2015/2/18
1
2
Japan
February 2015
1
Source: Dillon, Hearing Aids, Chapter 15
Last updated 2 February, 2015
(Kochkin, personal communication).
12
20
35
40
2
45
50
50
60
(
(
64
)
74
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%
1
2015/2/18
Arlinger, 2005
• 1984 - 25%
• 1994 - 65%
• 2004 - 82%
42
45
60
15
20
50
56
55
20 to 80
75
55
82
?
1–
2–
:
•
•
•
2
1
?
?
• 2
2
:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
(%)
Scheurs & Olsen
1985
32
25
Cox et al
2011
54
94
Stephens et al
1991
55
Kobler, Rosenhall & Hansson
2001
66
144
Brooks & Bulmer
1981
70
204
Dillon, Hickson & Lloyd
2011
76
869
Dillon, Birtles & Lovegrove
1999
78
2,127
Jordan, Greisen & Bentzen
1967
78
1,147
Byrne & Dermody
1975
85
Erdman & Sedge
1981
90
30
Boymans et al
2008
93
214
2
2015/2/18
•
:
(
)
•
:
(
)
•
:
•
:
• Diotic:
(ms)
• Dichotic:
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-180
-120
-60
0
60
120
180
(deg)
Figure 15.2
987
Figure 15.1
.
3
2015/2/18
(dB)
25
90o
20
45°
15
10
5
30°
0
0.1
Figure 15.3
Shaw(1974)
1
(kHz)
10
I
4
2015/2/18
?
•
•
–
–
•
<1500Hz
•
>1500Hz
Figure 15.5
.
SPL
12 kHz
SPL
6 kHz
Figure 15.4
= 3 degree
5
2015/2/18
•
:
–
Byrne & Noble, 1998; Byrne et al,
1992
:
–
–
–
:
Abel et al 2000; Keidser et al, 2009
•
:
:
–
( -
)
>50dBHL
•
(L.F.
)
Byrne et al, 1992; Noble et al,
1994; Noble et al, 1997
•
; [Florentine, 1976]
- Byrne and Noble, 1998
•
–
[Byrne, Noble &
LePage, 1992]
–
•
[Dermody & Byrne, 1975]
(
/
)
[Byrne & Noble, 1998]
–
6
2015/2/18
(cont)
•
•
•
•
•
[Byrne &
Noble, 1998]
•
BTE,ITE,ITC(
CIC)
ITE,ITC,CIC
BTE,ITE,ITC(
CIC)
•
[Eriksson-Mangold & Erlandsson, 1984]
•
[Barsz, 1991]
–“
”
•
SN
60o
SN
3kHz
9dB
30o
SN
3kHz
11dB
8
9dB
dB
Figure 15.7
SN
S/N
3kHz
SN
20dB
17dB
7
2015/2/18
Head diffraction (dB)
30
60 o
30o
20
120o
1.
:
10
“
3dB
0
-10
-120 o
-20
100
Figure 15.6
-60o
1,000
Frequency (Hz)
”(17dB
)
-30o
10,000
5
Shaw (1974)
“
1
”
2
8
2015/2/18
2.
Noise
1.
:
”(17dB
“
)
2.
+
“
”
:
(8dB
)
+
Figure 15.8
(
3dB
,
2dB) (
)
.
3.
2
2
1. .
:
”(17dB
“
3dB
)
+
“
?
”
+
2.
:
(8dB
)
3.
,
:
- 2dB
2dB) (
2
(
1
)
9
2015/2/18
•
–
• 3
•
“
–
”
•
–
:
2
•
2
(
:
)
2(
)
2
(
)
– (a)
– (b)
– (c)
•
2
(
)
10
2015/2/18
1.
2.
(
) [Balfour & Hawkins, 1992]
2
3.
[Brooks & Bulmer,
1981]
4.
5.
6.
AD(
)
(Late-onset auditory deprivation)
(1 – 2
AD(
)
……..
AD(
)
(Boothroyd, 1993)
)
2
11
2015/2/18
AD(
)
AD(
(Boothroyd, 1993)
)
[Hurley 1998]
Unilateral fittings
Bilateral fittings
AD(
AD(
)
)
(
• 35dB
•
– [Gelfand, Silman & Ross, 1987; Hurley, 1993]
– [Gelfand & Silman, 1993; Hattori, 1993; Hurley, 1998]
•
•
– [Hurley, 1999]
– [Hurley, 1999]
•
•
–
•
[Gatehouse, 1999]
–
–
–
1
• (
)
– [Gelfand, Silman & Ross, 1987]
:
[Silman et al, 1992; Silverman & Silman, 1990]
[Gelfand, 1995; Hurley, 1993]
[Boothroyd, 1993]
•
[Gelfand, 1995 (six cases)]
12
2015/2/18
AD(
)
•
,
•
–(
,
,
)
•
:
–
–
!
,
40%!!)
(10%,
Siegenthaler & Craig 1981; Jerger et al 1993; Allen et al 2000; Walden & Walden 2005
1
–
:
•
•
•
,
(
ABR
–
),
:
•
–
–
–
•
•
- Hood & Prasher 1990
- Markides 1977, 1982
- LePage 1989; Rajan 1995; Scharf et al 1994
Chmiel et al 1997
Goldstein & Shelly 1981; Johnson et al 1979
13
2015/2/18
?
2
•
(%)
Scheurs & Olsen
Cox et al
1985
2011
32
54
(
–2
–“
25
94
Stephens et al
1991
55
Kobler, Rosenhall & Hansson
2001
66
144
Brooks & Bulmer
1981
70
204
Dillon, Hickson & Lloyd
2011
76
869
Dillon, Birtles & Lovegrove
1999
78
2,127
Jordan, Greisen & Bentzen
1967
78
1,147
Byrne & Dermody
1975
85
(“
)
”, “
1
”)
- Surr & Hawkins, 1988
”
- Surr & Hawkins,
1988
KEMAR at -90 degrees to wind
Erdman & Sedge
1981
90
30
Boymans et al
2008
93
214
•
Dillon, Roe & Katsch, NAL.
1
2
?
14
2015/2/18
•
?
:
–
•
•
–
15dB
80dBHL
30dBHL
SN
[Davis & Haggard 1982; Gatehouse &
Haggard 1986; Haggard & Hall 1982]
•
8 dB
Killiion (1997)
:
–
50dB
[Tonning, 1971; MacKeith & Coles 1971]
–
•
:
2
[Chung &
Stephens, 1986]
125
250
500
(Hz)
1k
2k
4k
8k
0
20
40
60
(dBHL)
80
,
,
. 30 dB HL
100
80 dB HL
120
SN
17dB
!
Figure 15.11
(×
,
)
15
2015/2/18
(Hz)
125
250
500
1k
2k
4k
8k
0
•
20
•
40
60
•
(dBHL)
80
100
120
Figure 15.12
(Hz)
125
250
500
1k
2k
4k
8k
1.
0
20
40
2.
1
4
60dBHL
60
(dBHL)
80
100
120
Figure 15.13
16
2015/2/18
:
2
NAL
NAL
:2
2
1976
(2
NAL-R
NAL-RP
NAL-NL1
NAL-NL2
1985
1991
2001
2012
SN
SN
)
1.
2.
&
-
(
)
17
2015/2/18
(dB)
7
• 2
6
5
4
•
3
•
•
2
•
1
NAL-NL2
0
0
20
40
60
80
(dB)
100
120
NAL-NL2
NAL-NL1 / NAL-NL2
WBCT
RECD
N
/
CR
BWC
RECD
REUG
UCT
REDD
REIG
HA
I/O
MLE
REAG
AC
CG
AC'
ABG
ESG
BC'
RESR
BC
=
=
i/p
SSPL2cc
ESCD
SSPLES
=
=
=
18
2015/2/18
:
•
•
( )
!
:
•
•
ON
•
”
”
,
, CR, CT.
30
(dB)
25
20
CR
15
10
•
•
:
–
–
–
”
”
:
–
–
–
–
5
CT
0
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
(dB SPL)
19
2015/2/18
• 2
2
–
–
•
2
www.NAL.gov.au
•
20