石油ピーク後の食料事情 Antony F.F. Boys1

 S:7"A"Ĵ³ Ĵ³ɨVolume 3, pp. 26-30
An Electronic Journal of The MOTTAINAI Society
Online ISSN 1882-2975
%"-
Antony F.F. Boys1
źȘþ¯˘2009 Ő 8 Ơ 17 Ɨ þǶƗ˘2009 Ő 8 Ơ 24 Ɨ WEB ÍʦƗ˘2010 Ő 2 Ơ 22 Ɨ
Abstract
The advanced industrialized countries use 13-18% of their energy budget on food production and
consumption. The main components of this energy consumption are machinery, fuel, chemicals (fertilizers
and pesticides), transport, food processing, packaging, retailing, and preparation. Currently, over 10 calories
of fossil energy are used to provide each calorie of food in these countries. The decline in availability of
fossil resources, symbolized by the term Peak Oil, is a serious threat to the ability to provide food for the
global population. Countermeasures to this threat are proposed.
)
ÉʑŅƷĕEc“h™DȷǔɸʡD 13˚18ˑ]ˇƓǸǹ?ǔɸBą,="Y.Dc“h
™ǔɸD¥AɝȯEƼƳ˄ǪƓíĴɛČ˒íĴɁƓTʆɒ˓ʅʊˇČäŅìəɵĥ?
øŶʨÀA@>!Y.ZWDĕ>EˇƓ 1 e•’™]ÿBËZY7RB 10 e•’™ȕŔD
íȊɹǜ]ǔɸ1="YȊnj„™i?"#ɡɎ>ɲŤ/ZY­ŞDíȊɹǜDËŷēʵA©
ŰE¡ǽD¬ÿDˇƓ½ȳBļ3Yĩ(AɄį>!Y.DƒȟDƟŞ>6DɄįKDļȤ]
ƆƲ3Y
g™–™| ˘Ȋnj„™iˇƓǸǹȸDʻĊíĴɁƓʆɒʆƼÎʅʊ
/ ¡ǽDȊnjǹՄ™i˒Peak Oil˓?"#D
E¡ǽÌ·DŠƨěȊnjDŐʧǹÕ'Ɵĩ
?AX6DŞƽȢBǙʉ3Y.?>!Y˒ĩ
¦Â ǏʘȊnj„™i:=¸˙ùǨ˓Ȋ
nj„™i]";ʇ$Y&B;"=EƹAɞ
ɠ'!X¤BE3>B ŐB„™i]
ʓ)7&!Y"EO/BǵėȊnjǹÕƞȹ
DłʽDŏĚʙ˒ƐŐȵ*˓B"YD>EA
"&?"#ůɞS!YO7Šƨě˜ʹŠ
ƨěȊnj?ĪǧfpDǹՄ™iE Ő
O>BȊǤDǹՄ™iS ŐO>BE
ɥZY?ɡ\ZSETʗ,WZA"©ŰA
D8
..>EŠƨěȊnj61=T'=íȊ
ǪƓÌ·˒ȊnjĪǧfpȊǤ˓DǹÕ'
­¡Ȭ¤BȺT&BǙĿ1="*˒¾ư'ˍ
*AY˓¤>¡ǽTƗƦDˇƓǸǹ?Ǒʍ
A@'@DV#Aŝʼ]þ,YD&@DV
#AļȤ'?ZYD&]ƶɣ17"?ũ#
6.>O4ǵėO>Dc“h™?ˇƓD
ʨÀ]ɞ=P7"?ũ#
0.$ ,
6S6Sȭ ŐßO>EˇƓǸǹ˒ʆ
Ʒ˓]ĐQ7RDc“h™EM?^@3L
=]īʮ&Wȇƃš7?ɡ:=SɈ"8[#
ƵDZEÊăŴ>Ŵʥ1¬ʧTĺǿ'6Z]
ˇL=6Dc“h™>ǻǾ]ɀ3A@Dž
ŐDʆƷDmai“]Đ^8īʮc“h
™]ʧƃȄBÛǺ17¼E¼$FșDZ]ƀ
*7RD˅ʃTljʃ>!:7O7ǠƷE
ĘŘȶTʼnɇA@BV:=ɕA\Z761
=M?^@DˇƓEĘǹĘǔ&/M
@ʔ*A"ŇĠKşǀ!Y"EǯˌBV:=
ʒFZĥWZ7ƓǶSĞƦȄBEƤ]ǪT
3.?BV:=ɕA\Z7
ŐߪBah’p>ĮO:7ǹƷʻĊ
EȦôB"$F6ZO>¥ɝAc“h
™ǜ8:7ƴƫ'öƼȄdzǍBʭX6ZB
°\Yc“h™ǜ?1=ȊǤ]ÛǺ3Y7
RDŸɖȄAļȤ8:7?":=S""8[
1
_—{~™F.F.‰™aq ƩîĩĴĩĴʫʆĴȋȜȓʹŌëɭŊ
© S:7"A"Ĵ³
S:7"A"Ĵ³ Ĵ³ɨVolume 3, pp. 26-30
#ǹƷʻĊ¤BʦȂ/Z7ȓĴŸɖE ¡
ȬBAY?ƹAŜ>ʆƷD¤>ŨǺ/Z7
6ZEĩ(*Ö,=ƼƳí?íĴí>!Y
ɐLjƼʨEƹAƼƳ]ĀɃB1¬ʧ?ĺ
ǿDâ>ɕ:="7ºƷ]VXʎ*VXĨ*
.A3{‘iu™TØËZƼA@'ƽȢB
™•xƒTîȧDʆĠBĽË/Z=":7
1.&+!
19 ¡ȬòFD™•xƒ>EíĴȋȜ'
ʑPǦƼíĴíăDZ>SƵDZDɁƓBAX
#Y.?'\&:7?X\,Ȟȯǫe
’bDǦƼíĴíăDZ'ƵDZD¥AƯˋǜ
8?"#.?'Úƙ17DEʟɝ8:7ǵ
ėSíĴɁƓ?1=»\Z="Yǫ?e’b
E˒ɹǜEʪWZ="Y'˓ʤƷBˁ:=
"Y'ɁƓ?1=ƟSʟɝAȞȯíăDZE
M?^@ljBǞ,=1O#D>¡ǽ>EÛ
Ǻ>(Yɹǜ'ʹŌBĿA*˒¼$Fˆ“™
DǒŃBʈ"ńDj_€˒ˏȩȊ˓Tw’î
ʙDȍʞ}{’b(NaNO3)˓˗˕¡ȬÙˀB
Eɹǜ'ĸɻȄBƭǘ1=1O:7.Z>
EˇƓĢǹEʵ1"?Ȉ:7ƾȧ>E19 ¡
Ȭƥʾ&WȝLj¤BɱĻAȞȯfp]ÛǺ1
=ȞȯíăDZ]ǸŴ1V#?"#ȋȜ'ȅ^
BA:7T'=|ayD™‚™˒Fritz
Haber, 1869-1934˓' 1909 ŐB_—Ž~_
˒NH3˓DǸŴBŴã17_—Ž~_EȞ
ȯíăDZÌ·DǸŴDÕȂǥAD>/:6
*|ayD BASF ȑDȑč>!:7‰xn
˒Carl Bosch, 1874-1940˓'™‚™DǸŴǎ
]ĸǺí11913 Ő 9 ƠBƗʡ 30 {—DĎ
ƷǺŅĠ>_—Ž~_DǸǹ'ĮO:71
&1ȽŐȢšƽĩŵ'çȂ1±ʩŵ¨'
Ȱ\YO>ŅĠEɁƓǺDȎí_—Ž~_Ǹ
ǹ&WǭɒɛʏD÷Ɠ?AYȍʞ˒HNO3˓D
ǸǹB×XĦ$WZ71917 Ő 4 ƠBEņĩ
A_—Ž~_ŅĠ'|ayBŗɦ/Z1918
ŐDȰŵŞE¢ƕDŅĠ'¥BɁƓǺ_—Ž
~_DǸǹBą,WZ7
&*1= 1930 Ő°±ʩDɁƓDĩʡ»Ǻ
DǝÇ'Ƒ:7\,8'..>ʟɝADE
ǵ끙‚™˜‰xnǎ?ĉFZY.
D_—Ž~_DǸŴǎEc“h™ǔɸD
ƸR=ĩ("…•rp>!Yǥ81920 Őś
ÙȊǤ]ÛǺ17™‚™˜‰xnǎE
_—Ž~_ 1 g•j‘]Ǹǹ3YDBȭ
100MJ Dc“h™]ŧɝ?17˒ft’—
1 ’x{“Dc“h™Eȭ 32MJ˓1950 Ő
°&W_—Ž~_ǸŴD÷ƧƓ?1=Īǧ
fp]ÛǺ3YV#BAY?c“h™æǴ
''X2000 Ő°O>BEƟSc“h™
æǴD""ŅĠAW_—Ž~_ 1 g•j‘
DǸǹBŧɝAc“h™Eȭ 26MJ ȕŔB
A:71&1.DĠăE÷ƧƓSǸǹ…
•rpDc“h™ǜSĪǧfp>!Yǵ
ė>E¡ǽDĪǧfpDȷǔɸʡDȭ 5ˑ
˒ȭ 2800Gm3 ¤D 150Gm3 ȕŔ˓'_—Ž~
_ǸǹBą,WZ="Y?"#;OXȞ
ȯȫDíĴɁƓEíȊǪƓ±ħD¸DZ>SA
"\,>.Z&WǙʉ1="*íȊǪƓ]
ÛǺ1=Ǹǹ3YȞȯɁƓBV:=Ȓ79D
ˇó'Ƌ$WZ="Y.?]Ⱦ$Y?ĩĦŲ
ű3Y©Ű8?ũ#O7, _—Ž~_Eȇƃ
ǻǾBƖɁ3Y\,>EA*/WBûŨ/
5 ŀ ȯ ˒ CO(NH2)2 ˓ Ȏ ʞ _ — Ž ~ _
˒(NH4)2SO4˓Tȍʞ_—Ž~_˒NH4NO3˓
A@BʄƇ3Y'6.>/WBc“h™
]»#˒ŀȯDĠăE/WB 25MJ/kgNȎ
ʞ_—Ž~_Tȍʞ_—Ž~_DĠăE 15˚
20MJ/kgN˓
Ȟȯ˒˓Bƽ">íĴɁƓ?1=ʟɝAD
E’—˒˓?e’b˒˓>!Y
˒íĴɁ
ƓD¥ɝƯˋȯE6#"#\,>?"
#˓ǫ?e’bD½ȳEʤȊDȂƁBˁY
'’—ʤȊDƂƁBE ś7Xȭ ˚
Dc“h™źË'ŧɝ>!YʤȊ'6D
Şʓ’—ʞ˒’—ĆơǴ ˚ˑ˓BĦ$W
ZY?(BE ś7Xȭ ˚O7
’—ʞª_—Ž~b˒’—Ćơ
Ǵ ˑ’—ĶT ?ĉFZY˓BĦ
$WZY?(BE ś7X ˚ Dc
“h™źË'ŧɝ?AY ;ȆDe’b
Bʨ1=ɡ$Fġíe’b˒˓DƂƁ
BE ś7X ˚ ȕŔO7ǞɠƂýB
V:=šYĠă ś7X ˚ Dc“
h™źË'ŧɝ>!Y1&1ǫ?e’b
DʤȊE?SBơʪɹǜ>!XƂƁ3Z
F3YM@Å''X˒ƂƁDc“h™'
Ĩ*AY˓T'=ƂZA*AYDzBǫʤȊ
DŸɿE­¡ȬDòFʾO>BEǖÝAdzǍ
BAYD>EA"&?ũ\ZY
ǵėʆƷ>ǔɸ/ZYc“h™D 28ˑ
ȕŔ'íĴɁƓ?"#Ŝ>»\Z="Yº
DZ'ćü3YȞȯDȭ 40ˑ'ȞȯíĴɁƓB
V:=½ȳ/ZY¬˄'Ɖý3YȞȯDȭ
75ˑ'ºDZ˒!Y"EºDZ]ˇL7èDZ˓&
WšWZYD>¬˄Dʂ·B!Y7^G*
ɻBĆOZYȞȯDȭ 30ˑ'ȞȯíĴɁƓ&
WšWZ="Y.?BAYɡ"Ƈ$ZF
ǵėǸ(="Yȭ 67 ȬDA^? 20 Ȭ'
ȞȯíĴɁƓD%&->Ċ];A">"Yɢ
ȥ>ʋBíȊɹǜ'ƂZB**AZF¡
ǽD¬ÿ'6DÖǙY?"#©ŰBAX&C
A"
O7ğɁA@D‚ad‹pD°\XBí
ĴɁƓ]ƖɁ3Y.?>ƹAď˂'ɽ(=
"YƖɁ/ZYíĴɁƓDȞȯDȭòÖE
ƵDZBćü/Z4BʶTǣǡljBV:=ǐ"
Ǒ/ZȍʞNJƮ>ljɻDȞȯʓĨ˒ĻƯˋ
í˓]Ř(ɽ.1="YO7ĖĤDʞŪí
BV:=ĖĤ¤B!YţǸDZA@]ǃǟ/5
S:7"A"Ĵ³ Ĵ³ɨVolume 3, pp. 26-30
ĖĤ]DŽ3'.Z'ĖĤ¿ˇD÷Ē?
AY;OXíȊɹǜ]íĴɁƓBʄƇ/
57.?'¬ʧ]ĆQ3L=DǸĊB?:
=ƟSʟɝ>!YɹǜÆŖȄAĖĤD
ȌģB;A':="Y21 ¡Ȭ¤BȊnj
ĪǧfpȊǤDǹÕ'Ǚʉ1ðÖAíĴɁ
Ɠ'Ǹǹ>(A*AYD?ĄƜB¡ǽDĖ
ĤDĩò'åídzŰBʭ:=¡ǽD¬ÿBĩ
(Aŝʼ]úN3D>EA"&?ũ\ZY
1920 Ő°ƥ{bŽ•lnDƔČȖ˒ˍü
ʡČȖ˓'ăɔĕ>ĽË/ZĖĘǸǹŪD
ą]ĀɃB176ZɆ·Ec“h™ź
ËDĢäBEAWA"'DžŐƔ7BȖİ]
ɼË3Yŧɝ'!YƔČȖDĽËB¯ʯ1=
íĴɁƓʆɒƖɁ˜ƏňǺƼƳ˄Tüț
ǺDņĩ>ˍ˃AƼƳ˄SŇɵ/ZYV#B
A:7
˒c“h™ɢȥ]ɕ#ʰBEǪƓ
F&X>A*ƼƳɛʏƜDc“h™ǔɸ
SɢȥBËZA,ZFAWA"˓6DȲƬ
ǸǹʓĨ>{bŽ•lnD¾ưEžɍ1û
ʺǵʢźËɳEĢä17.ZEĖĤČɻ
DŭíB;A'Y?ĄƜB;AˇƓ]½
ȳ3Y.?BV:=Ģä3Y¬ÿ]Ƌ$7
30 Ő°Dăɔĕ>D{bŽ•lnʆƷE6
DŞ¡ǽD¥Ǒ?AYʆƷDŅƷí˒ƼƳí
íĴíʷí˓D÷ě>!:7/WB 50 Ő
°Bľː?ȗDƔČȖ'ʦȂ/ZȂŁʌ
ĕB.DV#AʆƷDʈ°í˜ŅƷí]Á1
7.Dè(EȸDʻĊ?ĉFZȏ&
BˇƓDĩōĢǹ?"#ȲƬ]S7W17
1&16Z?ĄƜBíĴɁƓDĩʡźž
'ĖĤČɻBŭŝʼ]úN1ĩʺȚDęš
ČȖ]Ʊĝ3Y.?>ºDZDȀLj?ĹɓBV
YƈĹ'ßVXĨ*AX¥BȊnj]÷Ɠ?
1=Ǹǹ/ZYƹAʆɒ˒DŽɋàDŽɓà
A@˓D»Ǻ]Áʑ/57
˒ʆɒǸǹBą,
WZYc“h™E@DȕŔAD&ƿȏA
ƐıEA"'Ǹǹ…•rpDc“h™S
ĆR=¡ǽ>Őʧȭ 600PJ˒1015J˓!7X?
Ƅǚ/Z="Y÷njBƇȥ3ZFȭ 1 È
‚”“BAYǵė¡ǽD÷njǹÕEƗʡ
ȭ 8 ñ 200 ›‚”“AD>1 Ȃ”“?"
#ʡEǹÕƗʡD 1 ƗÖŚB!7Y˓
ȂŁʌĕB%,YˇƓĢǹEM?^@D
ĠăʺȚŽĩBVYSD>EA*ʺȚś
7XDüʡĢäBV:=A/Z71961 Ő&
W 1985 ŐDʧEșDZǸǹ'ÄĢ1¬ÿĢä
Dˆ™pB;"=":7'6DŞEüʡĢ
äDƘ'ʣ*A:="YĸE
ȸDʻĊ
DǮ?1=ȈWZY‰™•™jdž˒Norman
Borlaug˓E1970 ŐD€™‡“ŏċɺþɺǢ
ɪ>ƽDV#Bɩ:="Y
ȸDʻĊEˈ$
?ɴēBļ3Y¬˄Dŵ"B%,YšƜȄA
Ŵã]é9ý:7;OX¬˄BšŬ;*Ɯ
ʧ] $7ķÌBĸƖ3ZFȸDʻĊE
­Ş 30 Őʧ¬˄BðÖǸ(="*ˇƓ]½
ȳ3Y.?'>(Y1&16Z?ĄƜB
¬˄DÑǸǹ?"#ū[1"âSŹÜ1A,
ZFAWA"/SA"?ȸDʻĊDŴã
EȉĊBȰ\Y8[#‰™•™jdžD.D
ɮĈ&WOSA* 40 Ő'ʓ)V#?1="
Y
* 1970 Ő°±ʩEƼƳ˄˒ʆƼÎ˓TíĴ
ɁƓ˜ʆɒ8,>EA*ʆƷBEĨ*Dc
“h™'»\Z="Y¼EǣǡǺʷLj
Š—…
˒Ȋnj&WǸǹ3Y˓…‘pwxiɹ
ƧTbpɦÇÒijDbpƝŶʷLjB
VYºDZD§ǬTȨȧA@'6Z>!YƗ
ƦDV#AÉʑĕ>EĕÌ·Dc“h™
ǔɸDȭ 3˚5ˑ]ʆƷÖʠ'õR="Y1
&1Ȓ79'DžƗDˇƓ]ʆĠ&WȇƃS
W:="Y\,>EA"6Z>EʆǹDZ
E@DV#Aȱʁ]7@:=Ȓ79DÿBË
YD8[#&
ʆĠ]Õ7ǸǹDZEO4ʅʊ/ZʠɌ
TƬDZDV#AǸˎˇČEŇĠ]ȱ=ľĥŒ
B£J6D®DǸǹDZE/O0OAäŅ
D…•rp]ȱ=ƒxiTǷBɧRWZ=
ľĥŒB£J.Dʅʊä҃xk™o
EĨ*Dc“h™]ǔɸ3Yʅʊʀʴ'
ȉ"äŅDŔă"'ľ/"ƒxk™o'
ȦȯASD&Wʅʊʀʴ'ʔ"ȝʅ1ä
ŅDŔă"'ĩ("ƒxk™o'ɜʳAS
DO>ÃDˇČBE6ZAXD©Ů'!
Y7RBƐʡí3Y.?EȦô>EA"
781ƽD 2 ǥ]ſƊ17"?ũ#ƒx
k™oB%,Yc“h™ǔɸDʹŌBƸȠ
A¼'!Y6DH?;E 355ml D_“ŒȻ
BË:7vacx{ˉƓ>!Y_“Œ
Ȼ 1 Ʀ]ɛʏ3YDB 6.9MJ¤ʂ]ºYD
B 2.4MJ\4& 4.2J˒1 e•’™˓DˉƓD
7RBăɢ 9.3MJ SDc“h™]ǔɸ3
YD>!Y2 ǥȆEĕʰʅʊDď˂>!
Y½ȳǩʡ˒e•’™˓>ɢȥ3ZFˇƓ
ɆȳǴȭ 40ˑDƗƦEǂXD 60ˑ]ǒħB
ˁXśǧɇ?ˆɕƼ>ǒħ&WˇƓ]ʒ^
>*YD>ĩĦAc“h™]ŧɝ?3Y
A%ǵ°ȑ³>ĸʰBˇLYƜBE/W
Bc“h™]ǔɸ1A,ZFFWA"6
ZEľĥŒ>»\ZYc“h™˒ǨƙÓ
ɑ˜ÓÔʨÀA@˓ˉˇŒ>»#c“h™
˒øŶÓɑ˜ÓÔǨƙA@˓ľĥŒTˉ
ˇŒO>D«ʍʨÀ˒şǀTɆʄʃ]ʬ*˓
O7E¶ĵ>ƓǶ]3Yc“h™˒øŶ
ÓɑŕA@˓'6Z>!Y.Dc“h™
ǔɸ?ɤDʅʊä҃xk™oD7R
Bǔɸ/ZYc“h™]ă\5ZFÉʑ
ĕDĠăEĕÌ·Dc“h™ÛǺD 10˚
13ˑBś7Y?"#ʆĠ>ȇƃ»\ZYc
“h™'ĕÌ·Dc“h™ÛǺD 3˚5ˑ
S:7"A"Ĵ³ Ĵ³ɨVolume 3, pp. 26-30
8?"#.?AWˇLY7RBEă\5=
13˚18ˑBAY60ˑDˇƓ]ʅË1c
“h™ʲȭȄAʆƷ]ɕ#˒ʆƷ¬ÿ'ĿA
"˓ƗƦE¡ǽDĕD¤>Sˍ"ƕ>
17ˑߪ?/ZY.ZEft’—BƇȥ
3ZF 1,200 Ȓx{“;OXƗƦDft
’—DȷʸɝD 1.7 ÄȕŔB!7Y‚”“
BƇȥ3ZFȭ 7.6 ų‚”“;OXƗƦD
Őʧ÷njʅËȭ 18.5 ų‚”“D 40ˑȕŔDʡ
B!7YƗƦDc“h™ɆȳǴE÷İ
âȂʷ]ĕÐǸǹ?ɢȥ3ZFȭ 17ˑ˒b‘
—]ǒħBˁY?"#.?>÷İâȂʷ]ĕ
ÐǸǹ&Wħ5FɆȳǴE+:?ž':=
5ˑ?AY˓.DV#BPZF¡ǽȊnj˒í
Ȋɹǜ˓DǹՄ™i]ɾ$="*¤ƣŁƢ
?1=DƗƦDˇƓB&&\Yc“h™
©ŮEĩĦǖÝASD>!Y?1&ɡ"ƹ'
A"8[#
O7Ȓ79'ˇLY.?Bʨ1=íȊ
ɹǜB"&Bˁ:="Y&]Ȑ3S#š;D
z™u'!YǵėÉʑĕ>E1 e•’™
]ÿBËZY7RB 10 e•’™ȕŔDíȊ
ɹǜ]ǔɸ1="Y?"#SD8Ȋnj„™
iŞÉʑĕDˇƓ©ŮEƬ71=ĩœĬA
D8[#&
2.'
/=ɤDɯɬDȲƬȊnj]ĆQíȊ
ǪƓ]ÛǺ1=ʆƷ˒ˇƓǸǹ˓TˇČǹƷ
Ì·DŅƷí]Ĕ:=(7¬˄'"V"V
¤ƣŁƢ?1=íȊɹǜDǙʉƣ]ʇ$7ǵ
Ȋnj„™iŞDď˂
ʆƼÎ?6DǪƓ
íĴɁƓʆɒ
ʷLj
ʅʊ
ˇČäŅ
ƒxk™o
øŶ
Óɑ˜ÓÔ
ėĩĦA„—wBʭ:7.?'Ƕɠ>(7
.??ũ#ɏȿ?1=S!YȕŔDɠ
NjȤ]Ȑ/A,ZFǦɶ²&?ũ\ZYD
>žɤBɗDŜ>ɤDɯɬDŠa—{?
­ŞȾ$WZYļȤ]Ȑ17"?ũ#
(#
Kimbrell, Andrew (ed.), Fatal Harvest: The
Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture, Island Press,
2002. ĩě>ˍ¾˒US$75˓AƦ8'ʆ
ƷDŅƷíBʨ3Yȃȓ©ÏDV#Aâº
Smil, Vaclav, Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber,
Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World
Food Production, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 2001. ɁƓ?1=»\ZYȞȯ
Dǁā?ťőȄAÖƪʆƷ?c“h™
ÖʠD¡ǽȄAƻįȿD 1 ¬BVYɞ©A
Ĝȣ
Montgomery, David R., Dirt: The Erosion of
Civilizations, University of California Press,
2007. ƒƙDȅɘB%,YĖĤǓˇD&&
\X?ǁāO7ǵ°¡ǽDdzǍ]ŏƚA
ɡɎʕ">ɠɪ17šɫBÅ3YƦ>!
Y
_—{~™ F.F. ‰™aqɏƗƦB%,Yʆ
Ʒ?c“h™21 ¡ȬDˇƓ©Ů]Ⱦ$
Y 8 ŐßDżº8'ɉ˜ċƒ?SB
ɏȿ HP˒http://www9.ocn.ne.jp/~aslan/˓>Ë
ŷĀ
Ⱦ$WZYļȤ
ˇƓǸǹ?ȡă1A"‚adcu€™“‚adz`™s“DǸǹ˒ˇ
Ɠ?ȡă1A"ƴƫ˜ǛĘA@DžȵĀɃAÛǺBV:=cu€™
“]Ǹǹ3Y7RD‚ad‹p]üț˓3Ycu€™“DĠăEǵ
IJDÐǪƼʨ]ȦôBƌʏ1=»#.?'>(YʥƣȄBEĺǿ
]ÛǺ3Y˒ˀƐ]ĢT3DBƜʧ'&&Y˓
ğɁA@]ÛǺ3Y6D7RBEʆƷDŅƷíD…•rpD¤>
Ř(ʴ/Z7ƵDZʆƷ˒ɀȖ˓?ĺǿʆƷ˒ˋǿ˓]Ñȴă1Ǘă
ʆƷ]ɕ#.?˒U:*XȔɕ3Y¹ɚ'!ZFüʡ]Ŧʛ3Y.
?E/M@A"˓
ʆɒ'ŧɝAWơƼʆƷT´ȴʆǎDSD˒ƤʜǕA@˓]ÛǺ3
Y
īʮÊȂʷ˅âȂʷľɟƺljâȂʷA@6Z'>(A"Ġă
´ȴȄAƕǎ˒¼$FȧDĠăĪƗŎ1ŷèƼƳ>ɅșȨȧ˓
Ƹâ1A"ĘǹĘǔ1&1ƗƦDˇƓʅË'ď˂
´ȴȄäŅ˒Ȃʝ˜ÂIJˇČA@˓±ħE÷Þ?1=1A"?X7
=DƔˎAˇƧ]Ëŷ1=ɆÖ>ƓǶ3Y.?'ĞƦ?AY
÷Þ?1=1A"ƔˎAˇƧ]ɷ:7WɆßD‚xj>ž9ŋY
Ƥ‚adfpīʮÊA@]ÛǺ3Y
ÓɑŕA@īʮ˜˅â˜ljâȂʷA@>ÛǺ3Y
S:7"A"Ĵ³ Ĵ³ɨVolume 3, pp. 26-30
ƗƦDzơDď˂
¡ǽDɀĘ
¡ǽD¬ÿ
ôȮɢȥ>E½ȳǩʡ‡™pDȭ 60ˑB!7YʅˡČ>ˋ$YD
E¬ÿD 6 áȕŔ>!Y6ZEƗƦD 10 ›¬±D¬ÿ]Ż$
YʚŇD¶LJÌč?ĄƐ8ƗƦDˇƓɆȳǴ]-YDEśǧ8'
ĄƜB¬ÿ'ɆǧBǙ:="*.?]V1?1A,ZFAWA"6
Z>SƗƦDˇƓɆȳǴ' 100ˑBʈ<*DEƐ 10 ŐÉ?ũ\ZY
D>6ZO>EʅËBˁW0Y]šA"6ZB;"=E¡ǽÌ
·DˇƓŮê]Ⱦ$A,ZFAWA"˒žɤD 2 ʿȆ˓
ĕʐˇȪʆƷƼʨ˒FAO˓DȴɢBVZF¡ǽDɀĘʺȚEȭ 14.6
ų†iu™“˒ha˓>ǰɊĘ?ĺǿǺºDZDʺȚEȭ 35 ų ha 8?
"#1&1ĄƜBɀĘD 3 ÖD 1 >Ʊĝ/Z="YșDZ'ĺǿˊ
ƓBAY¬ʧDƵDZǼƨDºDZ]Ʊĝ3YʺȚE 10 ų ha řBA:
7˖¬]ˋ#ºDZ]Ʊĝ3YDB 0.2ha 'ʖś?"#AWF¡ǽD
¬ÿ˒ǵėȭ 67 Ȭ˓E3>BĨ3)YD>ƽDV#Aƅȼ'ŧɝ˘
1˔ĺǿB¬ʧDˇƓ?ȡă3YșDZˊƓ] $A"
2˔ǰɊĘ>ˊ"(ZA"ĺǿ]ˊ\A"˒èDZŪˇČDǔɸ]ǙW3˓
3˔¡ǽÌ·DɀĘ>ǔɸ/Z="Yc“h™˒íĴɁƓA@]ĆQ˓
]ƽȢBǙW1ơƼʆǎA@DŸɖ>ĖĤ]đŢ/5Y
˒ɤD 3 ǥ]ƴƫÂɰ˜đŢ?ă\5=ƔȸDʻĊ?ĉI7"˓
¡ǽ>Ɖý/ZYˇƓEǵė 1 ¬ś7X 1 Ɨŏę 2800 e•’™8'
10 Ȭ±'ðÖAˇƓ]š="A".DǑʍD_—‚‘—p]ƛ
ƿ3Yŧɝ'!Y1&1ˇƓĢǹ'¬ÿĢä]ĉJ?"#.?]
ȢªƽĩŵŞD 60 ŐʧDǁāEȐ1="Yĕʐ?Ăĕƍœ'¬ÿD
ŹÜ˜ǙĿƍȤ]¼$FĕʐDž>ɕ\A,ZFAWA"˒»"
7"¬BʗĭÎ]½ȳ16D®ÕǸǴ]µž/5YƍȤƎɂȑ
³ÂʱïȁKD_irpA@]ɭ2Yŧɝ'!Y˓