࡻࡦ☔ヾࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡞ຊ࠻㸡2004 ᖳ 4 ᭮ࡡ࢙࣭ࣛࢩࣖఌ㆗࡞ኬࡀࡂ㈁ ⊡ࡊ㸡ࡱࡒ EURAB㸝European Union Research Advisory Board㸡ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ୌのཤ↯㸞ࡡኣᵕ ᥞゕࢅᨥᣚࡌࡾහᐖ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ḚᕗࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡢ㸡㛣㐢࠷ࡂ㸡❿ணⓏ▩ㆉ♣ఌ࣬⤊ ῥࡡ᛬㏷⛛⾔࡞࠽࠷࡙㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࢬࢠࢰ࣭├㟻ࡌࡾኬࡀㄚ㢗ࡡୌࡗ࡞ࡾ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡ࡛ࢆࡡㄢᰕࡢᅗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡපⓏ◂✪㈠㔘ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࢅ୯ᚨ࡛ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡆ ࡛࡞㚯ࡲ㸡ᅂࡡㄢᰕࡢណㆉⓏ࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡぜよ࡞Ⅴࢅ⨠࠷ࡒࡵࡡ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ OECD ࡛ࡐࡡ IMHE㸡࠽ࡻࡦḚᕗጟဤఌ◂✪⥪ᑻ⾔ࡖࡒᅗฦᯊ㸡Ẓ㍉⩻ᐳ㸡ິྡྷ㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰ㸡 ንさᅄ㸡ᅗࡡ᪁㔢ᮇ◂✪ࡡᇱ♇ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ᥞ౩࡞㛭ࡌࡾ◂✪ࡷሒප㛜ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡢഷᑛࡱࡱ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ㸡ᮇㄢᰕࡢ㸡ࡌ࡙ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡂ᰷ࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾᅗᐓࡷṌྍࡷ♣ఌࡡ⌟ ≟ࢅ࡚ࡀࡾ㝀ࡽ⩻៎ࡊࡼ㸡≁࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ᪁㔢㸡࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡ៈ⾔࡞↯‵ࢅྙ ࢂࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ኬᏕᮇㄢᰕࡡཤຊࢅᛄㅑࡊ࡙ࡂࡿࡒࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡ࡆࡆ࡚ᥞ㉫ࡈࡿࡾㄚ㢗࡞Ⓩ㔔さᛮ࠵ ࡾࡆ࡛㸡࠽ࡻࡦࡆࡿࡼࡡ㔔ኬࢷ࣭࣏࡞㛭ࡌࡾḚᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㆗ㄵ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ༝ງ࡛㈁⊡࡞㸡ኬᏕ ⣟⢃㛭ᚨࢅᐞࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅዯᐁ࡞♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊḚᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪୯ᚨኬᏕࡡᗀ⠂ౚࡢ㸡 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡጶ࡛ᨳ➿Ⓠᒈ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⋙├ណぜࢅභ᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ➱⩽ࡼࡢ㸡ࡆࡆ࠾ࡼ㸡ᑑᮮࡆ ࡡฦ㔕࡚ࡡḚᕗࡡ㆗ㄵ࡛⾔ິࢅᑙࡂࡡ࡞ᙲ❟ࡗ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾ᩺ࡊ࠷භ㏳ㄚ㢗࡛ࢼ࣭ࢫࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒࠊ 1㸣 ᪁Ἢㄵ 㸯ㄢᰕ ࡡ⠂ᅑ ࡛හᐖ ᮇㄢᰕࡢ㸡2004 ᖳ 4 ᭮ࡡ◂✪⥪ᑻࡡ࢙࣭ࣛࢩࣖఌ㆗࡞ᑊࡌࡾሒᥞ౩ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡞ゝ⏤ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡐ ࡿࡹ࠻➱⩽ࡼࡢ㸡3 ࣧ᭮ఴࡽࡡ㛣࡛㝀ࡼࡿࡒ㈠″ࡡ࠾࡚㸡々㞟ㄚ㢗࡞㛭ࡌࡾẒ㍉ྊ⬗ ࢸ࣭ࢰ″࡞ᇱࡘࡂḚᕗධమࡡᖕᗀ࠷ㄢᰕ࠾ࡼ⤎ᯕࢅฝࡈࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡐࡆ࡚㸡ᮇㄢᰕ ࡚ࡢ࡞㸡ᣉኬḚᕗࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡡິࡀ࡛රమⓏലྡྷࢅㄢ ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊࡒࠊḚᕗࡡ≟Ἓࢅ⡷ᅗ㸡࢜ࢻࢱ㸡ᮇࡡ⌟ᐁ࡛Ẓ㍉ࡌࡾࡆ࡛᭻ࡱࡊ࠷࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ ࡒ㸡ࡆࡿࡢ㛣ཀྵࡦ㈠″ࡡโ⣑㸡㞗ࡈࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰࡡẒ㍉ᅏ㞬ࡈࡡࡒࡴ࡞ᐁ᪃࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ➱⩽ࡼࡢ㸡ㅎㄚ㢗ࡡ⌟≟㸡ንさᅄ㸡᩺ࡒິྡྷ㸡ᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡒࢼ࣭ࢫࢅᢍᥩࡌࡂຑࡴࡒࠊ ࡹ࠻࡞㸡ᮇሒ࿈᭡ࡢ㸡ḚᕗኬᏕࡡ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡࡞࠽࠷࡙ᗀࡂぜࡼࡿࡾὮິⓏ ⌟≟ࡡࢪࢻࢴࣈࢨࣘࢴࢹ࡛⾪⌟ࡌࡾ࠹ḿ☔࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ㞗࡛ฦᯊ࡞ࡢ௧ୖࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒࠊ 1㸣 a㸣๑ ◂✪࣬ ⌟≟ฦ ᯊ ࡱࡍ㸡ᨳᗋ㸡ᅗහᅆమ㸡ᅗࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᅗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜᐁ᪃ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾㄢᰕ㸡OECD㸡 EUROSTAT㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ㸡⡷ᅗࡡධ⡷⛁Ꮥ㈀ᅆ㸝NSF㸞㸡ࣤࢡࣚࣤࢺ㧏➴ᩅ⫩㈀ᨳ࢜ࣤࢨࣜ 㸝HEFCE㸞ࡡḚᕗ࠽ࡻࡦᅗ㝷Ⓩᅆమ࡞ࡻࡾ⤣ゝ㸡ࡼࡦ࡞ḚᕗኬᏕࡡ◂✪㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡡ≟Ἓࢅ ⩻ᐳࡊࡒࢢ࣭ࢪࢪࢰࢸ㸡ප⾪ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾሒࢅᇱ࡞◂✪㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡡິྡྷ࡛ᐁ㊰࡞㛭ࡌࡾฦ ᯊࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ㸝ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡ୌのཤ↯㸞ࠊ 1㸣 b㸣ᅗ Ꮥ㛏ఌ ㆗ࡡ ࣤࢢ ࣭ࢹㄢ ᰕ ᣉኬḚᕗࡡ 25 ࣧᅗ࠽ࡻࡦࢪࢪ㸡ࢿ࣭ࣜ࢘㸡ࢪࣚࣤࢺࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗࡞ᑊࡊ㸡ᅗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡࡞㛭ࡌࡾ⌟≟࡛᪁㔢ࡡᴣさࢅᑙࡀฝࡌࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊࡒࣤࢢ ࣭ࢹ⏕⣤ࢅ㏞ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡡሒᅗืࡡሒฌ⌦࣭࢜ࢺ࡞ࡱ࡛ࡴࡼࡿ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡሒࡡฦ ᯊࢅ⾔࠹㝷ࡡ⫴ᬊ࡛ࡊ࡙⏕࠷ࡼࡿࡒࠊ 1㸣c 㸣ᶭ㛭 ࢸ࣭ࢰ ࡡ㞗 Ꮥ㛏ఌ㆗ࡢ㸡ᅗࡡሒࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡡ࡞ຊ࠻㸡ࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡞ཤຊࡌࡾណᚷࡡ࠵ࡾ◂✪ὩິὩⓆ ኬᏕࡡౚࢅぜࡗࡄࡾࡂ EUA ࡞༝ງࡊࡒࠊ◂✪ὩິὩⓆ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ึ᩷ࡈࡿࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ 㛭࡞ࡢᮇㄢᰕࡡཤຊさㄫࡈࡿ㸡ࣤࢢ࣭ࢹㄢᰕ࡞ࡻࡾሒᥞ౩ࡼࡦ࡞ࡐࡡᚃࡡࣤࢰࣄࣖ ࣭ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙ࡡ㊂ሒࡡᥞ౩ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡒࠊ 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࣤࢢ࣭ࢹㄢᰕࡢ㸡◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀″࡛ᨥฝ㸡ಀ㐅ᡋ␆㸡࣏ࢾࢩ ࣒ࣤࢹ㸡㈻ಕッࣈࣞࢬࢪ㸡ິྡྷ㸡ᑑᮮࡡῼ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ሒࢅ㞗ࡌࡂ௺⏤ࡈࡿࡒࠊࣤࢢ࣭ࢹ ⏕⣤ࡢⱝㄊ࡚᭡࠾ࡿ㸡⏕ㄊࡡ⌦よࢅಀࡌࡒࡴࡡㄕ᪺῟࠻ࡼࡿࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢ 62 ࡡኬᏕ㸝ࢲ࢘ࢤභ ᅗࡡ 20 ኬᏕࢅྱࡳ㸞࡞㏞ࡼࡿ㸡23 ࣧᅗࡡ 39 ኬᏕ࠾ࡼᅂ➽ᚋࡼࡿࡒ㸝῟㈠ᩩཤ↯㸞ࠊ ᶭ㛭࡞ࡻࡾࣤࢢ࣭ࢹㄢᰕࡡങⓏฦᯊ࡞⤾ࡀ㸡◂✪Ὡິ࡞㈈௴ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾኬᏕࡡ୕⣥⫃㸡ࡌ ࢂࡔ◂✪ᢰᙔࡡᏕ㛏㸡◂✪⟮⌦ᐄࡡ⟮⌦⩽࠽ࡻࡦ㛏࡞ᑊࡊ࡙レ⣵㞹リㄢᰕࢅᐁ᪃ࡊ㸡◂✪࡛ ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ࠽ࡻࡦࡐࡡ㈠㔘ᥞ౩࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡ᡋ␆Ⓩ᪁㔢㸡ཱི⤄ࡲࢅࡴࡃࡾᇱᮇⓏ ၡ㢗࡞ᑊᚺࡊ㸡ᥞ౩ࡈࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰࢅࡈࡼ࡞᪺☔ࡈࡎࡒࠊ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ㸡࣭࣊ࣜ࢟㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤභ ᅗ1㸡ࢺࢵ㸡࢙ࢪࢹࢼ㸡ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㸡ࣀ࣭ࣤ࢝ࣛ㸡ࢰࣛ㸡࣭࣎ࣚࣤࢺ㸡ࢪ࣭࢘ࢸࣤ㸡ࢪ ࢪ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ࡚ྙゝ 19 ௲ࡡ㞹リㄢᰕᐁ⾔ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡐࡡ㐽ᢝ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙⩻៎ࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ ኬᏕࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡኣᵕᛮࡡኬࡀࡈࢅᥝࡀฝࡌࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ 2㸣 ሒࡡ ᥞ♟ 1 ࢲ࢘ࢤࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗ࡢ㸡ྜྷᅗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡሒᥞ౩࡞㛭ᚨࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡓࢀ࠹࡛ࡡᏽࡡୖ㸡ຊ┍ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾධኬᏕ࡞りࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ EUA ࡞ࡴࡒࠊࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡20 ኬ Ꮥ࠾ࡼᅂ➽ᚋࡼࡿࡒࠊ ᚋࡼࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰ࡛ሒࡢ㸡ኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡡၡ㢗࡞࡛ࡖ࡙᭩ࡵ㔔ささ⣪࡚࠵ࡾ࡛➱ ⩽ࡼ⩻࠻ࡾ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛ࡞ฦ㢦ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡌࢂࡔ㸡ᶭ㛭࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡᪁㔢࡛ᡋ␆㸡㈀″㸡 ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ᪁㔢࡛ᐁ㊰㸡◂✪࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ㸡ெⓏ㈠″࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢸ࣭ࢰࡷ㞹リㄢᰕࡡ⤎ᯕࡡୌ㒂ࡢ㸡ᑚぞᶅࢢ࣭ࢪࢪࢰࢸࡱࡒࡢ⮾࠷ᐁ㊰ౚ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡱ࡛ ࡴࡼࡿ㸡ࡐࡿࡼࡢ≁ᏽၡ㢗࡞ᑊࡌࡾኣᵕࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࡡ࠵ࡽ᪁ࢅ♟ࡌࡵࡡ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ≁࡞㔔Ⅴ࠽࠾ࡿࡒࡡࡢ௧ୖࡡ㡧┘࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡ᡋ␆Ⓩ᪁㔢㸡ណᛦ Ửᏽ ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀ຸ⟮⌦㸝ථ࡛ᨥฝ㸡⟤ࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ㸡ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤㸡ఌゝࢨࢪ ࢷ࣑㸞 㸡࠽ࡻࡦெⓏ㈠″ࡡ⟮⌦࡛⫩ᠺ㸝࢞ࣔࣛࡡ≟Ἓ㸡◂✪⩽࣬༡ኃㄚ⛤Ꮥ⏍ࡡຘ഼᮪ ௲㸞 3㸣 ㄚ㢗࡛ โ⣑ ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡ┘Ⓩ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡➱⩽ࡼࡢࡗࡡኬࡀㄚ㢗࡞├㟻ࡊࡒࠊୌࡗࡢㄢᰕ๑㸡ࢼࡗࡢㄢᰕᚃ ࡡၡ㢗࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊㄢᰕᚃ࡞├㟻ࡊࡒࡗࡡㄚ㢗ࡢ㸡ࡐࡿ⮤మ♟ြⓏ▩ぜ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡Ḛᕗࣝ࣊ࣜ ࡚⾔ິịࡴࡼࡿࡾ㡷ᇡ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 3㸣 a㸣㛣 ࡛㈠″ ิṹ㝭ࡡ▩ぜࢅࡱ࡛ࡴࡾࡱ࡚ࡡ㛣 3 ࣧ᭮ఴࡽࡊ࠾ࡂ㸡⟤ࡵ㝀ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡 ࡆࡡషᴏ࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࡇࡂᇱ♇Ⓩㄢᰕ᪁Ἢࡊ࠾ཱིࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ᮇ ㄢᰕࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ࡞࠽࠷࡙㟸ᖏ࡞ኬࡀណ⩇ࡡ࠵ࡾࢷ࣭࣏ࡡཱི⤄ࡲࢅ㛜ጙࡌࡾങⓏ➠ୌṄ࡞ࡌ ࡁ࠷ࡆ࡛᪺Ⓣ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ▩ぜࡢ㸡రࡻࡽࡵࡱࡍ㸡ິྡྷࡷⓆᒈ≟Ἓࢅ♟ࡌᣞᵾ࡞ࡾྊ⬗ᛮ࠵ ࡾࡵࡡ࡛⩻࠻ࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷ࡞㸡Ḛᕗ▩ㆉ♣ఌ࡞ྡྷࡄࡒິࡀࡡ୯࡚ࡆࡿࡱ࡚௧୕࡞Ἰっࡌࡾ ᚪさࡡ࠵ࡾၡ㢗Ⅴࢅኬࡱ࠾࡞⣪ᥝࡌࡾモࡲࡵࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ḗࡡ b ࠽ࡻࡦ c ࡞࠽࠷࡙ᣞᦤࡌࡾ⌦⏜࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚㞗ࡈࡿࡒ⤣ゝሒࡢẒ㍉┘Ⓩ࡚ࡢ ࡛ࢆ౮ೋࡂ㸡ࡱࡒᅗࡷḚᕗࡡິྡྷࢅୌ⯙ࡌࡾࡡ࡞ᐖ᪾࡞⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࢷ ࣭࣏࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ḚᕗࡡኬᏕࡡẒ㍉ྊ⬗⤣ゝሒࢅ㞗ࡴࡾ࡞ࡢ㸡ᅗሾࢅ㉲࠻ࡒኬぞᶅኬᏕ㛣༝ງ ࡛┞ᙔᢖ㈠ࢅఔ࠹⢥ᕟ᪁Ἢࢅ㛜Ⓠࡌࡾᚪさ࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ୕㏑ࡊࡒࡻ࠹࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࢅ㞗࣬ฦᯊࡌࡾ㛣㝀ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡 ᅗࡡᏕ㛏ఌ㆗ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙ EUA りࡊࡒኬᏕ㎷㏷༝ງࢅᝨࡊࡱ࠾ࡖࡒ࠾ࡼࡆࡐሒᚋࡼ ࡿࡒ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࢅណࡌࡾࠊࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡾኬᏕᆀ⌦Ⓩ࡞೩ࡼ࠷ࡻ࠹㒼៎ࡈࡿࡒ㸝EU ཀྵࡦ Ḛᕗ⮤⏜㈘᪾㏻ྙ㸝EFTA㸞ㅎᅗ࠾ࡼ 25 ኬᏕ㸡୯᮶Ḛㅎᅗ㸝CEE㸞࠾ࡼ 14 ኬᏕ㸞㸡᪺ࡼ࠾࡞㸡 ཤຊࡊࡒኬᏕࡡࠔࢰࣈࠕ࡞ࡢ೩ࡽ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡖࡒኬᏕࡢࡌ࡙㸡◂✪ኬ Ꮥ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ᏽ⩇ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ࡆࡆ࡚ࡡ▩ぜࢅࡻࡽᗀ⠂ᅑ࡞㐲⏕ࡌࡾ࡞ࡢ㝀⏲ ࠵ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆࡆ࡚ᚋࡼࡿࡒലྡྷᚃࡡ◂✪࡛Ἰ┘ࢅさࡌࡾฦ㔕ࢅᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡼࡎ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡡࡢ㛣㐢࠷࠷ࠊ 3㸣 b㸣⏕ㄊ ࡛ᏽ⩇ ሒࢅ㞗ࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡡኬࡀ㝸ᐐࡡ㸦ࡗࡢ㸡භ㏳࡞⌦よࡈࡿࡾ⏕ㄊ࠷࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ㈻ၡ᭡ࡢⱝㄊ࡚᭡࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࡒࡴ㸡ᅗ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ࡱࡒኬᏕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ኣࡂࡡ⏕ㄊࡷᴣᛍ␏ࡾ ᙟ࡚よ㔐ࡈࡿࡔ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒࠊ ᮇㄢᰕࡡࡒࡴ࡞Ḛᕗጟဤఌ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ぞᏽࡈࡿࡒ⫃ຸහᐖ࡞ᚉ࠷㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࣤࢢ࣭ࢹ ⏕⣤ࡢ㸡OECD ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰ࠽ࡻࡦධ⡷⛁Ꮥ㈀ᅆ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ẏᖳ⾔ࢂࡿࡾ⡷ᅗㄢᰕ㸝ኬᏕ࣬࢜ࣝࢴࢩࡡ ◂✪㛜Ⓠᨥฝ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ NFS ㄢᰕ㸞ࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࢅཤ⩻࡞ࡊ࡙スゝࡈࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡⡷ᅗࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࢅ⏕ ࠷ࡾࡡࡢᅏ㞬࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ⡷ᅗ࡛࠷࠹ୌᅗࡡᩝࡡ୯࡚⌦よࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ⏕ㄊࡷᵋ㏸ࡡ ୯࡞ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኣᵕโᗐⓏ⌟ᐁ࡛ࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡞ᐖ᪾࡞⨠ࡀᥦ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࡵࡡࡵ࠵ ࡖࡒ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿࡢ࠽ࡐࡼࡂ㦣ࡂࡀⓆぜ࡚ࡢ࠷ࡓࢀ࠹ࠊ㛭㏻ฦ㔕ࡡ⛸ࡡᩝ⊡ࡡ୯࡚ࡵ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ◂✪ࡡ ⏕ㄊ࡛ᏽ⩇࡞ᫍ㡷ᇡ࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ୌ⯙࡞ヾㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡ᇱ♇◂✪࡛ᚺ⏕ ◂✪ࡡᤂ࠻᪁࡞ࡣࡼࡗࡀ࠵ࡽ㸡ࠔ㛜Ⓠࠕࡷࠔࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࠕࡡ᪺☔ᏽ⩇ࡵࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ ࡱࡒ㸡OECD ࡡᩝ⊡ࢅᇱ♇࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡㈀″ࡡ᮪௲㸝qualifications㸞࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵᕣ␏ ᚪࡍࡊࡵᐖ᪾࡚ࡢ࠷ሔྙ࠵ࡖࡒࠊ Ίࢅ⏍ࡋࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾභ㏳ࡡၡ㢗Ⅴࡢ௧ୖࡡ࡛࠽ࡽ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࠔᇱ♇◂✪ࠕࡡᴣᛍࠊኣࡂࡡኬᏕ࡚㸡◂✪ࡡ⟤ࢅゝ୕ࡌࡾ㝷࡞ࡆࡡᴣᛍ⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ ࠷ࠊ ㈀″ࡡහゼࡷᏽ⩇ࠊࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᅗࡷኬᏕࡇ࡛࡞␏ࡾࠊ ⟤ࡡࢰࣈ㸝ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣຐᠺ㔘㸡㏭㝀ᏽ⟤㸡㈠ᮇຐ㸞ࡡណࠊ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ ≟Ἓ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᚪࡍࡊࡵ᪺☔࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ ࠔ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ㸝overheads㸞ࠕࠊ␏ࡾよ㔐ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔ◂✪ࢪࢰࢴࣆࠕࠊᖕᗀ࠷よ㔐ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᑍ㛓㡷ᇡ࡛ᑍ㛓㡷ᇡࠊࡆࡿࡵ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᅗࡷኬᏕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ኣᵕよ㔐ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⏕ㄊࡡ⌦よࡡࡣࡼࡗࡀ㸡ᥞ౩ࡈࡿࡾࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ≁ᛮ࡞Ⓩᙫ㡢ࢅཀྵࡊࡒ2ࠊ ࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡᰷ᮇⓏᕣ␏Ꮛᅹࡊ㸡▩ㆉ❿ணࡡୠ⏲ᕰሔ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡≁࡞⡷ᅗ࡛ࡡ❿ண࡞࠽࠷ ࡙㸡ḚᕗࡡᘽⅤࡷലྡྷ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⡷ᅗ࡚ࡵࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡷᕗࡇ࡛࡞ኬ ࡀ㐢࠷Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ㸡◂✪㛜ⓆὩິ㸡ථ࡛ᨥฝ㸡㈀″ࡡහゼ࡛ᑍ㛓㡷ᇡࡡ㒼ฦ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡 භ㏳ࡡᣞᵾ࡛ῼᏽషࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡⡷ᅗ࡞ࡢභ㏳ࡡゕㄊ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ々㞟ࡓභ㏳ࡌࡾᩅ⫩࣬ ◂✪ࢨࢪࢷ࣑Ꮛᅹࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹ฺⅤ࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿࡢḚᕗࡡ⌟ᐁ࡛ࡢኬࡀࡂ␏ࡾⅤ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚ࡢ㸡⛁ᏕⓏ࡞᭯ណࢸ࣭ࢰ Ẓ㍉ᐁ㈻Ⓩ࡞ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࡐࡿ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚㞗ࡈࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰ࡛ሒ࠾ࡼ㸡᛬㏷࡞ንࡌࡾ⎌ሾୖ࡚Ⓠᒈ࣬ ྡྷ୕ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡຑງࢅぜཱི࡙ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈀″ࡷḚᕗࣝ ࣊ࣜࡡ㈀″ࡡ㔔さᛮ㧏ࡱࡽ㸡ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣḚᕗ◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜ㸝ERC㸞࡛࠷ࡖࡒᶭ㛭ࡡᙲ㆗ㄵ ࡈࡿࡾ୯࡚㸡⏕ㄊ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢦࢪ࡞㐡ࡌࡾࡆ࡛᭻ࡱࡊࡂ㸡ࡱࡒᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡ᚪ さ࠾ࡗ㔔さභ㏳ࡡᣞᵾ࡛ᴏ⦴ࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᵋᠺࡌࡾࡡࡢర࠾࡛࠷࠹Ⅴ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙Ḛᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㆗ㄵ ᚪさ࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ᥞゕཤ↯㸞ࠊ 2 ᪺☔ᛮࢅࡌࡒࡴ࡞ࡆࡆ࡞ㄕ᪺ࡌࡾ㸡ࣤࢢ࣭ࢹ⏕⣤ࡼࡦ࡞ᮇሒ࿈᭡࡚ࡢ௧ୖࡡᏽ⩇⏕ ࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔᇱ♇◂✪ࠕ 㸯≁ᏽࡡᚺ⏕࡞ࡢ├Ⓩ࡞㛭౿ࡎࡍ㸡ౚአ࠷ࢂࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷㸡రࡻࡽࡵ▩ㆉࡡຊ ᕝࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ࡙ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡾ◂✪㸝Ḛᕗጟဤఌᩝ᭡ࠖḚᕗ࡛ᇱ♇◂✪ࠗ1 ᭮ 17 㸡 COM(2004)9final ཤ↯㸞 ࠔᚺ⏕◂✪࣬㛜Ⓠࠕ 㸯ᚺ⏕ࡡ₧ᅹⓏぜ㎲ࡲࡷࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡷ⿿ဗࡡንᥦࡡぜ㎲ࡲࢅ๑ᥞ࡞⾔ࢂࡿࡾ◂ ✪㸝පභࡡ┘Ⓩࡱࡒࡢႜฺ┘Ⓩࡡ୦᪁ࢅྱࡳ㸞 ࠔࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࠕ 㸯Ⓠぜࡈࡿࡒࡵࡡࢅ⏐ᴏⓆᒈ࡞㎷㏷࠾ࡗ├Ⓩ࡞⛛㌹ࡊ㸡පභࡡ౼─ࡡࡒࡴ࡞ ࡐࡿࢅฺ⏕ࡌࡾᶭఌ࡛᪁Ἢࡡฝࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡々ᩐࡡሒ″࠾ࡼኣࡂࡡ▩ㆉࢅ⤎ྙࡈࡎࡒ⤎ ᯕ㸝OECD ௺ᴏ࣬⏐ᴏຐゕጟဤఌሒ࿈᭡ࠖࡻࡽࡻ࠷ᏻẰ㏻ᦘࡡಀ㐅ࠗ2003 ᖳ 9 ᭮ཤ↯㸞 ౚ◂✪ ࠔD F G ࡡ◂ ✪ሒ ࣬㈻ಕ ッ༝ఌ ࠕ ࢺࢵᏕ⾙ᣲ⮾ఌ㸝DFG㸞ࡢ㸡ࡆࡡⅤ࡚⮾࠷Ὡິࢅ㛜ጙࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊᖳ㸡DFG ࡢࠔ◂✪ሒ㈻ಕッ༝ఌࠕࢅⓆ㊂ࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡᅗ㏻㑝โ㸝16 ᕗ㸞ࢅ࡛ ࡽ㸡ᕗ࡛㏻㑝ࡡ┤ᖿ࠽ࡻࡦ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ㈈௴࡛࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࡡ⥲ᘤࡀ࠷ࡖ ࡐ࠹々㞟࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰ࡛ሒࢅ㞗ࡌࡾ୯ኳ⤄⧂⥥᛬࡞ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ ࡛ヾㆉࡈࡿࡒࡒࡴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ⩻࠻᪁ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࣝ࣊ࣜࡡཱི⤄ࡲࡡ࣓ࢸ࡛ࣜࡽᚋࡾ ࠾ࡵࡊࡿ࠷ࠊ 3㸣c 㸣ࢸ࣭ ࢰࡡ㟸 பᥦᛮ ୕㏑ࡊࡒ⌦⏜࠾ࡼ㸡ᥞ౩ࢅịࡴࡒ㈀ຸࢸ࣭ࢰࡡኣࡂࡢ㸡㐲ว࡞Ẓ㍉ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ኬᏕ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈀″࡛ࡊ࡙オ㘋ࡊࡒࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞ࡢ㸡࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛࡡᏽ⩇ࡡ㟻࡚ࡵୌ ኬᏕහ࡚ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰ″ࡡ㟻࡚ࡵ㸡ⴥࡊ࠷ࡣࡼࡗࡀぜࡼࡿࡒ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡◂✪㈠㔘ࡡኣ ࡂࡢ◂✪⩽◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜࡷᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈀″࠾ࡼ├࡞⋋ᚋࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࡐࡿኬᏕࡡᮇ㒂࡚ࡢ オ㘋ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࡆ࡛࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡◂✪㈠㔘ࡡ⤄⧂࡛࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷᏕ㒂࡞௴ࡈࡿ࡙ ࠽ࡽ㸡ኬᏕ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜḿ☔࡞㞗ゝ࡚ࡀ࠷ᅗࡵᑛࡂࡂ㸡㛭㏻ࡌࡾሒᏕ⛁࡛ᢇ⾙⛛㌹ᑻ࡞ ฦᩋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾኬᏕࡵ࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡ࡆࡿࡱ࡚◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡථ࡛ᨥฝࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࢅኬᏕ ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡻ࠹ịࡴࡼࡿࡒࡆ࡛࠷࡛㏑ࡒኬᏕࡵ࠵ࡖࡒࡆ࡛࡞⏻ណࡌࡀ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ࡆࡡࡆ࡛ࡵ㸡ኬᏕᚪさሒࢅ▯㛣࡚ᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡡࢅ㞬ࡊࡂࡊࡒୌᅄ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ᭩ᚃ࡞㸡2001 ᖳࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࡢ㞗ゝ࡚ࡀࡾ㸡1995 ᖳࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡡࡢ㞬ࡊ࠷࡛ᅂ➽ࡊࡒኬᏕࡵኣ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ࡆࡿࡢ㸡᭩㎾㸡ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡛ྙెࡊࡒࡽ㸡ධᅗⓏ࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࢬࢠࢰ࣭ࡡኬぞᶅᨭ㠁ࡷᅗ ࡡ⤊ῥᨭ㠁㸝Ⅵ᭨࣭ࣝࢹࡡንິ㸞ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡒࡽࡊࡒࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡾࠊࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ㛣Ⓩ ን࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢථᡥ࡚ࡀ࠷࠾㸡ࡱࡒࡢẒ㍉ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᅏ㞬࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍࣤࢢ࣭ࢹࡡᅂ➽⋙㟸ᖏ࡞㧏࠾ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡆࡡၡ㢗࡞ 㛭ᚨࢅᣚࡔ㸡◂✪㈠㔘ࡡᨥฝ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙㈈௴࡛࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࡡណㆉࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ྜྷ࡞ࡆࡿࡢ㸡࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࡡ♣ఌⓏさịࡡ㧏ࡱࡽ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⌟ᅹࡡኬᏕ ࡡᑊᚺ⬗ງ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㔔さၡࡵᥞ㉫ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞โ⣑࠵ࡾ⤎ᯕ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚ࡢኬᏕࡡ┞ᑊⓏථ″࡛ᨥฝࡡንࡡࡲ♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡾ⾪ࡡḿ☔ࡈ࡞ཬ᫆ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡞㸡⤧ᑊ㢘ࡢንິኬࡀࡂಘ㢏࡚ࡀ࠷࡛⩻࠻ ࡼࡿࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ Ϫ㸣◂✪ ㈠㔘㒼 ฦࢨࢪ ࢷ࣑㸯 ၡ 㢗Ⅴ ḚᕗࡡኬᏕࡢ⮤ࡼࡡ◂✪ࡡᙲ࡞ኬ࠷࡞ーࡽࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡♣ఌ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬᏕࡡᙲ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ ◂✪ࡢྊḖࡡ㒂ฦ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ኬᏕࡷᅗࢅࡻࡽレ⣵࡞ぜ࡙ࡲࡾ࡛㸡ᅗࡡᨥᥴ ࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡞ኬࡀࡂ␏ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡛ྜྷᵕ㸡▩ㆉࡡ㏸࡛ᬉཀྵ࡛࠷࠹ࡆࡡ㔔ࡡ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡよ 㔐ࡢⴥࡊࡂኣᵕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ௧ୖࡡ⟿࡚ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ㈠㔘ᵋ㏸ࢅ⩻ᐳࡊ㸡さንさᅄ㸡ലྡྷ㸡ῼ㸡ᵕࠍ㈠㔘″࡛ ࡐࡡὮࡿ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ㄵࡋࡾࠊ 1㸣 පⓏ◂ ✪㈠㔘 㒼ฦࢨ ࢪࢷ࣑ ᅗࡡࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡛㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭හࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦ᪁Ἢࡡኣᵕᛮࡡᙫ㡢ࢅ⩻࠻ࡾ୕࡚᭯─ฝⓆⅤࡢ㸡 OECD ࡡฝ∟∸ࠖපⓏ◂✪ࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࠗ 㸝2003㸞࡞♟ࡈࡿࡒฦ㢦࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡ኣᵕ⛁ Ꮥ㈠㔘㒼ฦࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࢅさ㢦ᆵ࡞ฦ㢦ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡➱⩽ࡼࡢ⌟ᅹ࡚ࡵࡆࡿ᭯ຝ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ ⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊゕ࠹ࡱ࡚ࡵࡂࡐࡡ⛤ᗐࡢኣᵕ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ᙟឺࡵΊྙࡈࡿ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡡ ཋᆵࡢᮇㄢᰕࡡࢦࣤࣈࣜ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ☔ヾࡈࡿࡒࠊ ୯ኳ㞗ᶊ ᆵ㸯┤ᖿ࣬୯ኳᨳᗋ࠾ࡼࡡࢹࢴࣈࢱࣤ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ඁ㡧Ửᏽࡈࡿ㸡පⓏ◂✪ᶭ㛭࡛ ኬᏕ࡞├࡞㈠㔘Ὦࡿ㸡≺❟ࡊࡒ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭ࡢ࠷ࠊࡆࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࡢ㸡ኣࡂࡡ EU ᩺ぞຊ┍ ᅗ࠽ࡻࡦୌ㒂ࡡこḚㅎᅗ㸝ࢰࣛ㸞࡞㒂ฦⓏ࡞࠵࡙ࡢࡱࡾࠊ 㔔ࢨࢪ ࢷ࣑ᆵ㸯㏻㑝ࡷᆀᇡࡡᶭᵋࡷ┤ᖿ㐘ႜࡊ㸡࣍ࢹ࣑ࢴࣈ࡛ࢹࢴࣈࢱࣤࡡ୦᪁⏕࠷ ࡼࡿ㸡පⓏ◂✪ᶭ㛭ࡷኬᏕࡡ├Ⓩ㈠㔘㒼ฦ࡛㸡≺❟ࡊࡒ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭㸝◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜ ࡷ༝ఌ㸞࡞ࡻࡾ❿ணᆵࡡຐᠺࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ୩Ꮛࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࡢኣࡂࡡこḚㅎᅗ㸝ࢺ ࢵ㸡ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ㸡ࢪ࣭࢘ࢸࣤ㸡࢛ࣚࣤࢱ㸡ࢪࢪ㸞࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾࠊ ฦ ᩋᆵ 㸯々ᩐࡡ┤ᖿ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㈈௴ࢅᢰ࠷㸡࡞࣍ࢹ࣑ࢴࣈ࡚ᇱᮇ᪁㔢Ửᏽࡈࡿ㸡 ≺❟ࡊࡒᶭ㛭࠾ࡼࡡ❿ணᆵࡡຐᠺ࡞ࡻࡾࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ⟤ኬ㒂ฦࢅ༥ࡴࡾࠊࡆࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࡢ㸡 Ḛᕗ࡚ࡢ࡛ࢆぜࡼࡿ࠷ࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊᙁㄢࡌࡀࡢ㸡ኣࡂࡡᅗࡆ࠹ࡊࡒఎ⤣Ⓩ㈠㔘㒼ฦࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡཋᆵࢅ㉲࠻࡙㸡㧏➴ᩅ ⫩࡛◂✪ࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦࢪ࣭࣑࢞ࡡᨭ㠁࡞╌ᡥࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ኬᏕࡡ◂ ✪㈠㔘࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒὩິࢅḚᕗධమ࡚ฦᯊࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ᅏ㞬࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊḚᕗ࡞භ㏳ࡌࡾ ࡡࡢ㸡ὮິⓏ≟ឺ࡞࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ ᅗౚ ࠔ࢛࣭ ࢪࢹࣛ ࡞࠽ ࡄࡾ㧏 ➴ᩅ⫩ ᨭ㠁 ࠕ ㎾ᖳ㸡ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ධమࡡᨭ㠁⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛࡢ㸡㈠㔘㒼ฦࡡᵋ㏸࡛ኬᏕࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࡡ୦᪁ࢅᢜᮇⓏ࡞ぜ├ࡌ࡛࠷࠹ ㄚ㢗࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳࡆ࡛ࢅỬᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ2004 ᖳ㸡ᏻേ⩇ࢅᤴࡊ࡙ྙ⌦ࡊ㸡⟤ࡡ⏞ㄫ ࡛౩⤝ࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪࢅࡻࡽ㏩᪺࠾ࡗຝᯕⓏࡵࡡ࡞ࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡さ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭ࢅ㒂ฦ Ⓩ࡞ྙెࡊ࡙ୌࡗࡡࠔThe House of Researchࠕࡡഘୖ࡞⨠ࡂࡆ࡛ゝ⏤ࡈࡿࡒࠊ⌟ᅹ㸡 ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛᅗ❟㖗⾔ࡡ㈠ᮇᰬᘟ 15 ൦࣭ࣗࣞ࠾ࡼ┞ᙔ㢘ࡡᖳ㛣⟤ᥞ౩ࡈࡿࡾ ࠔAustrian National Foundationࠕࡡス❟㐅ࡴࡼࡿࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ ኬᏕ࡞ࡢᏰධ⮤ᶊ࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ྜྷ࡞㸡㈀ຸ࡛⟮⌦ࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࢅ ኬࡀࡂን㠁ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵịࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡈࡼ࡞㸡Ḛᕗᢖ㈠㖗⾔㸝EIB㸞㸡ኬᏕ࡛◂✪᪃スࡡใ᩺ࡡࡒࡴ࡞࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ࡞ 6,500 ࣭ࣗࣞࢅ⼝㈠ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࡞ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡡ◂✪࡛⏐ᴏ⏲ࡡ◂✪ࡡ༝ງࢅቌ ຊࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛධᅗ㠁᩺ゝ⏤ࢅᨥ࠻ࡾࡒࡴ㸡6 ࡗࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷㧏➴ ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡛◂✪᪃スࢅ❟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ྱࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡐࡿ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡Ḛᕗධమ࡞භ㏳ࡌࡾ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡലྡྷࢅぜࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ᶭ㛭ࡷ┤ᖿࢅ㏳ࡊࡒ❿ணⓏຐᠺ㔘ࡡࡈࡼࡾᑙථ㸝ࡒࡓࡊ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡୌᣋ⟤㒼ฦ ࡡ๎΅ࢅఔ࠹ࡆ࡛ኣ࠷㸞 ≁ᏽࡡ㸝༜㉲ᛮ㸞ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡡ㈀ᨳᨥᥴࢅ㏳ࡊࡒ㸡පⓏ◂✪ㄚ㢗ࡡ᪁ྡྷࡄ 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ⮤ࡡᣉኬࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡පⓏ㈠㔘࡞ぜྙ࠹㈠㔘ࢅ⏐ᴏ⏲ࡷࡐࡡࡡẰ㛣㟸ႜฺ ⤄⧂㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈀″࠾ࡼ⋋ᚋࡌࡾཱི⤄ࡲ㸡ථ″ࡡኣᵕࢅịࡴࡾᨳᗋ࠾ࡼࡡᅸງࢅఔࡖ ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 1㸣 a㸣පⓏ ◂✪㈠ 㔘㒼ฦ 㸯EU ᩺ ぞຊ┍ ᅗࡡᢢ ࠻ࡾㄚ㢗 ᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗࡡኣࡂ࡚ぜࡼࡿࡾኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪Ὡິࡢ㸡ᴣࡊ࡙⟤㊂ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㸝ᣉኬ๑ EU15 ࣧᅗ࡚ࡢୌ⯙Ⓩ㸞ᇱ┑⟤㸝base-line funding㸞㈠㔘ධమࡡ 10㸚௧ୖ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ኣࡂࡡ ሔྙ㸡ࡐࡿኬᏕࡡ༡ኃㄚ⛤ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࡞ྡྷࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊຊ࠻࡙㸡㝀ࡼࡿࡒ◂✪ ⟤ࢅࡴࡃࡾኬᏕ࡛⛁Ꮥ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ࡡ㛭౿౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙᧷ࢅᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ1990 ᖳ࡞࡛ ࢆࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡞ᑊࡌࡾᨭ㠁⾔ࢂࡿ㸡Ꮥ⏍ࡡථᏕ⩽ᩐ㸝㟸ᖏ࡞ᑛ࠷≟Ἓ࠾ࡼ㸞 ᛬㏷࡞ቌຊࡊࡒ㸡◂✪㈠㔘ࡢࡐࡿ࡞ぜྙ࠹ࡱ࡚࡞ࡢఘࡦ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ ධ⯙Ⓩ࡞පⓏ⟤⥥⦨≟ឺ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡡᅗ࡚ࡢᚪさᢖ㈠ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡍ㸡 ንࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ΅㏷ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᙔ↓ࡼ㸡᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗࡡኣࡂ࡚㸡ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㸡ࣤࣆࣚ㸡 ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡࡒࡴ࡞Ḛᕗ㈀″࠾ࡼ┞ᙔ㢘ࡡ㈠㔘ࢅᚋࡒ࠷࡛࠷࠹さ᭻ኬࡀ࠷ࠊ≁࡞㸡ᵋ㏸Ⓩᇱ㔘㸝ᯗ ⤄ࡲࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡡᙽࡢࡐࡿ㧏ࡂ࠷㸞㸡࠽ࡻࡦᑑᮮࡡḚᕗ◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜ࡞‵ࡋࡒᶭ㛭࠾ ࡼࡡ㈠㔘ᙽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ㈠㔘㝀ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ୯࡚㸡ㄢᰕ࡞ཤຊࡊࡒ᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗࡡኬᏕ࡞ࡢ㸡 ❿ணງࡡ࠵ࡾெⓏ㈠″ࡡᇱ♇ࢅ☔❟ࡊ⤽⤾Ⓩ㢄⬳Ὦฝࢅ㜭ࡃࡒࡴ࡞༡ኃㄚ⛤ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࡞ᢖ㈠ ࢅ㞗୯ࡈࡎࡾ࡛࠷࠹ലྡྷぜࡼࡿࡾࠊ ᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗ࡚ࡢ㸡ᅗࡡ⤊ῥ⬜ᘽ࡚࠵ࡾࡒࡴ㸡ఎ⤣ⓏኬᏕࡡኣࡂ̿̿ᢇ⾙⣌ࡡኬᏕ௧୕࡞ ̿̿ืࡡ㈀″㸡ࡌࢂࡔ⏐ᴏ⏲ࡷ㟸ᨳᗋ⤄⧂࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘⋋ᚋᅏ㞬ࡓ࡛វࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᅗࠍ ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢ㸡⌟ᅹࡡ࡛ࡆࢀᅗ㝷௺ᴏࡷᾇአ௺ᴏ࠾ࡼࡡᢖ㈠ࡡኬ㒂ฦᣉኬ๑ EU15 ࣧᅗࡡ 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞Ὦࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ヾㆉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᅗౚ ࠔࢲ࢘ ࢤභ ᅗ࡞࠽ ࡄࡾ◂ ✪ᢖ㈠ ࠕ ࢲ࢘ࢤභᅗࡢ㸡◂✪ᢖ㈠㸡≁࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠ㒂㛓ࡡᢖ㈠ࡡᣉኬࢅኬࡀ ࡂ๑㐅ࡈࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ㒂㛓ࡡ㈠㔘㢘ࡢ㐛ཡ 10 ᖳ㛣࡞ 27㸚ቌຊࡊࡒࠊ◂✪㛜Ⓠᨥฝ ⥪㢘㸝GERD㸞ࡡୌ㒂࡚࠵ࡾᇱ♇◂✪ࡡᨥฝࡢ 40㸚௧୕ࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㈠㔘ࡢ㸡 ᨳᗋ࡛Ằ㛣ࡡ୦᪁࠾ࡼᣈฝࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠᢖ㈠㐛ཡ 10 ᖳ㛣࡞Ⓩ࡞ ቌຊࡊࡒࣆࣤࣚࣤࢺࡷࢪ࣭࢘ࢸࣤࡡᠺຉ࣓ࢸࣜ࡞㢦జࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ᚃ㏑ࡡࠔ㔔ࡼࡎ ࢆ࣓ࢸࣜࠕࡵཤ↯㸞ࠊ ࢲ࢘ࢤභᅗ࡚ࡢ㸡⛁Ꮥ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ኬᏕ࠾ࡼࡾᵋ㏸⥌ᣚࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡹ࠻㸡 አ㒂㈠㔘ࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾࡡࡢᚪࡍࡊࡵኬᏕ࡛ࡢ㝀ࡼ࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊኬᏕࡢ㸡⮤ࡼࢅࡻࡽ❿ணⓏ ㈠㔘㒼ฦ⎌ሾ࡞ྙࢂࡎࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞ࡢࢲ࢘ࢤᨳᗋࡢኬᏕ㛣࡞ᆍ➴࡞⟤ࢅ 㒼ฦࡊ࡙ࡀࡒ㸡2004 ᖳ௧㜾ࡢ㸡ࡻࡽ❿ணⓏフ౮ࢪ࣭࣑࢞スࡄࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡖ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤࡡኬᏕࡡ◂✪ࣚࣤࢠࡄࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ࠽ࡐࡼࡂ⟤ࡡ 㞗୯ᣅᮮࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࢀ࠹ࠊ 2㸣 ◂✪㈠ 㔘ࡡ㈀ ″࡛ࣝ ࣊ࣜࡡ ን ㄢᰕࡊࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡኬ㒂ฦᅂ➽ࡊࡒ࡛ࡆࢀ࡞ࡻࡿࡣ㸡㐛ཡ 10 ᖳ㛣࡞⮤ࡼࡡᶭ㛭࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅ ཀྵࡊ㸡ᚃ 5 ᖳ㛣࡞ࡵᘤࡀ⤾ࡀኬࡀᙲࢅᯕࡒࡌࡓࢀ࠹࡛⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡗࡡさ⣪ࡢ㸡አ 㒂㈠㔘࡛ࣝ࣊ࣜ㈀″ࡡን࡚࠵ࡾ㸝ୖオࡡࢡࣚࣆཤ↯㸞 ࠊ ኣࡂࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢ㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ࡞㛭ࡌࡾථ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ḿ☔⥪㢘ࢅ♟ࡌࡆ ࡛࡚ࡀࡍ㸡ฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾ㒂ฦⓏሒ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷ࡒ᥆ᏽೋࢅᥞ౩ࡊࡒࠊ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࡌ࡙ࡡ ◂✪㈀″ࢅ⟤ᏽࡌࡾࡡࡢᅏ㞬࡚࠵ࡾ㸡࡛ࢆࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡᪺ࡼ࠾࡞᭩ኬࡡථ″ ࡢᅗࡡᨳᗋ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝ධ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡᖲᆍ࡚᥆ᏽ 56㸚㸞ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆࡡ㈀″ࡡ┞ᑊⓏ㔔さᛮ࡞ ࡢⴥࡊ࠷ࡣࡼࡗࡀ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡵἸ┘ࡌࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡖࡒኬᏕ࡚ࡲࡾ࡛㸡Ẓ⋙ࡢ 0㸚 ࠾ࡼ 100㸚ࡱ࡚ฦᩋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᨳᗋ㈠㔘㸝ᖕ 0㹳100㸚㸞㸯 ࡐࡡࡡᅗᐓ㈀″㸝ᖕ 0㹳85㸚㸞 㸯 ⏐ᴏ⏲࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘㸝ᖕ 0㹳46㸚㸞 㸯 ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈠㔘㸝ᖕ 0㹳29㸚㸞㸯 ࡐࡡࡡ㈀″㸝ᖕ 0㹳42㸚㸞㸯 ᖲᆍ 56㸚 ᖲᆍ 21㸚 ᖲᆍ 10㸚 ᖲᆍ 7㸚 ᖲᆍ 4㸚 ኬᏕࡡ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾපⓏ㈠㔘࡞㛭ࡌࡾපⓏࢸࢪࢤ࣭ࢪᨳᗋᨥᥴࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ⦨΅ࢅ♟ြ ࡌࡾୌ᪁࡚㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰࡢ㸡㐛ཡᩐᖳ㛣㸝1995㹳2001 ᖳ㸞ࡆࡡ ࣝ࣊ࣜ㦣ࡂንࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᐁ㝷㸡㈠㔘ࡡ⤧ᑊ㢘ࢅẒ㍉ࡌࡾࡡࡢᅏ㞬࡚ ࠵ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࡡථ″ධమ࡞༥ࡴࡾᨳᗋ㈀″ࡡ┞ᑊⓏ 㔔さᛮࡢ࡛ࢆንࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡖࡒኬᏕࡡንࡢ㸡ᐁࡡ࡛ ࡆࢀ㸡ᨳᗋ࠾ࡼࡡථ࠾ࡽᏭᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࡡୌࡗ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡Ꮥ⏍ᩐ ࡡቌຊࡡࡒࡴ࡞ᨳᗋࡡ⟤㒼ฦቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊࡐࡡࡡᅗᐓ㈀″㸡⏐ᴏ⏲࠾ ࡼࡡ㈠㔘㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈠㔘➴ࡢንິኬࡀࡂ㸡⤎ᯕ࡛ࡊ࡙ධమⓏቌຊࢅࡵࡒࡼࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ୌ᪁㸡ྜྷࡋ㛣㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡᨥฝࡢ㸡ࡇࡂࢂࡍ࠾ౚ አࢅ㝎࠷࡙㸡ኬᖕ࡞ቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ୖオࡡᅒࢅཤ↯㸞ࠊ OECD ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛㸡Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᅗᐓᨥฝࡡቌຊࡢ㸡ᮇㄢᰕࡡ ࢦࣤࣈࣜ࡞ぜࡼࡿࡾቌຊࡻࡽࡵࡍࡖ࡛ᑚࡈ࠷ࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡡኬᏕ◂✪Ὡິࢅᙁࡌࡾࡒࡴ ࡞ኬぞᶅཱི⤄ࡲࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡱࡒ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙᪺ࡼ࠾࡛ࡖࡒ㡧ࡢ㸡OECD㸤IMHE ࡛ HEFCE ࡞ࡻࡾሒ࿈᭡ࠖ㧏➴ ᩅ⫩ࡡ㈀ຸ⟮⌦࡛࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࠗ3ࡡフ౮ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊGDP ࡡ 3㸚࡛࠷࠹┘ᵾ᥎ ࡅࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ࢂࡼࡍ㸡Ḛᕗࡡ࡛ࢆࡡᨳᗋࡢ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠᢖ㈠ࢅቌຊࡈࡎ࡙ ࠷࠷࠾㸡ࡱࡒࡢቌຊࡡ⛤ᗐ༎ฦ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡱࡒ㸡ࣤࣆࣚࡡᚪさᢖ㈠ࡵ☔ಕࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ ࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ኬᏕࡢࡡථ″ࢅ㏛ịࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢኣࡂࡡሔྙ㸡ࢰ࣭ࢣࢴࢹࢅ⤘ࡖࡒ❿ணⓏ ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㈠㔘ࡡᚺຽ࡞㈠″㒼ฦࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅណࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡ථࡡንິᛮ ኬࡀࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡࡡㄢᰕ⤎ᯕࡵ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒၡ㢗ࢅࡘࡄᣉᘿࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ ࡡⅤ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ➠ϫ.1 ❮්࡚ࡦཱིࡽ୕ࡅࡾࠊ 3㸣 አ㒂ࣂ ࣭ࢹࢻ ࣭࠾ࡼ ࡡ㈠㔘 㒼ฦ ▩ㆉ♣ఌࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎ㸡Ḛᕗ⤊ῥࡡ❿ணງࢅ㧏ࡴࡾ࡞ࡢ㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ࡞࠽࠷࡙ኬᏕ࡛ ࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭࡛ࡡຝᯕⓏ༝ງ㘵࡛ࡾ࡛ᗀࡂヾㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᅗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡵᅗ㝷Ⓩࣝ࣊ࣜ ࡚ࡵ㸡▩ࡡᚘ⎌࡛ᢇ⾙⛛㌹ࢅⰃይ࡞ᶭ⬗ࡈࡎࡒࡽ㸡ࢪ࢜ࣤࢩࢻࣄㅎᅗࡡࠔ㔔ࡼࡎࢆࠕᴣᛍ̿ ̿㧏➴ᩅ⫩㸡⏐ᴏ⏲㸡පභ㒂㛓ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠ༝ງ㸝ᚃ㏑㸞̿̿ࢅᙁࡂ᥆ዜࡊࡒࡽࡌࡾࡆ࡛㸡ᨳ➿ ୕ࡡඁ㡧࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡฦ㔕࡞࠽ࡄࡾὩິ᥆㐅➿ࡢ㸡ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ EU㸡OECD㸡ࡼࡦ࡞ EUA㸡EIRMA㸝European Industrial Research Management Association㸞ࡷࡐࡡࡡ㛭㏻ᅆ మࡡᅗ㝷⤄⧂ࡡᥞ♟ࡌࡾࡌ࡙ࡡ᪁㔢ኇ᪺ࡡୌ㒂ࢅࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡖࡒኬᏕࡡ㞹リㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡OECD ࡛ EU ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰరᖳࡵ♟ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࡆ ࡛㸡ࡌࢂࡔ㧏➴ᩅ⫩࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ᑊࡌࡾࣄ⏐ᴏ⏲࠾ࡼࡡᢖ㈠ࡢ౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙ኬࡀࡂ࠷࡛ ࠷࠹ࡆ࡛☔ヾࡈࡿࡒࠊࡒࡓࡊ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲࡞ࡻࡾᢖ㈠ 10㸚ࢅ㉰࠻ࡾ࣭࡛࣊ࣜ࢟ࢺࢵࡢౚአ࡚࠵ ࡾࠊ ᮇㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡡࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾᡋ␆࣬ᵋ㏸࣬ᡥṹࡡ➴⣥࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡 ⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ࡡභྜྷࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ᭩㧏ࣚࣤࢠ࡞న⨠ࡘࡄࡼࡿࡒࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡◂✪ࡡ⥪ྙⓏᨥᥴ࡞㛭 ࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ࡡභྜྷ◂✪ࡢࡐࡿඁ㡨న㧏ࡂ࠷ࠊࡆࡿࡵ㸡୕㏑ࡊࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࡡ⏐ ᴏ⏲ࡡᢖ㈠㢘ࡡ┞ᑊⓏࡈ࡛┞㛭ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ Ḛᕗ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᨳ➿ཱི࡛⤄ࡲ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒၡ㢗Ⅴ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ ➠ϫ.4 ❮࡚ㄵࡋࡾࠊ 3 ࠖ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࡡ㈀ຸ⟮⌦࡛࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪࠗࡢ㸡OECD㸤IMHE ࡛ HEFCE ࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡞ᇱࡘࡂ OECD ሒ࿈᭡ࠖ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᣚ⤾ྊ⬗ᮅᮮࡡ☔ಕࠗ 㸝2004 ᖳ㸞࡛㛭㏻ࡌࡾᅗืሒ࿈᭡࠾ࡼࡾࠊ ᅗౚ ࠔࢪ ࣭࢘ࢸ ࡛ࣤࣆ ࣤࣚ ࣤࢺࠕ ୦ᅗ࡛ࡵ㸡EU ࡡ୯࡚ R&D ࡡᢖ㈠ࡌ࡚࡞ GDP ࡡ 3㸚࡞㐡ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾᅗ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ୦ ᅗࡢἸ┘࡞ೋࡌࡾౚአ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡පභࡡᐣࢅ⥌ᣚ࠽ࡻࡦ㏸ࡌࡾ᪁Ἢ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠᢖ ㈠ࡡ᭯⏕ᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢦࢪࢅషࡽฝࡌࡆ࡛࡞ᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ⮾࠷࣓ࢸ࡚ࣜ࠵ ࡾࠊ ࠔGDP ࡡ 3㸚࡛࠷࠹┘ᵾࡢ㸡ୌ⯙࡞㸡පⓏ◂✪㛜Ⓠᨥฝࢅ GDP ࡡ 1㸚㸡Ằ㛣࠾ࡼ ࡡ◂✪㛜Ⓠᨥฝࢅ 2㸚࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡛よ㔐ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ3㸚࡛࠷࠹┘ᵾࡢ㸡◂✪㛜Ⓠࡡප Ⓩᨥฝࡡᣉኬ࡞㞗୯Ⓩ࡞ງࢅἸ࠷࡚࠷࡙ࡢ㐡ᠺ࡚ࡀ࠷ࠊࣆࣤࣚࣤࢺ࡛ࢪ࣭࢘ࢸࣤ ࡢ㸡◂✪㛜Ⓠ࡞㈕ࡷࡈࡿࡾපⓏ㈠㔘ࡡẒ⋙࡛ࡊ࡙ࡢ EU ධຊ┍ᅗ㸝15 ࣧᅗ㸞୯ࡡ᭩ 3 ࣧᅗ࡞ྱࡱࡿࡾࠊࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡᭩ࡵ㔔さࡡࡢ㸡◂✪㛜Ⓠ࡞✒ᴗⓏ࡞ᢖ㈠ࡌࡾࡆ࡛⏐ ᴏ⏲ࡡฺ─࡛ࡾࡻ࠹᥆㐅≟Ἓࢅ࠷࠾࡞ࡊ࡙షࡽฝࡌ࠾࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࠕ4 ࣆࣤࣚࣤࢺࡢ␏ࡾ㒂㛓࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘ࢅཱིࡽ㎲ࡳ᪁Ἢࡡࡌࡃࡿࡒౚࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡌ ࢂࡔࠔᅗࡡ⛁Ꮥᢇ⾙ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡢᆵⓏ࡞㸡◂✪࣬⏐ᴏࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅ୯ᚨ࡞⤄⧂ࡈ ࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ኬᏕࡢୌ⯙Ⓩ◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅ⾔࠹㈈௴ࢅㇿ࠷㸡⏐ᴏ⏲ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡢ ࡐࡡ࿔ᅑ࡞⤄⧂ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠕ5ࠊ୦ᅗ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡆࡡࡻ࠹㔔ࡼࡎࢆᵋ㏸ᠺຉࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡡ ᇱᮇⓏ๑ᥞ᮪௲ࢅᣞᦤࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡌࢂࡔ㸡㈻ࡡ㧏࠷ᩅ⫩㸡ᩅ⫩ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡⰃ ይ㐘⏕㸡ࣀࢷࢠ㒂㛓࡞࠽ࡄࡾᙁງᅗ㝷௺ᴏࡡᏋᅹ࡛࠷ࡖࡒㅎⅤࡡ㔔さᛮ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ ධᅗⓏࢤࣤࢬࣤࢦࢪ࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 4㸣 ᅗ㝷Ⓩ ㈠㔘㒼 ฦ ᮇㄢ ᰕࡡ ࢦࣤ ࣈࣜ ኬᏕ ࡞࡛ ࡖ࡙ 㸡ᅗ 㝷 Ⓩ◂ ✪㈀ ″ࡡ ᆵ ࡢ EU ᯗ⤄ ࡲ ࣈࣞ ࢡࣚ ࣑㸝 EU Framework Programmes㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊḚᕗ௧አࡡ㈀″࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡾ㈠㔘ࡇࡂࢂࡍ࠾࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡 ḚᕗኬᏕ࡚⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ◂✪ࡡୠ⏲Ⓩᗀࡽ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ၡࢅᥞ㉫ࡌࡾࠊࡆࡡၡ㢗ࡢࡈࡼ࡞ㄢᰕ ᚪさ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊ ᐁ㝷ࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈠㔘ᑛ࠷ࡆ࡛̿̿ᖲᆍ 7㸚㸡⤧ᑊ㢘ࡡ᭩ኬ 30㸚࡛̿̿㸡Ḛᕗ࠽ࡻࡦᅗ㝷Ⓩ ◂✪㛜Ⓠࡡ㈁⊡࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ୌ⯙Ⓩ࡞⾪᪺ࡈࡿࡾᙽ㧏࠷ࡆ࡛ࡡ㛣࡞ࡢ⮾࠷ࢫࣝ࠵ࡾࠊㄢ ᰕᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒኬᏕࡡኬ㒂ฦࡢ㸡Ḛᕗࣝ࣊ࣜ࠽ࡻࡦᅗ㝷ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㈠㔘㒼ฦᑑᮮࡡ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣊ ࣭ࢨࣘࣤὩິࡡⓆᒈ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࠔ᭩ࡵ㔔さࠕࡱࡒࡢࠔࡒ࠷ࢆ㔔さࠕ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ぜࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᙽࡡ㧏ࡈࡢ㸡EU ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㈠㔘࡞ఔ࠹ᏻേ⩇ࡡᙁ࠷᠔ࡷᢀึ࡛ 4 5 Ḛᕗ⛁Ꮥ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭ㅆၡጟဤఌ㸝EASAC㸞 ࠖࣁࣜࢬࣞࢻ┘ᵾࡡ 3㸚㐡ᠺ࡞ྡྷࡄ࡙ࠗEASAC ᪁㔢 ሒ࿈᭡➠ 1 ྒ㸝2004 ᖳ㸞 ࠊ ྜྷ୕ࠊ ెࡎ࡙⾪᪺ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊᯗ⤄ࡲࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡡ⟮⌦⩇Ⓩࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ࡛ᡥ㡨࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㏑ࡼ ࡿࡾ㝷࡞ࡢ㸡 ࠔࣇࣛࣖࢴࢬࣜࠕࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࡽࡔࠔ⬗㸝one-size-fits-all㸞ࠕࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ࡞ ᑊࡌࡾྫྷᏽⓏぜよ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ⾪᪺ࡈࡿࡒࠊ ࡐࡿ࡚ࡵභྜྷ◂✪ࡢ㔔さ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡Ḛᕗ◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜ㸝ERC㸞ࡡス࡞㧏࠷ᙽᐞࡎࡼࡿ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊࡒࡓࡊ㸡ࡆࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷⤄⧂ᏻേⓏ⤣โ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㜴ᐐࡈࡿࡍ㸡Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪㛜Ⓠᨥᥴ࡞ ධ㟻Ⓩ࡞⊡㌗ࡌࡾࡆ᮪࡛௲࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 5㸣 ㈠㔘㒼 ฦࡈࡿ ࡾ◂✪ ࡡ㢦ᆵ ̿ᇱ♇ ◂✪࡛ ᚺ⏕ ◂✪ ኣࡂࡡපᘟኇ᪺ࡷᨳ➿ᩝ᭡ࡢ㸡ᇱ♇◂✪ࢅ❻Ⓩ▩ㆉࡡฝࡡᇱ┑࡛న⨠ࡘࡄ㸡ኬᏕ࡛පⓏ ◂✪ᶭ㛭ࢅࡐࡡさᥞ౩⩽࡛ࡲࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ6ࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ᮇㄢᰕࡡᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒኬᏕࡡኣࡂࡢ㸡 㸝ᚺ⏕◂✪࡛༇ืࡈࡿࡒ㸞ᇱ♇◂✪࡞㛭ࡊ࡙රమ Ⓩࢸ࣭ࢰࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ◂✪㈠㔘ఌゝ࡞ࡆࡡ༇ฦࢅ⏕࠷࡙࠷࠷ࡒࡴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒኬᏕࡢ㸡୦⩽ࡡሾ⏲ᫍ࡞ࡽ◂✪Ὡິኣᵕ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ㸡㈠㔘࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡐࡡ ࡻ࠹༇ืࢅࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᐁ㝷Ⓩ࡞ྊ⬗࡚࠵ࡾ࠾㸡ࡵࡢࡷណ࠷࡛⩻࠻࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 6㸣 Ꮥ㝷Ⓩ ◂✪࡛ ኬᏕ㛣 ࡡභྜྷ ◂✪ Ḛᕗࡡࡌ࡙ࡡᨳ➿さ⥐࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡⌟ᅹ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ᑊࡊ࡙࡞ࡗࡡ᪁㔢ᙁࡂ᥆ዜࡈ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᏕ㝷Ⓩ◂✪ࡡᨥᥴ࡛ኬᏕ㛣ࡡභྜྷ◂✪ࡡᨥᥴ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊᮇㄢᰕ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ᪁ྡྷ࡚ࡡさὩິ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ᪺☔ッᣈࡢᚋࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊ ㄢᰕᑊ㇗ኬᏕࡢ㸡ᚃ 5 ᖳ㛣࡞◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ࡞᭩ࡵᙫ㡢ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ၡ ࢂࡿࡒ㝷㸡ࢅᅸࡊ࡙㈠㔘࡛ࣝ࣊ࣜ㈀″ንࢅ 1 న࡛ 2 న࡞ࣚࣤࢠࡄࡌࡾୌ᪁㸡Ꮥ㝷Ⓩ༝ງ ࡢഷ࠾ᕣ࡚ኬᏕ㛣༝ງ࡞ḗࡃ➠ 4 న࡛ࡖࡒ࡞ࡌࡁ࠷ࠊ ᡋ␆㸡ᵋ㏸㸡ཀྵࡦ㸝ࡱࡒࡢ㸞ᡥṹࡡ㟻࡚ࡡ◂✪ᨥᥴࡡඁ㡧ࢅࣚࣤࢠࡄࡌࡾ㝷࡞ࡢ㸡Ꮥ㝷 Ⓩ◂✪ࡢࡈࡼ࡞㡨నࡂ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡞ḗࡃ 6 న࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡࠽Ꮥၡ㡷 ᇡࡡሾ⏲ࢅ㉲࠻ࡾࡆ࡛㞬ࡊ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢅᬧ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾࠊ 6 ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌᩝ᭡ࠖḚᕗ࡛ᇱ♇◂✪ࠗCOM2004914.1.2004 ࢅཤ↯ࠊ ୌ᪁㸡㞹リㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ኣࡂࡡኬᏕᙁ࠷㛭ᚨࢅ♟ࡊࡒࡡࡢ㸡ᏰⓏኬᏕ㛣ࡡ㏻ᦘ࡛ࢾࢴࢹ ࣭࣠ࢠࡡᵋ⠇ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡ࡱࡌࡱࡌཚࡊࡈࢅቌࡌୠ⏲Ⓩ▩ㆉ❿ண࡞ᚪさ⛁ᏕⓏ⮣⏲Ⅴ㸝critical scientific mass㸞ࡡฝ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࢺࢵࡡ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸝RWTH㸞ࡡሔྙ㸡ᮇㄢᰕ࡚᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒᅗ࣬ᆀᇡ࡛ࣝ࣊ࣜኬᏕ ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡᗀ⠂᪁㔢ࡷᐁ㊰ࢅ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ୕オࡡㄵⅤࢅㄕ᪺ࡊ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡၡ㢗Ⅴ࡞ 㛭ࡌࡾḗࡡ❮ࡡᑙථ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡௧ୖ࡞ྜྷኬᏕࡡౚࢅ♟ࡌࠊ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔࢺ ࢵ࣬ ࣭ࣉࣤ ᕝ⛁ኬ Ꮥ㸝 RW T H㸞ࠕ RWTH ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕࡢ㸡1870 ᖳ࡞❟ࡈࡿࡒᕝ⛁ኬᏕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢺࢵこ㒂㸡࢛ ࣚࣤࢱ࡛࣭࡛࣊ࣜ࢟ࡡᅗሾ࡞㎾ࡂ㸡⌟ᅹ࡚ࡢ࢛࢛࣏࣭ࣝ࢟࣬ࢪ࣬ࣚࣤ㸝Euregio Maas-Rhine㸯ࢺࢵ㸡࢛ࣚࣤࢱ㸡࣭࣊ࣜ࢟ࡡᅗሾࢅ㉲࠻ࡒ㏻ᦘᆀᇡ㸞࡛ࡣࡿࡾሔᡜ ࡞న⨠ࡌࡾࠊ㐛ཡᩐ 10 ᖳࡡ㛣㸡ࡆࡡ❟ᆀࡢྜྷኬᏕ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙Ḛᕗᵋ㏸ᇱ㔘㸝European Structural Funds㸞࡛ᆀᇡ㛣ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ㸝Interregio programmes㸞࡞ᨥ࠻ࡼࡿࡒᡋ␆ ⓏฺⅤ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 80 ௧୕ࡡᏕనㄚ⛤࡛ 9 ࡗࡡᏕ㒂ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ࡞ࡢ࠽ࡻࡐ 3 ெࡡᏕ⏍ ᅹ⡘ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ᭩ࡵᏕ⏍ᩐࡡኣ࠷ฦ㔕ࡢᕝᏕ㸝40㸚㸞࡛⮤↓⛁Ꮥ㸝24㸚㸞࡚࠵ࡾ㸡ெ ᩝ⛁Ꮥ㸡⤊ῥᏕ㸡༈ᏕࡡᏕ㒂ࡵࡐࡿࡑࡿ࠽ࡻࡐ 10㸚ࢅ༥ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠽ࡻࡐ 400 ெࡡᩅ㸡188 ெࡡ࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆ㸡2,200 ெࡡ㟸࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪ ࢰࢴࣆ㸡260 ࡡࣤࢪࢷࢲࣤࢪࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹ tutes㸞 㸡ㅦᗑ㸝chairs㸞㸡ᩅ⫩࣬◂✪ ฦ㔕࠽ࡻࡦᮇ㒂⤄⧂࡞㞘⏕ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⥪⟤ࡢ⌟ᅹ 4 ൦ 3,000 ࣭ࣗࣞࢅ㉰࠻ࡾࠊኬ Ꮥࡡᇱᮇ⟤ࡢ㸡ࢿࣜࢹࣚࣤ㸲ࣥ࢘ࢪࢹࣆ࣭ࣝࣤ㸝NRW㸞ᕗᨳᗋ࠾ࡼᥞ౩ࡈࡿ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕࡢ㸡⟤ࡡ࠽ࡻࡐ 50㸚ࢅࡡ㈠㔘࡚Ᏸࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡◂✪⩽ࡢ⏐ᴏ⏲㸡EU㸡 ㏻㑝ᨳᗋ㸡DFG ࡛࠷ࡖࡒࡡ㈀″࠾ࡼ㈠㔘ࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ NRW ᕗࡡኬᏕࣂࣞࢴࢹࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࡚࠵ࡾ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕࡢ㸡 ࠔࢡ ࣭ࣞࣁࣜࠕ࡚㌶⟤ࡡᜠࢅུࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⟤࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ኬᏕࡡ㐘ႜ㝍ࡢᡋ␆࡛ ࢼ࣭ࢫ࡞ᚉࡖ࡙◂✪⤄⧂ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࣂࣞࢴࢹࣈࣞࢩ࢘ ࢠࢹ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡NRW ᕗࡢ◂✪ࠊᩅ⫩⟤࡞ࡻࡽ㸡◂✪ࡡ⮣⏲㔖Ⓩࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ㸝critical research mass approach㸞ࢅ✒ᴗⓏ࡞ᨥᥴࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪࡞ᙔ࡙ࡼࡿࡾ⟤ࡢ㸡ᩅ⫃ ࡡᩐ㸡༡ኃㄚ⛤ಞ⩽ࡡᩐ㸡➠⩽㈠㔘ࡡཱིᚋ࡞ᚉࡖ࡙㒼ฦࡈࡿࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽ㸡ኬᏕࡻ ࡽኣࡂࡡ➠⩽㈠㔘ࢅ㞗ࡴࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡿࡣ࡚ࡀࡾ㸡ᚋࡼࡿࡾපⓏ㈠㔘ࡵኣࡂࡾ ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕࡢ➠⩽㈠㔘ࡡ⋋ᚋࡡ㟻࡚ࢺࢵࡡኬᏕࡡࢹࢴࣈࢠࣚࢪ࡞࠵ࡾࠊ2003 ᖳ㸡 පභ࠽ࡻࡦẰ㛣ࡡ㈀″࠾ࡼྜྷኬᏕᚋࡒ㈠㔘ࡢ࠽ࡻࡐ 1 ൦ 4,000 ࣭࡚ࣗࣞ࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࡐࡡ࠹ࡔ࠽ࡻࡐ 2,100 ࣭ࣗࣞࡢ➠ 6 ᅂḚᕗᯗ⤄ࡲࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࠾ࡼᣈฝࡈࡿࡒࠊ ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕࡢ㸡◂✪᪁㔢ࡡỬᏽ࡞࠽࠷࡙࣍ࢹ࣑ࢴࣈ᪁ᘟ࡛ࢹࢴࣈࢱࣤ᪁ᘟ ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾይౚ࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕࡢᡋ␆Ⓩぞ์㸡࠷ࢂࡹࡾࠔLeitbild㸝ぞ ⠂㸞 ࠕࢅ➿ᏽࡊ㸡㐘ႜ㝍ኬᏕ࡛ࡐࡡᵋᠺさ⣪ࡡ࢝ࢺࣚࣤࢅᏽࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᣞ ௦ࡡୌ㒂ࡢ㸡◂✪ࡡ୯ᚨⓏᙲ࡛ࡐࡡཱིࡽ⤄ࡲ᪁ࡡ᪺☔‵ᣈⅤ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᐁ⦴࣬㈻ ࣬❿ண ࡡዜທ ◂✪࡛አ㒂㈠㔘ࡡ㔔さᛮࡡቌຊ࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡୯ኳ⤄⧂㈠㔘㒼ฦࡡ⟮⌦ࡡ㟻࡚ኬ Ꮥࡡ◂✪⤄⧂㸝ࣤࢪࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹ㸞ࢅᨥᥴࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ୯ኳ⤄⧂ࡢኬᏕᮇ㒂࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙㈠㔘ᥞ౩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ࡆࡡࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡢ↋ᩩ࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾࠊ ≁࡞㸡 ࠔᢇ⾙⛛㌹࣬◂✪㈠㔘ࠕ㒂ࡡࠔ◂✪㈠㔘࣏࣭࣬ࢢࢷࣤࢡࠕ㒂㛓ࡢ㸡ኣᵕ㈀″ ࡞ᑊᚺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ EU ᯗ⤄ࡲࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙≁ืࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾḚᕗ ㏻⤙ຸᐄ㸝Europe Liaison Office㸞࡛ᐠ࡞༝ງࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ ࡢ㸡ᑍ㛓Ⓩ≁セཱིᚋ࡛ၛᴏࡡࡒࡴࡡࣤࣆࣚᵋ⠇࡞ࡵ✒ᴗⓏ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ ◂✪ࡡහ㒂❿ணࡡୌౚ㸡࠷ࢂࡹࡾࠔDrittmittelreportࠕ㸡ࡌࢂࡔ➠⩽㈠㔘࡞㛭ࡊ ฺ࡙─ࢅུࡄࡾ◂✪⤄⧂࡛㈀″ࢅ♟ࡌᖳḗሒ࿈᭡࡚࠵ࡾࠊᐁ⦴⩇ࡡཋ์࡞ᚉ࠷㸡ධమ ⓏኬᏕ⟤࠾ࡼ㏛ຊ㈠㔘ࢅུࡄࡾࡒࡴࡡᇱ‵࡛ࡊ࡙➠⩽㈠㔘㢘⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ Ꮥ㒂࡛ࣤࢪࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹ࡞ࡢ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ◂✪ࢩ࢘ࣤࢱ㸡࣏࣭ࢢࢷࣤࢡ㸡ཱིᚋ ࡷ㸡ࡐࡿ࡞ᚺࡋࡒࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ㈕⏕ゝ⟤࡞㛭ࡊ࡙࠾ࡽࡡ⮤⏜࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ ࡡ㏻ᦘ ᙁ ᩺ࡒ࡞௴ࡈࡿࡒㅦᗑ௴ࡢ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲࡚ࡡ㔔さ⤊㥺ࢅ᭯ࡊ㸡ࡐࡡࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࢅኬ Ꮥࡡሔ࡞ᣚࡔ㎲ࡳࡆ࡛ᙽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ࡚ࡡࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡฦ 㔕ࡡᚺ⏕◂✪࡞㛭ࡊ㸡ኬᡥ௺ᴏ㸝࢙ࣛࢠࢮࣤ㸡ࣆࣛࢴࣈࢪ㸡ࢡࣜࢾࣤࢰ࣭ࣜ㸡ࢺࢵ ࣎ࢪࢹ㸞㈠㔘ࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡௺ᴏࡢኬᏕࡡ◂✪⩽࡛ࡡᐠ༝ ງ㛭౿ࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊྜྷ✾⏍ࡡὩⓆࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡵ㸡ኬᏕ࡛ࡐࡡ♣ఌ⤊ῥ⎌ሾࡡ⤆ࢅᙁ ࡴࡾࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡຝᯕⓏ᪁Ἢ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕࡢ㸡ྜྷᆀᇡࡡ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡ⬗ງ㞗✒ᴏ㸝Competence Clusters㸞࡞ ཤຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⏐ᴏ⏲ࡡࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࡞ࡻࡖ࡙᥆㐅ࡈࡿࡾྜྷᴏࡢ㸡ኬᏕ㛣ࡡභྜྷ◂✪ࢅ ᙁࡌࡾ࡛ྜྷ࡞㸡ࢹࢴࣈࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ◂✪࡚ᆀᇡࡡフึࢅ㧏ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ Ꮥ㝷Ⓩᵋ ㏸ࡡᣉ ኬ ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ࡞ࡢ㸡々㞟ၡ㢗ࡢୌࡗࡡᏕၡ㡷ᇡࡓࡄ࡚よỬ➿ࢅぜࡗࡄࡾࡆ࡛ ྊ⬗࡞㎾࠷࡛࠷࠹ࢤࣤࢬࣤࢦࢪ࠵ࡾࠊᏕ㝷Ⓩ◂✪ࡢၡ㢗よỬᆵࡡ◂✪࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ᚪ㡪 さ௲࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡢࡆࡿࡱ࡚࡞ 6 ࡗࡡᏕ㝷ࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࣚࢅスࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡌࢂ ࡔ㸡ᢇ⾙࡛♣ఌ㸡ሒᢇ⾙㸡∸㈻⛁Ꮥ㸡⎌ሾ⛁Ꮥ㸡⛛ິ࡛㍲㏞㸡⏍⛁Ꮥ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡ ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࡡ 9 ࡗࡡᏕ㒂࡞ᮇᣈࢅ࠽ࡂᩅࡼ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࣚ࡞ࡢ ฦ㔕ࡡ௯ᙲ࡛ࡾᖷ㒂 1 ྞ⨠࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࣚࡢ㸡ኬᏕᮇ㒂ࡡᢇ ⾙⛛㌹࣬◂✪㈠㔘㒂ㄢᩒࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࣚ࡞ࡢ 3 ࡗࡡὩິ㡷ᇡ࠵ࡾࠊࡌࢂࡔ㸡◂✪㸡ゥ⦆࣬ᩅ⫩㸝Ꮥ㝷Ⓩ ኬᏕ㝌ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࢅྱࡳ㸞 㸡පⓏᑊリ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡼࡡࣆ࢚࣭࣑ࣚࡵ㸡࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡᐞ⩽ ࠾ࡼ㈠㔘ࢅ㞗ࡴ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ϫ㸣㧏➴ ᩅ⫩ᶭ 㛭ࡡၡ 㢗Ⅴ ࢸ࣭ࢰࡡฦᯊ࡛⩻ᐳ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙♟ࡈࡿࡒࡡࡢ㸡㈠㔘㒼ฦࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡞ⴥࡊ࠷ኣᵕᛮ࠵ࡾ࡞ࡵ࠾࠾ ࢂࡼࡍ㸡ࡆࡿࡱ࡚࡞ㄵࡋࡒ㈠㔘㒼ฦࡡၡ㢗࡞ຊ࠻㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ᪁㔢࡛ንࣈࣞࢬࢪ ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡၡ㢗Ⅴ࡛ലྡྷභ㏳ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡼࡢࡌ࡙㸡᭩⤂Ⓩ ࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡛ࡐࡡ◂✪Ὡິࡡ㈀ຸ≟Ἓ࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ᑑᮮࡡᴏ⦴࡛ᠺຉ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ኬ ࡀᙫ㡢ງࢅ᭯ࡌࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡿࡼࡡභ㏳ࡡၡ㢗Ⅴ࡛ንࡡさ⣪ࡢ㸡ḗࡡ 6 ࡗࡡฦ㔕࡞ฦ㢦ࡌࡾࡡ᭩Ⰳ࡚࠵ࢀ࠹ࠊࡌࢂ ࡔ㸡࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡᪁㔢࡛ᡋ␆㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡࡛ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ ࡡ᪁㔢࡛ᐁ㊰㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ⟮⌦㸡㛭㏻ࡌࡾெⓏ㈠″ࡡၡ㢗࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 1㸣 ࢝ࣁࢻ ࣤࢪ㸯 ࣍ࢹ࣑ ࢴࣈ ࡛ࢹࢴ ࣈࢱ ࣤࡡ Ⓠᒈ ㄢᰕᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒኬᏕࡢ㸡ᶭ㛭ࣝ࣊ࣜ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪᪁㔢ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾ୕࡚᭩ࡵ㔔っࡌࡾᯮ࡛ࡊ ࡙㸡┞ཬࡌࡾⅤࢅ➴ࡊࡂ㧏ࡂన⨠ࡘࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡢ㸡୯ኳ࡞ࡻࡾᡋ␆Ửᏽ࡛㸡ฦᶊࣈ࣭ࣞ ࢲ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿࡼ࡞ḗ࠷࡚㸡◂✪ඁฦ㔕㸤◂✪ᣈⅤ㸝centres of excellence㸞ࢪࡡ㔔ⅤⓏ㈠″ 㒼ฦ࡛㸡༡ኃㄚ⛤࣭࣊ࢪࡡ◂✪ཱིࡽ୕ࡅࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ୌぜࡌࡾ࡛ࡆࡿࡢዃዼ࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾ㸡⌟⾔ࡡ࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪၡ㢗㸡ࡗࡱࡽንᖏឺ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ Ⅴࢅࡻࡂ⩻࠻ࡾ࡛㸡ࡆࡿࡵ⌦よ࡚ࡀࡾࠊḚᕗኬᏕࡡ⌟ᐁࢅ≁ᚡࡄࡾࡡࡢࡵ࡛ࡊ࡙ฦᶊࡈ ࡿࡒ࣍ࢹ࣑ࢴࣈ࣬ࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡚࠵ࡽ㸡Ꮥ㒂ᙁ࠷ງࢅᣚࡔ㸡◂✪⩽ெ㔔さᙲࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙ ࠷ࡾ㸡ୌ᪁࡚⛤ᗐࡢࡈࡱࡉࡱࡼን㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ᑊࡌࡾአ㒂࠾ࡼࡡᅸງ ࡛さịࡡᙁࡱࡽ㸝ࡵࡡࡓࡄ࡚ࡵ㸡පⓏ㈠㔘ࡡ΅ᑛ㸡Ꮥ⏍ᩐࡡቌຊ㸡ࣤࣆࣚ㈕⏕ࡡቌኬ㸡⎌ ሾ࡛ࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭࡞ᑊࡌࡾ࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࡡᙁ㸡ᅗහአࡡ≁ᚡฦᯊ㸝profiling㸞࡛❿ ணࡡᚪさᛮᣪࡅࡼࡿࡾ㸞ࡡࡒࡴ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢ㸡◂✪᪁㔢ࢅỬᏽࡌࡾ୕࡚ࡡࡻࡽኬࡀ ᶊ㝀ࢅ㸝ኣࡂࡡሔྙ㸡Ꮥ㛏㸝Rector㸞࡛◂✪ጟဤఌࡷ࢜ࣤࢨࣜࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸞ኬᏕᮇ㒂ࡡ㤫⬳㝍࡞ ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ୯ኳ㞗ᶊࡈࡿࡒ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ◂✪ጟဤఌᏋᅹࡌࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ⤄⧂ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ ࡻࡽࡵᙁງㄢᩒࡡᙲࢅᣚࡗലྡྷぜࡼࡿ㸡ࡐࡡࡻ࠹⤄⧂ᮅࡓ࠷࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ࡢࡐࡡᑙථ ᳠ゞࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࡛ࢆࡡ㈠㔘ࡢࡐࡡ㒼ฦࡡ㈈௴ࢅㇿ࠹Ꮥ㒂࡞├౩⤝ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡୯ኳ ࡻࡽమ⣌Ⓩ࡞◂✪ᣈⅤ㸝centres of excellence㸞ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾലྡྷࡵぜࡼࡿ㸡ࡐࡿࡢአ㒂㈠㔘㸝≁ ᏽࡡᨳⓏ㆗㢗࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒᅗࡱࡒࡢᆀᇡࡡ㈀″㸞㸡࠽ࡻࡦ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ㒼ฦࡷࡐࡡࡡහ㒂㈠㔘 ࢅ㈠㔘″࡛ࡌࡾᏕහඁ㡧ࢅスᏽࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙᥆㐅ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒິࡀ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡 ୯ኳࡡᏕ㛏ᐄ㸝central rectorate㸞㸡Ꮥ㒂㸡◂✪⩽ࡡఎ⤣Ⓩ㛭౿ぜ├ࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡿࡼࡡ㛣࡚᩺ ࡒࠔᢙ⾢ࠕ⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ࡛ࡾࠊ≁࡞㸡ࡐࡿࡱ࡚࡞ᠺຉ⿱࡞⋋ᚋࡈࡿࡒ➠⩽㈠㔘ࡡ 㢘࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙㐽ืᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷㸝ࠔ㈠㔘㈠㔘ࢅࡩ㸝money follows money㸞ࠕ㸞ࡒࡴ㸡 ᢙ⾢ᚪさ࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ྜྷേⓏ㢴ᅰ࠾ࡼ௺ᴏⓏ࡚❿ணⓏࡐࡿࡡᩝࡡንᐖࡢ㸡ᵕࠍさᅄ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᘤࡀ㉫ࡆࡈࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ぜࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ㈀ᨳⓏ⮤ࡡ⛤ᗐ㧏ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ࡊࡣࡊࡣපⓏ㈠㔘΅ᑛࡊ㸡࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷ㧏ࡱ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅណࡌࡾ㸞ࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ኬᏕࡢ◂✪ࢩ࢘ࣤࢱࢅ᪁ྡྷࡘࡄ㸡ᅗහአ࡚ࡡᏕ⾙Ⓩ ▩ྞᗐ࡛ᶭ㛭࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡフึࢅ㧏ࡴࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡≺⮤ࡡ㈀″ࢅቌຊࡈࡎࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࠊ ❿ணⓏࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㈠㔘ⴥࡊࡂቌኬࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡◂✪⩽ࡢአ㒂㈠㔘⋋ᚋ࡛❿ணⓏ㈠㔘ࡡ ⏞ㄫ࡞ງࢅἸࡉࡾࢅᚋࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡㈈௴࡛ࣛࢪࢠቌኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ≁࡞୯Ḛ࠽ࡻࡦ᮶Ḛ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬᏕࡢ㸡ᅗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ࠵ࡿᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ࠵ࡿ㸡❿ணⓏ㈠㔘 ࡡ⏞ㄫቌ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᙽࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᙁㄢࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ㄚ㢗̿̿ࡐࡊ࡙ࢩ࣏ࣝࣤ̿̿ࡢ㸡Ꮥ⩽࡞⮤ฦࡡይዃᚨࡷ㏸ᛮࢅ㏛ịࡌࡾ⮤⏜ࢅṟࡊࡗࡗ ࡵ㸡㛭㏻ࡡࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡷࢲ࣭࣑࡚ࡡ༝ງ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ᶭ㛭࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪Ὡິ࡛ථฝ࡛ࢅ ୦❟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔࢪ ࣭࢘ࢸ ࣤ࣬ ࣈࢦࣚ ኬᏕ ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ༝㆗࡞ ࡻࡾᡋ ␆➿ᏽ ࠕ ◂✪Ὡິ ࡡ᪁㔢 ࡛ᡋ␆ ࣈࢦࣚኬᏕࡢ㸡⌟ᅹ⣑ 4 ெࡡᏕ⏍ࢅ᧞ࡌࡾḚ᭩ཿࡡኬᏕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕࡢ㸡ᩅ ⫩ࡡᣈⅤ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ྜྷ࡞ᅗ㝷Ⓩ❿ணງࢅ᭯ࡌࡾ◂✪ᣈⅤ࡚ࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷࡛࠷࠹⥪ ྙኬᏕࡡࡗࡡ㈈ຸ࡞ᇱࡘࡀ㸡ࡐࡡ≁Ⰵࢅ✒ᴗⓏ࡞᥆㐅ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ❿ ணງ࡛◂✪ࡡ㈻ࢅ⥌ᣚ࣬ྡྷ୕ࡈࡎ㸡Ꮥ㒂㛣ࡡᆍ⾦ࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡢᏕ㒂ࡷࡐࡡ ࡡ㛭㏻ᙔ⩽࡛ࡡ༝㆗࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ᶭ㛭ධమࡡ◂✪ᡋ␆ࢅ➿ᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪Ὡິࡡ᪁ 㔢࡛ᡋ␆ࡢ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ┘Ⓩࢅᨥᥴࡊ㸡አ㒂㈠㔘ࢅ⋋ᚋࡊ㸡ᶭ㛭࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪ࡡ㈻࡛ࣝ࣊ ࣜࢅῼᏽࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡࢵ࣭࡛ࣜ⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᡋ␆ࡢ㸡Ꮥහ࡚ࡡᖕᗀ࠷༝㆗ࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ࡛ࡊ࡙షᠺࡈࡿࡾᡋ ␆ሒ࿈᭡ࡢ㸡 ◂✪⩽ࡡ㛭ᚨ࡛ᶭ㛭ධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ┘ᵾࢅ⤄ࡲྙࢂࡎࡒࡵࡡ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡᡋ␆ሒ࿈᭡ࡢ㸡ᐁ᪃ࡈࡿࡾࡌ࡙ࡡ◂✪Ὡິ࡛ࡐࡡ㛭㏻Ὡິࡡ㛏ᡜ࡛▯ᡜࡡฦᯊ࡞ ᇱࡘ࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪࡛ᩅ⫩ࡡ㏻ᦘࢅౚ࡞ཱིࡾ࡛㸡フ㆗ఌ㸝Senate㸞ࡢࡌ࡙ࡡᏕ㒂࡛㛭 ㏻◂✪ࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡5 ᖳ㛣࡞ࢂࡒࡾ◂✪ᠺᯕ࡛Ꮥኃ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡᩅ⫩ࢅฦᯊࡊ㸡Ꮥ㒂 ࡡ◂✪⟤ࢅ 5㸚㸡Ꮥኃࣝ࣊ࣜࡡᩅ⫩⟤ࢅ 3㸚๎΅ࡌࡾ᪁Ἢࢅᥞゕࡌࡾࡻ࠹ịࡴࡒࠊ ࡱࡒ㸡ࡐࡡ⟿΅㢘ࡡ᭩ၻࡡ්ᢖ㈠᪁Ἢ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵᏕ㒂࡛Ꮥ⛁ࡡណぜࢅ⪲࠷ࡒࠊࡆࡡ༝㆗ ࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡞ࡢຸ㒂㛓࡛ᅒ᭡㤃ࡵྱࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕࡢ 3 ࡗࡡᏕአᥞᦘ⩽࡞㏞ࡼࡿ㸡ຐゕịࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊࡆࡡຐゕ࡞ᇱࡘࡀ㸡フ㆗ ఌ࡛Ꮥ⏍⤄⧂㈠㔘ࡡ්㒼ฦゝ⏤ࢅ➿ᏽࡊ㸡Ꮥ㒂࡞ᥞ♟ࡊ࡙ណぜࢅịࡴࡒࠊࡐࡡ୕࡚㸡 フ㆗ఌ᭩⤂Ⓩᡋ␆ゝ⏤ࢅᢝࡊࡒࠊ フ౮࡛ࠔ ῼᏽࠕ ᐁ⾔ࡈࡿࡒ◂✪Ὡິࡡフ౮࡛ࠔῼᏽࠕ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡢࡡ࡛ࡆࢀఎ⤣Ⓩᘤ⏕ᣞ ᩐ࡛ࣅࣝࣄ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢨࢪࢷ࣑௧አࡡࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࢅᮅࡓぜฝࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ⌟ᅹࡡఌゝἪ࡚ ࡢ㸡አ㒂㈠㔘࡞㛭ࡌࡾࡌ࡙ࡡሒࡢᏕ㒂᭯ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊኬᏕᮇ㒂ࣝ࣊ࣜ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢ⌟ ᅹࡡ◂✪Ὡິࢅヾㆉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡మ⣌Ⓩ࡞⤣ゝࢸ࣭ࢰࢅ㞗ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ࡢࡂ㸡◂ ✪ࡡ㈻ࢅῼᏽࡌࡾୌ⯙Ⓩහ㒂ᇱ‵ࡵ࠷ࠊ ᡋ␆Ⓩ ㈠㔘 ࣈࢦࣚኬᏕࡢ㸡1998 ᖳ௧ᮮᚆࠍ࡞㸡Ꮥ㛏⮤⏜࡞࠻ࡾᡋ␆㈠㔘ࢅ࠻࡙ࡀࡒࠊࡆ ࡿࡼࡢࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡ኬᏕࡡᡋ␆ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾ᩺ࡊ࠷ㅦᗑ㸝Chairs㸞ࢅスࡄࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࢂࡿ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊኣࡂࡡ◂✪ฦ㔕ࠔ㈠㔘㈠㔘ࢅࡩࠕࣂࢰ࣭࡚ࣤᙁࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡㈠㔘ࡡୌ 㒂ࡢ㸡ዥᛮࡡࡒࡴࡡ≁ื༡ኃຐᠺ㔘≁ᏽࡡฦ㔕࡞㒼ฦࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᡋ␆Ⓩゝ⏤࡛㈠㔘ࡢ࠷ࡍࡿࡵ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡞❿ண㧏ࡱࡾ⎌ሾ࡚ྜྷኬᏕࡡ◂✪ࢅᙁࡊ Ⓠᒈࡈࡎࡾᙁງࢵ࣭࡛ࣜࡲࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡゝ⏤ࡢ㸡ኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨ ࣘࣤ࡞࠷ࡖࡐ࠹ࡡᨳᗋ㈠㔘ࢅさịࡌࡾᇱ┑࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ྜྷኬᏕ⏞ㄫࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ 4,500 ࣭ࣗࣞࡡහゼࡢ௧ୖࡡ࡛࠽ࡽ࡚࠵ࡾ㸝༟నࡢⓊ࣭ࣗ ࣞ㸞 ࠊ ࣎ࢪࢺࢠᩅ⫩ 8 PhD ᩅ⫩ 6 ᩺ࡊ࠷ㅦᗑ 15 ㅦᗑ࡛Ꮥኃㄚ⛤ᩅ⫩ࡡ㏻ᦘ 4 ࣤࣆࣚ 4 ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨ࡛ࣘࣤ◂✪⋋ᚋࡡᨥᥴ 8 2㸣ᨳ➿࡛ᡋ␆㸯⮣⏲Ⅴ࡛ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࡡᵋ⠇ ࠵ࡼࡹࡾሒ♟ࡌ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚ࡢ㸡༎ฦ◂✪⬗ງ㸝critical research capacity㸞ࢅịࡴࡾ❿ண ᵕࠍሔ㟻࡚ᙁࡱࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡▩ྞᗐࡡ㧏࠷◂✪୯ᚨࡡᶭ㛭࡛ᩅ⫩ࢅ㔔っࡌࡾᶭ㛭࡞ฦࡈࡿࡾല ྡྷ᛬㏷࡞㐅ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ㧏࠷⬗ງࢅᣚࡗ◂✪⩽ࢅኣࡂ᧞ࡌࡾኬᏕࡢ㸡ኣࡂࡡአ㒂㈠㔘ࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾ ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ㸡ࡐࡿ࡞ఔࡖ࡙ኣ㢘ࡡපⓏ㈠㔘ࡵུࡄཱིࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ኣࡂࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢ㸡⮤ฦࡒࡔࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜὩິࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡆ࡛ࡢ࡚ࡀ࠷࡛ ༎ฦ࡞ヾㆉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⛁ᏕⓏ⮣⏲Ⅴ㸝critical scientific mass㸞࡞㐡ࡊ࡙࠷࠷ኬᏕ㸡ࡱࡒࡢ ࡐࡿࢅᵋ⠇ࡌࡾᏕ⾙Ⓩ࣬㈀ᨳⓏమງࢅᣚࡒ࠷ኬᏕࡢ㸡ᶭ㛭㛣ࡡ༝ງࢅ㏛ịࡊ㸡භྜྷࡡ⛁Ꮥࢾ ࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠ࡞ཤຊࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩ㈠㔘࡞ᙽࢅᐞࡎ࡙࠷ࡾࠊḚᕗࡡᨥᥴ࡞㛭ࡌࡾᙽࡢ᩺ぞຊ ┍ᅗ࡚≁࡞㧏࠷㸡こḚࡡኬᏕࡵᘤࡀ⤾ࡀ㸡Ḛᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡻࡽኣࡂࡡࣤࢬࣤࢷࣇ࡛ᶭఌᚋ ࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᭻ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ හ㒂㈠㔘㸡ࡱࡒࡢአ㒂㈠㔘࡛හ㒂㈠㔘ࡡ⤄ྙࡎࡢ㸡⛸ࡡ᪁㔢ࢅ㐲⏕ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ฺ⏕ࡈࡿࡾ㸡 ࡐࡿࡢ㐽ᢝࡈࡿࡒ◂✪ᡋ␆࡞㈠㔘ᥞ౩ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪ᡋ␆࡛ࡢ≁࡞௧ୖࡡ㏳ࡽ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ Ửᏽࡈࡿࡒ◂✪ฦ㔕ࡷࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㸝༜㉲ฦ㔕ࢅᨥᥴࡱࡒࡢ⫩ᠺࡌࡾࡵࡡ㸞ࡡࡒࡴ࡞⋋ᚋࡈ ࡿࡒ➠⩽㈠㔘࡛ࡡㄢᩒ ⮤↓⛁Ꮥฦ㔕࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡈࡿࡾᙁᅖአ㒂㈠㔘࡛ࡡᆍ⾦ࢅᅒࡾࡒࡴ࡞⾔࠹㸡ெᩝ⛁Ꮥฦ㔕࠽ ࡻࡦ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥฦ㔕࡞ᑊࡌࡾ◂✪ᨥᥴ ᩺ࡊ࠷༝ງᙟឺࢅಀ㐅ࡌࡾᏕ㝷Ⓩࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡱࡒࡢኬᏕ㛣ࡡභྜྷࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ Ꮥ⾙ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡ⏕࡛⥌ᣚ࠽ࡻࡦ༡ኃㄚ⛤ᩅ⫩ࡡᨭၻ ❿ணⓏ㈠㔘ࡡᚺຽࣈࣞࢬࢪࡡㄢᩒ࡛ᑍ㛓࠽ࡻࡦ㛭㏻ሒࡡఎ㐡ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㸡ኬᏕ୯ኳ ࡡ◂✪ᨥᥴᑻࡡス❟ ࡆࡿࡼࡡὩິࡢ㸡ࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ㇿᢰࡈࡿࡾ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘࡚㒂ฦⓏ࡞ ㈝ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࠵ࡾ㸝௧ୖࡡࠔ3㸣㈠㔘㒼ฦ࡛ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࠕࡵཤ↯㸞ࠊ ࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ㸡ྜྷേⓏᩝ࡛௺ᴏⓏᩝࡡ㛣࡚⥥ᘿぜࡼࡿࡾࠊ ኬᏕࡢ㸡௧ୖࡡㅎⅤ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ᆍ⾦ࢅᅒࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࠊ ᏭᏽⓏአ㒂㈠㔘ࡡᜠࢅུࡄ࠷Ꮥၡ㡷ᇡ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡ࠔ㏻ᖈᇱ㔘㸝solidarity fund㸞 ࠕ࡛ࡊ࡙ හ㒂㈠″ࢅ⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ ᑑᮮᛮࡡ࠵ࡾཱི⤄ࡲ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࣤࢬࣤࢷࣇᡥṹࢅฝࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ➠⩽㈠㔘ࡡ⋋ᚋ㐡ᠺ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ሒዜࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔࢰ ࣛ࣬ ࢹࣝࣤ ࢹኬᏕ ࡞࠽ ࡄࡾ❿ண Ⓩ◂✪ ᩝࡡ ᑙථࠕ ࢰࣛ᮶㒂ࡡ୯ぞᶅ㒌ᕰࢹࣝࣤࢹ࡞࠵ࡾࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕࡢ㸡ྜྷᅗ࡚ࡢ᩺ࡊ࠷Ꮥ⾙ᶭ 㛭ࡡ㒂㢦࡞ᒌࡌࡾࠊ1962 ᖳ࡞ᆀඔ࡚ス⨠ࡈࡿࡒ♣ఌ⛁Ꮥࣤࢪࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹ࠾ࡼጙࡱ ࡽ㸡10 ᖳᚃ࡞ප❟ኬᏕ࡞ࡖࡒᚃ㸡1982 ᖳ࡞≁ื⮤ᶊࢅ᭯ࡌࡾᅗ❟ኬᏕࡡᆀనࢅᚋ ࡒࠊ ࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕࡡ⌟Ꮥ㛏ࡢ㸡90 ᖳ༖ࡣ࠾ࡼࢰ࡚ࣛᑙථࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾኬᏕᨭ㠁࡞ࡻࡾ ⮤࣬⮤ᕤ⟮⌦࣬❿ணࡡᣉኬࡡྊ⬗ᛮࢅ᭩ኬ㝀࡞ฺ⏕ࡊ࡙ࡀࡒࠊᏕ㛏ࡢ㸡々ᩐࡡⅤࢅ ᣚࡗ◂✪㛜Ⓠ㸤ᩅ⫩ࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷ᡋ␆ࡡᑙථ㸡᩺ࡊ࠷Ꮥහぞ์ࡡ➿ᏽ㸡࢝ࣁࢻࣤࢪ㸡࢜ ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷ㸡௺ᴏ⢥♼ࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷ᩝࡡಀ㐅㸡ࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭㸝⏐ ᴏ⏲㸡ᆀ᪁࣬ᆀᇡ⤄⧂㸞ࡡཤ⏤㸡Ꮥහ࡞࠽ࡄࡾኬぞᶅᨭ㠁ࣈࣞࢬࢪࢅ㐅ࡴ࡙ࡀࡒࠊ ⌟ᅹ㸡ࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕࡢᏕ⏍ᩐ 15,000 ெ㸝༡ኃㄚ⛤ 396 ெ㸞ࡡᑚぞᶅ࠾ࡼ୯ぞᶅࡡኬ Ꮥ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ457 ெࡡ࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆ㸡575 ெࡡຸ࣬ᢇ⾙ࢪࢰࢴࣆ㸡6 ࡗࡡᏕ㒂㸡 13 ࡡ◂✪⛁㸡35 ࡡ◂✪ᡜࢅ᭯ࡊ㸡⟤⥪㢘ࡢ 1 ൦ 1,000 ࣭࡚ࣗࣞ࠵ࡾࠊ2000 ᖳ௧ᮮ㸡 ࢰࣛ⤣ゝᑻ CENSIS ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ྜྷᅗࡡᑚぞᶅኬᏕ㸝Ꮥ⏍ᩐ 2 ெ௧ୖ㸞ࡡ୯࡚ 1 న㸡 ࡱࡒࡢࢹࢴࣈࢠࣚࢪ࡞ࣚࣤࢠࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢰ࡚ࣛࡢᇱᮇⓏ࡞㸡◂✪࠽ࡻࡦ⛁Ꮥᢇ⾙㛜Ⓠࡡ㈠㔘ࡢ࡞ࡗࡡ㈀″࠾ࡼ⋋ᚋࡈ ࡿࡾࠊࡌࢂࡔᨳᗋ࡛ EU ࡚࠵ࡾࠊኬᏕࡡ㈀″ࡢᨳᗋ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ᩅ⫩࣬ኬᏕ࣬◂✪┤ 4 ࡗࡡ◂✪⟤㸡ࡌࢂࡔᅗᐓⓏฺ─ࡡ࠵ࡾ◂✪㸡ᇱ♇◂✪㸡㸝⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ࡡ㸞ᚺ ⏕◂✪㸡පⓏ⤄⧂࡛ࡡභྜྷ◂✪ࡡ⟤ࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡᯗ⤄ࡲࡡ୯࡚㸡ࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕࡢ㸡አⓏࣤࢬࣤࢷࣇ࡛හ㒂ᨥᥴࡡ◂✪Ὡິࢅ⤄ ࡲྙࢂࡎ࡙⏕࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡ኬᏕࡡ◂✪᪁㔢࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᡋ␆Ⓩࣈ࣭ࣞࢲࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎ࡙ࡀ ࡒࠊ2003 ᖳ࡞ࡢ㐽ᢝࡈࡿࡒ◂✪ฦ㔕࡞࠽ࡻࡐ 700 ࣭ࣗࣞ㒼ฦࡈࡿࡒࠊࡆࡡࣈࣞ ࣭ࢲࡢ㸡ఎ⤣ⓏᏕ⾙Ⓩࢤࣤࢬࣤࢦࢪࡡᩝ࠾ࡼ❿ணⓏࡐࡿࡡ⛛⾔ࡡ୯࡚⥥ᘿࢅ⏍ ࡲฝࡊ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡾ㸡ࢰࣛ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㔔さ㥉Ⓩཱི⤄ࡲ࡛ࡊ࡙ᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕ ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡻࡽභྜྷ◂✪ࢅ㔔っࡊࡒᡋ␆ࢅࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲ࡷࡐࡡࡡᆀᇡ ㈠㔘ኬᖕ࡞ቌຊࡊ㸡පⓏ㈠㔘ࡻࡽຝᯕⓏ࡞ฺ⏕ࡈࡿ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠᣉኬࡊ ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡱࡍ㸡አ㒂ࡡᅗ㝷Ⓩࣅࢲ࣭࣑ᣅ࠾ࡿ㸡Ꮥၡ㡷ᇡ࡛Ꮥ⛁ࡡ◂✪Ὡິࡡ㈻࡞㛭ࡌࡾ ᰕᏽ࡛㸡ฦ㔕࡞࠽ࡄࡾୠ⏲Ⓩ◂✪ᣈⅤ࡛ࡡẒ㍉⾔ࢂࡿࡒࠊࡆࡡ㛏ᡜ࡛▯ᡜࡡฦᯊ ࡞ᇱࡘࡀ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ❿ணງࡡ࠵ࡾ◂✪ࡡ㛭ᚨ㡷ᇡ࣏ࢴࣈషࡼࡿ㸡㈠㔘ㄢᩒࡡ᪁㔢㐲⏕ ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡗࡱࡽ㸡❿ணⓏ㈀″࠾ࡼአ㒂㈠㔘ࢅ⋋ᚋࡌࡾ࡛㸡⛤ᗐ࡞ᕣࡢ࠵ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡ࡐࡿ ࡞ぜྙ࠹㈠㔘ኬᏕࡡ㈀″࠾ࡼ࠻ࡼࡿࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᇱᮇⓏ⟤ࡢ㸡◂✪⩽ᩐ㸡༡ኃㄚ ⛤Ꮥ⏍ᩐ㸡㐛ཡ 3 ᖳ㛣ࡡአ㒂㈠㔘ࡡᖲᆍ㢘࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙㸡ࡌ࡙ࡡ◂✪Ꮥ⛁࡞㒼ฦࡈࡿࡾࠊ ࡱࡒ㸡ࣅࣝࣄ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢲ࣭࣑ࡡណぜ࡞ᇱࡘࡀ㸡㛜ጙ㈠㔘࡛ࡗࡁ㈠㔘ࡵ⏕࠷ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ◂✪⩽ெࡡ㏸ᛮࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡පⓏ㈠㔘ࡡ᭩㐲ฺ⏕ᅒࡼࡿࡾୌ᪁࡚㸡ࡗ㒂 ฦ࠾ࡼࡾ౼─㐡ᠺࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᩅ⫩┤ࡢපຽ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ධᅗࡡ◂✪⩽࡞ྙゝᖳ㛣 1 ൦ 3,000 ࣭ࣗࣞࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⏞ㄫࡢ◂✪⩽࠾ࡼᩅ⫩┤࡞├ᥞฝࡈࡿ㸡⏞ㄫ㏳ࡿ ࡣ㈠㔘◂✪⩽࡞├ஹࡈࡿࡾࠊஹࡡᇱ♇࡛ࡾࡡࡢࣅフ౮࡛ㄢᩒ㈠㔘โᗐ 㸝matching fund scheme㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡌ࡙ࡡ◂✪⩽࡞ᑊࡊ࡙༇ืࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛ࡂࡆࡿࡡཤຊࢅ᥆ዜࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⏞ㄫࢅỬࡴࡒ◂✪⩽ࡢ⮤ࡼࡡ㈀ᨳⓏࢼ࣭ࢫࢅ ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼࡍ㸡ኬᏕࡢᚪさㄢᩒ㈠㔘࡚ࡌ࡙ࡡ⏞ㄫ⩽ࢅᨥᥴࡊ㸡ࡐࡡㄢ ᩒ㈠㔘ࡢ㈠㔘ஹỬᏽࡈࡿࡿࡣᙔル◂✪⩽࡞㆙ῳࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊ࡚ࡀࡾࡓࡄኣࡂ ࡡ⏞ㄫࢅᥞฝࡌࡿࡣ㸡ኣᩐࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㐽ࡣࡿࡾࢲࣔࣤࢪ㧏ࡱࡽ㸡ࡐࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ ◂✪⩽ࡡὩິ࡛ᠺ㛏ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ㸡ኬᏕࡡᢖ㈠ࡡぜ㏁ࡽࡵቌ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊ ᖳ㛣 40 ெ࠾ࡼ 50 ெࡡ༡ኃㄚ⛤Ꮥ⏍࡞ᑊࡌࡾຐᠺ㔘ࢅྱࡴ㸡ᖳ㛣 300 ࣭ࣗࣞࢅᢖ㈠ ࡊ࡙ኬᏕ㝌࡛◂✪ဤโᗐࢅᑙථࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡵ㸡◂✪⮣⏲Ⅴࡡᵋ⠇࡞ྡྷࡄࡒࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡ⤄ ⧂Ⓩཱི⤄ࡲ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᩅ⫩ఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞㈠㔘㊂࡚࠵ࡽ㸡Ꮥ⾙ᶭ㛭࡞࠽ ࡄࡾᏕ⩽࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ࢞ࣔࣛ࠵ࡱࡽ㨡ງⓏ࡛ࡢぜࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ᅗ࡚ࡢ≁࡞㔔さỬᏽ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡻࡽຝ⋙ⓏኬᏕ⤊ႜࡡࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡ㔔さࢪࢷࢴࣈࡢ㸡ฦᯊⓏఌゝ࣬⟮⌦ࢨࢪࢷ ࣑㸝SAP㸞ࡡᑙථ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡Ꮥ⛁࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡࢤࢪࢹࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡊ㸡࢛࣭ࣁ ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ⤊㈕ࢅࡻࡽ㏩᪺࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ࣆࣜࢤࢪࢹ࣓࣬ࢸࣜࡡ⛛⾔ྊ⬗࡞ ࡾࠊ㛭౿ࡌࡾᏕ⛁ࡡࢤࢪࢹᵋ㏸࡞ᚉࡖ࡙㸡㌶࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ⤊㈕᪁㔢㐲⏕ࡈࡿࡾ ࡆ࡛࡞ࡾࠊ 3㸣 ㈠㔘㒼 ฦ࡛ࢤ ࢪࢹゝ ⟤ ㈠㔘㒼ฦࡡᙟឺ❿ணⓏ࡚ᴏ⦴㏻㛭ᆵࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㈠㔘࡞⛛⾔ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡ኬᏕࡡኣࡂࡡ㟻 ࡚ᚆࠍ࡞ᩝࡡን⏍ࡋࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ◂✪⩽ࡷᏕ⛁ࡢ㸡ࡻࡽ❿ணⓏ࡚௺ᴏⓏጶເࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎ ࡄࡿࡣࡼࡍ㸡⮤ࡼࡡᴏ⦴࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡻࡽࡵ࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࢅ♟ࡈࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷ࠊ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᩝࡡንࡢᑛ࠾ࡼࡍࢱࢻ࣐ࢠࢪ࡛㏸ᛮࢅฝࡊ࡙ࡢ࠷ࡾ㸡᪁࡚㸡Ḛᕗኬ 㝛ࡡ࠷ࡂࡗ࠾ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡚ࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹ᠩᛍࡵᥞ㉫ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ㈠㔘⋋ᚋ࡛ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ⟮⌦࡞㛭㏻ࡊࡒ㔖ࡡቌຊࡡࡒࡴ࡞㸡 㸝ⱕᡥ㸞◂✪⩽ࡡ࢞ࣔࣛ㛜 Ⓠ㜴ᐐࡈࡿ࠾ࡠ࠷ࠊࡆࡡࡆ࡛࡞ᑊᚺ࡚ࡀࡾᑍ㛓Ⓩࢪࢰࢴࣆᑛࡂ㸡◂✪⩽ࡡࠔࢪ࢞ࣜ ゥ⦆ࠕ༎ฦ࡚ࡢ࠷࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ㈠㔘⋋ᚋ࡛⟮⌦࡞࠵ࡱࡽ࡞ࡵኣࡂࡡ㛣㈕ࡷࡈࡿ㸡ᐁ 㝷ࡡ◂✪Ὡິ࡞ᙔ࡙ࡾ㛣ᑛࡂࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝➠Ϭ❮ࡵཤ↯㸞 ࠊ පⓏ㈠㔘ࡡ΅ᑛࢅ࠹ࡒࡴ࡞➠⩽㈠㔘ᨥ㒼Ⓩ࡞ࡽ㸡▯Ⓩᚺ⏕◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ ቌຊࡌࡾ࡛㸡㛏Ⓩᇱ♇◂✪㸝࠽ࡻࡦ㛭㏻ࡌࡾᚪさࣤࣆࣚᢖ㈠㸞ࢂࡿࡾࠊ ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒአ㒂㈠㔘౪Ꮛ㸝50㸚௧୕࡞㸞㧏ࡱࡾ࡛㸡ථࡡንິኬࡀࡂࢤࢪࢹ༎ฦ࡞ሳ ࡈࡿ࠷ࡒࡴ㸡㈻ୖࡊ㸡᭩⤂Ⓩ࡞ࡢᙔルᶭ㛭ࢅ༱㝜࡞ࡌࡆ࡛࡞ࡽ࠾ࡠ࠷ࠊ Ꮥ⾙ᶭ㛭ࡡᑍ㛓࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡ኣࡂࡡሔྙ᭩๑⥲࡞࠵ࡾ࢟ࣛࢪ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡌ࡚࡞ࡆࡡ⛸ࡡᝇᙫ㡢 ⤊㥺ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ7ࠊኬぞᶅ࠾ࡗ々㞟◂✪フ౮㸝RAE㸞ࡡ㛏ᖳ࡞ࢂࡒࡾ⤊㥺࡞ࡻࡿࡣ㸡ᙔルὩິ࡞ ࡗ࠷࡙㐲วࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤⾔ࢂࡿ㸡㢫ᐂࡷ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭࡞⌟ᐁⓏ౮ㄫịࡈࡿ࡙ิࡴ࡙㸡㛏 Ⓩ࡞ࡲ࡙㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㈻ࡡ㧏࠷◂✪⬗ງ⫩ᠺ㸡⥌ᣚ㸡ᨭၻࡈࡿࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ヾ ㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢟ࣛࢪ࡚ࡢ 1998 ᖳ௧ᮮ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩⟤ࡡ㏩᪺ᛮࣝࣄ࣭ࣖᐁ᪃ࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ኬᏕὩິࡡ⤊ ῥⓏࣆࣜࢤࢪࢹࢅ⟤ᏽࡌࡾ᪁Ἢ⩻࠻ฝࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊྜྷࣝࣄ࣭ࣖࡢ㸡ࡒ࡛࠻ࡣපⓏ⟤࡞ࡻࡾ◂ ✪ࡢ 40㸚ࡡ㈠㔘㊂࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛㸝2001 ᖳ㸞ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᴗࡴ࡙ᬧ⃢ࡒࡾ⤎ᯕࢅུࡄ ࡙㸡࢟ࣛࢪࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢᚃ㸡◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ 100㸚ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࡡᑙථࢅ᳠ゞࡌࡾࡆ ࡛࡞ࡖࡒࠊአ㒂㈠㔘ቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ୯㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭⏍ࡀṟࡖ࡙࠷ࡂࡒࡴ࡞ࡢ㏩᪺ࢤࢪࢹ ゝ⟤ᴗࡴ࡙㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᨳᗋࡢᚃࡱࡌࡱࡌࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࢅ⟮⌦ࡌࡾᯗ⤄ࡲࢅᥞ౩ࡊࡄࡿࡣ ࡼࡂࡽ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢྜྷࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡᐁ⾔᪁Ἢࢅ㐽ᢝࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼࡂࢀ࠹ࠊࢤࢪࢹゝ ⟤ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡ㏩᪺ᛮࡡቌኬࡢ㸡◂✪ᇱ┑ࡡ㛏Ⓩᣚ⤾ྊ⬗ᛮࢅ☔ಕࡌࡾࡡ࡞ᙲ❟ࡗࡢࡍ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ኣࡂࡡኬᏕࡡ◂✪㈠㔘㢘࡞ࠔ୕㝀ࠕᏽࡴࡼࡿࡿࡣ㸡⏐Ꮥ༝ྜྷࡡࠔ౮ࠕ୕᪴ࡌࡾࡒ ࡴ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲㸝ኬᡥࡵ୯ᑚࡵࡓ㸡≁࡞୯ᑚ௺ᴏ㸞࠾ࡼࡡ㈠㔘΅ᑛࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹ฺ─ࢅᣅࡂྊ⬗ ᛮ࠵ࡾࠊ ࢟ࣛࢪ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࡆࡡࡻ࠹ኬぞᶅᨭ㠁ࡡ⤎ᯕ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ㸡ࡌ࡚࡞ኬ࠷࡞㆗ㄵࡈࡿ㸡࢟ࣛ ࢪᨳᗋ࡛㧏➴ᩅ⫩㈀ᨳ࢜ࣤࢨࣜ࡞ᑊࡌࡾࣝࣄ࣭ࣖ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ࢟ࣛࢪࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࡛㈻ࢅᚷྡྷࡊࡒࢨࢪࢷ࣑࡛ࣈࣞࢬࢪᑙථࡈࡿࡒࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡᴏ⦴ ࡛㈀ᨳງ㸝financial viability㸞ᨭၻࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ࡐࡡୌ᪁࡚㸡Ẓ㍉Ⓩᑛᩐࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ ⟤㞗୯ࡊ㸡ኬ㒂ฦࡢᑛ࠷⟤࡚⤊ႜࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷࡛࠷࠹ᆍ⾦⏍ࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊኬ㝛 ㅎᅗࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ᪁㔢ࡢࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ࢟ࣛࢪࡡࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ࠾ࡼࡢ㐪ࡂ㸡ࡐࡿ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ㈰ྫྷࡢኬࡀ ࡂฦ࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᮇㄢᰕ࡚ᚋࡼࡿࡒሒ♟ࡌ㝀ࡽ࡚ࡢ㸡◂✪⤊㈕ࡢපⓏ㈀″࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡢ㒂ฦⓏ࡞ࡊ࠾ᣈฝࡈࡿ ࡙࠽ࡼࡍ㸡࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ⤊㈕ࡡ㒼ฦ᪁㔢࡞ࡢ㟸ᖏ࡞ኬࡀࡣࡼࡗࡀࡲࡼࡿ㸡EU ࢅྱࡳපⓏ ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭スᏽࡌࡾโ㝀࡞ࡵᕞྎࡈࡿࡾ≟Ἓ࡞࠵ࡾࠊᮇㄢᰕࡡࢦࣤࣈ࡛ࣜࡖࡒኬᏕ࡚ࡢ㸡 ኬᏕࡡ࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ⤊㈕ࢅ㈝࠹ࡒࡴࡡ◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㈠㔘ࡢ 0㸚࠾ࡼ 20㸚ࡱ࡚ฦᩋࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡵ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㛣㈕ࡡࡻ࠹ᇱ♇࡞ᚉࡖ࡙ゝ⟤ࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡿᐁ㝷ࡡࢤࢪࢹᵋ㏸࡛࠷࠾࡞ 㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾ࡢ᪺☔࡚࠷ࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊ 7 OECD-IMHE ࡡ HEFCE ࣤࢡࣚࣤࢺࡡሒ࿈᭡㸝2003 ᖳ㸞㸡࠽ࡻࡦ⏐Ꮥ༝ྜྷ࡞㛭ࡌࡾࣛࢲࣔ ࣭ࢺ࣬ࣚࣤࣁ࣭ࢹሒ࿈㸝2003 ᖳ 12 ᭮㸞 ኣࡂࡡኬᏕࡢ㊂≟Ἓࢅヾㆉࡊ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ᶭ㛭ධమࡡ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࣬ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡ⥪ྙⓏᨭၻ 㸝ࡱࡒࡢᑙථ㸞ࡡ୯࡚㸡࢛࣭ࣁ࣭ࣉࢴࢺ⤊㈕ࡡ⠂ᅑ࡛ぞᶅࡡぜ├ࡊࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡⅤ࡚ࡡ≁ ᏽࡡࣂࢰ࣭ࣤࡢぜࡼࡿ࠷ࠊ ◂✪ࢅ୯ᚨ࡛ࡌࡾࣆࣚࣤࢪࡡ᭯ງኬᏕ࡚࠵ࡽᅗࡡさ◂✪⤄⧂࡛ᐠࡗࡽ ࢅᣚࡗࣝࣤࢽኬᏕୌ㒂ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢ㸡ฦᯊⓏఌゝࢅᑙථࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡽ㸡⮤ࡼࡡࢤ ࢪࢹ࣬ࣝ࣊ࣜࢅᢍᥩࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡㢫ᐂࡷ㈠㔘㒼ฦᶭ㛭ࡡࢰࣈ࡛ᢙ⾢࡞ᇱࡘࡂ㌶㔘 㢘スᏽโᗐࢅ㐲⏕ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝௺ᴏዉ⣑࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ 100㸚㸡さපⓏ◂✪ࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࡛ ࡡཱིࡽỬࡴ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢᙆງⓏ࡞スᏽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸞 ࠊ Ḛᕗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ⩻࠻ࡾ࡛㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ々㞟ၡ㢗࡞ᑊฌࡊḚᕗ◂✪ᅥࢅᠺຉࡈࡎࡾ࡞ࡢ㸡භ㏳ࡡ ណࡡᏽ⩇㸡ࡌࢂࡔභ㏳ࡡᑍ㛓⏕ㄊỬᏽⓏ࡞㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ EURAB㸝European Research Advisory Board㸞8ࡢ᭩㎾㸡ࢤࢪࢹࢅᏰධ࡞㏩᪺ࡊ㸡◂✪࡞ᑊ ࡌࡾఌゝࢨࢪࢷ࣑ୌ⯙࡞ུࡄථࡿࡼࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳᚪさᛮࢅ࿈ࡊࡒࠊࡱࡒ㸡࢙࣭ࣛࢩࣖ ఌ㆗㸝2004 ᖳ 4 ᭮㸞࡞࠽࠷࡙ኣᵕࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭࠾ࡼᙁࡂᘿࡈࡿࡒⅤࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂ ✪ࡡᣚ⤾ྊ⬗ᛮ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ࢤࢪࢹណㆉ࡛ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࢅᑙථࡊ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲࠾ࡼࡡ⌦よࢅ⋋ᚋ ࡌࡾ⬗ງ࡛ᨳⓏᡥ⭆࡞ኬࡀࡂ౪Ꮛࡊ࡙࠷ࡾୌ᪁㸡≁࡞පⓏ㒂㛓ฝࡈࡿࡒ▩ㆉ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙༎ฦ 㔘㢘ࢅᨥᡮ࠹ࡆ࡛ࡡ㔔さࡈ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔࢲ࢘ ࢤභ ᅗ࣏࣬ ࢦࣛࢠ ኬᏕ ࡡ㈠㔘㒼 ฦࠕ ࣏ࢦࣛࢠኬᏕࡢᏕ⏍ 26,000 ெ㸡9 Ꮥ㒂ࢅ᭯ࡌࡾ⥪ྙኬᏕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷኬᏕࡢ㸡ࣤࣆࣚ ࢅᨭၻࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㊂୩ࡲࡡࡐࢀࡖࡒ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡ࡡὩິࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ࡆࡿࡱ࡚࡞㸡Ḛᕗ◂ ✪㛜Ⓠ㖗⾔㸝EBRD㸞࡛ Phare ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࠾ࡼࡡአ㒂㈠㔘࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡᩺ࡊ࠷⮤↓⛁Ꮥ࣬ ༈Ꮥ࢞ࣔࣤࣂࢪࡡᘋスࢅᐁ⌟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷⎌ሾࡢ㸡㈻ࡡ㧏࠷ࢪࢰࢴࣆ࡛༡ኃㄚ ⛤Ꮥ⏍ࢅ⋋ᚋ࡚ࡀࡾ࡛ᙽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ྜྷኬᏕࡢ⌟ᅹࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ㸡ࢹࢴࣈࢱࣤࡡ◂✪᪁㔢ࢅ⏕࠷࡙࠽ࡼࡍ㸡ฦᶊࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ ࡛◂✪࡞㐲ࡊࡒ⎌ሾషࡽࢅ㔔っࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪ࡡᇱᮇ⟤ࡢ࠷ࠊᨳᗋ࠾ࡼ㒼ฦࡈࡿࡾ ⟤ࡡ࠹ࡔ㸡◂✪࡞ྡྷࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢ 4㸚࡞㐛ࡁ࠷ࠊᇱ♇◂✪࡛ᚺ⏕◂✪ࡡ㈠㔘ࡢ㸡 ◂✪⩽ெ㸡ࢲ࣭࣑㸡Ꮥ㒂├⏞ㄫࡌࡾᨳᗋࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙౩⤝ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊྜྷ ኬᏕࡢ㸡᩺࢞ࣔࣤࣂࢪᘋス࡚ᠺຉࡊࡒ㈠㔘ㄢ㐡◂✪㟻࡚ࡵᐁ⌟ࡈࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᙽࡊ࡙ ࠽ࡽ㸡ࡱࡒ㸡ᅗහአ࡞࠽࠷࡙❿ணⓏ㈠㔘⋋ᚋࡡᶭఌቌ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ᭻ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ 8 EURABࠖEU ࡡኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ◂✪Ὡິࡡᑑᮮ࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅ࠻ࡾၡ㢗Ⅴࠗ2002 ᖳࠊ 4㸣 ࢿ࣊ ࣭ࢨࣘ ࣤ㸯㔔 さὩ ິ̿̿ ᑛ࠷ ㈠㔘 ̿̿இࡊ ࠷ࢿ ࣭࣊ࢨ ࣘࣤࡡ ᩝ ᮇㄢᰕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㈠㔘࡛࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡4 ࡗࡡഁ 㟻࡞ࡗ࠷࡙▩ぜᚋࡼࡿࡒࠊࡌࢂࡔ㸡Ὡິࢰࣈ㸡㈠㔘㒼ฦ㸡ᩝ㸡⌦ᛍ࣬ᡋ␆࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 4㸣a㸣ࡌ࡙ ࡡኬᏕ ࡚ࢿ ࣭࣊ࢨ ࣘࣤὩ ິ⾔ ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾ㸡ኣ ࡂࡢ౪ ↓࡛ࡊ ࡙モ⾔ 㘊ㄏ ࡡิⓆ ᒈṹ㝭 ࡞࠵ࡽ 㸡ୌ㒂 ࡚㟸ᖏ ࡞ຝᯕ Ⓩ ᨳ➿ᑙ ථࡈࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾ ࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ㸡⌟≟ࡢࡣࡼࡗࡀᴗࡴ࡙ኬࡀ࠷ࠊࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᙲࢅ⤣ྙࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹㟻࡚ࢅ ኬࡀࡂ࣭ࣛࢺࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢ࢟ࣛࢪ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ࢟ࣛࢪ࡚ࡢ㸡▩ㆉࡡၛᴏ࡛ᢇ⾙⛛㌹ ࡡ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹᙁງ࡞ᨥᥴࡈࡿ㸡༎ฦ࡞Ⓠᒈࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ࡒࡓࡊ㸡⏐ᴏ⏲ࡡ㛭ࡢྜྷᅗ࡚ࡵ࠾ ࡽᑛ࠷㸞ࠊ▩ㆉ࣬ᢇ⾙⛛㌹ᑻࡊࡣࡊࡣ࢟ࣛࢪࡡኬᏕ࡞┞ᙔ㢘ࡡථࢅ⏍ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ ኬᏕ࡚ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ 3 ࡗࡡ⌦⏜ࡢ௧ୖࡡ࡛࠽ࡽ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᆀᇡ㛜Ⓠ ♣ఌⓏ࣬⛁ᏕⓏᙁ ၛᴏⓏᠺຉ㸤ථฝ ࢟ࣛࢪ࡚ࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞㸡᭩ᚃࡡ⌦⏜ࡡḚᕗᅗࡻࡽ㔔ささ⣪࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᅗ࡚ࡢࡱ ࡓࡆࡿᡋ␆Ⓩ┘ᵾࡡ 1 ࡗ࡞ࡖ࡙ࡈ࠻࠷࠷ࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊ➱⩽ࡼ㈻ၡࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ࡛ࢆࡡ ኬᏕ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ࣬ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡢ㸡ᆀ᪁ᨳᗋࡡᨥᥴࢅᚋࡼᆀᇡࡡࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭ ࡞㈁⊡ࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡ࡱࡒࡢⱕ࠷◂✪⩽⮤ฦࡡ⩻࠻ࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎࡾㄇᅄࢅషࡽฝࡌࡒࡴ࡞㸡⏍⛁Ꮥ ฦ㔕ࡷᢇ⾙ฦ㔕᥆㐅ࡌࡾࢼࢴࢲὩິ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ఎ⤣ⓏኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾࡆ࠹ࡊࡒὩິࡡኣࡂࡢ౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙㸡㥉Ⓩモ⾔㘊ㄏࡡṹ㝭࡞ ࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡡ⌦⏜ࡡୌ㒂ࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞㸡ࡊࡣࡊࡣ▩Ⓩᡜ᭯ᶊ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ≟Ἓ᪺☔࡚㨡ງ࡞Ḗࡄࡾࡆ ࡛㸡Ḛᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ≁セโᗐ࠷ࡆ࡛㸡ิᨥᥴ㈠㔘ゝ⏤ࡷ࣊ࣤࢲ࣭ࣔ㈠ᮇฺ⏕࡚ࡀ࠷࡛ ኣࡂࡡெࠍ࡞វࡋࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾ9ࠊ ኬᏕ࡛⏐ᴏ⏲ࡡࠔ㈈௴࠵ࡾ༝ງࡡḚᕗ࢝ࢺࣚࣤࠕࢅᏽࡴࡾභྜྷࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ප 9 ProTon㸡EIRMA㸤EUA㸤EARMA ሒ࿈᭡㸝2004 ᖳ㸞ࢅཤ↯ࠊ Ⓩ◂✪ᶭ㛭࣬ኬᏕ㏻┍㸝ProTon㸞࡛㏻ᦘࡌࡾධḚᢇ⾙⛛㌹㒂ᑻࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠ⾔ࡖࡒᥞゕ㸡ᮇ ㄢᰕࡡ୯࡚⾪᪺ࡈࡿࡒኣࡂࡡぜよࢅ᭯─ᙟ࡚さ⣑ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡗࡱࡽ㸡 ࠔḚᕗ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ≁セโᗐࡡ 々㞟ࡈ࡛㈕⏕ࡢ㸡⡷ᅗࡡ≁セโᗐ࡞Ẓ࡙ኬᏕࢅᇱ┑࡛ࡌࡾⓆ᪺࡞㛭ࡊ࡙ࡢࡾ࠾࡞㐲วᛮࢅḖ࠷ ࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡පⓏ◂✪࡞ࡻࡾࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ㝸ᐐ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊḚᕗࡡโᗐ࡞ࡢ㸡ᨥᡮ⊨ 㛣㸡௫≁セࢨࢪࢷ࣑㸡ୌ㒂⤽⤾ࢨࢪࢷ࣑㸝CIP㸞ࡂ㸡⡷ᅗࡡరಶࡵ㈕⏕࠾࠾ࡾࡡ࡚࠵ ࡾࠊProTon Ḛᕗࡢ㸡පⓏ◂✪࠾ࡼ≁セᶊࢅཱིᚋ࡚ࡀࡾⓆ᪺⏍ࡲฝࡈࡿࡾ㔖⡷ᅗࡻࡽࡍࡖ࡛ ᑛ࠷ࡡࡢࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᕣ␏ኬࡀ⌦⏜࡚࠵ࡾ࡛☔ಘࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊୠ⏲࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡㄢᩒၡ㢗⥥᛬ࡡ ၡ㢗࡛ࡊ࡙よỬࡈࡿࡾᚪさ࠵ࡾࠊࠕ ࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡᡋ␆㸡ᵋ㏸㸡ᡥṹࡡ㡨నࡄࢅịࡴࡼࡿࡒኬᏕ 㸡౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ࡡභྜྷࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅඁ୕న࡞న⨠ࡘࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࡡࡢណአࡆ࡛࡚ࡢ ࠷ࠊ࠾ࡽ㞫ࡿ࡙ࡐࡿ࡞⤾ࡂࡡ㸡ᢇ⾙⛛㌹㒂ᑻ㸡㈠㔘㒼ฦ᪁㔢㸡ࢪࣅ࢛ࣤࣆ㸝ୌ㒂㒂㛓ࡡ≺❟㸞 ࡞㛭ࡌࡾ᪁㔢࡚࠵ࡾ㸝ୖᅒࢅཤ↯㸞ࠊ ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳኬᏕ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㔔さၡ㢗ࡢ㸡 㸝ϸ㸞᩺ࡊ࠷▩ㆉࡡㆉื࠾ࡼ≁セ࡛ ၛᴏࡡ㐲วࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭᥀ࡊࡱ࡚㸡 ࠔࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ౮ೋࡡ㏻㙈ࠕࢅᏕහ࡞⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡡ࠾㸝ࡒ ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡ࣇࣛࣖࢴࢬࣜ⮤⏜ኬᏕࡢࡆࡡᡥἪ࡞ን᭞ࡊࡒ㸡㝼ࡌࡾ࣭ࣜࣁࣤ࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢠኬᏕࡢࢮ ࣂࣜࢷࢴࢠ࡛࠷࠹ఌ♣ࢅ⮾ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡฦ㔕࡚ᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸞㸡㸝Ϲ㸞ኬᏕ࡛㏻ ᦘࡌࡾืࡡ⤄⧂ࢅషࡾࡡ࠾㸝࢙ࢩࣤࣁࣚኬᏕࡡౚࢅཤ↯㸞 㸡ࡐࡿ࡛ࡵ㸝Ϻ㸞ࣈࣞࢬࢪࢅአ㒂ࡡࣂ ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭࡞Ᏸධ࡞ጟォࡌࡾࡡ࠾㸝ࢨ࢙ࢻኬᏕ㸞࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊᙔ↓ࡼ㸡ࡐࡡỬᏽࡢ㸡ᅗ ࡡἪโࡡ≟Ἓ㸡ࡈࡼ࡞ἪⓏ⎌ሾࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ࣊ࣤࢲ࣭ࣔࢅࡡ⛤ᗐᨥᥴࡌࡾ࠾࡞ኬࡀࡂ౪ Ꮛࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 4㸣b㸣ࢿ࣊ ࣭ࢨࣘ ࣤὩິ ࡡ㈠㔘 ࡢୌ⯙ ࡞₮Ἁ ࡚ࡢࡂ㸡ࡆࡡὩ ິ࡞㒼 ฦࡈࡿ ࡾࡡࡢ ኬᏕ ⟤ࡡ࠹ ࡔ㟸ᖏ ࡞㝀ࡼ ࡿࡒ㢘 ࡓࡄ࡚ ࠵ࡾ ᳠ゞࡊࡒౚࡡ࡛ࢆ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ㸡⿿ဗࡷࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡡ⛛㌹㸡࠽ࡻࡦၛᴏ ㈠㔘ࡢ㸡ิṹ㝭࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡢኬᏕ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᥞ౩ࡈࡿ㸡ࡐࡡᚃࡢᆀඔࡷᆀᇡࡡපභᅆమ࡛ࡡ༝ງ࡞ ࡻࡖ࡙ᥞ౩ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⤎ᯕⓏ࡞ࢦ࢙ࣤࢪࣂ࣭ࢠ㸝❻⛁Ꮥ㞗୯ᆀᇡ㸞షࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛ࡵᑛ ࡂ࠷㸡ࡐࡡᠺຉࡡ⛤ᗐࡢࡈࡱࡉࡱ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ᢖ㈠ᴏ࡚ࡢ௺ᴏࡷ⏐ᴏ⏲ࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ ࣭࡞ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢኣࡂ࠷ࠊࡐࡿࡢ㸡୯ᑚ௺ᴏ࡛ኬᏕࡡࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢢ࣭ࢨࣘࣤḖࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ㸡ࡱ ࡒࡢ௺ᴏࡡഁࣛࢪࢠࢅᅂ㑂ࡊࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞㸡ิ㈠ᮇ࣬࣊ࣤࢲ࣭ࣔ㈠ᮇฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾ࠾࠹࠾୯ᚨⓏၡ㢗࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ࡆࡡฦ㔕 ࡚ࡡࡌࡣࡷࡂࢱࢻ࣐ࢴࢠⓆᒈࢅጄࡅࡾኬࡀ㝸ᐐ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ࡲࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊୌ㒂ࡡኬ Ꮥࡢ㸡ᆀඔࡡ㖗⾔ࣛࢪࢠࢅ᎒࠹ࡆ࡛ࡵ㔔ኬ㝸ᐐ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛㏑࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 4㸣c㸣 ࢿ࣭࣊ ࢨࣘࣤ ࡡᩝ ࡢᢇ⾙ ⣌ኬᏕ ࡚ງ ᙁࡂⓆᒈ ࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾ̿̿ ఎ⤣ኬ Ꮥ࡚ࡢ ᩝࡡ ୯ᰶⓏ㒂 ฦ࡞ ࡖ࡙࠷ ࠷ ᮇㄢᰕࡡ⤎ᯕࡢ㸡ࠔఎ⤣ࠕኬᏕ࡛ᢇ⾙⣌ኬᏕࡡ㛣࡞᪺☔༇ฦᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ᢇ⾙⣌ኬᏕࡢ㸡ࡐࡡ≁ᛮ࠾ࡼ㸡௺ᴏ࡛ᐠ༝ງ㛭౿ࢅᣚࡔ㸡࠹ࡱࡂ⤄⧂ࡈࡿࡒᢇ⾙⛛㌹ຸ ᑻࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙◂✪ᠺᯕࢅᚺ⏕࡞⛛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡐ࠹ࡊࡒኬᏕࡢ㸡ᘤ⏕ᩐࡷฝ∟∸࡛࠷ࡖࡒཿⓏ ᇱ‵࡚◂✪ᴏ⦴ࢅࠔッ᪺ࡌࡾࠕ㟻࡚㞬ࡊࡈࢅវࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡ࡈࡱࡉࡱᏕၡ㡷ᇡ࡚ࡍࡖ࡛ ࡂ᰷࠷ࡒࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᩝࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ୌ⯙࡞㸡ࢪࣅ࢛ࣤࣆࡷ≁セ࡛࠷ࡖࡒ▩ㆉࡡ 㸝⛛㌹࡛࠷࠹ࡻࡽ㸞ᚘ⎌࡞࠽࠷࡙ᇻᐁᐁ⦴ࢅ୕ࡅ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ௺ᴏ㈠㔘ࡵኣࡂ㸡ᆀᇡ࡞ࡊࡖ࠾ࡽ࡛ ᰷ࡉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠷ࠊ ୌ᪁㸡ᮇㄢᰕཱི࡚ࡽ୕ࡅࡒཿⓏ⥪ྙኬᏕࡡኣࡂ࡚ࡢ㸡ᐁ㊰Ⓩࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡᩝࡢᕝ Ꮥ㸡⮤↓⛁Ꮥ㸡⏍⛁Ꮥ࡞㝀ᏽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ኣࡂ㸡ᶭ㛭ධమ࡞࠽࠷࡙⤣ྙࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡊ ࠾ࡊゕ࠹ࡱ࡚ࡵࡂ㸡ࡆࡿࡢ㝀ᏽⓏࢦࣤࣈࣜࡡふᐳ⤎ᯕ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ୌ⯙ⓏἪ์࡛ࡊ࡙㐛࡞よ㔐 ࡈࡿࡾࡀ࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊ 4㸣 d㸣 ኣࡂࡡ 㧏➴ᩅ ⫩ᶭ㛭 ࡢࢿ ࣭࣊ࢨ ࣘࣤࡡ ⌦ᛍࢅᣚ ࡒ࠷ ࡻ࠹࡞ ᛦࢂࡿ ࡾ ௧୕ࡡⅤࢅ⩻࠻ྙࢂࡎࡾ࡛㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ᪁㔢࡞ࡗ࠷࡙᪺☔┘ᵾࢅᣚࡖ ࡙࠷࠷࡛࠷࠹༰㇗ࢅུࡄࡾࡆ࡛ኣ࠾ࡖࡒࡡࡢ㦣ࡂࡀࡆ࡛࡚ࡢ࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆࡡ༰㇗࡞ࡵ ን㉫ࡀ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ኣࡂࡡᅗ࡚▩Ⓩᡜ᭯ᶊ◂✪⩽ெ࠾ࡼ◂✪ᶭ㛭࡛⛛ິࡊࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡿ ࡢኬᏕᶭ㛭ධమ࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤᡋ␆ࢅᣚࡗᚪさᛮࢅಀࡌࡆ࡛࡞ࢀ࠹ࠊ❿ண࣭࡛ࣜࣜ ⾔ິぞ⠂ࡡ☔❟࡛㸡ᙽࡈࡿࡾᴏ⦴ࡡᏽᘟࢅᅒࡾᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⌟ᅹࡡ࡛ࡆࢀ㸡ኬᏕࡡฦᶊⓏᩝ ࡡ୯࡚㸡ࡐࡿࡢᵾ‵࡚ࡢࡂౚአ࡚࠵ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ ⤎ᯕ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡࢟ࣛࢪࢅ㝎ࡂ࡛㸡ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࡡᐁ⦴㸡ᴏ⦴┘ᵾ㸡ᢖ㈠ฺ─ࡡッᣈ ࡛ࢆぜࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢ㸡࠷࠾ࡾࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞ࡎࡻࢸ࣭ࢰ୕ࡖ࡙ࡂࡾ࡞ࡢᑠ᪡࡚࠵ ࡖࡒࡆ࡛࡛㸡ࡐࡵࡐࡵࢸ࣭ࢰ㞗ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࠾ࡖࡒࡆ࡛ཋᅄ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ┘ᵾスᏽ ࡡ⮾ ࠷ ౚ㸯 RW T H ࣭ ࣉࣤᕝ ⛁ ኬᏕ ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕࡢ㸡༛ᴏ⏍ࡡ 2㸚⮤ࡼࡡఌ♣ࢅス❟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘ᵾ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡡᏽフ࠵ࡾᢇ⾙⛛㌹࣬◂✪㈠㔘ᑻ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡈ࠻㸡ࡐࡡ⟮⌦⩽ࡢᏕ㒂 ࡡ࣒ࣤࣁ࣭᥆㐅ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾአ㒂࡛ࡡりࡷὩິࢅᚪࡍࡊࡵࡌ࡙ᢍᥩࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࢂࡄ࡚ ࡢ࠷ࠊࡱࡒ㸡᭩⤂Ⓩ⤎ᯕ▩ㆉࡡᚘ⎌ࢅᙁࡌࡾ㝀ࡽ㸡ࡐࡿࢅᢍᥩࡌࡾᚪさࡵ࠷ ࡛ᙴࡼࡢᘿࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔ࢙ࢩ ࣤࣁࣚ ኬᏕ࡛ ࢙ࢩࣤ ࣁࣚ ◂✪࣬ ࢿ࣭࣊ ࢨࣘࣤ 㸝ER I㸞 ຸ ᑻࠕ ࢙ࢩࣤࣁࣚኬᏕࡢ㸡㔔ᨥᥴమโ࡞ᇱࡘࡂ࢟ࣛࢪ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡୌ㒂࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 㧏➴ᩅ⫩㈀ᨳ࢜ࣤࢨ࢙ࣜ̿̿ࢩࣤࣁࣚࡡሔྙ࡞ࡢࢪࢤࢴࢹࣚࣤࢺ㧏➴ᩅ⫩㈀ᨳ࢜ࣤ ࢨࣜ㸝SHEFC㸞̿̿㸡◂✪⩽ࡡ⤝㸡᪃ス㸡ࢤࣤࣅ࣭ࣖࢰスങࡡ㈕⏕ࢅㇿᢰࡊ㸡◂ ✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜ◂✪ࣤࣆࣚࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾ㈠㔘ࢅᥞ౩ࡊ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤᇱ㔘 㸝HEIF㸞㈀ᨳ࢜ࣤࢨ࡛ࣜ⛁Ꮥᢇ⾙ᖿ㸝OST㸞࡛ࡡභྜྷ࡚ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ࠽ࡻࡦ⏐ ᴏ⏲࣬ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢷ࡛ࡡ㏻ᦘࡡ㈠㔘ࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ┘ୖ㸡㔔ᨥᥴࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡぜ├ࡊ ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ᭩୯࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢙ࢩࣤࣁࣚኬᏕࡡᡋ␆ゝ⏤࡞ࡢ㸡 ࠔපභࡡฺ─ࠕ࡛ࠔᕰሔࡡ⟮⌦⩽㸝market operator㸞ࠕ ࡛࠷࠹㔔ࡡᙲ᪺♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ5 ᖳ㛣ࡡゝ⏤オࡈࡿࡒࡆࡡᡋ␆ゝ⏤ࡢ㸡Ẏᖳ᭞ ᩺ࡈࡿࡾࠊ㈀ᨳⓏᣚ⤾ྊ⬗ᛮ࡛⤄⧂ࡡ─ᛮࡢ㸡༜㉲ᛮ࡛㈻ࡡ㧏ࡈࢅ㏛ịࡌࡾࠔ㏳ᖏ ࡡࠕኬᏕࡡ┘ᵾ࡛ࡊ࡙ㄕ᪺ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ◂✪ࡡ༜㉲ᛮ࡛࠷࠹┘ᵾࡡ㏛ị࡞࠽࠷࡙┘ᣞࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡡୌࡗࡢࠔ◂✪Ὡິࡡࣆ ࣜࢤࢪࢹࢪ࣎ࣤࢦ࣭࠾ࡼᅂᚗࡈࡿࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࠕ࡚࠵ࡾ㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡢ௧ୖࡡࡻ࠹ ࡞㟸ᖏ࡞᪺☔࡞ࡐࡡ┘ᵾࢅオࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࠔၛᴏ࡛▩ㆉ⛛㌹ࡢ♣ఌⓏ㸡⤊ῥⓏฺ─ࢅ⏍ ࡲฝࡌࡒࡴ࡞㸡⏐ᴏ⏲ࡷࡐࡡࡡአ㒂⤄⧂࡞ࡻࡾ⛁Ꮥᢇ⾙㸡◂✪㸡ᑍ㛓▩ㆉࡡ⏕ࢅቌ ኬࡈࡎ㸡ྜྷ࡞◂✪࡛ᩅ⫩ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞ථࢅ⏍ࡲฝࡌࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࠕᶭ⬗ࡌࡾࠊ ࠔࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡 ࣚࢬࣤࢪ౩࡛ࢪࣅࣤࢹࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙ᢇ⾙⛛㌹࡛◂✪ฺ⏕ࢅቌኬࡈࡎ㸡 ᆀ᪁⤊ῥ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ◂✪ࡡᙫ㡢ࢅ᭩㐲ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ຝᯕⓏ࡞◂✪ᇱ┑ࢅၛᴏࡌ ࡾࠊ ࠕ ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ┘ᵾࢅ㐡ᠺࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡢ㸡◂✪ࡡᨥᥴࢅ⾔࠷ၛᴏὩິࡡ✾ཾ࡛ࡾ࢙ ࢩࣤࣁࣚ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨຸࣘࣤᑻ㸝ERI㸞ࢅス❟ࡊࡒࠊࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ㸡ኬᏕࢪࢰࢴࣆ ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡㈠㔘ᥞ౩๑ࡡᨥᥴ࠾ࡼၛᴏࡱ࡚ኣᵕࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅᥞ౩ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡◂✪ ᠺᯕࡡᬉཀྵಀ㐅࡛ၛᴏࢅ⾔ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡භྜྷ◂✪࡞ࡻࡾᢇ⾙ࡡࣚࢬࣤࢪ౩࡛ࢤࣤࢦ ࣜࢷࣤࢡࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙⏐ᴏ⏲࡛ࡡ㏻ᦘࢅᒈ㛜ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ERI ࡢ≺⮤ࡡᖳḗゝ⏤࡛ሒ࿈᭡ࢅᣚࡗ≺❟ࡊࡒ⤄⧂࡛ࡊ࡙㐘ႜࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ⫃ဤᩐ 53 ྞࡡࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ㸡ᅗහࡓࡄ࡚ࡂḚᕗධమ࡚ࡲ࡙ࡵ㸡᭩ኬࡡ◂✪࣬ᢇ⾙⛛㌹㒂ᑻࡡୌࡗ ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡⟤ࡢᖳ㛣 260 ࣎ࣤࢺ㸝390 ࣭ࣗࣞ㸞࡞୕ࡾࠊၛᴏⓏὩິ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᆀᇡࡡ ⤊ῥฺ─⏍ࡲฝࡈࡿ㸡♣ఌⓏ࣬Ꮥ⾙Ⓩᙁぜ㎲ࡱࡿࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ၛᴏⓏふⅤ ࡡ┘ᵾࡻࡽࡵඁࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊERI ࡢࢤࣤࢦࣜࢷࣤࢡ㸡࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹᩩ㸝ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠ ࢹ㸞 㸡≁セᶊ⏕ᩩ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙┞ᙔࡡථࢅᚋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊୌࡗࡡ≁セᠺຉࡌࡾ࡛㸡≁セᶊ ⏕ᩩࡢ㟸ᖏ࡞ኬࡀ㢘࡞୕ࡾࡆ࡛࠵ࡾ㸝᭩㎾㸡࠵ࡾ≁セ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ 3,700 ࣎ࣤࢺࡡ ථᚋࡼࡿࡒ㸞ࠊ≁セᶊ⏕ᩩࡢ㸡ERI ࡞ 30㸚㸡ࡐࡡࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࢅฝࡊࡒᏕ⛁࡞ 35㸚㸡ᙔル◂✪⩽࡞ 35㸚ࡡẒ⋙࡚ฦ㒼ࡈࡿࡾࠊERI ᚋࡒฺ─ࡢኬᏕ࡞㑇ඔࡈࡿࡾࠊ Ḛᕗኬ㝛ࡡኣࡂࡡྜྷᵕࡡຸᑻ࡛ࡢ␏ࡽ㸡ERI ࡚ࡢ᪺☔ᴏ⦴ᇱ‵ᏽࡴࡼࡿ㸡᳠ ᰕ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ さᴏ⦴ᣞᵾࡢ㸡◂✪㈳ࡡུ㈳ᩐ㸡ᠺᯕⓆ⾪ࡡᩐ࡛ࡐࡡၛᴏ࡚࠵ࡾࠊERI ࡢẎ᭮㸡 ࣚࢬࣤࢪ࡛≁セࡡᩐ㸡ス❟ࡈࡿࡒఌ♣ࡡᩐ㸝ᖲᆍࡊ࡙᭮࡞ 1 ♣㸞㸡Ⓠ⏍ࡊࡒ≁セᶊ ⏕ᩩࢅ☔ヾࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ERI ഼࡚ࡂெࠍࡡゥ⦆ࡢ࡞ࢅ㏳ࡋ࡙⾔ࢂࡿࡾ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ࠽ࡻࡦ࣒ࣛ࢜ࡡㅦ ᗑ࡞ฝᖆࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࠵ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡⛁Ꮥ࣬ᕝᏕࡡ༛ᴏ⏍㸡ኬᏕහࡡࣁ࣭ࢲࣔࣜᩅ⫩ ⤄⧂࡚࠵ࡾࢪࢤࢴࢹࣚࣤࢺ㉫ᴏᐓ༝ఌ㸝Scottish Institute for Entrepreneurship㸞ࢅ㏳ ࡊ࡙㉫ᴏࡡゥ⦆ࢅུࡄ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡౚ࠾ࡼ㸡ᚃ㸡࡛ࡊ࡙◂✪୯ᚨࡡ᭯ງኬᏕ࡚㸡㐲ว࡞ᶭ⬗ࡌࡾᢇ⾙⛛㌹ᑻ㔔 さᙲࢅᯕࡒࡊ࡙࠷ࡂࡓࢀ࠹࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㔔さࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ 㛭ᙔル㒂ᑻࡡ᪺☔┘ᵾࢅᏽࡴ㸡ࡐࡿࡼ㈀ᨳⓆᒈࢅ┘ᵾ࡛ࡊࡒ㛏Ⓩᢖ㈠࡚ ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅヾㆉࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 5㸣 ◂✪࡛ ࢿ࣊ ࣭ࢨࣘ ࣤࡡ࣏ ࢾࢩ࣒ ࣤࢹ㸯 ᑍ㛓 ࡡᚪさ ᛮ 㛏Ⓩ࡞㈻ࡡ㧏࠷◂✪Ὡິࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࢤࢪࢹฦᯊ࡛࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࢅ᪺☔ ࡊࡄࡿࡣࡼ࠷࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ㈀ຸ⟮⌦ࡡධ⯙Ⓩᨭ㠁ࡡྊỬࡡ㒂ฦ࡛ࡊ ࡙ᙁㄢࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙Ὡິࡡ㏩᪺ᛮ࡛ຝ⋙ࢅ㧏ࡴࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ㈀ຸ⟮⌦ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࡡ࠾࡞㸡ࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕ࡚㸡◂✪⩽ࡷ㛭㏻ࡌࡾຸࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡᑍ㛓 Ⓩᨥᥴ࡛ゥ⦆ࡡᚪさᛮ⾪᪺ࡈࡿࡒࠊ 5㸣 a㸣࣏ࢾ ࢩ࣒ࣤ ࢹᨥᥴ ❿ணⓏ㈠㔘ࡡ⏞ㄫࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙➠⩽㈠㔘ࡡ㢘╌ᐁ࡞ቌ࠻࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ㸡ୌ㏻ࡡࢪ࡛࢞ࣜࢦ ࣭ࣄࢪࡡᚪさᛮ⏍ࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡒ࡛࠻ࡣ㸡◂✪⬗ງࡡ✒ᴗⓏ࣏࣭ࢢࢷࣤࢡ㸡ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢢ࣭ࢨࣘ ࡛ࣤஹῦࡡࢪ࢞ࣜ㸡 㸝ᅗ㝷Ⓩ㸞ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ㸡㏻⤙ࡡ௯㸡ἪⓏ▩ㆉ㸡㈀ຸ⟮⌦ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ≁࡞㸡ኬぞᶅᅗ㝷ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅᠺຉࡈࡎࡾ࡞ࡢࡆࡿࡼࡡࢪ࢞ࣜྊḖ࡚࠵ࡾ㸡 ༎ฦゥ⦆⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠽ࡼࡍ㸡ࡐࡡ⤎ᯕ㸡ຝᯕⓏ࡚࠷࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹཋᅄ࡚ኣࡂࡡ㛣࡛⟤ ↋㥇࡞㈕ࡷࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡛ࢆࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕ㸡◂✪࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࡡࡆ࠹ࡊࡒഁ㟻ࡡᑊᚺቌኬࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡 ◂✪⩽ࡡࠔ୯ᚨⓏࠕὩິ࡚࠵ࡾ◂✪࡞ᝇᙫ㡢⏍ࡋ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞⾪ࢅ᪺ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊኣࡂࡡெࠍ 㸡⛁ᏕⓏ⬗ງ༎ฦ࡞Ὡ⏕ࡈࡿࡍ㸡࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠ࢞ࣔࣛ㛜Ⓠ㐔ࡿࡾ࡛࠷࠹හᅹⓏ༱㝜 ᛮࢅᣞᦤࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ≁࡞㸡◂✪㸝scientific work㸞ࢅ๑㐅ࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࡻࡽࡵ㈠㔘ࡡ⋋ᚋ࡛ࣈࣞࢩ ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࡞ኣࡂࡡ㛣㈕ࡷࡈࡿࡾⱕᡥ◂✪⩽࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㸡༱㝜ᛮኬࡀ࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡 ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒຊⓏࢪ࢞ࣜ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡◂✪⩽ࡡ⤊㥺ᗀࡽ㸡᩺ࡊ࠷ᶭఌ㛜࠾ࡿࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡾெࠍ ࡵ࠷ࡒࠊ ᅂࡡㄢᰕ࡚ࡢ㸡ࡆ࠹ࡊࡒさị࡞ᑊᚺࡌࡾḗࡡࡗࡡ࢛ࣈࢨࣘࣤ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙㈻ၡࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ฺ⏕࡚ࡀࡾපⓏࡱࡒࡢẰ㛣ࡡ㈠㔘ᥞ౩ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡡ㐽ื࠾ࡼ㸡㐲ว⏞ㄫᨥᥴ㸡ἪⓏ࣬ᢇ⾙ Ⓩຐゕ㸡ຸⓏᨥᥴࡱ࡚㸡ኬᏕࡡ◂✪ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢷධమ࡞ࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࢅᥞ౩ࡌࡾ୯ኳ⤄⧂༟న ࡡス⨠ ᑍ㛓⫃࡛ࡊ࡙ࡡ࢞ࣔࣛࡡ᩺ࡊ࠷さị࡞ࡻࡽࡻࡂᑊᚺࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆ࡛ ຸࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡᏽⓏ◂ಞ࡛ࢪ࢞ࣜゥ⦆ࡡᐁ᪃ ࡆࡡⅤ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ□┢ࡌࡾッᣈᚋࡼࡿࡒࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ㸡ኣࡂࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ን࡛ᨭ㠁ࡡ୯ ࡞࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛♟ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࡌࢂࡔ㸡ㄢᰕᑊ㇗ࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ࠹ࡔ㸡୯ኳࡡ◂✪ຸᑻ◂✪Ὡິࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾᡥṹ ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡾᶭ㛭ࡢࢂࡍ࠾࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸡㞹リㄢᰕࢅ⾔ࡖࡒኬᏕࡡኣࡂࡢ㸡ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ⤄⧂ࢅࡌ࡚ ࡞ス⨠ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾㸡ス⨠㐅ࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛ࡆࢀ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒኬᏕࡢࡊࡣࡊࡣ㸡ᶭ㛭ධమ ࡷᏕ㒂ࡡ୯࡚ࡱࡓུࡄථࡿࡼࡿ࡙࠷࠷࡛࠷࠹ࠔิⓏࠕၡ㢗ࢅᢢ࠻࡙࠷ࡒࠊࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ⤄⧂ࡡᙲ ࡌ࡚࡞☔❟࡚ࡀ࡙࠷ࡾሔྙ࡞ࡢ㸡ࡐࡡࢦ࣭ࣄࢪࡡἸ┘࡛さị㧏ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ሒ࿈ࡈ ࡿࡒࠊ ◂✪࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࢪ࢞ࣜࡡḖዯࡢ࡛ࢆࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕ࡚ၡ㢗࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡◂✪ᨥᥴࡡඁ 㡧ࢅ㡨నࡄࡌࡾࡻ࠹࡞ịࡴࡼࡿࡾ࡛㸡 㸝ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ⟮⌦ࡡࡒࡴࡡ㸞ゥ⦆ࡢ࠷న⨠ࡘࡄ ࡊ࠾ᚋࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡿࡢ◂✪࢞ࣔࣛࡡⓆᒈࡡၡ㢗࡛ࡵ㛭㏻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢺࢵࡡࣁ࣭ࢸࣤ࣬ࣄࣖࣜࢷࣤ࣊ࣜࢠᕗ࡞࠵ࡾࣀࢸࣜ࣊ࣜࢠኬᏕࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ᭩ཿࡡኬ Ꮥࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ࡱࡒࢺࢵ࡚᭩㧏ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ◂✪ᶭ㛭ࡡୌࡗ࡚࠵ࡾࠊᅗ㝷࡛❿ண̿̿ ≁࡞ྜྷᅗࡡᨳⓏࠔ㧏➴ᩅ⫩࣬◂✪㛜Ⓠ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㧏ᴏ⦴ࢼࢨࢲࣇࠕ࡞ๆ⃥ࡈࡿ࡙ ࠷ࡾ̿̿࡞㐲ᚺࡌࡾᚪさᛮ࡛ࣁ࣭ࢸࣤ࣬ࣄࣖࣜࢷࣤ࣊ࣜࢠᕗࡡᙁງᨭ㠁࡞ࡻࡖ࡙㸡ྜྷ ኬᏕ࡞࠽ࡄࡾఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞ฦᶊⓏ࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠᩝࡡ୯࡞ን㉫ࡆࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᑍ㛓⫃ဤ ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࡛࣏࣭ࢢࢷࣤࢡ࡞ᙔࡒࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸡ኬᖕ࡞ቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ➠⩽㈠ 㔘⋋ᚋࡡὩິࢅຝ⋙ࡌࡾᡋ␆ࡡ➿ᏽ㐅⾔୯࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡⤄⧂ࡡ࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷ ࢅ㧏ࡴࡾ⥪ྙⓏᨭ㠁ࡡୌ⎌࡛ࡊ࡙㸡ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࡡၡ㢗ࡡᑊᚺ㐅ࡴࡼࡿࡾᏽ࡞ ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡈࡼ࡞㸡14 Ꮥ㒂ࡐࡿࡑࡿ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࢅྡྷ୕ࡈࡎ㸡Ὡິࢅㄢᩒࡌ ࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡Ꮥ㒂࡞⟮⌦㈈௴⩽㸝managing director㸞ࢅ⨠ࡂࡆ࡛ゝ⏤ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 5㸣 b㸣㈻ಕ ッ࡛ᴏ ⦴ᣞᵾ ୌ⯙࡞㸡◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ࡞≁᭯ࡡ㈻ಕッ࡛ᴏ⦴フ౮ࡢ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊ࡛ࢆ ࣤࣈࢴࢹ㸤ࢹࣈࢴࢹࢅ㔔っࡊ㸡ࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡞ࡢ┘ྡྷࡄࡼࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࡵ㸡◂✪ࡡ㐽 ᢝ࡛フ౮ࡡఎ⤣Ⓩࣈࣞࢬࢪࡢ㸡ኣᵕࡊࡒ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࡡⓆᒈࢅᚷྡྷࡊࡒࡵࡡ࡚ࡢ ࠷ࡻ࠹࡞ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ Ꮥහ࡚ࡢ㏳ᖏ㸡㈠㔘ࢅུࡄࡾ◂✪ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ㸡Ꮥහࡡ◂✪࢜ࣤࢨࣜࡷ◂✪ጟဤఌ࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙㐽ืࡈࡿࡾࠊአ㒂⟤ࢅịࡴ࡙❿ணࡌࡾ㝷࡞ࡢ㸡ᅗහࡱࡒࡢᅗ㝷Ⓩࣅࣝࣄ࣭ࣖ࣬ࢲ࣭࣑㸡 ⛁ᏕⓏහᐖ࡛㏸ᛮ㸡ୌ㈇ࡊࡒࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࣏࣬ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ㸡⏞ㄫ⩽ࡡᴏ⦴ୌの㸝ฝ∟∸㸡ᘤ⏕ ᩐ㸡ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ࡡ⟤⋋ᚋ≟Ἓ㸞ࢅᇱ‵࡞ࡊ࡙⏞ㄫ᭡ࡡᰕᏽࢅ⾔࠹ࠊ ࠷ࡖࡒࢆࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹུ⌦ࡈࡿࡾ࡛㸡◂✪Ὡິࡡ㈻ࡡ⤽⤾Ⓩ⟮⌦⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾッᣈࡢ࡛ ࢆぜࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡱࡒ㸡◂✪࠾ࡼ⏐ฝࡈࡿࡒฝ∟∸ࡷᘤ⏕ࢅ㝎ࡄࡣ㸡スᏽࡈࡿࡒ┘ᵾࡡ㐡ᠺ ࡛࠷࠹ណ࡚ࡡ᭩⤂ᠺᯕࡡ⟮⌦⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾッᣈࡵぜࡼࡿ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒ㟻࡚ࡢ㸡ᢇ⾙⣌ ኬᏕࡡ࠹ᅏ㞬≟Ἓ࡞࠵ࡾࠊࡐ࠹ࡊࡒኬᏕࡡᏕၡ㡷ᇡࡡኣࡂࡢ㸡Ꮥ⾙୕ࡡᘤ⏕ᩐࡡオ㘋ࡻࡽ ࡵࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹᐁ᪃⤎ᯕࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾ࡼ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢪࢪ࣬ ࢩࣖࢾ ࣭ࣥኬ Ꮥ ྜྷኬᏕࡢ㸡⢥ᕟᴏ⦴ᣞᵾࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࢅ༈Ꮥ㒂࠾ࡼࡡᏕ㒂㐲ᚺࡈࡎࡾషᴏ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ ࢆ࡚࠷ࡾࠊ༈Ꮥ㒂ࡡᣞᵾࡢࣄࣇ࢛࣒ࣛࢹࣛࢴࢠࢪ࡛➠⩽㈠㔘ࡓࡄ࡚ࡢࡂ㸡⏞ㄫ⩽ࡡ ᩅ⫩㟻࡚ࡡᙲࡵ⩻៎࡞ථࡿࡒࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࣝࣤࢾኬᏕ࡚ࡢ㸡◂✪࠾ࡼᩅ⫩ࡡ▩ㆉ⛛㌹㈻ࡡᇱ‵ࡡ㸦ࡗ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ኣࡂゕཀྵࡈࡿࡒࡵ࠹ୌࡗࡡ㔔さലྡྷࡢ㸡ࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ㐽ᢝᇱ‵ࡡን࡚࠵ࡾࠊ♣ఌⓏᨥ ᣚ࡛ࢤ࣐ࣖࢼࢢ࣭ࢨࣘࣤ㸡♣ఌࡷᆀᇡࡡḗඔࡱࡌࡱࡌ㔔さᇱ‵࡞ࡽࡗࡗ࠵ࡾࠊ 5㸣c 㸣ࢪ࢞ ࣜ㛜Ⓠ ㄢᰕᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒࡌ࡙ࡡኬᏕ࡚ゕཀྵࡈࡿࡒၡ㢗ࡢ㸡ᑍ㛓Ⓩ㸝ຸ㸞ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡḖዯ㸡ࡌ ࢂࡔ◂✪Ὡິࡓࡄ࡚ࡢࡂ࣏ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࡡ㟻࡚㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ᚪさ࡛ࡈࡿࡾ᩺ࡒさị࡞ᑊᚺ ࡚ࡀࡾࢪ࡛࢞ࣜ⬗ງࢅᣚࡖࡒெᮞ㊂ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊྜྷᵕࡡࡆ࡛㸡࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴ ࢠ◂✪⩽ࡡ⬗ງ࣬ࢪ࢞ࣜ㛜Ⓠ࡞ࡵ࠷࠻ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡⅤ࡚㸡⮾࠷࠽ࡐࡼࡂࡢᆵⓏ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾ□┢ᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡖࡒࠊࢪ࢞ࣜࡡゥ⦆ࡢᨭ ၻࡡࡒࡴ࡞⥥᛬࡞ᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛ヾㆉࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ㛜Ⓠ࡞㸝ᑛ㢘ࡡ㸞⟤ࢅᙔ࡙ࡒ ࡽమ⣌ⓏὩິࢅ⾔ࡖࡒࡽࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡢࢂࡍ࠾ࡊ࠾࠷ࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࢰ ࣛ ࣬ ࢨ ࢙ࢻ ኬ Ꮥ ࡢ㸡◂✪⩽ࡡࢪ࢞ࣜࢅᨭၻࡌࡾභྜྷⓏཱི⤄ࡲࡡୌ⎌࡛ࡊ࡙㸡 ࢰࣛ୯㒂࣬㒂ࡡ 9 ࡗࡡኬᏕ࡛භྜྷ࡚㸡ຸ⟮⌦࣏࣬ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹ࠽ࡻࡦࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠ ࢹ࣏࣬ࢾࢩ࣒ࣤࢹࡡ◂ಞ⤄ྙࢅス❟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ 6㸣 ெⓏ㈠ ″ࡡၡ 㢗㸯 ฺ≟ Ἓ࡞࠽ ࡄࡾ⛁ ᏕⓏ ⬗ງࡡ⫩ ᠺ ㄢᰕᑊ㇗ࡡධኬᏕ㸡㎾࠷ᑑᮮ㸡⛁ᏕⓏ⬗ງࢅቌኬࡈࡎࡾ⥥᛬ࡡᚪさᛮ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ༎ฦ࡞ヾ ㆉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᚪさᛮ⏍ࡋ࡙࠷ࡾさᅄࡢ㸡ࡻࡽ❿ணⓏ࡚Ꮥ㝷Ⓩ⎌ሾ࡞࠽࠷࡙⛁Ꮥ Ⓩ▩ㆉࡡさị᛬㏷࡞㧏ࡱࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛㸡࠽ࡻࡦ࡛ࢆࡌ࡙ࡡᅗ࡚◂✪⩽ࡡ㧏㱃㐅ࡲ㸡 ᩐᖳࡡ࠹ࡔ࡞Ꮥ⾙ᶭ㛭࠾ࡼ┞ᙔᩐࡡெࠍ㏝⫃ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ኬᏕᇱ┑ࡡ◂✪ࡡெⓏ㈠″࡛ࡐࡡ㈠㔘ࡡၡ㢗ࡢ㸡ࡆࡆ࡚ㄵࡋᑸࡂࡌࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࡈࡱࡉࡱ ഁ㟻ࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡱࡒ㸡පⓏ㒂㛓㸤ኬᏕࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡ⏕࡛⟮⌦࡞㛭ࡌࡾἪⓏ≟Ἓࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ Ḛᕗࡡᅗࡇ࡛࡞ⴥࡊࡂ␏ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡚ࡢ㸡┞ப࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾࡗࡡ㔔さၡ㢗ኣࡂࡡኬᏕ࡞භ㏳ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒࠊ ༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᏕ⏍ࢅᘤࡀࡄࡾᚪさᛮ ⱕ࠷◂✪⩽ࡡ⥌ᣚ࡛࢞ࣔࣛ๑㐅ࡡၡ㢗 6㸣 a㸣༡ኃ ㄚ⛤ࡡ Ꮥ⏍ ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡡࢦࣤࣈࣜ࠾ࡼࡢ⤣ୌⓏᵕ┞ᾃ࠾ࡦ୕ࡼ࠾ࡖࡒ㸡࡛ࢆࡡኬᏕ࡚㐛ཡ 5 ᖳ㛣࡞༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᏕ⏍ᩐቌຊࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒࠊࡱࡒ㸡◂✪ᨥᥴࡡ᪁㔢࡞࠽ࡄࡾ ඁ㡧࡛ࡊ࡙㸡༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡ◂✪㧏ࡂన⨠ࡘࡄࡼࡿࡒ㸝3 న㸞ࠊ༡ኃㄚ⛤ࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡 ኬᏕࡡ◂✪⬗ງࢅ᛬㏷࡞㧏ࡴࡾࡆ࡛ịࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗ࡚≁࡞ኬࡀ㛭ᚨ㡧࡛ࡖ࡙ ࠷ࡾࠊ ༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᏕ⏍࡞ᑊࡌࡾᅗࡡ⟤࡞ࡢḚᕗᅗ㛣࡚ኬࡀᕣ␏࠵ࡽ㸡Ḛᕗ࡛࠷࠹ḗඔࡡ༡ኃ ㄚ⛤ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࢅᨥ࠻ࡾὩິࡢ౪↓࡛ࡊ࡙࡛ࢆ⾔ࢂࡿ࡙࠷࠷ࠊEUA ࡢ㸡⌟ᅹ㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ ᩅ⫩⥪ᑻ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ᨥᥴࡈࡿࡾኬぞᶅࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅᐁ⾔ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿࡢḚᕗኬ㝛ࡡ 50 ࡡኬᏕ ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡ࢾࢴࢹ࣭࣠ࢠࣈ࣭ࣞࢲ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙༡ኃㄚ⛤ᩅ⫩ࡡࡈࡱࡉࡱഁ㟻ࢅࡴࡾࢲࣔࣤࢪࢅ ࠻ࡾࡵࡡ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡิṹ㝭ࡡ⤎ᯕ࡛ᥞゕࡢ㸡2004 ᖳ 10 ᭮࡞࣏࣭ࢪࢹࣛࣃࢹ ࡚㛜࠾ࡿࡒ EUA ఌ㆗࡚ᥞ♟ࡈࡿࡒ10ࠊ᭩⤂Ⓩ⤎ᯕࡢ 2005 ᖳ 6 ᭮࡞ሒ࿈ࡈࡿࡾᏽ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 6㸣 b㸣◂✪ ⩽ࡡ⥌ ᣚ࡛࢞ ࣔࣛ ࡡ๑㐅 OECD ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰ࡞ࡻࡾ࡛㸡Ḛᕗࡢ⡷ᅗ࡛ྜྷࡋᩐࡡ༡ኃྒཱིᚋ⩽ࢅ⏍ࡲฝࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ࡐࡡ 10 www.eua.be ࡡ EUA ఌ㆗ᩝ᭡ࢅཤ↯ࡡࡆ࡛ ⥌ᣚ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ⛁ᏕⓏࢹࣈࢴࢹࡡ⏐ฝ࡚ࡢ⡷ᅗ࡞㐔ࡿࢅཱིࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡿ࡞ࡢࡈࡱࡉࡱ⌦⏜ ࠵ࡾ㸡ࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡚☔ヾࡈࡿࡒ 1 ࡗࡡ⌦⏜ࡢ㸡᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡡ⎌ሾ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ⛤ᗐ࡞ࡢᕣ࠵ࡾ ࡵࡡࡡ㸡ୌ⯙࡞⤊ῥⓏሒ㓐ࡂ㸡ዉ⣑ࡷຘ഼᮪௲࡞ᙆງᛮࡂ㨡ງ࡞Ḗࡄࡾࠊ≁࡞⤎፡ࡊ ࡙࠷ࡾ༡ኃྒು⩽࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ࡢ഼ࡀ࡞ࡂ࠷ࠊࡱࡒ㸡࢞ࣔࣛࡡⓆᒈࡡぜ㎲ࡲ࠷ࡒࡴ㸡ࡊࡣࡊ ࡣኬᏕࡢⱕ࠷◂✪⩽࡞࡛ࡖ࡙㨡ງࡡ࠷⫃ሔ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᴗ❻ౚぜࡼࡿࡾࡡࡢ᩺ぞຊ┍ᅗ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆ࠹ࡊࡒᅗ࡚ࡢ㸡ᩅ࡚ࡵ㸝ⱕ࠷ெࡓࡄ࡚ࡢ࠷㸞ࡐࡆࡐࡆࡡ⏍Ὡࢅ⥌ᣚࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸧 ࡗࡡࢅ᤻ࡄᣚࡔࡎࡉࡾࢅᚋ࠷ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡༞Ḛ࡚ࡵ◂✪⩽ࡡ⫃ࡢᏭᏽ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ኣࡂ㸡 ௺ᴏࡷࡡ⫃ᴏ࡞⛛ࡾཋᅄ࡞ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ධమ࡛ࡊ࡙㸡 㸝ࡈࡱࡉࡱᅗ㸡ࡈࡱࡉࡱἪⓏ⎌ሾ࡞࠽ࡄࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡚㸞ዉ⣑ࡡషᠺ࡛ ࣤࢬࣤࢷࣇࡡᥞ౩࡞ࡆࡿࡱ࡚௧୕ࡡ㌶ᛮࢅịࡴࡾኇ⪲࠾ࡿࡒ㸝࡛ࢆࡡኬᏕࡢࡌ࡚࡞ᚪ さ࡞ᚺࡋ࡙࠵ࡾ⛤ᗐࡡ≺ᛮࢅⓆᥱࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ࡐࡿࡢ࠵ࡾ⛸ࡡࠔࢡ࣭ࣝ㡷ᇡࠕ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛ኣ ࠷㸞ࠊࡆࡿ࡞㛭㏻ࡊ࡙㸡ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡຽ㞗࡛ெⓏ㈠″⟮⌦࡞ࡵࡻࡽኣࡂࡡ⮤⏜ịࡴࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊᅗ ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ࡢ࠽㸡ᩅࡡ⫃ᨳᗋ┤ᖿ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙├ࡈࡿ㸡⟮⌦ࡈࡿ㸡⤝࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ ࡾࠊࡆࡡࡻ࠹ሔྙ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ࡢெⓏ㈠″ࢅ᧧షࡌࡾఴᆀᐁ㈻Ⓩ࡞ࡱࡖࡒࡂ࠷ࠊ ࢢ࣭ࢪࢪ ࢰࢸ ࠔ࢙ࢪ ࢹࢼ ࡡࢰࣜ ࢹኬ Ꮥ࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾெ ⟮⌦ ࠕ ࢰࣜࢹኬᏕࡢ࢙ࢪࢹࢼࡡさኬᏕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊḚᕗࡡ⥪ྙኬᏕࡡᵾ‵࠾ࡼࡌࡾ࡛Ẓ ㍉Ⓩぞᶅᑚࡈ࠷㸝Ꮥ⏍ᩐ 18,000 ெ㸞㸡㧏ᗐ⮤࡛ᙁງ㐘ႜᵋ㏸ࢅᇱ࡞㸡ᅗහ ࡚❿ணງࡡ㧏࠷㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡㎾࠷ᑑᮮ㸡Ḛᕗ◂✪࢙ࣛࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡵ᭯ ງᶭ㛭࡞ࡾ࡛ぜ㎲ࡱࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ࢙ࢪࢹࢼᨳᗋࡢ㸡ࢮ㏻ࣇࣞࢴࢠࡡㅎᅗ࡞ఎ⤣Ⓩ࡞ぜࡼࡿࡒ⛁Ꮥ࢜ࢸ࣐࣭࡛ኬᏕ ࡡ༇ืࢅᗣḾࡊ㸡ᇱ♇◂✪ࢅኬᏕࡡ㈈ຸ࡞⤄ࡲ㎲ࢆࡓࠊࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡵ CEE ㅎᅗࡡᵾ‵ ࡛ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ࡛࠽ࡽ㸡ᇱ♇◂✪ࡡᇱᮇ⟤ࡢ⤝ࡊ࡙࠷࠷ࠊࡐࡡࡒࡴ㸡ࢰࣜࢹኬᏕ ࡢ◂✪㈠㔘ࢅ࡛ࢆධ㟻Ⓩ࡞አ㒂ࡡ㈀″࡞㢏ࡼࡉࡾࢅᚋ࠷ࠊ ࢪࢰࢴࣆ ࡡெ ⟮⌦ ྜྷኬᏕࡢ༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᩅ⫩ࢅమ⣌Ⓩ࡞ಀ㐅ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ༡ኃㄚ⛤࡞ᅹ⡘ࡌࡾᏕ⏍ࡡᩐࡢ 10 ᖳ㛣࡚ಶ௧୕࡞ࡖࡒ㸝1991 ᖳ 69 ெ㸡2001 ᖳ 149 ெ㸞ࠊ⌟ᅹ㸡ᩅ⫩┤ࡢྜྷኬᏕࡡධᅗ Ⓩࢬࣤࢰ࣭࢛࣬ࣇ࢙࣬ࢠࢬࣝࣤࢪ࡞ᒌࡌࡾ༡ኃㄚ⛤࡞㛭ࡊ࡙㸡モ㥺Ⓩࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅ ᐁ⾔ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ᭩ࡵᠺຉࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࣈࣞࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ࡚ࡢ㸡≺⮤ࡡኬᏕ㝌ࢅス⨠ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ᙽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ኬᏕࡡࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡ㞘⏕࡞ࡢ㌶ᛮ࠵ࡽ㸡◂✪ࡡࡲ㸡ᩅ⫩ࡡࡲ㸡ࡱࡒࡢࡐࡡ⤄ࡲྙࢂ ࡎࡡ࠷ࡍࡿ࠾㐽ᢝࡈࡿࡾࠊ㞘⏕ዉ⣑㛣ࡢ 5 ᖳ௧හ࡛ࡈࡿ㸡㈠㔘ࡡὮࡿ࡞ᚺࡋ࡙ ࡡහᐖࢅን᭞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵ࡚ࡀࡾࠊ⤂㌗ዉ⣑ࡢᗣḾࡈࡿ㸡ᩅ⫩୯ᚨࡡࢪࢰࢴࣆ࡚࠵ࡿ◂✪ ୯ᚨࡡࢪࢰࢴࣆ࡚࠵ࡿ㸡ዉ⣑᭞᩺ࡡ๑࡞࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡᴏ⦴ࡡフ౮⾔ࢂࡿࡾࠊ ࣆࣜࢰ࣑㸝5 ᖳ㸞ࡡዉ⣑࡞ࡢᅗ㝷Ⓩ⤊㥺ᚪ㡪᮪௲࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 㸝PHARE ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚࡷ ࡐࡡࡡᑑᮮࡡḚᕗࡡ㈀″ࢅ㏳ࡊ࡙㸞㢄⬳Ὦฝࢅ㜭ࡁ㸡㢄⬳Ὦථࢅᐁ⌟ࡌࡾࡒࡴ㸡≁ื โᗐᑙථࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ ◂✪࣏ࢾ ࢩ࣒ࣤ ࢹ ࢰࣜࢹኬᏕࡢአ㒂㈠㔘ࡡᚺຽࢅ⟮⌦ࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸧ࡗࡡ⤄⧂ࢅス⨠ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ◂✪⟮ ⌦ຸᑻ㸝ᅗහ㈠㔘ࡡ⋋ᚋࢅᢰᙔࡌࡾ⤄⧂㸞࡛ᢇ⾙ࣤࢪࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹ㸝ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘ ࡛ࣤᅗ㝷༝ງࢅᢰᙔࡌࡾ⤄⧂㸞࡚࠵ࡾࠊ◂✪⟮⌦ຸᑻࡢ㸡㈀″ࡡ㐽ื㸡◂✪⩽ࡡ ሒᥞ౩㸡⏞ㄫ᭡࡞㛭ࡌࡾᨥᥴ㸡㈻ࡡࢲ࢘ࢴࢠ࡛࠷࠹ཿⓏᶭ⬗ࢅᯕࡒࡊ㸡ᢇ⾙ࣤࢪ ࢷࢲ࣭ࣖࢹࡢ㸡ྜྷኬᏕࡡධᅗⓏࢬࣤࢰ࣭࢛࣬ࣇ࢙࣬ࢠࢬࣝࣤࢪ࡛ࡡ༝ງ࡞ࡻࡽ㸡⛁Ꮥ ⩽࡛ᑑᮮࡡ௺ᴏᐓࡡ㣬ᠺ࡞ງⅤࢅ⨠࠷࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⤄⧂ࡢ㸡1996 ᖳ࡞ス❟ࡈࡿࡒࢰࣜࢹ ࣬ࢦ࢙ࣤࢪࣂ࣭ࢠࡡ⤊㥺ࡷࡐࡡࡡᆀᇡࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິࢅᇱ♇࡞ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆ ࡿࡼࡡὩິࡢ㸡ࡡ࡛ࡆࢀࡱࡓⓆᒈṹ㝭࡞࠵ࡽ㸡㈠㔘࡛ࣤࣆࣚࡡ㊂ࡡࡒࡴ࡞㔔さ ᙲࢅᯕࡒࡌ࡞⮫ࡖ࡙࠷࠷ࠊḚᕗᵋ㏸ᇱ㔘࡞ࡻࡾᚃࡡᨥᥴᣉኬᙽࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊ Ϭ㸣ᥞゕ ᮇㄢᰕࡡ⤎ᯕ࠽ࡻࡦࡐࡿ࡞㛭㏻ࡌࡾ⩻ᐳ࠾ࡼ㸡Ḛᕗጟဤఌ㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲㸡࠽ࡻࡦ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ 㛭㸝᭩ࡵ㔔さᥞゕࡡᑊ㇗࡚࠵ࡾ㸞࡞ྡྷࡄࡒ௧ୖࡡ⾔ິᥞゕᑙ࠾ࡿࡒࠊ ࡆࡡㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙├㟻ࡊࡒၡ㢗Ⅴࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ࡛࠷࠹࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡฦᯊࡡᇱᮇⓏࢵ࣭ࣜ㸡ࡌ ࢂࡔ㸡Ẓ㍉ྊ⬗࡚□┢ࡊ࠷ࢸ࣭ࢰ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ◂✪ࡡ㈀″࡛⟮⌦࡞㛭ࡊ࡙භ㏳࡞ᏽ⩇࣬⌦よࡈࡿࡒ ⏕ㄊ࠷࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ ࡹ࠻࡞㸡ࡌ࡙ࡡࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᙁࡂࡴࡼࡿࡾ᰷ᮇⓏᥞゕࡢ㸡௧ୖࡡ࡛࠽ࡽ㸧 ࡗࡡさ⣪࡚ᵋᠺࡈࡿࡾࠊ 1㸣 さ ᴣ ᛍ࡛ ࣈ ࣞ ࢬࢪ ࢅ ≁ ᏽࡊ 㸡 ࡐࡿ ࢅ ᏽ ⩇ࡌ ࡾ ࡆ ࡛࡞ ࡻ ࡖ ࡙㸡 ◂ ✪⟮ ⌦ ࡞ 㛭ࡊ ࡙௧ ୖࡡᇱ♇ ࡛ࡾ භ㏳ࡡ ⏕ㄊࡡ ᇱ┑ࢅ షࡾ ࡀ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ ◂✪࣬ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤὩິ㸡㈠㔘ࡡὮࡿ㸡㒼ฦ㸡ᴏ⦴ࡡᵕឺࡡẒ㍉ࢅ⾔࠹ࡒࡴ࡞㸡Ḛᕗࡡࣝ࣊ࣜ ࠽ࡻࡦᅗ㝷Ⓩ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜ⌦よུ࣬ᐖࡈࡿࡒୌ㏻ࡡࢸ࣭ࢰ࡛ᣞᵾࢅషࡾࡆ࡛ࠊࡆࡿࡢ௧ୖࢅఔ࠹ ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᅗࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࠊኬᏕࡡሒ㞗ᡥ㡨ࡡᨭ㠁࡛さࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ୯ኳ࡚ࡡオ㘋ࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࡡ☔❟ ᅗ࠽ࡻࡦḚᕗࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲ࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࠊẒ㍉ྊ⬗࡚□┢ࡊ࠷ࢸ࣭ࢰࡡ⠂ᅑ࡛ࢰࣈ࡞㛭ࡌ ࡾྙណ EU ࡡ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࠊḚᕗࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲࡛㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭㸡࠽ࡻࡦᅗ㝷Ⓩࢪࢷ࣭ࢠ࣌ࣜࢱ࣭࡛ࡡ ⥥ᐠリࡊྙ࠷࡞࠽ࡄࡾࡐࡡࡻ࠹Ὡິࡡᨥᥴ 2㸣 Ḛ ᕗධ మ ࡚Ẓ ㍉ ྊ ⬗ ◂ ✪ ࡡ㈕ ⏕ ゝ⟤ ࡛ ఌ ゝࢨ ࢪ ࢷ ࣑ࢅ 㸝 㧏 ➴ᩅ ⫩ ᶭ㛭 ࡡ ⥪ ྙⓏ ㈀ ຸ⟮⌦࢝ ࢺࣚ ࣤࡡ ୌ⎌࡛ ࡊ࡙㸞 㛜Ⓠࡌ ࡾࡻ ࠹┘ᣞࡌ ࡀ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ ࡆࡡㄢᰕࡢ㸡㈕⏕ࡡධ㟻Ⓩ㏩᪺ᛮࢅᐁ⌟ࡊ㸡ୌ⯙࡞ヾࡴࡼࡿࡒఌゝࢨࢪࢷ࣑ࢅ◂✪࡞㐲⏕ࡌ ࡾࡒࡴࡡὩິࢅ⾔࠹ࡀ࡚࠵ࡾ࡛࠷࠹ EURAB ࡡᥞゕࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࠊḚᕗࡡ◂✪ࡡᣚ⤾ྊ⬗ᛮࡢ㸡 㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭࡞㈕⏕ណㆉ࡛ࢤࢪࢹゝ⟤ࢅᑙථࡌࡾ⬗ງ࡛ᨳⓏᡥ⭆࠵ࡾ࠾ྫྷ࠾㸡࠽ࡻࡦ௺ᴏ࡛ ⏐ᴏ⏲࡞ࡐࡿུࡄථࡿࡼࡿࡾ࠾ྫྷ࠾࡞ኬࡀࡂ౪Ꮛࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡⏍ࡲฝࡈࡿࡒ▩ㆉ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙≁࡞ පⓏ㒂㛓༎ฦᩩ㔘ࢅᨥᡮ࠹࠾ྫྷ࠾ࡵ㔔さ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ࡈࡼ࡞㸡㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲࡛ࡐࡡ⾪࡞ᑊࡊ㸡࢟ࣛࢪࡡㅎᅗ࡚ࡌ࡚࡞ᚋࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ⤊㥺࡞ᇱࡘ ࠷࡙ࡐࡡࡻ࠹Ὡິ࡞ཱིࡽ⤄ࡳࡆ࡛㸡࠽ࡻࡦḚᕗጟဤఌ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡ࡐࡡࡻ࠹Ὡິࢅ✒ᴗⓏ࡞ᨥᥴ ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᥞゕࡌࡾࠊ 3㸣 Ḛᕗࡡ ㈀″࡛ ༝ງࡡ ᶭఌࢅ ᣉኬࡌ ࡀ࡚ ࠵ࡾ ࠊ Ḛᕗ࡚ࣝ࣊ࣜࡡ㈠㔘ࡡᣉඖ࡞ᐞࡎࡾ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࡡ㧏࠷ᙽ㸡ᨳᗋ㸡ᅗ㝷ᶭ㛭㸡௺ᴏ࡞ࡻࡖ ࡙┷࠾ࡗ༝ㄢⓏᙟ࡚⩻៎ࡈࡿࡾࡀ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐࡿ࡞ࡢ㸡Ḛᕗ◂✪ఌ㆗ࡷ◂✪ᯗ⤄ࡲࣈࣞࢡࣚ ࣑ࡡࡐࡡࡡᡥṹࢅᐁ⾔ࡌࡾࡓࡄ࡚ࡂ㸡Ḛᕗࣝ࣊ࣜࡷᅗ㝷Ⓩᅗ㛣ࡵࡊࡂࡢኣᅗ㛣ࡡࢾࢴࢹ ࣭࣠ࢠࢅᙟᠺࡌࡾᡥṹࡷᶭఌࢅቌࡷࡊ㸡ኬᏕ㛣ࡡᡋ␆Ⓩ༝ງ࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤ㸡࠽ࡻࡦ⏐Ꮥ༝ྜྷ ࡷ㔔ࡼࡎࢆࣂ࣭ࢹࢻ࣭ࢨࢴࣈࡡ࣓ࢸࣜࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡵᚪさ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ 4㸣 ኬᏕ㸡 ≁࡞◂ ✪⩽ࡡ ᑍ㛓Ⓩ ⬗ງ 㛜Ⓠࡡ ≟Ἓ ࢅᨭၻࡌ ࡀ࡚ ࠵ࡾࠊ ኬᏕࡢ㸡ንࡡࣈࣞࢬࢪ࡞㐲ว࡞ᑊᚺࡊ㸡ᅗ㝷Ⓩ❿ண࡞ᡬࡔົࡔ㸡◂✪ࡡ㈻࡛ࢹࣈࢴࢹ ࢅ㧏ࡴ㸡࢜ࣤࢰࣄࣛࢷࡡさị࡞ᚺ࠻ࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾࡼࡣ㸡᭩Ⰳࡡெᮞࢅ☔ಕࡌࡾࡆ࡛ᚪさ ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᨳᗋࡡ⾔ᨳᙔᑻ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ᚪさ࡞ᚺࡋ࡙༡ኃㄚ⛤ࡡᏕ⏍࡛ⱕ࠷◂✪⩽ࡡ㈀ຸ୕㸡⟮⌦୕ࡡ❟ ሔࢅ᪺☔࠽ࡻࡦᨭၻࡊ㸡࢜ࢸ࣐ࢴࢠࢪࢰࢴࣆ࡛⟮⌦ࢪࢰࢴࣆࡡຽ㞗㸡ሒ㓐㸡⬗ງ㛜Ⓠ࡞㛭ࡌ ࡾᶭఌ㸡⮤⏜㸡㌶ᛮࢅኬᏕ࡞࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᥞゕࡌࡾࠊ ኬᏕ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ⱕ࠷◂✪⩽ࡡ⫩ᠺ㸡ࡐ࠹ࡊࡒ◂✪⩽ࡡ࡛࢞ࣔࣛ⟮⌦ࢪ࢞ࣜࡡ㛜Ⓠ࡞ࡵࡖ࡛ ኣࡂࡡ㈠㔘࡛Ἰណࢅྡྷࡄࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᥞゕࡌࡾࠊ◂✪࡛ࢿ࣭࣊ࢨࣘࣤࡡ⟮⌦࡞࠾࠾ࢂࡾ⟮⌦ࢪࢰࢴ ࣆ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡵྜྷࡋ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ ᅗ࠽ࡻࡦḚᕗධమࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩⏲࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࡢ㸡ࠍࡡ㧏➴ᩅ⫩ᶭ㛭ࢅᨥᥴࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞㸡ெⓏ㈠″ ࡡ㛜Ⓠࡡ᪁㔢࡛ὩິࢅⓆᒈࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛ࢅᥞゕࡌࡾࠊ ϭ㸣῟ ㈠ᩩ㸯 ᮇㄢᰕ ࡞ཤຊ ࡊࡒ㧏 ➴ᩅ⫩ ᶭ㛭 ୌの ࣭ࣤኬᏕ㸡࢛࣭ࢪࢹࣛ ࢣࣤࢹኬᏕ㸡࣭࣊ࣜ࢟ ࣭ࣜࣁࣤ࢜ࢹࣛࢴࢠኬᏕ㸡࣭࣊ࣜ࢟ ࣇࣛࣖࢴࢬࣜ⮤⏜ኬᏕ㸡࣭࣊ࣜ࢟ ࣈࣚࣀᏕᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ ࣒ࣤࢸࣜ㎨ᯐኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ㸡ࣇࣜࢿ ࣏ࢦࣛࢠኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ㸡ࣇࣜࢿ ࣇࣜࢿᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ ࢲ࢘ࢤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ㸡ࣈࣚࣀ ࢛ࢪࢹࣚࣁᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢲ࢘ࢤ ༞ࢸ࣏࣭ࣤࢠኬᏕ㸡ࢸ࣏࣭ࣤࢠ㸡࢛࣭ࢸࣤࢬ ࢰࣜࢹኬᏕ㸡࢙ࢪࢹࢼ ࣍Ꮥ⾙ኬᏕ㸡ࣆࣤࣚࣤࢺ ࣝࣤࢽ➠ 1 ኬᏕ㸡ࣆࣚࣤࢪ ࣆࣚࣤࢨࣖ࣬ࢤࣤࢷኬᏕ㸡ࣆࣚࣤࢪ㸡ࣇࢧࣤࢮࣤ ࣭ࣉࣤᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢺࢵ ࣀࣤࣇࣜࢠኬᏕ㸡ࢺࢵ ࣀࢸࣜ࣊ࣜࢠኬᏕ㸡ࢺࢵ ࢠࣝࢰኬᏕ㸡࢟ࣛࢨࣔ ࣭࣋ࢲኬᏕ㸡ࣀ࣭ࣤ࢝ࣛ ࢪࣚࣤࢺኬᏕ㸡ࢪࣚࣤࢺ ࢱࣇࣛࣤ࣬ࣗࢼࣁ࣭ࢨࢷ࢜ࣝࢴࢩ㸡ࣜࣚࣤࢺ ࢹࣝࣤࢹኬᏕ㸡ࢰࣛ ࢨ࢙ࢻኬᏕ㸡ࢰࣛ ࣒ࢴࢨ࣭ࢻኬᏕ㸡ࢰࣛ ࣚࢹࣄኬᏕ㸡ࣚࢹࣄ㸡ࣛ࢝ ࢹ࢘ࣤࢷኬᏕ㸡࢛ࣚࣤࢱ ࢱ࣑࣐࣬ࢵ࢙࢞ࣥࢴࢲኬᏕ㸡࣭࣎ࣚࣤࢺ㸡࣎ࢫࢻࢼ ࢴࢩᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡࣭࣎ࣚࣤࢺ ࣎ࣜࢹኬᏕ㸡࣎ࣜࢹ࢝ࣜ ࣝࢠࢦࣤࢺࣜ࣬࣠ࣤ࣬ࢠࢧኬᏕ㸡࣭࣏ࣜࢼ㸡࣭ࣕࢨ ࢪࣞࣁ࢞ᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢪࣞࣁ࢞㸡ࣇࣚࢲࢪࣚࣁ ࢤࢨࢵ࢘ᕝ⛁ኬᏕ㸡ࢪࣞࣁ࢞ ࣏ࢺ࣭ࣛࢺ⮤ኬᏕ㸡ࢪ࣋ࣤ ࣈࢦࣚኬᏕ㸡ࢪ࣭࢘ࢸࣤ ࢩࣖࢾ࣭ࣇኬᏕ㸡ࢪࢪ ࢙ࢩࣤࣁࣚኬᏕ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ ࣇࣛࢪࢹࣜኬᏕ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ ࣉ࢛ࣛࢴࢹ㸲࣠ࢴࢹኬᏕ㸡࢟ࣛࢪ Ϯ㸣ཤ⩻ ᩝ⊡ୌ の Arnold, E., & Bockholt, P. 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