《書評論文》
「制度変化をめぐる新制度論の理論的発展：
James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen (2010)
Explaining Institutional Changeを手がかりに」
早川有紀
‫␠ޓ‬ળ⑼ቇߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ೙ᐲߦኻߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㑐
޽ߞߚ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬᡽ᴦቇߢߪ‫ޔ‬਎♿ᓟඨߦቇ
ᔃߪᐕઍએ㒠ౣ߮㜞߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߪ೙ᐲ
໧㗔ၞߣߒߡኾ㐷ಽൻߔࠆ㓙ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ೙ᐲ
ߩ⛮⛯ߣߘߩᄌൻࠍ߼ߋߞߡℂ⺰⊛࡮ታ⸽⊛ߦ
߇ᦨༀߩ௛߈ࠍߔࠆ߆ࠍ␜ߔߎߣߦࠃࠅ࿖ኅ
⊒ዷߒߡ߈ߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߪ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛(ᣂ)೙ᐲ⺰ߩ┙
(the State)ߦᄺ઀ߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߣߐࠇߚߎߣ
႐ߦ┙ߟJames MahoneyߣKathleen Thelen߇✬
߆ࠄ‫ޟޔ‬೙ᐲ‫߇ޠ▸ⷙޟߣޠ‬ਥⷐߥ໧㗴㑐ᔃߣ
⪺ ⠪ ߢ ޽ ࠆExplaining Institutional Change:
ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
Ambiguity, Agency, and Powerߩ૏⟎ߠߌ߅ࠃ߮
‫␠ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޓ‬ળ⑼ቇ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ೙ᐲߦኻ
ߘߩౝኈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ߼ߋࠆ
ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㑐ᔃߪర‫ޘ‬㜞߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᐕઍએ㒠
ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߩℂ⺰⊛ߥ೔㆐ὐߣߘߩ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࠍਛᔃߣߒߚⴕേ⺰ߣวℂ⊛ㆬᛯ⺰
᡽ᴦቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⼏⺰ࠍਛᔃߦ⺰ߓࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛
ߦၮߠߊᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩዉ౉ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬೙
ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᐲߦኻߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㑐ᔃߪૐਅߒߚ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᚢᓟࠕࡔ
࡝ࠞ᡽ᴦቇߢߪ‫ߥ⊛▸ⷙߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬೙ᐲ⎇ⓥ
Ⅰ.新制度論の発展
ࠍุቯߒߚ਄ߢℂ⺰߿ᣇᴺ⺰ࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛
‫ޓ‬೙ᐲߪ৻⥸⊛ߦ․ቯߩ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆⴕേ᭽ᑼ
ߥ⎇ⓥ߇⋡ᜰߐࠇࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬᡽ᴦ⊛
߿ⴕേࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߣߒߡℂ⸃ߐࠇ‫␠߇ࠇߘޔ‬ળో
Ꮻ⚿ࠍ୘ੱ޽ࠆ޿ߪ᡽ౄ߿೑⋉㓸࿅ߣ޿ߞߚ୘
૕ߦㆉ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇߩ㗔ၞߢฎߊ
ੱߩ㓸߹ࠅߩㆬᅢߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄ
߆ࠄ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫࡞ࡘ࠺ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬
ࠇߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᣥ᧪⊛ߥ౏ᑼ೙ᐲߩᓎഀߪシⷞߐ
ࠤ࡯ࡓ߇਎♿ᧃߦ␠ળቇࠍ‫ޟ‬೙ᐲߩ⑼ቇ‫ߢޠ‬
ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
޽ࠆߣ␜ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ(Durkheim [=:
‫ߚߒ߁ߎޓ‬ᚢᓟߩቇ໧⊛⢛᥊ߩᄌ⒖ߦኻߒߡ
()
]) ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣቇߦ߅޿ߡࠦ࡯ࠬ߇Ꮢ႐ߣડᬺࠍ
ᐕઍએ㒠‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߦኻߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㑐ᔃ߇ౣ߮㜞
೙ᐲߣߒߡ⊒⷗ߒ⚻ᷣࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ೙ᐲ⊛᭴ㅧߩ
߹ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ⊒ዷߒߚߩ߇ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߢ޽ࠆ()‫ޕ‬
ሽ࿷ࠍ␜ߒߚߎߣ(Coase [=])‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦቇ
ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕઍએ㒠⛯޿ߡ߈ߚᣇᴺ⺰⊛
ߩ࡞࡯࠷߇೙ᐲ⺰⎇ⓥߣߺߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ(Peters
୘ੱਥ⟵ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥߦኻߔࠆᛕ್‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᴺ
[=: ])ߪ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⑼ቇߩ㗔ၞߢ೙ᐲߩ
ᓞࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ౏⊛ߥ᡽ᴦ᭴ㅧࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᣥ᧪
ᨐߚߔᓎഀߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇㐳ࠄߊ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎ
ߩⷙ▸⊛ߥ೙ᐲ⎇ⓥߦኻߔࠆᛕ್߆ࠄ↢ߓߚ‫ޕ‬
ߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬᡽ᴦቇߢ೙ᐲ߇㊀ⷞߐࠇ
ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ࠍឭ໒ߒߚࡑ࡯࠴ߣࠝ࡞࠮ࡦ߇ⴕേ⺰
ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ໧ߩᚑࠅ┙ߜ߅ࠃ߮⋡⊛ߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆ
߅ࠃ߮วℂ⊛ㆬᛯ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡᢥ⣂ਥ⟵‫ޔ‬ㆶరਥ
(Peters [=: ])‫ߣ߽ߣ߽ޕ‬᡽ᴦቇߪᱧ
⟵‫ޔ‬ഞ೑ਥ⟵‫ޔ‬ᯏ⢻ਥ⟵‫ޔ‬㆏ౕਥ⟵ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ
ผቇ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㆏ᓼືቇߩ৻ㇱࠍ᭴ᚑߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬
߆ࠄᛕ್ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ(March and Olsen [])‫ޔ‬
ㆊ෰ߩᢎ⸠ߣⷙ▸⊛ߥℂᗐࠍ⋭ኤߔࠆ߽ߩߢ
ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߪᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍߣࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ
‫⋧ޡ‬㑐␠ળ⑼ቇ‫╙ޢ‬ภ㧔㧕
77
ߡシⷞߐࠇߡ߈ߚ᡽ᴦ᭴ㅧ‫ޔ‬ല↪ᦨᄢൻએᄖߩ
ࠆ‫ޟޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆߩ
ଔ୯߿ⷙ▸‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛ㆊ⒟ߥߤࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ┙႐ࠍ
߆‫߁޿ߣޠ‬໧޿ߦᔕ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈‫ޔ‬ᄌൻߩ
ߣࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ቟ቯ⊛ߥ౏
ℂ↱ߪᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬
ᑼ࡮㕖౏ᑼߩ᭴ㅧ⊛․ᓽࠍᛒ޿‫ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬ቴⷰ
RCIߣHIߪࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢᒻᚑ߅ࠃ߮೙ᐲߩᓎ
⊛ߦಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄᣥ೙ᐲ⺰ߣߪ඙೎ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ഀߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ೎‫ߩޘ‬ᢥ⣂ߢ⼏⺰߇߅ߎߥࠊ
ߎ߁ߒߚ೙ᐲߦኻߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㑐ᔃߩᓳᵴߪ᡽ᴦቇ
ࠇߚࠅ‫ޔ‬RCIߣHI߇ߘࠇߙࠇቯ㊂⊛⎇ⓥߣቯᕈ
ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ߪࠍࠬ࡯ࡁ߿ࠬ࡯ࠦޔ‬
⊛⎇ⓥߦ⚿߮ߟߌࠄࠇߡ⎇ⓥߐࠇߚࠅߔࠆ௑ะ
ߓ ߼ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ೙ ᐲ ቇ ᵷ ⚻ ᷣ ቇ ߩ 㓉 ⋓(Course
ߦ޽ߞߚ()‫ޕ‬
[=], North [=])‫␠ޔ‬ળቇߦ߅
ߌࠆ೙ᐲߩℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ(⋓ጊ[])߿ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰
Ⅱ.近年の新制度論の傾向
ߩ⼏⺰(Selznick [], Brinton and Nee [])
‫ߦࠇߎޓ‬ኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߢߪᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߩℂ⺰⊛⎇
ߥߤ‫ޔ‬⒟ᐲߩᏅߪ޽ࠇ␠ળ⑼ቇߩઁߩ㗔ၞߢ߽
ⓥߩ⊒ዷߦะߌߡRCI߅ࠃ߮HIߩធὐ߇Ⓧᭂ⊛
↢ߓߚ‫ޕ‬
ߦ ␜ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ‫ޔ߫ ߃ ߣ ߚ ޕ‬
‫ޓ‬ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ࠍ․ߦ೙ᐲ߇ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢߦኻߒ
Katznelson and Weingast []ߪ‫ࠕߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬
ߡᨐߚߔᓎഀߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄᄢ೎ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ
ࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢᒻᚑߦߟ޿ߡ⇣ߥࠆℂ⸃ࠍߣࠆ௑
ߩᯏ⢻⊛ߥ஥㕙߅ࠃ߮୘ੱߩㆬᅢߦኻߔࠆࡒࠢ
ะߦ޽ߞߚRCIߣHIߩ౒᦭ὐࠍតߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
ࡠ⊛ߥၮ␆ઃߌࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆวℂ⊛ㆬᛯ(ᣂ)೙ᐲ
ߩᧄߢߪRCIߩࠃ߁ߦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢࠍᚲਈߣ
⺰(એਅRCIߣߔࠆ)ߣ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߩ᭴ᚑ⊛ߥ஥㕙߅
ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࠢࠕޔ‬ㆬᅢߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ৻
ࠃ߮୘ੱ߿೙ᐲ߇⟎߆ࠇࠆᱧผ⊛ዷ㐿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔ
⟵⊛ߢߪߥߊ೙ᐲߦࠃߞߡᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߣ޿߁
ࠆᱧผ⊛(ᣂ)೙ᐲ⺰(એਅHIߣߔࠆ)ߩੑߟߦಽ
ߎߣࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩᱧผ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ
()
㘃ߢ߈ࠆ ‫ޕ‬RCIߢߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߇ੱ‫ⴕߩޘ‬േߦᓇ
ਅߦ⟎߆ࠇࠆ೙ᐲߩㆊ⒟߇ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢࠍᒻ
㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ᭴ㅧ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࡞࡯࡞ߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁ⷞὐࠍ⚵ߺㄟ߻‫╩ޕ‬⠪ߚߜߪ‫⁁ޔ‬
ߎࠇߪਥߦ⚻ᷣቇߦ߅޿ߡ⊒ዷߒߡ߈ߚ೙ᐲⷰ
ᴫ⊛೙⚂ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߚㆬᅢᒻᚑߩಽᨆ߇೙ᐲ
ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߪวℂ⊛ߥㆬᅢࠍ߽ߟࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩ
⎇ⓥࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߔ
ⴕേࠍ೙⚂ߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬RCIߪࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢ
ࠆ(Katznelson and Weingast [: ])‫ࠃ ߩ ߎ ޕ‬
ߦวℂᕈߩ઒ቯࠍ⟎߈‫߇ࠄࠇߘޔ‬೙ᐲߩਛߢߤ
߁ߥ⹜ߺߪ‫ޔ‬RCIߣHIࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬
ߩࠃ߁ߦ⋧੕૞↪ߒߡᏫ⚿ࠍዉߊߩ߆ࠍಽᨆߔ
ਔ⠪ࠍ⋧੕ߦ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡℂ⺰⊛
ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬HIߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߪᱧผ⊛޽ࠆ޿
ߥធㄭࠍ࿑ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪ␠ળ⊛ߦ᭴▽ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣߺߥߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬
‫⎇ߚߒ߁ߎޓ‬ⓥേะߪ‫ޔ‬ౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ೙
೙ᐲⷰߪਥߦ␠ળቇߦ߅޿ߡ⊒ዷߒ‫ޔ‬HIߦ߅
ᐲᄌൻࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩℂ⺰⊛⊒ዷߩᮨ⚝ߣᄢ
޿ߡ೙ᐲߪၮᧄ⊛ߦࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
߈ߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ߼ߋࠆℂ⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬
HIߢߪ‫〝⚻ޔ‬ଐሽ‫࠶ࡠޔ࠻ࡦࠗࡐ࡞ࠞ࡯ࠜࡈޔ‬
ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᢿ⛯ဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃
ࠢࠗࡦߣ޿ߞߚ․ᓽߦߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ߿
ߦࠃࠆ೙ᐲᄌൻߩ⺑᣿߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߩẋㅴ⊛ߥᄌ
ᢥ⣂ߩਛߢ೙ᐲ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦሽ⛯ߒߡᏫ⚿߇ዉ
ൻߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃߳ߣ⌕⌒ὐ
߆ࠇࠆߩ߆ߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
߇ ⒖ ߞ ߡ ߈ ߚ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ()‫ޔ߫ ߃ ߣ ߚ ޕ‬Grief
‫ޓ‬RCIߣHIߪߣ߽ߦ೙ᐲߩဋⴧ⁁ᘒࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ
[=]ߪࠥ࡯ࡓ⺰ߦၮߠ޿ߚᱧผಽᨆࠍ
ߩߦㆡߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆࠃࠅ
ⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ਛ਎ߩ࿾ਛᶏ⾏ᤃ߇ᱧผ⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ
޿ߞߚࠎᚑ┙ߒߚ೙ᐲߩ⛮⛯ᕈࠍ␜ߒ߇ߜߦߥ
ᄌൻߔࠆߩ߆ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Griefߪ‫ޟޔ‬Ḱࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯
78
࠲‫߁޿ߣޠ‬㐳ᦼ⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆ߽ߩߩ⍴ᦼ⊛ߦߪ
૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪᧄᦠߩਥᒛౝኈߣߘ
ਇᄌߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍᄌᢙߣߒߡ↪޿ߚℂ⺰
ߩᗧ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࡕ࠺࡞(Grief and Laitin [])ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬⍴ᦼ
‫ߩᦠᧄޓ‬ਥᒛߪ╙৻ߦ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߇ౝ൮ߔࠆᮭജ㈩
⊛ߦߪᄖ↢⊛ߥᄌൻ߇㐳ᦼ⊛ߦⓍߺ㊀ߥࠆߎߣ
ಽߩᕈ⾰߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߅ࠃ߮᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ
ߦࠃߞߡ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࠢࠕޔ‬ㆬᅢ߇ౝ↢⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆ
⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃߞߡ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣߩ㊀
ὐߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ‫ޔࠅࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲ߇ᨐߚߔ
ⷐᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߢᦠᧄޕ‬೙ᐲ߇ታᣉ޽ࠆ޿ߪㆇ
ᯏ⢻⊛஥㕙ߣ᭴ᚑ⊛஥㕙ࠍวࠊߖߡಽᨆߔࠆߎ
↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߦኻߒߡᮭജࠍ
ߣߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬RCIߣHIߣߩ
㈩ಽߔࠆᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᮭജ㈩ಽࠕࡊ
ℂ⺰⊛ធㄭߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢ೙
ࡠ࡯࠴‫(ޠ‬Mahoney and Thelen [: ])ࠍߣࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᐲᄌൻࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺߦࠃࠆℂ⺰⊛࡮ታ⸽⊛
ߎߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߦࠃࠆᮭജࠍ㈩ಽߔ
ߥ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠆᓎഀߦ೙ᐲߘߩ߽ߩ߇ౝ൮ߔࠆ✕ᒛ㑐ଥߣߒ
‫ޓ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ߼ߋࠆㄭᐕߩ⎇ⓥ⊒
ߡ೙ᐲᄌൻߩේേജࠍ⷗಴ߔ‫߆ߎߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬
ዷߦ౒ㅢߔࠆ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߿ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ࠍขࠅᏎ
ࠄ↢ߓࠆ೙ᐲߩ․ᓽߣ᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ․ᓽ߇⚵ߺ
ߊᱧผ‫৻ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ቯએ਄ߩ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥᤨ㑆ߩ⚻
วࠊߐࠆߎߣߢ೙ᐲᄌൻ߇ẋㅴ⊛ߦ↢ߓࠆߣ⠨
ㆊߦኻߒߡᡷ߼ߡ⌕⋡ߔࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬
߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊߦ઻ߞߡ೙ᐲ߇⟎߆ࠇࠆ⁁ᴫ߇ߤߩ
‫ ߩ ߢ ߎ ߎ ޓ‬೙ ᐲ ᄌ ൻ ߪ‫ޔ‬Streek and Thelen
ࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆߩ߆‫ޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬೙ᐲⅣႺߩᄌൻ
[]ߦᓥߞߡᰴߩ྾ߟߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆ()‫ߥߔޕ‬
ߦ઻ߞߡࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆ
ࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ࡞࡯࡞߇ᣂߒ޿߽ߩߦߣߞߡઍࠊ
ߩ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ‫␠ޕ‬ળ⑼ቇߩℂ⺰᭴▽
ࠄࠇࠆߣ߈ߦ⿠߈ࠆ‫ޟ‬ォ⟎(Displacement)‫ޔޠ‬ᣂ
ߦ޽ߚࠅᱧผߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈߪ
ߒ޿࡞࡯࡞߇ᣢሽߩ࡞࡯࡞ߦઃߌട߃ࠄࠇࠆ
Pierson [=]ߦࠃߞߡ߽ᡷ߼ߡਥᒛߐࠇ
‫ޟ‬㊀ጀൻ(Layering)‫ߪ࡞࡯࡞ޔޠ‬ᄌൻߖߕᄖㇱߩ
ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ߩ⚻ㆊࠍ઻߁೙ᐲ߿ࠕࠢ࠲࡯߇
⁁ᴫᄌൻߦࠃࠆࠪࡈ࠻ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᓇ㗀߇ᄌൻ
⟎߆ࠇࠆ᧦ઙߩᄌൻߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬
ߔࠆ‫(࠻ࡈ࡝࠼ޟ‬Drift)‫ߛ߹߹ߩߘߪ࡞࡯࡞ޔޠ‬
೙ᐲᄌൻࠍౝ↢⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆℂ⺰ߩࡕ࠺࡞ൻ߇
߇⸃㉼߿ㆇ↪߇ᣂߒ޿ᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡᄌൻߔࠆ
⋡ᜰߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‫ޟ‬ォ↪(Conversion)‫ߩߤߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߎޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬
೙ᐲᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠆ߆ߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߘߩ߽ߩߩᕈ⾰ߣ
Ⅲ.漸進的な制度変化モデル
᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ․ᓽߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ‫ࠇߎޔ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬
‫ ޓ‬એ ਄ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃‫ߪ ߢ ▵ ᧄ ޔ‬Explaining
ࠄ߆ࠄ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔਥዉ⊛ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߢ
Institutional Changeߩౝኈ߅ࠃ߮ਥᒛߦߟ޿ߡ
޽ࠆࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻޽ࠆ޿ߪࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦࠪ࡯߇ߤ
ᬌ⸛ߒߚ޿‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔߪᦠᧄޕ‬ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߢⴕࠊ
ߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡ᳿߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠇߡ߈ߚ೙ᐲߩ⛮⛯ᕈߩ⺑᣿߅ࠃ߮ᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃
‫߽ߢ߹ࠇߎޓ‬ẋㅴ⊛ߥᄌൻߩࡧࠔ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ
ߦࠃࠆ㕖ㅪ⛯⊛ߥ೙ᐲᄌൻߩ⺑᣿ࠍᛕ್ߒ‫ޔ‬
ߪ␜ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇()‫ߩᦠᧄޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ೙ᐲߦ
HIߩ┙႐߆ࠄ⚻〝ଐሽ⊛ߥ⺑᣿ࠍ⿥߃ߡౝ↢
ኻߔࠆࠦࡦࡊ࡜ࠗࠕࡦࠬࠍᄌᢙߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߔࠆ
⊛ⷐ࿃߽฽߼ߚẋㅴ⊛ߥ೙ᐲᄌൻߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍߎ
ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߦࠃࠆᮭജ㈩ಽ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ
ࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥએ਄ߦ♖✺ൻߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔ
ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩᄌൻߣ᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ⚿߮ઃߌߡ㘃ဳ
ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߢ‫ߩᦠᧄޔ‬ਥᒛߪㄭᐕߩᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߦ
ൻߒ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠆ⚻〝ࠍࠃࠅ⹦ߒߊ␜ߒ
߅ߌࠆ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ߼ߋࠆℂ⺰⊛⊒ዷߩᵹࠇߦᴪ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࠢࠕޕ‬ᄌൻߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߇᦭ߔࠆⵙ㊂
߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩ߳ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ነਈࠍ⹜ߺࠆ⎇ⓥߣ
ߩ⒟ᐲ‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߦ߅ߌࠆᜎุߩน⢻
79
ᕈߩ⒟ᐲߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ߆ࠄ↢ߓ‫࡯࠲ࠢࠕޔ‬㑆ߢ
ࠗࠕࡦࠬߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߎߣߢ೙ᐲߩᮭജᕈ߇ࠕࠢ
ㅪว߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡᚢ⇛⊛ߦⴕേߔࠆߎߣߢ೙ᐲ
࠲࡯ߩ┙႐ߦᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ↢ߓߐߖࠆߎߣࠍ೨ឭߣ
ᄌൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ‫ᧄޕ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ⵙޔ‬㊂ߩ⒟ᐲ
ߔࠆ‫ߩ࡯࠲ࠢࠕޔߡߞࠃߦߣߎߩߎޕ‬ㆬᅢ߿᡽
ࠍࠕࠢ࠲࡯߇೙ᐲߩ࡞࡯࡞ߦᓥ߁߆ุ߆‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ
ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ․ᓽߦ⋧㆑߇߁߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬ẋㅴ⊛ߥ೙ᐲ
⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ․ᓽࠍࠕࠢ࠲࡯߇೙ᐲࠍ⛽ᜬߒࠃ߁ߣ
ᄌൻߦࡧࠔ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↢߻ߎߣࠍ⺑᣿ߒߡ
ߔࠆ߆ุ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦ⺒ߺᦧ߃‫࠻ࡦࠚࠫ࡯ࠛޔ‬
޿ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬೙ᐲ߇߽ߟᮭജᕈ߳ߩ⌕⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬
ࠍᰴߩ྾ߟߦಽ㘃ߒߡ↢ߓߐߖࠆ೙ᐲᄌൻߣ⚿
RCIߦߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿ὐߢ޽ࠆ߁߃‫ޔ‬ᮭജߩᚲ࿷
߮ߟߌࠆ‫ߦ࡞࡯࡞ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᓥࠊߕ೙ᐲࠍ⛽
߿ߘߩᓇ㗀ߩⷰኤࠍ๮㗴ߩ৻ߟߣߔࠆ᡽ᴦቇߦ
ᜬߒࠃ߁ߣߒߥ޿‫ޟ‬෻ੂ⠪(Insurrectionaries)‫ޠ‬
߅޿ߡ․ߦ㊀ⷐߥⷞⷺࠍឭ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪォ⟎‫ߦ࡞࡯࡞ޔ‬ᓥࠊߥ޿߽ߩߩ೙ᐲࠍ⛽ᜬߒ
‫ޔߪᦠᧄߦ߁ࠃߩߎޓ‬೙ᐲ߇߽ߟᮭജᕈߦᄌൻ
ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ‫↢౒ޟ‬⠪(Symbionts)‫ޔ࠻ࡈ࡝࠼ߪޠ‬
ߩේേജࠍ⷗಴ߔߎߣߦࠃࠅౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍ⚵ߺ
࡞࡯࡞ߦᓥ߁߽ߩߩ೙ᐲࠍ⛽ᜬߒࠃ߁ߣߒߥ޿
ㄟࠎߛ೙ᐲᄌൻߩ৻⥸⊛ᨒ⚵ߺࠍ␜ߒ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬
‫ޟ‬⎕უᵴേ⠪(Subversives)‫ߪޠ‬㊀ጀൻ‫ࠄߜߤޔ‬
ߎ߁ߒߚHIߩⷞὐ߇ઁߩቇᵷߩ೙ᐲ⺰ߩ೙ᐲ
ߦኻߒߡ߽ᘒᐲ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ޿‫ޟ‬ᣣ๺⷗ਥ⟵
ᄌൻߩℂ⸃߅ࠃ߮ℂ⺰⊛⊒ዷࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᓎഀࠍ
⠪(Opportunists)‫ߪޠ‬ォ↪ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ‫ޕ‬
ᨐߚߔߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬೙ᐲߣ᡽
‫╙ߩᦠᧄޓ‬ੑߩਥᒛߪ‫ޔ‬HIߩⷞὐ߇߽ߟ೙ᐲ
ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߣߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃߞߡ೙ᐲᄌൻߩᄙ
⎇ⓥߦኻߔࠆℂ⺰⊛ߥ⊒ዷ߳ߩ⽸₂ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬
᭽ᕈߣ⚻〝ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ൻߒߚὐߪ‫ޔ‬RCIߣߩℂ⺰
ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬RCIߣHIߩ㆑޿ࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬
⊛ߥ⋧੕⊒ዷࠍᮨ⚝ߔࠆ਄ߢ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ਔ⠪ߩ౒ㅢὐࠍតࠆߎߣߢHIߩಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺ߇
RCIߦࠃࠆ೙ᐲᄌൻߦኻߔࠆ⺑᣿ࠍࠃࠅ⼾߆ߦ
Ⅳ.制度変化の説明をめぐる理論上の課題
ߔࠆߣਥᒛߔࠆ(Hall [: ])‫ޕ‬೨ㅀߒߚࠃ
‫ޓ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ߚࠇߐ␜ߢᦠᧄޔ‬ਥᒛߪㄭᐕߩ
߁ߦ‫߽ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬RCIߣHIߣߩធὐߪᮨ⚝ߐࠇ
ẋㅴ⊛ߥ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ߼ߋࠆℂ⺰⊛⊒ዷࠍ⠨ኤߔ
ߡ߈ߚ߇‫⋧ߩࠄࠇߎߪߢᦠᧄޔ‬㆑ὐ߇ࠃࠅ⹦⚦
ࠆ਄ߢ‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢߩ৻ߟߩ೔㆐ὐࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬RCIߢಽᨆߔࠆߎ
RCIߣߩᲧセߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬HIߩⷞὐߪ೙ᐲᄌൻ
ߣ߇࿎㔍ߥㅪวᒻᚑ‫ߦߎߘޔ‬฽߹ࠇࠆା᧦‫ࠕޔ‬
ߩ⺑᣿ࠍࠃࠅᷓ߼ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁‫߹ޕ‬
ࠢ࠲࡯ߩ㓸วⴕὑߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆᣢሽ೙ᐲ‫ޔ‬೙
ߚ‫ߩᦠᧄޔ‬ಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬੐଀✬ߦ߅޿ߡᄙ᭽
ᐲߦౝ൮ߐࠇࠆᮭജ㈩ಽߩⷐ⚛ߣ޿ߞߚὐࠍಽ
ߥ࿾ၞࠍ฽߻࿖ࠍኻ⽎ߦ᭽‫ߢࡑ࡯࠹ߥޘ‬ታ⸽ಽ
ᨆߩ኿⒟ߦߢ߈ࠆHIߪ‫ޔ‬RCIߦࠃࠆ೙ᐲᄌൻߩ
ᨆ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿖߿࠹࡯ࡑࠍ໧ࠊߕㆡ↪น
ℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ࠆ߽ߩߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ(Hall [: -
⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
])‫ޕ‬
‫ߚࠇߐ␜ߢᦠᧄޔߒ߆ߒޓ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߦߪ೙ᐲߣ᡽
‫ߩᦠᧄޓ‬ਥᒛ‫ࠆࠇߐ␜ߢᦠᧄ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߩ
ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩ⋧੕૞↪ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩਇ᣿⏕ߐߦ
ਛߢ․ߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߦౝ࿷ߔࠆᮭജ
㑐ߔࠆ⺖㗴߇ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ৻╙ޕ‬㊀ⷐߥᄌ
㈩ಽߣ޿߁ౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃߇ࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㆬᅢߦᄌൻ
ᢙߩቯ⟵ߣ᷹ቯᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩᦠᧄޕ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ‫ޔ‬
ࠍ↢ߓߐߖ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲᄌൻߦ⥋ࠆ⚻〝ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ
೙ᐲ߇᦭ߔࠆ‫ⵙޟ‬㊂ߩ⒟ᐲ‫߮ࠃ߅ޠ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂
ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬HIߢߪ৻⥸⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲߦࠃߞߡ⺖
ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ᜎุߩน⢻ᕈ‫ࠗ࡜ࡊࡦࠦߚߞ޿ߣޠ‬
ߐࠇࠆ೙⚂ࠍࠕࠢ࠲࡯߇৻᭽ߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߎߣ
ࠕࡦࠬࠍ߼ߋࠆ㊀ⷐߥᄌᢙߩቯ⟵߅ࠃ᷹߮ቯߩ
ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻ
ၮḰ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ޿()‫ߩߎޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᨒ⚵
ߒߡ‫ߩᦠᧄޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ೙ᐲߦኻߔࠆࠦࡦࡊ࡜
ߺࠍ੐଀ߦㆡ↪ߒߡ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍⷰኤߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬
80
೙ᐲᄌൻߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߅ࠃ߮࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍหቯߔࠆ
‫╙ޓ‬ਃߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߣౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߩ㑐ଥᕈߢ
ߎߣ߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍ೙ᐲᄌൻ
޽ࠆ‫ߪߢᦠᧄޕ‬ౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߣᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍวࠊ
ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦ⚵ߺㄟ߻႐ว‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩᒻᚑߦ
ߖߚ৻⥸ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍߟߊࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙
ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆⷐ⚛‫ߩߎߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߢߪ
ߦߪౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߩ⺑᣿ߦ௑ᵈߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄖ
‫ޟ‬ᜎุߩน⢻ᕈ‫ߦޠ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㅪ
↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߣౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߩ
วᒻᚑ߅ࠃ߮ᚢ⇛߇೙ᐲᄌൻߦ⥋ࠆࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ
߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦߟ޿ߡචಽߦ⺑᣿߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ
ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲߦ
޿‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬೙ᐲߩ቟ቯᕈߣᄌൻࠍಽ
ࠃࠆᮭജ㈩ಽߣ㑐ㅪઃߌߡࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩㅪวᒻᚑ
ߌߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ౝ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ
߿ᚢ⇛߇᡽ᴦ⊛ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆㆊ⒟ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔ
቟ቯᕈߣᄌൻࠍ⛮⛯⊛ߦ␜ߔ႐ว‫ߩᦠᧄޔ‬ᨒ⚵
ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߺߢߪ೙ᐲߩᮭജ㈩ಽ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߦ
‫╙ޓ‬ੑߦ‫ޔ‬ᄌൻߩᄾᯏߩਇ᣿⏕ᕈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೙ᐲ
ࠃߞߡ᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂߇޿߆ߦቯ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ
ᄌൻߩේേജߣߒߡ೙ᐲߦౝ൮ߐࠇࠆᮭജ㈩ಽ
޿߁ὐ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߩਛ
ߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߇޿ߞߚࠎᚑ┙ߒ
ߢᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᛒࠊࠇࠆߩ߆ߪ᣿ࠄ
ߚᲑ㓏ߢࠕࠢ࠲࡯ߩ┙႐ߦ⋧㆑߇↢ߓࠆߎߣߦ
߆ߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃࠆᕆㅴ⊛ߥᄌൻߣౝ
ߥࠆ߇‫߇ࠄࠇߘޔ‬ᄌൻߔࠆㆊ⒟ࠍߤߎ߹ߢߐ߆
↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃࠆẋㅴ⊛ߥᄌൻߩ඙೎߇ਇ᣿⏕ߦ
ߩ߷ࠆߩ߆‫ᤨ޿ࠄߊߩߤߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㑆߇ߚߡ߫
ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᄖ↢⊛ⷐ࿃ߣౝ↢⊛ⷐ
᡽ᴦ⊛ᢥ⣂ߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃߞߡ೙ᐲᄌൻߦ⥋
࿃ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߛࡕ࠺࡞ൻ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠆߩ߆ߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬HIߦኻߔࠆઍ⴫⊛
‫⺖ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޓ‬㗴߇޽ࠆߣߪ޿߃‫ߒ␜߇ᦠᧄޔ‬
ߥᛕ್ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᄌൻߩ੍᷹⢻ജߩਇ࿷߇᜼
ߚᨒ⚵ߺߣߘߎ߆ࠄᛩߍ߆ߌࠄࠇߚ⺰ὐߪ‫ޔ‬ౝ
ߍࠄࠇࠆ߇(Peters [=: ])‫ޔ‬ᄌൻߩ
↢⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍ฽߼ߚ೙ᐲᄌൻߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ⸃᣿
ᄾᯏ߽฽߼ߚࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ⺑᣿ߢ߈ߥߌࠇ߫‫ޔ‬
ߔࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ
ẋㅴ⊛ߥ೙ᐲᄌൻࡕ࠺࡞߽⚿ዪߪ⚻〝ଐሽ⊛ߥ
ߪ‫ߢᦠᧄޔ‬ᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴߽฽߼ߚ೙ᐲᄌൻࠍ⺑
⺑᣿ߦ㒱ߞߡߒ߹߁ᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬೙
᣿ߔࠆℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥ߅ࠃ߮ታ⸽⊛⎇ⓥߢ⸃᣿ߐࠇ
ᐲᄌൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔ⻉᧦ઙ߇ᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊࠍ઻ߞ
ࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↢ߓࠆߩ߆ࠍ␜ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
註
࠺ࡘ࡞ࠤ࡯ࡓߦࠃࠆLes Règles De La Méthode Sociologique╙ੑ (ᐕ)ߩട╩ㇱಽෳᾖ‫ޕ‬
ᣂ೙ᐲ⺰ߩ⊒ዷߩ⢛᥊ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Peters [=: -]‫ޔ‬ዊ㊁[: -; -]ෳᾖ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣂ೙
ᐲ⺰ߩ൮᜝⊛ᬌ⸛ߦߟ޿ߡߪHall and Taylor []‫ޔ‬Immergut []‫ޔ‬Peters [=]‫ޔ‬ᴡ㊁[]߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎࠇߦ␠ળቇ⊛(ᣂ)೙ᐲ⺰ࠍട߃ߚਃ㘃ဳ(Hall and Taylor [], Kato [], ᑪᨋ[])߽৻⥸⊛ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
୘ੱߩㆬᅢߦᒝ޿઒ቯࠍ⟎ߊᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐߢ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪߎࠇࠍᱧผ⊛೙ᐲ⺰ߩᵹ
ࠇߦ૏⟎ઃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩធὐ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⋧੕⵬ቢ⊛㑐ଥࠍᮨ⚝ߔࠆ⼏⺰߽߅ߎߥࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬ട⮮[]߅
ࠃ߮Kato []ߢߪ㒢ቯวℂᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡRCIߣHIߩ⼏⺰ߩធὐ߇␜ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ችᧄ[]ߪRCIߣHIߩ৻ㇱߪ
ర‫ޘ‬ㄭ޿߽ߩߣߺߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩὐߪട⮮[: -; : -]ෳᾖ‫⚕ޕ‬᏷ߩㇺว਄ߎߎߢ⹦ߒߊขࠅ਄ߍߥ޿߇‫╙ޔ‬྾ߩ೙ᐲ⺰ߣ
81
ߒߡౝ↢⊛ߥᄌൻߩ⺑᣿ߦ޽ߚࠅࠕࠗ࠺ࠕ߇ᨐߚߔᓎഀߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ⸒⺑⊛೙ᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰߇޽ࠆ(ߚߣ߃
߫Schmidt [; ]‫ޔ‬ട⮮[; ; ]ෳᾖ)‫ޕ‬
ߥ߅‫ޔ‬Streek and Thelen []ߢߪ‫ޔ‬೙ᐲ߇ẋㅴ⊛ߦ፣უߔࠆߣ޿߁‫ޟ‬ᨗᷢ(exhaustion)‫ߦߟߚࠇ౉ࠍޠ‬ಽ
㘃ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㊀ጀൻߪSchickler []‫ޔ‬ォ↪ߪThelen []‫ߪ࠻ࡈ࡝࠼ޔ‬Hacker []ߦࠃߞߡዉ౉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬
ߎࠇࠄࠍ฽߼ߚẋㅴ⊛೙ᐲᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ൮᜝⊛ߦ⺰ߓߚ߽ߩߣߒߡStreek and Thelen []߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᄌᢙߩ᷹ቯ߿⹏ଔߩ࿎㔍ᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪWinder [: ]ߦࠃࠅᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
文献
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ฃⓂ ᐕ᦬ᣣ㧛ឝタ᳿ቯ ᐕ᦬ᣣ
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