2011
Annual Report
2011
Cryogenic Research Center
University of Tokyo
ᐔᚑ ᐕᐲૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᐕႎ
᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
⴫⚕
਄㧦㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲㧔EDLT㧕ߩᮨᑼ࿑
ਅ㧦EDLT ߦࠃࠆ㔚⇇⺃⿠⿥વዉ
⎇ⓥࡁ࡯࠻ P23‫ޟ‬ጀ⁁‛⾰ߦࠃࠆ㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬
ߦ㑐ㅪ⸥੐ឝタ
Ꮞ 㗡 ⸒
ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳 ⑔ጊ ኡ
ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ㧔2011 ᐕᐲ㧕ߩ᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᐕႎࠍ߅ዯߌߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥߊ‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕᐲߩૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᵴേߦᦨ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔ
ᚑ 23 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 11 ᣣߦ⊒↢ߒߚ᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴᓟߩ㔚ജෂᯏߢߒߚ‫ߩࡓ࠙࡝ࡋޕ‬
ᶧൻߦᔅⷐߥ㔚ജߩᄢㇱಽߪ࿁෼ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓࠟࠬ߅ࠃ߮ᶧൻᯏ↪ߩ࿶❗ᯏߦ૶
߁㔚ജߢ‫▵ޔ‬㔚ߪᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓଏ⛎㊂ߩૐਅߦ⋥⚿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬5 ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ 8
᦬਄ᣨ߹ߢߩ㑆ߪ‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬ᄢဳ⾂ᮏ߆ࠄዊဳኈེߦᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓࠍല₸ࠃߊ
⒖ㅍߔࠆߚ߼ߩ᳹ߺ಴ߒࡐࡦࡊߩ᡿㓚߇㊀ߥߞߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬7 ᦬ߪㅢᏱߩ 4 ഀ
߽ᷫߩଏ⛎೙㒢ࠍⴕࠊߑࠆࠍᓧ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫⊝ߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ࡓ࠙࡝ࡋޕ‬᭽ߦߪ
ᄙᄢߥߏㅅᖺࠍ߅߆ߌߒߚߎߣࠍ‫ߩߎޔ‬႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡ߅⹟߮ߒ߹ߔ‫ߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬࿎㔍ߩਛߢ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߩ⊝
᭽߇಴ߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߇‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࡁ࡯࠻߿౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥቶ⎇ⓥታ❣ႎ๔ߣߒߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᐕႎߦ෼߼ࠄࠇߡ
޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪ߆ߟߊ޿ߩߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 5 ᣣߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥ੤ᵹળߩᏨߢ߽‫ޔ‬
⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⎇ߩߘޕ‬ⓥ੤ᵹળߢߪ‫ޔ‬2 ᐕㅪ⛯ߢᅚᕈ⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ࡌࠬ࠻ࡊ࡟
࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠕࡢ࡯࠼ࠍฃ⾨ߒߚߎߣ߽‫ߥ࡞ࡃ࡯ࡠࠣޔ‬ᄢቇࠍᮡ᭙ߔࠆᧄቇߦ⋧ᔕߒ޿಴᧪੐ߛ
ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫੹ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪࡐࠬ࠲࡯࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⸳ߌ‫߽࠼࡯ࡢࠕ࡮࡯࠲ࠬࡐ࠻ࠬࡌޔ‬ᣂ⸳
ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߐߡ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᛛⴚ⡯ຬߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬㔚ജෂᯏߣ⸳஻ߩਇ⺞ߦᝄࠅ࿁ߐࠇߚ 7 ᦬߹ߢߢߒߚ
߇‫ޔ‬ዋߒߢ߽ᄙߊߩᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓࠍ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߩᚻరߦዯߌࠃ߁ߣ‫ޔ‬ભᣣ಴ൕ߽෤ࠊߕᦨༀߩദജࠍ⛯
ߌߡߊࠇߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ࡓ࠙࡝ࡋޔ‬ᶧൻᯏߩㆇォࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩᦨㆡൻ߇ㅴ߻ߣ޿߁ᬺോᡷༀ
߇ߥߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩᶧൻᯏߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕߩᓟඨ߆ࠄᧄᩰㆇ↪ࠍᆎ߼ߚ߽ߩߢߔ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߔߋ
ߦ⡯ຬߩᕆㅦߥ਎ઍ੤ઍᤨᦼ߇ᆎ߹ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬⢻ജࠍᒁ߈಴ߒಾࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚㇱಽ߇޽
ߞߚࠃ߁ߢߔ‫ߩࡓ࠙࡝ࡋޕ‬ᶧൻ࿁෼ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪᏂᄢߥૐ᷷ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢߔ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬⡯ຬߩᛛ
ⴚߩ⛮ᛚߣߐࠄߥࠆะ਄߇‫ޔ‬ኙ೷ߩ቟ቯଏ⛎ߦߪᰳ߆ߖߥ޿ⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍౣ⹺⼂ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬
9 ᦬߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ૶↪ᢱ㊄ࠍ▚ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⺖㊄ᣇᑼࠍ‫ޔ‬㐳ᐕណ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ߽ߩ߆ࠄࠃࠅว
ℂ⊛ߢฃ⋉⠪⽶ᜂߩේೣߦ┙ߞߚ߽ߩߦᡷ⸓ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᡷ⸓ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇ቇౝኙ೷㔛
ⷐߦᔕ߃ߡ੐ᬺࠍ⊒ዷߐߖߡࠁߊ਄ߢ⽷ോߩ␆ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ਅඨᦼߦߪ‫ߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ‬ᣰ
⋓ߥ㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠆ૕೙߇ᢛ޿‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲో૕ߩᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓଏ⛎㊂ߪ೨ᐕᐲߣ߶߷หߓ 22 ਁ 5
ජ࡝࠶࠻࡞ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕᐲߪᕟࠄߊߎࠇࠍᄢ߈ߊ਄࿁ࠆ߽ߩߣ੍ᗐߐࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᶧ૕⓸⚛ߩᣇߪ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱᬺ⠪߆ࠄᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߇৻᜝⾼౉ߒߚᶧ૕⓸⚛ࠍዊಽߌ࡮㈩㆐ߔࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬
ଏ⛎೙㒢ߥߤߩᷙੂߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޔࠈߒ߻ޕ‬5ޯ6 ᦬ᦼߦߪ㔛ⷐ߇િ߮ߡ‫ ߎߎޔ‬10 ᐕ㑆એ਄ߦ
ࠊߚࠅ㘻๺௑ะߦ޽ߞߚᐕ㑆ଏ⛎㊂߇ 1 ഀએ਄Ⴧടߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㔚ജෂᯏߩᓇ㗀ߢ‫ޔ‬ቇౝ㔚ജߦ㗬ࠄ
ߥ޿಄ළᣇᴺߣߒߡᶧ૕⓸⚛߇⷗⋥ߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔߢࠈߎߣޕ‬ቇౝߢߪᑪ‛Ꮏ
੐ߥߤߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ኙ೷㓸㈩႐ᚲ߇৻ቯᦼ㑆૶↪ߢ߈ߥߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠃߊ⿠ߎࠅ߹ߔ‫ࡓ࠙࡝ࡋߪ޿ࠆ޽ޕ‬
࿁෼⚐ᐲ߇ᕆᷫߒߚߣ߈ߥߤ࿁෼㈩▤ߩṳࠇតߒߩߚ߼ߦ‫✕ޔ‬ᕆߦฦㇱዪߩᑪ‛ౝߦ౉ࠆᔅⷐ߽಴ߡ
߈߹ߔ‫߿ᤨ࡞ࡉ࡜࠻ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ฦ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߣᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ㑆ࠍขࠅᜬߞߡ޿ߚߛߊᓎഀࠍᦼᓙߒߡ‫ޔ‬
ᑪ‛Ფߦ⸘ 54 ฬߩኙ೷▤ℂㅪ⛊ᜂᒰ⠪ࠍ᳿߼ᆔབྷߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
1
1
౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷ߢߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ࿾ਅߩ 2 ቶ㧔ߘࠇߙࠇ 27.5 m2㧕ࠍᢛ஻ߒߡ౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥቶߣߒߚ
ߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 20 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߩ 149 m2 ߆ࠄ 271 m2 ߳ߣ✚㕙Ⓧߪ୚ടߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬3 㓏ߩᣥ࿑ᦠቶ
ࠍᡷୃߒߡ‫౒ޔ‬ห೑↪⠪߇᳇シߦ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯߿ᛂߜวࠊߖ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ભᙑ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁‫౒ޔ‬ห೑↪࠮ࡒ
࠽࡯ቶߣห⺣⹤ቶࠍᣂߚߦᢛ஻ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩ PPMS ߣ MPMS ߪ‫౉⾼ޔ‬ᓟߘࠇߙࠇ 13 ᐕߣ
16 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߒ‫ޔ‬ᕈ⢻⊛ߦߪᤨઍㆃࠇߩᗵ߇ุ߼߹ߖࠎ߇㧔ᦝᣂࠍ᭎▚ⷐ᳞ਛ㧕‫ୃߩ⟎ⵝޔ‬ℂߣᢛ஻߇
ⴕ߈ዯ޿ߚߚ߼߆ᐔᣣߩ೑↪₸ߪ 100%ߣߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫৻ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ㅪߩᢛ஻߽‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲߘߒߡ੹ᐕᐲ
ߣ 2 Ბ㓏ߢ೑↪ᢱ㊄ߩᡷቯࠍㆇ༡ᆔຬળߢ߅⹺߼޿ߚߛ޿ߚߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᢛ஻⾌↪߇⏕଻ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ߥߞߚߚ߼ߢߔ‫ోޕ‬ቇ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߳㈩ಽߐࠇࠆㆇ༡⾌੤ઃ㊄߇Ფᐕቯ㗵ߢᷫ㗵ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⃻⁁ߢߪ‫ߎޔ‬
߁ߒߚฃ⋉⠪⽶ᜂߩᣇะᕈߪㆱߌࠄࠇߥ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷ߢߪ‫⮮ޔ‬੗ഥᢎ߇ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 1 ᦬ඨ߫߆ࠄ 3 ᦬ᧃ߹ߢߩ 2 ࡩ᦬ඨ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ࡮
⚵❱⊛⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪╬ᶏᄖᵷ㆜ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ(ਥߚࠆታᣉㇱዪߪℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼‛ℂቇኾ᡹)ߩេഥࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬
㜞᷷⿥વዉߦ㑐ߔࠆ࿷ᄖ⎇ⓥࠍࠞ࠽࠳࡮ࠪࡖ࡯ࡉ࡞࠶ࠢᄢቇߦߡⴕ޿߹ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߦ⾗ߔࠆߣ
ߎࠈ߇ᄢߣᦼᓙߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
੹ᐕᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ቯᐕㅌ⡯෸߮ౣ㓹↪ᦼ㑆ḩੌߦ઻߁⵬లੱ੐ߢ‫ޔ‬4 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ 2 ฬߩᛛⴚ⡯ຬ(౒ห೑↪
ㇱ㐷ߣߪᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷ߩᜂᒰ)߇ᣂߚߦ⌕છߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬੐ോቶߢߪ‫ޔ‬4 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦౣ㓹↪⡯ຬ 1
ฬߩ⌕છߣ 7 ᦬ 1 ᣣߦ 1 ฬߩੱ੐⇣േ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⡯ຬߩ੤ઍ߇ㅴ߻ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ⌕ታ
ߦߘߩਛりࠍ৻ᣂߒߟߟ޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
2
2
⋡ᰴ
Ꮞ㗡⸒࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
⑔ጊኡ㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳㧕
⎇ⓥࡁ࡯࠻
٤㜞ኒᐲബ⿠ඨዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶᱜሹ♽ߩ⋧ォ⒖࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
㋈ᧁ೰‫ޔ‬ፉ㊁੫㧔ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹㧕
٤⿥ૐ᷷⿛ᩏ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞㗼ᓸ㏜ߢߺࠆࠣ࡜ࡈࠔࠗ࠻ߩ⴫㕙㊂ሶ‛ᕈ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
᧻੗᦮⵨‫⑔ޔ‬ጊኡ㧔ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹㧕
٤ඨዉ૕ࠍ↪޿ߚബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߩ⎇ⓥ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ၳಾᥓਯ‫ޔ‬ጊᧄ༑ਭ‫ޔ‬੖␹⌀㧔࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲ‫ޔ‬ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹‫ޔ‬
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮శ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕
٤ ጀ ⁁ ‛ ⾰ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ 㔚 ᳇ ੑ ㊀ ጀ ࠻ ࡜ ࡦ ࠫ ࠬ ࠲ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ᒛᅂഹ‫ޔ‬ฟഒᝈ‫ޔ‬ጤ૒⟵ብ㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㊂
ሶ⋧ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕
٤⏛᳇ജ႐ࠍ↪޿ߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ਛ᧛㗼‫ޔ‬ᄢႦᷕ‫ޔ‬ች࿦ஜ৻‫↰ޔ‬ਯୖఝ㧔ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇ
ኾ᡹࡮㘩ຠ↢‛᭴ㅧቇ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
٤඙ಽᮡ⼂ᴺߦࠃࠆࡑ࡞࠴࠼ࡔࠗࡦ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߩ 0/4 ⸃ᨆ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
Ḋ㓶৻‫ޔ‬਄↰ථ⷗‫↸ޔ‬ጊ㤗ሶ‫ޔ‬᎑↰৻ᄦ‫ޔ‬ጤ੗⑲ᄦ㧔⮎ቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮↢๮‛
ℂൻቇᢎቶ‫ޔ‬+PUVKVWVGQH$KQVGEJPQNQI[࡮7PKXGTUKV[QH*GNUKPMK㧕
౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥቶ⎇ⓥታ❣ႎ๔
٤ࠗࡊࠪࡠࡦဳ㉄ൻ㋕࠽ࡁᓸ☸ሶߩ⋧ォ⒖⃻⽎ߦ߅ߌࠆᒻ⁁ଐሽᕈ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ㧔ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹㧕 ٤ᬀ‛ࡎ࡞ࡕࡦฃኈ૕ߩାภવ㆐೙ᓮߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
↢‛೙ᓮൻቇ⎇ⓥቶ㧔ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹㧕 ٤(CDTKECVKQPQHPV[RGHGTTQOCIPGVKEUGOKEQPFWEVQT
+P(G#U࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
↰ਛ⎇ⓥቶ㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹㧕
٤ࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩવዉߣᔕ↪࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᨴ⼱࡮㑐⼱⎇ⓥቶ㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹㧕 ٤ᯏ⢻ᕈ㉄ൻ‛᧚ᢱࠍ↪޿ߚࡃࠗࠝ࠮ࡦࠪࡦࠣ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
↰⇌⎇ⓥቶ㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ࡃࠗࠝࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣኾ᡹㧕 ٤ǫ✢ᬌ಴↪⿥વዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦࠨߩ㐿⊒࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
㜞ᯅ⎇ⓥቶ㧔Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ේሶജ࿖㓙ኾ᡹㧕 ౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ࡝ࠬ࠻࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷⎇ⓥታ❣ႎ๔࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
⮮੗ᱞೣ㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷㧕 ౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷ᬺോႎ๔࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᚭ↰੫㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷㧕
ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷ᬺോႎ๔࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
㒙ㇱ⟤⃍㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷㧕
ߘߩઁߩᵴേႎ๔
⎇ⓥ੤ᵹળ࡮೑↪⠪ᙣ⺣ળ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
቟ో⻠⠌ળ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᛛⴚࡁ࡯࠻
٤ౝㇱ♖⵾ེߩ⸳ቯ᧦ઙߣ♖⵾ࠟࠬਛߩਇ⚐‛Ớᐲ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᚭ↰੫㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷㧕
⡯ຬ⎇ୃ
٤‫ޟ‬㜞࿶ࠟࠬ଻቟ᴺ઎ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸵น࡮ዯ಴ߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫⺑ޠ‬᣿ળ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
㒙ㇱ⟤⃍㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷㧕
٤↢↥ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲᵹ૕࠹ࠢࡁቶ⷗ቇ‫ ╙ޔ‬࿁಄ಓㇱળ଀ળ㨪ⓨ᳇ಽ㔌ⵝ⟎⻠⠌ળ࡮
ᶧ㉄ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻⷗ቇળ㨪‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ㧔ᣓ⋚ೋ⚖ࠦ࡯ࠬ㧕࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᔒ᧛⧘⴩㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷㧕
٤ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ⎇ୃ㧔ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㧕
‫ ╙ޔ‬࿁ಽሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᛛⴚ⎇ⓥળ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ട⨃↱⾆㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷㧕
ฦ⒳ᆔຬળ࡮࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎ⡯ຬฬ★࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
߅⍮ࠄߖ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
✬㓸ᓟ⸥࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮
ᦺశ ᢕ㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ಎᢎ᝼㧕
⎇ⓥࡁ࡯࠻
㧗ᐦᗘບ㉳༙ᑟయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ┦㌿⛣ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ
⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉࣭≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
㕥ᮌ๛ࠊᓥ㔝ு
༙ᑟయ୰࡟ගບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡣࠊ ᗘ࣭ບ㉳ᐦᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊບ㉳Ꮚ࢞ࢫ࣭㟁ᏊṇᏍࣉࣛࢬ࣐࣭
㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮయ㸦ᾮ⁲㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓከᵝ࡞┦ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ┦ࡢⓎ⌧ᶵᵓࡸ┦㌿⛣ࢲ
࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ࿘Ἴᩘᖏࡢ᫬㛫ศゎศගࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡓ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ
༙ᑟయ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢከᵝ࡞㟁Ꮚ┦
Ⓨᒎࡋࠊᅛయ≀⌮࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎᗈ࠸ศ㔝࡛ᛂ⏝ࡀ㐍
༙ᑟయ࡟㐺ᙜ࡞Ἴ㛗ࡢගࢆ↷ᑕࡍࡿ࡜ࠊఏᑟᖏ
ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ༙ᑟయࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ◊✲ࡍࡿ࠺࠼
࡟㟁Ꮚࡀࠊ౯㟁Ꮚᖏ࡟ṇᏍࡀྠᩘ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ
࡛ࡶ኱ኚ᭷ຠ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡣࠊ ᗘ࡜ᐦᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ບ㉳ᏊẼయࠊ
[4-6]ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀࡇࡢࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ᫬㛫㡿ᇦ
㟁ᏊṇᏍࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮయ㸦ᾮ⁲㸧࡜࠸ࡗ
ศගἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓ Si ୰࡟ගບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㟁Ꮚ
ࡓከᙬ࡞┦ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[1-3]ࠋ
ṇᏍ⣔ࡢ┦㌿⛣⌧㇟ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ Si ࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ┦ᅗࢆᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࠋ
ᶓ㍈ࡀ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࠊ⦪㍈ࡀ ᗘࢆ⾲ࡍࠋᐦᗘ
ࡀ༑ศప࠸㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ࡜ṇᏍࡣࢡ࣮ࣟࣥᘬຊ
࡟ࡼࡾ஫࠸࡟ᘬࡁ௜ࡅ࠶࠸ࠊບ㉳Ꮚ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ᮰
⦡≧ែࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋບ㉳ᏊࡣỈ⣲ཎᏊ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ 1Sࠊ
2P ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽఩ࢆᣢࡕࠊ⤖ᬗ୰ࢆືࡃ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᭷㝈ࡢᑑ࿨ࢆᣢࡘ⢏Ꮚ(‽⢏Ꮚ)࡛࠶
ࡿࠋບ㉳Ꮚࡣ㟁Ẽⓗ࡟୰ᛶ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊບ㉳ᏊẼయࡢ
┦ࡣ⤯⦕య࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐦᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊບ㉳Ꮚࢆ
ᵓᡂࡍࡿ㟁Ꮚ࡜ṇᏍ㛫ࡢࢡ࣮ࣟࣥᘬຊࡣ࿘ࡾࡢ㟁
ᏊṇᏍ࡟㐽ⶸࡉࢀࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡣ஋㞳ࡋ࡚㟁ᏊṇᏍࣉ
ࣛࢬ࣐࡜࠸࠺㔠ᒓ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢᐦᗘୖ᪼࡟క
ᅗ㸯㸬Si ࡟࠾ࡅࡿගບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ
ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
࠺⤯⦕య㔠ᒓ㌿⛣ࢆບ
ᗘ-ᐦᗘ┦ᅗࠋ㟷ࡢⅬ⥺ࡀࢹࣂ࢖㸫ࣄࣗࢵࢣ
୍᪉ࠊ ᗘࡀ༑ศపࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⣔ࡢ≧ែࡀ┦ᅗࡢ
ࣝ㏆ఝ࡟ࡼࡿບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣᭤⥺ࢆ⾲ࡋࠊỈ
㉥ᐇ⥺ࡢෆഃࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠊ✵㛫ⓗ࡟୍ᵝ࡞㟁
ⰍࡢⅬ⥺ࡀ஘㞧఩┦㏆ఝ࡟ࡼࡿບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ
ᏊṇᏍࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡀࠊᐦᗘࡢ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ
㌿⛣᭤⥺ࢆ⾲ࡍ[7]ࠋ㉥࠸ᐇ⥺ࡣẼ┦ᾮ┦ࡢ஧
⁲࡜ບ㉳Ꮚ࢞ࢫ࡟┦ศ㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
┦ඹᏑ᭤⥺ [8]ࠋ
Ẽ┦ᾮ┦㌿⛣࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
ࡇࢀࢆ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿẼ
ບ㉳Ꮚᙧᡂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ
༙ᑟయࡢගບ㉳⌧㇟ࡣࠊග࣭㟁ẼගᏛࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ
Si ࡣ㛫᥋㑄⛣ᆺ༙ᑟయ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍࡢ
ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ௨ୖ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ㔞Ꮚከయ⣔ࡢ≀⌮࡜
㍽ᑕᑑ࿨ࡀప ࡛ࡣ⣙ 2Ps ࡜㛗࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊග
ࡋ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⢭ຊⓗ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚
ࣃࣝࢫບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㟁Ꮚ࡜ṇᏍࡣᑐᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ๓࡟⤖
ࡁࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ᫬㛫㡿ᇦศගἲ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ
ᬗ᱁Ꮚ࡜‽⇕ᖹ⾮≧ែ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ๓㏙ࡢ
ࡿప࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㡿ᇦ(1 THz~4 meV)ࡢศගᢏ⾡ࡀ
┦ᅗୖ࡛⢭⦓࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡍࡿࡢ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSi ࡢ
6
6
ບ㉳Ꮚ᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࠊ14.4 meV ࡛࠶ࡾࠊບ㉳
ࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ⌮ㄽィ⟬࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣭ࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ┦஫స
Ꮚࡢ 1S ≧ែ࠿ࡽ 2P ≧ែ࡬ࡢ㑄⛣ࡣ⣙ 12 meV(~3
⏝ࢆ㸰ḟࡢᦤື࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊ㟁Ꮚ࣭ṇᏍࡑࢀ
THz)࡟࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸰(a)࡟ࣃࣝࢫᖜ 30 fs ࡢගࣃࣝࢫ
ࡒࢀࡀ㛵୚ࡍࡿࣇ࢛ࣀࣥࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡋࡓࠋ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣂࣥࢻ㛫ගບ㉳ࡋࡓሙྜࡢࠊගບ㉳ᚋࡢ
㟁Ꮚ࡜ྛࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢᙉࡉࢆ♧ࡍࣃࣛ
ྛ᫬้࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏㄏ㟁⋡ᐇ㒊'HࠊගᏛ
࣓࣮ࢱࡣᩥ⊩್ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗ
ఏᑟᗘ'Vࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ᱁Ꮚ ᗘࡣ 30 Kࠊ㟁
ࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦ᅗ 2(b)ᐇ⥺㸧ࠊ࢔ࢪࣕࢫࢱࣈࣝࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ
ᏊṇᏍᑐࡢᐦᗘࡣ 1.1™1016 cm-3 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋບ㉳┤
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆࡼࡃ෌⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜
ᚋࡢ 10 ps ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡣࠊ⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢᛂ⟅
ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⌮ㄽィ⟬࡜ࡢẚ㍑࠿ࡽࠊ㟁Ꮚ⣔
ࢆྂ඾ⓗ࡟グ㏙ࡍࡿࢻ࣮ࣝࢹࣔࢹࣝ㸦ᅗ୰ᐇ⥺㸧
ࡢࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ⦆࿴㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗 ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ࡟ࡣ
࡟ࡼࡾ෌⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊගບ㉳┤ᚋࡣ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡣ⮬
ࣂࣥࢻ㛫ࡢࣇ࢛ࣀࣥࡀࠊṇᏍ࡟ࡣࣂࣥࢻෆࡢ↓ᴟ
⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ'Vࡢࢫ࣌
ᛶගᏛࣇ࢛ࣀࣥࡀ୺࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࠊప ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚṇ
ࢡࢺࣝࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊගບ㉳ᚋ 10 ps ࠿ࡽ 400 ps ࡟࠿
ࡅ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࢻ࣮ࣝࢹᛂ⟅ᡂศࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ௦ࢃ
ࡾ࡟⣙ 12 meV ࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡᵓ㐀ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࣆ࣮ࢡࡣࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S㸫2P 㑄⛣࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ග⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࠿ࡽບ㉳Ꮚࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ
ࡿᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ400 ps ௨㝆࡛ࡣࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ
ᙧ≧ࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ᫬㛫࡛ࡣບ㉳Ꮚࡢ
ᙧᡂࡀ᏶஢ࡋࠊ⣔ࡀ‽⇕ᖹ⾮≧ែ࡟㐩ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ
♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Si ࡛ບ㉳Ꮚᙧᡂࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆほ ࡋࡓᐇ㦂
ࡣࡇࢀࡀึࡵ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊពእࡔࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊບ㉳
Ꮚࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᩘⓒࣆࢥ⛊࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㛗࠿࠸᫬㛫ࢆせࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ࡞ࢇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸽
㐣ཤࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽ㟁Ꮚ㸫㟁Ꮚᩓ஘ࡢ᫬㛫ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡣ
⣙ 1 ps ࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
ほ ࡉࢀࡓ㛗࠸ບ㉳Ꮚᙧᡂ᫬㛫ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ㟁Ꮚᩓ஘
࡟ࡼࡾ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡀ‽⇕ᖹ⾮࡟⮳ࡿ᫬㛫࡛ࡣㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ
࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ᱁Ꮚ᣺ື㸦ࣇ࢛ࣀ
ࣥ㸧࡜ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜
ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊᡃࠎࡣࠊᐇ㦂࣭⌮ㄽ୧㠃࠿ࡽࠊ
㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ෭༷ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆồࡵࠊẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ㸰㸬(a)᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 30 Kࠊບ㉳ᐦᗘ 1.1™1016
ᐇ㦂ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ෭༷ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆồࡵࡿ᪉ἲ
cm-3 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊㄏ㟁⋡ᐇ㒊㸦ᕥ㸧࡜ගᏛఏᑟ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࠊྛ᫬้࡛ࢻ࣮ࣝࢹࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࣇ
ᗘ㸦ྑ㸧ࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࠋᐇ⥺ࡣࠊࢻ࣮ࣝࢹࣔࢹࣝ
࢕ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸦ᅗ㸰(a)ᐇ⥺㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㐣Ώⓗ࡞⮬
࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢕ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ(b)᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 30
⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᐦᗘࢆồࡵࡿࠋḟ࡟ Saha ࡢ᪉⛬ᘧ(ᩥ
Kࠊ60 K ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ꮚ ᗘࡢ෭༷ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡ
ᮎὀ)ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࠊ⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᐦᗘ࠿ࡽ㐣Ώⓗ࡞㟁
ࢫࠋⅬࡀᐇ㦂ࠊᐇ⥺ࡀ⌮ㄽィ⟬⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ
Ꮚ ᗘ࡟ኚ᥮ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸰(b)ࡢⅬ࡛♧ࡋ
7
7
Ꮝඹ࡟ࣂࣥࢻෆࡢ㡢㡪ࣇ࢛ࣀࣥࡀᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ඲࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣບ㉳Ꮚࡢ᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ
ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ
࣮ࡼࡾࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ศගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㄏ㟁㛵ᩘィ ࡜⌮ㄽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙ
ࡇࡢሙྜࠊ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡣᕼⷧ࡞ບ㉳ᏊẼయ࡛࠸ࡿࡼࡾ
ࣥࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ⦆࿴ࡢ⣲㐣⛬ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ
ࡶࠊ஋㞳ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㧗ᐦᗘࡢ≧ែ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀᚓ࡛
ࡓᚤどⓗ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ෭༷ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ
࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ែࢆ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮయ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ㏻ᖖࡣᐇ
᫂ࡽ࠿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ບ㉳Ꮚᙧᡂ࡟㛗
✵㛫࡛ࡢจ⦰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋ
࠸᫬㛫ࢆせࡍࡿཎᅉࡀࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ⦆࿴࡟ࡼࡿ㟁Ꮚ⣔
ບ㉳ᏊẼయࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㧗 㧗ᐦᗘࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍࣉࣛ
ࡢ෭༷᫬㛫ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ[9]ࠋ
ࢬ࣐┦࠿ࡽࡇࡢప 㧗ᐦᗘࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲┦࡬ࡢ
┦㌿⛣ࡣࠊỈ⵨Ẽ࠿ࡽỈ⁲ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᵝᏊ࡟࡞ࡒࡽ
Ẽ┦ᾮ┦㌿⛣
࠼࡚㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢẼ┦ᾮ┦㌿⛣࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ㟁Ꮚ
㟁Ꮚ(ṇᏍ)Ẽయ࡟ࡣࠊ㔞ᏊຊᏛⓗ࡞ከయࡢ஺᥮┦
ṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢᙧᡂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡢほ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅗ
஫స⏝ࠊࢡ࣮ࣟࣥ┦஫స⏝㸦஺᥮┦㛵┦஫స⏝㸧
㸱(a)࡟᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 5 Kࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘ 1.2™1016
ࡀാ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㟁ᏊẼయࡢ࢚
cm-3 ࡢẚ㍑ⓗపᐦᗘࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗ㸱
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣᐦᗘࡀ㧗࠸᪉ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㟁
(a)ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊບ㉳┤ᚋࡣࢻ࣮ࣝࢹࣔࢹࣝ㸦ᐇ⥺㸧
ᏊẼయ࡟ࡣࣃ࢘ࣜࡢ᤼௚ᚊ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿᅽຊ㸦ࣇ࢙
࡛ࡼࡃ෌⌧ࡉࢀࡿ⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᛂ⟅ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡑ
࣑ࣝᅽຊ㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ㟁ᏊẼయࡢᐦᗘࢆୗ
ࡢᚋ࡟ࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ๓㏙ࡢ㧗 ࡆࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ാࡃࠋ㏻ᖖࡣᚋ⪅ࡀ຾ࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊSi ࡢ
30 K ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ(ᅗ㸰)࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ600 ps ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࡼ࠺࡟౯㟁Ꮚᖏཬࡧఏᑟᖏࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ⦰㔜ࡋ࡚࠸
10.4 meV ࡜ 11.4 meV ࡢ஧ࡘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡀࠊ
ࡿ⣔࡛ࡣࣂࣥࢻ⦰㔜ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ྠࡌ㟁Ꮚ
ࡇࢀࡣ 2P ບ㉳Ꮚࡢᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀࡟ᑐᛂࡋࠊᚤ⣽ᵓ㐀
ᐦᗘ࡛ࡶࣇ࢙࣑ࣝᅽຊࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟పୗࡋࠊ஺᥮┦
ศ⿣ࡀぢ࠼ࡿ⛬ᗘ࡟ບ㉳Ꮚ⣔ࡀ෭༷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
㛵┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿᐦᗘቑຍ࡜ᣕᢠࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿᐦᗘ
ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[10]ࠋࡑࡢᚋ 2 ns ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢບ㉳Ꮚ
࡛Ᏻᐃ໬ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࡢ㟁
྾཰ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀῶᑡࡋ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ഃ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ഹ
ᅗ㸱㸬᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 5 K ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄏ㟁⋡ᐇ㒊࡜ගᏛఏᑟᗘࡢ᫬㛫ኚ໬ࠋ(a)పᐦᗘ㡿ᇦ㸦ບ㉳ᐦᗘ 1.2™1016
cm-3㸧 (b)㧗ᐦᗘ㡿ᇦ㸦ບ㉳ᐦᗘ 1.1™1017 cm-3㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝࠋ‫ࡣۃ‬ບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P 㑄⛣ࡢඹ㬆ࢆ⾲
ࡋࠊ‫ࡣۂ‬㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ㬆ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
8
8
࠿࡟〈ࢆᘬࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝᙧ≧࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇ
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࡢᖹ᪉᰿࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࡓ
ࢀࡣᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬ
ࡵࠊࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ㬆ࡢ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࣇࢺࡣࠊග
ࣔࣥඹ㬆ࡢ〈㔝࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊẚ㍑ⓗ
ບ㉳┤ᚋࡢ✵㛫ⓗ࡟୍ᵝ࡞㟁ᏊṇᏍࣉࣛࢬ࣐࠿ࡽࠊ
పᐦᗘࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊ⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࠿ࡽ୍➃ࠊ㐣෭
⤖ᬗ✵㛫୰࡟୙ᆒ୍࡟ศᩓࡋࡓẚ㍑ⓗపᐦᗘࡢ㟁
༷≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿບ㉳Ꮚ࢞ࢫࡢ≧ែࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ᭱
ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᾮ⁲ෆࡢᐦᗘࡀቑຍ
ࡶᏳᐃ࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲࡟⛣ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ
ࡋ࡚จ⦰ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࠊ⇕ᖹ⾮≧ែ࡛ࡢᾮ⁲ࡢᐦᗘ࡬
ྜࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢᙧᡂࡣࠊ᰾⏕ᡂ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᶵ
࡜཰ᩡࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ᵓ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ㸱(b)࡟ࡣࠊྠࡌ
ึᮇ࡟୚࠼ࡿ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚ࠊ㟁Ꮚṇ
᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 5 K ࡛ࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘ 1.1™1017 cm-3
Ꮝᾮ⁲ࡢᙧᡂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡣࠊ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙
ࡢẚ㍑ⓗ㧗ᐦᗘࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
࠸ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ[11]ࠋ
ບ㉳┤ᚋ࡛ࡣࠊ᭱ึ࡟⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢࢻ࣮ࣝࢹᛂ
⟅ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ50-200 ps ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚⮬⏤࢟ࣕ
ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣
ࣜ࢔ࡢᛂ⟅ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ400
ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡣࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࡢୖ᪼࡟
ps ௨㝆࡟ࡣࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P 㑄⛣࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㗦࠸
కࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ㔠ᒓ⤯⦕య㌿⛣࡛࠶ࡾࠊ
ࣆ࣮ࢡ(ⓑ‫࡜)ۃ‬㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ
㟁Ꮚ㛫┦஫స⏝ࡢࡳ࡟㉳ᅉࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࠋ㟁ᏊṇᏍ
㬆࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࣈ࣮ࣟࢻ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ୧᪉ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓࠋ
ᑐᐦᗘࡣගບ㉳ࡢᙉᗘ࡟ࡼࡾ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡉࡏࡽ
ࡇࡢࣈ࣮ࣟࢻ࡞ࣆ࣮ࢡ㸦㯮‫ۂ‬㸧ࡣࠊ㔠ᒓⓗ࡞㟁Ꮚ
ࢀࡿࠋ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡣ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋ࠸㉁㔞ࡢࠊṇ㈇ࡢ㟁
ṇᏍᾮ⁲ᙧᡂ࡟క࠺⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ㬆࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Ⲵࢆࡶࡘ⢏Ꮚࡢ㞟ྜయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ⤯⦕య࡟࡞
ࡇࡢ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ᫬㛫࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㧗࢚
ࡿ࠿㔠ᒓ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣከయၥ㢟ࡢᇶ♏࡜
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ㬆࢚
ࡋ࡚኱ኚ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ௚᪉࡛ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡣࠊ
ᅗ㸲㸬(a)ࣉࣛࢬ࣐㐽ⶸຠᯝ࠿ࡽண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࡢቑຍ࡟క࠺ࣂࣥࢻࢠࣕࢵࣉ࠾ࡼࡧບ㉳
Ꮚ 1S ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚ໬ࡢ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࠋ⦪㍈ࡣ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⾲ࡋࠊບ㉳Ꮚ᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮(Ex)ࢆ༢఩࡜ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᶓ㍈ࡣ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࢆ⾲ࡋࠊບ㉳Ꮚ࣮࣎࢔༙ᚄ(aB)ࢆ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋEg ࡀࣂࣥࢻ➃ࠊ1s
exciton ࡀ 1S ບ㉳Ꮚ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ⾲ࡍ[12]ࠋୗࡢᅗࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࢆᶍᘧⓗ࡟⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢࠋ
ࣂࣥࢻ➃ࡀ 1S ບ㉳Ꮚ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆୗᅇࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡣ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ(b)
᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 30 Kࠊ㐜ᘏ᫬㛫 4 ns ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄏ㟁⋡ᐇ㒊࡜ගᏛఏᑟᗘࡢບ㉳ᐦᗘ౫ᏑᛶࠋnMott ࡣ஘㞧఩┦
㏆ఝ⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽィ⟬ࡉࢀࡓ 30 K ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘࢆ⾲ࡋࠊnMott=7.4™1016 cm-3 ࡛࠶ࡿ[7]ࠋ
9
9
ບ㉳Ꮚࡀ࣮࣎ࢫ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚Ᏻᐃ࡟Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡁࡿᐦᗘ
ࡀṧᏑࡋࠊࡑࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣᐦᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡏࡎ࡯ࡰ
ࡢཎ⌮ⓗୖ㝈ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡓࡵບ㉳Ꮚ࣮࣎ࢫ࣭࢔࢖ࣥ
୍ᐃ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ [13,14]ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ
ࢩࣗࢱ࢖ࣥจ⦰ࡢ◊✲࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ
஘㞧఩┦㏆ఝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᚑ᮶ࡢ⌮ㄽࡢண᝿࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ
᮶ࠊບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡣ஘㞧఩┦㏆ఝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ
␗࡞ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢ
⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᅗ㸲(a)࡟ R.
ヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒ࠿ࡽ[14]ࠊࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ┤ୖ࡛ࠊ⮬
Zimmerman㹬ࡽࡢ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ[12]ࠋࡇ
⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢᩓ஘☜⋡ࡀⴭࡋࡃቑ኱ࡋࠊᙉ࠸┦㛵
ࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᑐᐦᗘࡢቑ኱࡟క࠸ࠊࣂࣥ
ࢆᣢࡘ㔠ᒓ┦ࡀฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ
ࢻࢠࣕࢵࣉࡣከయຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཰⦰ࡍࡿ(ࣂࣥࢻ
࡚ࡁࡓࠋヲ⣽ࡣᩥ⊩[14]࡟ㆡࡿࡀࠊᅗ㸲ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡ
ࢠࣕࢵࣉࣜࣀ࣮࣐ࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຠᯝࠊBGR)ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ
ࢺࣝ࠿ࡽᦆኻ㛵ᩘࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ Im(-1/H(Z))ࢆồࡵࡿ
1S ບ㉳Ꮚࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽఩ࡣࠊࢡ࣮ࣟࣥຊࡢ㐽ⶸ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟ࠊᦆኻ㛵ᩘࡣ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢᐦᗘ
࡟క࠺᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢῶᑡ࡜ BGR ࡀ┦ẅࡋ࡚
㸫ᐦᗘ┦㛵㛵ᩘ࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ
࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᐦᗘࡀቑຍࡋࠊࣂࣥࢻ➃࡜
ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࠿ࡽ㟁Ⲵᐦᗘࡢ⦪Ἴࡢ㞟ᅋ࣮ࣔࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ
1S ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽఩ࡀ஺ᕪࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊບ㉳Ꮚ᮰
ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥࡢඹ㬆ࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇ
⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀᾘኻࡋࠊບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡀ㉳ࡇ
࡜࡟ࠊࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣㏆ഐ࡛ࡇࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆㄪ࡭࡚
ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᐇ
ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ⦪Ἴࡢ㞟ᅋ࣮ࣔࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥ࡟ຍ
㦂ⓗ࡟ほ ࡋࡓ౛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣ࡀᐇ
࠼࡚ࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑ
㝿࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡢ࠿ࡣᮍゎ᫂ࡢၥ㢟࡛
ࢀࡽࡀ⤖ྜࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸⤖ྜ࣮ࣔࢻࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᡃࠎࡣࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P 㑄⛣ࡢ
࡜ࡀᮏ◊✲࡛ึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࣔ
ほ ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊບ㉳Ꮚ᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࠊ
ࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ௜㏆࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ㞟ᅋ㐠ື࡟┦ᙜ
ཬࡧࠊບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ㏆ഐ࡛ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ
ࡍࡿ㟁Ⲵࡢ㛗Ἴ㛗ᐦᗘᦂࡽࡂ(ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥ)࡜ບ㉳
ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡓࠋ
Ꮚศᴟࡀ⤖ࡧ௜࠸࡚㞟ᅋ㐠ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
ᅗ㸲(b)࡟᱁Ꮚ ᗘ 30 Kࠊගບ㉳ᚋࡢ㐜ᘏ᫬㛫ࢆ
ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡣࠊከ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ㟼
4 ns ࡟ᅛᐃࡋࠊບ㉳ᐦᗘࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓሙྜࡢㄏ㟁
㟁㐽ⶸ୍࡛⯡࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢩࣥࢢࣝࣉࣛࢬࣔ
㛵ᩘࠊගᏛఏᑟᗘࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ➨ 2 ❶ࡢ⤖
࣏࣮ࣥࣝ㏆ఝࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ᯝ࠿ࡽ㐜ᘏ᫬㛫 4 ns ࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡢ ᗘࡣ᱁Ꮚ ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢡ࣮ࣟࣥຊࡢ㐽ⶸࡢྲྀ
ᗘ࡜➼ࡋ࠸࡜ࡳ࡞ࡏࠊࡲࡓࠊ30 K ࡞ࡢ࡛㟁ᏊṇᏍ
ࡾᢅ࠸࡟෌⪃ࢆ㏕ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᾮ⁲ࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋບ㉳ᐦᗘࡣࠊ஘㞧఩┦㏆ఝ
࠿ࡽ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ࡜ࡢẚ࡛⾲
௨ୖࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ༙ᑟయ Si ୰࡟㧗ᐦᗘ࡟ගບ㉳ࡉ
ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋపᐦᗘ n=0.13nMott (ᅗ㸲(b)᭱ୗẁ)ࡢග
ࢀࡓ༙ᑟయ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢẼ┦ᾮ┦㌿⛣ࠊ⤯⦕య㔠
Ꮫఏᑟᗘࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P ྾
ᒓ㌿⛣(ບ㉳Ꮚࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣)ࢆࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ᫬㛫㡿ᇦ
཰ࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ5 meV ௨ୗ࡟⮬⏤࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢ
ศගἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪ࡭ࡓ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࠋࢸ
ᛂ⟅ࢆ♧ࡍࢻ࣮ࣝࢹᡂศࡀぢ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑐᛂࡋ࡚
ࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏ࡟࠶ࡿ Si ࡢບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P 㑄⛣࢚ࢿࣝ
ㄏ㟁㛵ᩘࡣప࿘Ἴ㡿ᇦ࡛㈇࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ
ࢠ࣮ࡸࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃ࣉࣛࢬࣔࣥඹ㬆ࡢ㉸
30K ࡜㧗 ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊపᐦᗘ࡛ࡶບ㉳Ꮚࡀ⇕ⓗ࡟୍
㧗㏿᫬㛫ศゎ ᐃࠊ」⣲ㄏ㟁㛵ᩘ ᐃ࠿ࡽࠊ㟁Ꮚ
ᐃࡢ๭ྜ࢖࢜ࣥ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡚⮬⏤࡞㟁Ꮚ࡜ṇᏍࡀ࡛
ṇᏍᾮ⁲ࡢᙧᡂࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡸບ㉳Ꮚᙧᡂࢲ࢖ࢼ
ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉ࡚ࠊᅗ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺
࣑ࢡࢫࠊࣇ࢛ࣀࣥ⦆࿴ࡢ⣲㐣⛬ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ບ㉳Ꮚࣔ
࡟ࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ௨ୖࡢ㧗ᐦᗘ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡶࠊບ㉳Ꮚ
ࢵࢺ㌿⛣࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢡ࣮ࣟࣥຊࡢ㐽ⶸࡢᵝᏊ࡞࡝ࠊ
ࣔࢵࢺ㌿⛣⃰ᗘ௨ୖ࡛ࡶࠊບ㉳Ꮚࡢ 1S-2P ࡢᛂ⟅
ከࡃࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊᮍゎ᫂ࡢ⯆
10
10
࿡῝࠸ၥ㢟ࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔࡛
[7] G. B. Norris and K. K. Bajaj, Phys. Rev. B 26,
ࡣ༑ศప ࡛ࡣ㟁ᏊṇᏍ BCS ≧ែ㸦ບ㉳Ꮚ⤯⦕య㸧
6706 (1982).
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㔞Ꮚจ⦰┦ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ(ᑡ࡞ࡃ
[8] A. Forchel, B. Laurich, J. Wagner, W. Schmid
࡜ࡶᖹᆒሙ⌮ㄽࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࡣ)ண ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ
and T. L. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. B 25, 2730
ࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍ BCS ≧ែࡀᮏᙜ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿
(1982).
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ༙ᑟయࡢ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔ࡢ┿ࡢᇶᗏ≧
[9] T. Suzuki and R. Shimano Phys Rev. B 83,
ែࡣఱ࠿ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ
085207 (2011).
㛗ᖺ࡟ரࡿᠱ᱌ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌮ㄽᐇ㦂࡜ࡶ࡟ᮍゎ
[10] D. Labrie, M. L. W. Thewalt, I. J. Booth and
Ỵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㔞Ꮚจ⦰┦ࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊບ㉳Ꮚ
G. Kirczenow Phys Rev. Lett. 61, 1882 (1988).
᮰⦡࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶᖏࡢගᏛఏ
[11] T. Suzuki and R. Shimano, Phys. Rev. Lett
ᑟᗘࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ࡟ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ
103, 057401 (2009).
࡟ࡣண ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┠ୗࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶศගᢏ⾡
[12] R. Zimmermann K. Kilimann, W. D. Kraeft,
࡜ప ᢏ⾡ࡢ⼥ྜ࡟ࡼࡾࡇࡢᠱ᱌ၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࢆ┠
D. Kremp and G. Röpke, Phys. Status Solidi (b)
ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
90, 175 (1978).
[13] R. Shimano and T. Suzuki, Phys. Status
㸦ὀ㸧Saha ᪉⛬ᘧ࡜ࡣࠊඖ᮶ࠊẼయࡢ㟁㞳ᗘࢆẼ
Solidi (c) 8, 1153 (2011).
యࡢ ᗘࠊᐦᗘࠊ࢖࢜ࣥ໬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ㛵ᩘ࡜ࡋ
[14] T. Suzuki and R. Shimano, arXiv:
࡚ồࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆບ㉳Ꮚ
1203.5179
࡜ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
ⴭ⪅⤂௓
[1] H. Haug and Schmitt-Rink, Prog. Quantum
Ặྡ㸸
Electron 9, 3 (1984).
㕥ᮌ ๛
ᮾி኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ༤ኈ㸱ᖺ
[2] R. Zimmermann, Many-particle theory of
ᑓ㛛ศ㔝㸸ග≀ᛶ≀⌮
highly excited semiconductors, (Teubner,
Leipzig, 1988).
⯆࿡㸸
༙ᑟయ㟁ᏊṇᏍ⣔
Ặྡ㸸
ᓥ㔝 ு
[3] H. Haug and S. W. Koch, Quantum theory of
the optical and electronic properties of
semiconductors, (World Scientific, Singaprore,
ᮾி኱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ෸ᩍᤵ
2005).
ᑓ㛛ศ㔝㸸ග≀ᛶ≀⌮ࠊࢸࣛ࣊ࣝࢶ㟁☢
[4] R. Huber, F. Tauser, A. Brodschelm, M.
Ἴࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶ◊✲
Bichler, G. Abstreiter, and A. Leitenstorfer,
Nature 414, 286 (2001).
[5] R. A. Kaindl, M. A. Carnahan, D. Hagele, R.
Lovenihc, and D. S. Chemla, Nature 423, 734
(2003).
[6] S. W. Koch, M. Kira, G. Khitrove, and M.
Gibbs, Nature Material 5, 523 (2006).
11
11
㉸ప ㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾࡛ࡳࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ⾲㠃㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶ
⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉ ≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ ⚟ᒣ◊✲ᐊ
ᯇ஭᭸⿱ࠊ⚟ᒣᐶ
1981 ᖺ࡟ G. Binnig, H. Rohrer ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾 (STM) ࡛ࡣࠊᅛయ⾲㠃
ࡢ㟁Ꮚ≧ែࢆཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ✵㛫ゎ⬟࡛ほ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊSTM ࢆప ࡛ά⏝ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㉸ఏᑟࡸ㉸ὶືࠊ㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝ࡞࡝ࠊప ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ᪂ወ࡞≀ᛶࡢ࣑ࢡࣟࢫࢥࣆࢵࢡ࡞
⌮ゎࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣ 30 mK ࡟⮳ࡿ㉸ప ࠊ13 T ࡢ㧗☢ሙࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 10-8 Pa ௨ୗࡢ㉸㧗┿✵
࡜࠸࠺ከ㔜ᴟ㝈⎔ቃୗ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚ືసࡍࡿ㉸ప STM ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊᅛయ⾲㠃࡛㉳ࡇࡿ㔞Ꮚ⌧㇟ࢆ◊
✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㉸ప STM ⿦⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋࠊ◊✲ࡢ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ
⾲㠃࡟ほ ࡉࢀࡿ㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
≀㉁ࢆ෭༷ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ஘㞧࡞⇕㐠ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚そ࠸
ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࢺࣥࢿࣝ㟁ὶࡣ᥈㔪࡜ヨᩱࡢᒁᡤ≧
㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ≀㉁ࡢಶᛶࡀ㟢ࢃ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
ែᐦᗘࢆࠊࣇ࢙࣑࢚ࣝࢿࣝࢠ࣮(EF)࠿ࡽ eV ࡲ࡛✚
ࣇ࢙࣑ࣝ㠃ୖ࡛➢ྕࡢ␗࡞ࡿἼᩘࢆࡶࡘࡩࡓࡘࡢ
ศࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ௬࡟᥈㔪ഃࡢᒁᡤ≧
㟁Ꮚࡣ᱁Ꮚ᣺ືࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ᘬຊࢆཬࡰࡋ࠶࠸ࢡ࣮ࣃ
ែᐦᗘࡀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟ᑐࡋ୍࡚ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ
࣮ᑐࢆసࡿࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ ᗘ(㌿⛣ ᗘ Tc)௨ୗ࡛ࠊࡼ
ᚤศࢺࣥࢿࣝࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ dI/dV ࡣヨᩱࡢᒁᡤ
࠺ࡸࡃࡑࢀࡀ㟢ࢃ࡟࡞ࡾ㉸ఏᑟࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࠋప ≧ែᐦᗘ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ᒁᡤ≧ែᐦᗘࢆ
࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪂ወ࡞≀ᛶࡣࠊྂ඾ຊᏛࡢᯟ
࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝศගἲ(STS)
ෆ࡛ࡣ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊཎᏊࡸ㟁
࡜࿧ࡪࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛≧ែᐦᗘࡢ ᐃ࡟ࡣࠊග㟁ຠᯝ
Ꮚ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᇶᮏἲ๎ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㔞ᏊຊᏛࢆ㐺⏝ࡍ
࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ヨᩱࡀᨺฟ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ྾཰ࡍࡿ㟁Ꮚࢆほ ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ゎ᫂ࡋᚓࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡍࡿග㟁Ꮚศගࡸ㏫ග㟁Ꮚศගࡀ୺࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚
ప ࡛⌧ࢀࡿ㔞Ꮚ⌧㇟ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࡸ
ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊ✵㛫ศゎ⬟ࡣບ㉳ග
⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࠊẚ⇕ࠊᖏ☢⋡࡞࡝࣐ࢡࣟ࡞≀㉁࡟ᑐࡍ
ࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࢧ࢖ࢬ(ᩘ Ǎm ⛬ᗘ)࡟㝈ࡽࢀࠊࣇ࢙ࣝ
ࡿ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞ ᐃࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࣑࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮(EF)௨ୗ(Ⲵ㟁Ꮚᖏ)࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௨ୖ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㔞Ꮚ⌧㇟ࡢᮏ㉁ࡣࠊཎᏊࡸ㟁Ꮚ
(ఏᑟᖏ)ࡢ᝟ሗࡋ࠿ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ☢ሙ
ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟࠶ࡾࠊࢼࣀࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢ≀ᛶࡢ┤᥋ほ
୰࡛ࡢ ᐃࡶཎ⌮ⓗ࡟୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋSTM/S ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ᢅ࠺㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ/ศ
ཎᏊࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝᒁᡤⓗ࡞ EF ๓ᚋࡢ㟁Ꮚ≧ែᐦᗘ
ගἲ(STM/S)ࡣࡑࢀࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ ᐃᡭἲࡢࡦ࡜
ࢆ☢ሙ୰࡛ࡶ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡇࡇ࡛ὀពࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢࡣࠊSTM/S ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡿ
ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ඛ➃ࡢ㗦ࡃᑤࡗࡓᑟ㟁ᛶࡢ᥈㔪ࢆ㟁఩ᕪ V ࡢᑟ
ࡢࡀ≀㉁ࡢࠕ⾲㠃࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚑ
㟁ᛶヨᩱ⾲㠃࡟ 1 nm ௨ୗࡢ㊥㞳ࡲ࡛㏆࡙ࡅࡿ࡜ࠊ
᮶ࡢ≀㉁⛉Ꮫ࡛ࡣࣂࣝࢡ(㸱ḟඖ)࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅛయࢆ
୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࢺࣥࢿࣝ㟁ὶࡀὶࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
୺࡞ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ≀ᛶࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ❧ᙺ⪅
ࡇࡢࢺࣥࢿࣝ㟁ὶࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࢆ࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ㟁Ꮚࡣࠊ࿘ᅖࡢཎᏊࡸศᏊࡢ✀㢮ࠊ✵
࡜࡛ࠊ⾲㠃ࡢ㟁Ꮚ≧ែࢆཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ✵㛫ศゎ⬟
㛫ⓗ࡞㓄⨨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅࡿຊࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࣂࣝ
࡛ ᐃࡍࡿࡢࡀ㉮ᰝᆺࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾(STM)࡛࠶
ࢡ⤖ᬗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୪㐍ᑐ⛠ᛶࠊ✵㛫ⓗ࡞୍ᵝᛶࢆ◚
12
12
ࡿ࡜ࠊࣂࣝࢡ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᪂ࡓ࡟㠃ⓑ࠸≀ᛶࡀጼࢆ
⌧ࡍࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ☢ሙ୰࡛ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚࡣ☢ሙ࡟ᆶ┤࡞㠃ෆ(xy
㠃ෆ)࡛ࢧ࢖ࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥ㐠ື࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ෇㐠ືࢆ
ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ㐠ືࡀ㔞Ꮚ໬(ࣛࣥࢲ࢘㔞Ꮚ໬)ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࠊ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩࡟ศ⿣ࡍࡿࠋ㏻ᖖࡢ 3
ḟඖ⣔࡛ࡣ㟁Ꮚࡢ㐠ື࡟ z ᪉ྥࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ
࡛ࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡣそ࠸㞃ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡀࠊ㟁Ꮚ
ࢆ xy 㠃ෆ࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡓሙྜࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘㔞Ꮚ໬ࡢຠ
ᯝࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜⾲ࢀࡿࠋ㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝࡣࡑ࠺ࡋ
ࡓ㔞Ꮚ⌧㇟ࡢ࣐ࢡࣟࢫࢥࣆࢵࢡ࡞⾲ࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㔞
Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝࡣࠊ㟁ὶ࡜☢ሙ࡟ᆶ┤࡞᪉ྥࡢ᢬ᢠ
(࣮࣍ࣝ᢬ᢠ)ࡀ☢ሙ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㝵ẁ≧࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ⌧
㇟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣヨᩱࡢ➃ࡸ୙⣧≀࡞࡝ࡢᒁᡤ
ⓗ࡞࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩௨እࡢ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛ࡣ㟁Ꮚࡀᒁᅾࡋఏᑟ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞
ࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡣࠊࢩࣗࣞ
ࢹ࢕࣮ࣥ࢞᪉⛬ᘧ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㏻ᖖࡢ㟁Ꮚ⣔(ࢩ
ࣗࣞࢹ࢕࣮࣭ࣥ࢞ࣇ࢙࣑ࣝ࢜ࣥ㸸SF)ࡢሙྜࠊ
‫ܧ‬௡ ൌ ൫݊ ൅ ൯м߱௖ ࡜⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ߱௖ ൌ భ
మ
௘஻
ᅗ㸯ULT-STM ࡢᴫᛕᅗࠋ㉸㧗┿✵(UHV)
ࡣ㟁Ⲵ
ࡢᐇ㦂✵㛫࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊIVCࠊOVCࠊᾮయ࣊ࣜ
eࠊ᭷ຠ㉁㔞 m*ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ☢ሙ B ୗࡢࢧ
࣒࢘(LHe)ࣂࢫࡢ 4 ࡘࡢ✵㛫ࡀࠊᾮయ࣊ࣜ࢘
࢖ࢡࣟࢺࣟࣥ࿘Ἴᩘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊмࡣࣉࣛࣥࢡᐃᩘࠊn
࣒࡟ᾐ࠿ࡗࡓ 4.2 K ࡢ㒊ศ࠿ࡽ 30 mK ࡟⮳
ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࢘ᣦᩘ࡜⛠ࡉࢀࡿᩚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜ
ࡿ᭱ప ᗘࡲ࡛ࠊ⇕໙㓄ࢆࡶࡗ࡚㝸࡚ࡽࢀ࡚
࡟ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ En ࡣ B ࡜ n ࡟ẚ౛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࠸ࡿࠋ
௠‫כ‬
ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ
in-situ ࡛ヨᩱࡸ᥈㔪ࡢసᡂࠊホ౯ࠊ஺᥮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ
༢ཎᏊᒙࢩ࣮ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ୰ࡢ㟁ᏊࡸṇᏍ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᅗ㸯࡟⿦⨨ࡢᴫᛕᅗࢆ♧ࡍࠋ᥈㔪ࠊ
(ࢹ࢕ࣛࢵࢡ࣭ࣇ࢙࣑ࣝ࢜ࣥ㸸DF)ࡣࢹ࢕ࣛࢵࢡ᪉
ヨᩱࢆྵࡴ STM ࣊ࢵࢻࡣ㖡ࡢ⡲≧ᵓ㐀ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚
⛬ᘧ࡟ᚑ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࣛࣥࢲ
3He-4He
࢘‽఩ࡣ ‫ܧ‬௡ ൌ •‰ሺ݊ሻඥʹ݁м‫ݒ‬ிଶ ȁ݊ȁ‫ࠊࢀࡉ⾲࡜ ܤ‬SF
ᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵࡢΰྜᐊ(M/C)࡟᥋⥆ࡉࢀࠊヨ
ᩱࢫࢸ࣮ࢪࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 30 mK ࡲ࡛෭༷ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢺࣥ
࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡣඥȁ݊ȁ‫࡟ ܤ‬ẚ౛ࡍࡿࠋ
ࢿࣝศගࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ศゎ⬟ࡣࠊ㟁ὶ࡜ࡋ࡚ὶࢀ
㉸ప ㉮ᰝࢺࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾
ࡿ㟁Ꮚࡢ ᗘࡸ⿦⨨ࡢ᣺ືࠊ㟁Ẽⓗ࡞ࣀ࢖ࢬࡶᙳ
㡪ࡋࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 100 ǍeV ࡛࠶ࡿࠋSTM ࡢ᥈㔪ࠊヨ
ప ࣭☢ሙ୰࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿከᙬ࡞㔞Ꮚ⌧㇟ࡢཎᏊ
ࢫࢣ࣮࡛ࣝࡢᐇ㦂ⓗゎ᫂ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ࠊᡃࠎࡣ㉸ప ࠊ
ᩱ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ⇕㍽ᑕࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢࣂࢵࣇࣝࡣ෭
෾ᶵୗ㒊࠿ࡽฟࡋධࢀࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣎ࢺ࣒࣭
㧗☢ሙ࡛ືసࡍࡿ STM ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡿ㉸ప ㉮ᰝࢺ
࣮ࣟࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ᪉ᘧࢆ᥇ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᐊ ࠿ࡽ㉸ప ࣥࢿࣝ㢧ᚤ㙾(ULT-STM)ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ◊✲࡟⏝࠸࡚
࠸ࡿ[1]ࠋࡇࡢ⿦⨨࡛ࡣᐊ ࡢ㉸㧗┿✵(UHV)ࢳࣕ
ࡢ STM ࣊ࢵࢻࡲ࡛ࢆ࠾ࡼࡑ 30 cm ࡜࠸࠺▷㊥㞳
ࣥࣂ࣮ࢆᴟప ࡢᐇ㦂✵㛫࡜᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
࡛࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊヨᩱࡸ᥈㔪ࢆணࡵ 30 K ⛬
ᗘࡲ࡛ண෭ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ 3 ᫬㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ
13
13
࡟ヨᩱࡸ᥈㔪ࢆ STM ࣊ࢵࢻ࡬ᑟධࡋࠊ30 mK ࡢ
20
Magnetic Field [T]
ప ࡲ࡛෭༷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋSTM ࣊ࢵࢻࡢእ
ഃ࡟ࡣᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࡟ᾐ࠿ࡗࡓ㉸ఏᑟ࣐ࢢࢿࢵࢺ
ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊヨᩱ㠃࡟ᆶ┤࡟᭱኱ 13 T ࡢ☢ሙࢆ༳ຍ࡛
ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮏ⿦⨨࡛ࡣࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝඲࡚ࡢᑟ
㟁ᛶ≀㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ STM/S ᐇ㦂ࢆࠊ30 mK ࡟⮳
ࡿ㉸ప ࠊ13 T ࡢ㧗☢ሙࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 10-8 Pa ௨ୗࡢ
15
ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Our ULT-STM(2003)
10 Dartmouth(1999)
5
0
㉸㧗┿✵࡜࠸࠺ከ㔜ᴟ㝈⎔ቃୗ࡛Ṍ␃ࡲࡾࡼࡃ㐍
NIST(2010)
Delft(2001)
Zurich(2007)
RIKEN(2006)
Tsinghua(2007)
Tokyo(2009)
IBM Watson(1987)
Berkeley
LPS (2004) (1999)
UHV
HV
101
Hamburg(2004)
IBM Almaden
(2004)
102
Temperature [mK]
103
ᅗ㸰ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᘓタࡉࢀࡓ୺࡞ప STM ⿦⨨ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≉ᛶࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ㦂ࡢࡓࡵ
㉸㧗┿✵(UHV)࡛ࡢヨᩱసᡂ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓ⿦⨨
ࡢ UHV ✵㛫ࠊᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵࡢࡓࡵࡢ᩿⇕┿✵✵㛫
ࢆ‫ࠊ࡛ە‬ప ⎔ቃ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㧗┿✵(HV)ࡢࡳ฼
(Inner Vacuum Can; IVC)ࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘✵㛫
⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ‫ࠋࡍ♧࡛ڸ‬ᡃࠎࡢ ULT-STM[1]
(LHe Bath)ࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᩿⇕┿✵✵㛫
࡛༳ຍྍ⬟࡞᭱㧗☢ሙࡣࠊᘓタᙜ᫬ࡣ 6 T ࡛࠶
(Outer Vacuum Can; OVC)ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ 4 ࡘࡢ✵㛫ࢆ
ࡗࡓࡀࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟ 13 T ࡟ᣑᙇࡋࡓࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸸
㝸⤯ࡋࡘࡘࠊᐊ ࡜ mK ࡟⮳ࡿ STM ࣊ࢵࢻࢆࡼ
NIST(2010)[2], Hamburg(2004)[3],
ࡾࢥࣥࣃࢡࢺ࡟᥋⥆ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸᥮
RIKEN(2006)[4], Tsinghua(2007)[5],
࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ✵㛫ࢆ㝸࡚ࡿቨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ4 ࢣࢱ
Tokyo(2009)[6], IBM Almaden(2004)[7],
࡟Ώࡿ ᗘᕪࡢ⇕⤯⦕ࢆྠ᫬࡟☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
Dartmouth(1999)[8], Delft(2001)[9],
ࡑࡢቨࡣⷧࡃࠊ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ⿦⨨࡛
Zurich(2007)[10], LPS(2004)[11],
ࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ⷧ⫗ࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫࡢᢡࡾ㏉ࡋᵓ㐀ࡸ⁐
Berkeley(1999)[12], IBM Watson(1987)[13].
᥋࠾ࡼࡧᡂᙧ࣮࣋ࣟࢬࡢࡦࡔ≧ᵓ㐀ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸
࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡢ⿦⨨ࡀୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ࡳ
ࡿࠋᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ UHV ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡼ࠺
࡚ࡶ㧗ᛶ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
࡟タィࡋࡓࡾࠊ෭෾ᶵࢆ⦪࡟㈏ࡃ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ⤒㊰ࢆ
タࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵ⮬యࡢ⇕໙㓄ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚
ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ⾲㠃㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶ
ヨᩱࢆࢺࢵࣉ࣭࣮ࣟࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿᕤኵࡶ࠶
ULT-STM ࡛ほ ࡉࢀࡓప ࣭☢ሙ୰ࡢ㔞Ꮚ≀
ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ≉ὀࡢᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵࡀᚲせ
ᛶࡢ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃ࡢ
࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓ STM ࣊ࢵࢻ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ㛗ࡀ㛗ࡃ
STM/S ほ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡣⅣ
࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⿦⨨ࡣࡼࡾ኱ᆺ໬ࡋࠊヨᩱ஺᥮࡟せࡍ
⣲ཎᏊࡢ sp2 ㌶㐨ࡀᙉࡃඹ᭷⤖ྜࡋࡓࣁࢽ࣒࢝᱁
ࡿ᫬㛫ࡶ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᮏ⿦⨨࡛ࡣࢹࣗ
Ꮚࢩ࣮ࢺࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥࠊࡀ van der Waals
࣮࣡ࡢᗏࡀྲྀࡾእࡋྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿⅬ௨እࡣࠊᕷ㈍ရ
ຊ࡛ᙅࡃ✚ᒙࡋࡓᵓ㐀ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥࡢ
ࡢᕼ㔘෭෾ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࣁࢽ࣒࢝᱁Ꮚࡣᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟୙⣧≀ࢆྵࡲࡎࠊ⾲㠃ࡣ
ᅗ㸰ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୺࡞ 1 K ௨ୗ
໬Ꮫⓗ࡟୙άᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥࡸࢢࣛࣇ
ࡢప ࡛ືసࡍࡿ STM ⿦⨨ࡢ᭱ప ᗘ࡜☢ሙ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋUHV ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ヨᩱసᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢ UHV ࢳࣕࣥࣂ࣮ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊin-situ
࢓࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣᐊ ኱Ẽ୰࡛ࡍࡽཎᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝΎί࡞
(ᨃ)㸰ḟඖ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࢆ᭱⾲㠃࡟ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢࡓࡵ⾲㠃ࢆ᥈ᰝࡍࡿ STM ࡢࢸࢫࢺ≀㉁࡜ࡋ࡚
࡛ヨᩱ஺᥮ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢࠊHV ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ
᭱㐺࡞≀㉁࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
UHV ⎔ቃ࡛ࡢヨᩱసᡂࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊヨᩱࡣ
ᐊ ኱Ẽ୰࡛ࡶᏳᐃ࡞ヨᩱࡸࠊ๼㛤ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ
14
14
(b)
(c)
ᅗ㸱Dࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ≧ែᐦᗘࡢ
(a)
☢ሙ౫Ꮡᛶ࡜ࠊ ᐃࡉࢀࡓࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡢ☢ሙ B (b)
࡜ࡑࡢᖹ᪉᰿ ౫Ꮡᛶ(c)ࠋ㟷⥺ࡣ B ࡟⥺ᙧ࡞౫Ꮡᛶࢆࠊ
㉥⥺ࡣ ࡟⥺ᙧ࡞౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ⾲㠃࡛ࢺࣥࢿࣝศගࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊᅗ㸱
ࢡᵓ㐀ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ✚ᒙḞ㝗ࢆከࡃྵࡳࠊᐇຠ
(a)࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞㟁Ꮚ≧ែᐦᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ⦪㍈ࡣ
ⓗ࡞ཌࡉࡢⷧ࠸ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ᪉ࡀࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽
㟁Ꮚ≧ែᐦᗘ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿᚤศࢺࣥࢿࣝࢥࣥࢲࢡࢱ
఩ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᩘࡣከࡃࠊࡑࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡶ」㞧࡛࠶
ࣥࢫ dI/dVࠊᶓ㍈ࡣ᥈㔪࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺヨ
ࡿࡀࠊ⤖ᬗᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ↓㝈ࡢཌࡳࢆࡶࡘ࡜ᮇᚅࡉࢀ
ᩱࡢ㟁఩ᕪ࡛࠶ࡾࠊV = 0 mV ࢆ EF ࡜ࡍࡿ࢚ࢿࣝ
ࡿ༢⤖ᬗࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡛ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡᩘࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࢠ࣮࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࡜ࡁࠊࢮࣟ☢ሙ࡛ࡣࡺ
≧ែᐦᗘࡢᵓ㐀ࡶࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊEF ㏆ഐ
ࡿࡸ࠿࡞ V Ꮠᆺࡢ≧ែᐦᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ☢ሙ୰
࡛☢ሙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢚ࢿࣝࢠ್࣮ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸
࡛ࡣࣆ࣮ࢡᵓ㐀ࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣆ
‽఩ࡣࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘ᣦᩘࡀ n = 0, 㸫1 ࡜⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ
࣮ࢡᵓ㐀ࡣ㧗☢ሙ࡯࡝㢧ⴭ࡟࡞ࡾࠊྛࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ࢚
ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ࡟ᅛ᭷ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡣ EF ࢆᇶ‽࡟☢ሙ࡜ඹ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡇࢀࡣᕧ኱࡞཯☢ᛶ࡞࡝ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞
ࡓ EF ㏆ഐ࡟☢ሙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ࡯࡜
≀ᛶࡢ㉳※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶྂࡃ࠿ࡽᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ
ࢇ࡝ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࣆ࣮ࢡࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ⌮ㄽィ⟬ࡢ⤖
STM/S ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᮏ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚ᐇ㦂ⓗ
ᯝࠊ☢ሙ୰࡛⌧ࢀࡿ㟁Ꮚ≧ែᐦᗘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡᵓ㐀ࡣ
࡟ほ ࡉࢀࡓ[14]ࠋ
ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
≧ែᐦᗘ࡟⌧ࢀࡿࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩࡟ᑐᛂ
ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࢀࡣࠊࣂࣝࢡ≧ែ࡟ィ⟬ࡉ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㟁Ꮚ≧ែࡢ✵㛫ศᕸ࡟ࡶほ ࡉ
ࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
͆᭷㝈ࡢཌࡉࢆࡶࡗࡓ͇ࢢࣛࣇ
ࢀࡿࠋᅗ㸲ࡣ B = 6 T ࡢ☢ሙୗ࡛ࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡢ
࢓࢖ࢺࡢ͆᭱⾲㠃͇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡌࡵ࡚෌⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮(a)࡜ࡑࡢ୰㛫ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮(b)࡛ほ ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊSTM/S ࡛ほ ࡉࢀࡓ≧ែࡀࣂࣝࢡ࡛
ࡉࢀࡓࠊཎᏊࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡢḞ㝗࿘ࡾࡢ dI/dV ࡢ✵㛫
ࡣ࡞ࡃ᭱⾲㠃ࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢཌࡉ
ศᕸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᫂ࡿ࠸㒊ศࡀࡼࡾ㧗࠸ dI/dV ್ࠊࡍ
࡜࠸࠺ࣂࣝࢡࡢ≀ᛶࡶ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛
࡞ࢃࡕ≧ែᐦᗘ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣛࣥ
⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺヨᩱࡢᐇຠⓗ࡞ཌ
ࢲ࢘‽఩(a)࡛ࡣ㟁Ꮚࡀᒁᡤⓗ࡞࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝ࡟
ࡉࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿヨᩱ࡛ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࣆ࣮
㛵ಀ࡞ࡃᣑࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩
15
15
ࢆ♧ࡍ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔(ᅗ㸱(b))࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣ㏻ᖖࡢ SF ࡜ࡋ
࡚⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣ☢
ሙࡢᖹ᪉᰿࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⥺ᙧ࡞౫Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍ(ᅗ㸱(c))ࠋ
ഴࡁ࠿ࡽồࡲࡿࣇ࢙࣑ࣝ㏿ᗘ vF ࡸࣛࣥࢲ࢘ᣦᩘ n
౫Ꮡᛶࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡣ༢ᒙࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ DF ࡜ྠࡌᛶ㉁ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢ DF ࡣ↓㝈ࡢཌࡉࢆࡶࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ༢⤖ᬗࢢ
ࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡟ࡶほ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊDF ࡀࢢࣛ
ࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡟ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀
ࡉࢀࡿࠋࣂࣥࢻᵓ㐀࠿ࡽࡣࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ୰࡟ࡣ
SF ࡜ඹ࡟ DF ࡀඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࡀࠊࢢ
ࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡀ㸰ᒙ࿘ᮇࡢ✚ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ
ᅗ㸲B = 6 T ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃ࡢ≧
⾲㠃࡛ࡣ DF ࡀඃඛⓗ࡟ᒁᅾࡍࡿࠋSTM/S ࡟ࡼࡿ
ែᐦᗘࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ(c)࡜ࠊV = 28 mV (a)ࠊ35
ᐃ࡛ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡟ DF ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ
mV (b)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⾲㠃ࡢḞ㝗࿘㎶ 80 x 80
nm2
ࡸࡣࡾ⾲㠃ᅛ᭷ࡢ≀ᛶ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡢ≧ែᐦᗘࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࠋ(a)ࡣࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩ࡢ
᭱ᚋ࡟
࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊ(b)ࡣࡑࡢ㇂ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ≧ែᐦᗘࡢศᕸ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࠊ⾲㠃Ḟ㝗ࡢࡘࡃ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃࡛㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝ
ࡿ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝ࿘ࡾ࡬ࡢᒁᅾ(b)࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡀゎ
࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㸰ḟඖ㟁Ꮚ≀ᛶࡸࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡅࡓ≧ែ(a)ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡿ DF ࡢᛶ㉁ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᨃ㸰ḟඖ≀㉁࡛࠶
ࡢ㇂㛫ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮(b)࡛ࡣ࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆឤࡌ
ࡾࠊほ ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ⾲㠃࡜࠸࠺≉Ṧ࡞ࢺ࣏ࣟࢪ࣮
࡚ᒁᅾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᒁᅾࡣ㟁Ꮚࡢ☢Ẽ㛗⛬ᗘࡢ኱ࡁ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ≀ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰ḟඖ⣔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶ
ࡉࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ☢ሙࢆ኱ࡁࡃࡍࡿ࡜ᒁᅾ༙ᚄࡣ
ࡢ┤᥋ほ ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ≀
ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡸ☢ሙ࡛ኚ໬ࡍ
ᛶ ᐃࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࡇ
ࡿᒁᅾࡢᵝᏊࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞࣓࢝
ࢀࡲ࡛┒ࢇ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸰ḟඖ㟁Ꮚ⣔ࡣࠊ㟁
ࢽࢬ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚ᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᒁᅾ≧ែ࡜ᣑࡀࡗࡓ
Ꮚぶ࿴ຊࡢ␗࡞ࡿ༙ᑟయࢆ✚ᒙࡋࡓ࣊ࢸࣟ⏺㠃࡟
≧ែ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡿ[15][16]ࠋࣂࣝࢡ
࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ꮚࡢ᮰⦡≧ែࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㟁Ꮚࡢ౪
≀㉁࡛࠶ࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ࡛ࡣ㟁Ẽఏᑟᗘࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ
⤥※࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟୙⣧≀ࢆྵࡴࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ
࣐ࢡࣟ࡞≀ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㔞Ꮚ࣮࣍ࣝຠᯝࡣほ ࡉ
⾲㠃࠿ࡽ 100 nm ⛬ᗘ῝࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡢ
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊSTM/S ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⾲㠃ࡢᒁᡤⓗ࡞ ࡛ࠊSTM/S ࡟ࡼࡿᒁᡤⓗ࡞ ᐃࡣ࡯ࡰ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶
ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⑞㊧ࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ⅳ⣲ࡢ༢ཎᏊᒙࢩ࣮ࢺ = ࢢࣛ
ࡲࡓ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ ᐃࡉࢀࡓࣛࣥࢲ࢘‽఩
ࣇ࢙ࣥࡣᩥᏐ㏻ࡾࡢ㸰ḟඖ⣔࡛࠶ࡾࠊᇶᯈ⾲㠃࡟
ࡢ☢ሙ౫Ꮡᛶࢆヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࣛࣥࢲ࢘㔞Ꮚ
Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᇶ♏⛉Ꮫࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
໬ࡍࡿࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ⾲㠃ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜
ࡲࡓᑗ᮶ࡢ㟁Ꮚࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㠀ᖖ
ࡶ㸱✀㢮Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ☢ሙ࡟
࡟᭷ᮃ࡞≀㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢ
ᑐࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞౫Ꮡᛶࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡛ࠊࣂࣝ
ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ࠊᡃࠎࡣ⌧ᅾࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢙ࣥࢆ⯙ྎ࡜ࡋ
ࢡࡢࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖ࢺࡢ」㞧࡞ࣂࣥࢻᵓ㐀ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ
ࡓ᪂ወ࡞≀ᛶࡢ STM/S ᐃࠊఏᑟᗘ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡿࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣ☢ሙ࡟⥺ᙧ࡞౫Ꮡᛶ
16
16
[8] D. V. Pelekhov, J. B. Becker, and G. Nunes,
࠸ࡿࠋ
Jr.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 114 (1999).
ࡇࡇ࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓ ULT-STM ࡢᘓタࠊࢢࣛࣇ࢓࢖
[9] M. D. Upward, J. W. Janssen, L. Gurevich, A.
ࢺࡢ⾲㠃㟁Ꮚ≧ែࡢ ᐃࡣࠊ⚄ཎ ᾈ ༤ኈ(ಙᕞ኱
F. Morpurgo, L. P. Kouwenhoven: Appl. Phys. A
Ꮫ)ࠊ᪂ぢ ᗣὒ ༤ኈ(≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤ)ࡽ࡜ࡢඹྠ࡛㐍
72, S253 (2001).
ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓᮏ◊✲ࡣᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࡞ࡃ
[10] A. E. Gildemeister, T. Ihn, C. Barengo, P.
ࡋ࡚ࡣ฿ᗏᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᐮ๣
Studerus, and K. Ensslin: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78,
ࡢᏳᐃ౪⤥࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᮾி኱Ꮫప 013704 (2007).
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍ⫋ဨࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࠊࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ᨵࡵ࡚
[11] K. R. Brown, L. Sun, and B. E. Kane: Rev.
ᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ
Sci. Instrum. 75, 2029 (2004).
[12] S. H. Pan, E. W. Hudson, and J. C. Davis:
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 1459 (1999).
[1] H. Kambara, T. Matsui, Y. Niimi, and H.
[13] A. P. Fein, J. R. Kirtley, and R. M. Feenstra:
Fukuyama: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 073703
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 1806 (1987).
(2007); T. Matsui, H. Kambara, I. Ueda, T.
[14] T. Matsui, H. Kambara, Y. Niimi, K.
Shishido, Y. Miyatake, and H. Fukuyama:
Physica B 329, 1653 (2003); ⚄ཎᾈࠊᯇ஭᭸⿱ࠊ
⚟ᒣᐶ: ᅛయ≀⌮ 41, 25 (2006); ᯇ஭᭸⿱ࠊ⚄ཎ
Tagami, M. Tsukada, and H. Fukuyama: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 94, 226403 (2005).
[15] Y. Niimi, H. Kambara, T. Matsui, D.
ᾈࠊ᪂ぢᗣὒࠊ⚟ᒣᐶ: ┿✵ 49, 659 (2006).
Yoshioka, and H. Fukuyama: Phys. Rev. Lett. 97,
[2] Y. J. Song, A. F. Otte, V. Shvarts, Z. Zhao, Y.
236804 (2006), Physisca E 34, 100 (2006).
Kuk, S. R. Blankenship, A. Band, F. M. Hess
[16] Y. Niimi, H. Kambara, and H. Fukuyama:
and J. A. Stroscio: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 121101
Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 026803 (2009), Physica E
(2010).
40, 1298 (2008).
[3] J. Wiebe, A. Wachowiak, F. Meier, D. Haude,
T. Foster, M. Morgenstern, and R.
ⴭ⪅⤂௓
Wiesendanger: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 4871
(2004).
Ặྡ㸸 ᯇ஭ ᭸⿱
[4] T. Hanaguri: J. Phys.: Conf. Series 51, 514
ᑓ㛛ศ㔝㸸⾲㠃㔞Ꮚ≀ᛶ
(2006).
[5] Y-S. Fu, S-H. Ji, X. Chen, X-C. Ma, R. Wu,
C-C. Wang, W-H. Duan, X-H. Qiu, B. Sun, P.
Zhang, J-F. Jia, and Q-K. Xue: Phys. Rev. Lett.
Ặྡ㸸 ⚟ᒣ ᐶ
99, 256601 (2007).
ᑓ㛛ศ㔝㸸ప ≀⌮Ꮫ
[6] N. Tsukahara, K. Noto, M. Ohara, S. Shiraki,
N. Takagi, Y. Takada, J. Miyawaki, M. Taguchi,
A. Chainani, S. Shin, and M. Kawai: Phys. Rev.
Lett. 102, 167203 (2009).
[7] A. J. Heinrich, J. A. Gupta, C. P. Lutz, D. M.
Eigler: Science 306, 466 (2004).
17
17
ඨዉ૕ࠍ↪޿ߚബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߩ⎇ⓥ
࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧝‫ޔ‬ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹㧞‫ޔ‬
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮శ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧟
ၳಾᥓਯ㧝㧘㧟‫ޔ‬ጊᧄ༑ਭ㧝㧘㧟‫ޔ‬੖␹⌀㧞㧘㧟
⃻࿷ߩ㜞ᐲߥᓸዊ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ⵾ㅧᛛⴚߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕ᓸዊశ౒ᝄེߣ㊂ሶ੗ᚭߥߤߩ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧ߇
ၮ␆‛ℂ⎇ⓥߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫౒ޕ‬ᝄེశሶߣ㊂ሶ੗ᚭਛߢ⊒↢ߔࠆബ⿠ሶߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇౒㡆ߔ
ࠆ႐ว‫ࠄࠇߘޔ‬శ㨺ബ⿠ሶߩ㊀ߨวࠊߖ⁁ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬ᡆૃ⊛ߦᣂߒ޿☸ሶ㧔Ḱ☸ሶ㧕ߣ⷗ߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ
߈‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߪബ⿠ሶන૕ߣᲧセߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬శᚑಽߦࠃࠆ
㕖Ᏹߦシ޿᦭ല⾰㊂ࠍ߽ߟߚ߼‫ࡦࠗ࠲ࡘࠪࡦࠗࠕ࡮࠭࡯ࡏޔ‬ಝ❗㧔$'%㧕ߩ⥃⇇᷷ᐲ߇㜞ߊߥࠅኈ
ᤃߦಝ❗૕ߩ↢ᚑࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆ೑ὐࠍᜬߟ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ඨዉ૕⹜ᢱᄖㇱߦṳࠇ಴ߔࡈࠜ࠻࡞ࡒࡀ࠶࠮ࡦࠬ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ౝㇱࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦࠍ⋥ធ෻ᤋߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ಝ❗૕ߩᕈ⾰ࠍᒝ޿ࡈࠜ࠻࡞ࡒࡀ࠶࠮ࡦࠬశߩ᷹ቯߢⴕ
߃ࠆ‫ᦨޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬ㄭߩബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߦ㑐ߔࠆᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥ᭎⇛ࠍㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ
DVD ߿ Blu-ray ࠺ࠖࠬࠢߩ⺒ߺ಴ߒ↪ߦ૶ࠊࠇ
₸ߩ⇣ߥࠆᇦ⾰ߦࠃࠆ 1/4 ᵄ㐳ߩෘߐߩ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯
ߡ޿ࠆඨዉ૕࡟࡯ࠩ࡯߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕ߪశ
ࠍ㊀ߨࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬శߩ෻኿₸ࠍછᗧߦ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ
ߩ⊒↢ⵝ⟎ߣߒߡᐢߊ⃻ઍ␠ળߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߇ߢ߈ࠆ߇㧔distributed Bragg reflector㧕‫ߩߘޔ‬
࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇⊛߽ߒߊߪశቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߢવዉ
᭴ㅧࠍะ߆޿วࠊߖࠇ߫‫ޔ‬శߩ㐽ߓㄟ߼߇น⢻ߦ
Ꮺߦബ⿠ߐࠇߚ㔚ሶ߇ଔ㔚ሶᏪߦ⪭ߜࠆ㓙ߦߘߩ
ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢ߈ߥశᒝᐲࠍᜬߟቯ࿷ᵄ߇↢ߓࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ꮕߦ╬ߒ޿ᵄ㐳ߩశࠍ᡼಴ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ബ
ඨᵄ㐳ߩᢛᢙ୚ߩ㐳ߐߦ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ౒ᝄེߩ‫ᦨޔ‬
⿠⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆ☸ሶᢙ߇Ⴧടߒၮᐩ⁁ᘒᢙࠃࠅ߽ᄢ
߽ᄢ߈ߥశᒝᐲࠍᜬߟㇱಽߦ㊂ሶ੗ᚭࠍ㈩⟎ߔࠆ
߈ߊߥࠆ෻ォಽᏓ߇㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆߣ㑣୯ࠍ߻߆߃‫ޔ‬
ߣ‫ޔ‬శ-ബ⿠ሶ㑆ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯੤឵߇ല₸⦟ߊ⿠߈‫ޔ‬
࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⊒ᝄࠍ⿠ߎߔ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߦ߅޿
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ߇↢ߓࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߡߪ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬෻ォಽᏓ߇ᔅⷐߥߊ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯േ
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬వߦ
૞ࠍ߻߆߃ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޔ‬㔚᳇⊛ബ⿠ࠍ↪޿ࠆඨዉ૕
ߩߴߚૐᶖ⾌㔚ജ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߣߒߡߩᔕ↪น⢻ᕈߩ
శḮߣߒߡ⠨߃ߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ૐᶖ⾌㔚ജ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߣߒ
ઁߦ‫ࡦࠗ࠲ࡘࠪࡦࠗࠕ࡮࠭࡯ࡏޔ‬ಝ❗(Bose
ߡ૶↪ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ [1]‫ޕ‬
Einstein condensation, BEC)ߣ޿߁ၮ␆‛ℂ⎇
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ↪ߩඨዉ૕⹜ᢱߪએਅߩࠃ߁
ⓥ߳ߩㆡ↪ߣ޿߁஥㕙߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߥ᭴ㅧࠍ߽ߟ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ሶ⊒↢↪ߦᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬
⚂ 9nm ߩෘߐࠍ߽ߟࠟ࡝࠙ࡓࡅ⚛ GaAs ㊂ሶ੗ᚭ
㧞㧚ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗
ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߣߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ሶߣశ
BEC ߪߘߩฬߦ౰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ੑੱߩ‛ℂ
ߣ߇౒㡆ߒ੕޿ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ㆜ࠅขࠅߒ޽߁㊀
ቇ⠪ߦߘߩ⿠Ḯ߇ߐ߆ߩ߷ࠆ‫☸࠭࡯ࡏޕ‬ሶ㧔଀‫ޔ‬
ߨวࠊߖ⁁ᘒࠍᡆૃ⊛ߦ☸ሶߣ⷗ߥߒߚ႐วߩฬ
శሶ‫ޔ‬4He㧕‫☸ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޔ‬ሶ㧔଀‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ‫ޔ‬3He㧕ߣ
೨ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ബ⿠ሶߣ⚿วߔࠆశࠍ↪ᗧߔࠆ
޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ⚛☸ሶߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߩ㧝ߟߦฬ೨ࠍᱷ
ߚ߼ߦ‫౒ޔ‬ᝄེ᭴ㅧࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዮ᛬
ߔ Bose ߣ‫ޔ‬Bose ⛔⸘ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߣၮᐩ⁁ᘒ߳ߩ
18
18
߷ 0 ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߡߞࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⁁ᘒ਄ᣇ
Ꮒⷞ⊛ᢙߩ☸ሶ㓸ਛ㧔ಝ❗㧕߇⿠߈ࠆߎߣࠍ੍⸒
ߒߚ Einstein ߢ޽ࠆ‫࠲ࡘࠪࡦࠗࠕ࡮࠭࡯ࡏߩߎޕ‬
ࠗࡦಝ❗ߪ 1995 ᐕߦේሶ‛ℂߩಽ㊁ߢ㆐ᚑߐࠇ
ߚ[2,3]‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬21 ਎♿ߦ౉ߞߡ߆ࠄബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜
࡝࠻ࡦ♽ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ಝ❗૕ߩ↢ᚑ߇ታ⃻ߒߚ[4,5]‫ޕ‬
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߩ․⇣ߥὐߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬⍴ኼ
๮ᕈߦ⿠࿃ߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆ‫౒ࡠࠢࠗࡑޕ‬ᝄེਛߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ౒ᝄེ Q ୯㧔߅ࠃߘ૗࿁శ߇ᄖㇱߦṳࠇࠆ೨ߦ
౒ᝄེౝࠍ๟࿁ߢ߈ࠆ߆␜ߔ୯㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬10 ߩ 3 ਸ਼߆
ࠄ 4 ਸ਼ߢ޽ࠅ‫౒ޔ‬ᝄེౝశኼ๮ߪࡇࠦ⑽ࠝ࡯࠳࡯
ߣߥࠅࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ߽ห⒟ᐲߦߥࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬⍴ኼ๮ᕈ
ߩߚ߼‫ߪࡦ࠻࡝࡜ࡐޔ‬ബ⿠ߐࠇߡ߆ࠄᄖㇱ߳శߣ
ߒߡṳ಴ߒ፣უߔࠆ߹ߢߩ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬ᾲᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߦ㆐
࿑㧝㧚PL ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬
ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߩ⼏⺰߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᾲᐔⴧ BEC
ߩℂ⺰߇න⚐ߦㆡ↪ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ಝ❗
ࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ㧔upper polariton)ߣਅᣇࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ
ࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚ♽ߩಽᏓࠍ᷹ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ᾲᐔⴧߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ
(LP, lower polariton)߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡓ࠙࡝ࠟޕ‬
ਥᒛߔࠆ⺰ᢥ߽޽ࠆߩߛ߇[5]‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡᙬ⇼⊛
ࡅ⚛㊂ሶ੗ᚭߪ 1 ᨎߢߪ߅ࠃߘ 4meV ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
ߥ⷗ᣇ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ㕖ᐔⴧ♽ߣߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦ㕙⊕޿
࡯ಽⵚࠍ⿠ߎߔߩߛ߇‫⹜ߩߎޔ‬ᢱߢߪ 12 ᨎߩ㊂ሶ
♽ߛߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ᒙ޿⋧੕૞↪
੗ᚭࠍ↪޿ߡ߅ࠅ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᨎᢙߩᐔᣇᩮߦᲧ଀
☸ሶߩ BEC ࠍᛒ߁ Bogoliubov ℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆ‫ޔ‬ዊߐ
ߒߚಽߛߌࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽⵚ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅ‫⚂ޔ‬
޿ㆇേ㊂㗔ၞߢಽᢔ㑐ଥ߇✢ᒻㄭૃߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁
14meV㧔⚂ 7nm㧕ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
੍⸒߇ࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ᒰߡߪ߹ࠄߥ޿ߩ
᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߐߖߡ޿ߊߣ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ሶ‫౒ޔ‬ᝄེߣ߽ߦ
ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ੍᷹ߔࠆℂ⺰߽⊒ዷߒߡ޿ࠆ[6,7]‫ޕ‬
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡟࠶࠼ࠪࡈ࠻߇⿠߈ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ሶߩࠪ
એਅߢߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩᚒ‫ࡦ࠻࡝࡜ࡐߩޘ‬ಝ❗⎇ⓥߦߟ
ࡈ࠻㊂߇ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿ߚ߼⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ࠺࠴ࡘ࡯࠾ࡦࠣ
޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬150K ߢߪ‫ߪࠣࡦ࠾࡯ࡘ࠴࠺ޔ‬
20meV એ਄ߢ޽ࠅࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦߪ߽ߪ߿ᒻᚑߐࠇ
㧟㧚ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦታ㛎
ߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢߎߩߊࠄ޿ߩ᷷ᐲ
ࠟ࡝࠙ࡓࡅ⚛㊂ሶ੗ᚭബ⿠ሶߩ᧤❈ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
ߢߪシ޿ᱜሹߦࠃࠆബ⿠ሶߣ౒ᝄེߣߩᒝ⚿ว߇
ߪ߅ࠃߘ 10meV ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ቶ᷷ࠍ฽߻㜞᷷ߢ
⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߛ߇‫ ߽ࠇߘޔ‬200K ߦ㆐ߔࠆ߹
ߪ㔚ሶ-ᱜሹኻߩ᧤❈߇ߣߌߡߒ߹߁‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬ᶧ૕
ߢߦߪᒙ⚿ว߳ߣ⥋ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᒙ⚿ว㗔ၞߣߪ‫౒ޔ‬
ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓࠢ࡜ࠗࠝࠬ࠲࠶࠻ߦߡૐ᷷߹ߢ಄ළߒߡ
ᝄེ-ബ⿠ሶߩᒝ⚿วߦࠃࠆࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦᒻᚑ߇⿠
ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁[8,9,10]‫⹜ޕ‬ᢱ߆ࠄ⊒↢ߔࠆశߪ‫࡜ࠢޔ‬
߈ߥ޿ߢ‫౒ޔ‬ᝄེࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪቢోߦಽ㔌ߒߡ޿
ࠗࠝࠬ࠲࠶࠻ᄖㇱߩశቇ♽ߢ㓸శߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ಽశེߣ
ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬᷷ᐲߢബ⿠ኒᐲࠍ਄᣹ߐߖߡ޿ߊߣ޽ࠆ
ߘࠇߦઃዻߒߚ CCD ࠞࡔ࡜ߦߡᬌ಴ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑
ὐߢ㑣୯ࠍ߻߆߃‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬േ૞ࠍᆎ߼ࠆ㧔࿑ 2㧕‫ޕ‬
㧝ߦಝ❗㑣୯ࠃࠅബ⿠ኒᐲ߇ਅߩ㗔ၞߢ᷹ቯߒߚ
ߟ߹ࠅหߓ⹜ᢱࠍ↪޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎ
ࡈࠜ࠻࡞ࡒࡀ࠶࠮ࡦࠬ㧔PL㧕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᷷ᐲଐሽ
ߣߢૐ᷷ߢߩࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗㧔ࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ࡟࡯ࠩ
ᕈࠍࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐ᷷ 10K ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ሶ
࡯㧕߆ࠄ㜞᷷ߢߩㅢᏱߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߣ޿ߞߚਔᣇߩ
-౒ᝄེ㑆ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ꮕ㧔࠺࠴ࡘ࡯࠾ࡦࠣ㧕߇߶
ᝄ⥰޿ࠍⷰኤߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
19
19
޿ࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅ‫⋥ߩ࠴ࡦ࡜ࡉߩ⽶ޔ‬ធ PL ᷹ቯߦᚑ
ഞߒߚ㧔࿑ 3㧕‫ޕ‬
࿑ 2㧚200 K ߦ߅ߌࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯േ૞ߩ PL ಽᢔ㑐
࿑ 3㧚10 K ߦ߅ߌࠆࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߩ PL ಽᢔ
ଥ‫ޕ‬a: 㑣୯ਅ‫ޕ‬b:㑣୯‫ޕ‬c : 㑣୯㆔߆਄‫ޕ‬㑣୯
㑐ଥ‫ޕ‬a: 㑣୯ਅ‫ޕ‬b:㑣୯‫ޕ‬c : 㑣୯ߩ 4 ୚‫ޕ‬d: 㑣
਄ߢ߽ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ߶߷⇐߹ࠅ‫ࡉޔ‬
୯ߩ⚂ 100 ୚‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ኒᐲ਄᣹ߣ౒ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
࡞࡯ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ⿠ߎߔࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߣኻᾖ⊛ߥ
ࡉ࡞࡯ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬d ߢߪ᣿⏕ߥ⽶ߩ
ᝄ⥰޿ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ಽᢔ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 3a ߪ㑣୯ਅߩ LP ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠴ߩ PL ߢ޽ࠅ㧔࿑ 2
㧠㧚⽶ߩಽᢔߩ᷹ⷰ
ߩ౒ᝄེࡕ࡯࠼ߣᲧセߒߡᦛ₸߇ዊߐߊ᦭ല⾰㊂
ߎࠇ߹ߢࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߢߪ‫⿥ޔ‬ᵹേ[11]‫ޔ‬㊂
߇ᄢ߈޿‫ޔ‬ᓥߞߡ౒ᝄེ⾰㊂ࠃࠅ߽㆔߆ߦ㊀޿ബ
ሶ᷵[12]‫ޔ‬᷵-෻᷵ኻᒻᚑ[10]‫ޔ‬Bogoliubov ബ⿠ࠬ
⿠ሶߣߩᒝ⚿ว⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧕‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁
ࡍࠢ࠻࡞[9]‫ޔ‬㜞ᰴ⋧㑐㑐ᢙߩࠗࡦࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ
ᘒ߳ߩಽᏓߩ㓸ਛ߇߹ߛ⿠߈ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࿑ 3b ߇㑣
[13]ߥߤ᭽‫․ߥޘ‬ᓽ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᒙ޿⋧੕
୯ߢߩ PL ಽᢔ࿑ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ߳ߩ
૞↪ߩ޽ࠆࡏ࡯࠭☸ሶ♽ߢߩ BEC ࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆ
ಽᏓߩ㓸ਛ߇⿠߈‫ޔ‬PL ᒝᐲ߇ߘߎߛߌᭂ┵ߦᄢ߈
Bogoliubov ℂ⺰ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ಝ❗૕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦኻߒߡ
ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡈ࡜ࠣޕ‬Ფߦ PL ᒝᐲࠍ⦡ߢⷙᩰൻ
ᱜ⽶ਔᣇߩബ⿠ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇ሽ࿷ߒᓧ߃ࠆ[6,7]৻
ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ࿑ 3a ߣᲧセߒߡ‫ޔ‬㕖✢ᒻߥ
ᣇ‫⋥ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ធ PL ߦࠃࠆ᷹ⷰߪߐࠇߡߎߥ߆
ᒝᐲჇട߇⿠߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ኒᐲࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߊߣ
ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭಝ❗૕ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߦ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍᛂߜ
㧔࿑ 3c㧕‫ࡦ࠻࡝࡜ࡐޔ‬ห჻ߩ෻⊒⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃࠅ
ㄟߺ‫ߩߣ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬ᢔੂㆊ⒟ࠍዉ౉ߒ
♽ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪჇടߔࠆ৻ᣇ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ࠬ࡞ࡄޔ‬
ߡ㑆ធ⊛ߦ⽶ߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠴ࠍ᷹ⷰߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪႎ๔ߐ
ߦࠃࠆ㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߳ߩബ⿠߆ࠄᓢ‫✭ߦޘ‬๺ߒߚ
ࠇߚߩߛ߇[14]‫ޔ‬㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߳ߩബ⿠߇✭๺ߒ
ࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦ߇ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ⾂߹ࠆߚ߼ኒᐲ߇ᤨ㑆ᄌ
ᒻᚑߐࠇߚಝ❗૕ߦࠃࠆ᷹ⷰߪήߊ‫⊒⥄ޔ‬ᒻᚑಝ
ൻߔࠆ੐ߢ‫ޔ‬ಝ❗૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇ᐢ
❗૕߆ࠄߩ depletion㧔☸ሶᢙߩᷫ⴮㧕ߦࠃࠆബ⿠
߇ߞߡ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ߦᦝޕ‬ኒᐲࠍჇടߐߖ⛯ߌࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ PL ᷹ⷰ߇น⢻ߥߩ߆⏕ቯߒߚ⼏⺰߇
ࠢ࡝ࠕ࡯ߥ⽶ߩಽᢔ߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧔࿑ 3d㧕‫ޕ‬
ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
⽶ߩಽᢔ߇㜞ബ⿠㗔ၞߢߩߺ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߣ
ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬㑣୯ࠃࠅ㆔߆ߦബ⿠ኒᐲ߇㜞޿㗔ၞ߹
ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐബ⿠㗔ၞߦ߅
ߢ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯േ૞ߦㆫ⒖ߖߕߦ೔㆐ߢ߈ࠆ⹜ᢱࠍ↪
޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ಝ❗૕߆ࠄߩ depletion ߪਥߦࡐ࡜࡝࠻
20
20
ࡦߣࡈࠜࡁࡦߩᢔੂߦࠃߞߡ⿠߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ಝ❗૕߆ࠄ
Science, 269, 198 (1995).
ᢔੂߦࠃߞߡなࠅ಴ߐࠇߚ☸ሶߪᱜߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠴ߦ
[3] K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews,
ਸ਼ࠅߘߎ߆ࠄ PL ߣߒߡ⊒శߔࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㆔߆ߦ
N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn,
㜞޿ബ⿠ኒᐲߦߥࠆߣၮᐩ⁁ᘒߩಝ❗૕ࠍ᭴ᚑߔ
and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969
ࠆ☸ሶห჻ߩᢔੂ⏕₸߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬႐วࠛ
(1995).
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮ㆇേ㊂଻ሽߦࠃࠅ ᣇߩ☸ሶߪᱜߩࡉ
[4]H. Deng, G. Weihs, C. Santori, J. Bloch, and Y.
࡜ࡦ࠴ߦなࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆ৻ᣇ‫ ߁߽ޔ‬ᣇߪ⽶ߩࡉ
Yamamoto, Science, 298 199 (2002)
࡜ࡦ࠴ߦਸ਼ࠆ੐ߦߥࠆ‫ߡߒ߁ߘޕ‬ᱜ⽶ਔᣇߩࡉ࡜
[5] J. Kasprzak, M. Richard, S. Kundermann, P.
ࡦ࠴߆ࠄߩ⊒శ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᱜߩࡉ࡜ࡦ࠴ߦ
Jeambrun, J. M. J. Keeling, F. M. Marchetti, M.
㑐ߒߡߪ㔚ሶ-ᱜሹኻߦኻߒߡ⁁ᘒኒᐲ߇ሽ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬
H. Szymanska, R. Andre, J. L. Staehli, V.
ߘߩ㔚ሶ-ᱜሹኻߪ final state stimulation ߦࠃࠅ
Savona, P. B. Littlewood, B. Deveaud, and Le Si
ౣ߮ಝ❗૕ߦᚯࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫࡜ࡉߩ⽶߇ࠇߘޕ‬
Dang, Nature 443, 409 (2006)
ࡦ࠴ߩᣇ߇᣿ࠆߊߥࠆℂ↱ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
[6]M. Wouters, M. and I. Carusotto, Phys. Rev.
㧡㧚߹ߣ߼
Lett. 99, 140402 (2007).
ബ⿠ሶࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬⍴ኼ๮ߦࠃࠆ㕖
and P. B. Littlewood, Phys. Rev. B 72, 115320
ᐔⴧᕈߩߚ߼ߦขࠅᛒ޿ߩ㔍ߒ޿⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߢ޽ࠆ
(2005)
߇‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩℂ⺰⎇ⓥߢ଀߃߫ᐔⴧ BEC ߦ߅޿ߡ
[8] C. W. Lai, N. Y. Kim, G. Roumpos, H. Deng,
Bogoliubov ℂ⺰ߢߩขࠅᛒ޿ߦࠃࠅ✢ᒻㄭૃߢ
M. D. Fraser, T. Byrnes, P. Rechter, N. Kumada,
߈ࠆബ⿠ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬㕖ᐔⴧ㐿᡼♽ࠍขࠅᛒ߁
T. Fujisawa, and Y. Yamamoto, Nature 450, 529
Gross-Pitaevskii ᣇ⒟ᑼߢߪᔅߕߒ߽✢ᒻߦߥࠄ
(2007)
ߕ‫ޔ‬ᐔမߥ㗔ၞ߿ੑᰴᦛ✢ㄭૃߢ߈ࠆ㗔ၞ߇޽ࠅ
[9] S. Utsunomiya, L. Tian, G. Roumpos, C. W.
߃ࠆ੐߇␜ߐࠇࠆߥߤㅴዷ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᾲᐔⴧߦ
Lai, N. Kumada, T. Fujisawa, M.
ߥ޿ BEC㧔ߘࠇ߇ࡐ࡜࡝࠻ࡦಝ❗ࠍ BEC ߣ๭߱
Kuwata-Gonokami, A. Loffler, S. Hofling, A.
ߣߒ߫ߒ߫ᛕ್ߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߣ⠨߃ࠆ߇㧕ߣ޿߁੐
Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, Nature Physics 4,
ታ߇‫ޔ‬ᰳὐߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㕖ᐔⴧ♽ߩ⼾ንߥ‛ℂߩ⎇
700 (2008).
ⓥኻ⽎ߣߒߡߩ߅߽ߒࠈߐࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ
[10] Georgios Roumpos, Michael D. Fraser,
ߎߣ߽಴᧪ࠆ‫⁁ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᴫਅߢ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ-ᱜሹߥߤ[15,16]ߩㅴዷ߇಴ᆎ߼ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ᬌ⸽ߣߩ
Andreas Löffler, Sven Höfling, Alfred Forchel
and Yoshihisa Yamamoto, Nat. Phys. 7, 129
(2010)
Ყセߪߣߡ߽⥝๧ᷓ޿࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
[11]A. Amo, D. Sanvitto, F. P. Laussy, D.
[7] J. Keeling, P. R. Eastham, M. H. Szymanska,
శ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ᭽‫࡯ࡃ࡯ࠝࠬࡠࠢߩ⋧ߥޘ‬ℂ⺰⎇ⓥ
Ballarini, E. del Valle, M. D. Martin, A.
Lema×tre, J. Bloch, D. N. Krizhanovskii, M. S.
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Skolnick, C. Tejedor, and L. Vina, Nature 457,
[1]A.Imamoglu, R. J. Ram, S. Pau, and Y.
291 (2009)
Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. A 53, 4250 (1996).
[12]K. G. Lagoudakis, M. Wouters, M. Richard,
[2] M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R.
A. Baas, I. Carusotto, R. André, Le Si Dang and
Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell,
B. Deveaud-Plédran Nat. Phys. 4, 706 (2008)
21
21
[13] T. Horikiri, P. Schwendimann, A.
Quattropani, S.Hofling, A. Forchel, and Y.
Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. B 81, 033307 (2010).
[14]V. Kohnle, Y. Leger, M. Wouters, M. Richard, M.
T. Portella-Oberli, and B. Deveaud-PledranPhys. Rev.
Lett. 106, 255302 (2011).
[15]K. Kamide, T. Ogawa, Phys. Rev. B 83,
165319 (2011)
[16]M. Yamaguchi, K. Kamide, T. Ogawa, and Y.
Yamamoto, New journal of Physics 14, 065001
(2012)
⪺⠪⚫੺
᳁ฬ ၳಾ ᥓਯ
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦㊂ሶశቇ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶᖱႎ
࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲጊᧄ⎇⎇ⓥຬ‫ޔ‬
᧲੩ᄢቇᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼శ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮
ࡦ࠲࡯ㅪ៤⎇ⓥຬ
᳁ฬ ጊᧄ ༑ਭ
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦㊂ሶశቇ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶᖱႎ
࿖┙ᖱႎቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼
ࠬ࠲ࡦࡈࠜ࡯࠼ᄢቇᔕ↪‛ℂቇ⑼࡮㔚᳇
Ꮏቇ⑼ᢎ᝼
᧲੩ᄢቇᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼శ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮
ࡦ࠲࡯ㅪ៤⎇ⓥຬ
ᦨవ┵ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㊂ሶᖱႎಣℂࡊࡠࠫࠚ
ࠢ࠻ਛᔃ⎇ⓥ⠪‫ޔߡ޿߅ߦࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊᧄޕ‬
৻ㇱࠍశ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢ੖␹ࠣ
࡞࡯ࡊߣ౒หታᣉ‫ޕ‬
᳁ฬ ੖␹ ⌀
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦శ‛ᕈ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢ
ࠬ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶశቇ
᧲੩ᄢቇℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼‛ℂቇኾ᡹ᢎ᝼
ห‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼㒝ዻశ㊂ሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ࠮
ࡦ࠲࡯‫࡯࠲ࡦ࠮ޔ‬㐳
22
22
ጀ⁁‛⾰ߦࠃࠆ㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ⎇ⓥ
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇ♽ኾ᡹⑼࡮㊂ሶ⋧ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ᒛᅂഹ‫ޔ‬ฟഒᝈ‫ޔ‬ጤ૒⟵ብ
㔚⇇ലᨐ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߣߪ‫ޔ‬㔚࿶ߦࠃߞߡ࿕૕⴫㕙ߢߩࠠࡖ࡝ࡗᢙࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬㔚ᵹࠍ
ࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߒߚࠅჇ᏷ߒߚࠅߔࠆ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍ IT ␠ળߩၮᐙ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫⚛ߩߎޕ‬ሶ߇ೋ߼ߡ⊒᣿
ߐࠇߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ඨ਎♿એ਄೨ߩ 1960 ᐕߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫‛ࠄ߆ᤨߩߘޔ‬ℂቇ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬㔚⇇ലᨐ࠻࡜ࡦ
ࠫࠬ࠲ߩේℂࠍ૶ߞߡ‫ޔ‬නߥࠆࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࡦࠣࠍ⿥߃ߚᯏ⢻ࠍഃ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿߆ߣᄞ⷗ߡ߈ߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭ‫ޔ‬
ඨዉ૕࡮㔚⸃⾰⇇㕙ߦ⥄Ꮖ⚵❱⊛ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀࠍࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼⤑ߩઍࠊࠅߦ↪޿ࠆ㔚᳇ੑ
㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕ࠍ⿥વዉߦォ⒖ߐߖࠆߥߤߩ㔚⇇⺃⿠⋧ォ⒖߇น⢻ߦߥߞߡ߈
ߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩේℂߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆᦨㄭߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
㔚⇇ലᨐ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲
ࡄ࡯࠰࠽࡞ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲߿៤Ꮺ㔚⹤ࠍߪߓ߼ߣ
࡯ࡇࡦࠣߦࠃࠅ⿥વዉ⋥೨ߩࠠࡖ࡝ࡗᢙࠍᜬߟ⁁
ߔࠆ㔚ሶᯏེߩᔃ⤳ㇱߪ㓸Ⓧ࿁〝ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㓸Ⓧ
ᘒࠍታ⃻ߒ‫ߦߎߘޔ‬㔚⇇ലᨐߦࠃߞߡࠊߕ߆ߥࠠ
࿁〝ߪήᢙߩ㔚⇇ലᨐ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲(FET)߆ࠄ᭴
ࡖ࡝ࡗࠍട▚ߒ⿥વዉࠍታ⃻ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬FET ߪ㔚ᵹߩᵹࠇ߿ߔߐ(વዉᐲ)
ߒ߆ߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᴺߪൻቇ⊛ߥ࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣ߇น⢻ߥ
ࠍ㔚࿶ߦࠃߞߡ೙ᓮߔࠆࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ⚛ሶߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
‛⾰ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᚻᴺࠍ᭽‫ߦ⾰‛ߥޘ‬ዷ
FET ߩ᭴ㅧߪ࿑ 1 ߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠅ‫࡞ࡀࡖ࠴ޔ‬ඨዉ
㐿ߒߚࠅᣂⷙ⿥વዉߩត⚝ߦ↪޿ࠆߣ޿߁ᣇะߦ
૕᧚ᢱߣࠥ࡯࠻㔚ᭂߢࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲᭴ㅧࠍታ⃻ߒߡ
ߪߥ߆ߥ߆ߟߥ߇ࠄߥ޿‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ FET
޿ࠆ‫ߦ࠲ࠪࡄࡖࠠߩߎޕ‬㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ߩᯏ⢻ࠍ⿥߃ߚ㔚⇇ߦࠃࠆ㔚ሶ⋧೙ᓮࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔ
ߞߡ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ਛߦ㔚⩄ࠍ⫾Ⓧߒ‫ߩ࡞ࡀࡖ࠴ޔ‬વዉ
ࠆ႐ว‫✼⛘ޔ‬૕᧚ᢱߩᩮᧄ⊛ߥ㕟ᣂ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᐲࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣߢࠬࠗ࠶࠴ߩ ON ߣ OFF ࠍ
ಾࠅᦧ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᓥ᧪ߩ FET ߪ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕࠴ࡖࡀ࡞᧚ᢱߪ Si ࠍ‫ޔ‬
ࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼⤑᧚ᢱߪ SiO2 ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ᧚ᢱߢ᭴
ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㜞ᕈ⢻ൻ‫ޔ‬ૐᶖ⾌㔚ജࠍ⋡⊛ߣ
ߒߡ᭽‫᧚ߥޘ‬ᢱ߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽‫ޔ‬㜞޿
⺃㔚₸ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ޿ࠊࠁࠆ high-k ᧚ᢱ߿‫࡯࡝ࡕࡔޔ‬
ᯏ⢻ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆᒝ⺃㔚᧚ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬
࿑ 1㧦㔚⇇ലᨐ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩᮨᑼ࿑
࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ඨዉ૕(⿒)ߩਔ┵ߦੑߟߩ㊄ዻ(㤛
࿯⦡)㔚ᭂ(࠰࡯ࠬ‫ߣࡦࠗ࡟࠼ޔ‬๭߱)ߣ‫ޔ‬਄
ㇱߦ⺃㔚૕ࠍ᜽ࠎߢ৻ߟߩ㊄ዻ㔚ᭂ(ࠥ࡯
࠻ߣ๭߱)߇❬߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄ㇱ㔚ᭂߣඨዉ
૕ࠍࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪
ߩ㑆ߦ㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߎߣߢඨዉ૕⴫㕙ߦ
㔚⩄⺃⿠ࠍߒߡવዉᐲࠍᄢ᏷ߦᄌൻߐߖࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⫾Ⓧ㔚⩄㊂ߩჇടࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߚ߼‫ߡߞࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬
ඨዉ૕ߩᣂߚߥᯏ⢻ࠍഃ಴ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ
ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
ታ㓙‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕ೨ᓟߦߪ‫᧚ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢱࠍࠥ࡯࠻
⛘✼⤑ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫᧚࡞ࡀࡖ࠴ޔ‬ᢱߦ
૶↪ߒߚ㌃㉄ൻ‛ߩ㔚⇇⺃⿠⿥વዉࠍታ⃻ߒߚႎ
๔߇⋧ᰴ޿ߢߥߐࠇߚ[1]‫ޔߪࠄࠇߎޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ߥ࠼
23
23
㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲
ߘߎߢᚒ‫߇ޘ‬ᵈ⋡ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀࠠࡖ
ࡄࠪ࠲ߢ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ੑᰴ㔚ᳰߩ㔚ᭂ⴫㕙ߦᒻᚑߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠝࠗߪ࠲ࠪࡄࡖࠠߩߎޕ‬
ࡦࠍ฽߻ᶧ૕(㔚⸃ᶧ߿ࠗࠝࡦᶧ૕)ߣ࿕૕ߩ⇇㕙
ߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㔚᳇ൻቇ⊛ߥࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠗޔ‬
ࠝࡦߩඨᓘ߇ᭂ᧼㑆〒㔌ߦኻᔕߒ‫ޔ‬ᢙΈ㨪1 nm ߣ
޿߁㕖Ᏹߦ⁜޿ᭂ᧼〒㔌ࠍᜬߟࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲(EDLT)ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ FET
࿑ 3㧦࡞ࡉ࡟ࡦ FET ߩવዉᐲߩ㔚࿶ଐሽᕈ
ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ੑᰴ㔚ᳰߩ㔚ᭂߩ৻ᣇࠍඨዉ૕ߦ⟎߈឵
߃ߚ᭴ㅧࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ(࿑ 2)߇‫ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬㕒㔚ኈ㊂
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[2]ࠃࠅᒁ↪‫ޕ‬㔚⸃⾰߿ࠗࠝࡦᶧ૕
߇㘧べ⊛ߦჇᄢߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 3 ߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫✼⛘࠻࡯ࠥߥޘ‬
ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߢࠊߕ߆ߥ㔚࿶ߢ߽ᄢ߈ߥ
⤑ࠍ↪޿ߡ૞⵾ߒߚ᦭ᯏඨዉ૕࡞ࡉ࡟ࡦන⚿᥏
વዉᐲߩᄌൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
FET ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬વዉᐲߩࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ଐሽᕈࠍ߹ߣ
ߪᓥ᧪ߩ FET ߩᦨ㜞୯ࠃࠅ߽ᦝߦ㧝ᩴએ਄㜞޿‫ޕ‬
߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫”ޕ‬This work”ߣ⸥ߐࠇߚ EDLT
ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ‫߽ᦨޔ‬᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ⺃㔚૕ߦ SiO2 ࠍ૶
ߢߪ‫․ޔ‬ᕈ߇߶߷ု⋥ߦ┙ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ FET
↪ߒߚ߽ߩߪ~ 1012 /cm2‫ޔ‬㜞⺃㔚૕ HfO2 ߢߪ~
ࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ߆ߦዊߐߥࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߢ㜞޿વዉᐲࠍ
1013 /cm2 ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬EDLT ߢߪ 1014 /cm2 ࠍఝߦ
ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ[2]‫ޕ‬
⿥߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬୯߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ
๧ࠍᜬߟߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆㧫࿑ 4 ߪ᭽‫ߩ⾰‛ߥޘ‬㔚⩄
ኒᐲࠍᄌൻߐߖ‫✼⛘߇⾰‛ߩߘޔ‬૕࡮ඨዉ૕࡮㊄
ዻ߳ᄌൻߒߡࠁߊㆊ⒟ߢ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉࠍ฽߼ߚ․⇣ߥ
㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⃻ࠇࠆߩ߆ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩ
ߢ޽ࠆ[1]‫ޕ‬1012 ~ 1013 /cm2 ⒟ᐲߢߪ৻᭽ߦඨዉ૕
⊛ߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬1014 /cm2 ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ޽
ߚࠅ߆ࠄฦ‛⾰․᦭ߩ․⇣ߥ㔚ሶ⋧߇಴⃻ߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ
࿑ 2㧦㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩᮨᑼ࿑
⺃㔚૕ߣߒߡࠗࠝࡦࠍ฽߻ᶧ૕(㔚⸃ᶧ߿
ࠗࠝࡦᶧ૕)ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ FET ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡖࠠޕ‬
ࡄࠪ࠲ㇱಽߦ㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߣᶧ૕ਛߩࠗ
ࠝࡦ߇ඨዉ૕⴫㕙ߦ⒖േߒ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀࠠ
ࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ߩ࠲ࠪࡄࡖࠠߩߎޕ‬ᭂ
᧼㑆〒㔌ߪࠗࠝࡦඨᓘ⒟ᐲߣ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ޿
ߚ߼‫ߥ߆ߕࠊޔ‬㔚࿶ශടߢ߽ඨዉ૕ߩવዉ
ᐲࠍ഍⊛ߦᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 4㧦ᄙ᭽ߥ‛⾰ߩ㔚ሶ⋧ߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲଐሽᕈ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[1]ࠃࠅᒁ↪‫ޕ‬᭽‫ߡ޿߅ߦ⾰‛ߥޘ‬
1014 ~ 1015 /cm2 ⒟ᐲߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲߢ⇣ߥࠆ㔚
ሶ⋧߇಴⃻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩᣂᯏ⢻
EDLT ߩᏂᄢߥ㕒㔚ኈ㊂߇߽ߚࠄߔ㔚⩄ߩኒᐲ
24
24
޿ࠆ㧦 EDLT ᭴ㅧࠍ↪޿ߡ㔚⩄ࠍ⺃⿠ߔࠇ߫㔚⇇
㜞⫾Ⓧ㔚⩄㊂ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߣߒߡᦼᓙ߇߆
ലᨐ⋧ォ⒖߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ర᧪㔚⩄ኒᐲࠍ੺ߒߚ
߆ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⋧೙ᓮ߽߳ᔕ↪ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߘޕ‬
㔚ሶ⋧ߩ೙ᓮߪൻቇ࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ⚿᥏ߦ”
ࠇߥࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬ੑߟߩᣇะᕈࠍหᤨߦḩ⿷ߒߡߊࠇ
ਇ⚐‛”ࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣߢታ⃻ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬
ࠆ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞‛⾰ߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆㧫
ਇ⚐‛߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦട߃⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⥄૕߇
EDLT ߩ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞‛⾰ߦⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆᕈ⢻ߪ૗ߢ
ᄌൻߔࠆ‫ߚߞ޿ߣޔ‬໧㗴ὐ߇ᔅὼ⊛ߦ⊒↢ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
޽ࠈ߁߆㧫࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߦ⫾Ⓧߐࠇࠆ㔚⩄ߪ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞
㔚⇇ലᨐࠍ↪޿ࠇ߫ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᔃ㈩ߪߥߊ⚐☴ߦ
‛⾰⴫㕙ߩᭂ߼ߡ⭯޿㗔ၞ㧔” 1 nm㧕ߦߛߌሽ࿷
㔚⩄ኒᐲߛߌࠍᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬EDLT
ߔࠆߚ߼‫⴫ߩߎޔ‬㕙߇ේሶ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢᐔမߢ޽ࠇ߫
ߪ⋧ォ⒖ߩ⎇ⓥߦ㕖Ᏹߦ᦭ലߥᣂᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒
޽ࠆ⒟ᅢ߹ߒ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔမ㕙ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ
߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪㅢᏱߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ኈᤃߢߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ጀ⁁‛⾰ߪ‫ޔ‬
EDLT ࠍ↪޿ߚ㔚⇇ലᨐ⋧೙ᓮߩ⎇ⓥߪᣢߦᆎ
Ყセ⊛◲නߦේሶᐔမ㕙߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‛⾰ߣߒߡ⍮
߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩᚑഞߪ㉄ൻ੝㋦(ZnO)ߩ⛘✼૕
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿࠻ࠗࠔࡈ࡜ࠣޔߦ․ޕ‬᥏ࠍࠬࠦ࠶࠴
㧙㊄ዻォ⒖ߢ޽ࠆ[3]‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ࠴࠲ࡦ㉄ࠬ࠻ࡠࡦ࠴
࠹࡯ࡊߦࠃߞߡഎ㐿ߒߡ‫ޔ‬නጀࠣ࡜ࡈࠚࡦ߇ᓧࠄ
࠙ࡓ(SrTiO3)߿⓸ൻႮൻࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓ(ZrNCl)ߩ
ࠇࠆߎߣ߇⏕┙ߒߚ⃻࿷[7]‫ߩߎޔ‬ᚻᴺࠍࠣ࡜ࡈࠔ
⿥વዉォ⒖߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߦߥߞߡൻቇ࠼࡯ࡇ
ࠗ࠻ߣห᭽ࡈࠔࡦ࠺࡞ࡢ࡯࡞ࠬࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍᜬߟ
ࡦࠣߢߪ⿥વዉࠍ␜ߐߥ޿࠲ࡦ࠲࡞㉄ࠞ࡝࠙ࡓ
᭽‫ߥޘ‬ጀ⁁‛⾰ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߩߪ‫⾰‛࡞ࡀࡖ࠴ޔ‬ត
(KTaO3)߇㔚⇇ലᨐߦࠃߞߡ⿥વዉ૕ォ⒖ߔࠆߎ
⚝ߩ╙৻ᱠߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬
ߣ߽⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ[4]‫⿥ޔߚ߹ޕ‬વዉߩߺߥࠄߕᒝ⏛
ߘߎߢᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬ㆫ⒖㊄ዻࠞ࡞ࠦࠥ࠽ࠗ࠼(TMD)
ᕈ⋧[5]߿ࡕ࠶࠻⛘✼૕⋧[6]ߩ೙ᓮ߽ታ⃻ߐࠇߡ
ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ৻⟲ߩ‛⾰ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ‫ޕ‬TMD ߦዻߔࠆ
߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ᭽‫ߩ⾰‛ߥޘ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ㔚ሶ⋧߳ߩᔕ↪߇
‛⾰ߪ᭴ᚑర⚛ߩ⒳㘃ߦଐࠄߕ࿑ 6 ߩࠃ߁ߥጀ⁁
ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
᭴ㅧࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦߣߎ޿ࠈߒ߽߅ޕ‬᭴ᚑర⚛ࠍ
ߜࠂߞߣᄌ߃ࠆߛߌߢඨዉ૕߆ࠄ㊄ዻߦᄌࠊߞߚ
ࠅ‫ߪߦᦝޔ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ㔚ሶ⋧(㔚⩄ኒᐲᵄ߿⿥વዉ╬)
߇੕޿ߦ┹วߒ޽ߞߚࠅ౒ሽߒߚࠅߔࠆߚ߼‫⋧ޔ‬
೙ᓮࠍⴕ߁ߦ߽ᜬߞߡ᧪޿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᢙ޽ࠆ TMD ߩਛߢ߹ߕᵈ⋡ߒߚߩߪੑ⎫ൻࡕ
࡝ࡉ࠺ࡦ(MoS2)ߢ޽ࠆ‫⋧ޕ‬೙ᓮߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
ߎߩ‛⾰ߪൻቇ࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ⿥વዉࠍ␜ߔ
[8]‫(ࡊ࠶ࡖࠡ࠼ࡦࡃޔߚ߹ޕ‬1.3eV)߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߚ߼
ߦࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ⚛ሶߣߒߡ߽૶↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈
ࠆ[9]‫ ߩߎޕ‬MoS2 ߣ޿߁‛⾰‫ޔ‬ታߪࠣ࡜ࡈࠚࡦห
࿑ 5㧦EDLT ߦࠃࠆ㔚⇇⺃⿠⿥વዉ
ൻቇ࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣߦࠃߞߡ⿥વዉࠍ␜ߔ‛⾰
(SrTiO3 ߿ ZrNCl)ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ૕ߣ
ߒߡ⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ KTaO3 ߢ߽㔚
⇇⺃⿠⿥વዉォ⒖߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
᭽りㄭߥ‛⾰ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿕૕ߩẢṖ೷ߣߒߡ 100 ᐕ
ㄭ޿ᱧผ߇޽ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߢ߽ᑪ⸳ᯏ᪾ߩ᠁േㇱ߿ゞ
ߩࡉ࡟࡯ࠠ᧚ᢱ‫ࠗࠝࠠ࡯࡟ࡉ߿࡞ࠗࠝࡦࠫࡦࠛޔ‬
࡞ߩಽᢔ೷ߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߆࡞ࠗࠝࡦࠫࡦࠛޕ‬
ࠄขࠅ಴ߒߚᚑಽߦੇ㔚ᳰࠍ❬޿ߛࠄ⸘▚ᯏߩઍ
ࠊࠅߦߥߞߚࠅ⿥વዉࠍ␜ߒߚࠅߔࠆ‫ߣߞࠂߜޔ‬
ᣂߚߥ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞‛⾰ߩ୥⵬
ࡢࠢࡢࠢߒߚࠅߒߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆㧫
ߎࠇ߹ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬EDLT ߪૐ㔚࿶㚟േߣ
25
25
ߌ‫ޔߦߎߘޔ‬㔚ሶ✢ឬ↹ⵝ⟎ࠍ↪޿ߡ Ti/Au ߩ㔚
ᭂࠍ૞⵾ߒߚ‫ࡦࠝࠗߦߎߘޕ‬ᶧ૕ࠍṢਅߔࠆߎߣ
ߦࠃߞߡ EDLT ߇ቢᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
MoS2㧙EDLT ߩౖဳ⊛ߥવ㆐․ᕈ㧔વዉᐲߣࠥ
࡯࠻㔚࿶ߩ㑐ଥ㧕ࠍ࿑ 7 ߦ␜ߔ‫࠻࡯ࠥޕ‬㔚࿶ VG
ࠍᱜߦශടߔࠆߣ㔚ሶ߇‫ߦ⽶ޔ‬ශടߔࠆߣᱜሹ߇
⫾Ⓧߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਔᣇߣ߽ MoS2 ߩࠪ࡯࠻વዉᐲ߇┙
ߜ਄߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬MoS2
࿑ 6㧦ㆫ⒖㊄ዻࠞ࡞ࠦࠥ࠽ࠗ࠼ߩ᭴ㅧ
⿒ߣ㕍ߩ⃿ߪߘࠇߙࠇㆫ⒖㊄ዻේሶߣࠞ࡞
ࠦࠥࡦේሶࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
‫ޟ‬නጀ‫ࡦࠥࠦ࡞ࠞߪޠ‬㧙
ㆫ⒖㊄ዻ㧙ࠞ࡞ࠦࠥࡦߩ㧟ᐔ㕙߆ࠄߥߞߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬නጀౝߢߪ౒᦭⚿ว‫ޔ‬ጀ㑆ߪࡈࠔࡦ
࠺࡞ࡢ࡯࡞ࠬ⚿วߢ⚿߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ࡮ᱜሹߤߜࠄߩࠠࡖ࡝ࡗࠍ⫾Ⓧߒߡ߽࠴
ࡖࡀ࡞ࠍࠬࠗ࠶࠴ ON ߔࠆߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ․ᕈࠍਔᭂᕈ (Ambipolar) વዉߣ๭
߱‫ޕ‬MoS2 ߇ඨዉ૕ߣߒߡ⎇ⓥߐࠇߚ଀ߪ᳿ߒߡᄙ
ߊߥ޿߇‫⎇ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ⓥߪߔߴߡ n ဳ․ᕈߦ㑐
ߔࠆ߽ߩߩߺߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱜሹવዉ߇ႎ๔ߐ
ࠇߚߩߪ੹࿁ߩ଀߇ೋ߼ߡߢ޽ࠆ[10]‫ࡦࠝࠗޕ‬ᶧ
ੑ⎫ൻࡕ࡝ࡉ࠺ࡦߩ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ․ᕈ
ዋߒ⹤߇㆚ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ੑᰴ㔚ᳰߣߩࠕ࠽ࡠࠫ࡯߆ࠄ
૕ࠍုࠄߒߡ㔚࿶ࠍ߆ߌࠆߛߌߢ‫ⷰߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᷹
ᗐ௝ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬EDLT ߢᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㔚᳇ੑ㊀
ߐࠇߚߎߣ߇ߥ߆ߞߚᱜሹ㔚ᵹ߇◲නߦ᷹ⷰߐࠇ
ጀࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ߦ߆߆ࠆ㔚࿶߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߣᭂ᧼࡮
ߚߎߣߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᚻᴺߩ೑ὐࠍ᣿⏕ߦ␜ߔ଀ߩ৻ߟߢ
ࠗࠝࡦ㑆ߢ㔚᳇ൻቇ෻ᔕ߇↢ߓߡߒ߹޿‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬
޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ਔᭂᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫᦭ߦߢߔޔ‬ᯏඨዉ૕ FET
EDLT ߦශടߢ߈ࠆ㔚࿶ߩ਄㒢ࠍ᳿߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
ߩਔᭂᕈേ૞ࠍ⊒శ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߳ߩᔕ↪ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽
ߩ㔚࿶ߩߎߣࠍ㔚૏⓹ߣ๭߮‫ޔ‬ᵴᕈൻࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯
ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ[11]‫ޕ‬MOS2 ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ࡃߩ᦭․ޔ‬
ߣ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᷷ᐲࠍਅߍࠆߣᵴᕈൻࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
ࡦ࠼᭴ㅧࠍ↢߆ߒߚࡃ࡟࡯࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ߳ߩዷ㐿߽
࡯߇ዊߐߊߥࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬㔚૏⓹߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅࠃࠅᄢ
ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ[12]‫ޕ‬
߈ߥ㔚࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቶ᷷ߢߪ 1V㨪
2V ߒ߆ශടߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬200 K ⒟ᐲ߹ߢ಄
ළߔࠆߣ 3V ⒟ᐲ߹ߢශടߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞‫ޘ‬
1V ߒ߆ᄌൻߒߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ቶ᷷ߦᲧߴߡ୚ㄭߊߦ
ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣߺࠆߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄌൻߪᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬
਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ᷷ᐲࠍਅߍࠆߎߣߢᵴᕈൻࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯߇ૐਅߔࠆߚ߼‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱߣᶧ૕ߩ෻ᔕ߽ᛥ೙ߢ
߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮ␆⎇ⓥߩᲑ㓏ߢߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬૛⸘ߥ࿃ሶߪ
ឃ㒰ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ᅢ߹ߒ޿‫ߩߜߚ⑳ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬
⎇ⓥߪᶧ૕⓸⚛߿ᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓߣ޿ߞߚኙ೷ࠍ↪
޿ߡ⹜ᢱࠍ಄ළߒ᷹ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᚒ‫ࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄ޿↪ߢࡦࠚࡈ࡜ࠣޔߪޘ‬ᣇᴺߦࠃ
࿑ 7㧦MoS2-EDLT ߩേ૞․ᕈ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[10]ࠃࠅᒁ↪‫ޕ‬㔚ሶ⺃⿠‫ޔ‬ᱜሹ⺃
⿠޿ߕࠇߩ႐วߦ߽ࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࠍ ON ߢ߈
ࠆ‫ޕ‬MoS2 ߩᱜሹߦࠃࠆવዉࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚߩߪ
ᧄ⎇ⓥ߇ೋ߼ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߞߡ MoS2 ࠍ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ඨዉ૕ߦ↪޿ߚ EDLT ࠍ૞
⵾ߒߚ‫ߚߒ౉⾼ޔߕ߹ޕ‬න⚿᥏߆ࠄ 20 nm ⒟ᐲߩ
ෘߺ߹ߢഎ㐿ߒߚන⚿᥏ࠍ‫✼⛘ޔ‬ᕈၮ᧼ߦ⾍ࠅઃ
26
26
࿑ 9㧦MoS2 ߩ㔚⇇⺃⿠⛘✼૕㧙㊄ዻォ⒖
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[10]ࠃࠅᒁ↪‫ޕ‬VG ߩᱜ⽶ߦ㑐ଥߥ
ߊ㜞㔚࿶ᤨߦ㊄ዻ⊛ߥᝄ⥰߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ߡᛶ᛫୯߇ᷫዋߔࠆ㊄ዻ⊛ߥᝄ⥰߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 8㧦MoS2-EDLT ߩࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐ᷹ቯ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂[10]ࠃࠅᒁ↪‫ޕ‬ᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓߢ಄
ළߒߚ⿥વዉ⏛⍹ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞ
ߚ‫(ޕ‬a
a)㔚⩄ኒᐲ‫(ޔ‬b
b)㔚⩄ߩᤃേᐲߩ㔚࿶ଐ
ሽᕈ‫߇⿒ޕ‬㔚ሶ‫ޔ‬㕍߇ᱜሹࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
㧢੹ᓟߩዷ㐿
ᦨㄭ‫ޔ‬EDLT ⚛ሶߩ቟ቯᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖ᷹ቯⵝ⟎
ߩᦨૐ᷷(2K)߹ߢߩ಄ළ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᱜ
ߩ VG ߦࠃࠅ㔚ሶ⫾Ⓧߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ಄ළߒߥ߇ࠄᛶ
ࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇߚࠠࡖ࡝ࡗᢙߣᤃേ
᛫୯ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ᷹ቯߒߚߣߎࠈ‫࠻࠶࠮ࡦࠝޔ‬
ᐲߩ VG ଐሽᕈࠍ࿑ 8 ߦ␜ߔ‫ࡗ࡝ࡖࠠޕ‬ᢙߣ VG ߩ
11 K‫ࡠ࠯ޔ‬ᛶ᛫ 8 K ߩ⿥વዉ߇⃻ࠇߚ‫ ߩߎޕ‬Tc
✢ᒻߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄ EDL ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
ߪࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝㊄ዻࠍ࠼࡯ࡊߒߚ MoS2[8]ࠃࠅ߽㜞޿
㔚ሶ⫾Ⓧߣᱜሹ⫾Ⓧߢ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁․ᓽ߇
୯ߢ‫ޔ‬㔚⇇ലᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߢᓧࠄࠇࠆ Tc
ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬㔚ሶߣᱜሹߩ⫾Ⓧߦਥⷐߥᓎ
ࠃࠅ߽㜞޿୯ࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡖࠠޕ‬
ഀࠍᨐߚߔߩ߇‫ࡦࠝࠗޔ‬ᶧ૕ߩࠞ࠴ࠝࡦߣࠕ࠾ࠝ
࡝ࡗᢙߩ⹦⚦ߥ⺞ᢛߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⋧࿑ࠍ૞⵾ߒߚ
ࡦߣ⇣ߥࠆߚ߼ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ EDLT ․᦭ߩ⃻⽎ߣ⠨߃
ߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߢߪࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߢ߈ߥ޿ࠠࡖ
ࠄࠇࠆ(࿑ 8 a)‫ޕ‬ᤃേᐲߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ‫ޔ‬ᱜሹߣ߽ߦ᦭ᯏ
࡝ࡗᢙ㗔ၞߦ Tc ߩᦨ㜞୯߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦ
‛ߣᲧߴߡ 2 ᩴᄢ߈޿୯߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ(࿑ 8 b)‫ޕ‬
ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᱜሹ⫾Ⓧߦࠃߞߡ߽㊄ዻ⁁ᘒ
߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ(࿑ 9)‫ޔ‬ᱜሹ࠼࡯ࡊߦࠃࠆ⿥વዉ
3V ⒟ᐲߩ VG ߢ੍߽ᗐㅢࠅ 1014 /cm2 ߣ޿߁㕖
߽ᄢ޿ߦᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥ㔚⩄ኒᐲࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ(࿑ 8 a)‫⋧ޔ‬ォ⒖
߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ㔚⩄ࠍ⺃⿠ߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ⹜ᢱ
EDLT ߪ‫ޔ‬1012 cm-2 ⒟ᐲߩࠠࡖ࡝ࡗᢙ೙ᓮߢታ
ࠍ಄ළߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬࿑ 9 ߩࠃ߁ߦශട㔚࿶߇㜞޿
⃻น⢻ߥ㔚ᵹࠬࠗ࠶࠴ߥߤߩඨዉ૕ᯏ⢻ߣ‫ޔ‬1014
ᤨ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬㔚⩄ኒᐲ߇㜞޿ᤨߦ᷷ᐲૐਅߦ઻ߞ
cm-2 ⒟ᐲ޽ࠆ޿ߪߘࠇએ਄ߩࠠࡖ࡝ࡗᢙ߇ᔅⷐߣ
27
27
Science 332 1065 (2011).
[6]M. Nakano, K. Shibuya, D. Okuyama, T.
Hatano, S. Ono, M. Kawasaki, Y. Iwasa and Y.
Tokura, Nature 487, 459 (2012).
[7]K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D.
Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva,
A. A. Firsov: Science 306 666 (2004).
[8]J. A. Woollam, and R. B. Somoano: Phys. Rev.
࿑ 10㧦MoS2 ߩ㔚⇇⺃⿠⿥વዉ
B 13 3843 (1976).
1014 /cm2 ⒟ᐲߩ㔚ሶ㔚⩄ኒᐲࠍ⫾Ⓧߒߚ
[9]B. Radisavljevic, A. Radenovic, J. Brivio, V.
⁁ᘒߩ߹߹‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱࠍ಄ළ‫ޕ‬11 K ⒟ᐲߢ⿥વ
Giacometti, and A. Kis: Nature Nanothechnol. 6
ዉ߇⊒⃻ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
147 (2011).
ߐࠇࠆ⿥વዉࠍ‫ޔ‬㔚࿶ࠍᄌ߃ࠆߛߌߢታ⃻ߔࠆ㕟
[10]Y. J. Zhang, J. T. Ye, Y. Mastuhashi, and Y.
ᣂ⊛ߥ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߕ߹ޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ߥᣇᴺߢ
Iwasa: Nano Lett. 12 1136 (2012).
ߪ೔㆐߇࿎㔍ߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ࡮ᯏ⢻ߩታ⃻‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙ⿥વ
[11] S. Z. Bisri, T. Takenobu, Y. Yomogida, H.
ዉ૕ߩ⊒⷗ߥߤ߳ߩዷ㐿߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬
Shimotani, T. Yamao, S. Hotta, and Y. Iwasa:
዁᧪⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㔚࿶ߦࠃࠆ㔚ሶ⋧೙ᓮࠍ㔚ሶ࠺ࡃࠗ
Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 1728 (2009).
ࠬߦᔕ↪ߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
[12] T. Cao, G. Wang, W. Han, H. Ye, C. Zhu, J.
Shi, Q. Niu, P. Tan, E. Wang, B. Liu, J. Feng,
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Nat. Comm. (2012) doi:10.1038/ncomms1882
[1] C. H. Ahn, J. –M. Triscone, and J. Mannhart:
Nature 424 1015 (2003).
⪺⠪⚫੺
[2] H. Shimotani, H. Asanuma, and Y. Iwasa.:
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46 3613 (2007).
᳁ฬ㧦ᒛ ᅂഹ
[3]H. Shimotani, H. Asanuma, A. Tsukazaki, A.
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ ࿕૕‛ℂቇ
Ohtomo, M. Kawasaki, and Y. Iwasa: APL 91
082106 (2007).
[4]K. Ueno, S. Nakamura, H. Shimotani, A.
Ohtomo, N. Kimura, T. Nojima, H. Aoki, Y.
Iwasa, and M. Kawasaki: Nat. Mater. 7 855
᳁ฬ㧦ฟ ഒᝈ
(2008), J. T. Ye, S. Inoue, K. Kobayashi, Y.
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ ࿕૕‛ℂቇ
Kasahara, H. T. Yuan, H. Shimotani, and Y.
Iwasa: Nat. Mater. 9 125 (2010), K. Ueno, S.
Nakamura, H. Shimotani, H. T. Yuan, N.
Kimura, T. Nojima, H. Aoki, Y. Iwasa, and M.
᳁ฬ㧦ጤ૒ ⟵ብ
Kawasaki: Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 408 (2011).
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁ ࿕૕‛ℂቇ
[5]Y. Yamada, K. Ueno, T. Fukumura, H. T.
Yuan, H. Shimotani, Y. Iwasa, L. Gu, S.
Tsukimoto, Y. Ikuhara, and M. Kawasaki:
28
28
⏛᳇ജ႐ࠍ↪޿ߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻ
ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮㘩ຠ↢‛᭴ㅧቇ⎇ⓥቶ
ਛ᧛㗼‫ޔ‬ᄢႦᷕ‫ޔ‬ች࿦ஜ৻‫↰ޔ‬ਯୖఝ
↢๮⃻⽎ߩᜂ޿ᚻߢ޽ࠆ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߩ┙૕᭴ㅧࠍ♖ኒߦ᳿ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧߣᯏ⢻ߣߩ⋧㑐ࠍ
⸃᣿ߒ‫ޔ‬ഃ⮎߿㉂⚛ߩ㜞ᯏ⢻ൻߥߤߦᔕ↪ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦᔅⷐਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬X ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦ
ࠃߞߡ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ಽሶߩ♖ኒߥ᭴ㅧࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㜞޿ X ✢࿁᛬⢻ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㜞ຠ⾰⚿
᥏ࠍขᓧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬᥏ຠ⾰ࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆᣇᴺߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ൻߩㆊ⒟ߢ⏛႐࡮⏛᳇ജ
႐ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⏛႐࡮⏛᳇ജ႐ⅣႺਅߢ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ࠍ⚿᥏ൻߐߖ
ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㜞ຠ⾰ߥ⚿᥏ࠍᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪߓ߼ߦ㨪࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻߣߪ
↢૕ౝ෻ᔕߦ߅޿ߡߪࠥࡁࡓ DNA ߥߤ߆ࠄ⠡
⾰ߩᯏ⢻ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߦ߅޿ߡ㕖Ᏹߦ᦭↪ߢ޽
⸶ߐࠇߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ಽሶ߇ߘߩਥߚࠆᜂ޿ᚻߣߥ
ࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ഃ⮎߿㉂⚛ߩ㜞ᯏ⢻ൻߥߤߩᔕ↪⎇
ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޕ‬ᯏ⢻ߪߘߩ┙૕᭴ㅧߣᒝ
ⓥߦ㊀ⷐߥၮ⋚ᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠅ␠ળ⊛
޿⋧㑐߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᯏ⢻ࠍᷓߊℂ⸃ߔࠆ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬ฦ࠲ࡦ
ߥ⽸₂ᐲ߇㜞޿‫⚿⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬᥏ߩ㜞
ࡄࠢ⾰ߩ 3 ᰴర᭴ㅧࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߎߣߪᔅⷐਇนᰳ
ຠ⾰ൻࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᚻᴺ߇㐿
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߪ⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޕ‬20 ⒳㘃ߩࠕࡒࡁ㉄ಽሶ߇⋥
⊒ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬
㎮⁁ߦ⚿วߒߚࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬㈩೉ᖱႎ
࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻታ㛎ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᶧ૕ࠞ࡜ࡓࠢࡠࡑ
㧔৻ᰴ᭴ㅧ㧕߆ࠄ┙૕᭴ㅧࠍᱜ⏕ߦ੍᷹ߔࠆߎߣ
࠻ࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯ߥߤߦࠃࠅ㜞⚐ᐲߦ♖⵾ߐࠇߚᮡຠ
ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㔍ߒ޿‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬X ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ
߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㆊ㘻๺ṁᶧਛ߆ࠄ⚿᥏ࠍᨆ
߿ᩭ⏛᳇౒㡆ߥߤߦࠃࠅታ㛎⊛ߦ᭴ㅧ᳿ቯߔࠆᔅ
಴ߐߖࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅṁᶧਛߩ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰Ớ
ⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫┙ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬૕᭴ㅧ߇᳿ቯߐࠇߚ࠲ࡦ
ᐲࠍ㜞ߊߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬㜞Ớᐲ࠲ࡦࡄ
ࡄࠢ⾰ߩᖱႎߪ PDB㧔Protein Data Bank㧕ߦ⊓
ࠢ⾰ṁᶧߦኻߒ‫ޔࡓ࠙࠾ࡕࡦࠕ㉄⎫ޔ‬Ⴎൻ࠽࠻࡝
㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧔ේⓂၫ╩ᤨߩ⊓㍳ᢙߪ⚂ 8 ਁ㧕‫ޔ‬
࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬㊀วᐲߩࡐ࡝ࠛ࠴࡟ࡦࠣ࡝ࠦ࡯࡞ߥ
ߎߩ߁ߜ⚂ 9 ഀߪ X ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ
ߤߩᴉᲚ೷ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆൻว‛ࠍ฽߻ṁᶧ㧔ᴉᲚ೷
޽ࠆ‫┙⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬૕᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦ߅
ṁᶧ㧕ࠍᷙวߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ߩ⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬ṁ⸃ᐲࠍ
޿ߡߪ X ✢⚿᥏ቇ߇ਥᵹߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ‬
ૐਅߐߖߡㆊ㘻๺࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ṁᶧࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߒ‫⚿ޔ‬
ߊ‫ޔ‬X ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߢߪ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߩ⚿᥏߇ᔅ
᥏ᩭߩᒻᚑߣ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ࠍଦߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ࠲
ⷐߣߥࠆ‫⚿ߥ⾰⦟ޕ‬᥏ߪ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ߩ X ✢࿁᛬௝ࠍ
ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߏߣߦṁ⸃ᐲૐਅ߅ࠃ߮⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ࠍᒁ߈
ਈ߃‫ޔ‬㜞♖ᐲߥ┙૕᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫߆ߒޕ‬
⿠ߎߒ߁ࠆᴉᲚ೷ߩ⒳㘃࡮Ớᐲߪ⇣ߥࠆߚ߼‫⋡ޔ‬
ߒ‫ޔ‬㜞ຠ⾰ߥ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ࠍᓧࠆߩߪ㔍ߒߊ‫ޔ‬
⊛࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ߩ⚿᥏ࠍᓧࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬᏷ᐢ޿⚿᥏ൻ᧦
᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߩࡏ࠻࡞ࡀ࠶ࠢߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬
ઙߩត⚝߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᴉᲚ೷‫ޔ‬
⿥㜞ಽ⸃⢻⸃ᨆߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ 1 Å ࠍ⿥߃ࠆಽ
✭ⴣᶧߥߤ߇ᷙวߐࠇߚᏒ⽼ߩ⚿᥏ൻ᧦ઙࠬࠢ࡝
⸃⢻ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߪ 500 ୘ߦḩߚߥ޿‫⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޕ‬
࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠠ࠶࠻߿࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ṁᶧߣᴉᲚ೷ṁᶧߣ
ߩ┙૕᭴ㅧࠍ㜞♖ᐲߦ᳿ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬
ߩᷙวߦ․ൻߒߚ⚿᥏ൻࡠࡏ࠶࠻㧔ᓸ㊂ಽᵈⵝ⟎㧕
29
29
⏛႐ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻ
ࠍ೑↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ᢙජ߽ߩ᧦ઙࠍត⚝ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬
ߎߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ⷗಴ߒߚᴉᲚ೷ṁᶧ⚵ᚑࠍరߦߒ
ߎߩ 20 ᐕߩ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓸዊ㊀ജⅣႺࠍ࿾਄ߦ߅޿ߡ
ߡ⚿᥏ൻ᧦ઙࠍᦨㆡൻߒ‫ޔ‬X ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎ߦଏߔࠆ
ታ⃻ߒ‫ޔ‬ℂᗐ⊛ߥ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ⅣႺࠍࠃࠅ◲ଢߦ೑↪
ߎߣߩߢ߈ࠆ⚿᥏ࠍ૞ᚑߔࠆ‫৻ߪߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬ㄝ߇
ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㊀ജࠍ⏛᳇ജߢ⋧Ვߔࠆᣇᴺ߇㐿⊒ߐ
50㨪200 μm ߩᄢ߈ߐࠍᜬߟ⚿᥏ࠍ X ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎
ࠇߡ߈ߚ[3]‫⚿⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᥏ൻߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛
ߦ↪޿ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬᥏ߩࠨࠗ࠭߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠇ߫⚿᥏ࠍ᭴
႐ߩലᨐߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫(ޔ‬i) ⚿᥏ᩭᒻᚑߩᛥ೙[4]‫(ޔ‬ii)
ᚑߔࠆಽሶᢙ߇ᄙߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬X ✢ߩ࿁᛬ᒝᐲ߽ᒝߊ
ᓸ⚿᥏ߩ⏛႐㈩ะ[5-7]‫(ޔ‬iii) ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ㅦᐲߩૐਅ
ߥࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㜞ಽ⸃⢻ߩ࿁᛬௝ࠍᓧࠆߦߪ⚿᥏ࠍߢ
[8]‫(ޔ‬iv) ⚿᥏ຠ⾰ߩะ਄[9-11]ߣ޿ߞߚႎ๔߇޽
߈ࠆߛߌᄢ߈ߊߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ࠨޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬
ࠅ‫⚿ߩ⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬᥏ൻ߳ߩᒝ⏛႐ᔕ↪߇ㅴ߼ࠄ
ࠗ࠭߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߣਇဋ⾰ᕈ߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇
ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ဋ৻⏛႐ⅣႺߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫࠷ࡦ࡟࡯ࡠޔ‬
਄߇ߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷࿁᛬ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁႐วߩ⚿᥏ಓ⚿
ജߦࠃࠆኻᵹᛥ೙ലᨐߣ⏛႐ߦࠃࠆṁᶧߩ☼ᕈ਄
ಣℂᤨߦᱡߺ߇⊒↢ߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߚࠅߔࠆߎߣ߽
᣹ലᨐ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬൨㈩⏛႐ⅣႺߢߪ‫ޔ‬਄ะ߈⏛᳇ജ
⠨ᘦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬᥏ൻߩㆊ⒟ࠍᎿᄦߒ‫ޔ‬㜞
ߦࠃࠆ⥄ὼኻᵹߩᛥ೙ലᨐ߇ߎࠇߦടࠊࠆߣ⠨߃
ຠ⾰ߥ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ࠍᓧࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡߪ‫ࠟࠕޔ‬
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ[12]‫ޕ‬
ࡠ࡯ࠬࠥ࡞ਛߢߩ⚿᥏ൻ[1]‫ޔ‬࿖㓙ቝቮࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪ
ᚒ‫⾰‛ޔߪޘ‬ᵹേࠍ೙ᓮߒ⦟⾰ߥ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿
ࡦߢߩᓸዊ㊀ജⅣႺࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⚿᥏ൻ[2]ߥߤ߇
᥏ࠍᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ൻㆊ⒟ߢ⿥વዉ⏛⍹
⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ߩ଀ߪ޿ߕࠇ߽⚿᥏߇↢ᚑߐ
߇⊒↢ߔࠆᒝ޿⏛႐ߣ⏛႐൨㈩ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ⏛᳇ജ
ࠇࠆṁᶧਛߩኻᵹࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫࡞ࠥޕ‬ਛ
ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢ⚫੺ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߦ
ߢߪߘߩ✂⋡᭴ㅧ߆ࠄ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ಽሶߩ⒖േ߇೙
߅ ޿ ߡ ૶ ↪ ߒ ߚ ⿥ વ ዉ ⏛ ⍹ JMTC-15T40
㒢ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙ቝቮࠬ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ‫⾰‛ޔ‬
㧔JASTEC ␠⵾㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㋦⋥਄ะ߈ߦᦨᄢ⏛႐ 15.3
ߦ߆߆ࠆ㊀ജࠍ㆙ᔃജ߇⋧Ვߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓸዊ㊀ജ
ⅣႺߩ߽ߣߢኒᐲᏅߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆኻᵹ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
‛⾰ᵹേ߇ㅦ޿႐ว‫⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬ಽሶߤ߁ߒߩⴣ
T ࠍ⊒↢ߐߖ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ߣ⏛႐൨㈩ߩⓍ㧔BzdBz/dz㧕
ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ⏛᳇ജ႐ߪᦨᄢ 1500 T2/m ߣߥࠆ㧔࿑
㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߪ‫⿥ߩߎޔ‬વዉ⏛⍹ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋥ᓘ 40 mm
⓭߇㗫⊒ߔࠆߎߣߢ⚿᥏ᩭ߇ᄙ㊂ߦᒻᚑߐࠇ‫⚿ޔ‬
ߩቶ᷷ࡏࠕౝߩ⚐᳓ߦኻߔࠆታല㊀ജ߇-0.1G㨪
ᨐߣߒߡዊߐߥ⚿᥏߇ᄙᢙᨆ಴ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
+0.1G ߣߥࠆ㗔ၞ㧔BzdBz/dz ” -1200 T2/m㧕ࠍ૶
ߘߩઁ‫ߚߞ⺋ޔ‬ಽሶ㈩ะߩ߹߹࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ಽሶ߇
↪ߒߡ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅ‫ޔ‬
⚿᥏ਛߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇ߿ߔߊߥߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ਇ⚐‛߇ข
⏛᳇ജ႐ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ߩ㜞ຠ⾰ൻߦ
ࠅㄟ߹ࠇ߿ߔߊߥߞߚࠅߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬
ߟ޿ߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ[13]ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠄߪ⃻࿷‫⚿ߩ⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬᥏ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆਥߥⷐ
࿃ߩ৻ߟߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ኻᵹ╬ߩ‛⾰
⏛᳇ജ႐೑↪ߦࠃࠆ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ߩ
㜞ຠ⾰ൻ
⒖േ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇߚⅣႺߢߪ‫ߩ⾰‛ޔ‬⒖േߪ᜛ᢔᡰ
㈩ߣߥࠅ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ᩭᒻᚑ߇ዋߥߊߥࠆߎߣߢන⚿᥏
߇ᓧ߿ߔߊ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏߇ᄢဳൻߒ߿ߔ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ‫⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬ಽሶ߇ᱜߒ޿㈩ะߦୃᱜߐࠇ
㧚ታ㛎ᣇᴺ
ታ㛎ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⎇ⓥቶߢ⚿᥏ൻ᧦ઙࠍ᳿ቯᷣߺߩ
ߥ߇ࠄ⚿᥏߳ߣขࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ဋ⾰ߥ
15 ⒳㘃ߩ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⹜ᢱࠍ↪޿‫࠼ࠣࡦࠖ࠹࠶ࠪޔ‬
⚿᥏ߩᚑ㐳߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ
ࡠ࠶ࡊ⫳᳇᜛ᢔᴺߦࠃࠆ⚿᥏ൻࠍ⏛႐ਛ߅ࠃ߮⏛
⾰࡮ᴉᲚ೷ᷙวṁᶧਛߢ‛⾰ᵹേ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇߚⅣ
႐ᄖ㧔ኻᾖታ㛎㧕ߦ߅޿ߡታᣉߒߚ‫⚿ޕ‬᥏ൻ᷷ᐲ
Ⴚߢߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ຠ⾰⚿᥏ߩ↢ᚑ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߪ 20°C ߢ޽ࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬႐ਛߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿᥏ߪኻᾖታ
30
30
⿥વዉ⏛⍹ቶ᷷ࡏࠕਛᔃゲ਄ߩ
⏛႐ߣ⏛᳇ജ႐ಽᏓ
࿑㧝㧚ታ㛎ⵝ⟎᭎ⷐ㧚࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㗔ၞࠍ⿒ᨒߢ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿᥏ߣߩ㑆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᒻ⁁‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߐߥߤߩ
ߚ⚿ᨐࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᐞߟ
ᄖⷰᲧセࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᥏ࠍ X ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎ߦ
߆ߩ⹜ᢱߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ᣇะߣᐔⴕߦ㈩ะߒߚ
ଏߒ‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥ߩ 3 ߟߩᜰᮡߦࠃࠅߘߩຠ⾰ࠍ⹏ଔߒ
⚿᥏߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧔࿑㧞㧕‫⏛ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬႐㈩ะ߇
ߚ‫ޕ‬1 ߟ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬࿁᛬ᒝᐲ࠺࡯࠲ߩ⛔⸘ಣℂᓟߦ৻
޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ߩᄢဳൻ߇㗼⪺ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ቯߩၮḰߦࠃߞߡ᳿ቯߔࠆ‫ᦨޡ‬㜞ಽ⸃⢻‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޢ‬
㧚: ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎ߦࠃࠆຠ⾰⹏ଔ
ߎࠇߪ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߩ♖ᐲࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬2 ߟ⋡ߪ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ߩ
‫ࠢࠗࠩࡕޡ‬ᕈ‫⚿ߪࠇߎޔࠅ޽ߢޢ‬᥏߇ⶄᢙߩ‫ࡕޟ‬
X ✢࿁᛬ታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ෼㓸ߒߚ࿁᛬ᒝᐲ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ
ࠩࠗࠢࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ㧔⦟ߊ㈩ะߒߚ㗔ၞ㧕
‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬᭴ᚑߐ
⛔⸘ಣℂߒ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀߒߚ 3 ߟߩᜰᮡࠍᲧセߒߚ‫ߘޕ‬
ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ઒ቯߒߚ႐วߩࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ㑆ߩ࠭࡟ߩ⒟
ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬15 ⒳㘃ߩ⹜ᢱߩ߁ߜ 5 ⒳㘃ߦߟ޿ߡ‫⏛ޔ‬
ᐲࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬3 ߟ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬
‫⛔ޡ‬ว᷷ᐲ࿃ሶ‫ޢ‬
ߢ޽ࠅ Wilson
႐ਛߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿᥏߇ኻᾖታ㛎ߩ⚿᥏ࠃࠅ߽㜞ຠ
᷷ᐲ࿃ሶߣ߽๭߫ࠇࠆ‫⚿ߪࠇߎޕ‬᥏ਛߩಽሶ㈩೉
⾰ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧔⴫㧝㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬੐
ߩ㕒⊛ߥਇⷙೣᕈߩ⒟ᐲࠍ⴫ߒ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ࠨࠗ࠭ߦߪ
଀ߢߪ‫⏛ޔ‬᳇ജ႐ߢߩ⥄ὼኻᵹᛥ೙ߦࠃࠆ⚿᥏ᩭ
ଐሽߒߥ޿୯ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᜰᮡ߽ᢙ୯
ᒻᚑߩᛥ೙‫ޔ‬ਇ⚐‛ߩขࠅㄟߺᛥ೙‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ౝಽሶ
߇ዊߐ޿߶ߤ⦟⾰ߥ⚿᥏ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㈩೉ߩဋ⾰ൻߥߤߩലᨐ߇ຠ⾰ᡷༀߩਥߥⷐ࿃ߢ
޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫⏛ߦ․ޔ‬႐㈩ะߒߚ⚿᥏ߦ㑐
㧚⚿᥏ߩᄖⷰᲧセ
ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓸ⚿᥏⁁ᘒߢߩⷙೣᱜߒ޿ಽሶᢛ೉߿⚿
ኻᾖታ㛎ߩ⚿ᨐߣᲧセߔࠆߣ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ਛߢᓧࠄࠇ
᥏ᚑ㐳ᣇะߩᄌൻ߽⚿᥏ߩ㜞ຠ⾰ൻߦነਈߒߚߣ
ߚ⚿᥏ߢߪ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏⴫㕙ߢߩᩭᒻᚑߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࠃ߁
ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬႐㈩ะࠍ␜ߒߚ⚿᥏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㈩ะߒ
ߥࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ൻ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄢဳൻߔࠆ௑ะ߇⷗
ߡ޿ߥ޿⚿᥏߿ኻᾖታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿᥏ߣᲧセߒ
ࠄࠇߚ㧔࿑㧞‫⴫ޔ‬㧝㧕‫․ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᓽߪቝቮⓨ㑆ߦ
ߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦຠ⾰߇ᡷༀߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔઁߩߎޕ‬ᒝ⏛
߅ߌࠆᓸዊ㊀ജⅣႺਅߢߩ⚿᥏ൻߦ߅޿ߡ߽ႎ๔
႐ਛߢ↢ᚑߐࠇߚ⚿᥏ߢ‫⏛ޔ‬႐㈩ะࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߥ
ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߩታ㛎ⅣႺߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વ
ߊߡ߽ຠ⾰߇ะ਄ߒߡ޿ࠆ੐଀߇޽ߞߚ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬
ዉ⏛⍹ߦࠃࠆ⏛᳇ജ߇࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ṁᶧߦኻߔࠆታ
ST0811 ߩ⚿᥏ߪ⏛႐ਛߦ߅޿ߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ㈩ะߪ
ല㊀ജࠍૐᷫߐߖߚߎߣߢ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼኻᵹ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇ
⏕⹺ߐࠇߕ‫࡯࠲ࠬ࡜ࠢޔ‬ൻ߽ᛥ೙ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞ
31
31
࿑㧞㧚⏛᳇ജ႐⚿᥏ൻߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ຠ⾰ൻߩ੐଀㧚
ฦ⹜ᢱߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮐ஥߇ኻᾖታ㛎ߢขᓧߒߚ⚿᥏‫ޔ‬
ฝ஥߇⏛᳇ജ႐⚿᥏ൻߢขᓧߒߚ⚿᥏‫⏛ޕ‬႐ߩะ
߈ߪ⚕㕙ߦု⋥ߢ޽ࠅ‫⏛ޔ‬႐㈩ะߒߚ⚿᥏ࠍ㤛⦡
ߩ⍫ශߢ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫㧝㧚⏛᳇ജ႐⚿᥏ൻߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ຠ⾰ൻߩ੐଀㧚
ᐔဋࠨࠗ࠭㧔μm㧕
⏛႐
ᦨ㜞ಽ⸃⢻
㈩ะ
㧔Å㧕
ࡕࠩࠗࠢᕈ㧔°㧕
⛔ว᷷ᐲ࿃ሶ
㧔Å2㧕
MSOX
30×30×220 㸢 60×60×280
٤
2.70 㸢 1.95
0.337 㸢 0.309
21.3 㸢 19.7
PhAcP
20×20×130 㸢 40×40×200
٤
1.70 㸢 1.50
0.236 㸢 0.172
22.3 㸢 17.7
NDK
15×15×100 㸢 10×10×50
٤
2.61 㸢 2.16
0.741 㸢 0.202
53.2 㸢 32.6
ST0811
300×300×25 㸢 300×300×25
-
1.59 㸢 1.10
0.752 㸢 0.238
19.4 㸢 8.4
DA06
70×70×30 㸢 70×70×30
-
1.90 㸢 1.85
0.389 㸢 0.300
28.4 㸢 25.9
q
ߚ߇‫ᦨޔ‬㜞ಽ⸃⢻ߪ 1.1 Å ߢ޽ࠅ㕖Ᏹߦ㜞ຠ⾰ߥ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ ⚂ޔ‬3 ഀߩ⏕₸ߢ⏛᳇ജ႐⚿᥏ൻߦ
⚿᥏ߢ޽ߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ߩࠢ࡜ࠬ࠲࡯ൻ߇ᛥ
ࠃࠆ㜞ຠ⾰⚿᥏ߩขᓧߦᚑഞߒߚ‫⏛ޔߦ․ޕ‬႐㈩
೙ߐࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦᄢဳൻߒߚࠃ߁ߥ⚿᥏ߢ޽ߞߡ
ะࠍ␜ߒߚ⚿᥏ߪߔߴߡຠ⾰ะ਄ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
߽‫ޔ‬X ✢࿁᛬࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ್ᢿߒߚ႐วߦ‫᦭ޔ‬ᗧߥ
ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⏛႐ⅣႺߣᓸዊ㊀ജⅣ
ຠ⾰ᡷༀߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ੐଀߽޽ߞߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬
Ⴚࠍ૬↪ߢ߈ࠆ⏛᳇ജ႐⚿᥏ൻߩ᦭ലᕈ߇ᒝߊ␜
ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬ಽሶਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ․ቯߩ
ໂߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
┙૕᭴ㅧࠍᜬߚߥ޿㗔ၞߦ⿠࿃ߒߚ᭴ㅧߩਇဋ⾰
ᕈ߇⏛᳇ജ႐ߩ⦟ലᨐࠍᛂߜᶖߒߚߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߢ⚫੺ߒߚ⿥વዉ⏛⍹ߪૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ౒
ߚߛߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬႐ว߽ኻᾖታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿᥏ߣห
ห೑↪⎇ⓥቶߦ⸳⟎ߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ኙ೷
╬ߩ X ✢࿁᛬⢻ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⏛ޔ‬᳇ജ႐
ଏ⛎ߥߤߦࠃࠆⵝ⟎ㆇ↪ߦ㑐ߒ߹ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ
߇࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏ൻߦኻߒߡ⽶ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔน
࠲࡯ߩ⊝᭽ߦߪᄢᄌ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ߎޕ‬
⢻ᕈߪૐ޿ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߩ႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡᷓߊᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
32
32
[11] D.C. Yin, N.I. Wakayama, K. Harata, M.
Fujiwara, T. Kiyoshi, H. Wada, N. Niimura, S.
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Arai, W.D. Huang, and Y. Tanimoto. J. Cryst.
[1] H. Matsumura, S. Sugiyama, M. Hirose, K.
Growth 270, 184-191 (2004).
Kakinouchi, M. Maruyama, R. Murai, H. Adachi,
K. Takano, S. Murakami, Y. Mori, and T. Inoue.
[12] N.I. Wakayama. Cryst. Growth Des. 3,
J. Synchrotron Radiat. 18, 16-19 (2011).
17-24 (2003).
[2] L.J. DeLucas, C.D. Smith, H.W. Smith, S.
[13] A. Nakamura, J. Ohtsuka, K. Miyazono, A.
Vijay-Kumar, S.E. Senadhi, S.E. Ealick, D.C.
Yamamura, K. Kubota, R. Hirose, N. Hirota, M.
Carter, R.S. Snyder, P.C. Weber, F.R. Salemme,
Ataka, Y. Sawano, and M. Tanokura. Cryst.
D.H. Ohlendorf, H.M. Einspahr, L.L Clancy,
Growth Des. 12, 1141-1150 (2012).
M.A. Navia, B.M. McKeever, T.L. Nagabhushan,
G. Nelson, A. McPherson, S. Koszelak, G. Taylor,
⪺⠪⚫੺
D. Stammers, K. Powell, G. Darby, and C.E.
᳁ฬ㧦ਛ᧛ 㗼
Bugg. Science 246, 651-654 (1989).
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦᭴ㅧ↢‛ቇ
[3] N.I. Wakayama, M. Ataka, and H. Abe. J.
Cryst. Growth 178, 653-656 (1997).
[4] G. Sazaki, E. Yoshida, H. Komatsu, T.
Nakada, S. Miyashita, and K. Watanabe. J.
Cryst. Growth 173, 231-234 (1997).
᳁ฬ㧦ᄢႦ ᷕ
[5] M. Ataka, E. Katoh, and N.I. Wakayama. J.
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦᭴ㅧ↢‛ቇ
Cryst. Growth 173, 592-596 (1997).
[6] J.P. Astier, S. Veesler, and R. Boistelle. Acta
54, 703-706 (1998).
Crystallogr. D5
[7] S. Sakurazawa, T. Kubota, and M. Ataka. J.
᳁ฬ㧦ች࿦ ஜ৻
Cryst. Growth 196, 325-331 (1999).
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦᭴ㅧ↢‛ቇ
[8] S. Yanagiya, G. Sazaki, S.D. Durbin, S.
Miyashita, K. Nakajima, H. Komatsu, K.
Watanabe, and M. Motokawa. J. Cryst. Growth
208, 645-650 (2000).
[9] S.X. Lin, M. Zhou, A. Azzi, G.J. Xu, N.I.
᳁ฬ㧦↰ਯୖ ఝ
Wakayama, and M. Ataka. Biochem. Biophys.
ኾ㐷ಽ㊁㧦᭴ㅧ↢‛ቇ
Res. Commun. 275, 274-278 (2000).
[10] T. Sato, Y. Yamada, S. Saijo, T. Hori, R.
Hirose, N. Tanaka, G. Sazaki, K. Nakajima, N.
Igarashi, M. Tanaka, and Y. Matsuura. Acta
56, 1079-1083 (2000).
Crystallogr. D5
33
33
༊ศᶆ㆑ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ NMR ゎᯒ
⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉࣭⏕࿨≀⌮໬Ꮫᩍᐊ
‖㞝୍ࠊୖ⏣༟ぢࠊ⏫ᒣ㯞Ꮚࠊᔱ⏣୍ኵ
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
ᒾ஭⚽ኵ
༊ศᶆ㆑ἲࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿୖ࡛᭷ຠ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ࣁ
࣮ࢻࣝࡀ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㐺⏝౛ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞༊ศᶆ㆑ἲ࡛࠶ࡿ expressed protein
ligation (EPL) ἲ࠾ࡼࡧ protein trans-splicing (PTS) ἲࡢཎ⌮ࢆ⡆༢࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ୧ᡭἲࢆ⏝
࠸࡚ࢲ࢖࣐࣮࡛ศᏊ㔞 14 ୓ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ CheA ࢆ༊ศᶆ㆑ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆ⤂௓
ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ௒ᚋ᪂ࡓ࡟༊ศᶆ㆑ࢆヨࡳࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢཧ⪃࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
1. ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ⺮ⓑ㉁ࡢ NMR ゎᯒ
ࢀࡿࠋ
⣽⬊ෆࢩࢢࢼࣜࣥࢢࢆྖࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢᵓ㐀⏕
ከᩘࡢཎᏊ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥ
≀Ꮫⓗゎᯒࡣࠊస⏝ᶵᗎࡢゎ᫂ࡸࠊኚ␗ᑟධ࡟ࡼ
ࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ NMR ゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢ⦰㔜ࡀ኱ࡁ
ࡿᶵ⬟ᨵኚࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ❧యᵓ㐀࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⸆ࡢࢹࢨ
࡞ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ≉ᐃࡢ
࢖ࣥࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ⣽⬊ෆࢩࢢࢼࣜࣥࢢࢆྖࡿࢱ
ཎᏊࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟Ᏻᐃྠ఩యᶆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ
ࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢከࡃࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠊ
ᶵ⬟ୖ㔜せ࡞ཎᏊࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟ほ ࡍࡿ
ᒁᡤⓗ࡟ᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡀࠊ࣮࡛ࣜࣥ࢝
ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡟ࠊ࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㙐
ከᩘࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋ
ࡢ୍㒊ࡢࡳࢆᶆ㆑ࡍࡿ༊ศᶆ㆑ἲࠊ≉ᐃࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ
ᚑ᮶ᆺࡢᵓ㐀⏕≀Ꮫⓗゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ㝈ᐃศゎࡸ୍
㓟ṧᇶࡢࡳࢆᶆ㆑ࡍࡿ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟㑅ᢥⓗᶆ㆑ἲࠊ≉
ḟ㓄ิࡢゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆྠᐃࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ
ᐃࡢ୍ṧᇶࡢࡳࢆᶆ㆑ࡍࡿṧᇶ㑅ᢥⓗᶆ㆑ἲࡀከ
༢㞳ࡋࡓࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆỴᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ
ᩘ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⏥ᩫⲮࡽ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ❧య
࠿ࡋࠊ㏆᥋ຠᯝࡸ❧య㞀ᐖࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖
㑅ᢥⓗ࡟㔜Ỉ⣲໬ࡋࡓ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊࢱࣥࣃ
ࣥ඲య࡜༢㞳ࡋࡓࢻ࣓࢖࡛ࣥࡣࠊᶆⓗศᏊ࡜ࡢ⤖
ࢡ㉁඲య࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ỉ⣲ཎᏊࢆῶࡽࡍ
ྜᵝᘧ࡟㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ」ᩘ
Stereo-Array-Isotope Labeling (SAIL) ἲࡀ㛤Ⓨ
ࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡀ༠ዌⓗ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊึࡵ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [1]ࠋ
࡚ᶆⓗศᏊ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
༊ศᶆ㆑ἲࢆ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟㐺⏝
࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ඲యࡢᵓ㐀ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡁࢃ
ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᶵ⬟ୖ㔜せ࡞ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ⥙⨶
ࡵ࡚᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ⓗ࡟ほ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௚ࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ㝖
࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡣࠊ㐠ືᛶ࡟ᐩࡴࣜ
ཤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ༊ศᶆ㆑
࣮ࣥ࢝㡿ᇦࢆ」ᩘྵࡴⅬࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
ἲࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿୖ࡛
ࡗ࡚ࠊ⤖ᬗ໬ࡀ୙せ࡛ࠊ⏕⌮ⓗ᮲௳࡜ྠࡌ⁐ᾮ୰
᭷ຠ࡞ᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༊ศᶆ㆑ἲ࡟ࡣࠊ୺࡟஧ࡘࡢ
࡛ࡢゎᯒࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿୖࠊືⓗᵓ㐀ࡢゎᯒࡶྍ⬟
ᡭἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊExpressed Protein Ligation
࡛࠶ࡿ NMR ἲࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ
(EPL) ἲ[2]ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ Protein Trans-Splicing
ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺せ࡞ᡭἲ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉ
(PTS) ἲ[3]࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊࣉࣟࢸ࢖ࣥࢫࣉࣛ
34
34
࢖ࢩࣥࢢ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
Ligation (NCL)࡜࿧ࡪࠋ⏕໬Ꮫⓗᡭἲ࡛ NCL ࡢ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣヲ⣽ࡣ๭ឡࡍࡿࡀࣉࣟࢸ࢔࣮ࢮ㸦Sortase
཯ᛂ᮲௳ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊEPL ࡜࿧ࡪࠋEPL ࡛
A, Subtiligase ➼)ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡶ᭱㏆㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ
ࡣࠊᶆ㆑ࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆࠊN ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ
࡚࠸ࡿ[4]ࠋ
࡜ࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥ
ࢺ࡟ศࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊ๓⪅ࡢ C ᮎ➃࡟ࡣࠊC ᮎ➃ࡢ࢔
ࢫࣃࣛࢠࣥṧᇶࢆ࢔ࣛࢽࣥ࡟ኚ␗ࡋࡓ intein ኚ␗
2. ࣉࣟࢸ࢖ࣥࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢩࣥࢢࡢཎ⌮ [5]
᭱ึ࡟Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓࣉࣟࢸ࢖ࣥࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢩࣥࢢ཯
యࢆࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ N ᮎ➃࡟ࡣࠊN ᮎ➃ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧ
ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿࠊcis-splicing ࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆ Fig.1a ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
ᇶࢆ࢔ࣛࢽࣥ࡟ኚ␗ࡋࡓ intein ኚ␗యࢆ௜ຍࡋࡓ
᭱ึ࡟ࠊextein ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡀࠊࢩࢫࢸ
ࢥࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢺࢆస〇ࡋ࡚ࠊูࠎ࡟ㄪ〇ࡍࡿࠋࡇ
࢖ࣥṧᇶ࡛ጞࡲࡾ࢔ࢫࣃࣛࢠࣥṧᇶ࡛⤊ࢃࡿ
ࡢ㝿ࠊ୍᪉࡟ࡢࡳᏳᐃྠ఩యᶆ㆑ࢆ᪋ࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊ
intein ࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿ≉ᐃࡢࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡟ࡼࡾࠊN ᮎ
୧⪅ࢆ㑏ඖ๣Ꮡᅾୗ࡛ΰྜࡍࡿ࡜ࠊintein ኚ␗య
➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ C ᮎ
࡟ࡼࡿษ᩿཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊC ᮎ➃࡟ࢳ࢚࢜ࢫࢸ
➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ศ᩿ࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࡛⩻ヂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࣝᇶࢆᣢࡘ N ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧ
ḟ࡟ࠊintein ࡀ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୍㐃ࡢ཯
ᇶ࡛ጞࡲࡿ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ [6]ࠋ
ᛂ࡟ࡼࡾ intein ࡀษࡾฟࡉࢀࠊྠ᫬࡟ N ᮎ➃࡜ C
⥆࠸࡚ࠊtrans-esterification ࠾ࡼࡧ S-N acyl
ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⧅ࡀࡗࡓ extein ඲㛗ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ
shift ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊN ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ C ᮎ➃ࣇ
ࡲࡓࠊᅗ 1b ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊextein ࡜ intein ࡢ N
ࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⧅ࡀࡿࠋ௨ୖ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㒊఩≉␗ⓗᶆ
ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⧅ࡀࡗࡓ࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㙐࡜ࠊ
㆑ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྛࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᅛ┦ྜ
intein ࡜ extein ࡢ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⧅ࡀࡗࡓ
ᡂࡋࡓࡾࠊN ᮎ➃࡟ࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶࢆᣢࡘ C ᮎ➃
࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㙐ࡀูࠎ࡟⩻ヂࡉࢀࡓୖ࡛ࠊ୧⪅ࡀ
ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࣉࣟࢸ࢔࣮ࢮศゎ࡟ࡼࡾㄪ〇ࡍࡿ
ฟ఍ࡗ࡚ intein ࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ
ࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
intein ࡢษࡾฟࡋ࠾ࡼࡧ extein ඲㛗ࡢᙧᡂࡀ㐍⾜
ࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟ࡶⓎぢࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࢆ
trans-splicing ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
Fig.1
ࣉࣟࢸ࢖ࣥࢫࣉࣛ࢖ࢩࣥࢢ཯ᛂࡢᶍᘧ
ᅗࠋ (a) cis-splicing.
(b) trans-splicing.
3. Expressed Protein Ligation (EPL)ࡢཎ⌮ [6]
Fig.2
EPL ࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆ Fig.2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋC ᮎ➃࡟ࢳ࢚࢜
EPL ࡢᶍᘧᅗࠋ
ࢫࢸࣝᇶࢆᣢࡘ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ࡜ࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶ࡛ጞ
4. Protein Trans-Splicing (PTS)ࡢཎ⌮ [7,8]
ࡲࡿ࣌ࣉࢳࢻࡣࠊ໬Ꮫ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟࣌ࣉࢳࢻ⤖ྜࢆᙧ
PTS ࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆ Fig.3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᶆ㆑ࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃ
ᡂࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࢆ Native Chemical
35
35
ࢡ㉁ࢆࠊN ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶ
࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ศࡅࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ C ᮎ➃࡜ N ᮎ➃࡟ࠊintein ࡢ N ᮎ➃ࣇࣛ
ࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ௜ຍࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆࠊ
ูࠎ࡟ㄪ〇ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ୍᪉࡟ࡢࡳᏳᐃྠ఩య
ᶆ㆑ࢆ᪋ࡍࠋḟ࡟ࠊ୧⪅ࢆΰྜࡍࡿ࡜ࠊintein ࡢ
ᵓ㐀ᙧᡂ࡟కࡗ࡚ trans-splicing ཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᶆ㆑ࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢ N ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ࡜ C ᮎ
➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⧅ࡀࡿࠋ௨ୖ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㒊఩≉␗
ⓗᶆ㆑ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ
Fig.4
in vivo PTS ἲࡢ୍౛ࠋ
5. CheA ࡢ༊ศᶆ㆑
௨ୖ࡛㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᵝࠎ࡞༊ศᶆ㆑ἲࡀሗ࿌
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᢏ⾡ⓗ࡞ࣁ࣮ࢻࣝࡀ㧗࠸ࡓ
ࡵࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ἲࡶ㐺⏝౛ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ
࡝ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡢࡀⰋ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ᣦ㔪ࡣฟࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊࢲ࢖࣐࣮࡛ศᏊ㔞 14 ୓ࡢ࣐
ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ CheA ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
Fig.3
཯ᛂᶵᵓࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠊEPL ࡜ PTS ࡢ୧ᡭ
PTS ࡢᶍᘧᅗࠋ
ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚༊ศᶆ㆑ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ[10]ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ
Fig.4 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊPTS ࡟ࡼࡿ㑅ᢥᶆ㆑ࢆࠊ
௒ᚋ᪂ࡓ࡟༊ศᶆ㆑ࢆヨࡳࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢཧ⪃࡜࡞ࡿ
Ⓨ⌧኱⭠⳦ࡢ୰࡛㐍⾜ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ
࡜⪃࠼࡚ࠊ௨ୗ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ
[9]ࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊPTS ࡟ᚲせ࡞஧✀㢮ࡢ࣏ࣜ࣌
CheA ࡣࠊཎ᰾⏕≀ࡢ㉮໬ᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣽⬊ෆࢩ
ࣉࢳࢻ㙐ࢆࢥ࣮ࢻࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊࢆࠊࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮ཬ
ࢢࢼࣜࣥࢢࢆไᚚࡍࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋP1 ࠿ࡽ
ࡧᢠ⏕≀㉁⪏ᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿูࠎࡢࣉࣛࢫ࣑ࢻ࡟⤌ࡳ
P5 ࡢ 5 ࡘࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࢻ࣓࢖
㎸ࢇࡔୖ࡛ࠊ஧ࡘࡢࣉࣛࢫ࣑ࢻࢆྠࡌ኱⭠⳦࡟ᑟ
ࣥ⺮ⓑ㉁࡛࠶ࡾࠊP3 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࢆ
ධࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊ୍␒┠ࡢᇵᆅ୍࡛᪉ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ
ᙧᡂࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣜࣥ㓟໬ࢆཷࡅࡿ His48
࣮ࡢㄏᑟࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ஧␒┠ࡢᇵᆅ࡟஺᥮
ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ P1 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ㑅ᢥⓗ࡟ᶆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮ࡢㄏᑟࢆ࠿ࡅ
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㝿ࠊ୍᪉ࡢᇵᆅࡢࡳࢆᏳᐃྠ఩యᶆ㆑ࡍ
5-1. EPL ἲ
ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୧࣏ࣜ࣌ࣉࢳࢻ㙐ࡢ୍᪉ࡢࡳ࡟ᶆ
᭱ึ࡟ࠊNew England Biolab ♫ࡼࡾᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ
㆑ࡀ᪋ࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟኱⭠⳦ࡢ୰࡛ PTS ཯ᛂࢆ㐍⾜
࡚࠸ࡿ pTWIN system ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊEPL ἲࢆ㐺⏝
ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㑅ᢥᶆ㆑ࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡋࡓࠋpTWIN system ࡛ࡣࠊintein ኚ␗య࡟ Chitin
᪉ἲࢆࠊin vivo PTS ἲ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
binding domain (CBD)ࡀ௜ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼ
ࡾࠊྛࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ Chitin ࣅ࣮ࢬ࡟ᅛᐃ໬ࡋࡓ
ୖ࡛ࠊ୙⣧≀ࢆὙίࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㑏ඖ๣ࢆྵࡴࣂࢵ
ࣇ࢓࣮ࢆῧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊintein ኚ␗యࡢษ
᩿࡜㝖ཤࢆ୍ᗘ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
36
36
┠ⓗࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࢆศ᩿࣭᥋ྜࡍࡿ㒊఩࠾ࡼࡧࡑ
࠸࠺ሗ࿌[11]࡟ᇶ࠸࡚ࠊP1 ࡢ Q153 ࡟ Gly ኚ␗ࢆ
ࡢ㏆ഐࡢ㓄ิࡣࠊྛࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ཰㔞ࡸᏳᐃᛶ
ᑟධࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊP2-5(S154C)࡜ࡢࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮
࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᮎ➃
ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂຠ⋡ࢆ 40%⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ࡣྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜
ࡢ㓄ิࡣࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂ࠾ࡼࡧ intein ኚ␗
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸦Fig.5a,࣮ࣞࣥ 5㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩ
య࡟ࡼࡿษ᩿཯ᛂࡢຠ⋡࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࣙࣥ཯ᛂᾮ࠿ࡽࠊࢤࣝࢁ㐣ࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮࡛
▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㏻ᖖ᥋ྜ㒊఩࡟ኚ␗ࢆᑟ
ᮍ཯ᛂࡢ P1(Q153G)ࢆ㝖ཤࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ㝜࢖࢜ࣥ஺
ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢኚ␗ࡀࠊ᭱⤊⏘
᥮ࢡ࣐ࣟࢺࢢࣛࣇ࢕࣮࡛ᮍ཯ᛂࡢ(S154C)P2-5 ࢆ
≀ࡢάᛶ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀ
㝖ཤࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ᚓࡽࢀࡓ඲㛗 CheA
ࡗ࡚ࠊ᥋ྜ㒊఩ࡢ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧ㓄ิࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡇ
ࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࡢ཰㔞ࡣࠊ1L ᇵ㣴࠶ࡓࡾ 0.2 mg ࡛࠶ࡗ
࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓࠋᮍ཯ᛂࡢ(S154C)P2-5 ࡀࠊP3 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ௓ࡋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊศ᩿ࡍࡿ㒊఩ࡢ C ᮎ➃ഃࢆࢩࢫࢸ
࡚ࠊ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ඲㛗 CheA ࡜࣊ࢸࣟࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࢆᙧᡂ
࢖ࣥṧᇶ࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊࣛ࢖
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛ࠊ඲㛗 CheA ࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࡢ཰⋡ࡀ
ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㒊఩࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊP1, P2 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ㛫ࡢࣜࣥ
ⴭࡋࡃపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⢭〇ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡏࡤࠊNMR
࢝ ࣮ ୖ ࡟ ఩ ⨨ ࡍ ࡿ ࠊ K146–S147, Q153–S154,
ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡞㔞ࡢヨᩱࢆ୍ࡘㄪ〇ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྍ⬟
R155–S156, Q157–S158 ࡢ 4 ⟠ᡤࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋP1
࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊP1 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ 2H,15N
ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢ C ᮎ➃࡟ Mxe GyrA ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࢆ௜ຍ
ᶆ㆑ࠊP2–5 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ㠀ᶆ㆑࡜ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆㄪ〇ࡋࠊ
ࡋࡓⓎ⌧⣔ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ኱⭠⳦࡟࡚Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑ
1H-15N
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊP1(Q153)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢳ࢚࢜ࢫࢸࣝ໬ࡉ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᆒ୍ᶆ㆑యࡼࡾࡶࠊ⦰㔜ࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ᨵၿࡉ
ࢀࡓ P1 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ 1L ᇵ㣴࠶ࡓࡾ 40 mg ᚓࡿࡇ
ࢀࡓࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸦Figs.6a and b㸧ࠋࡋ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖ࣥṧᇶ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ P2–
࠿ࡋࠊᵓ㐀ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ཰㔞ࡢቑ
5 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࡢㄪ〇ࡢࡓࡵࠊC ᮎ➃ഃࡢ P2–5 ࢻ࣓࢖
኱ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡓࠋ
TROSY-HSQC ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡑ
ࣥࡢ N ᮎ➃ࡢ Ser ṧᇶࢆ Cys ࡟⨨᥮ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡑ
ࡢ N ᮎ➃࡟ Ssp DnaB ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࢆ௜ຍࡋࡓⓎ⌧
⣔ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ(S154C)P2–
5 ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1L ᇵ㣴࠶ࡓࡾ 20 mg ࡢࠊࢩࢫࢸ࢖
ࣥṧᇶ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ(S154C)P2–5 ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢࢥࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢺ࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥ
ࡢษ᩿ࡀᇵ㣴୰࡟⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊCBD ࢆ฼
⏝ࡋࡓ࢔ࣇ࢕ࢽࢸ࢕࣮⢭〇ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟
Fig.5
ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࠋ
࣮ࣞࣥ 1–4㸸P1(Q153)࡜(S154C)P2–5 ࡢࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩ
ࣙࣥ཯ᛂࡢ⤖ᯝࠋ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࡸ ᗘ࡞࡝ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡀࠊ
཯ᛂຠ⋡ࡣྥୖࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࣮ࣞࣥ 5㸸P1(Q153G)࡜(S154C)P2–5 ࡢࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙ
ࣥ཯ᛂࡢ⤖ᯝࠋ࣮ࣞࣥ 1–4 ࡜ẚ࡭ࠊᮍ཯ᛂࡢ P2–5 ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊP1/P2-5 ࡢࣂࣥࢻࡀ⃰ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ཯ᛂຠ
⋡ࡀቑ኱ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂ᮲௳ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ0.8
mM ࡢ P1(Q153)࠾ࡼࡧ 0.1 mM ࡢ(S154C)P2–5
ࢆࠊ㑏ඖ๣࡛࠶ࡿ 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid
ࢆ 200 mM ῧຍࡋࡓ᮲௳࡛ΰྜࡋࠊ2 ᪥㛫཯ᛂࡉ
ࡏࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຠ⋡ࡣ 10%⛬ᗘ࡟
࡜࡝ࡲࡗࡓ㸦Fig.5a, ࣮ࣞࣥ 1-4㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࢳ࢜
࢚ࢫࢸࣝ໬ࡉࢀࡓࠊN ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ C ᮎ➃
ࡢ࢔࣑ࣀ㓟ṧᇶࡢ✀㢮ࡀ཯ᛂຠ⋡࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
37
37
EPL ἲ࡟ࡼࡿࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࠋ
ࣉࣛ࢖ࢩࣥࢢάᛶࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᑟධࡋࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊṧࡾࡢ 4 ṧᇶࡣ cloning artifact ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
P1 ࢆࠊIPTG ㄏᑟᛶࡢ T7 promoter ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ RSF
࣋ࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࠊP2–5 ࢆࠊRSF ࣋ࢡࢱ࣮࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ
」〇㉳Ⅼ࡜ᢠ⏕≀㉁⪏ᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠊ࢔ࣛࣅࣀ࣮ࢫ
ㄏᑟᛶࡢ BAD ࣋ࢡࢱ࣮࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀᑟධࡋࡓࠋ
୧Ⓨ⌧⣔ࢆ኱⭠⳦⣽⬊ෆ࡟ᑟධࡋࠊⓎ⌧ㄏᑟࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊIPTG ࡛ࡣ P1 ࡀࠊ࢔ࣛࣅࣀ࣮ࢫ࡛
ࡣ P2–5 ࡀㄏᑟࡉࢀࠊ୧᪉࡛ㄏᑟࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୧⪅ࡢ
ࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏘≀ࡀ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㸦Fig.7a, ࣮ࣞࣥ
Fig.6
3,4㸧ࠋ⢭〇ᚋࡢ཰㔞ࡣࠊ2–20 mg ⛬ᗘ࡜ࠊEPL ἲ
EPL ἲࠊPTS ἲ࡟ࡼࡾㄪ〇ࡋࡓࠊ༊ศ
1
15
ᶆ㆑ CheA ࡢ H- N TROSY-HSQC ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ
࡜ẚ࡭࡚㢧ⴭ࡟ቑ኱ࡋࡓࠋ
ࣝࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊcloning artifact ࡛࠶ࡿ P1 ࡢ Gly-Serࠊ
(a) CheA ඲㛗ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ1H ࡢ໬Ꮫࢩࣇࢺ್ 8 ppm
௜㏆ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀⴭࡋࡃ⦰㔜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
(b) EPL ἲ࡟ࡼࡾㄪ〇ࡋࡓࠊ[2H,15N]P1(Q153G)
/[1H,14N](S154C)P2–5 ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ
(c) in vitro PTS ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ㄪ 〇 ࡋ ࡓ ࠊ
[2H,15N]P1/[1H,14N]P2–5 ࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠋ
P2–5 ࡢ Gly-Thr ࢆඖࡢ㓄ิ࡟ᡠࡋࡓⓎ⌧⣔ࢆᵓ
⠏ࡋࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
཰㔞࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡎ࡟ࠊኚ␗ᑟධṧᇶࢆ 3
ṧᇶࡲ࡛⦰ᑠ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
5-2. in vivo PTS ἲ
3–7 ṧᇶࡢኚ␗ࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮
ḟ࡟ᡃࠎࡣࠊin vivo PTS ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋPTS
ࢩࣙࣥ⏘≀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ㔝⏕ᆺ࡜ྠ➼ࡢࢩࢢࢼࣝ
ἲ࡛ࡣࠊ⏝࠸ࡿ split intein ࡢᛶ㉁ࡀࠊࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥ
ఏ㐩άᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ
ࢺࡢⓎ⌧㔞ࡸᏳᐃᛶࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຠ⋡
ᮏᡭἲ࡛ᐇ㝿࡟༊ศ㑅ᢥᶆ㆑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ
࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᒾ஭ࡽࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋ
EPL ࡜ྠᵝࠊࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢ⦰㔜ࡣゎᾘࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ
ࡓ Npu DnaE ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ[12]ࠋ Npu
࠿ࡋࠊ㉁㔞ศᯒἲ࡜ 1H-1D ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ࠿ࡽࠊ㠀ᶆ
DnaE ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ split intein ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ
㆑ࡢࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏘≀ࡀࠊ50 %⛬ᗘΰᅾࡋ࡚࠸
࡚ࠊࣜࣇ࢛࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࡀ୙せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࢖ࣥ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊIPTG ࡟ࡼࡗ
ࢸ࢖ࣥࡢ C ᮎ➃ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ 15 ṧᇶ࡜▷ࡃࠊ
࡚Ⓨ⌧ࡋࡓ T7 RNA polymerase ࡀᇵᆅ୰࡟ṧࡿ
ࡇࢀࢆ௜ຍࡋࡓࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁ࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢྍ⁐
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊT7 promoter ࡀᇵᆅ஺᥮ᚋ࡟ࡶ᏶඲
ᛶࢆᦆ࡞࠸࡟ࡃ࠸Ⅼࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ split
࡟ࡣ㐽᩿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺
intein 㛫ࡢぶ࿴ᛶࡀᙉ࠸ࡓࡵ (Kd = 3 nM)ࠊࣛ࢖
࡞㠀ᶆ㆑యࡢΰධࡣࠊNMR ࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆほ ࡍࡿ
ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡔࡅࡢᐇ㦂࡛࠶ࢀࡤၥ㢟࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㌿⛣஺ᕪ㣬࿴ἲ
࡞࠾ࠊNpu DnaE ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡢ㑇ఏᏊࢆᣢࡘࣉࣛ
[13]ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ㧗࠸ᶆ㆑⋡ࡀせồࡉࢀࡿᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ
ࢫ࣑ࢻࡣࠊAddgene ♫ࡼࡾ㉎ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
(http://www.addgene.org/Hideo_Iwai)ࠋ
PTS ἲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ษ ᩿ 㒊 ఩ ࡢ ᳨ ウ ࡣ ⾜ ࢃ ࡎ
L141-S142 ࡜ࡋࡓࠋP1(L141)ࡢ C ᮎ➃ 2 ṧᇶ࡟
Gly-Ser ࠊ (S142)P2–5 ࡢ N ᮎ ➃ 5 ṧ ᇶ ࡟
Cys-Phe-Asn-Gly-Thr ࡢኚ␗ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺
ࡕࠊCys-Phe-Asn ࡣࠊNpu DnaE ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡢࢫ
38
38
a
࡟ Gly ኚ␗ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ཯ᛂຠ⋡ࢆ 40%⛬
b
ᗘࡲ࡛ྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࢀ௨ୖ
ࡢ཯ᛂຠ⋡ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ
ࡣࠊCheA ࡢᵓ㐀ⓗ≉ᚩࡸࠊ㧗ศᏊ㔞ࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁
࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ཯ᛂ᫬ࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ⃰ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵ
ࡿࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࡢຠ⋡ࢆ᭱㐺໬ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ཯ᛂ᫬㛫ࠊ ᗘࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㒊఩ࠊ
Fig.7
ࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ⃰ᗘࠊ㑏ඖ๣ࡸῧຍ≀ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡞࡝ከ
PTS ἲ࡟ࡼࡿࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࠋ
ᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᮲௳᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊᕷ
(a) in vivo PTS ཯ᛂࠋ࣮ࣞࣥ 0㸸ㄏᑟ๓ࠊ1㸸IPTG ㄏ
ᑟࠊ2㸸࢔ࣛࣅࣀ࣮ࢫㄏᑟࠊ3, 4㸸୧᪉࡛ㄏᑟࠋ3, 4 ࡛
ࡣࠊࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࢀࡓ P1/P2–5 ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿࠊ㧗ศ
Ꮚ㔞ࡢࣂࣥࢻࡀほ ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
(b) in vitro PTS ཯ᛂࠋ12 ᫬㛫ࡢ཯ᛂ࡛ࠊ70%⛬ᗘࡢຠ
⋡࡛ࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࡓࠋ
㈍ࡢ pTWIN system ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ EPL ࡛ࡣࠊCheA
ࡢษ᩿㒊఩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡢษ᩿࡟ࡼࡾ
⢭〇ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ」ᩘࡢษ᩿㒊఩ࢆヨࡳ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉ࠊPTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊin vivo, in vitro ࡢ཮᪉࡟࠾
5-3. in vitro PTS ἲ
ࡑࡇ࡛ḟ࡟ࠊin vitro PTS ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋin vitro
࠸࡚ࠊ㧗࠸཯ᛂຠ⋡࡜཰㔞࡛඲㛗 CheA ࢆㄪ〇ࡍ
PTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊ஧ࡘࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆูࠎ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡉ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ⢭〇ࡀ
ࡏࡓୖ࡛ࠊin vitro ࡛ΰྜࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊin vivo
୙せ࡞ in vivo PTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊㄪ〇࡟࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫࠾
PTS ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᶆ㆑⋡ࡢపୗࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡼࡧປຊࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋin vivo PTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊᶆ㆑
in vivo PTS ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࢥࣥࢫࢺࣛࢡࢺࢆࡑࡢࡲ
⋡ࡀప࠸Ⅼࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊin vitro PTS ἲ࡟
ࡲ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊP1, P2–5 ࡢྛࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆⓎ⌧࣭
ࡼࡾ௦᭰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࡣࠊ
⢭〇ࡋࠊ0.5 mM TCEP Ꮡᅾୗ࡛཯ᛂࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑ
CheA ࡢ༊ศᶆ㆑యࡢㄪ〇࡟ࡣ PTS ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ12 ᫬㛫ᚋ࡟ࡣ 70%⛬ᗘࡢ཯ᛂຠ⋡࡛ࣛ࢖
ࡿࠋ
ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⏘≀ࡀ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ㸦Fig.7c㸧ࠋ཰㔞ࡣࠊ1L
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊPTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡀ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆ
ᇵ㣴࠶ࡓࡾ 3.6 mg ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋP1 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ
ᙧᡂࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ
2H,15N
ᶆ㆑ࠊP2–5 ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ㠀ᶆ㆑࡜ࡋࡓヨᩱ
in vitro PTS ἲ࡛ࡣ୧᪉ࠊin vivo PTS ἲ࡛ࡶᑡ࡞
ࡢ 1H-15N TROSY-HSQC ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡣࠊEPL ἲ
ࡃ࡜ࡶ୍᪉ࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥ༦ࡀྍ⁐࡛࡞࠸࡜㐺⏝ࡀ
࡛ㄪ〇ࡋࡓヨᩱࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ㸦Fig.6b㸧࡜ࠊࣜࣥ
ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊEPL ἲ࡛ࡣࠊኚᛶ๣Ꮡᅾୗ࡛
࣮࢝㒊ศࢆ㝖࠸࡚࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋࡓ㸦Fig.6c㸧ࠋ
୙⁐ᛶࡢࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺྠኈࢆࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡉࡏ
ࡓୖ࡛ࠊ඲㛗ࢆᕳࡁᡠࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
6. ⪃ᐹ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡵ
࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡶࠊศ᩿࣭᥋ྜ㒊఩࡟ኚ␗ࢆᑟධ
ᡃࠎࡣࠊEPL ἲࠊPTS ἲ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ␗࡞ࡿ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㏻ᖖᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊPTS ࡼࡾ EPL ࡢ
᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊCheA ࡢࢻ࣓࢖ࣥ༊ศ㑅ᢥᶆ㆑య
᪉ࡀࠊᚲせ࡞ኚ␗ᑟධṧᇶᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ
ࡢㄪ〇࠾ࡼࡧ NMR ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢྲྀᚓ࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ
࡚ࠊ௒ᗘ᪂つࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆ༊ศᶆ㆑ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊ
CheA ࡛ࡣࠊᮍ཯ᛂࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩ
௒ᅇࡢ▱ぢࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᭱㐺࡞᪉ἲࢆ⪃៖
ࣙࣥ⏘≀࡜࣊ࢸࣟࢲ࢖࣐࣮ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚ࠊ཰㔞ࢆప
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ୗࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ≉࡟㧗࠸ࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ཯ᛂຠ⋡
௒ᚋࠊ༊ศᶆ㆑ἲࡢ㐺⏝ࢆࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ࡀせồࡉࢀࡓࠋEPL ἲ࡛ࡣࠊP1(Q153)ࡢ C ᮎ➃
࡟ࡣࠊPTS ἲ࡛ࡣࠊࡼࡾᑡ࡞࠸ኚ␗ᑟධṧᇶᩘ࡛
39
39
ࡶࣛ࢖ࢤ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍ࡴࡼ࠺࡞࢖ࣥࢸ࢖ࣥࡢ㛤Ⓨ
(2010)
ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊEPL ἲ࡛ࡣࠊC ᮎ➃࡟ࢳ࢚࢜ࢫࢸ
[9] S. Züger and H. Iwai, Nature Biotech. 23 736
ࣝᇶࢆᣢࡘࣇࣛࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ☜ᐇ࡟ㄪ〇࡛ࡁࡿ᪉ἲ
(2005)
ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
[10] Y. Minato, T. Ueda, A. Machiyama, I.
Shimada, H. Iwaï J. Biomol. NMR (2012) in
press.
7. ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵㐃
[11] TM. Hackeng, JH. Griffin, PE. Dawson:
ᙜ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࠊNMR ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᵝࠎ࡞⺮ⓑ
㉁ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐠ືᛶࡸᶆⓗศᏊ࡜ࡢ⤖ྜᵝᘧ
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96 10068 (1999)
ࢆཎᏊࣞ࣋ࣝࡢศゎ⬟࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ
[12] M. Muona, AS. Aranko, H. Iwaï:
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⸆Ꮫ㒊ࡢ௚ࡢ◊✲ᐊࡶࠊ᭷ᶵ໬ྜ
ChemBioChem 9 2958 (2008).
≀ࡢྠᐃࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊከࡃࡢ NMR ⿦⨨ࢆ᪥ᖖⓗ࡟
[13]: I. Shimada, T. Ueda, M. Matsumoto, M.
฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Sakakura, M. Osawa, K. Takeuchi, N. Nishida,
H. Takahashi, Prog. Nuc. Magn. Reson. Spect.
NMR ⿦⨨࡛ࡣࠊ㉸ఏᑟ࣐ࢢࢿࢵࢺࡢ⥔ᣢࡢࡓ
54 123 (2009)
ࡵ࡟ࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࠾ࡼࡧᾮయ❅⣲ࢆᐃᮇⓗ࡟⿵
඘ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ㧗࠸ S/N
ࡸศゎ⬟ࢆ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ㧗☢ሙࡢ⿦⨨࡛ࡣࠊከ㔞
ࡢᐮ๣ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᏛෆࡢప ࢭ
ࣥࢱ࣮࠿ࡽࠊᐮ๣ࡢ౪⤥ࢆᏳᐃⓗ࡟ཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ
࡜ࡢព⩏ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
[1] M. Kainosho, T. Torizawa, Y. Iwashita, T.
Terauchi, A. Ono, P. Güntert, Nature 440 52
(2006)
[2] TW. Muir, S. Dolan, and PA. Cole: Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA. 95 6705 (1998).
[3] T. Yamazaki, T. Otomo, N. Oda, Y. Kyogoku,
K. Uegaki, N. Ito, Y. Ishino, H. Nakamura, J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 120 5591 (1998)
[4] Y. Kobashigawa, H. Kumeta, K. Ogura, F.
Inagaki, J. Biomol. NMR 43 145 (2009)
[5] Y. Anraku, Y. Satow, Proc. Japan Acad.
Series B 85 409 (2009)
[6] R. David, M. P. O. Richter, A. G.
Beck-Sickinger, Eur. J. Biochem. 271 663 (2004)
[7] M. Muona, A S. Aranko, V. Raulinaitis, H.
Iwaï, Nature Protocols, 5 574 (2010)
[8] G. Volkmann, H. Iwaï, Mol. Biosyst. 6 2110
40
40
౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥቶ ⎇ⓥታ❣ႎ๔
ŏ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼䊶ൻቇኾ᡹㩷 ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ
䉟䊒䉲䊨䊮ဳ㉄ൻ㋕䊅䊉ᓸ☸ሶ䈱⋧ォ⒖⃻⽎䈮䈍䈔䉎ᒻ⁁ଐሽᕈ
‫ޤ⸒⻉ޣ‬
(a)
⏛ᕈ᧚ᢱߪ⃻ઍ␠ળߩ᭽‫ߦࠈߎߣߥޘ‬೑↪ߐࠇ
γ-Fe2O3
(b)
α-Fe2O3
ߡ߅ࠅ㧘⃻࿷ߩᚒ‫␠ߩޘ‬ળᵴേࠍᡰ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚⃻
࿷㧘ᐢߊ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⏛ᕈ᧚ᢱࠍᄢ೎ߔࠆߣ㧘
⏛ᕈࡈࠚ࡜ࠗ࠻㧔㋕㉄ൻ‛ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߚ㊄ዻ㉄
ൻ‛⏛⍹㧕ߣ㧘Ꮧ࿯㘃⏛⍹߇޽ࠆ㧚⏛ᕈࡈࠚ࡜ࠗ
࠻ߪ㧘⼾ንߦሽ࿷ߔࠆర⚛߆ࠄߥࠅ㧘቟ଔߢൻቇ
(C) ε-Fe O
2 3
⊛቟ቯᕈߦఝࠇ㧘⛘✼ᕈࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁․ᓽ
㋕%䉰䉟䊃
ࠍ஻߃ߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ᐢߊᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ઍ⴫⊛
ߥ⏛ᕈࡈࠚ࡜ࠗ࠻ߣߒߡߪ㧘྾㉄ൻਃ㋕ (Fe3O4)
㋕$䉰䉟䊃
ߣਃ㉄ൻੑ㋕(Fe2O3) ߇᦭ฬߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓟ⠪ߩ Fe2O3
㋕&䉰䉟䊃
ߩ႐ว㧘⥄ὼ⇇ߦ㋶‛ߣߒߡ↥಴ߐࠇࠆ Ȗ-Fe2O3
㋕'䉰䉟䊃
(ࡑࠣࡋࡑࠗ࠻)ߣ Į-Fe2O3㧔ࡋࡑ࠲ࠗ࠻㧕߇޽ࠅ㧘
ߘࠇߙࠇ⏛᳇⸥㍳ᇦ૕߿⿒⦡㗻ᢱߥߤߦᐢߊ↪޿
(d)
15
10
࠽ࡁᓸ☸ሶวᚑᴺߦࠃࠅ㧘ਃ㉄ൻੑ㋕ߩᏗዋ⋧ߢ
5
M (emu/g)
ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ(࿑ 1a,b)㧚ᒰ⎇ⓥቶߢߪㄭᐕ㧘ൻቇ⊛ߥ
޽ࠆࠗࡊࠪࡠࡦဳ́㉄ൻ㋕(İ-Fe2O3)ࠍන⋧ߣߒߡ
ᓧࠆߎߣߦೋ߼ߡᚑഞߒ㧘ߎߩ‛⾰߇ቶ᷷ߢ 20 ࠠ
ぷ⮶≬䭐┪
Hc = 20 kOe
0
-5
-10
ࡠࠛ࡞ࡦࠬ࠹࠶࠼㧔kOe㧕ߣ޿߁ᓥ᧪ߩ⏛ᕈࡈࠚ࡜
300 K
-15
ࠗ࠻ߩ 3 ୚ߩᄢ߈ߐߩ଻⏛ജ㧔⏛႐⏛ൻࠍ෻ォߐ
-40000 -20000
0
20000 40000
H (Oe)
ߖࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥᄖㇱ⏛႐㧕ࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ
(࿑ 1c,d)㧚߹ߚ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㧘ߎߩ İ-Fe2O3 ߩ㋕ࠗ
࿑㧝㧦(a) Ȗ-Fe2O3, (b) Į-Fe2O3, (c) İ-Fe2O3 ߩ⚿᥏᭴
3+
ࠝࡦ(Fe )ࠍઁ⒳ߩ㊄ዻߢ⟎឵ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ
ㅧ. (d) İ-Fe2O3 ߩቶ᷷ߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛᳇ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ࡞
޽ࠅ㧘ࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓ㧘ࠟ࡝࠙ࡓߣ޿ߞߚ㊄ዻ⟎឵
࡯ࡊ.
ߦࠃߞߡ㧘଻⏛ജࠍೋ߼ߡߣߔࠆ⏛᳇․ᕈ߇ᄢ߈
ߊ೙ᓮน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ[1,2]㧚ߘߩਛ
ߢ߽㧘ࠗࡦࠫ࠙ࡓ⟎឵ဳ İ-Fe2O3 (İ-InxFe2íxO3)࠽ࡁ
⏛ᕈ૕ߪ㧘ὶ㔚૕ߣߒߡߪᒝ⏛ᕈ-෻ᒝ⏛ᕈォ⒖ࠍ
␜ߔೋ߼ߡߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ[3]㧚
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁ⏛ᕈ૕ߩᒻ⁁೙ᓮ
ࠍ⹜ߺ㧘⋧ォ⒖ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍ⺞ߴߚ㧚ࡠ࠶࠼㐳
(l) ߩჇᄢߦ઻ߞߡ⋧ォ⒖ߦ઻߁᷷ᐲࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪ
࿑ 2㧦İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁ⏛ᕈ૕ߩ⏛ൻ-᷷ᐲᦛ✢.
ࠬߩ᏷߇㧘6 K (l= 25 nm)߆ࠄ 47 K (l= 170 nm) ߣ
42
42
Ⴧᄢߔࠆߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ㧚ߎߩ 47 K ߣ޿߁୯ߪ⛘
⹜ᢱߩ⚵ᚑಽᨆߪ⺃ዉ⚿วࡊ࡜࠭ࡑ⾰㊂ಽᨆⵝ
[4]
⟎ (ICP-MS, ࠕࠫ࡟ࡦ࠻࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯␠⵾, HP
✼ᕈ⏛ᕈ૕ߣߒߡߪᦨᄢ⚖ߩ୯ߢ޽ࠆ 㧚
4500)㧘⹜ᢱߩᒻᘒⷰኤߪㅘㆊဳ㔚ሶ㗼ᓸ㏜ (TEM,
‫ޣ‬ታ㛎‫ޤ‬
ᣣᧄ㔚ሶ␠⵾, JEM 2000EXII) ߦࠃࠅⴕߞߚ㧚☳ᧃ
İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼วᚑߣᒻ⁁೙ᓮ
㨄✢࿁᛬(XRD) ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪ࡝ࠟࠢ RINT2100 ߦࠃ
İ-InxFe2íxO3 (x§ 0.04) ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼ࠍ㧘ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ᴺ
ࠅ᷹ቯߒ㧘RIETAN-2000 program ࠍ↪޿ߚ Rieveld
ߣ࠱࡞ࠥ࡞ᴺߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃࠅวᚑߒߚ㧚࿑㧟
⸃ᨆߦࠃࠅ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⿥વዉ
ߦวᚑߩ᭎ⷐࠍ␜ߔ㧚2 ⒳㘃ߩㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ(I ߅ࠃ
㊂ሶᐓᷤ⚛ሶ⸘ (SQUID) ߦࠃࠅ⏛᳇․ᕈߩ᷹ቯ
߮ II)ࠍ㧘⥇ൻ࠮࠴࡞࠻࡝ࡔ࠴࡞ࠕࡦࡕ࠾࠙ࡓ
ࠍⴕߞߚ (ࠞࡦ࠲ࡓ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ␠⵾㧘MPMS-7)㧚⿥
(CTAB)㧘1-ࡉ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞㧘ࠝࠢ࠲ࡦ㧘᳓ࠍᷙวߔࠆ
વዉ㊂ሶᐓᷤ⚛ሶ⸘ߩ಄ළߦߪ᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ
ߎߣߦࠃࠅ⺞⵾ߒߚ㧚ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ I ߩ᳓⋧ߪ㧘
࠲࡯ߩᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚
⎣㉄㋕㧘⎣㉄ࡃ࡝࠙ࡓ㧘⎣㉄ࠗࡦࠫ࠙ࡓߩᷙว᳓
ṁᶧ߆ࠄߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ II ߩ᳓⋧ߪࠕ
‫⚿ޣ‬ᨐ࡮⠨ኤ‫ޤ‬
ࡦࡕ࠾ࠕ᳓߆ࠄߥߞߡ޿ߚ㧚ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ I ࠍỗ
⹜ᢱߩᒻ⁁߅ࠃ߮⚿᥏᭴ㅧ
ߒߊᠣᜈߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈߦㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ II ࠍṢਅ
࿑㧠ߦ⹜ᢱߩ TEM ௝ࠍ␜ߔ㧚TEM ௝߆ࠄߪ⃿
ߒ㧘෻ᔕ⚳ੌᓟߦ࠹࠻࡜ࠛ࠴࡞ࠝ࡞࠻ࠪ࡜ࡦࠍṢ
⁁޽ࠆ޿ߪࡠ࠶࠼⁁ߩ࠽ࡁᓸ☸ሶ߇ⷰኤߐࠇ㧘⹜
ਅߒ㧘24 ᤨ㑆ᠣᜈߒߚߩߜ㧘ಽ㔌࡮ᵞᵺ࡮ੇ῎ߔ
ᢱߩᐔဋ㐳ߐ (l) ߅ࠃ߮᏷ (w) ߪ㧘25×25 nm (⹜
ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘೨㚟૕ࠍᓧߚ㧚ᓧࠄࠇߚ೨㚟૕ࠍ㧘
ᢱ 1), 40×20 nm (⹜ᢱ 2), 80×20 nm (⹜ᢱ 3), 170×70
1075 ºC ޽ࠆ޿ߪ 975 ºC ߢ 4 ᤨ㑆὾ᚑߒ㧘ࠪ࡝ࠞ
nm (⹜ᢱ 4) ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ I ߦ฽߹
ࡑ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬࠍ᳓㉄ൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߢࠛ࠶࠴
ࠇࠆ Ba2+ࠗࠝࡦߩỚᐲߩჇടߦ઻޿㧘ࡠ࠶࠼㐳߇
ࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⹜ᢱࠍᓧߚ㧚
ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߚ㧚
ߎߎߢ㧘⎣㉄ࡃ࡝࠙ࡓߪᒻ⁁೙ᓮ᧚ߣߒߡ௛߈㧘
⚵ᚑಽᨆ߅ࠃ߮⹜ᢱߩ XRD ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߆ࠄ㧘ᓧࠄ
࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼⁁ߩ⚿᥏ᚑ㐳ࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣࠍߔߢߦ
ࠇߚ⹜ᢱߪ İ-InxFe2íxO3 (x§ 0.04) ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ
⷗಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ṁᶧ I ߩ⎣㉄ࡃ
߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ Rietveld ⸃ᨆߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ࠗࡦࠫ࠙
࡝࠙ࡓߩỚᐲࠍᄌ߃ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘4 ⒳㘃ߩ⇣ߥ
ࡓࠗࠝࡦߪ⚿᥏᭴ㅧਛߦ 4 ߟ޽ࠆ㕖╬ଔ㋕ࠨࠗ࠻
ࠆࡠ࠶࠼㐳ߩ İ-InxFe2íxO3 (x§ 0.04) ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼
(㋕ A,B,C,D ࠨࠗ࠻) ߩ߁ߜ㧘ㆬᛯ⊛ߦ㋕ A ࠨࠗ࠻
(⹜ᢱ 1㨪4) ࠍวᚑߒߚ㧚
ߣ㋕ B ࠨࠗ࠻ࠍ⟎឵ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚
⹜ᢱߩ⏛᳇․ᕈ
࿑㧡a ߦ⏛ൻ㧙᷷ᐲᦛ✢ࠍ␜ߔ㧚᷷ᐲߩૐਅߦ
઻޿㧘ࠠࡘ࡝࡯᷷ᐲ (TC§ 485 K)એਅߢ⏛ൻ߇Ⴧᄢ
ߒߚ߇㧘޽ࠆ᷷ᐲߢᕆỗߦᷫዋߒߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘᷷ᐲ
ߩ਄᣹ߦ઻ߞߡ⏛ൻߪჇᄢߒ㧘ࠊߕ߆ߦ㜞޿᷷ᐲ
ߢరߩ୯ߦ࿁ᓳߒ㧘⋧ォ⒖ߦ઻߁᷷ᐲࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪ
ࠬ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ㧚㒠᷷࡮᣹᷷ㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧ォ⒖
ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ᏷ ǻT ࠍ ǻT Ł
᷷ᐲࠍ T1/2Ļ߅ࠃ߮ T1/2Ĺ㧘
T1/2Ĺ – T1/2Ļߣቯ⟵ߒߚ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘T1/2Ļ߅ࠃ߮ T1/2Ĺߪ
㜞᷷⋧ߣૐ᷷⋧߇หߓഀวߣߥࠆ᷷ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚⹜
࿑㧟㧦ㅒࡒ࠮࡞ᴺߣ࠱࡞ࠥ࡞ᴺࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ
ᢱߩࡠ࠶࠼㐳߇㐳ߊߥࠆߩߦ઻ߞߡࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ
İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼วᚑᴺ㧚
ߪᄢ߈ߊ㐿߈㧘ǻT= 6 K (⹜ᢱ 1), 14 K(⹜ᢱ 2),
43
43
ᾲജቇ⊛⸃ᨆ
᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ᷷ᐲࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ࡞࡯ࡊߦߟ޿ߡ㧘
ᐔဋ႐ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ Slichter-Drickamer (SD)
ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡᾲജቇ⊛⸃ᨆࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߎߩࡕ࠺
࡞ߢߪ㧘⋧ォ⒖ߦ߅ߌࠆࠡࡉࠬ⥄↱ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯(G)
ߪ㧘㜞᷷⋧ߩഀว (Į) ߢᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸥ㅀߐࠇࠆ㧚
G= ĮǻH + ȖĮ (1– Į)
+ T{R[ĮlnĮ + (1– Į)ln(1– Į)] – ĮǻS}
ߎߎߢ㧘Ȗ ߪォ⒖ࠨࠗ࠻㑆ߩᒢᕈ⋧੕૞↪ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯
࠲࡯㧘ǻH ߪォ⒖ࠛࡦ࠲࡞ࡇ࡯㧘ǻS ߪォ⒖ࠛࡦ࠻
ࡠࡇ࡯㧘R ߪ᳇૕ቯᢙߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘ǻH ߩ
୯ࠍ 3000 J mol–1 ߣ઒ቯߒ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⹜ᢱߩ᷷ᐲ
ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ SD ࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃߞߡ⸘▚ߒ
ߚߣߎࠈ㧔࿑㧡㨎㧕㧘ǻS ߪ㧘޿ߕࠇߩ⹜ᢱߢ߽߶
߷৻ቯߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ㧘Ȗ ߪࡠ࠶࠼㐳ߩჇടߦ઻
޿㧘Ȗ= 2260 J molí1 (⹜ᢱ 1) ߆ࠄ 3130 J molí1 (⹜
࿑㧠㧦İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼ߩ TEM ௝㧚
ᢱ 4) ߹ߢჇടߒߚ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ǻT ߇ ǻS ߢߪߥߊ Ȗ
ߦଐሽߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘᷷ᐲࡅࠬ࠹࡝
ࠪࠬ߇ߎߩ♽ߩᒢᕈ⊛⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃࠅਥߦᡰ㈩ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚
‫ޤ߼ߣ߹ޣ‬
੹࿁㧘İ-InxFe2íxO3 ࠽ࡁࡠ࠶࠼ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࡠ࠶࠼
㐳߇㐳ߊߥࠆߦ઻ߞߡ᷷ᐲࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ߇ᄢ߈ߊ
ߥࠅ㧘⛘✼ᕈ⏛ᕈ᧚ᢱߣߒߡߪᦨᄢ⚖ߩ 47 K ߣ޿
߁ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬࠍᜬߟߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ㧚ࡠ࠶࠼㐳
ߣᒢᕈ⊛⋧੕૞↪ߩ㑆ߦߪ⋧㑐߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂ
ߐࠇߚ߇㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⋧㑐ߩႎ๔ߪ⃟ߒ޿㧚
‫ޣ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂‫ޤ‬
[1] S. Ohkoshi, S. Kuroki, S. Sakurai, K. Matsumoto,
K. Sato, S. Sasaki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 8392
(2007).
[2] S. Ohkoshi, S. Kuroki, S. Sakurai, K. Matsumoto,
K. Sato, S. Sasaki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 8392
(2007).
[3] A. Namai, S. Sakurai, M. Nakajima, T. Suemoto, K.
Matsumoto, M. Goto, S. Sasaki, S. Ohkoshi, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 131, 1170 (2009).
࿑㧡㧦(a) ⹜ᢱ 1,3,4 ߩ⏛ൻ-᷷ᐲᦛ✢߅ࠃ߮㧘(b)
Slichter-Drickamer ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ▚಴ߒߚ᷷ᐲࡅ
ࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ࡞࡯ࡊ㧚
25 K (⹜ᢱ 3), 47 K (⹜ᢱ 4)ߣߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩ 47 K ߣ
޿߁ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬ᏷ߪ㧘⛘✼ᕈᒝ⏛ᕈ૕ߣߒߡߪ
[4] K. Yamada, H. Tokoro, M. Yoshikiyo, T. Yorinaga,
ᦨᄢ⚖ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚
A. Namai, and S. Ohkoshi, J. Appl. Phys. in press
44
44
ŏ ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼䊶ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹㩷 ↢‛೙ᓮൻቇ⎇ⓥቶ
ᬀ‛䊖䊦䊝䊮ฃኈ૕䈱ାภવ㆐೙ᓮ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ
ᚑ㐳⺞▵೷ߣߒߡᐢߊㄘᬺ⊛ߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
mutant ߩᗧ), gid1b-KO, gid1c-KO ]ߢߪ‫ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬
ᬀ‛ࡎ࡞ࡕࡦ࡮ࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦߪ‫ޔ‬⒳ሶ⊒⧘߿⨍ߩિ
߽᣿⍎ߥᒻ⾰߇⃻ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ដߌว
㐳ଦㅴ‫ߩ⧘⧎ޔ‬ᒻᚑߥߤᬀ‛ߩ↢ᵴⅣߦ߅ߌࠆ
ࠊߖߦࠃࠅ૞಴ߒߚੑ㊀ᄌ⇣૕ߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬gid1a
᭽‫ࠍࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߥޘ‬೙ᓮߔࠆ‫࡝࡟ࡌࠫޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬
gid1c-2KO ߩߺߦ⧎⨍ߩ⍵ൻ௑ะࠍ⹺߼ߚ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬
ࡦߩౝ↢㊂߇ૐਅߒߚᬀ‛ߢߪ⢛ਂ߇ૐ޿ᒻ⾰
⇣ߥࠆ⚵วߖߩ gid1a gid1b-2KO ߩߺߢ⒤ታ₸ߩ
(⍵ᕈ)߿‫ེ⧎ޔ‬ቭ࡮⒳ሶߩᒻᚑ⇣Ᏹࠍ઻߁‫ࠫߩߎޕ‬
ૐਅࠍ⹺߼ߚ‫⸃ߥ⚦⹦ޕ‬ᨆߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬gid1a gid1b-
ࡌ࡟࡝ࡦߦኻߔࠆฃኈ૕ Gibberellin Insensitive
2KO ߩ㓶ߒߴߪ‫ޔ‬㊁↢ဳᩣ(ᱜᏱ⒳)߿ઁߩੑ㊀ᄌ
Dwarf1 (GID1)ߪᦨೋ‫ࡦ࡝࡟ࡌࠫߩࡀࠗޔ‬㕖ᗵฃ
⇣૕(gid1a gid1c-2KO ߅ࠃ߮ gid1b gid1c-2KO)
ᕈ⓭ὼᄌ⇣૕ߩේ࿃ㆮવሶ↥‛ߣߒߡหቯߐࠇߚ
ߩ㓶ߒߴߣᲧߴߡ‫ޔ‬᣿ࠄ߆ߥિ㐳ਇ⦟ࠍ↢ߓߡ޿
[1]‫ޔߡ޿⛯ޕ‬෺ሶ⪲ᬀ‛ߩࠪࡠࠗ࠿࠽࠭࠽߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ[3]‫ޕ‬
ࠗࡀ GID1 ߩࠝ࡞࠰ࡠࠣߣߒߡ 3 ⒳(GID1a, b, c)
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ‫⚵ޔ‬วߖߦᔕߓߡ⇣ߥࠆེቭߦ⇣Ᏹ
߇หቯߐࠇ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ฃኈ૕ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ࠆ
ᒻ⾰߇⃻ࠇߚὐߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬3 ⒳ߩ߁ߜ 2 ⒳ߩฃኈ
ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ[2]‫ޕ‬
૕ᯏ⢻ࠍᰳᄬߐߖߚߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄᔅὼ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠆ
ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⍮⷗߆ࠄ‫ߩࡦ࡝࡟ࡌࠫޔ‬ାภવ㆐ߦ
1 ⒳߇ᱜᏱߦᯏ⢻ߒߥ޿ߣᗐ௝ߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬
㑐ߔࠆਥⷐ⚻〝ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߔޕ‬
ฦ GID1 ㆮવሶࡊࡠࡕ࡯࠲࡯ߩ೙ᓮਅߢ࡟ࡐ࡯࠲
ߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬1).DELLA ߣ⒓ߐࠇࠆᩭౝᏱ㚢࿃ሶ߇‫ޔ‬
࡯ㆮવሶ GUS ߣ GID1 ㆮવሶߣߩⲢว‛ࠍ⊒⃻
ㅢᏱߪࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦ߆ࠄߩାภવ㆐ࠍᛥ೙ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߐߖࠆᒻ⾰ォ឵૕(pGID1::GID1-GUS)ࠍ૞಴ߒ‫ޔ‬
ߘߒߡ‫ޔ‬2).߭ߣߚ߮ࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ฃ
GID1 ㆮવሶߩ⊒⃻ㇱ૏ߣ GID1-GUS Ⲣว㉂⚛ߩ
ኈ૕ߪߎࠇߣㆬᛯ⊛ߦ⚿วߔࠆ‫ߩߎޔߡߒߘޕ‬Ბ
ሽ࿷ㇱ૏ࠍᛠីߒߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬gid1a gid1c-2KO ⧎
㓏ߦ߅޿ߡᣂߚߦฃኈ૕ GID1 ߪ‫ޔ‬DELLA ࿃ሶ
⨍ߩ⍵ൻේ࿃ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ GID1b ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬
ߦኻߔࠆⷫ๺ᕈࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦᕈ⁁߇ᄌൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬3).
GID1b-GUS ㆮવሶ⊒⃻୘૕ߩ⧎⨍ߦ GID1b ㆮવ
ࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦࠍ੺ߒߡฃኈ૕ GID1 ߣⶄว૕ࠍᒻᚑ
ሶߩ⊒⃻߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬GUS ㉂⚛ߩᵴᕈߪ
ߒߚ DELLA ࿃ሶߪ‫⥄ޔ‬りߩᜬߟାภવ㆐ᛥ೙ᯏ
⹺߼ࠄࠇߕ‫ ߡ޿߅ߦ⨍⧎ޔ‬GID1b ߇቟ቯߒߡሽ࿷
⢻ࠍᄬ߁‫ޕ‬4).ᯏ⢻ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ DELLA ࿃ሶ߇ᷫዋ
ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߪࠬ࡯ࠤߩߎޔ‬ᱜ
ߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ାภߩવ㆐߇㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Ᏹߥฃኈ૕ߩ㊂⊛ᰳਲߦ᜚ࠆߣ⚿⺰ߒߚ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬
ࠪࡠࠗ࠿࠽࠭࠽ߢߪฃኈ૕ 3 ⒳ߦട߃‫ޔ‬DELLA
gid1a gid1b-2KO 㓶ߒߴߩિ㐳ਇ⦟ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒ
࿃ሶ߇ 5 ⒳ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫▚⸘ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬਄ߪ 15 ㅢࠅߩ
ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ GID1c ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩ⧎⨍⍵ൻ
⚵วߖ߇ᗐቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ⶄߩߎޔߪޘ‬ᢙߩಽሶ⒳
ߩࠤ࡯ࠬߣ੐ᖱ߇⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬GID1c-GUS ㆮવሶ⊒
߇੺࿷ߒᓧࠆ೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߦ⥝๧ࠍᜬߜ‫࠽࠿ࠗࡠࠪޔ‬
⃻୘૕ߩ㓶ߒߴߦ߅޿ߡ᣿⍎ߥ GUS ᵴᕈ߇⏕⹺
࠭࠽ߦ߅ߌࠆࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦߩାภવ㆐೙ᓮᯏ᭴ߩ⸃
ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬gid1a gid1b-2KO 㓶ߒߴߩિ
᣿ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߣ✜┵ޕ‬ฃኈ૕ GID1
㐳ਇ⦟ߪᱷࠆฃኈ૕ GID1c ߩ㊂⊛ᰳਲߦߪ᜚ࠄ
ߩᯏ⢻ᰳᄬဳᄌ⇣૕ࠍ૞಴ߒ‫⸃ޔ‬ᨆߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬
ߕ‫ⷐߦઁޔ‬࿃߇޽ࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚ[4]‫ޕ‬
ฦන৻ߩᄌ⇣૕[ gid1a-KO (KO ߪ knock-out
਄⸥ߩߣ߅ࠅ‫ߩࡦ࡝࡟ࡌࠫޔ‬ାภવ㆐ߪฃኈ
45
45
૕ߩᕈ⁁ᄌൻߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬ฃኈ૕ïDELLA 㑆ߢⶄว
⚵วߖߦଐሽߒߡ৻ㇱߩེቭ㒢ቯߢ⃻ࠇࠆᒻ⾰
૕ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇┵✜ߣߥࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬gid1a
ߪ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠆᱜᏱߥฃኈ૕ߩ㊂⊛࡮⾰⊛ߥ೙ᓮᯏ⢻
gid1b-2KO 㓶ߒߴߩિ㐳ਇ⦟ߪ GID1c ߦ߅ߌࠆ
ߩૐਅ߇㑐ਈߔࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ[4]‫ޕ‬
૗ࠄ߆ߩ⾰⊛ⷐ࿃‫ౕޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪ GID1c-DELLA
ࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦฃኈ૕ߩ᭴ㅧ⊛․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬DELLA
㑆ߩⷫ๺ᕈ߇㑐ㅪߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ੍ᗐࠍ┙
࿃ሶߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ฃኈ૕ಽሶౝ N ᧃ┵஥ߩ
ߡ‫ޔ‬ಽሶ㑆ߩⷫ๺ᕈ⹏ଔࠍ⸘↹ߒߚ‫◲ޕ‬ᤃ⹏ଔ
lid(ࡈ࠲)ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㗔ၞߩ㑐ਈ߇ 2008 ᐕߦႎ๔
♽ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㉂Უࠍ↪޿ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ೑↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠇߚ[5,6]‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬DELLA ࿃ሶߦኻߔࠆⷫ๺
⹦⚦ߪ⋭ߊ߇‫ޔ‬1 ⒳ߩ DELLA ࿃ሶߦኻߒ 2 ⒳
ᕈ᳿ቯ㗔ၞߪߎߩ lid ߩߺߢචಽߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠍ᣿⏕
ߩฃኈ૕ࠍ┹วߐߖ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߩฃኈ૕߇ㆬᛯ⊛ߦ
ߦߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬lid 㗔ၞߣฃኈ૕ಽሶౝᱷࠅߩ㗔ၞߣࠍ
DELLA ࿃ሶߣⶄว૕ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ႐ว‫ޔ‬㉂Უߩ↢
ࠬࡢ࠶ࡊߐߖߚࠠࡔ࡜ฃኈ૕ࠍ૞⵾ߒ‫ⷫޔ‬๺ᕈߩ
⢒ᄌൻ߆ࠄߘࠇࠍ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߥߞߡ
௑ะᄌൻࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᄢඨߪ੍ᗐߤ߅ࠅ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
lid 㗔ၞߩߺߦଐሽߒߡⷫ๺ᕈߩᒝᒙ߇᳿߹ࠆ௑
㉂Უࠍ↪޿ߡో 15 ㅢࠅߩ GID1-DELLA 㑆ߩ
ะࠍ⹺߼ߚ߇‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⚵วߖߢߪߘߩ੍ᗐߦᴪࠊ
ⷫ๺ᕈࠍ⸃ᨆߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ಽሶߦࠃࠅ᭽‫ߥ⇣ߦޘ‬
ߥ޿⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬lid એᄖߩ㗔ၞ߽ⷫ๺ᕈ
ࠆⷫ๺ᕈࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ(࿑ 1)‫ޕ‬
೙ᓮߦ㑐ਈߔࠆߎߣࠍᒝߊ␜ໂߔࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬㉂Უ
ߩ⹜㛎⚿ᨐࠍ⸃㉼ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ೨ឭߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎࠲
ࡦࡄࠢ⾰߇ోߡ቟ቯߒߡ㉂Უౝߦሽ࿷ߒߥߊߡߪ
ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔ߼ߚߩ⹺⏕ߩߎޕ‬ᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߆ࠄኙ೷
ߩឭଏࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬ᄙᬌ૕ߩ৻ᢧ⎕⎈ᠲ૞ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦ
㗫❥ߦ೑↪ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡ߅␞↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬
੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ߣߒߡ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬㉂Უࠍ↪޿ߡᓧߚᖱ
ႎࠍᬀ‛૕ߦᚯߒ‫ᦼޔ‬ᓙߐࠇࠆᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠆ߆ࠍ
⏕⹺ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
[1] M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, M. Ashikari, M.
Nakajima, H. Itoh, E. Katoh, et al., Nature
437: 693 (2005).
࿑㧝 ࠪࡠࠗ࠿࠽࠭࠽ߦ߅ߌࠆࠫࡌ࡟࡝ࡦฃኈ૕
ߣ &'..# ࿃ሶ㑆ߩⷫ๺ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᮨᑼ⊛ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ
[2] M. Nakajima, A. Shimada, Y. Takashi, Y.-C.
3 ⒳ ߩ ฃ ኈ ૕ (1a, 1b, 1c ߪ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ GID1a,
GID1b, GID1c ߩᗧ)ߣ 5 ⒳ߩ DELLA ࿃ሶ(GAI,
RGA, RGL1ޯ3 ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ)ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㉂Უࠍ↪
޿ߚ⹏ଔ♽ߦ߅޿ߡ⋧ኻ⊛ߦ㜞޿ⷫ๺ᕈࠍ␜ߔ⚵
วߖࠍᄥ޿ਔ⍫ශߢ‫ޔ‬ૐ޿ⷫ๺ᕈࠍ␜ߔ⚵วߖࠍ
⚦޿ᵄ✢ਔ⍫ශߢ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬᭽‫ߩࡦ࡯࠲ࡄߥޘ‬ሽ࿷߇
⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
Kim, S.-H. Park, et al., Plant J. 46: 880 (2006).
[3] S. Iuchi, H. Suzuki, Y.-C. Kim, A. Iuchi, T.
Kuromori, et al., Plant J., 50: 958 (2007).
[4] H. Suzuki, S.-H. Park, K. Okubo, J.
Kitamura, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, et al., Plant J.,
60: 48 (2009).
ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬㓶ߒߴࠍ฽߻⧎ེቭߢਥⷐߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ
[5] K. Murase, Y. Hirano, T.-P. Sun and T.
DELLA ࿃ሶ 2 ⒳ߩ޿ߕࠇߦኻߒߡ߽‫ߣઁޔ‬Ყߴ
Hakoshima, Nature, 456: 459 (2008).
ߡ GID1c ߪ⋧ኻ⊛ߦૐ޿ⷫ๺ᕈߒ߆␜ߖߕ‫ߘޔ‬
[6] A. Shimada, M. Ueguchi-Tanaka, T. Nakatsu,
ࠇࠄ․ቯ DELLA ࿃ሶߣߩ⚿วᯏ⢻ߩഠᕈ߇‫ޔ‬
M. Nakajima, Y. Naoe, et al., Nature, 456: 520
gid1a gid1b-2KO ߩߺߢ⇣Ᏹᒻ⾰߇⃻ࠇߚේ࿃
(2008).
ߣ⠨߃ߡ⍦⋫ߒߥ޿⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬਄⸥ᬌ⸛ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬
46
46
ŏᎿቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼䊶㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹㩷 ↰ਛ⎇ⓥቶ
Fabrication of n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)As
and were grown by low-temperature molecular-beam
1. Introduction
All of semiconductor devices, including pn junction
epitaxy (LT-MBE) on semi-insulating GaAs substrates
diodes, field effect transistors or semiconductor lasers,
(see Method summary for sample preparation). Two
require a pair of n-type and p-type semiconductor
series of (In1-x,Fex)As samples were grown as
materials to work. Semiconductor spintronics devices
summarized in Table I. Series A with a Fe
are no exception. Despite the extensive studies on
concentration of x = 5.0% and series B with a higher
magnetic
carrier-induced
Fe concentration of x = 8.0% (except for B0 with x =
FMSs are still missing. In fact, most studies on FMSs
9.1%) were grown at a substrate temperature of 236°C,
are concentrated on III-V semiconductor doped with
with and without electron doping. Figure 1a shows a
Mn, such as (In,Mn)As [1] or (Ga,Mn)As [2,3], which
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of
semiconductors,
n-type
20
are always p-type with hole densities as high as 10 21
sample B0, which is undoped (In0.909,Fe0.091)As. Figure
-3
10 cm . In those materials, Mn atoms work not only
1d shows a high-resolution TEM image of an area
as local magnetic moments but also as acceptors
close to the buffer layer, indicated by the rectangular in
providing holes that mediate ferromagnetism. This
Fig. 1a. Despite low-temperature growth, the whole
behavior, however, creates a severe drawback; it is
(In,Fe)As layer shows zinc-blende crystal structure and
difficult to control the ferromagnetism and carrier type
no visible inter-metallic precipitation. We further
(in other words, Fermi level) independently. This
thinned the TEM sample down to ~ 10 nm and found
problem makes it difficult to utilise the Mn-based
no evidence of such inter-metallic precipitated
FMSs for practical devices, as well as to understand
particles, proving that it is possible to grow
the mechanism of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in
zinc-blende (In,Fe)As of good quality by LT-MBE.
which controlling the Fermi level is very important. On
Figure 1b shows the In, Fe and As atomic
the other hand, II-VI semiconductor based FMSs, such
concentrations obtained by energy dispersive x-ray
as ZnCrTe [4], are too insulating and there is no
(EDX) spectroscopy. It is observed that the As atomic
effective method for carrier doping.
concentration is close to the sum of In and Fe atomic
In this study, we show that by introducing iron (Fe)
concentrations, revealing that most of the Fe atoms
atoms into InAs, it is possible to fabricate a new FMS
reside at the In sites. The fluctuation of Fe
with the ability to control ferromagnetism by both Fe
concentration results in superparamagnetic zinc-blende
and independent carrier doping. We demonstrate that
clusters with high Fe concentrations, as will be
(In,Fe)As doped with electrons behaves as an n-type
described later.
electron-induced FMSs, that is, finding the missing
At In sites, the Fe ions have two possible states;
counterpart of p-type FMSs.
acceptor state (Fe2+) and neutral state (Fe3+). If the Fe2+
states were dominant, (In,Fe)As layers would be p-type
2. Sample growth and structure analysis
and the hole concentration would be close to the doped
The studied (In1-x,Fex)As layers are 100 nm-thick
47
47
Fe concentration at room temperature, similar to the
material independently by Fe doping and electron
case of (In,Mn)As. In reality, however, sample B0 (and
doping.
all the other undoped samples) shows n-type with a
maximum residual electron concentration of 1.8×1018
-3
1. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements
at room temperature, which is four orders of
MCD is a technique that measures the difference
magnitude smaller than the doped Fe concentration.
between the reflectivity of right (Rσ+) and left (Rσ-)
Our analysis of the temperature dependence of the
circular polarisations:
cm
electron mobility of sample B0 shows that the neutral
MCD =
impurity scattering, rather than the ionized impurity
90 ( Rı + Rı ) 90 dR
~
ǻE ,
ʌ
2
ʌ dE
scattering, is the dominant scattering mechanism in
where R is the reflectivity, E is the photon energy, and
this undoped sample up to room temperature (Fig. 1c).
ΔE
All of these facts indicate that the Fe atoms in
material. Since the MCD spectrum of a FMS directly
3+
(In,Fe)As are in the neutral state (Fe ) rather than the
is the spin-splitting energy (Zeeman energy) of a
probes its spin-polarized band structure induced by the
2+
acceptor state (Fe ). This result is similar to that
s,p-d exchange interactions and its magnitude is
obtained in the previous work on paramagnetic
proportional to the magnetisation (ΔE~M), MCD is a
(Ga,Fe)As, in which Fe atoms were found to reside at
powerful and decisive tool to judge whether a FMS is
3+
state [5]. The residual
intrinsic or not. Figure 2 shows the MCD spectra of
electrons in sample B0 probably come from the As
sample series A (A1 - A4) and sample series B (B1 -
anti-site defects acting as donors due to the LT-MBE
B4), measured at 10 K under a magnetic field of 1
growth [6].
Tesla applied perpendicular to the film plane. With
the Ga side and in the Fe
We then tried doping (In,Fe)As layers with donors to
increasing the electron density and Fe concentration,
see the carrier-induced ferromagnetism. After trying
the MCD intensity shows strong enhancement at
several doping methods, we found that Beryllium (Be)
optical critical point energies E1 (2.61 eV), E1 + Δ1
atoms doped in (In,Fe)As at a low growth temperature
(2.88 eV), E0’ (4.39eV) and E2 (4.74 eV) of InAs,
of TS = 236°C work as good double donors, not as
which show the magnetic “fingerprints” of (In,Fe)As.
acceptors as in the case of Be-doped InAs grown at TS
For sample B4, (In0.92,Fe0.08)As with n = 2.8×1019, the
> 400°C. For these electron doped (In,Fe)As layers, we
MCD peak at E1 already reaches 100 mdeg at 10 K,
investigate their ferromagnetism by using magnetic
which is two orders of magnitude larger than the MCD
circular dichroism (MCD), superconducting quantum
caused by the Zeeman splitting of InAs (~1
interference device (SQUID), and anomalous Hall
mdeg/Tesla) [8]. For a reference, we show in Fig. 2i
effect (AHE) measurements. Despite the general belief
the MCD spectrum of a 44 nm-thick Fe thin film
that the tetrahedral Fe-As bonding is antiferromagnetic
grown on a GaAs substrate at 30°C. The MCD signals
[7], all of our data show striking evolution of
of Fe in the 1.5 – 3.0 eV range are, although quite large,
ferromagnetism in (In,Fe)As with increasing both the
always negative and very broad. Furthermore, there is
Fe concentration (x = 5 - 8%) and electron
a very large negative broad peak (-460 mdeg) at
18
-3
19
-3
cm ),
around 5.0 eV. In contrast, the MCD signals of
indicating that (In,Fe)As is an intrinsic n-type FMS,
(In,Fe)As at 5.0 eV are nearly zero, and there is no
and that we can control the ferromagnetism of this
broad-spectrum offset background that is the signature
concentration (n = 1.8×10
cm
to 2.7×10
48
48
of metallic Fe. Furthermore, in (In,Fe)As, the MCD
References
peaks at E1 + Δ1 (2.88 eV) and E0’ (4.39 eV) are
[1] H. Ohno et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2664 (1992).
positive, which are consistent with those of (In,Mn)As.
[2] H. Ohno et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 363 (1996).
All of the above features clearly indicate that the MCD
[3] T. Hayashi et al., J. Cryst. Growth 175–176, 1063
spectra of our (In,Fe)As samples are different from that
(1997).
of Fe, thus eliminating the possibility of metallic Fe
[4] Saito et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 207202 (2003).
particles.
[5] S. Haneda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L9 (2000).
These
results indicate
that
(In,Fe)As
maintains its zinc-blende structure, and that its
[6] M. Takushima et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 5, 2781
spin-split band structure is governed by the s,p-d
(2008).
exchange interaction between the electron sea and the
[7] Haneda, S. Binary Alloy Phase diagrams (ASM
Fe magnetic moments. Samples A4, B3 and B4, whose
International, Ohio) Massalski, T. B. ed., 279 (1990).
19
electron concentrations are about 10
-3
cm , are
[8] K. Ando and M. Munekata, J. Magn. Magn. Mat.
ferromagnetic, while other samples with lower electron
272-276, 2004 (2004).
concentrations are paramagnetic. The facts that the
Table I. List of (In1-x,Fex)As samples.
All samples were grown at 236°C. x is Fe
concentration, and n is electron concentration.
ferromagnetic properties of (In,Fe)As depend on the
electron concentration n, and that (In,Fe)As can be
ferromagnetic only at n > ~ 1019 cm-3 while
paramagnetic at n < 1019 cm-3, also eliminate the
Sample x (%)
possibility of embedded metallic Fe and intermetallic
n (cm-3)
Non-magnetic
dopants
Fe-As compound particles.
A1
5.0
1.8×1018
Be
A2
5.0
2.9×1018
Be
A3
5.0
6.2×1018
Be
A4
5.0
1.8×1019
Be
B0
9.1
1. 6×1018
None
B1
8.0
1.3×1018
Be
B2
8.0
1.5×1018
Be
B3
8.0
9.4×1018
Be
B4
8.0
2.8×1019
Be
2. Conclusions
In
conclusion,
we
have
grown
new
n-type
electron-induced FMS, (In,Fe)As. MCD, SQUID, and
magnetotransport data show clear evolution of
ferromagnetism in (In,Fe)As when increasing the
electron density by chemical doping with a fixed Fe
concentration. Development of such n-type Fe-based
FMS will open the way to fabricate all-FMS spintronic
devices, as well as help understanding the physics of
carrier-induced ferromagnetisms in FMS.
Acknowledgments
This work was partly done at the Cryogenic center,
the University of Tokyo.
49
49
Figure 1. a, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Figure 2. Magnetic circular dichroism spectra (MCD) of
image of sample B0, taken from the GaAs[110] a-d, (In0.95,Fe0.05)As samples (A1 - A4 in table I) with
direction. b, In, Fe and As atomic concentrations electron concentrations of 1.8×1018, 2.9×1018, 6.2×1018,
obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 1.8×1019 cm-3, respectively, measured at 10 K and under a
(EDX) taken at 6 points marked by * in the above magnetic field of 1 Tesla applied perpendicular to the film
TEM image. It is observed that the As atomic plane, and e-h, (In0.92,Fe0.08)As samples (B1 - B4 in table
concentration (~50%) is close to the sum of the In and I) with electron concentrations of 1.3×1018, 1.5×1018,
Fe atomic concentrations, revealing that Fe mostly 9.4×1018, 2.8×1019 cm-3, respectively. With increasing the
reside at the In site. c, Temperature dependence of the electron and Fe concentrations, the MCD spectra show
mobility of sample B0, which indicates the neutral strong enhancement at optical critical point energies E1
state of Fe impurities on In sites. Dashed line is the (2.61 eV), E1 + Δ1 (2.88 eV), E0’ (4.39 eV) and E2 (4.74
fitting μ ~ Tγ. d, High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) eV) of InAs. i, MCD spectrum of a 44 nm-thick Fe thin
lattice-image taken at an (In0.92,Fe0.08)As area close to film grown on a GaAs substrate at 30°C. The spectrum is
the substrate (marked by the rectangular in Fig. 1a). clearly different from those of (In,Fe)As.
The (In,Fe)As lattice shows zinc-blende crystal
structure only.
50
50
ŏ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼䊶㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹㩷 ᨴ⼱䊶㑐⼱⎇ⓥቶ
䊐䊧䉨䉲䊑䊦᦭ᯏ䊃䊤䊮䉳䉴䉺䈱વዉ䈫ᔕ↪
ߪߓ߼ߦ
ᣂߒ޿ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߩầᵹߣߒߡᣣ‫⊒ޘ‬ዷࠍ
࠮ࡦࠬ㧔EL㧕⚛ሶ߳ߩᔕ↪߽ታ↪ൻߐࠇࠆߦ⥋ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⛯ߌࠆಽሶᕈ㔚ሶ᧚ᢱߩ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ‛ᕈ
᦭ᯏᄥ㓁㔚ᳰߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪല₸ 8%
ߣᔕ↪ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏ᧚ᢱࠍ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߣߔࠆ
ߦ㆐ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦⶄᢙߩડᬺߢࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߩ㗏Ꮣ
᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ․⇣ߥવዉߣࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ࠛ
߇ᆎ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ታ↪ൻߦะߌߡ‫ޔ‬㜞ല₸
࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ㐿⊒ߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ൻߪ߽ߜࠈࠎߩߎߣ‫ޔ‬ା㗬ᕈ‫ޔ‬቟ቯᕈะ਄ࠍ߼ߑ
ߒ‫᧚ޔ‬ᢱ߆ࠄࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߹ߢ᏷ᐢ޿⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߇ㅴ߼
⎇ⓥ⢛᥊
ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫᦭ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᯏඨዉ૕᧚ᢱߩᔕ↪น⢻
࿕૕ਛߩ㔚ሶࠍ⢻േ⊛ߦ೙ᓮߔࠆࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢ
ᕈߪᏂᄢߢ޽ࠅ‫ ߩߘޔ‬㠦߇␜ߐࠇߚߦㆊ߉ߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕᧚ᢱߩᵴ↪ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬20 ਎♿ߦᄢ߈ߊ
ታ㓙ߦ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏඨዉ૕ࠍ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ጀߦ↪޿ߚ⭯⤑࠻
⊒ዷߒ‫ੱޔ‬㘃ߩ↢ᵴ߿␠ળߦਇนᰳߥၮ⋚ᛛⴚߣ
࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲㧔TFT㧕ߩ⊓႐ߣ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߦ઻޿‫᦭ޔ‬
ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬21 ਎♿ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿ⅣႺߣߩ⺞๺߿ߘߎ
ᯏ‛߇ᧄ᧪ᜬߟᨵࠄ߆ߐࠍ↢߆ߒߚᣂߚߥᔕ↪ಽ
ߢ᥵ࠄߔੱ㘃ߣߩⷫ๺ᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠄߐޔ‬
㊁߳ߩᦼᓙ߽㜞߹ࠅࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߦᄙ᭽ߥ⊒ዷ߇ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Ṷ▚ㅦᐲ߿⸥ᙘኈ㊂ࠍะ਄ߒߡᯏ᪾
᦭ᯏ᧚ᢱߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ᔕ↪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬න৻ಽ
ߩᕈ⢻ࠍ਄ߍࠆߛߌߢߥߊ‫ߡߒߦ߆޿ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪߿
ሶࠍ૶ߞߡ⿥㜞ኒᐲࡔࡕ࡝ߥߤߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ
ሶଏࠍ฽߻࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߦߣߞߡᯏ᪾ࠍ૶޿ᤃߊߔࠆ
޿ࠊࠁࠆಽሶࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ߇ᵴ⊒ߦ⎇ⓥߐࠇ
߆߇㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬නߥࠆᕈ⢻ߩะ਄
ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽሶᕈ᧚ᢱࠍ૶ߞߚ⭯⤑
߿ࠦࠬ࠻ߩ೥ᷫߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬CO2 ឃ಴㊂೥ᷫࠍห
࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲߇⊓႐ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㜞㓸Ⓧൻ߿㜞ㅦൻߣ
ᤨߦ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⸒ߞߚࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ߇ᓧᗧߥᕈ⢻ᜰᮡߢߪߥߊ‫࡝ࠪޔ‬
ࠦࡦߣߪ⋧⵬⊛ߥ․ᓽࠍᵴ߆ߘ߁ߣߔࠆേะ߇ਥ
ߎߩߚ߼‫ߩߤߥࡦࠦ࡝ࠪޔ‬ήᯏඨዉ૕᧚ᢱߦട߃
ᵹߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߡ‫․ߥ⊛⵬⋧ߣࠇߘޔ‬ᓽࠍ߽ߟᣂߒ޿㔚ሶᕈᯏ⢻
᧚ᢱߩ㐿ᜏࠍㅴ߼ࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐᕈࠍჇߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
․ߦ‫ޔ‬὇⚛ࠍਛᔃߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ᦭ᯏಽሶ᧚ᢱߥࠄ
߮ߦࠣ࡜ࡈࠚࡦ߿ࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߥߤߩ࠽
ࡁࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ᧚ᢱߪ‫⼾ޔ‬ንߥర⚛ࠍᵴ↪ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ
߿‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ⽶⩄ߩዊߐߥශ೚ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢടᎿߢ߈ࠆ
ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥᦼᓙ߇ነߖࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡁࠢ࠹ࡁ࠽ޕ‬
ࡠࠫ࡯㑐ㅪಽ㊁ߩ㓸ਛ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒߽ᓟ᛼ߒߒߡ‫ޔ‬
᦭ᯏࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߪ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ㘧べ⊛ߦ⊒ዷߒߡ
޿ࠆ‫᦭ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᯏඨዉ૕ߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ౮⌀↪ᗵశ૕
㧔OPC㧕߳ߩᔕ↪ߦട߃‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࡞ࡒࡀ
࿑ 1. ᦭ᯏඨዉ૕ߩ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ᭴ㅧ
51
51
࿑ 2. (a) ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩવዉ․ᕈ‫(ޕ‬b)ࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲ࡦࠬᚑಽ G/ωߩ๟ᵄᢙଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬
ߢߪ‫․ߥ⊛⵬⋧ߪߣࡦࠦ࡝ࠪޔ‬ᓽߣߪ‫৻ޔ‬૕૗ߢ
᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ․⇣ߥવዉ⃻⽎
޽ࠈ߁߆㧫᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ
ࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆ㧔᦭ᯏඨዉ૕એᄖߩಽሶᕈ㔚
᦭ᯏ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߪශ೚ᛛⴚࠍᔕ↪ߒߡኈᤃ
ሶ᧚ᢱߦ߽߶ߣࠎߤ౒ㅢߔࠆ㧕‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬Ԙࡊ࡜
ߦᄢ㕙Ⓧൻߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ᨵエߢિ
ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢၮ᧚਄ߦૐ᷷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ⵾ㅧߢ߈ࠆߚ
ᒛᕈߦን߻ߣ޿߁․ᓽࠍ᦭ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᎿቇᔕ↪߇
߼‫ޔ‬シ㊂ᕈ࡮ᦛߍ߿ߔߐ‫ޔ‬⠴ⴣ᠄ᕈ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㕙Ⓧᕈ㧔ᄢ
ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ⓥߢߪࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼૕
㕙Ⓧၮ᧚߳ߩ⵾ㅧߩኈᤃߐ㧕ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙශ೚ࡊ
⇇㕙࠻࡜࠶ࡊߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦࡍࡦ࠲࠮
ࡠ࠮ࠬߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ૐⅣႺ⽶⩄ߢ߆ߟ㜞ࠬ࡞࡯ࡊ࠶
ࡦ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩࠕ࠼ࡒ࠶࠲ࡦ᷹ࠬቯࠍ
࠻ߦ⵾ㅧߢ߈ࠆ‫․ߩߎޕ‬ᓽࠍᵴ߆ߒߚᣂߒ޿ᛛⴚ
ⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㗔ၞߪ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬Ԙࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢ
࿑ 1 ߦታ㛎ߦ↪޿ߚ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ᭴
ࠬ‫ޔ‬ԙࡊ࡝ࡦ࠹࠶࠼ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߣ๭߫ࠇ‫ޔ‬
ㅧࠍ␜ߔ‫㉄ޕ‬ൻࠕ࡞ࡒ࠾࠙ࡓ(⤑ෘ 5 nm)ߣ
ᣂߚߥᔕ↪ಽ㊁ߩ⊒ዷ߳ߩᦼᓙ߽㜞߹ࠅࠍ⷗ߖߡ
n-tetradecylphosphonic acid ߩන৻ಽሶ⤑(⤑ෘ 2.1
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
nm)ߩੑ㊀⤑ࠍࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼ጀߣߒߡ↪޿ߚ[1]‫ࡍޕ‬
ࡦ࠲࠮ࡦ⭯⤑(⤑ෘ 50 nm‫ޔ‬㕙Ⓧ 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm)
ߢߪ‫․ߥ⊛⵬⋧ߣࡦࠦ࡝ࠪޔ‬ᓽࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߣ‫ߤޔ‬
ߣߘߩ਄ߩ࠰࡯ࠬ࡮࠼࡟ࠗࡦ㔚ᭂߪࠪࡖ࠼࡯ࡑࠬ
ߩࠃ߁ߥࠕࡊ࡝ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆㧫᦭
ࠢࠍ↪޿ߡ⌀ⓨ⫳⌕ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ଻⼔⤑ߣߒߡࡄ
ᯏ‛ߩᨵࠄ߆ߐࠍᵴ߆ߒߡ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᯏ᪾ࠍੱ
࡝࡟ࡦߢࠦ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߦߣߞߡ૶޿ᤃߊ಴᧪ࠆߩ߆㧫ಽሶᕈ㔚ሶ᧚ᢱࠍ
߹ߕᆎ߼ߦߎߩ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ✢ᒻ㗔ၞ(Vsd = -0.2
૶ߞߡ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬࿾⃿ⅣႺߣ⺞๺ߔࠆࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻
V)ߦ߅ߌࠆવዉ․ᕈࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ(࿑ 2a)‫ࡦࠗ࡟࠼ޕ‬
ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߩ߆㧫੹‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬໧޿ߦ⸃
㔚ᵹ-Id ߪࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ Vg ߇-1.2V ઃㄭ߆ࠄᜰᢙ㑐ᢙ
ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߚ߼ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേ߇਎⇇ਛߢ┹੎ߣߥߞߡ
⊛ߦჇᄢߒ‫ޔ‬-2.0 V એਅߢߪࠥ࡯࠻㔚࿶ߦኻߒߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߶߷✢ᒻߦჇടߔࠆߣ޿߁ౖဳ⊛ߥ FET ․ᕈࠍ␜
ߔߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ࡦࠬࡉ࡝࠶ࠫ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣ‫⊒ޘ‬ዷࠍ⛯ߌࠆಽሶᕈ㔚ሶ᧚ᢱߩ
ࠍ↪޿ߡ࠰࡯ࠬ࡮ࠥ࡯࠻㑆ߩࠕ࠼ࡒ࠶࠲ࡦ᷹ࠬቯ
⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ‛ᕈߣߘߩᔕ↪ߦὶὐࠍ޽ߡ
ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2b ߪ๟ᵄᢙߢⷙᩰൻߒߚࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲
ૐ᷷‛ᕈ߆ࠄක≮ᔕ↪߹ߢ᏷ᐢߊ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬
ࡦࠬᚑಽ G/ωࠍ๟ᵄᢙߩ㑐ᢙߣߒࡊࡠ࠶࠻ߒߚࠣ
52
52
࡜ࡈߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߦ⥸৻ޕ‬Si MOS ࠠࡖࡄࠪ࠲ߩࠕ࠼ࡒ
ࠅᦛߍඨᓘߩ㒢⇇ߪ 1 mm એਅߦ߽㆐ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ
࠶࠲ࡦ᷹ࠬቯ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬G/ωߩࡇ࡯ࠢ୯ߪ Si/SiO2 ⇇㕙
ᦛߍᱡߺߦኻߒߡ‫․࠲ࠬࠫࡦ࡜࠻ޔ‬ᕈߩഠൻ߇⷗
ߩ࠻࡜࠶ࡊḰ૏ߩ⁁ᘒኒᐲߦᲧ଀ߒ‫ࠢ࡯ࡇߚ߹ޔ‬
ࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ࠅ➅ޕ‬㄰ߒߩ᛬ࠅᦛߍ⹜
૏⟎ߪࠠࡖ࡝ࠕỚᐲߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿
㛎ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬100,000 ࿁એ਄ߢ߽േ૞ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕
ࠆ[2]‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬ห᭽ߦ࿑ 2b ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ G/ωߩࡇ࡯ࠢ
⹺ߒߚ[5]‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬᛬ࠅᦛߍߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ‫߾ߒߊޔ‬
ߪࡍࡦ࠲࠮ࡦ/න৻ಽሶ⤑⇇㕙ߩ࠻࡜࠶ࡊḰ૏ߦ
ߊߒ߾ߦਣ߼ߡ߽‫ޔ‬᛬ࠅߚߚࠎߢ߽‫߽ߡߒߣ⪭ޔ‬
㑐ㅪߔࠆߣផኤߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬વዉ․ᕈ߿ G/ωߩ᷷ᐲଐ
〯ߺߟߌߡ߽ኈᤃߦߪუࠇߥ޿ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ߅
ሽᕈߥߤࠍ੹ᓟㅴ߼ߡ޿ߊ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ࠅ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߩᣂߚߥน⢻ᕈࠍᗵߓ
ߐߖߡߊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩᨵࠄ߆ߐߣߘߩ
ᔕ↪
2010 ᐕߦߪ‫ߦ߾ߒߊ߾ߒߊޔ‬ਣ߼ߡ߽㔚᳇⊛․ᕈ
᦭ᯏ‛ߪᧄ⾰⊛ߦᨵࠄ߆޿⚛᧚ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ఝࠇߚᦛ
߇ᄌൻߒߥ޿ᭂ⭯ࠪ࡯࠻⁁ߩ 2 V 㚟േ᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦ
ߍ․ᕈ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬2003 ᐕ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫࠹ࠬ࡜ࡊޔߪޘ‬
ࠫࠬ࠲߿᦭ᯏ CMOS 㓸Ⓧ࿁〝ߩ૞⵾ߦᚑഞߒߚ
ࠖ࠶ࠢၮ᧚਄ߦࡐ࡝ࠗࡒ࠼ࠥ㧙࠻⛘✼⤑‫ޔ‬ૐಽሶ
[6]㧔࿑ 3㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ᭂ⭯ࠪ࡯࠻⁁ߩ㓸Ⓧ࿁〝ߪ‫ޔ‬ቶ᷷
♽᦭ᯏඨዉ૕ࡍࡦ࠲࠮ࡦࠍ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ጀߦ↪޿ࠆߎ
ߢ⵾⤑ߢ߈ࠆ⥄Ꮖ⚵❱ൻනಽሶ⤑ࠍࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼⤑
ߣߢ㜞ᕈ⢻ߥ᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ૞⵾ߦᚑഞߒߚ
㧔SAM ⤑㧕ߣߒߡ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢታ⃻ߐࠇߚ㧔SAM
[3]‫᦭࡞ࡉࠪࠠ࡟ࡈߩߎޕ‬ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ࠍ᛬ࠅᦛ
⤑ߦߟ޿ߡߪᓟߩ┨ߢ⹦ㅀߔࠆ㧕‫ౕࠅࠃޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬
ߍࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍࠬ࠲࡯
12 μm ߩᭂ߼ߡ⭯޿ࡊ࡜ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࡈࠖ࡞ࡓߩ⴫
࠻ߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ࠍߊߦ߾ߊ
㕙ࠍේሶ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢᐔṖൻߔࠆ⁛⥄ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ↪
ߦ߾ᦛߍࠆߎߣߢ‫ߍᦛޔ‬ᱡߺ߇㔚᳇વዉ․ᕈߦ߽
޿ߡ‫ޔ‬2 V 㚟േߥ߇ࠄ㜞޿⒖േᐲࠍ᦭ߔࠆ᦭ᯏ࠻
ߚࠄߔലᨐࠍ♽⛔⊛ߦ⺞ߴߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬᛬ࠅᦛߍᣇ
࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ૞⵾ࠍታ⃻ߒߚ‫᦭ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᯏඨዉ૕
ะߦࠃࠅ 1%⒟ᐲߩᱡߺ㊂ߢ⒖േᐲࠍ 10%એ਄Ⴧ
ߦ࠳ࡔ࡯ࠫࠍਈ߃ߥ޿᦭ᯏ㜞ಽሶࠍ૶ߞߚᱡߺਛ
ടߐߖߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᷫዋߐߖߚࠅߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ
㑆᭴ㅧࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫₸ᦛޔ‬ඨᓘ 0.1 mm ߹
[4]‫ޕ‬ᱡߺߩශടߦ઻߁࠴ࡖࡀ࡞㔚ᵹߩᄌൻߪ‫ޔ‬㔚
ߢ᛬ࠅᦛߍߡ߽․ᕈߦᄌൻߥߊേ૞ߔࠆ㓸Ⓧ࿁〝
ᵹᣇะߣᱡߺᣇะߩ㑐ଥߦߪଐࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᄙ⚿᥏᦭ᯏ
ࠍ૞⵾ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᛛⴚࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬
ඨዉ૕ߩ․⇣ߥવዉ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ߐޕ‬
⋥ᓘ 1 mm ߩක≮↪ࠞ࠹࡯࠹࡞ߩ⴫㕙ߦ࠻࡜ࡦࠫ
ࠄߦ‫ޔ‬2005 ᐕߦߪ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߦ߆߆ࠆᱡ
ࠬ࠲ࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉࡑ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬߣᗵ࿶ዉ㔚ࠧࡓࠍࠄ
ࠍ✭๺ߐߖࠆ̌ᱡਛ㑆̍᭴ㅧࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬᛬
ߖࠎ⁁ߦᏎ߈ߟߌߡ㓸Ⓧൻߔࠆߎߣߢ‫▤ⴊޔ‬ౝߢ
࿑ 3. ⭯⤑ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ਄ߦ૞⵾ߒߚ࠙࡞࠻࡜ࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞᦭ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߣ CMOS ࿁〝
53
53
ᣢㅀߩㅢࠅ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏඨዉ૕ߪૐ᷷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ㜞ຠ⾰
⭯⤑ࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ࠖࡈࠢ࠶ࠖ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡊޔ‬
࡞ࡓ਄ߦ㜞ᕈ⢻᦭ᯏ CMOS ࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐ
ࠇߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ήᯏඨዉ૕ࠍ↪޿ߡࡊ࡜ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ
ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ਄ߦ CMOS ࿁〝ࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ᦭ᯏ
CMOS ߣߪ⁁ᴫ߇⇣ߥࠆ‫ࡉ࡯ࡘ࠴ࡁ࠽ࡦࡏ࡯ࠞޕ‬
ඨዉ૕ߪ p ဳ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞ᕈ⢻ n ဳ࠴ࡖࡀ
࡞ߩࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉඨዉ૕ߩ૞⵾ߪᭂ߼ߡ
࿎㔍ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭ‫ޔ‬ർ੩ᄢߩ Y. Zhou ࠄ߇‫ޔ‬
n ဳ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߩࠞ࡯ࡏࡦ࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ
࠲ࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ[9]߇‫ࡓ࡞ࠖࡈࠢ࠶ࠖ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡊޔ‬
਄ߢߩ૞⵾ߪႎ๔଀߇ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ඨ
ዉ૕߿ࠕࡕ࡞ࡈࠔࠬࠪ࡝ࠦࡦߪ n ဳ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߢ޽
ࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞ᕈ⢻ p ဳ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞ߩ㐿⊒߇⃻࿷⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊ
࿑ 4. ࠄߖࠎ᭴ㅧߩ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉࡑ࠻
ࠇ‫ޔ‬㜞ᕈ⢻ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⹜ߺ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ 200
࡝࠶ࠢࠬ‫(ޕ‬a)࿁〝ᮨᑼ࿑‫(ޔ‬b)ࠞ࠹࡯࠹࡞⴫㕙ߦ࿶
ᐲએ਄ߩࡊࡠ࠮᷷ࠬᐲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬
ജ࠮ࡦࠨࠍ㓸Ⓧൻߒߚ⚦ᓘဳࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߩ
ࡊ࡜ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ਄ߦታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣߩ㔍ߒ
౮⌀ߣ᭴ㅧᮨᑼ࿑‫ޕ‬
ߐ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[10]‫ޕ‬
࿶ജಽᏓࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ̌⴫㕙ࠍ㔚ሶ࿁
〝ൻߒߚࠞ࠹࡯࠹࡞̍ߩᔕ↪଀ࠍ␜ߒߚ[6]㧔࿑ 4㧕‫ޕ‬
[1] H. Klauk, et.al., Nature 445, 745 (2007).
ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ߿࠽ࡁ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡉߥߤ‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ඨዉ૕ࠍ࠴
[2] E. H. Nicollian and A. Goetzberger, Appl. Phys.
ࡖࡀ࡞ጀߦ↪޿ߚ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲߇ߘࠇߙࠇ․ᓽࠍ
Lett. 7, 216 (1965).
ᵴ߆ߒߚ૶޿ᣇࠍߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ᕈ⢻߿ᯏ
[3] Y. Kato et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 3789 (2004).
᪾ᕈ⢻ߦ߅޿ߡ৻᭎ߦఝഠࠍߟߌࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ
[4] T. Sekitani et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 073511
޿‫᦭ޕ‬ᯏ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߩ․ᓽߪ‫᧚ޔ‬ᢱߩᄙ⒳ᄙ᭽
(2005).
ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߦઁߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬㜞ᕈ⢻ߥ p ဳ
[5] T. Sekitani et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 173502
᦭ᯏඨዉ૕ߣ n ဳ᦭ᯏඨዉ૕ࠍૐ᷷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ⵾
(2005).
⤑ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ࠢ࠶ࠖ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡊޔ‬
[6] T. Sekitani, et al. Nature Materials, 9, 1015 (2010).
ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ਄ߦኈᤃߦ㜞ᕈ⢻ Complementary
[7] K. Ishida, et al., IEEE Journal of Solid State
㧔CMOS㧕࿁〝ࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߚ߼‫⚿ޔ‬
Circuits, 45, 249 (2010).
ᨐߣߒߡૐᶖ⾌㔚ജߢࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߥᄢⷙᮨ㜞ᐲ
[8] K. Ishida, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 46,
㓸Ⓧ࿁〝ࠍ᭴ᚑߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ⒁߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙
285 (2011).
ߦ‫᦭ޔ‬ᯏ CMOS ࿁〝ࠍ↪޿ߚᄢⷙᮨߥ࠺ࠦ࡯࠳‫ޔ‬
[9] Y. Zhou, et al., Nano Letter, 4, 2031 (2004).
࠮࡟ࠢ࠲‫⺰ޔ‬ℂ࿁〝ࠕ࡟ࠗ߇⹜૞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ[7, 8]‫ޕ‬
[10] L. Han et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, 162105
(2009).
54
54
䃂 Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼䊶䊋䉟䉥䉣䊮䉳䊆䉝䊥䊮䉫ኾ᡹㩷 ↰⇌⎇ⓥቶ
ᯏ⢻ᕈ㉄ൻ‛᧚ᢱ䉕↪䈇䈢䊋䉟䉥䉶䊮䉲䊮䉫䊂䊋䉟䉴
⢛᥊ߣ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛㧦
ࠬ(TMV)ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ߽ߩ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁
Ga2O3 ߪ 4.8eV ߩࡢࠗ࠼ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊඨዉ૕ߣߒߡ
ߪࡃࠗࠝࡒࡀ࡜࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ⴕ޿߿ߔ޿ࠃ߁ߦ
⍮ࠄࠇ‫ޔ࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ࠬࠟޔ‬ㅘ᣿ዉ㔚૕‫࡟ࠛ࠻ࡊࠝޔ‬
ㆮવሶࠍᡷᄌߐࠇߚ࠻ࡑ࠻ࡕࠩࠗࠢ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬౝㇱ
ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ࠺ࡃࠗࠬ߳ߩᔕ↪߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆઍ⴫
ߦ Co/Pt ࠍၸⓍߐߖߡ૞⵾ߒߚ⏛ᕈ૕࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗ
⊛ߥㅘ᣿㉄ൻ‛᧚ᢱߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᾲ⫳⌕
ߩ㔚᳇․ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⹦⚦ࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫ޕ‬
ᚑ㐳‫ޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡉࠕ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬CVD ᴺߥߤ᭽‫ޘ‬
ߥᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗ⁁ߩᚑ㐳߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ
ታ㛎㧦
߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬Ყ⴫㕙Ⓧߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯
Ga2O3 ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߪࡄ࡞ࠬ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ၸⓍᴺ㧔PLD
ߩ㜞ᗵᐲൻߦะߌߚ⎇ⓥ߇♖ജ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿
ᴺ㧕ߦࠃࠅ૞⵾ߒߚ‫ޔߕ߹ޕ‬ǩ-Al2O3(0001)ၮ᧼
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽ PLD ᴺߦࠃࠆ㕖ᐔⴧ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗᚑ㐳ࡊ
਄ߦ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗᒻᚑߩ⸅ᇦጀߣߥࠆ Au ࠍ⚂ 1nm
ࡠ࠮ࠬߪ⏛ᕈਇ⚐‛ర⚛߿ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࠼࡯ࡇࡦࠣߦ
ߩෘߐߢࠬࡄ࠶࠲࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃࠅ⫳⌕ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬਄
ࠃࠅᄙᯏ⢻ࠍઃടߐߖࠆߎߣߦㆡߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߎޔ‬
ߦၮ᧼᷷ᐲ 700-850°C‫⚛㉄ޔ‬࿶ 0.1 Pa ߩ᧦ઙਅߢ
ࠇ߹ߢ PLD ᴺߦࠃࠆ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߩᚑ㐳ߩႎ๔߶ߣ
࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠕࡉ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬Ga2O3 ࠽ࡁࡢࠗ
ࠎߤߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ᗵᐲ࡮ᄙᯏ⢻
ࡗࠍ VLS(Vapor-Liquid-Solid)ᚑ㐳ߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬૞⵾ߒ
ߥࡃࠗࠝ࠮ࡦࠪࡦࠣ࠺ࡃࠗࠬߣߒߡᔕ↪ߔࠆߎߣ
ߚ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߪ SEM ෸߮ TEM ߦࠃࠅⷰኤߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ‫ޔ‬PLD ᴺߦࠃࠅ Ga2O3 ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗࠍ૞
߹ߚ CL ߦࠃࠆ⊒శ․ᕈࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬Co-Pt ࠽ࡁ
ᚑߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᒻ⁁‫⚿ޔ‬᥏᭴ㅧ‫⊒ޔ‬శ․ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ࡢࠗࡗߪਅ⸥ߩᚻ㗅ߢ૞⵾ߒߚ‫ޕ‬NaCl ṁᶧਛߩ
߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠯࡝࡜ࡀࡒࠝࠗࡃߦࠄߐߪޘ‬ᴺ
ToMV ߦ(NH4)2Co(SO4)2 ෸߮ K2PtCl4 ṁᶧࠍṢਅ
ࠍ↪޿ߡ૞⵾ߒߚ CoPt ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߩ᭴ㅧ࡮㔚᳇․
ߒ‫⿥ޔ‬㖸ᵄಣℂࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ㆶర೷ߣߒߡ NaBH4 ࠍ
ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ടᎿᛛⴚߩᓸ⚦ൻ࠻࡟ࡦ࠼
ട߃‫ޔ‬ౣ߮⿥㖸ᵄಣℂࠍⴕ߁‫ߩߎޕ‬ಣℂࠍ 3 ࠨࠗ
߇㒢⇇ࠍㄫ߃ߟߟ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩ࠻࠶ࡊ࠳࠙ࡦဳߩ
ࠢ࡞➅ࠅ㄰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬૞⵾ߒߚ Co-Pt ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߪ⿛
ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦട߃ߡࡏ࠻ࡓࠕ࠶ࡊဳߩࡊࡠ࠮߽ࠬ⚵
ᩏ ဳ 㔚 ሶ 㗼 ᓸ ㏜ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ 2 ᰴ 㔚 ሶ ௝ 㧔 SEI 㧦
ߺวࠊߖߡ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫࠻ࡏޔ‬
Secondary Electron Image 㧕 ෸ ߮ ෻ ኿ 㔚 ሶ ௝
ࡓࠕ࠶ࡊࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ৻ߟߒߡឭ໒ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߇
㧔BEI㧦Backscattered Electron Image㧕ߢⷰኤ
ࡃࠗࠝࡒࡀ࡜࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ೑↪ߒߚᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߒߚ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޕ‬ಽᢔဳ X ✢ಽశ㧔EDX㧦Energy
ࡃࠗࠝࡒࡀ࡜࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣߪ↢૕߇ήᯏ‛⾰ࠍ
Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy㧕ߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
૞ࠆ௛߈ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࠧࡦࠨ߿⃨⌀ޔ‬㛽ᩰߥߤ
ZAF ᴺߦࠃࠅ◲ᤃ⊛ߦ Co-Pt ߩ⚵ᚑࠍ▚಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⥄ὼ⇇ߦᐢߊ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬௛߈ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ‫޽ޔ‬
ࠄ߆ߓ߼⸳⸘ߒߚ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰ࠍ࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࡯࠻ߦߒ
⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ㧦 ࿑ 1 ߩ SEM ௝ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ၮ᧼
ߡ⴫㕙ߦήᯏ‛⾰ࠍၸⓍߐߖࠆߎߣߢ࠽ࡁࠝ࡯࠳
᷷ᐲ 700-850°C ߩోߡߩ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ဋ৻ߥ
࡯ߩㇱຠࠍ૞⵾ߔࠆ੐߇಴᧪ࠆ‫࡝࡜ࡀࡒࠝࠗࡃޕ‬
Ga2O3 ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߩᚑ㐳߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿑㧞ߩ
࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↪޿ߡㇱຠࠍ૞⵾ߒߚ଀ߣߒߡߪࡈ
TEM ௝ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬6-27nm ᓘಽᏓ߇⷗ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᩰሶ
ࠚ࡝࠴ࡦࠍ೑↪ߒߚ߽ߩ߿࠲ࡃࠦࡕࠩࠗࠢ࠙ࠗ࡞
㑆㓒ߪ⚂ 5.62 ǖ ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ߪࠇߎޕ‬ȕ-Ga2O3 (001)ߩ
㕙㑆㓒 5.65 ǖ (JCPDS41-1103)ߦ߶߷৻⥌ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬
55
55
(a) 700ºC
(b) 750ºC
1ȝm
1ȝm
100nm
(c) 800ºC
CL relative intensity
3.5
100nm
(d) 850ºC
1ȝm
1ȝm
100nm
3
700°C as depo
2.5
750°C as depo
2
800°C as depo
1.5
850°C as depo
1
100nm
850°C annealed
0.5
Fig. 1. FESEM images of Ga2O3 nanowires grown on 1 nm
0
thick gold catalyst at the growth temperature of (a) 700, (b)
750, (c) 800 and (d) 850 {C, respectively.
Gaussian fitting
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wave length [nm]
Fig.3. CL spectra measured for Ga2O3 nanowires grown at
ᓧࠄࠇߚ Ga2O3 ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߪ ȕ-Ga2O3 ⋧ߢ޽ࠆߣ
700-850 °C as deposition and at 850 °C after annealing.
⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬૞ᚑߒߚ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߩ CL ࠬࡍࠢ࠻
࡞ࠍ࿑㧟ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬850°C ߢᚑ㐳ߒߚ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߦ
ߒ‫ޔ‬㔚ᵹࠬࠗ࠶࠴ߣߥࠆ࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ⏛᳇ᛶ᛫
߅޿ߡ 359, 411, 512 ,696 nm ߦࡇ࡯ࠢࠍᜬߟ⊒శ
(MR)ലᨐ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㔚᳇․ᕈ᷹ቯߩߚ
߇⷗ࠄࠇ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ㆊ෰ߦႎ๔ߩ޽ࠆ UV‫ޔ‬Blue‫ޔ‬
߼ߦ࠽ࡁࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ㔚ᭂࠍ↪޿ߚ⹜ᢱ᭴ㅧࠍ෼᧤ࠗ
Green‫ޔ‬Red ߩ⊒శߦኻᔕߔࠆ‫ߩࡗࠗࡢࡁ࠽ޕ‬ᚑ㐳
ࠝࡦࡆ࡯ࡓ(FIB)ߦࠃߞߡ૞⵾ߒ‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬㔚᳇․
᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ߣ౒ߦ Blue‫ޔ‬Green‫ޔ‬Red ⊒శߩ⋧ኻᒝ
ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬㔚ᵹ․ᕈ߇࠽ࡁࠣ࡜࠾ࡘ࡜࡯
ᐲ߇ᷫዋߒ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᄢ᳇ࠕ࠾࡯࡞ಣℂߦࠃࠅห᭽
ࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓧࠄ
ߩലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐ‫⊒ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬శߪ
ࠇߚ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗߪࡢࠗࡗ࡯ߩᚑ㐳ᣇะߦု⋥ߥᣇ
㉄⚛ᰳ㒱ߦ⿠࿃ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ะߦ⏛ൻߒ߿ߔ޿ߎߣ߽⷗಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
߹ߚ‫ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠯࡝࡜ࡀࡒࠝࠗࡃޔ‬ᴺߦࠃࠅ૞⵾
ߒߚ CoPt ࡢࠗࡗ࡯᧚ᢱߪ☸ᓘ 3nm ⒟ᐲߩࠣ࡜࠾
੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴㧦
ࡘ࡜࡯߇᭴ᚑන૏ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
㜞ᗵᐲࡃࠗࠝ࠮ࡦࠪࡦࠣߦะߌߡ‫ޔ‬૞⵾ߒߚ࠽
CoPt ߪࡃ࡞ࠢ෸߮⭯⤑ߢᒝ⏛ᕈࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
ࡁ᭴ㅧߣࡃࠗࠝ᧚ᢱ㧔⚦⢩‫⾰ࠢࡄࡦ࠲ޔ‬ಽሶ㧕ߣ
ᄖㇱ߆ࠄ⏛႐ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߢࠬࡇࡦߩ㈩೉ࠍ೙ᓮ
ߩ⋧੕૞↪ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆ‫ߣࠬࠗࡃ࠺ࠝࠗࡃޔߚ߹ޕ‬
(a)
(b)
ߒߡ೑↪ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬૞⵾ߒߚ࠽ࡁࡢࠗࡗࠍ⋡⊛
5.6Å
ߣߔࠆ႐ᚲߦ♖ኒߦ㈩೉ߔࠆടᎿᛛⴚࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
50nm
Frequency (%)
(c)25
[1]J. Zhang et al. J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 67, 2448 (2006).
20
15
[2]M. Kobayashi et al., Nano Lett.
10
5
0
33 66 9912
1215
1518
1821
2124242727
Diameter (nm)
Fig.2. (a) TEM image of Ga2O3 nanowires. The inset is SAED
image. (b) enlarged TEM image of single Ga2O3 nanowire. (c)
56
56
䃂 Ꮏቇ⎇ⓥ⑼䊶ේሶജ࿖㓙ኾ᡹㩷 㜞ᯅ⎇ⓥቶ
㱏✢ᬌ಴↪⿥વዉォ⒖┵䉶䊮䉰䈱㐿⊒
1.
࿶ࠍශടߔࠆߣ TES ߩォ⒖㗔ၞਛߩᛶ᛫ߦࠃࠅࠫ
⢛᥊ߣ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛
ᩭ‛⾰߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆǫ✢߿⎬㨄✢ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ
ࡘ࡯࡞ടᾲ߇↢ߓ‫ࠄ߆ࠨࡦ࠮ߣࠇߎޔ‬ᄖㇱ߳ㅏߍ
㜞♖ᐲߦᬌ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰ߩర⚛‫ޔ‬ቯ㊂ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁
ࠆᾲ㊂ߣ߇╬ߒߊߥࠆὐߢᾲ⊛ߥᐔⴧ⁁ᘒ߇↢ߓ
ᣂߒ޿ᩭ‛⾰⸘᷹ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬㕖⎕უᬌ಴߇น⢻
ࠆ‫ߦ♽ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᡼኿✢߇౉኿ߐࠇࠆߣ TES ߩ
ߣߥࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㜞ല₸߆ߟ♖ኒߥ⸘᷹߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ
᷷ᐲ߇਄᣹ߒᛶ᛫୯ߪォ⒖ᦛ✢ߦᴪߞߡ਄᣹ߔࠆ
ᩭᑄ᫈‛ᬌᩏ‫଻ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬㓚ភ⟎ᛛⴚ╬߳ߩᔕ↪
߇‫ޔ‬ቯ㔚࿶ࡃࠗࠕࠬߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߦ࠮ࡦࠨࠍᵹ
߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪‫ޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰ᬌ಴ߩߚ߼ߩ X ✢ǫ
ࠇࠆ㔚ᵹ߇ᷫዋߔࠆ‫ ߣࠆߔޕ‬TES ౝߩࠫࡘ࡯࡞⊒
✢ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯᷹ቯߢߪ Ge ඨዉ૕ᬌ಴ེ߿ࠪࡦ
ᾲ㊂߽ᷫዋߒ‫߇♽ޔ‬಄ළߐࠇࠆᣇะߦ⽶ߩᾲ⊛ߥ
࠴࡟࡯࠲╬߇↪޿ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛╬
ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ߇↢ߓࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㔚ᾲࡈࠖ࡯
ߩᄙర⚛ᷙ࿷ਅߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⒳ర⚛ߩǫ✢‫޽ޔ‬
࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ(ETF : Electro Thermal Feedback)ࠍ↪޿ࠆ
ࠆ޿ߪⰯశ X ✢ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇ㄭធߒ‫ޔ‬ᣢ
ߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬రߩࡃࠗࠕࠬὐ߳ߩᏫㆶ߇ଦㅴߐࠇ‫ޔ‬
ሽ᡼኿✢ᬌ಴ེߩૐ޿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ߦ೙㒢ߐ
ࡃࠗࠕࠬὐߩ቟ቯൻߣᔕ╵ᤨቯᢙߩ㜞ㅦൻ߇࿑ࠄ
ࠇߡ‫ޔ‬᷹ቯߐࠇߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞਄ߢߩࠛ
ࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬శሶ౉኿ߦࠃࠆ TES ߩ㔚ᵹᷫዋ
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇ಽ㔌ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰ߩర⚛‫ޔ‬ᩭ
ߪᓸዊᄌൻߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦ৻⥸⊛ߦ⿥વዉ㊂ሶ⏛᧤
⒳หቯߪᭂ߼ߡ࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽ
ᐓᷤ⚛ሶ(SQUID)ࠍ↪޿ߡૐࠗࡦࡇ࡯࠳ࡦࠬߥ㔚
᡼኿✢ᬌ಴ེߣߪోߊ⇣ߥࠆᬌ಴ේℂࠍ᦭ߒ⿥㜞
ᵹჇ᏷ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅ⺒ߺ಴ߐࠇ‫౉ࠅࠃࠇߎޔ‬
ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⿥વዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦࠨࠍ
኿ߒߚశሶ 1 ୘ߕߟߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ᭂ߼ߡ㜞♖ᐲ
ዉ౉ߒ‫⊛⋡ޔ‬ర⚛‫ޔ‬ᩭ⒳ߩᑯ೎‫ޔ‬หቯ‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬
ߦᬌ಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߎࠇ߹ߢ࿖ౝᄖߩ TES 㐿⊒⎇ⓥߩᄙߊߪᢙ keV
ᩭ‛⾰ߩᭂᓸ㊂ಽᨆࠍ߽น⢻ߦߔࠆ㊀ర⚛ᓸ㊂ర
⚛ಽᨆߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⒟ᐲߩ X ✢ᬌ಴ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫߽ޘ‬
⿥વዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦࠨ (Transition Edge Sensor :
ࠗ࡝ࠫ࠙ࡓ(Ir)♽ߩ⿥વዉ૕ࠍ᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨߦ↪޿
TES) ࡑࠗࠢࡠࠞࡠ࡝ࡔ࡯࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬ᭂૐ᷷ߦ಄ළߒᲧ
ᾲࠍᭂዊൻߒߚ‛⾰ߦ᡼኿✢ࠍๆ෼ߐߖ‫ࠆߓ↢ޔ‬
Ყセ⊛ᄢ߈ߥ᷷ᐲ਄᣹ࠍ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ૕ߩ⿥વዉ/Ᏹવ
ዉォ⒖㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᕆፋߥ᷷ᐲ㧙ᛶ᛫ᄌൻࠍ↪޿
ߚ㜞ᗵᐲߥ᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨߦࠃࠅ㔚᳇ାภߦᄌ឵ߒߡ
᡼኿✢ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࡔ࡯࠲
ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩඨዉ૕ᬌ಴ེߣᲧセߒߡ‫࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬
ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ࠍ 2 ᩴ⒟ะ਄ߐߖࠆ੐߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᕆፋߥ᷷ᐲᛶ᛫ᄌൻࠍ␜ߔ⿥વዉォ⒖㗔ၞਛߦ߅
޿ߡ࠮ࡦࠨࠍ቟ቯߦേ૞ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬TES ࠍ
ቯ㔚࿶ࡃࠗࠕࠬਅߢ㚟േߐߖ‫ࠆߓ↢ᤨߩߎޔ‬ᒝ޿
࿑㧝 400nm ෘ⓸ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡔࡦࡉ࡟ࡦ਄ߦ
㔚ᾲࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬TES ߦ৻ቯߩ㔚
ᒻᚑߐࠇߚǫ✢ TES ⹜૞⚛ሶ
57
57
ߚ X ✢↪ TES ߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼‫ޔ‬6keV ߩ X ✢ߦኻߒ
ࡃ࡞ࠢ⵾᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ࠍࠛࡐࠠࠪߢ࿕ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㊀
6.9eV ߩఝࠇߚࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߦ⥋
޿ Pb ๆ෼૕ࠍߏߊ⭯ߊუࠇ߿ߔ޿⓸ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ
ߞߡ޿ࠆ(1)‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ ߩߎޔ‬Ir ♽ TES ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬ
ࡔࡦࡉ࡟ࡦ਄ߩ TES ߦ៞タߔࠆߎߣߪ߆ߥࠅ࿎㔍
ߦ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰߆ࠄ᡼಴ߐࠇࠆᢙ 10keV ߆ࠄᢙ
ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢߪ‫ࠍ࠳ࡦࡏࡊ࠶࠴ࡊ࠶࡝ࡈޔ‬
100keV 㗔ၞߩ⎬㨄✢߅ࠃ߮ǫ✢ࠍ㜞♖ᐲߦಽశ
㚟૶ߒߡ‫ޔ‬TES ⭯⤑਄ߢ♖ኒߦ૏⟎೙ᓮࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬
ߒ߁ࠆࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࡔ࡯࠲ߩ㐿⊒ߦ⌕ᚻߒߚ‫ࠅߣޕ‬
ធ⛯ᤨߩ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ߣ TES ⭯⤑ߩ㑆ߦ߆߆ࠆജ
ࠊߌㅘㆊജߩ㜞޿ǫ✢ࠍ TES ߢᬌ಴ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬
ࠍ߽೙ᓮߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࡦ࡟ࡉࡦࡔޔ‬᭴ㅧࠍ⎕៊ߖߕߦ
ǫ✢ࠍ㜞ല₸ߦๆ෼ߒ‫ࠍ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛߩߘޔ‬ᾲߦᄌ
Pb ๆ෼૕ࠍ TES ⭯⤑਄ߦ៞タߔࠆᚻᴺࠍ⠨᩺ߒ
឵ߔࠆ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߣߥࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㋦
ߚ‫ޕ‬૞ᚑߒߚᬌ಴⚛ሶߩ᭴ㅧ෸߮૞ᚑ⚛ሶࠍ㗼ᓸ
(Pb)߿㍯(Sn)ߩࠃ߁ߥ㊀㊄ዻࡃ࡞ࠢࠍߎߩ᡼኿✢
㏜ߢⷰኤߒߚ౮⌀ࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ๆ෼૕ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ℂᗐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬
ߎߩ⹜૞⚛ሶࠍᏗ㉼಄ಓᯏߩࠦ࡯࡞࠼ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫ
߹ߕᚒ‫ ߪޘ‬Pb ࡃ࡞ࠢ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ࠍ Ir ♽⿥વዉ
਄ߦขࠅઃߌ‫ޔ‬TES ߩേ૞ᛶ᛫୯ࠃࠅචಽዊߐߥ
᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨ਄ߦ࿕ቯߒߚ࠮ࡦࠨߩ㐿⊒ߦ⌕ᚻߒ‫ޔ‬
ᛶ᛫୯ࠍᜬߟࠪࡖࡦ࠻ᛶ᛫ࠍ TES ߣਗ೉ߦធ⛯ߔ
⹜૞ߒߚǫ✢ TES ߦࠃࠅᢙ 100keV એ਄ߩ㜞޿ࠛ
ࠆߎߣߢ⇼ૃ⊛ߦቯ㔚࿶ࡃࠗࠕࠬࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ࿁〝
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆǫ✢ࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࠬࠦࡇ࡯ߩታ⸽
ࠍ૞⵾ߒߚ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬TES ߩᛶ᛫୯ᄌൻߪ TES ߣ⋥
ߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޕ‬
೉ߦ⿥વዉ㈩✢ߢធ⛯ߐࠇߚࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ࠦࠗ࡞ߦ
ߡ⏛᧤ߦᄌ឵ߐࠇ‫ ࠍࠇߎޔ‬dc-SQUID200 ୘߆ࠄߥ
2.
ࠆ SQUID Ⴧ᏷ེߢ⺒ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆ㧔࿑ 2 ෳᾖ㧕‫ߎޕ‬
ታ㛎ߣ⚿ᨐ
Ir/Au-TES ߦ㋦ߩ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ࠍࠛࡐࠠࠪߢ⚿
ࠇ߹ߢߩᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ↪޿ࠆ Ir/Au ㄭធ 2
วߐߖߚ⚛ሶ૞ᚑࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⏕┙ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ir/Au-TES
㊀ጀ⭯⤑ߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ⤑ෘᲧࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬
ߪਔ㕙⎇⏴ᷣߺࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ࠙ࠛࡂߩਔ㕙ߦ LPCVD
ㄭធലᨐߦࠃࠅ⿥વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲࠍ 60mK ઃㄭ߆ࠄ
ߢ⓸ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ߇Ⓧ⤑ߐࠇߚၮ⋚਄ߦࠬࡄ࠶࠲࡝
130mK ߩછᗧߩ୯ߢ೙ᓮߒ߁ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ
ࡦࠣߦߡ Ir/Au ࡃࠗ࡟ࠗࡗࠍ⵾⤑ߒ‫ޔ‬BCl3 ࠟࠬࠍ
޿ࠆ‫⚛ᧄޕ‬ሶߢߪ Ir ߇ 100nm ෘ‫ޔ‬Au ߇ 25nm ෘ
↪޿ߚ࡝ࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡉࠗࠝࡦࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߦࠃࠅ
⵾⤑ߐࠇߚࡃࠗ࡟ࠗࡗࠍ↪޿ォ⒖᷷ᐲ 110mK ࠍ
250μm ⷺߦࡄ࠲࡯࠾ࡦࠣࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃࠅ૞ᚑߔ
ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬಄ಓᯏߩࠦ࡯࡞࠼ࠬ࠹࡯ࠫߩ᷷ᐲ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ࠾ࠝࡉ㔚ᭂ߽ห᭽ߦࠬࡄ࠶࠲࡝ࡦࠣߢ⵾
ࠍ 80mK ߢ቟ቯߦ଻ߜ‫ޔ‬TES ⚛ሶߦቯ㔚࿶ࡃࠗࠕ
⤑ߒ࡝ࡈ࠻ࠝࡈᴺࠍ↪޿ߡᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ⵣߡߒߘޕ‬㕙
ࠬࠍශടߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬TES ࠍᵹࠇࠆ㔚ᵹߣශടߔࠆ㔚
߆ࠄࡅ࠼࡜ࠫࡦ᳓๺‛ࠍ↪޿ߡ Ir/Au-TES ߩਅߦ
࿶߇෻Ყ଀ߔࠆࡃࠗࠕࠬ⁁ᘒ߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߚ‫ࠇߎޕ‬
޽ࠆࠪ࡝ࠦࡦၮ᧼ࠍࠛ࠶࠴ࡦࠣߒߡ㒰෰ߔࠆߎߣ
ߪ⿥વዉォ⒖㗔ၞౝߦ߅޿ߡ ETF ߇௛߈ TES ౝߢ
ߦࠃࠅ‫⓸ޔ‬ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ⭯⤑(400nm ෘ)਄ߩߺߦ
Ir/Au-TES ߇ᡰ߃ࠄࠇࠆࡔࡦࡉ࡟ࡦ᭴ㅧࠍቢᚑߐ
ߖࠆ‫⓸ߩߎޕ‬ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡔࡦࡉ࡟ࡦߪ‫ޔ‬TES ߣᄖ
ㇱߩ಄ᶎߣߩ㑆ߩᾲࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲ࡦࠬࠍૐߊᛥ߃‫ޔ‬
TES ߦ X ✢߿ǫ✢శሶ߇౉኿ߒߚᤨߦߘߩࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯߇ᾲߦᄌ឵ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬TES ⭯⤑ో૕ࠍ᷷߼චಽߥ
᷷ᐲࡄ࡞ࠬࠍᒻᚑߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫⓸ߩߎޕ‬ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡔࡦࡉ࡟ࡦ਄ߩ
࿑ 2 㧞ߟߩᬌ಴⚛ሶߣ 2ch dc-SQUID ାภჇ
Ir/Au-TES ⭯⤑਄ߦ 0.5mm ⷺ‫ޔ‬ෘߐ 0.3mm ߩ Pb
᏷ེࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߛାภᬌ಴ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
58
58
↢ߓࠆࠫࡘ࡯࡞⊒ᾲߣ TES ߆ࠄ⓸ൻࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࡔࡦ
෼ߦࠃࠅ⊒↢ߔࠆᾲ߇ߪߺ಴ߒߚࠛࡐࠠࠪㇱࠍ੺
ࡉ࡟ࡦࠍ੺ߒߡᵹࠇ಴ࠆᾲ㊂߇╬ߒߊߥࠆὐߢᐔ
ߒߡ‫ࠨࡦ࠮ޔ‬ᄖㇱߦṳᵨߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠅ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬
ⴧ⁁ᘒߦ଻ߚࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬Pb ๆ෼
ᔕ╵ᤨቯᢙ߿ಽశ․ᕈߩഠൻߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿
૕ઃ߈ TES ߇⿥વዉォ⒖㗔ၞౝߦ߅޿ߡ ETF ߩ௛
ࠆߣᚒ‫ߪޘ‬⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
߈ߦࠃࠅ቟ቯߒߡേ૞ߔࠆߎߣ߇ታ⸽ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ߘߎߢ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᔕ╵ᕈ⢻ߩഠൻࠍᡷༀߔࠆ
137
Cs ✢Ḯࠍ⟎߈‫↢⊒ޔ‬
ߴߊ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ ߪޘ‬Pb ๆ෼૕ߣ TES ⭯⤑ߩធ⛯
ߔࠆǫ✢ࠍ⹜૞ TES ߦᾖ኿ߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬࿑ 2 ਄ߢ
ᴺߩᡷༀࠍ⹜ߺߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߒߣ଀৻ޕ‬Pb ๆ෼૕ߣ
␜ߔࠃ߁ߥǫ✢౉኿ାภߩขᓧߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᬌ಴
⿥વዉ᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨࠍធ⛯ߔࠆ೨Ბ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Pb
ࡄ࡞ࠬߩ┙ਅࠅᤨ㑆ߪᢙ 100msec એ਄ߣ㕖Ᏹߦㆃ
᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕਄ߣ⿥વዉ Ir/Au ᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨ޽ࠆ޿
޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫┙ߩߎޔ‬ਅࠅᤨቯᢙߪ߅߅߹߆ߦ
ߪ᡼኿✢ๆ෼ㇱߩ Au ⭯⤑਄ߦ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼‫࠲ࠬޔ‬
ߪ 2 ߟߩᚑಽߦಽ߆ࠇ‫ࠄ߆ࠢ࡯ࡇߩࠬ࡞ࡄޔ‬
ࠗࠠࡖࠬ࠻ߢ⚛ሶߩᄢ߈ߐߣᲧセߒߡలಽߦዊߐ
4.4msec ߩᲧセ⊛ᣧ޿ᚑಽߢ┙ߜਅ߇ߞߚᓟ‫ޔ‬
ߥᭂዊࡐࠬ࠻ࠍᒻᚑߒ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᭂዊࡐࠬ࠻਄ߦࠛ
140msec ߩ㕖Ᏹߦㆃ޿ᚑಽߢߩ┙ਅࠅ߇⛯ߊߎߣ
ࡐࠠࠪࠍႣᏓߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫⿥߇ࠪࠠࡐࠛޔ‬વዉ
߇⏕⹺ߐࠇࠆ‫┙ߩߎޕ‬ਅࠅᚑಽߩ↱᧪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬
࠮ࡦࠨᄖㇱߦߪߺ಴ߔߎߣࠍ㒐߉‫ޔ‬ᾲߩṳᵨࠍᛥ
ᣧ޿ᚑಽߪ Ir/Au-TES ⭯⤑ౝߢߩ ETF ലᨐߦࠃࠆ
೙ߔࠆᣂߚߥᚻᴺࠍ⏕┙ߒߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ
߽ߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ㆃ޿ᚑಽߪ Pb ๆ෼૕ߣ TES ߩ㑆ߩ
0.5mm ⷺߩ Pb ๆ෼૕ࠍ࿕ቯߒߚ Ir-TES ⚛ሶߦ߅
Ꮧ㉼಄ಓᯏߩᄖㇱㄭறߦ
ਇචಽߥᾲធ⸅ߦࠃࠆዊߐߥᾲࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲ࡦࠬߦ
⿠࿃ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦᧄǫ✢ᬌ಴ታ㛎ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬਎⇇ߢೋ
߼ߡ TES ߦࠃࠆǫ✢ࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࠬࠦࡇ࡯ߦᚑഞߒ
ߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2 ਅߦ‫ᧄޔ‬ǫ✢ᬌ಴ታ㛎ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇߚࠛ
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬662keV ߦ߅޿ߡశ㔚
ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇᣿⍎ߦⷰኤߐࠇ‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޔ‬ૐ޿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
࡯㗔ၞߦ߅޿ߡ㋦ߩࠛࠬࠤ࡯ࡊࡇ࡯ࠢߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ
ࠆ Kα‫ޔ‬Kβߩฦࡇ࡯ࠢ߇ಽ㔌ߒߡ⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߥ߅‫ޔ‬662keV ߩశ㔚ࡇ࡯ࠢ߆ࠄ▚಴ߐࠇࠆࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ߪ 4.7keV(FWHM)ߢ޽ߞߚ(2)‫ߩߎޕ‬୯
ߪℂ⺰⊛ߦ㆐ᚑน⢻ߥࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ߦᲧߴ㕖
Ᏹߦᖡ޿‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛߩߎޕ‬ಽ⸃⢻⪺ߒ޿ഠൻߩේ
࿃ߣߒߡ‫⋥ࠍࠪࠠࡐࠛޔ‬ធ TES ਄ߦធ⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆ
⚛ሶ᭴ㅧߦ⿠࿃ߒߚᯏ᪾⊛ᔕജ߇⿥વዉ⭯⤑ߩォ
⒖․ᕈߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀߿‫ޔ‬ๆ෼૕ࠍタߖߚࠛࡐࠠࠪ
߇⿥વዉ⭯⤑᷷ᐲ࠮ࡦࠨࠍߪߺ಴ߒߡၮ᧼਄ߦᵹ
಴ߒߚ႐วߩᾲ⚻〝ߩᄌൻ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠛߦ․ޕ‬
ࡐࠠࠪߦߡ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ࠍ⿥વዉ࠮ࡦࠨ਄ߦ࿕ቯ
ߔࠆ㓙‫ߩࠪࠠࡐࠛࠆߔ↪૶ޔ‬㊂ࠍടᷫߒߡ߽⿥વ
࿑3
ዉ࠮ࡦࠨߩᄖ஥ߦࠛࡐࠠࠪ߇ߪߺ಴ߒߡߒ߹߁ߎ
ࠅ⊒↢ߒߚౖဳ⊛ߥᔕ╵ᵄᒻ(਄࿑)ߣ‫ޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚ
ߣ߇ㆱߌࠄࠇߕ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ౝߢ X ✢ๆ
శ㔚ࡇ࡯ࠢࠍ␜ߔǫ✢ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞
59
59
137Cs
✢Ḯ߆ࠄߩ 662keV ߩǫ✢౉኿ߦࠃ
࠻ࠍዉ౉ߒ‫ޔ‬Pb ๆ෼૕ߣ TES 㑆ߩធ⛯ᴺߩᡷༀࠍ
࿑ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ ⎬ޔ‬X ✢ǫ✢ TES ߣߒߡߪ㘃ࠍ⷗
ߥ޿ 150μsec એਅߩ⿥㜞ㅦᔕ╵ࠍ߽ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
੹ᓟߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᬌ಴ེߩᄢ߈ߥࡁࠗ࠭Ḯߣߥߞ
ߡ޿ࠆή಄ᇦᏗ㉼಄ಓᯏߩᯏ᪾ᝄേߩᛥ೙ࠍ࿑ࠆ
ߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ᣂߚߦ Sn ๆ෼૕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍⴕ޿‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬
㊀㊄ዻ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ߣ TES ߣߩធ⛯ᚻᴺߩᡷༀ߽
ㅴ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬ಽశ․ᕈߩߐࠄߥࠆะ਄ߣ㜞ㅦᔕ╵ߩਔ
┙ࠍ⋡ᜰߔ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 4 ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕ធ⛯᭴ㅧࠍᡷༀߒߚ TES
ᧄ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩ৻ㇱߪ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޔ‬᡽ᴺੱ⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ
⚛ሶߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㕖Ᏹߦㅦ޿ᔕ╵ࠍ␜ߔ
⥝ᯏ᭴ߩ↥ቇࠗࡁࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦടㅦ੐ᬺ‫ޣ‬వ┵⸘᷹
662keV ߩǫ✢౉኿ାภ
޿ߡ
137
ಽᨆᛛⴚ࡮ᯏེ㐿⊒‫⚛ⷐޤ‬ᛛⴚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫⿥ޟ‬વ
Cs ߩǫ✢Ḯࠍ↪޿ߚേ૞ታ⸽ࠍⴕߞߚߣ
ዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦࠨߦࠃࠆ㕟ᣂ⊛⎬ X ✢ಽశᛛⴚߩ㐿
ߎࠈ‫ޔ‬࿑ 3 ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬662keV ߩǫ✢౉኿ߦኻ
⊒‫(ޠ‬ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕណᛯ)ߦࠃࠅታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ
ߒ‫ޔ‬ᔕ╵ㅦᐲ 150μsec એਅߩᭂ߼ߡㅦ޿ǫ✢ᬌ಴
ߔ‫ޕ‬
ାภ߇ᓧࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᔕ╵ㅦᐲߩᄢ᏷ߥᡷༀߦᚑഞߒߚ
(3)‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᔕ╵ㅦᐲ㧔ᢙ 100msec એ਄㧕ߦ
Ყߴߡᩴ㆑޿ߦㅦߊ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝᄖߩ⿥વዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦ
[1] Y. Kunieda, D. Fukuda, H. Takahashi, M. Ohno,
ࠨߦ߅ߌࠆ⎬ X ✢‫ޔ‬ǫ✢ᬌ಴ାภߣᲧセߒߡ߽㘃
M. Nakazawa, M. Ohkubo, F. Hirayama, M. Koike,
ࠍ⷗ߥ޿ఝࠇߚ୯ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ߃ࠁޕ‬㊀㊄ዻ᡼኿✢ๆ
“Microscopic observation of operating Ir/Au-TES
෼૕ߣ TES ᬌ಴⚛ሶߩធ⛯ᴺߩᡷ⦟ߪ㊀㊄ዻๆ෼
microcalorimeter
૕ߣ⿥વዉ࠮ࡦࠨ㑆ߩᾲࠦࡦ࠳ࠢ࠲ࡦࠬߩჇടߦ
low-temperature
scanning
synchrotron microscopy”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A520
߽ነਈߒ‫ޔ‬ᬌ಴ེߩ㜞⸘ᢙ₸․ᕈታ⃻ߩ㎛ࠍីࠆ
(1-3): 267-269 (2004)
ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬
3.
by
[2]R. M. T. Damayanthi, S. W. Leman, H. Takahashi,
߹ߣ߼ߣ੹ᓟߩᣇ㊎
M. Ohno, Y. Minamikawa, K, Nishimura, and N.
ᩭ‛⾰⹜ᢱ߆ࠄ᡼಴ߐࠇࠆ⎬ X ✢߿ǫ✢ࠍ㜞ᗵ
Iyomoto, “Development of a Gamma-Ray Detector
ᐲ߆ߟ㜞޿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ಽ⸃⢻ߢᬌ಴ߒ‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱߩర
with Iridium Transition edge sensor coupled to a Pb
⚛ಽᨆࠍⴕ޿߁ࠆ⎬ X ✢ǫ✢ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻
Absorber” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 540
ࡠࠬࠦࡇ࡯ߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ‫ޔ‬㊀㊄ዻ᡼኿✢ๆ෼૕
(2009).
ߣ TES ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ㜞ᕈ⢻ࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࡔ࡯࠲ߩ
[3]R. M. T. Damayanthia, M. Ohno, S. Hatakeyama, H.
㐿⊒⎇ⓥߦ⌕ᚻߒߚ‫ ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬Ir/Au-TES ਄ߦ
Takahashi, K. Maehata, T. Yasumune, N. Iyomoto,
㜞޿ǫ✢ๆ෼ല₸ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ Pb ࡃ࡞ࠢๆ෼૕ࠍࡈ
̌Observation of very fast response signals from Pb
࡝࠶ࡊ࠴࠶ࡊࡏࡦ࠳ࠍ↪޿ߡ៞タߔࠆǫ✢ TES ⚛
absorber coupled transition edge sensor gamma-ray
ሶ૞⵾ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ⏕┙ߒ‫ޔ‬TES ߦࠃࠆ 662keV ߩ
microcalorimeter̍, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A㧔ᛩⓂਛ㧕
ǫ✢ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࠬࠦࡇ࡯ߦ਎⇇ߢೋ߼
ߡᚑഞߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣂߚߦࠬ࠲ࠗࠠࡖࠬ࠻⵾ࡐࠬ
60
60
ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ౒ห೑↪ᚑᨐ⊒⴫࡝ࠬ࠻
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹↰ਛ⎇ⓥቶ
1. Nearly non-magnetic valence band of the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs.
Shinobu Ohya, Kenta Takata, and Masaaki Tanaka.
Nature Physics, 7, 342, (2011).
2. Phase decomposition diagram of magnetic alloy semiconductor.
P. N. Hai, S. Yada and M. Tanaka.
J. Appl. Phys., 109, 073919/1-9, (2011).
3. Structural and magnetic properties of Ge1-xMnx thin films grown on Ge (001) substrates.
S. Yada, P. N. Hai, S. Sugahara, M. Tanaka.
J. Appl. Phys., 110, 073903/1-8, (2011).
4. Magnetoresistance enhanced by inelastic cotunneling in a ferromagnetic MnAs nanoparticle sandwiched by
nonmagnetic electrodes.
R. Akiyama, S. Ohya, P. N. Hai, and M. Tanaka.
J. Appl. Phys., 111, 063716/1-5, (2012).
5. Comment on 'Reconciling results of tunnelling experiments on (Ga,Mn)As.
Shinobu Ohya, Kenta Takata, Iriya Muneta, Pham Nam Hai, and Masaak Tanaka.
arXiv:1102.3267 by Dietl and Sztenkiel", cond-mat arXiv:1102.4459, http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.4459.
6. Spin-dependent tunneling transport in a ferromagnetic GaMnAs and un-doped GaAs double-quantum well
heterostructure.
Iriya Muneta, Shinobu Ohya, and Masaaki Tanaka.
Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, 162409/1-3, (2012).
7. ࠬࡇࡦ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬߣߘߩ᧚ᢱ
↰ਛ㓷᣿
ᧂ〯⑼ቇᛛⴚ 451 ภ pp.8-11 (2011)
8. ࠽ࡁ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯࡮᧚ᢱಽ㊁ ⑼ቇᛛⴚ࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ߩ࿖㓙Ყセ 2011 ᐕ ↰ਛ㓷᣿
‫⏛ޟ‬ᕈ᧚ᢱ‫⑼ ޠ‬ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᚢ⇛࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬2011 ᐕ 6 ᦬⊒ⴕ
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹↰⇌⎇ⓥቶ
9. Epitaxial strain-induced magnetic anisotropy in Sm3Fe5O12 thin films grown by pulsed laser
deposition.
H. Yamahara, M. Mikami, M. Seki, H. Tabata.
J. Mag. Mag. Mat., 32, 3143-3146, (2011).
10. Label-free THz sensing of living body-related molecular binding using a metallic mesh.
T. Hasebe, Y. Yamada, and H. Tabata.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 414, 192-198, (2011).
11. Optical dynamics of energy transfer from a CdZnO quantum well to a proximal Ag nanostructure.
H. Matsui, W. Nomura, T. Yatsui, M. Ohtsu, and H. Tabata.
Optics Letters, Vol. 36, 3735-3737, (2011).
12. Surface plasmon modes guided by Ga-doped ZnO layers bounded by different dielectrics.
W. Badalawa, H. Matsui, A. Ikehata, and H. Tabata.
Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 011913, (2011): DOI:10.1063/1.3608313 (3 pages).
13. In-plane light polarization in nonpolar m-plane CdxZn1-xO/ZnO quantum wells.
61
61
H. Matsui, H. Tabata.
Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 261902, (2011) :DOI:10.1063/1.3603931 (3 pages).
14. Correlation between structural and luminescent properties of Eu31-dopedZnO epitaxial layers.
W. Badalawa, H. Matsui, T. Osone, N. Hasuike, H. Harima, and H. Tabata.
J. Appl. Phys., 109, 053502, (2011).
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹ጤ૒⎇ⓥቶ
15. Liquid-Gated Ambipolar Transport in Ultrathin Films of a Topological Insulator Bi2Te3.
H. T. Yuan, H. W. Liu, H. Shimotani, H. Guo, M. W. Chen, Q. K. Xue, Y. Iwasa.
Nano Lett.,1
11, 2601-2605, (2011).
16. Hole reduction and electron accumulation in YBa2Cu3Oy thin films using an electrochemical
technique: Evidence for an n-type metallic state.
T. Nojima, H. Tada, S. Nakamura, N. Kobayashi, H. Shimotani, Y. Iwasa.
Phys. Rev. B 84, 020502, (2011).
17. Accessing the transport properties of graphene and its multilayers at high carrier density.
J. T. Ye, M. F. Craciun, M. Koshino, S. Russo, S. Inoue, H. T. Yuan, H. Shimotani, A. F.
Morpurgo, Y. Iwasa.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 13002-13006, (2011).
18. Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces.
H. Y. Hwang, Y. Iwasa, M. Kawasaki, B. Keimer, N. Nagaosa, Y. Tokura.
Nature Mater., 11, 103-113, (2012).
19. Ambipolar MoS2 thin flake transistors.
Y. J. Zhang, J. T. Ye, Y. Matsuhashi, Y. Iwasa.
Nano Lett., 12, 1136-1140, (2012).
20. Tunable Spin-Orbit Interaction in Trilayer Graphene Exemplified in Electric-Double-Layer
Transistor.
Z. Y. Chen, H. T. Yuan, Y. F. Zhang, K. Nomura, T. Gao, H. Shimotani, Z. F. Liu, Y. Iwasa.
Nano Lett., accepted.
ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ
21. Light-induced spin-crossover magnet.
S. Ohkoshi, K. Imoto, Y. Tsunobuchi, S. Takano, and H. Tokoro.
Nature Chemistry, 3, 564-569, (2011).
22. Light-induced magnetization with a high Curie temperature and a large coercive field in a Co-W bimetallic
assembly.
N. Ozaki, H. Tokoro, Y. Hamada, A. Namai, T. Matsuda, S. Kaneko, and S. Ohkoshi.
Adv. Funct. Mater., published online. 㧔Back cover ߦឝタ੍ቯ㧕
23. A Cyano-bridged vanadium-niobate bimetal assembly exhibiting a high Curie temperature of 210K.
K. Imoto, M. Takemura, H. Tokoro, and S. Ohkoshi.
Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., published online.㧔Highlight Press Release ⸥੐ߥࠄ߮ߦ⴫⚕ߦㆬ߫ࠇ߹ߒߚ㧕
24. Zero thermal expansion fluid and oriented film based on a bistable metal-cyanide polymer.
H Tokoro, K. Nakagawa, K. Imoto, F. Hakoe, and S. Ohkoshi.
Chem. Mater., 24, 1324-1330, (2012).
25. Magnetic dimensional crossover from two- to three-dimensional Heisenberg magnetism in a Cu-W
cyano-bridged bimetal assembly.
R. Yamada, H. Tokoro, N. Ozaki, and S. Ohkoshi.
Cryst. Growth Des., 12, 2013-2017, (2012).
26. High thermal durability of water-free copper-octacyanotungsten-based magnets containing halogen bonds.
62
62
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Y. Tsunobuchi, S. Kaneko, K. Nakabayashi, and S. Ohkoshi.
Cryst. Growth Des., 11, 5561-5566, (2011).
The phase transition of İ-InxFe2-xO3 nanomagnets with a large thermal hysteresis loop.
K. Yamada, H. Tokoro, M. Yoshikiyo, T. Yorinaga, A. Namai, and S. Ohkoshi.
J. Appl. Phys., 111, 07B506/1-3, (2012).
Optical control of magnetization-induced second harmonic generation of Fe0.52Rh0.48 films.
T. Nuida, T. Yamauchi, and S. Ohkoshi.
J. Appl. Phys., 110, 063516/1-4, (2011).
Anomalous behavior of high-frequency zero-field ferromagnetic resonance in aluminum-substituted
İ-Fe2O3.
M. Yoshikiyo, A. Namai, M. Nakajima, T. Suemoto, and S. Ohkoshi.
J. Appl. Phys., 111, 07A726/1-3, (2012).
Mössbauer study of İ-AlxFe2-xO3 nanomagnets.
K. Yamada, M. Yoshikiyo, A. Namai, and S. Ohkoshi.
Hyperfine Interact., 205, 117-120, (2012).
Synthesis of a Chiral Magnet based on Cyano-Bridged Co-W Complex.
K. Orisaku, K. Nakabayashi, and S. Ohkoshi.
Chem. Lett., 40, 586-587, (2011).
Poly[decaaquabis- 2,2’-bipyridyl-tetra-ȝ-cyanido-tetracyanido-dimanganese(II) tungstate(IV)].
N. Ozaki, R. Yamada, K. Nakabayashi, and S. Ohkoshi.
Acta Cryst. E, 67, m702-m703, (2011) .
⏛᳇ൻቇࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚᣂⷙ⏛ᕈ‛⾰ߩഃ⵾
ᚲ⵨ሶ㧘ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻
ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᐕႎ, vol.2, pp.12-16, 2011㧔⴫⚕ߦឝタߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧕
⏛᳇ൻቇࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚᣂⷙ⏛ᕈ૕ߩࡏ࠻ࡓࠕ࠶ࡊวᚑ
ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻㧘ᚲ⵨ሶ
ൻቇᎿᬺ, 2012 ᐕ 2 ᦬ภ, vol. 63, No. 2, pp.28-35, 2012
శ⏛ᕈ૕
ᚲ⵨ሶ㧘ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻
࿕૕‛ℂ, 1 ᦬ภ, pp15-23㧔⴫⚕ߦឝタߐࠇ߹ߒߚ㧕
శࠬࠗ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ⏛⍹
ᚲ⵨ሶ㧘੗రஜᄥ㧘ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻
Ꮏᬺ᧚ᢱ, vol. 60, No.1, pp.17-19, 2012
ࠗࡊࠪࡠࡦဳ́㉄ൻ㋕⏛ᕈ૕ߩ㜞๟ᵄࡒ࡝ᵄๆ෼
ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻㧘↢੗㘧㠽
ᯏ⢻᧚ᢱ, vol.31, pp.27-32, 2011
Novel magnetic functionalities of Prussian blue analogs
H. Tokoro and S. Ohkoshi
Dalton Trans., vol. 40, No. 26, pp.6825-6833, 2011(Hot article ߦㆬ߫ࠇ㧘ⵣ⴫⚕ߦឝタߐࠇ߹ߒߚ)
ᣂⷙߥ㜞ᯏ⢻ࠍ⊒⃻ߔࠆ㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ᓸ☸ሶ
ᄢ⿧ᘕ৻
Newton 3 ᦬ภ, vol. 32, p.4, 2012
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹ᨴ⼱⎇ⓥቶ
40. A 100-V AC Energy Meter Integrating 20-V Organic CMOS Digital and Analog Circuits With a Floating
Gate for Process Variation Compensation and a 100-V Organic pMOS Recti¿er.
Koichi Ishida, Tsung-Ching Huang, Kentaro Honda, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Hiroyoshi Nakajima, Hiroki Maeda,
Makoto Takamiya, Takao Someya, and Takayasu Sakurai.
Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 27, 301-309, (2012).
63
63
41. Contact Resistance and Megahertz Operation of Aggressively Scaled Organic Transistors.
F. Ante, D. Kälblein, T. Zaki, U. Zschieschang, K. Takimiya, M. Ikeda, T. Sekitani, T. Someya, J. N.
Burghartz, K. Kern, H. Klauk.
Small, 8, 73-79, (2012).
42. Spatial control of the threshold voltage of low-voltage organic transistors by microcontact printing of alkyland fluoroalkyl-phosphonic acids.
Ikue Hirata, Ute Zschieschang, Frederik Ante, Tomoyuki Yokota, Kazunori Kuribara, Tatsuya Yamamoto,
Kazuo Takimiya, Masaaki Ikeda, Hirokazu Kuwabara, Hagen Klauk, Tsuyoshi Sekitani and Takao Someya.
MRS Communications, 1, 33-36, (2011).
43. Human-frendly organic integrated circuits.
Tsuyoshi Sekitani and Takao Someya.
Material Today, 14, 398-407, (2011).
44. Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) thin-film transistors with improved performance
and stability.
U. Zschieschang, F. Ante, D. Kälblein, T. Yamamoto, K. Takimiya, H. Kuwabara, M. Ikeda, T. Sekitani, T.
Someya, J. Blochwitz-Nimoth, H. Klauk.
Organic Electronics, 12, 1370-1375, (2011).
45. A 4 V operation, flexible Braille display using organic transistors, carbon nanotube actuators, and organic
SRAM.
Kenjiro Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Ute Zschieschang, Hagen Klauk, Kazunori Kuribara, Tomoyuki Yokota,
Takushi Sugino, Kinji Asaka, Masaaki Ikeda, Hirokazu Kuwabara, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Kazuo Takimiya,
Takanori Fukushima, Takuzo Aida, Makoto Takamiya, Takayasu Sakurai, Takao Someya.
Advanced Functional Materials, 21, 4019-4027, (2011).
46. Organic Pseudo-CMOS Circuits for Low Voltage, Large Gain, High-Speed Operation.
Kenjiro Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Tomoyuki Yokota, Kazunori Kuribara, Tsung-Ching Huang,
Takayasu Sakurai, Ute Zschieschang, Hagen Klauk, Masaaki Ikeda, Hirokazu Kuwabara, Tatsuya
Yamamoto, Kazuo Takimiya, Kwang-Ting Cheng, and Takao Someya.
IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32, 1448-1450, (2011).
47. Low-voltage organic transistor with subfemtoliter inkjet source-drain contacts.
Tomoyuki Yokota, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Yu Kato, Kazunori Kuribara, Ute Zschieschang, Hagen Klauk,
Tatsuya Yamamoto, Kazuo Takimiya, Hirokazu Kuwabara, Masaaki Ikeda, and Takao Someya.
MRS Communications, 1, 3-6, (2011).
48. Study of organic thin-film transistors under electrostatic discharge stresses.
Wen Liu, Juin J. Liou, Kazunori Kuribara, Kenjiro Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Takao Someya, and Zhixin
Wang.
IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32, 967-969, (2011).
49. Control of threshold voltage in low-voltage organic complementary inverter circuits with floating gate
structure.
Tomoyuki Yokota, Takashi Nakagawa, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Yoshiaki Noguchi, Kenjiro Fukuda, Ute
Zschieschang, Hagen Klauk, Ken Takeuchi, Makoto Takamiya, Takayasu Sakurai, and Takao Someya.
Applied Physics Letters, 98, 193302, (2011).
50. Contact doping and ultrathin gate dielectrics for nanoscale organic thin-film transistors.
Frederik Ante, Daniel Kalblein, Ute Zschieschang, Tobias W. Canzler, Ansgar Werner, Kazuo Takimiya,
Masaaki Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Takao Someya, and Hagen Klauk.
Small, 7, 1186-1191, (2011).
51. Pentacene thin film transistor with low threshold voltage and high mobility by inserting a thin metal
phthalocyanines interlayer.
Yi Li, Qi Liu, XiZhang Wang, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Takao Someya and Zheng Hu.
SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences, Volume 53 / 2010 - Volume 55 / 2012, December 29, 2011,
(DOI) 10.1007/s11431-011-4693-5.
64
64
52. Flexible low-voltage organic thin-filtransistors and circuits based on C10-DNTT†.
Ute Zschieschang, Myeong Jin Kang, Kazuo Takimiya, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Takao Someya, Tobias W.
Canzler, Ansgar Werner, Jan Blochwitz-Nimothd and Hagen Klauka.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22,4273, (2012) .
53. િ❗⥄࿷ߥ᦭ᯏࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ
㑐⼱Პ‫ޔ‬ᨴ⼱㓉ᄦ
ࠧࡓቇળ⹹ ✚⺑ ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 3 ᦬ೀⴕ
54. ᄢ㕙Ⓧࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ
㑐⼱Პ‫ޔ‬ᨴ⼱㓉ᄦ
㜞ಽሶ‫ޔ‬㜞ಽሶቇળ‫ޔ‬2012 ᐕ 3 ᦬ภ ೀⴕ
55. Emergin Applications and Future Prospects of Printed Transistors and Memories.
Takao Someya, Tsuyoshi Sekitani.
Printing Science and Technology㧔ᣣᧄශ೚ቇળ⹹㧕, Vol. 48, pp.41-43 (2011).
56. ࠕࡦࡆࠛࡦ࠻࡮ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ
㑐⼱Პ‫ޔ‬ᨴ⼱㓉ᄦ
ᔕ↪‛ℂቇળ⹹ ‫✚ޠࠬࠢ࠾ࡠ࠻ࠢ࡟ࠛ࡞ࡉࠪࠠ࡟ࡈޟ‬วႎ๔⸥੐, 2011 ᐕ 6 ᦬ภ
57. Stretchable and conformable organic electronic systems.
Tsuyoshi Sekitani and Takao Someya.
Topics: Materials for Stretchable Electronics, MRS Bulletin, to be published at March 2012.
58. Organic electronics”, Book chapter of “Flexible electronics.
Tsuyoshi Sekitani and Takao Someya.
Edited by Ali Javey, to be published in 2011.
Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ේሶജ࿖㓙ኾ᡹㜞ᯅ⎇ⓥቶ
59. Observation of very fast response signals from Pb absorber coupled transition edge sensor gamma-ray
microcalorimeter.
R. M. T. Damayanthia, M. Ohno, S. Hatakeyama, H. Takahashi, K. Maehata, T. Yasumune, N. Iyomoto.
Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A㧔ᛩⓂᷣ㧕
60. Development of Hard X-ray and Gamma-ray Spectrometer Using Superconducting Transition Edge Sensor.
Shuichi Hatakeyama, Masashi Ohno, R. M. Thushara Damayanthi, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Yusuke Kuno,
Naoko Iyomoto, Keisuke Maehata, Chiko Otani, Koji Takasaki.
Radiation measurements 㧔ᛩⓂᷣ㧕
ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹੖␹⎇ⓥቶ
61. Negative Bogoliubov dispersion in exciton-polariton condensates.
Tim Byrnes, Tomoyuki Horikiri, Natsuko Ishida, Michael Fraser, and Yoshihisa Yamamoto.
Phys. Rev. B 85, 075130, (2012).
ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹㘩ຠ↢‛᭴ㅧቇⓥቶ
62. Improvement in Quality of Protein Crystals Grown in a High Magnetic Field Gradient.
Akira Nakamura*, Jun Ohtsuka*, Ken-ichi Miyazono*, Akihiro Yamamura, Keiko Kubota, Ryoichi Hirose,
Noriyuki Hirota, Mitsuo Ataka, Yoriko Sawano, and Masaru Tanokura.
Crystal Growth and Design, 12, 1141–1150, (2012).
65
65
ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ฦㇱ㐷ႎ๔
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛 ◊✲ᐇ⦼ሗ࿌
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
⸨஭Ṋ๎
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࡢ⌧ᅾࡢேဨࡣᮅගᩔ෸ᩍᤵ࡜⸨஭Ṋ๎ຓᩍࡢ ྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮅගᩔ෸ᩍᤵࡣᕤᏛ⣔◊✲
⛉≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷࡢᢸᙜᩍᐁ࡜ࡋ࡚኱Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ⏕ࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡶᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᖺᗘࡣ≀⌮ᕤᏛ⛉ࡢᏛ⏕ ྡ
ࡀᡤᒓࡋࠊ㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶࠿ࡽ ᭶ࡲ࡛ࠊ⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
ࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᏛ᣺࣭⤌⧊ⓗⱝᡭ◊✲⪅➼ᾏእὴ㐵ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ᥼ຓࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ⸨஭ຓᩍࡀ࢝ࢼࢲ࣭ࢩ࣮ࣕࣈ
ࣝࢵࢡ኱Ꮫࡢ Louis Taillefer ᩍᤵࡢୗ࡛ࠊ㕲⣔㉸ఏᑟయࡢᅽຊୗ࡛ࡢࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝ ᐃࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ඹྠ◊✲࡛ࡣᮾ໭኱Ꮫࡢ㧗ᶫ㝯ඛ⏕ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ NaxCoO2 ࡢゅᗘศゎග㟁Ꮚศගࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㖡㓟໬≀㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡢࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪
㖡㓟໬≀㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘ Tc ࡼࡾࡣࡿ࠿࡟㧗 ࠿ࡽࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[1]ࠋࡇࢀࡣ voltex ࡀὶࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㉳ࡁࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ Tc
௨ୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㉸ఏᑟ⏤᮶ࡢ㟁Ꮚᑐࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜
0.25
ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㟁Ⲵ⛛ᗎ(CDW)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ኱ࡁ
࡞ࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ[2]ࠊ
0GPa
0.03GPa
0.08GPa
0.29GPa
0.57GPa
0.83GPa
1.13GPa
1.25GPa
1.56GPa
0.2
㏆࡛㉸ఏᑟࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋ
La ⣔㧗 ㉸ఏᑟయࡣࠊ㉸ఏᑟ࡜ࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡀ
Q (PV/KT)
ࡑࡢሙྜࠊ➇ྜࡍࡿ⛛ᗎ≧ែࡀ஺ࢃࡿ㔞Ꮚ⮫⏺Ⅼ௜
0.15
Tfl~40K
0.1
ඹ࡟ほ ࡉࢀࡿ⣔࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊNd ࢆࢻ࣮
x=0.15, y=0.4
ࣉࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡀᏳᐃ໬ࡋ Tc
ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[3]ࠋ୍᪉ࠊNd ࢆ
0
0.35
ࢻ࣮ࣉࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟㟼Ỉᅽࢆ࠿ࡅࡿ࡜㏫࡟ࢫࢺࣛ
0.3
࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡀቯࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ[4]ࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊ
La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4 ࡢ㟁Ⲵ⛛ᗎࡢᙉࡉࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏ࡞
ࡀࡽࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ᅽຊୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝࡢ ᐃ࡟ࡣࠊ
Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS࣭
(a)
0.2
Tfl~50K
0.15
Tch~75K
0.1
0.05
x=0.125, y=0.4
(b)
0
࢝ࣥࢱ࣒ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ♫)࡟⿦╔ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣆࢫࢺࣥࢩࣜ
ࣥࢲ࣮ᆺࡢᅽຊࢭࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᅽຊ፹య࡟ࡣࢲࣇࢽ࣮
7373 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟࠿࠿ࡿᅽຊࡢ್ࡣ
Sn ࡢ㉸ఏᑟ㌿⛣ ᗘࡢኚ໬࠿ࡽỴᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅽ
ຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ Cernox ᗘィࡢ᢬ᢠ್ࡶኚ໬ࡍࡿࡀࠊ
68
68
0GPa
0.33GPa
0.626GPa
1.01GPa
1.35GPa
1.63GPa
1.83GPa
0.25
Q (PV/KT)
ᅽຊୗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝ ᐃ⿦⨨ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ
Tch~75K
0.05
0
20
40
60
80
100 120 140
Temperature (K)
La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢᅽຊ౫Ꮡᛶ
ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊྛᅽຊୗ࡛ࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺຠᯝࡢ ᐃ๓࡟ᰯṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ࡟ La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4((a)x=0.125 y=0.4, (b)0.15,y=0.4)ࡢ 9T ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢᅽຊ౫
Ꮡᛶࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅽຊࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࡜ Tfl ௨ୗ࡛ࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺࢩࢢࢼࣝࡀቑຍࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢫ
ࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ㉸ఏᑟᦂࡽࡂࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊTfl ௨ୖ࡛ࡣࢿ
ࣝࣥࢫࢺࢩࢢࢼࣝࡣᅽຊ౫Ꮡᛶࡀ࡞ࡃࠊTonset ࡶᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ㉸ఏᑟᦂ
ࡽࡂࡣ Tfl ௨ୗ࡛Ⓨ㐩ࡋࠊTonset ࡣࢫࢺࣛ࢖ࣉ⛛ᗎࡢᦂࡽࡂࡀⓎ㐩ࡋጞࡵࡿ ᗘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
[1] Z. A. Xu et al., Nature, 406 486 (2000).
[2] R. Bel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 066602 (2003): Olivier Cyr-Choini`ere et al., Nature, 458 743
(2009).
[3] N. Ichikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 85 1738 (2000).
[4] S. Arumugam et al.,Phys. Rev. Lett., 88 (2002) 247001
&D)H$V ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 1HUQVW ຠᯝࡢᅽຊ౫Ꮡᛶ
㕲⣔㉸ఏᑟయ CaFe2As2 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸⣙ 170K 䛻䛚䛔䛶ṇ᪉ᬗ-ᩳ᪉ᬗ㌿⛣䛜㉳䛣䜚䚸䛣䛾 ᗘ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸཯ᙉ
☢ᛶ⛛ᗎ䛜㉳䛣䜛䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸ᅽຊ䜢䛛䛡䜛䛸䚸䛣䛾཯ᙉ☢ᛶ⛛ᗎ䛜ᢚ䛘䜙䜜䚸㉸ఏᑟ䛜Ⓨ⌧䛩
䜛䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛[1]䚹䝛䝹䞁䝇䝖ຠᯝ䛿䚸㟁Ⲵ⛛ᗎ䜔㉸ఏᑟ vortex 䛻ᩄឤ䛺䝥䝻䞊䝤䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜㏆ᖺ᫂䜙
䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸௒ᅇᡃ䚻䛿䚸ᅽຊୗ䛷䛾䝛䝹䞁䝇䝖ຠᯝ䛾 ᐃ䜢⾜䛔䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻཯ᙉ☢ᛶ⛛ᗎ䛜㉸ఏᑟ䛻Ⓨ
㐩䛧䛶䛔䛟䛛䜢ㄪ䜉䛯䚹
㻌 ᅗ䛻 CaFe2As2 䛾 5T 䛻䛚䛡䜛䝛䝹䞁䝇䝖䝅䜾䝘䝹䛾ᅽຊ౫Ꮡᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹኱Ẽᅽ䛷䛿 170K ௨ୗ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䝛䝹
䞁䝇䝖䝅䜾䝘䝹䛜ቑ኱䛧䚸㟁Ⲵ⛛ᗎ䛻䜘䛳䛶䝛䝹
0
䞁䝇䝖䝅䜾䝘䝹䛜኱䛝䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹ᅽ
-50
ຊ䜢䛛䛡䜛䛸཯ᙉ☢ᛶ⛛ᗎ䛜ᢚ䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䛝䚸
5kbar ௨ୖ䛷䛿䚸䝛䝹䞁䝇䝖䝅䜾䝘䝹䛾⤯ᑐ್䛿
-100
䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶㉸ఏᑟ䛜Ⓨ⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛩䜛
䛜䚸䝛䝹䞁䝇䝖䝅䜾䝘䝹䛻䛿᫂䜙䛛䛺㉸ఏᑟ䛾඙
ೃ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹᢬ᢠ⋡䛷䛿 5kbar ௨ୖ䛻䛚
Q (nV/KT)
㠀ᖖ䛻ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿䚸㟁Ⲵ⛛ᗎ䛜ᢚ䛘䜙
䛔䛶㉸ఏᑟ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸☢໬⋡䛾 ᐃ
-200
0kbar
0.5kbar
3kbar
5kbar
14kbar
-250
䛷䛿㉸ఏᑟ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔[2]䚸䛭䛣䛷䚸䝞䝹䜽
-300
䛾㉸ఏᑟ䛜㉳䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔䛯䜑䛻௒ᅇ䛾 ᐃ䛷䛿
㉸ఏᑟ䛻䜘䜛 Vortex 䛾䝅䜾䝘䝹䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯
-350
䛾䛰䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹
0
50
100
150
200
T (K)
[1] M. S. Torikachvili et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101,
057006 (2008).
-150
CaFe2As2 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢿࣝࣥࢫࢺࢩࢢࢼࣝࡢᅽຊ౫Ꮡᛶ
[2] W. Yu et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 020511(R) (2009).
69
69
ᮅග◊✲ᐊ◊✲ᡂᯝࣜࢫࢺ
1. Three-dimensional electronic structure in highly doped NaxCoO2 studied by angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy.
T. Arakane, T. Sato, T. Takahashi, T.Fujii, and A. Asamitsu
J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 72, 552-555 (2011)
2. Angle-resolved photoemission study of the doping evolution of a three-dimensional Fermi surface
in NaxCoO2.
T. Arakene, T. Sato, T. Takahashi, T. Fujii, and A. Asamitsu
New Journal of Physics 13, 043021 (2011)
70
70
ඹྠ฼⏝㒊㛛 ᴗົሗ࿌
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ඹྠ฼⏝㒊㛛
ᡞ⏣ு
ඹྠ฼⏝㒊㛛࡛ࡣࠊప ᐮ๣ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⾜࠺◊✲⪅ࠊ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫᅇ཰タഛࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸
◊✲⪅࡟ప ᐇ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᘓ≀ෆࡢඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊࢆ㈚ࡋฟࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ648,' ☢໬ ᐃ⿦⨨㸦࢝ࣥࢱ࣒ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ♫ 0306㸧ࠊ≀ᛶホ౯ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦࢝ࣥࢱ࣒ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ
♫ 3306㸧ࠊ7 ㉸ఏᑟ㟁☢▼ࠊᴟప ≀ᛶ ᐃ⿦⨨࡜࠸࠺ ࡘࡢᴟప ᐇ㦂⿦⨨ࡢ㈚ࡋฟࡋࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᴟప
࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⾡◊✲ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊ
ඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊࡣࠊᮏᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࢆ P ࠶ࡓࡾ᭶ ෇࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㟁Ẽ࣭Ỉ㐨ᩱ㔠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ู㏵ᐇ㈝࡛ᚩ཰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏᖺᗘࡣࠊᆅୗ ᐊ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㏆ᖺ฼⏝ࡢ࡞࠸ ; ⥺⿦⨨ࡢ᧔ཤࢆ⾜
࠸ࠊ ᭶ࡼࡾྠᐊࢆ᪂ࡓ࡟ඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊ࡜ࡋ࡚㈚ࡋฟࡋࡓࠋᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢ฼⏝ࡣ ◊✲ᐊࠊࡢ࡭ P
࡜๓ᖺ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ P ቑ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ$ ᐊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ౑⏝⪅࠿ࡽࡢᕼᮃ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ᭶ᮎ࡛௒ᖺᗘ
ࡢ౑⏝ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓࠋ
㻌
ඹྠ฼⏝⿦⨨
ᮏᖺᗘࡣඹྠ฼⏝⿦⨨ࡢ౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࡢᨵṇࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ3306 ࡜ 0306 ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ᪥ ෇㸦ᾮయ࣊ࣜ࢘
࣒౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࢆྵࡴ㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡢඹྠ฼⏝⿦⨨ࡢ฼⏝≧ἣࡣࠊᅗ ࠊ ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ3306ࠊ
0306 ࡜ࡶ࡟ ㉸ᅵ᪥⚃᪥ࢆ㝖ࡃ඲ ᪥࡛ィ⟬࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋඹྠ฼⏝࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࠿ࡽࡣ≉࡟ 0306 ࡢ฼
⏝ᕼᮃࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡣ✌ാ⋡ࡀῶᑡഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ᖺᗘ௨㝆࡟⾜ࡗࡓࠊ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌
ࢪୖ࡛ࡢண⣙≧ἣࡢබ㛤ࠊ࣓࣮࡛ࣝࡢ฼⏝ࡢၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ࡞࡝ࡀ୍ᐃࡢຠᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ7 ࣐ࢢࢿࢵࢺ࡜ᴟప ≀ᛶ ᐃ⿦⨨ࡢ฼⏝ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢඹྠ฼⏝⿦⨨ࡣ⪁ᮙ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊᮏᖺᗘࡶ 3306 ࡢไᚚ⏝ 3& ࡢ஺᥮ࠊࢧࣥࣉࣝࢳ࢙ࣥࣂ
࣮ࡢಟ⌮ࠊ࣐ࢢࢿࢵࢺࢥࣥࢺ࣮࣮ࣟࣛࡢಟ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏᖺᗘᮎࠊᏛෆ௚㒊ᒁࡼࡾᗫᲠணᐃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 0306 ࡢ⛣ㆡࢆཷࡅࠊࡇࢀࢆ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞≧ែ࡟ᩚഛࡋࡓࠋ
᪤タࡢ⿦⨨ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ࡟ᪧᆺࡢ⿦⨨࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ౑⏝⪅ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟࠶ࢃࡏ࡚௒ᚋࠊ฼⏝ᥦ౪ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ඹྠ฼⏝ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ᐊ࣭ㄯヰᐊ
ᮏᖺᗘࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊࠊඹྠ฼⏝⿦⨨౑⏝⪅ྥࡅ࡟ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ᐊ࣭ㄯヰᐊࢆᩚഛࡋࡓࠋ࣑࣮ࢸ
࢕ࣥࢢ➼ࡀ⡆༢࡟⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ᐊ࡟ࡣࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋㄯヰᐊࡣࠊᏳ඲
⾨⏕ୖࡢ㓄៖࠿ࡽタᐃࡋࡓ㒊ᒇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ౑⏝⪅ࡢఇ᠁ࡸ㣗஦➼࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
71
71
100%
ᩘ್ࡣ฼⏝᪥ᩘ
PPMS ✌ാ⋡ (%)
90%
80%
70%
142
60%
50%
40%
30%
281
282 266 215
236
231
130
160
158
◊✲㛤Ⓨ
106
20%
ඹྠ฼⏝
✌ാ᪥
89
10%
24 14 20
0%
3
8
44
26
䠄ᖺᗘ䠅
ᅗ 1㻌 ≀ᛶホ౯䝅䝇䝔䝮(䜹䞁䝍䝮䝕䝄䜲䞁♫ PPMS)䛾✌ാ⋡
100%
ᩘ್ࡣ฼⏝᪥ᩘ
MPMS ✌ാ⋡ (%)
90%
80%
126
126
70%
168
60%
50%
165
182
119
231
109
40%
30%
20%
10%
130
70
158
146
110
119
107
87
◊✲㛤Ⓨ
164
ඹྠ฼⏝
✌ാ᪥
62 51
0%
䠄ᖺᗘ䠅
ᅗ 2㻌 SQUID ☢໬ ᐃ⿦⨨(䜹䞁䝍䝮䝕䝄䜲䞁♫ MPMS)䛾✌ാ⋡
72
72
ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛 ᴗົሗ࿌
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
㜿㒊⨾⋹
ᐮ๣౪⤥ᐇ⦼ᮏ㒓ᆅ༊࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘᾮయ❅⣲౪⤥㔞ࡣ 500,939Lࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘㓄㐩㔞ࡣ 225,123L ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋୖ༙ᮇ
࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ඲Ꮫⓗ࡞㟁ຊ౑⏝ไ㝈࡞࡝࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊᾮయ❅⣲࣭ᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࡜ࡶ㟂せࡣቑຍ
ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅗ ࠊᅗ ࠋ
60
୓㻸
50
40
30
20
10
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
ᖺᗘ
2015
ᅗ ᖺᗘูᾮయ❅⣲౪⤥㔞
⾲ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᾮయ❅⣲౪⤥ඛ
་Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
37 ◊✲ᐊ
᪂㡿ᇦ๰ᡂ⛉Ꮫ
4 ◊✲ᐊ
ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
85 ◊✲ᐊ
⏕≀ᶵ⬟ไᚚ໬ྜ≀ࣛ࢖ࣈ࣮ࣛࣜᶵᵓ
1 ◊✲ᐊ
⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
56 ◊✲ᐊ
⏕≀⏕⏘ᕤᏛ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
4 ◊✲ᐊ
㎰Ꮫ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉
71 ◊✲ᐊ
⥲ྜ◊✲༤≀㤋
2 ◊✲ᐊ
⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
26 ◊✲ᐊ
ᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ
3 ◊✲ᐊ
࢔࢖ࢯࢺ࣮ࣉ⥲ྜࢭࣥࢱ࣮
5 ◊✲ᐊ
㝃ᒓ⑓㝔
67 ◊✲ᐊ
࢔ࢪ࢔⏕≀㈨※⎔ቃ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
2 ◊✲ᐊ
ศᏊ⣽⬊⏕≀Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ
17 ◊✲ᐊ
⎔ቃᏳ඲◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
1 ◊✲ᐊ
ᨺᑕග㐃ᦠ◊✲ᶵᵓ
1 ◊✲ᐊ
᝟ሗ⌮ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
3 ◊✲ᐊ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
1 ◊✲ᐊ
ྜィ
73
73
386 ◊✲ᐊ
25 ୓㻸
ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏
20
ᾮ໬ᶵ᭦᪂
15
10
ᾮ໬ᶵ᭦᪂
㧗 ㉸ఏᑟ
Ⓨぢ
5
ᾮ໬ᶵ᭦᪂
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
ᖺᗘ
ᅗ ᖺᗘูᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘㓄㐩㔞
⾲ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘౪⤥ඛ
་Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
1 ◊✲ᐊ
㎰Ꮫ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉
3 ◊✲ᐊ
ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
18 ◊✲ᐊ
⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
5 ◊✲ᐊ
⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
18 ◊✲ᐊ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
1 ◊✲ᐊ
ྜィ
46 ◊✲ᐊ
ᐮ๣౪⤥ᩱ㔠
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘࡢᾮయ❅⣲౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࢆ⾲ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
⾲ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᾮయ❅⣲౑⏝ᩱ㔠
ᐜჾෆᐜ✚
౪⤥༢౯
(෇/)
10L ௨ୖ 15L ௨ୗ
75
15L ㉸ 25L ௨ୗ
70
25L ㉸ 35L ௨ୗ
65
35L ㉸ 100L ௨ୗ
60
⥲㔜㔞 100kg ௨ୖ
50
ࡲࡓࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࢆᘧ(1)ࠥ(3)࡟♧ࡍࠋᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 9 ᭶࠿ࡽࠊㄢ㔠᪉ᘧࡢ⡆᫂໬࡜⢭
ᗘྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᦆኻ⋡࡟ᛂࡌࡓ⟬ฟ᪉ἲ࠿ࡽࠊᦆኻ࢞ࢫ㔞࡟ㄢ㔠ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡬ኚ
74
74
᭦ࡋࡓࠋ
࠙ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 4 ᭶㹼8 ᭶ࠚ
౪⤥౯᱁ 㸻 { 178 㸩 13.6™Z (%)} ™ ㄢ㔠ᑐ㇟౪⤥㔞(L)
࣭࣭࣭(1)
ᦆኻ⋡ Z(%) 㸻 100 㸫 ᅇ཰⋡(%)
࣭࣭࣭(2)
࠙ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 9 ᭶㹼ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠚ
౪⤥౯᱁ 㸻 230™ㄢ㔠ᑐ㇟౪⤥㔞(L) 㸩 1,135™ᦆኻ࢞ࢫ㔞(m3)
࣭࣭࣭(3)
ಖᏳ⟶⌮యไ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲ࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ➨୍✀〇㐀⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ᮾி㒔ࡢチྍࢆཷ
ࡅࠊ◊✲ᐊ࡬౪⤥ࡍࡿᾮయ❅⣲ࡢ኱㔞㈓ⶶࡸ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࣜࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢩࢫࢸ࣒(ᅇ཰࣭ᾮ໬)ࡢ㐠㌿ࡸタ
ഛ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮ࡢ௚ࠊ฼⏝⪅ࡸᚑᴗ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜
⾲ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ಖᏳ⟶⌮యไ
ࡋࡓಖᏳᩍ⫱࡞࡝ࡢಖᏳάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ಖ Ᏻ ⤫ ᣓ ⪅
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗
⚟ᒣ ᐶ
ࡿࠋᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘࡢಖᏳ⟶⌮యไࢆ⾲ ࡟
ಖᏳ⤫ᣓ⪅௦⌮⪅
෸ᩍᤵ
ᮅග ᩔ
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
㜿㒊 ⨾⋹
ຓᩍ
⸨஭ Ṋ๎
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ຍⱱ ⏤㈗
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
బ⸨ ᖾ୍
♧ࡋࡓࠋ
௒ᚋࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁタഛಖᏳࡢ⥔ᣢ࡟ᑾຊ
ࡋࡘࡘࠊ᪥ᖖⅬ᳨ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊྛ✀◊✲఍
ಖ
Ᏻ
ಀ
ဨ
ಖᏳಀဨ௦⌮⪅
ཧຍࡸྛ✀㈨᱁࣭චチྲྀᚓࡸㅮ⩦ཷㅮ࡞࡝
ࡢάືࡶ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᏛෆእࡢྛ㒊ᒁ࡜ࡢ᝟ሗ
஺᥮ࡸྛேࡢᢏ⾡ྥୖ࡟ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡢ௚
ᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࡢ౪⤥ᴗົ࡛ࡣࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘⏦㎸ཬࡧ࢞ࢫࢹ࣮ࢱሗ࿌ࡢ web ࢩࢫࢸ࣒໬ࡀ᏶஢
ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࠿ࡽࡢၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡀከ࠸࣒࣊ࣜ࢘౑⏝ᩱ㔠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⟬ฟࣇ࣮ࣟࡢ㎿㏿
໬ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᾮయ❅⣲౪⤥ᴗົ࡛ࡣࠊ㛗ᖺ⵳✚ࡉࢀ᭦᪂ࡀ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣘ
ࢨ࣮᝟ሗࡢぢ┤ࡋࡀᴫࡡ᏶஢ࡋࡓࠋ
タഛ㠃࡛ࡣࠊᖺᗘࡢ๓༙࡟ࡣᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘Ữ
ฟ࣏ࣥࣉࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣛᨾ㞀ࡸᾮ໬ᶵ(ෆ㒊⢭
〇ჾ)ࡢᛶ⬟పୗࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊᚋ༙ࡣ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᅇ
཰タഛ࡛ࡢ⤒ᖺኚ໬ࡀཎᅉ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿ୙ලྜ
ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᑐᛂࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ
ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁཎᅉࡢ㏣✲࡜ᮍ↛㜵Ṇࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ
Ᏻᐃࡋࡓᾮయᐮ๣౪⤥ࢆ⥅⥆࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ດຊ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᅗ ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᢏ⾡⫋ဨࠋᚋิ᪩ᆏࠊ
㜿㒊ࠊబ⸨ࠋ๓ิຍⱱࠊᚿᮧࠊᡞ⏣ࠋ
㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶᧜ᙳ㸧
75
75
ߘߩઁߩᵴേႎ๔
◊✲஺ὶ఍࣭฼⏝⪅᠓ㄯ఍
ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 5 ᪥(᭶)ࠊᑠᰘ࣮࣍ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ➨ 3 ᅇప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲஺ὶ఍ࠖࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊ93 ྡࡢ
ཧຍ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᕤᏛࠊ⌮Ꮫࠊ㎰Ꮫ࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡿᗈ࠸ศ㔝ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ 15 ྡ(࠺ࡕ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ 8 ྡ)࡟ࡼࡿཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ
ᬑẁࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸␗ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ෆᐜ࡟ゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࠊ኱ኚάⓎ࡞㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࡀ࡞ࡉ
ࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇ࠿ࡽタࡅࡽࢀࡓ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࢭࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠊⱝᡭ◊✲⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ィ 24 ྡ(࠺ࡕ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ 18
ྡ)ࡢⓎ⾲ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ1 ᫬㛫 30 ศ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚άⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ␗ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ศ࠿ࡾ᫆ࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿⅬ࡛ඃࢀࡓⓎ⾲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡸ࣏ࢫࢺࢻࢡ
࡞࡝ࡢⱝᡭ◊✲⪅࡟୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࣋ࢫࢺࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ࢔࣮࣡ࢻ(ཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲)࡜࣋ࢫࢺ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮࣭࢔࣡
࣮ࢻ(࣏ࢫࢱ࣮Ⓨ⾲)ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉࣭໬Ꮫᑓᨷࡢ⏕஭㣕㫽ࡉࢇ኱㉺◊✲ᐊ≉௵ຓᩍ࡜኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤ
Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉࣭≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷࡢᙇዒວࡉࢇᒾబ◊✲ᐊಟኈ ᖺࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀཷ㈹ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ᮶ᖺᗘ௨
㝆ࡶࡉࡽ࡟඘ᐇࡋࡓㅮ₇఍࡟Ⓨᒎࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊⓙᵝࡢࡈ༠ຊࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ
◊✲஺ὶ఍⤊஢ᚋ࡟ࠕప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮฼⏝⪅᠓ㄯ఍ࠖࢆྠ࣮࣍ࣝ࣍࣡࢖࢚࡟࡚㛤ദࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋṔ௦ࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮㛗ࢆࡣࡌࡵప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮฼⏝⪅⣙ ྡࡀཧຍࡋࠊࡼࡾࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫࡋࡓ㞺ᅖẼࡢ୰࡛᝟ሗ஺᥮ࡸ஺ὶ
ࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᖍୖࠊ୧࢔࣮࣡ࢻࡢⓎ⾲࡜㈹≧࣭๪㈹ࡢᤵ୚ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ 1 ◊✲஺ὶ఍ࡢᵝᏊ
ᅗ 2 ࣏ࢫࢱ࣮ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢᵝᏊ
78
78
╙ 3 ࿁ ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥ੤ᵹળ࡮೑↪⠪ᙣ⺣ળ
Ŷ ᣣ ᤨ
㧦 ᐔᚑ 24 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 5 ᣣ㧔᦬㧕 10㧦00 㨪 17㧦55
Ŷ ળ ႐
㧦 ዊᩊࡎ࡯࡞㧔ℂቇㇱ 1 ภ㙚‫ޔ‬ਛᄩ᫟ 2F㧕
Ŷ ⻠Ṷᤨ㑆 㧦 20 ಽ㧔⾰⇼ᔕ╵ 5 ಽࠍ฽߻㧕
10:00-10:10
ߪߓ߼ߦ ᦺశ ᢕ 㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ಎᢎ᝼㧕
࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧝 㧔10㧦10-12㧦10㧕
10:10-10:30
ᐳ㐳: ਅጊ ᷕ৻ 㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼㧕
ਛ᎑ ᱜᢅ ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮ಎᢎ᝼㧔↢‛೙ᓮൻቇ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-01 ᬀ‛ࡎ࡞ࡕࡦฃኈ૕ߩାภવ㆐೙ᓮߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ
10:30-10:50
↢੗ 㘧㠽 ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮․છഥᢎ㧔ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-02 ㊄ዻ⟎឵ဳࠗࡊࠪࡠࡦ㉄ൻ㋕ߩวᚑߣ㜞๟ᵄࡒ࡝ᵄ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ⏛᳇శቇലᨐߩ᷹ⷰ
10:50-11:10
ᮘญ ථ਽ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮D3㧔੖␹⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-03 ZnO ㊂ሶ੗ᚭਛߩᱷ⇐ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕߦࠃࠆౝㇱ㔚႐ㆤ⭁㐳ߩ᷹ቯ
11:10-11:30
㋈ᧁ ೰ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹࡮D2㧔ፉ㊁⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-04 㜞ኒᐲബ⿠ඨዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚ሶ࡮ᱜሹ♽ߩ⋧ォ⒖࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬ
11:30-11:50
ቬ↰ દℂ਽ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔↰ਛ࡮ᄢ⍫⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-05 ᒝ⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ GaMnAs ㊂ሶ੗ᚭੑ㊀㓚ო᭴ㅧߦ߅ߌࠆ౒㡆࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ಽశᴺࠍ↪޿ߚࡈࠚ࡞ࡒḰ૏ߩ᷹ⷰ
11:50-12:10
ട࿾ ᒄ᮸ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ࡃࠗࠝࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣኾ᡹࡮M2㧔↰⇌⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-06 ࡃࠗࠝࡒࡀ࡜࡝࠯࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࠽ࡁࠬࡇࡦ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ᧚ᢱߩ૞⵾ߣߘߩ‛ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ
12:10-13:00
ᤤ㘩
ࡐࠬ࠲࡯࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 㧔13㧦00-14㧦30㧕
࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 2 㧔14㧦30-15㧦50㧕
14:30-14:50
ᐳ㐳㧦 ፉ㊁ ੫ 㧔ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ಎᢎ᝼㧕
⇗ጊ ୃ৻ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ࡃࠗࠝࠛࡦࠫ࠾ࠕ࡝ࡦࠣኾ᡹࡮M2㧔㜞ᯅ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-07 ⿥વዉォ⒖┵࠮ࡦࠨࠍ↪޿ߚ⎬ X ✢㨯Ȗ ✢ࠬࡍࠢ࠻ࡠࡔ࡯࠲ߩ㐿⊒
14:50-15:10
㊀᧻ ࿻ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔㐳⼱Ꮉ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-08 㕙ౝ⇣ᣇ⊛ᩰሶᱡߺࠍฃߌߚࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ࡑࡦࠟࡦ㉄ൻ‛⭯⤑ߦኻߔࠆ࡞࠹࠾࠙ࡓ⟎឵ലᨐ
15:10-15:30
ᐔ↰ ୶໪ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮D3㧔㣮㊁↰⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-09 ⾰㊂࠯ࡠߩ㔚ሶ߇߅ࠅߥߔ․⇣ߥ⏛႐ᔕ╵ߣኻ⒓ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ᦭ᯏ‛⚿᥏ࠍ߽ߜ޿ߚᩭ⏛᳇౒㡆⎇ⓥ
15:30-15:50
ਛ᧛ 㗼 ㄘቇ↢๮⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪↢๮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮․છഥᢎ㧔㘩ຠᎿቇ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-10 ᒝ⏛႐೑↪ߦࠃࠆ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰⚿᥏㜞ຠ⾰ൻߩ⹜ߺ
79
79
15:50-16:10
ભᙑ
࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ 3 㧔16㧦10-17㧦30㧕
16:10-16:30
ᐳ㐳㧦 㣮㊁↰ ৻ม 㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᢎ᝼㧕
૒⮮ ᄢテ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹࡮D3㧔⑔ጊ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-11 2 ᰴరᐔ㕙ߦ᧤❈ߒߚࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ 3 ߪᶧൻߔࠆ߆㧫
16:30-16:50
⩆㊁ ᜏ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪ൻቇኾ᡹࡮ഥᢎ㧔ጯየ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-12 ෘ޿ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢጀࠍ᦭ߔࠆጀ⁁㋕࠾ࠢ࠲ࠗ࠼ߩൻቇ⚵ᚑߣ⿥વዉ․ᕈ
16:50-17:10
ዊႦ ⵨੺ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮ഥᢎ㧔Ꮉፒ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-13 MgZnO/ZnO ࡋ࠹ࡠ⇇㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞⒖േᐲੑᰴర㔚ሶࠟࠬߩ㊂ሶࡎ࡯࡞⁁ᘒ
17:10-17:30
ᨋ ⒤᥏ NTT ‛ᕈ⑼ቇၮ␆⎇ⓥᚲ࡮␠ຬ㧔Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇㔚ሶᎿቇኾ᡹࡮ᨴ⼱࡮㑐⼱⎇ⓥቶ㧕
O-14 ࡍࡦ࠲࠮ࡦ᦭ᯏ⭯⤑࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆࠥ࡯࠻⛘✼૕⇇㕙࠻࡜࠶ࡊߩ⎇ⓥ
ᛛⴚ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ㧔17㧦30-17㧦45㧕
17:30-17:45
ᚭ↰ ੫ ᐳ㐳㧦ᦺశ ᢕ 㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ಎᢎ᝼㧕
ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ
O-15 ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷⚫੺
17:45-17:55
18:00-20:00
19:00-
߅ࠊࠅߦ
⑔ጊ ኡ 㧔ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㐳㧕
ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯೑↪⠪ᙣ⺣ળ ࠕࡢ࡯࠼᝼⾨ᑼ
80
80
ળ႐: ዊᩊࡎ࡯࡞ ࡎࡢࠗࠛ
ࡐࠬ࠲࡯৻ⷩ 㧔13㧦00-14㧦30㧕
P-01 ↰ਛ ⵨਽ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ᔕ↪ൻቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔ጯየ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
㜞᷷὾⚿ ex-situ ᴺߦࠃࠆ MgB2 ⿥વዉࡃ࡞ࠢ૕ߩ૞⵾ߣ⥃⇇㔚ᵹ․ᕈ
P-02 ࡟ ࠺࠘࠶ࠢ ࠕࠗࡦ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹࡮M1㧔↰ਛ࡮ᄢ⍫⎇ⓥቶ㧕
n ဳᒝ⏛ᕈඨዉ૕(In,Fe)As ߩᚑ㐳ߣ‛ᕈ
P-03 ઻ ⧐␭ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹࡮D3㧔↰ਛ࡮ᄢ⍫⎇ⓥቶ㧕
IV ᣖᒝ⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ GeFe ߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣Ᏹࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐߣࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ⺃⿠ᒝ⏛ᕈߩᬌ⸽
P-04 ૒⮮ ᓆ৻ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔↰ਛ࡮ᄢ⍫⎇ⓥቶ㧕
⏛ᕈ૕㔚ᭂࠍᜬߟඨዉ૕࠺ࡃࠗࠬߩ⏛᳇વዉ․ᕈ
P-05 ⷏Ꮉ ື㇢ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔㣮㊁↰⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ਛᕈ́ࠗࠝࡦᕈォ⒖‛⾰ TTF-CA ߩ࿶ജਅࠬࡇࡦ⁁ᘒ
P-06 ┻ේ 㒺੺ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔㣮㊁↰⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ਛᕈ㧙ࠗࠝࡦᕈォ⒖‛⾰ TTF-CA ߩ NI ࠢࡠࠬࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚᳇વዉᯏ᭴ߩ⎇ⓥ
P-07 ⍹Ꮉ ᕶᐔ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔㣮㊁↰⎇ⓥቶ㧕
᦭ᯏዉ૕α-(ET)2I3 ߩ࿶ജਅ࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࠢ㔚ሶ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆ 13C NMR ᷹ቯ
P-08 ᧖ጊ ৻↢ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮✚ว⎇ⓥᯏ᭴࡮M2㧔ᐞේ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
NiO න⚿᥏⭯⤑ߦ߅ߌࠆዪᚲ⏛ᕈ
P-09 ┻ౝ ⵨♿ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M1㧔ጤ૒⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ࡈ࡜࡯࡟ࡦ⿥વዉ૕ߩᲧᾲ
P-10 ᒛ ᅂഹ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M1㧔ጤ૒⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ੑ⎫ൻࡕ࡝ࡉ࠺ࡦࠍ↪޿ߚ㔚᳇ੑ㊀ጀ࠻࡜ࡦࠫࠬ࠲
P-11 Joseph Falson Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔Ꮉፒ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
MgZnO/ZnO ࡋ࠹ࡠធวߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐ੑᰴరࠠࡖ࡝ࠕ࡯ߩ᦭ല⾰㊂⸃ᨆ
P-12 Ⴆፒ ᢕ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㒝ዻ㊂ሶ⋧ࠛ࡟ࠢ࠻ࡠ࠾ࠢࠬ⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮․છ⻠Ꮷ㧔Ⴆፒ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
Co ᷝട ZnO ♽ࡋ࠹ࡠ᭴ㅧߦ߅ߌࠆ⇣Ᏹࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐߩ᷹ⷰ
P-13 ㊄੗ ᐽ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮D2㧔ᮻ⨥࡮ᄢጤ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
⥄Ꮖᒻᚑ InAs ㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ g-࠹ࡦ࠰࡞ߩ㔚᳇⊛೙ᓮ
P-14 ᄢႦ ᦮ᑝ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮․છ⎇ⓥຬ㧔ᮻ⨥࡮ᄢጤ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ඨዉ૕㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ਛߩන৻ࠬࡇࡦᠲ૞ߩ㜞ㅦൻ
P-15 ⮮↰ 㜞ผ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔ᮻ⨥࡮ᄢጤ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
2 ㊀㊂ሶ࠼࠶࠻ߢߩන৻శബ⿠㔚ሶߩ࠼࠶࠻㑆࠻ࡦࡀ࡝ࡦࠣᬌ಴
81
81
P-16 ศ⷗ 㦖ᄥ㇢ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂᎿቇኾ᡹࡮M1㧔චୖ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
PLD ᴺߦࠃࠆ Bi2Se3 න⚿᥏⭯⤑ߩ૞⵾ߣࠠࡖ࡝ࡗ࡯೙ᓮ
P-17 Raphael Jan Bindel ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹࡮⎇ⓥຬ㧔⑔ጊ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
Towards the Band Gap Opening in Graphene
P-18 የፒ ੳ੫ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮M2㧔ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ㧕
㓸Ⓧဳࠦࡃ࡞࠻-ࠝࠢ࠲ࠪࠕࡁ࠲ࡦࠣࠬ࠹ࡦ㊄ዻ㍲૕ߩశ⏛ᕈ⃻⽎
P-19 ਛᎹ ᐘ␭ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮D2㧔ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ㧕
ࡊ࡞ࠪࠕࡦࡉ࡞࡯㘃ૃ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ࡊࡠ࠻ࡦવዉߩ᷹ⷰ
P-20 ▫ᳯ ผศ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮ൻቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔ᄢ⿧⎇ⓥቶ㧕
࡜ࡓ࠳ဳ੖㉄ൻਃ࠴࠲ࡦߦ߅ߌࠆశนㅒ㊄ዻ̆ඨዉ૕ォ⒖
P-21 㑐ේ ⾆ਯ ℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮‛ℂቇኾ᡹࡮D1㧔ጟᧄ⎇ⓥቶ㧕
GaAs എ㐿⴫㕙਄ߦᒻᚑߒߚ㊄ዻ⿥⭯⤑ߩ⿥વዉ
P-22 ᪀ේ ⋥ਯ ⮎ቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮Ⱞ⊕᭴ㅧ↢‛ቇᢎቶ࡮․છഥᢎ
❫⛽ൻ∔ᖚᴦ≮ߦะߌߚᩭౝ࡟࠮ࡊ࠲࡯࡝ࠟࡦ࠼ߩഃ⵾ߣߘߩⶄว૕ߩ᭴ㅧ⑼ቇ⊛⸃᣿
㧙ᶧ૕⓸⚛᷷ᐲߣቶ᷷ߢ᷹ቯߐࠇߚ᭴ㅧࠍ߽ߣߦ㧙
P-23 㒙ㇱ ⟤⃍ ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ᛛⴚ⡯ຬ
ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ኙ೷ଏ⛎ᬺോ
P-24 ⑺ጊ ੌᄥ Ꮏቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㔚᳇♽Ꮏቇኾ᡹࡮D3㧔↰ਛ࡮ᄢ⍫⎇ⓥቶ㧕
Ge(111)ၮ᧼਄ Ge1-xMnx ⏛ᕈඨዉ૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ᭴ㅧߣ⏛ᕈ: ᭴ㅧ⊛ဋ৻ᕈߣਇဋ৻ᕈߩᓇ㗀
82
82
Ᏻ඲ㅮ⩦఍ ሗ࿌
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲ࡛ᐃࡵࡿ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ➨୍✀〇㐀⪅ࡀ⾜࠺㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳᩍ⫱ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊప ࢭ
ࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣᮏ㒓ᆅ༊࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫෆ࡛ᙜࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ౪⤥ࡍࡿᐮ๣ࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺⪅(Ꮫ⏕ࠊ◊✲ဨࠊᩍ⫋
ဨࠊ༠ຊ఍♫♫ဨ)ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠕప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ᏻ඲ㅮ⩦఍ࠖࢆẖᖺᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢㅮ⩦ෆᐜࢆ⾲
1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾ࠊㅮ⩦఍㈨ᩱࡣప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘࡣࠊ᫓ᮇࡢ ᅇ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ึࡵ࡚⛅ᮇ࡟ࡶ ᅇ⾜࠸ࠊィ ᅇ㛤ദࡋࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ᩘࡢྜ
ィࡣ᫖ᖺᗘ࡜ྠ⛬ᗘࡔࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ᪥⛬ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀᗈࡀࡗࡓศࠊཧຍ⪅ࡢ฼౽ᛶࡣୖࡀࡗࡓ࡜⪃
࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣ࿌▱᪉ἲࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾཧຍ⪅ᩘࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
⾲ 1 Ᏻ඲ㅮ⩦఍ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜ෆᐜ
ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
୺࡞ෆᐜ
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲ࡜
┠ⓗࠊ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࡢᐃ⩏ࠊつไ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᑐ㇟
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࡢᏳ඲࡞
஦ᨾ⤫ィࠊᐮ๣࡞࡝㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ
ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸
ᐜჾࡸᶵჾࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸᪉ἲ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ฼
࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ⤂௓ࠊ฼⏝ࡢᡭ
⏝᪉ἲ
ᘬࡁ(ᐮ๣⦅)⤂௓
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ➼ࡢ⟶⌮
ᮾி኱Ꮫ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ➼⟶⌮つ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
⛬࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃㅮ⩦
ᅗ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ➨ ᅇᏳ඲ㅮ⩦఍㢼ᬒ
᪊Ṋ⏣ඛ➃▱ࣅࣝෆṊ⏣࣮࣍ࣝࠋ
ᅗ ࠥ ࡣࠊ ᭶ ᪥࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ➨ ᅇᏳ඲ㅮ⩦఍ཧຍ⪅ᩘ ྡࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᅇ⟅ᩘ ྡ
ࡢ㝿ࡢཷㅮ⪅࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢ㞟ィ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱ከᩘࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡀෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᫬㛫ࡢ㛗ࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡶ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࡀࠊ௨ୗ࡟ᢤ⢋ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ពぢせᮃࡶᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
௒ᚋࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡟ά࠿ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
z ࠕ㧗ᅽ࣎ࣥ࣋ࡣᅽࡀ㸮࡟࡞ࡿ๓࡟஺᥮ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡼࡃ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊỴࡲ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࠖ
z ࠕ୍⯡ⓗ࡞▱㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᗈࡃ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊⰋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋㅮ⩦఍ሙࡶ㐺ษ࡛⏬㠃ࡀぢ
ࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠋࠖ
z ࠕ⏦ࡋヂ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡡࡴࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛༗ᚋࡍࡄࡢ᫬㛫ࢆࡉࡅ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࡢ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇࠋࠖ
z ࠕ࣎ࣥ࣋ࡢᅽຊィࡢྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࢆᐇ㝿࡟ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠋࠖ
83
83
Ꮫ㒊⏕
ಟኈ
༤ኈ
◊✲ဨ
ᩍဨ
䛭䛾௚
ᢏ⾡⣔⫋ဨ
12
87
97
13
15
22 18
ᅗ ཧຍ⪅ࡢ㌟ศ
ᅗ ㅮ⩦ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿឤ᝿
ᅗ ㅮ⩦᫬㛫࡟㛵ࡍࡿឤ᝿
ཧຍ⪅࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡼࡾ
ཧຍ⪅࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡼࡾ
84
84
ᢏ⾡ࣀ࣮ࢺ
ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢタᐃ᮲௳࡜⢭〇࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ඹྠ฼⏝㒊㛛 ࠊప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛 ᡞ⏣ு ࠊຍⱱ⏤㈗ ࠊ㜿㒊⨾⋹ ⫼ᬒ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࠊᐮ๣࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ⵨Ⓨࡋࡓ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࢆᅇ཰ࠊ෌ᾮ໬ࡋࠊ౪⤥ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࡢ౪⤥ࢆᏳᐃࡋ࡚⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᾮ໬⿦⨨ࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚✌ാࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᾮ໬⿦⨨࡛ࡣࠊ᫬㛫࠶ࡓࡾࡢᾮ໬㔞㸦ᾮ໬ຠ⋡㸧ࡀ᪥ࠎ኱ࡁࡃኚືࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢺࣛࣈ
ࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయෆ࡟୙⣧≀ࡀ┦ᙜ㔞ΰධࡋࠊ㓄⟶ࡢ㒊ศⓗ࡞㛢ሰࡀ㉳ࡇ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᾮ໬ᶵᮏయෆࡢ ᗘࡣ㐠㌿ࢆ೵Ṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿኪ㛫ࡢ㛫࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࠊ
㓄⟶ቨ࡟ᅛ╔ࡋࡓ୙⣧≀ࡣ୍᪦Ẽ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛢ሰලྜࡀኚࢃࡾࠊᾮ໬ຠ⋡ࡀኚືࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋᾮ໬ᶵᮏయෆ࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ୙⣧≀ࡣࠊ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ㸦᪼ ┿✵ᘬ
ࡁ㸧࡛㝖ཤࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏᖺᗘ ᭶࡟ࡣࠊ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ 㐌㛫⛬ᗘ࡜࠸࠺㠀ᖖ࡟▷࠸
ᮇ㛫࡛ྠࡌ≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ
ᅇ཰ࡋࡓ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫ࡟ࡣࠊ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ᐜჾࡢ㛤ᨺࠊᅇ཰⣔ࡢẼᐦᛶࡢపୗࠊ᧯స࣑ࢫ࡞࡝࡟ࡼ
ࡾΰධࡋࡓᑡ㔞ࡢ୙⣧≀ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୙⣧≀ࡀᾮ໬㐠㌿ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊᅇ཰࢞
ࢫࢆᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ๓࡟ࡣ୙⣧≀ࡢ㝖ཤ㸦⢭〇㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᾮ໬⿦⨨࡟ࡣࠊᅇ཰
࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡓࡵࡢෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡀഛ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀṇᖖ࡟✌ാࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊ
ᅇ཰࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀ࡣᾮ໬ᶵᮏయෆ࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝౵ධࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ࠎࡢᾮ໬ຠ⋡ࡢኚື࠿ࡽࡣࠊෆ㒊
⢭〇ჾࡀṇᖖ࡟ാ࠿ࡎࠊᅇ཰࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀ࢆ༑ศ࡟ྲྀࡾษࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ
࡛ࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ṇᖖ࡟୙⣧≀ࡀྲྀࡾ㝖࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ศᯒ⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚☜࠿ࡵࠊᚲせ࡟ᛂ
ࡌ࡚ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡛⢭〇ࡉࢀࡓ࢞ࢫࡢ୙⣧
≀⃰ᗘࢆศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜ࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳ㄪᩚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ
ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢືస
ᅗ ࡟ࠊᾮ໬⿦⨨/LQGH/ࡢෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ㒊ศࡢࣇ࣮ࣟᅗࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗ ୰࡟㉥Ⰽ࡛♧ࡋࡓ㓄
⟶ࡀࠊ⢭〇ࡉࢀࡿ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡀ㏻ࡿ㓄⟶࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ㐠㌿≧ែ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࡟⢭〇ࢆ⾜
࠺⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻࡢ௚࡟ࠊ⢭〇ჾࢆ᪼ ࡋ࡚⢭〇ჾ୰࡟⵳✚ࡋࡓᅛయ୙⣧≀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻࠊ
ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊẼ໬ࡋ࡚⢭〇ჾ࡟ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୙⣧≀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࣃ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣔࢻࠊ⢭〇ჾࢆ⢭〇࡟ᚲせ࡞
ᗘࡲ࡛෭༷ࡍࡿ෭༷࣮ࣔࢻࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ⢭〇ჾࡢ≧ែ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚⮬ືⓗ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣࠊ㧗ᅽ࡛㈓ⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅇ཰࢞ࢫࢆ㐺ษ࡞ ᗘ㸦ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ ᗘࡣ 7, ࠾
ࡼࡧ 7, ࡛ࣔࢽࢱ࣮㸧࡟෭༷ࡉࢀࡓෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡟ᑟධࡋ࡚⢭〇ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ෭༷ࡣࠊ
ᅗ ୰࡟㟷Ⰽ࡛♧ࡋࡓෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ෭༷⏝㓄⟶࡟ࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿప ࡢ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞
ࢫࢆὶࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ෭༷ຊࡣ⢭〇ჾ෭༷ࣂࣝࣈ&9ࡢ㛤ᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿࠋ⢭〇ჾ
ࢆ㐺ษ࡞ ᗘ࡟⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀㸦୺࡜ࡋ࡚✵Ẽ㸧ࡣᾮయ✵Ẽ㈓ᵴ࡟ศ㞳ࡉ
ࢀࠊ኱Ẽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿࠋᾮయ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ㞳࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓᚤ㔞ࡢ୙⣧≀ࡣࠊ⢭〇ჾࡢ෭➃㒊ศ㸦ᅗ ୰
࡟⥳ሬࡾ࡛♧ࡋࡓ⇕஺᥮ჾࡢ࠺ࡕྑ➃ࡢࡶࡢ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡢ㓄⟶ቨ࡟㡰ḟᅛ╔ࡍࡿࠋ⢭〇ჾࡢືసࡀ㐺
85
85
ᾮ໬ᶵᐊ 㧗ᅽഃ
ᾮ໬ᶵపᅽഃ
ᾮ໬ᶵప 㧗ᅽഃ
ᅽ⦰䠄ᾮ໬⏝䠅
PV3435
PI : ᅽຊィ
TI : ᗘィ
CV: 䝞䝹䝤
PV: 䝞䝹䝤
HE: ⇕஺᥮ჾ
䝞䜲䝟䝇䝷䜲䞁
CV3430
CV3420
䜺䝇䝩䝹䝎䞊
ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ
෭༷⏝㓄⟶
H
E
ศᯒィ
ᅇ཰䜺䝇
䠄పᅽ䠅
H
E
TI3465
H
E
H
E
PV3410
ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ
TI3475
PI3445
䝠䞊䝍䞊
ᅽ⦰䠄ᅇ཰⏝䠅
ᅇ཰䜺䝇䠄㧗ᅽ䠅
PI3401
PV3415 ᾮయ✵Ẽ
CV3401
ᅗ 1: ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ㓄⟶ᅗ
ษ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ෭➃㒊ࢆ㏻ࡾ㐣ࡂࡓẼయࡣ⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟⢭〇ჾฟཱྀᘚ
&9ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ㸦ᐊ 㧗ᅽഃ㸧࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡿࠋ
⢭〇ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࠊ⢭〇ჾෆࡢ㓄⟶࡟୙⣧≀ࡀ⵳✚ࡋࠊ⢭〇ຠ⋡ࡀపୗࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ୙⣧≀ࡀ
⵳✚ࡍࡿ࡜ධཱྀ࡜ෆ㒊ࡢᕪᅽ㸦ᅽຊࡣ 3, ࡜ 3, ࡛ࣔࢽࢱ࣮㸧ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡀ
タᐃ್௨ୖ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ㐠㌿࣮ࣔࢻࡣ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡬࡜⛣ࡾኚࢃࡿࠋ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ
࡛ࡣࠊ⢭〇ჾ෭༷ࣂࣝࣈ&9ࠊᅇ཰࢞ࢫᑟධࣂࣝࣈ&9ࢆ㛢ࡌࠊ⢭〇ჾࢆᬮࡵ࡚⢭〇ჾ
ෆ࡟ᅛ╔ࡋࡓ୙⣧≀ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࠋ⣔ࡢ᪼ ࡣࠊඛ࡯࡝࡜ࡣ㏫࡟ࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽᐊ ࡢ⣧࣊ࣜ
࣒࢘࢞ࢫࢆ⢭〇ჾෆ࡟ὶࡍࡇ࡜࡛⾜࠺ࠋຠ⋡ࡼࡃᬮࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊప 㒊࡟ࡣࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡀഛ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽࡢ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ⢭〇ჾ୰ࡢࡁࢀ࠸࡞㒊ศ㸦ฟཱྀഃ㸧ࢆ㏻ࡗࡓ࢞
ࢫࡣࣂ࢖ࣃࢫᘚ39ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࡬ᡠࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣຠ⋡ࡼࡃ᪼ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ
࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍㒊ࡣ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬ࡢฟཱྀᘚ39ࢆ㏻ࡾࠊ෌ᗘᅇ཰࢞ࢫ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ⢭
〇ჾ࠿ࡽẼ໬ࡋࡓ୙⣧≀ࢆྵࡴ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡀᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ࡟ධࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺⢭〇ჾ࠿ࡽᢲࡋฟࡍࡓ
ࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞࢞ࢫὶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⢭〇ჾࡢ ᗘࡀ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ᗘ㸦୙⣧≀ࡀ༑ศẼ໬ࡍ
ࡿ ᗘ㸧ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࡽ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻࡣ⤊஢ࡋࠊࣃ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣔࢻ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡍࡿࠋࣃ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣࠊ
39 ࢆ㛢ࡌࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬࡜⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࢆὶࡋࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡟ṧࡗࡓ
࢞ࢫࢆ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬࡜ᢲࡋὶࡍࠋࣃ࣮ࢪࡣ ⛊ᣢ⥆ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡣ⮬ືⓗ࡟෭༷࣮ࣔࢻ࡬࡜⛣⾜
ࡍࡿࠋ෭༷࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣ &9 ࢆ㛤࠸࡚⢭〇ჾࢆ෭༷ࡍࡿࠋ&9 ࢆ㏻ࡿ෭༷࢞ࢫ࡛ࡣ⇕஺᥮ჾ
ࡋ࠿෭ࡸࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⣔඲యࢆ෭༷ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚⣧࣊
࣒ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࢆὶࡍࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ&9ࠊ39 ࡣ㛤࠸ࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ༑ศ࡟⢭
〇ჾࡀ෭༷ࡉࢀࡓࡽࠊ39 ࢆ㛢ࡌࠊ⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࠋᾮ໬㐠㌿୰ࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ
86
86
ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࠊᾮ໬ࡢཎᩱ࡜࡞ࡿᅇ཰࢞ࢫࡢ⢭〇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ศᯒ᪉ἲ
⢭〇࢞ࢫࡢᡂศศᯒ࡟ࡣࠊ≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤ࣭ప ᾮ໬ᐊࡢഛရ࡛࠶ࡿ /LQGH0XOWL&RPSRQHQW
'HWHFWRU:('0ࢆ೉⏝ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢศᯒჾ࡛ࡣࠊ஺ὶᨺ㟁࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢞ࢫศᏊࢆບ㉳ࡋࠊ
ບ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ࢞ࢫࡢⓎගᨺᑕࡢἼ㛗࡜ᙉᗘࢆほ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠋ࢞ࢫศᏊ࡟
≉᭷ࡢᨺᑕࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵศᯒྍ⬟࡞࢞ࢫศᏊࡢ✀㢮ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᾮ໬ᶵࡢࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟
┤᥋᥋⥆ࡋࠊ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀࡓ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࢆࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒࡟ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᐃ࡟ᚲせ࡞࢞ࢫࡢὶ㔞ࡣ /K ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡣࠊᅗ ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢฟཱྀ࡟
࠶ࡿ࣏࣮ࢺ࠿ࡽ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࢆศᯒჾ࡟ᑟධࡋࠊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
⢭〇᮲௳࡜⢭〇࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘ
200
3
ᚑ᮶ࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐠㌿≧ែ࡜ࠊ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ୙⣧≀
⢭〇
P
࠾ࡼࡧ 3, ࡀ 03D⛬ᗘ௨ୖࡢᅽຊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
ࡇࢁࡀ⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⢭〇ࡢࡣࡌࡵ࡟ SSP ᙅ⛬ᗘ
T (K)
ࡀ . ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ&9 ࡀ㛤ࡁࠊ3,
100
T
෭༷
PI3401
PI3445
2
P (MPa)
⃰ᗘࢆᅗ ࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ⢭〇᫬ࡢ෭༷ὶࡣࠊ෭➃ ᗘ 7,
෌⏕
TI3465
TI3475
1
㸦ᅗ୰ $㸧ࠊᐃᖖ≧ែ࡛ SSP ๓ᚋ㸦ᅗ୰ %㸧ࡢ 1 ୙⣧≀
ࡀ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ⢭〇㛤ጞ᫬ࡣࠊᅇ཰࢞ࢫࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⢭
ࢀࠊ෭➃ ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ$ ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀጞࡲࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ὀ
┠ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡃࡿ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠊ෭➃ ᗘࡣࡲ
ࡔ . ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ෭➃ ᗘࢆᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ . ௨ୗ࡟ಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊࡇ
ࡢ୙⣧≀ὶධࢆ㜵ࡄࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋᐃ
ᖖ≧ែ࡛ࡣ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࡣⴠࡕ╔ࡃࡀ㸦ᅗ୰ %㸧ࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏ
య࠿ࡽࡁࢀ࠸࡞࢞ࢫࡀὶࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ㸦ᅗ୰ (㸧࡟ẚ
࡭ࡿ࡜୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳࡛
ࡣࠊᐃᖖ≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୙⣧≀ࢆ᏶඲࡟ྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ᚲ
Impurity (ppm)
୰ࡢタᐃ ᗘࡼࡾప࠸≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୍ᗘ෭༷ᘚࡣ⤠ࡽ
Valve (%)
〇ჾࡢ⇕㈇Ⲵࡀᛴ࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿࡀࠊ෭➃ ᗘ 7, ࡣ⢭〇
0
100
0
50
CV3430
CV3401
CV3420
0
40
H2O
N2
30
20
A
B
C
D
E
10
0
100
110
120
t (min.)
130
140
ᅗ 2: ᚑ᮶タᐃ䛷䛾㐠㌿
せ࡞ ᗘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࠿ࡽ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࡋࡓ┤ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ ᐃィࡀ᣺ࡾษࢀࡿ࡯࡝ከ㔞ࡢ୙⣧≀ࡀ᳨
ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ୰ &㸧
ࠋࡇࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣࠊ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࠊ୍ᗘ㛢ࡌࡓ &9 ࡀ෌ࡧ㛤
࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㛤ࡃࣂ࢖ࣃࢫ 39 ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ᾮ
໬ᶵᮏయ㸦పᅽഃ㸧࡟୙⣧≀ࡀὶࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀᾮ໬⏝ࡢᅽ⦰ᶵ࡛ᅽ⦰ࡉࢀ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయࡢ㧗ᅽഃ࡬
⛣ືࡋࠊ&9 ࡀ㛤࠸ࡓᚋࠊ&9 ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⢭〇ჾഃ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ศᯒィ࡟ධࡿࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡛ࡣࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ㸦㧗ᅽഃ㸧࠿ࡽ &9 ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⢭〇ჾഃ࡟⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡀὶ
ࢀࡿࡢࡀᐃᖖ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡟⛣ࡾኚࢃࡗࡓ┤ᚋࡣࠊ⢭〇ჾධཱྀ࠾ࡼࡧ⢭〇ჾ
ෆࡢᅽຊ3,3,ࡀᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ㧗ᅽഃࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⢭〇࢞ࢫࡣࠊ39 ࡢศᒱࡼࡾ
⢭〇ჾฟཱྀഃࡢࡶࡢࡶࠊ⢭〇ჾࡢධཱྀ࡟㏆࠸ഃࡢࡶࡢࡶ 39 ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࡟ὶࢀࡿࠋ
87
87
39 ࡣ෭➃㒊ࡼࡾࡶฟཱྀഃ࡟࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⢭〇ჾࡀ༑ศ
200
ၥ㢟ࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ⢭〇ჾෆࡢᅽຊࡀୗࡀ
3
P
࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡼࡾࡶ᪩ࡃ⢭〇ჾࡢ෭➃ ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࡑࡢ᮲௳ࡣ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ෭➃ ᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ
T (K)
ࡗ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽ⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡀὶࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࢱ
100
T
PI3401
PI3445
2
P (MPa)
ప ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑࡢ࢞ࢫࡣ⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ
TI3465
TI3475
1
⢭〇ჾෆࡢ㓄⟶࡟ᅛ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ୙⣧≀ࡀ୍㒊Ẽ໬ࡋࠊᾮ
໬ᶵᮏయഃ࡟ὶධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡢタᐃኚ᭦ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ $ ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣ
࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓ⢭〇୰ࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘ㸦ᅗ୰ %㸧ࡣ෭༷୰
ࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘ㸦ᅗ୰ (㸧࡜࡯ࡰኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸Ỉ‽࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡇࡢ ᗘタᐃ࡛㐠㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ༑ศ࡟
୙⣧≀ࢆ㝖ཤ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࠿
ࡽ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡿ㝿࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ & ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡶ࡯
ࡰࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⢭〇࠿ࡽ෌⏕࡟ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࠊ
෭༷ᘚࡀ㛢ࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡶࠊึᮇ ᗘࡀ௨๓࡟ẚ࡭࡚ప࠸ࡓ
ࡵࠊ⢭〇ჾෆࡢ࢞ࢫᅽࡀୗࡀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔ࡟Ẽ໬ࡋ࡚
Impurity (ppm)
ࢆୗࡆࠊ. ࡜ࡋ࡚㐠㌿ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇ
Valve (%)
ࡇࢀࡽࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⢭〇୰ࡢ 7, ࡢ┠ᶆ್
0
100
0
50
0
40
30
20
CV3430
CV3401
CV3420
H2O
N2
A B
10
0
200
C
220
t (min.)
D
E
240
ᅗ 3: TI3475=12K 䛷㐠㌿
ὶධࡍࡿ୙⣧≀㔞ࡀῶࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
෌⏕୰࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓࣆ࣮ࢡ㸦ᅗ୰ '㸧ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢタᐃࡢሙྜࡼࡾࡶ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㛫ࠊ⢭
〇ჾࡢ෭➃ ᗘ 7, ࡀ೵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⢭〇ჾෆࡣࠊࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡸ࢞ࢫὶࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⇕࡜
㓄⟶࡟ᅛ╔ࡋࡓ୙⣧≀ࡢẼ໬⇕࡜ࡀࣂࣛࣥࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⢭〇ჾෆ࡟
⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓ୙⣧≀ࡣ෌⏕୰࡟㡰ḟẼ໬ࡋࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࠿ࡽࡢ⣧࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝ
ࢲ࣮ഃ࡬࡜ᢲࡋὶࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୙⣧≀ࡢ⵨Ⓨ㔞ࡀከ࠸ሙྜࠊࡇࢀࢆᢲࡋὶࡍࡓࡵࡢ㢼㔞ࡀ
㊊ࡾࡎࠊ୙⣧≀ࡀ 39 ഃ࡟㏫ὶࡋ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ࡟ὶධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⢭〇୰࡟ὶධࡍࡿ୙⣧≀㔞ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࠊ⢭〇ჾ୰࡟⵳✚ࡉࢀࡿ
୙⣧≀ࡀቑຍࡋࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚෌⏕୰ࡢ㢼㔞ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ
ࢀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ෌⏕᫬ࡢ⢭〇ჾࡢෆ㒊ᅽຊࡢ┠ᶆ್ࢆྍ⬟࡞ࡔࡅᘬࡁୖࡆࠊᢲࡋฟࡋ⏝ࡢ㢼
㔞ࢆୖࡆࡿヨࡳࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࠶ࡲࡾኚ໬ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ࡢ෌⏕㏿ᗘࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࡲࡲࠊẼ໬
ࡋࡓ୙⣧≀ࢆࡍ࡭࡚ᅇ཰࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮ഃ࡟ᢲࡋ㎸ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡬ྥ࠿࠺ฟཱྀࡢ࢖ࣥ
ࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫࢆୗࡆࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
௒ᅇヨࡋࡓ⢭〇ჾ෭➃㒊ࡢ ᗘタᐃ . ࡣࠊ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡢᶆ‽௙ᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ . ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㠀
ᖖ࡟ప࠸ ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⢭〇ჾࡢ⇕㈇Ⲵࡀᑠࡉ࠸෭༷᫬࡟ࡣࠊ෭➃ ᗘࡣ . ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ᖖ࡟ప
࠸ ᗘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ௚ࡢ᪋タ࡟⣡ධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྠᆺࡢᾮ໬⿦⨨࡜ẚ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ప࠸ࠋࡇ
ࡢ஦ᐇ࠿ࡽࠊࡇࢀࡣ ᗘタᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡢ௙ᵝࡀ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᮏࢭࣥࢱ࣮
࡟⣡ධࡉࢀࡓᾮ໬⿦⨨࡟௜࠸࡚࠸ࡿ ᗘィࡢ㍑ṇࡀࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢཎᅉ࡛ࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜᥎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᾮ໬ᶵᮏయࠊෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ┿✵ᘬࡁࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸タᐃ࡛ෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࢆ㐠
88
88
㌿ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ ࣨ᭶⛬ᗘࡀ⤒㐣ࡋࡓᚋࡢ㐠㌿
200
3
ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾮ໬ᶵࡣⰋዲ࡞㐠㌿≧ἣࢆಖࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
P
ࡁ࡞ࡋ࡛㐠㌿ࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᅗ
࡛♧ࡋࡓ㐠㌿᫬࡜ ᗘタᐃࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⢭〇㔞ࢆ
T (K)
ࡇࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡼࡾ᭱኱࡛ ࣨ᭶⛬ᗘࠊᾮ໬ᶵࡢ᪼ ┿✵ᘬ
100
T
PI3401
PI3445
2
P (MPa)
ᾮ໬ຠ⋡ࡀ᪥ࠎኚືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡶ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
TI3465
TI3475
1
ቑຍࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊᅇ཰࢞ࢫᑟධࣂࣝࣈ&9ࡢ㛤ᗘࡀ
ኚ᭦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᙳ㡪࠿ &' ࡢ఩⨨࡟⌧ࢀࡿࣆ࣮ࢡ
ჾෆࡢᅽຊࡀୗࡀࡿࡲ࡛෭༷ࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ኚ᭦
ࢆ⾜࠺࡜ࡼࡾࡼ࠸≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ' ࡢ୙
⣧≀ὶධࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟ྥ࠿࠺ᘚࡢ
࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫࢆࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃࡋࠊ࢞ࢫὶࢆቑࡸࡍࠊ෌⏕
୰ࡢࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࢆᙅࡵ୙⣧≀ࡢ⵨Ⓨ㏿ᗘࢆᢚ࠼ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ
᪉ἲࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ⣧࢞ࢫࢆࡼࡾከࡃ࢞ࢫ࣍ࣝࢲ࣮࡟
ὶࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠊ෌⏕᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾᐇຠⓗ
Impurity (ppm)
ධࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡓࡵࠊ෌⏕࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ⢭〇
Valve (%)
ࡣࡸࡸ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ& ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࡢ୙⣧≀ὶ
0
100
0
50
0
40
30
20
10
0
CV3430
CV3401
CV3420
H2O
N2
A
200
࡞⢭〇ຠ⋡ࢆⴠ࡜ࡍࡓࡵࠊᾮ໬⿦⨨඲యࡢ㐠㌿ࡀ࣋ࢫࢺ
࡞≧ែ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺್ࢆỴࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ࠿ࡢヨ⾜
B
C D E
220 240
t (min.)
260
ᅗ 4: 䝯䞁䝔䝘䞁䝇䛛䜙 1 䞄᭶ᚋ
䛾㐠㌿≧ἣ
㘒ㄗࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲ࡜ࡵ
௒ᅇࠊᅇ཰࢞ࢫࢆ⢭〇ࡍࡿෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡢ㐠㌿≧ែࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ/LQGH0XOWL&RPSRQHQW
'HWHFWRU:('0ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⢭〇࢞ࢫࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡋࡓࠋᚑ᮶ࡢ㐠㌿᮲௳࡛ࡣ⢭〇᫬
ࡢ ᗘタᐃࡀ㧗ࡍࡂࠊ⢭〇࢞ࢫ୰࡟ᖖ࡟ᩘ SSP ௨ୖࡢ 1 ࢞ࢫࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣔࢻࡢษ
ࡾ᭰࠼᫬࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ከ㔞ࡢ୙⣧≀ࡀᾮ໬ᶵᮏయഃ࡬ὶධࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⢭〇᫬ࡢ ᗘ
タᐃࢆ . ࡜ࡼࡾప࠸ ᗘ࡟タᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⢭〇࢞ࢫ୰ࡢ୙⣧≀⃰ᗘࡀୗࡀࡾࠊⰋዲ࡞㐠㌿≧
ែࢆಖᣢ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ప࠸タᐃ ᗘ࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᗘィࡢ㍑
ṇࡀࡎࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜᥎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡣᾮ໬ᶵᮏయ࡜ᐦ᥋࡟
㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⢭〇ჾࡢᛶ⬟ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᾮ໬⿦⨨඲యࡢ㐠㌿≧ែ࡟␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡼࡾ୙⣧≀ὶධࡢᑡ࡞࠸㐠㌿≧ែ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣔࢻษࡾ᭰࠼᫬ࡢࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫࡢኚ᭦ࡸ⣔ࡢ
࢖ࣥࣆ࣮ࢲࣥࢫࡢኚ᭦ࢆ⾜࠺࡜ࡼ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㅰ㎡
௒ᅇࠊ࢞ࢫศᯒࡢࡓࡵ࡟ศᯒ⿦⨨ࢆ㈚ࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤ࣭ప ᾮ໬ᐊࡢࡳ࡞ࡉࡲࠊ࡜
ࡃ࡟౑⏝᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤ࣭ప ᾮ໬ᐊࡢᅵᒇගẶ࡟ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋ
ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓ᪥ࠎᾮ໬ᶵࡢ㉳ືࠊ㐠㌿ࠊ೵Ṇࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ㆟ㄽ࡟࠾௜ࡁྜ࠸ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭
ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛ࡢᚿᮧⱆ⾰Ặࠊబ⸨ᖾ୍Ặࠊ᪩ᆏὒẶ࡟ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
89
89
⫋ဨ◊ಟ
㜿㒊⨾⋹ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
1. ࠕ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲ௧࡟࠾ࡅࡿチྍ࣭ᒆฟࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࠖㄝ᫂఍
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥Ỉ㹼
ሙ ᡤ ࢱ࣮࣮࣡࣍ࣝ⯪ᇼ ᮾி㒔Ụᡞᕝ༊
୺ ദ 㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳ༠఍
ㅮ ᖌ ඖᒣཱྀ┴⫋ဨ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫᢸᙜᐁ 㕥ᮌ๎ኵẶ
ཧຍ⪅ 㜿㒊⨾⋹ ௚⣙ ྡ
௒ᅇࡢಖᏳᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲ௧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ┘╩ᐁᗇ࡬ࡢチྍ࣭ᒆฟ➼ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋෑ㢌ࡢ୺ദ⪅ᣵᣜ࡛ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࢆጞࡵࠊ㣗ရຍᕤ࣭༙ᑟయ
⏘ᴗ࣭ᾘ㜵⨫࡞࡝㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࢆྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ᖜᗈ࠸ᴗ✀࡟Ώࡗ࡚ࠊᐃဨࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ 200 ྡ௨ୖࡢཧຍ⪅ࡀ
඲ᅜ࠿ࡽ㞟ࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ㅮ⩦࡛ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌㅮᖌࡀ௻ᴗࡢࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫ࡜♫఍ⓗ㈐௵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀࡓᚋࠊチྍࡸᒆฟࡢ
㛫㐪࠼ࡸࡍ࠸࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ㛗ᖺࡢࡈ⤒㦂࠿ࡽࡢලయⓗ࡞஦౛ࡶ஺࠼࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋྠㅮᖌࡣࠊᒣཱྀ┴
ᗇ࡟ᅾ⫋ࡋࡓ⣙ 37 ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲࢆᢅࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ
ಖᏳἲ௧ࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶཝࡋࡃつᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢࡣࢥࣥࣅࢼ࣮ࢺಖᏳつ๎(ࢥࣥࣅ๎)࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᒣཱྀ┴࡟
ࡣࢥࣥࣅ๎㐺⏝஦ᴗᡤࡢᩘࡀከࡃࠊ㐣ཤ࡟ࡣ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫኚ᭦ᕤ஦ࢆ఍♫ࡄࡿࡳ࡛㞃࡮࠸ࡋࡓ஦౛࡛
┴࡜ࡋ࡚Ⴀᴗ೵Ṇฎศࢆୗࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳἲࡣ」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆࡋࡓἲ௧࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕ᪂つࠖ
ࠕኚ᭦ᕤ஦ࠖ
ࠕ㛤ጞ࣭ᗫṆ࣭ᢎ
⥅ࠖࠕ༴ᐖண㜵つ⛬࣭ಖᏳ㈐௵⪅➼ࠖ
ࠕᐜჾࠖ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⏦ㄳࡸᒆฟࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ஦ᴗᡤ࡟
㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿἲ௧ࡸ༊ศࠊ࢞ࢫࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸᪉ἲ(ἲ௧ୖࡢ〇㐀࣭㈓ⶶ࣭㈍኎࡞࡝)࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᚲせ࡞ᡭ⥆
ࡁࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ஦ᴗᡤࡢᡤᅾᆅ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚┘╩ᐁᗇࡀ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡔࡗࡓࡾᾘ㜵⨫ࡔࡗࡓࡾ࡜␗࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᡭ⥆ࡁ₃ࢀࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊྛ஦ᴗᡤࡀࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔ࣥࢫࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡃᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡜ࠊ
㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳᢸᙜ⪅ࡀἲ௧ࢆ⇍▱ࡋࡓୖ࡛஦ᴗᡤ࡛ࡢἲ௧┦ㄯ❆ཱྀ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ᨻᶵ㛵࡜Ⰻዲ࡞㐃ᦠ
యไࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋ
㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡟ࡶከࡃࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ๭࠿ࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠕ㛤ᨺᆺࢹ࣮ࣗ࣡࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᾮయ❅⣲ࡣ㧗ᅽ࢞
ࢫ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ
ࠕᾮయ❅⣲ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛤ᨺᆺᐜჾࡣ㧗ᅽ࢞
ࢫᐜჾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᐜჾ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢつไࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௬࡟⛣ࡋ᭰࠼ࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࠊ⛣ࡋ᭰࠼ࡿඛ
ࡢᐜჾࡀࠗ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫᐜჾ࠘࡟࠶ࡓࡿሙྜ࡟㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࡢ〇㐀⾜Ⅽ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ࡜ࡢぢゎࡀ♧ࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋࡇࡢ௚ࠊ㍺ධࡸ㈍኎ࠊ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࡢ┘╩ᢸᙜᐁ࠿ࡽࡢ㉁ၥࡶ࠶ࡾࠊㅮ⩦఍ࡣணᐃ᫬㛫ࢆ⣙ 30
ศ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚⤊஢ࡋࡓࠋ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣࠊಖᏳ᳨ᰝࡸᐃᮇ⮬୺᳨ᰝ࡟క࠺㍍ᚤኚ᭦⏦ㄳ࡞࡝ᖺ࡟ᩘᅇࡣ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳ
ἲ௧࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⏦ㄳࡸᒆฟࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୓ࡀ୍୙ഛࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ➨୍✀〇㐀⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⩏ົࢆᯝ
ࡓࡏ࡞࠸ࡤ࠿ࡾ࠿ࠊᮏᏛ඲యࡢᩍ⫱◊✲άື࡬ᨭ㞀ࢆ᮶ࡓࡍ஦ែ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡶ
௒ᅇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㅮ⩦఍࡬ࡢཧຍࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ἲ௧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡸ᭱᪂᝟ሗࡢ཰㞟࡟ດࡵࠊࢥࣥࣉࣛ࢖࢔
ࣥࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ⣽ᚰࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊᴗົࢆ෇⁥࡟㐙⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
90
90
⫋ဨ◊ಟ
ᚿᮧⱆ⾰ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ ὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ ぢᏛ
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㔠㹼
ሙ ᡤ ᮾி኱Ꮫ࣭⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ࣭ὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ ᮾி㒔┠㯮༊
ㅮ ᖌ 㔠Ꮚ࿴⾜⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ࣭ὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ ᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛ဨ
ཧຍ⪅ ᑠ⏣ᔱ㇏ Dࠊྜྷᮏబ⣖ Eࠊ㔝ᮧ㞝஧ Fࠊᅵᒇග Gࠊ㮛ᒣ⋹Ꮚ Gࠊ໭ཎ┤ᑦ Gࠊ
▼ᆏᙲ Hࠊຍⱱ⏤㈗ Iࠊᚿᮧⱆ⾰ Iࠊᡞ⏣ு Iࠊ㜿㒊⨾⋹ Iᩗ⛠␎
D
⌮໬Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࠊE༓ⴥ኱ᏛࠊF⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤࠊG≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤࠊHᩍ㣴Ꮫ㒊ࠊIప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
௒ᅇࡢಖᏳᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊࡢ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬タഛࢆぢᏛࡋ࡚ᾮ໬ᶵ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊᾮ໬タഛࢆᣢࡘ௚ᶵ㛵ࡢᢏ⾡⫋ဨ࡜ࡢ஺ὶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫࡢྲྀ
ࡾᢅ࠸ࡸಖᏳ⟶⌮࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗ࣭ពぢ஺᥮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ࡛ࡣ 2010 ᖺ 11 ᭶࡟ᾮ໬ᶵࡀ᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡓࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ(ᅗ )ࠋࡲࡓࠊ୙⣧࢞ࢫ࢝
࣮ࢻࣝࡶᚑ᮶ࡢ 2 ⣔⤫ (1,635m3) ࡟᪂ࡓ࡟ 1 ⣔⤫ศ (450m3) ቑタࡉࢀࡓ(ᅗ )ࠋึࡵ࡟ࠊྠᐊࡢ
㔠ᏊẶ࠿ࡽ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬⿦⨨⣔⤫ᅗࢆ౑ࡗ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ᾮ໬タഛࡢᴫせㄝ᫂ࢆཷࡅࡓᚋࠊタഛ࡜ᾮ໬
㐠㌿ࡢᵝᏊࢆぢᏛࡋࡓࠋ㛗ᑻ࣎ࣥ࣋ෆ࡟㈓ⶶࡋࡓᅇ཰࣒࣊ࣜ࢘࢞ࢫࡣࠊᾮ໬ᶵࡢෆ㒊⢭〇ჾ࡛୙
⣧≀(୺࡟✵Ẽ)ࢆ㝖ཤࡋࡓ⢭〇࢞ࢫ࡜ࡋ୍࡚㒊ࡣᾮ໬ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡬ࠊ୍㒊ࡣࣂࢵࣇ࢓ࢱࣥࢡ࡬㏦ࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㝖ཤࡉࢀࡓ୙⣧≀ࡣࠕᾮ✵⁀ࡵࠖ࡟㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓᚋࠊ኱Ẽᨺฟࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᾮ໬ࢩࢫࢸ
࣒ࡢሙྜࠊࣂࢵࣇ࢓ࢱࣥࢡࡢᅽຊࡀタᐃ್ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡽෆ㒊⢭〇ჾࡀ⮬ືⓗ࡟⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻ࠿ࡽ෌⏕
࣮ࣔࢻ࡟ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡟ไᚚࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ୙⣧≀ࣃ࣮ࢪࡢᅇᩘࡀᴟ➃࡟ᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉
ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊཧຍ⪅࠿ࡽᅇ཰࢞ࢫ⣧ᗘࡀ༑ศ࡟㧗࠸࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࣂࢵࣇ࢓ࢱࣥࢡᅽ
ຊࢆ୍ᐃ࡟ಖࡗࡓࡲࡲ⢭〇࣮ࣔࢻࢆ㛗ࡃ⥆ࡅࡿไᚚࡢ᪉ࡀᾮ໬ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢຠ⋡ࢆࡼࡾྥୖ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ࡛ࡢᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ࡢ౪⤥⏦㎸ࡣࠊ1 㐌㛫࡟ 100 ࣜࢵࢺࣝᐜჾ 5~6 ᮏ⛬ᗘ࡛ࠊỮฟ
ᅗ ྑ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬ᶵ /LQGH ♫〇 /ࠊ
ᅗ 㛗ᑻ࣎ࣥ࣋ᡭ๓ቑタศ ᮏࠊዟ᪤タศ
୰ኸ:HJLVVLQJWRQ ♫〇㈓ᵴᐜ㔞 /ࠊ
ࡢ࠺ࡕ ᮏࠋṧࡿ ⣔⤫ࡣᒇෆ࡟タ⨨ࠋ
୰ኸᡭ๓ᑠศࡅỮฟ⏝࢜࢖ࣝࣂࣈ࣮ࣛࠋ
91
91
ࡋసᴗࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ㐌 2 ᅇ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋぢᏛᙜ᪥ࡣ࠶࠸࡟ࡃỮฟࡋసᴗࡣ↓࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡀࠊసᴗᡭ㡰ࡣ㈓ᵴ࡜ᑠศࡅᐜჾ࡜ࡢᕪᅽ(㈓ᵴᅽ 0.025MPa)ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚Ữࡳฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ100 ࣜ
ࢵࢺࣝᐜჾ 1 ᮏศࡢỮฟࡋ࡟ 50 ศ㛫⛬ᗘࠊ౪⤥ࣟࢫࡣ 30%⛬ᗘ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋᑠศࡅᐜჾࡀ
‶඘ሸ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᐜჾෆᅽຊࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊᅇ཰㓄⟶࡟タ⨨ࡋࡓ࢜࢖ࣝࣂࣈ࣮ࣛࡀస
ືࡋ‶඘ሸࡢྜᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ (ᅗ ࠊ୰ኸᡭ๓)ࠋ௚࡟ࡶࠊ᪥ᖖసᴗࡢຠ⋡໬ࡸᏳ඲⟶⌮࡛ࡢᩘࠎ
ࡢᕤኵࡀ⤂௓ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᾮ໬ᶵᑟධ᫬ࡢヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᙜึࠊ␗✀㔠ᒓࡢࢼࢵࢺࡀྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡓࡵ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫ᫬࡟ᨭ㞀ࢆ᮶ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࣂࣝࣈࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ (ᅗ )ࠊࣇ࣮ࣟᅗ࡜⌧ሙ㓄⟶
ࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⣽࠿࠸㒊ရࡸࣂࣝࣈ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡲ࡛༠ຊ఍♫࡜
ࡁࡕࢇ࡜᝟ሗࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ⟶⌮ࢆᚭᗏࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࡢぢᏛࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᾮ໬タഛࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊேဨࡀᑡ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࡇࡑࡑࢀࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵ
ࡢᕤኵࢆᩘከࡃぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ኱ኚཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ௚ᶵ㛵ࡢప 㛵㐃⫋ဨ࡜ணᐃ᫬㛫ࢆ
኱ᖜ࡟㉸࠼ࡿ࡯࡝άⓎ࡞ウㄽࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊ௒ᅇࡢぢᏛࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚Ꮫࢇࡔ▱㆑ࢆ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳ
㛵㐃ࡢᴗົ࡟⏕࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
௒ᅇࡢಖᏳᩍ⫱࡛࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤὶయࢸࢡࣀᐊ 㔠Ꮚ࿴⾜Ặࠊ㔝ᮧ㞝஧Ặࠊ୪ࡧ
࡟ᮏぢᏛ఍ࢆ௻⏬ࡉࢀࡓ≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤప ᾮ໬ᐊ ᅵᒇගẶ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᅗ 㞟ྜ෗┿ࠋ
ᅗ ୙ഛࡢ࠶ࡗࡓࣂࣝࣈࡢ౛ࠋ┿㘷ࡢࡡࡌᒣ࡟
ࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫࡢࢼࢵࢺࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡡࡌᒣࡢ
ࡘࡪࢀࡸ␗✀㔠ᒓࡢ᥋ゐ࡟ࡼࡿ᪩ᮇࡢ⭉㣗࡞࡝ࡀ
ᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᖺᗘ➨ ᅇ෭෾㒊఍౛఍✵Ẽศ㞳⿦⨨ㅮ⩦఍࣭ᾮ㓟ࣉࣛࣥࢺぢᏛ఍㹼
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥Ỉ 㹼
ሙ ᡤ ᪂┦ᶍ㓟⣲ᰴᑠᒣᕤሙ
୺ ദ ప ᕤᏛ༠఍෭෾㒊఍
ཧຍ⪅ ຍⱱ⏤㈗ࠊᚿᮧⱆ⾰ ௚⣙ ྡ
92
92
2011 ᖺᗘప ᕤᏛ༠఍෭෾㒊఍୺ദࡢ➨ 4 ᅇ෭෾㒊఍౛఍࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ෭෾㒊఍౛఍࡛
ࡣࠊ✵Ẽศ㞳⿦⨨ࡢ᭱᪂ࡢᢏ⾡ືྥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㅮ₇࠾ࡼࡧᾮ໬㓟⣲ࣉࣛࣥࢺࡢぢᏛ఍ࡀ௻⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏ౛఍࡬ࡢཧຍࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ✵Ẽศ㞳⿦⨨࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊప タഛࢆᣢࡘ௚ᶵ
㛵ࡢᢏ⾡⫋ဨ࡜ࡢ஺ὶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊಖᏳ⟶⌮ࡸ᭱᪂ࡢタഛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗ཰㞟ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ึࡵ࡟ࠊ(ᰴ)኱㝧᪥㓟ࡢᒣᮏఙ୍㑻Ặ࠿ࡽ✵Ẽศ㞳⿦⨨ࡢᢏ⾡ືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㅮ₇ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ✵Ẽ
ศ㞳⿦⨨ࡣཎᩱ✵Ẽࢆᅽ⦰ࡋࠊ㓟⣲࢞ࢫࠊ❅⣲࢞ࢫࠊ࢔ࣝࢦࣥ࢞ࢫ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ」ᩘࡢ࢞ࢫ࡟ศ㞳ࡋࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟ᾮయ㓟⣲ (ᅗ )ࠊᾮయ❅⣲࡬࡜ᾮ໬ࡍࡿ⿦⨨࡛ࠊࡑࡢከࡃ࡟῝෭ศ㞳ἲࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
῝෭ศ㞳ἲࡣࠊཎᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ✵Ẽࢆ㣬࿴ ᗘ௜㏆ࡲ࡛෭༷ࡋࠊప ⵨␃࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㓟⣲ࠊ❅⣲➼࡟ศ
㞳ࡍࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ㓟⣲〇㐀ᢏ⾡࡟ࡣ⣙ 100 ᖺࡢṔྐࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⢭␃ሪࠊจ⦰ჾ࠾ࡼࡧᅽ⦰
ᶵࡢᨵⰋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㐠㌿࠾ࡼࡧไᚚࡢ㐍Ṍ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᨵⰋࡸせ⣲ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚
ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡇࡇ 30 ᖺ࡯࡝ࡢ㛫࡛ 20%௨ୖࡢཎ༢఩ (୍ᐃ㔞⏕⏘ࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᚲせ࡞⏕⏘せ⣲ࡢ
㔞) ࡀపῶࡋࡓࠋ⏘ᴗ⏺࡛ࡣࠊ㓟⣲ࡣ⣧ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᖜᗈ࠸ศ㔝࡛฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ་⒪⏝࢞ࢫࡸࠊ
ࡲࡓ㏆ᖺࡢᆅ⌫ ᬮ໬㜵Ṇᑐ⟇ࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ၥ㢟࡞࡝ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋ࡚ Oxyfuel (㓟⣲⇞↝ᢏ⾡) ࡸ
IGCC (▼Ⅳ࢞ࢫ໬」ྜⓎ㟁) ࡞࡝ࡢ㠉᪂ᢏ⾡ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㣗ရ࣭໬Ꮫ࣭༙ᑟయ〇
㐀ࡢศ㔝࡛㓟໬㜵Ṇࡢࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ❅⣲࢞ࢫࡸࠊ㕲㗰࣭㔠ᒓຍᕤ࣭༙ᑟయ〇㐀ࡢศ㔝࡛⏝࠸
ࡽࢀࡿ࢔ࣝࢦࣥ࢞ࢫ࡞࡝ࠊ⏘ᴗ࢞ࢫࡢ㟂せࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ௒ᚋࡶ㟂せᣑ኱ࡣ⥆ࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㟂せ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᨵⰋ࣭ᨵၿࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┬࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࣭
పタഛࢥࢫࢺ໬ࡢ᥎㐍ࡀ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ(ᰴ)᪂┦ᶍ㓟⣲ᑠᒣᕤሙࡢᴫせㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑠᒣᕤሙࡣࠊ㛵ᮾᆅ༊࡜༡ᮾ໭ᆅ༊ࢆ౪⤥
࢚ࣜ࢔࡜ࡍࡿ⏕⏘ᣐⅬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚑᴗဨࡣ 20 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱᪂㗦タഛ࡛࠶ࡿ✵Ẽศ㞳⿦⨨ࡣᖹᡂ 22
ᖺ 1 ᭶ࡼࡾ✌ാࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋ⿦⨨ࡣ 24 ᫬㛫✌ാࡢࡓࡵ㐠㌿⌜ 8 ྡࡣ 3 ஺࡛᭰໅ົࡋࠊ␗ᖖ᫬࡟
ࡍࡄ࡟㥑ࡅࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⫋ሙࡢ㏆ࡃ࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㟂せࡢኚື࡟
ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊཎᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ✵Ẽ㔞ࢆㄪᩚࡋ࡚ᐜ᫆࡟⏕⏘㔞ࢆㄪᩚ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞タഛࡢ௙ᵝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊᑠᒣᕤሙࡢ᪋タぢᏛࢆࡋࡓࠋ≀ὶ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣮ࣟࣜ㌴㍕ᘧ㔜㔞ィࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ౪⤥๓ᚋ
ࡢ㔜㔞ࢆィ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ (ᅗ )ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࡍ࡭࡚⟶⌮ᐊࡢࣔࢽࢱ࣮࡛⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
࠸ࡘࠊ࡝ࡢ࣮࣮ࣟࣜ࡟࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸✚ࡲࢀࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺᝟ሗࢆࡍ࡭࡚ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓ (ᅗ )ࠋࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮࣮ࣟࣜ㌴ࡢ㞟㓄๓ᚋ࡟❧ࡕ఍࠸ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᑡ࡞࠸ᚑᴗဨ࡛ࡶ༑ศᑐฎ࡛ࡁࡿయไ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ᮏ᪋タぢᏛ࡛᭱ࡶὀ┠ࡋࡓ᭱᪂タഛࡣࠊᾮ໬❅⣲࡜ᾮ໬㓟⣲ࡢ㈓ᵴࡀ୍య໬ࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢳ㈓ᵴ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ㈓ᵴࡣࠊᅗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞኱ᆺࡢእᵴࡢ୰ኸ㒊ศ࡟ 3 ᇶࡢᾮయ㓟⣲㈓ᵴࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀ
ࡾᅖࡴࡼ࠺࡟ 9 ᇶࡢᾮయ❅⣲㈓ᵴࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵓ㐀࡛ࠊ┿✵ࣃ࣮ࣛ࢖ࢺ᩿⇕ᘧᾮ໬࢞ࢫ㈓ᵴ
࡜࿧ࡤࢀࠊᑠᆺ㈓ᵴ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ 1 ᇶࡢ㈓ⶶ㔞ࡀከࡃࠊᤣ௜㠃✚ࢆ⠇⣙࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
௒ᅇࡢ෭෾㒊఍౛఍ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ప ศ㔝ࡢ▱㆑ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡲࡓࠊᕤሙぢᏛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㧗
ࡲࡿ࢞ࢫ㟂せ࡟ᛂ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡃࠊ௻ᴗഃ࡛ࡣᵝࠎ࡞㛤Ⓨࡸᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣࠊ
௒ᅇᏛࢇࡔ▱㆑ࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫಖᏳ㛵㐃ࡢᴗົ࡟⏕࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࡢぢᏛ఍࡛࠾ୡヰ
࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(ᰴ)኱㝧᪥㓟ᖹ஭ᐶ୍Ặࡣࡌࡵ㛵ಀྛ఩࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
93
93
ᅗ ࣮࣮ࣟࣜ㌴㍕ᘧ㔜㔞ィ
ᅗ ᾮయ㓟⣲
ᅗ ⟶⌮ᐊ
ᅗ ࣐ࣝࢳ㈓ᵴ
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᢏ⾡⫋ဨ◊ಟ㸦᪕┙ึ⣭ࢥ࣮ࢫ㸧ཧຍ
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥Ỉ㹼 ᪥㔠 㹼
ሙ ᡤ ᮾி኱Ꮫ࣭⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ࣭ヨసᕤሙ
୺ ദ ᮾி኱Ꮫ࣭⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ࣭ヨసᕤሙᮾி㒔┠㯮༊
ㅮ ᖌ ụ⏣༤୍ࠊⵀᒸᡂ⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ࣭ヨసᕤሙ ᢏ⾡ᑓ㛛⫋ဨࠊᒸᮏఙⱥຓ
ᡭ
ཧຍ⪅ ᚿᮧⱆ⾰ ௚ ྡ
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘᮾி኱Ꮫᢏ⾡⫋ဨ◊ಟ᪕┙ึ⣭ࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊ಟࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ᪕┙࡟㛵ࡍࡿ
ᑓ㛛ⓗ▱㆑࠾ࡼࡧᇶᮏⓗ࡞ຍᕤᢏ⾡ࢆಟᚓࡋࠊᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊ಟ
࡛ࡣࠊᐇ㦂⏝ჾල࣭㒊ရ➼ࡢ〇స࡟ᚲせ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗᐇᢏ࣭₇⩦ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ึࡵ࡟ࠊᶵᲔᕤస࡟࠾࠸࡚Ᏻ඲࡞సᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᶵᲔ᧯స࡞ࡽࡧ࡟సᴗࢆ⾜࠺ୖ࡛ࡢὀព
Ⅼࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᏳ඲సᴗ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝࢆసᡂࡋࠊసᴗ๓࡟ྛ㡯┠ࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋᐮ๣ࢆᢅ࠺ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟᛹ᡃࡸ஦ᨾࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᏳ඲సᴗ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝࡢ
94
94
ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ㡯┠ࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮࡬ࡢ⟶⌮ࢆᚭᗏࡉࡏࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋ
ᐇ⩦࡛ࡣẁ௜ࡁࢩࣕࣇࢺ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ࡣࡵࡿࣜࣥࢢࡢ〇సࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ〇ရᅗࢆᅗ ࠊᅗ ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
ࡲࡎึࡵ࡟ࠊࢢࣛ࢖ࣥࢲ࣮ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ➃㠃ࡢ௙ୖࡆ๐ࡾࡸẁ௜ࡅ㒊ࡢษ๐ࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ∦
ลࣂ࢖ࢺࢆ◊☻ࡋࡓࠋࢢࣛ࢖ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ◒▼࡟࠶࡚ࡿࣂ࢖ࢺࡢྥࡁ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚๐ࡽࢀࡿลࡢഴᩳࡀኚ
ࢃࡾࠊࡇࡢ࠶࡚᪉ࡢㄪᩚࡀ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ⌮᝿ࡢ∦ลࣂ࢖ࢺࡢᙧ࡟ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟᪕┙ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ẁ௜ࡁࢩࣕࣇࢺࡢ〇సࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋึࡵ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࡢ࡛᭱ึࡣ᧯స࡟ᡭ㛫ྲྀࡗ
ࡓࡀࠊྲྀࡾᢅ࠸᪉ࡸసᴗᡭ㡰ࠊ᧯సࡢ௙᪉࡞࡝ࢆ୍ࡘ୍ࡘ୎ᑀ࡟ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡎึࡵ࡟
୸Წࡢ➃㠃ࢆ๐ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋࠊ〇ရᅗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟୸Წࡢእᚄẁ௜ࡅ๐ࡾࢆࡋࡓࠋ୍ᗘ
࡟῝ࡃ๐ࡿ࡜⾲㠃ࡀ࢞ࢱ࢞ࢱ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊⷧ࠸ཌࡉ࡛୎ᑀ࡟ఱᗘࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ๐ࡿᆅ㐨࡞
సᴗࡔࡀࠊ๐ࡿཌࡉࢆィ⟬ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡞ࡀࡽసᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣ኱ኚࡔࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪕┙࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅ
ࡽࢀࡓ୸Წࡢ㛗ࡉࡸཌࡉࢆࣀࢠࢫ࡛ ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ᙜ࡚᪉࡟ࡼࡗ್࡚ࡢㄗᕪࡀ኱ࡁࡃฟ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ๐
ࡿཌࡉࡀࡎࢀ࡚ࠊ〇ရᅗࡢ㛗ࡉࡼࡾࡸࡸᑠࡉࡃ௙ୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ⥆࠸࡚ࠊࣜࣥࢢࡢ〇సࢆ⾜
ࡗࡓࠋẁ௜ࡁࢩࣕࣇࢺ࡛ࡣ㕲ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࡀࠊࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡣࢪ࣑ࣗࣛࣝࣥࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ㕲ࡼࡾ࠿
࡞ࡾ⁥ࡽ࠿࡟㌾ࡽ࠿ࡃษࢀࡓࠋࣜࣥࢢࡢ⾲㠃࡟ࡣ࣮ࣟࣞࢵࢺຍᕤࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࣮ࣟࣞࢵࢺࡣᡭ࡛ᥱ
ࡗ࡚᧯సࡍࡿ㒊ศ࡟⁥ࡾṆࡵࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠿ࡅࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ᫬࡟⿦㣭ࡢᙺ๭ࡶවࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ้ࡳ
┠ࢆࡁࢀ࠸࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊἜࢆ࠿ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊษࡾࡃࡎࡀ้ࡳ┠࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡲ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࣈࣛࢩ࡛
ⴠ࡜ࡋࠊៅ㔜࡟సᴗࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟✰ࡄࡾࣂ࢖ࢺࢆ౑⏝ࡋ෇⟄ࡢෆ㠃ࢆษ๐ࡋࡓᚋࠊ✺ษࡾࣂ࢖ࢺ
ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ୸Წࢆษ᩿ࡋࣜࣥࢢ࡟ࡋࡓࠋ᏶ᡂရࢆᅗ ࡟♧ࡍࠋࣜࣥࢢࡢෆᚄࢆᑡࡋࡎࡘ๐ࡗ࡚ࢩࣕ
ࣇࢺ࡟ࡣࡵྜࢃࡏࡿసᴗࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾜࠸ࠊࢩࣕࣇࢺ࡟ࡋࡗࡃࡾྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࣜࣥࢢࡢෆᚄࢆㄪ⠇ࡍ
ࡿࡢࡣ኱ኚ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋึࡵ࡚⮬ศ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᶵᲔຍᕤࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᩘ࣑ࣜ༢఩࡛ࡢ࣮࢜ࢲ࣮ࢆཷࡅ
࡚〇ရࢆ௙ୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡇࢀ࡯࡝኱ኚ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᐇឤࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ ࣜࣥࢢ〇ရᅗ
ᅗ ẁ௜ࡁࢩࣕࣇࢺ〇ရᅗ
ᅗ ẁ௜ࡁࣜࣥࢢཬࡧࢩࣕࣇࢺ᏶ᡂရ
95
95
᭱ᚋ࡟ヨసᕤሙࢆぢᏛࡋࡓࠋヨసᕤሙ࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲ᐇ㦂⏝ᶵᲔ࣭⿦⨨ࠊჾලࠊヨ㦂⏝౪ヨయ࡞࡝
ࡢタィ࣭〇సࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᶵᲔຍᕤࠊ࢞ࣛࢫຍᕤࠊᮌᕤຍᕤࡢసᴗሙ࡛⫋ဨࡀྛࠎᑓ㛛ࡢ௙஦
ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ15 ྡ࡯࡝ࡢᑡேᩘ࡛ࠊከ✀ከᵝ࠿ࡘඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ᶵᲔ࣭⿦⨨࣭㒊ရࡢヨసࢆࡋࠊせ
ồࡉࢀࡿ㧗ᗘࡢタィ࣭〇స࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⊂⮬ࡢຍᕤ࣭⤌❧ᢏ⾡ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚◊✲⪅ࡢせᮃ࡟ᛂ࠼࡚
࠸ࡿ࡜⪺ࡁ㦫࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ◊✲⪅࡜ࡢ⥭ᐦ࡞㐃ᦠࢆಖࡕࡘࡘࠊእὀຍᕤ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ከࡃࡢᡂ
ᯝࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ఛ࠸ࠊ⫋ேࡢ㛗ᖺࡢ⤒㦂࡜ᢏ⾡ࡀ኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲ࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᐇឤࡋ
ࡓࠋ
௒ᅇࡢ᪕┙◊ಟࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᶵᲔຍᕤࡢᇶ♏▱㆑ࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᶵᲔࢆ౑ࡗࡓ
〇సࡸヨసᕤሙ࡛ࡢぢᏛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊヨసᕤሙࡢᢏ⾡ຊࡢ㧗ࡉࠊ⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᇵࢃࢀࡓᢏ⾡⪅ࡢ⭎
ࡢ෶ࡉࢆᐇឤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟࢆ⏕࠿ࡋ࡚ࠊ௒ᚋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᕤసᐊࡢᶵᲔࢆ⮬ຊ࡛౑
࠸ࡇ࡞ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᮏ◊ಟ࡛࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ ヨసᕤሙ ụ⏣༤୍Ặࠊ
ⵀᒸᡂẶࠊᒸᮏఙⱥẶ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
96
96
⫋ဨ◊ಟ
ຍⱱ⏤㈗ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᢏ⾡⫋ဨ◊ಟ㸦࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫ㸧ཧຍ
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸦Ỉ㸧 㸸 㹼 㸸
᪥㸦ᮌ㸧ࠊ ᪥㸦㔠㸧 㸸 㹼 㸸
ሙ ᡤ ⌮Ꮫ㒊 ྕ㤋ࠊᰴ᪥ᮏࢺ࣭ࣜ࢞ከᦶᕝᕤሙ⚄ዉᕝ┴ᕝᓮᕷከᦶ༊
ㅮ ᖌ 㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຍ㏿ჾ◊✲ᶵᵓ ᖹᯇᡂ⠊ ྡ㄃ᩍᤵ
⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ ඵᖭ࿴ᚿ ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ཧຍ⪅ ຍⱱ⏤㈗ࠊ௚ ྡ
ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘᢏ⾡⫋ဨ◊ಟ(࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫ)࡟ཧຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊ಟ࡛ࡣᇶ┙ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ࢚
ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫ㛵ಀࡢᇶ♏▱㆑ࢆᏛࡧࠊᐇ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᢏ⾡ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
◊ಟึ᪥ࡢ༗๓ࡣ㧗࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ຍ㏿ჾ◊✲ᶵᵓࡢᖹᯇྡ㄃ᩍᤵ࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࡢᇶ
♏ㅮ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㟁Ꮚ㒊ရࡢᇶ♏▱㆑࠿ࡽᅇ㊰ࡢཎ⌮࣭≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࢇࡔࠋ༗ᚋࡣ(ᰴ)᪥ᮏࢺࣜ࢞
ࡢከᦶᕝᕤሙࢆぢᏛࡋࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡣ❅⣲ࣜࣇ࣮ࣟ⿦⨨࡟ࡼࡿᇶᯈ〇సࡢὶࢀ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࠊ(1)࣓ࢱ࣐ࣝ
ࢫࢡ࡛ᇶᯈ࡬ࡢࢡ࣮࣒ࣜࡣࢇࡔሬᕸࠊ(2)࣐࢘ࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ㒊ရ㓄⨨ࠊ(3)❅⣲ࣜࣇ࣮ࣟ⿦⨨࡛❅⣲
࢞ࢫࢆᄇࡁ࠿ࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡢࡣࢇࡔ௜ࡅࠊ(4)X ⥺᳨ᰝ⿦⨨࡛ࡢࡣࢇࡔࣈࣜࢵࢪ☜ㄆ࡞࡝ࡢᕤ⛬ࢆぢᏛ
ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊⳢ㇂ᕤሙ㛗࠿ࡽࡣࢇࡔ௜ࡅࡢᐇᆅᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡓࠋ஧᪥┠ࡣ⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉≀⌮Ꮫᑓ
ᨷࡢඵᖭᢏ⾡⫋ဨ࡟ࡼࡿࡣࢇࡔ௜ࡅࡢᇶ♏▱㆑࡜Ᏻ඲ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࠊࢸࢫࢱ࣮࢟ࢵࢺࡢ⤌❧ࢆ⾜ࡗ
ࡓࠋ୕᪥┠ࡣࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ↷ᗘィࡢᅇ㊰タィ࣭〇సࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋጞࡵ࡟ᅇ㊰ᅗ࠿ࡽ⣬㠃࡟↷ᗘィ
ࡢᅇ㊰ࢆタィࡋ࡚ᥥࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆඖ࡟ࣈࣞࢵࢻ࣮࣎ࢻ࡟ᅇ㊰ࢆ௬⤌ࡋࡓࠋ஧᪥┠࡟⤌ࡳ❧࡚
ࡓࢸࢫࢱ࣮࡛ືసࡢ☜ㄆࢆࡋࡓᚋࠊ✰࠶ࡁᇶᯈ࡟ᐇ⿦ࡋ࡚ࠊ⾲♧ࣃࢿࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ㒊ရࢆ㓄⥺ࡋ⤌ࡳ
❧࡚ࡓࠋࡇࡢᐇ⩦ᚋࠊ㛢ㅮᘧࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊすཎᩍᤵ࠿ࡽಟ஢ドࢆᤵ୚ࡉࢀ࡚◊ಟࢆ⤊࠼ࡓࠋ
ᕤሙぢᏛ࡜〇సᐇ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊᅇ㊰࡬ࡢ▱㆑࡜⌮ゎࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽ
ࢡࢫ㛵ಀࡢ▱㆑ࡣタഛⅬ᳨ࢆࡣࡌࡵᴗົࡢᵝࠎ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ௒ᅇᏛࢇࡔ▱㆑࣭⤒
㦂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ୍ᒙࢫ࢟ࣝࡢྥୖ࡟ບࡳࠊ௒ᚋࡢタഛ⟶⌮ࡸప ᶵჾ〇స࡟ά࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜
⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟ࡛࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉ ඵᖭẶࠊྜྷ⏣Ặࠊబ఑Ặ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸
ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᅗ ❅⣲ࣜࣇ࣮ࣟ⿦⨨ ᅗ ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡓࢸࢫࢱ࣮ᅗ 〇సࡋࡓ↷ᗘィ
97
97
2. ➨ 18 ᅇ ศᏊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ ᢏ⾡◊✲఍ ཧຍ
᪥ ᫬ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸦ᮌ㸧 㸸 㹼 㸸
᪥㸦㔠㸧 㸸 㹼 㸸
ሙ ᡤ ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᶵᵓ࣭ᒸᓮࢥࣥࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ឡ▱┴ᒸᓮᕷ㸧
୺ദ ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᶵᵓ࣭ศᏊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࣭ᢏ⾡ㄢ
ཧຍ⪅ ຍⱱ⏤㈗ࠊᡞ⏣ுࠊᚿᮧⱆ⾰ࠊ௚⣙ ྡ
ࡇࡢᢏ⾡◊✲఍࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ┠ⓗࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ࣭኱Ꮫඹྠ฼⏝ᶵ㛵➼ᢏ⾡⪅ࡢⓎ⾲ࢆ⪺ࡁࠊ᭱᪂ࡢᴟ
ప ᢏ⾡ཬࡧ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬タഛ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ཰㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࠊᏛእㅖᶵ㛵ࡢᢏ⾡⫋ဨ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ
ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲఍࡛ࡣ 5 ศ㔝ࡢཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊᴟప ᢏ⾡ศ㔝ࡢⓎ⾲࡛ࡣ 2011 ᖺ 3
᭶ 11 ᪥࡟㉳ࡁࡓᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏࠿ࡽ⣙ 1 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㟈⅏࡟ࡼࡿ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬ᶵ࣭࢞ࢫᅇ
཰タഛ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡸࠊ㓄⟶ㄗ᥋⥆࡟ࡼࡿᅇ཰࢞ࢫࣂࢵࢡ࡬ࡢỈΰධ஦ᨾࠊእẼ ࡢప
ୗ࡟ࡼࡾ෭༷Ỉ㓄⟶࡟ட⿣ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚Ỉ₃ࢀࡀⓎ⏕࡞࡝タഛࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢሗ࿌ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
஧᪥┠ࡢཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ᚋࠊศᏊ◊࣭ᶵჾࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㧗ᒣẶ࡟ࡼࡾ᫂኱ᑎᆅ༊ࡢ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ᾮ໬ᶵぢᏛ
ࡀ௻⏬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᫂኱ᑎᆅ༊࡟ࡣࠊ2009 ᖺ 5 ᭶࡟ᨾ㞀ࡋࡓ KOBELCO 〇ࡢᾮ໬ᶵ࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ2011
ᖺ 11 ᭶࡟᪂ࡋࡃ Linde 〇 L280 ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ )ࠋࡇࡢᾮ໬ᶵࡣప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᾮ໬ᶵ࡜
ྠࡌᆺࡔࡀࠊᾮయ❅⣲㈓ᵴ࠿ࡽᾮ໬ᶵ➨୍⇕஺᥮ჾ࡬ࡢࣛ࢖ࣥ࡟ᾮ໬ᶵࢆࣂ࢖ࣃࢫࡍࡿࣂࣝࣈࡀ
タ⨨ࡉࢀࠊᾮ໬ᶵෆࡢ㓄⟶ண෭᫬㛫▷⦰໬ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡸࠊࢩࢫࢸ࣒⏬㠃࡛ᾮ໬ᶵ⣔⤫ᅗ࡜
࡜ࡶ࡟୺せ࡞ᅇ཰タഛࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⾲♧ࡋ୍࡚⏬㠃࡛タഛ≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿⅬ࡞࡝࣮ࣘࢨࣅࣜࢸ࢕
ࢆࡼࡾ⪃៖ࡋࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྠ᫬࡟ᅇ཰⏝ᅽ⦰ᶵ (ᅗ )ࡸࠊᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘㈓ᵴ
࡞࡝࿘㎶タഛࡶ᭦᪂ࡉࢀࠊ୰࡛ࡶ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ప㏱㐣⋡ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ࢔࣑ࣝ⵨╔〇ࡢ࢞ࢫࣂࢵࢡ(ᅗ )
ࡣࠊప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ࢞ࢫࣂࢵࢡ࡜ࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝ࡢⅬ࡛኱ኚ⯆࿡῝࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ◊✲఍࡛ࠊྛ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲ᡤ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㟈⅏ᚋࡢ≧ἣࡸࢺࣛࣈࣝⓎ⏕᫬ࡢᑐᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃ
ヰࢆ⪺ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ᪋タぢᏛ࡛ࡣࠊᕪᅽᘧỮࡳฟࡋࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡸᅇ཰⏝ᅽ⦰ᶵࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࢻ࣮ࣞ
ࣥ᪉ἲ࡞࡝ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢタഛ࡟ࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ࠸ᕤኵ➼ࡀከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ௒ᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱㆑࣭⤒
㦂ࢆ௒ᚋࡢ㧗ᅽ࢞ࢫタഛࡢ⟶⌮ᴗົ࡟ά࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ◊ಟ࡛࠾ୡヰ࡟࡞
ࡗࡓศᏊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ࣭ᶵჾࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ㧗ᒣẶ࡜ỈᕝẶ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ᅗ ᾮ໬ᶵ //LQGH ᅗ ᅇ཰࢞ࢫᅽ⦰ᶵ ᅗ ᅇ཰࢞ࢫࣂࢵࢢ 98
98
ྛ✀ጤဨ఍࣭ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍ⫋ဨྡ⡙
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍
➨ 113 ᅇ㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 30 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
➨ 114 ᅇ㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 6 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍ ྡ⡙
㒊 ᒁ ྡ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
⫋ ྡ
Ặ ྡ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗
ࡩࡃࡸࡲ ࡦࢁࡋ
㸦ጤဨ㛗㸧
⚟ᒣ ᐶ
ᩍ ᤵ
(23.1.1~25.3.31)
ᑓ ᨷ
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
ࡓࡿࡕࡷ ࡏ࠸ࡈ
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
ᶡⲔ Ύᝅ
≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡳࡓ ࡼࡋ࠾
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
୕⏣ ྜྷ㑻
㟁Ẽ⣔ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡋࡶࡸࡲ ࡌࡹࢇ࠸ࡕ
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
ୗᒣ ῟୍
ᛂ⏝໬Ꮫᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡸࡲࡶ࡜ ࡉ࡜ࡋ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
ᒣᮏ ᬛ
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡩࡌࡶࡾ ࠶ࡘࡋ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
⸨᳃ ῟
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
࠾࠾ࡇࡋ ࡋࢇ࠸ࡕ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
኱㉺ ៅ୍
໬Ꮫᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
࡞ࡀࡓ ࡇ࠺ࡌ
኱Ꮫ㝔㎰Ꮫ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ
෸ᩍᤵ
Ọ⏣ ᏹḟ
◊✲⛉
ᛂ⏝⏕࿨໬Ꮫᑓᨷ
(234.1~25.3.31)
ࡲ࠼ࡔ ࠶ࡘࡓ࠿
኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᩥ໬◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
๓⏣ ி๛
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
99
99
ᗈᇦ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ
ࡋࡳࡎ ࡜ࡋࡺࡁ
኱Ꮫ㝔⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
ΎỈ ᩄஅ
ᶵ⬟⸆Ꮫᑓᨷ
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡦࡽ࠿ࢃ ࠿ࡎࡦࡇ
⏕⏘ᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤ
ᩍ ᤵ
ᖹᕝ ୍ᙪ
➨3㒊
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
ࡉ࠿ࡁࡤࡽ ࡜ࡋࢁ࠺
≀ᛶ◊✲ᡤ
ᩍ ᤵ
ᴬཎ ಇ㑻
᪂≀㉁⛉Ꮫ◊✲
(23.4.1~25.3.31)
㒊㛛
࠶ࡉࡳࡘ ࠶ࡘࡋ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
෸ᩍᤵ
ᮅග ᩔ
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍
➨ 69 ᅇᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 12 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
➨ 70 ᅇᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 23 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
➨ 71 ᅇᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 8 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
ᑓ㛛ጤဨ఍ ྡ⡙
㒊 ᒁ ྡ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
⫋ ྡ
Ặ ྡ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗
ࡩࡃࡸࡲ ࡦࢁࡋ
㸦ጤဨ㛗㸧
⚟ᒣ ᐶ
ᑓ ᨷ
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
ᩍ ᤵ
ࡓࡵࡀ࠸ ࡘࡼࡋ
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
Ⅽࢣ஭ ᙉ
≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
(22.4.1~24.3.31)
࠾࠿ࡶ࡜ ࡜࠾ࡿ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
ᒸᮏ ᚭ
≀⌮ᑓᨷ
(22.4.1~24.3.31)
࠺࠼ࡔ ࡓࡃࡳ
኱Ꮫ㝔⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ຓ ᩍ
ୖ⏣ ༟ぢ
ᶵ⬟⸆Ꮫᑓᨷ
(22.4.1~24.3.31)
࠶ࡉࡳࡘ ࠶ࡘࡋ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
෸ᩍᤵ
ᮅග ᩔ
100
100
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
ࡩࡌ࠸ ࡓࡅࡢࡾ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ຓ ᩍ
⸨஭ Ṋ๎
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
࠶࡭ ࡳࢀ࠸
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
㜿㒊 ⨾⋹
ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
(22.4.1~24.3.31)
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⦅㞟ጤဨ఍
➨ 1 ᅇ⦅㞟ጤဨ఍㸦ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 3 ᪥㛤ദ㸧
⦅㞟ጤဨ఍ ྡ⡙
㒊 ᒁ ྡ
⫋ ྡ
Ặ ྡ
ᑓ ᨷ
ࡩࡃࡸࡲ ࡦࢁࡋ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗
⚟ᒣ ᐶ
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
ᩍ ᤵ
࠾࠾ࡇࡋ ࡋࢇ࠸ࡕ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
኱㉺ ៅ୍
໬Ꮫᑓᨷ
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
࠾࠿ࡶ࡜ ࡜࠾ࡿ
኱Ꮫ㝔⌮Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
ᒸᮏ ᚭ
≀⌮Ꮫᑓᨷ
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
࠿ࡢࡔ ࠿ࡎࡋ
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
㮵㔝⏣ ୍ྖ
≀⌮ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
ࡋࡶࡸࡲ ࡌࡹࢇ࠸ࡕ
኱Ꮫ㝔ᕤᏛ⣔◊✲⛉
෸ᩍᤵ
ୗᒣ ῟୍
ᛂ⏝໬Ꮫᑓᨷ
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
࠶ࡔࡕ ࡦࢁࡺࡁ
኱Ꮫ㝔㎰Ꮫ⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ
෸ᩍᤵ
㊊❧ ༤அ
◊✲⛉
ᛂ⏝⏕࿨
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
࠺࠼ࡔ ࡓࡃࡳ
኱Ꮫ㝔⸆Ꮫ⣔◊✲⛉
ຓ ᩍ
ୖ⏣ ༟ぢ
ᶵ⬟⸆Ꮫᑓᨷ
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
ࡲ࠼ࡔ ࠶ࡘࡓ࠿
኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᩥ໬◊✲⛉
ᩍ ᤵ
๓⏣ ி๛
(22.11.22~24.9.30)
101
101
ᗈᇦ⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
㸦ጤဨ㛗㸧
࠶ࡉࡳࡘ ࠶ࡘࡋ
෸ᩍᤵ
ᮅග ᩔ
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
ࡩࡌ࠸ ࡓࡅࡢࡾ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ຓ ᩍ
⸨஭ Ṋ๎
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
࠶࡭ ࡳࢀ࠸
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
㜿㒊 ⨾⋹
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍ⫋ဨ
ᩍ⫋ဨ ྡ⡙
ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗
වົ
ࡩࡃࡸࡲ ࡦࢁࡋ
ᩍ ᤵ
⚟ᒣ ᐶ
࠶ࡉࡳࡘ ࠶ࡘࡋ
෸ᩍᤵ
ᮅග ᩔ
◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
ࡩࡌ࠸ ࡓࡅࡢࡾ
ຓ ᩍ
ඹྠ฼⏝㒊㛛
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
⸨஭ Ṋ๎
࡜ࡔ ࡾࡻ࠺
ᡞ⏣ ு
࠶࡭ ࡳࢀ࠸
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
㜿㒊 ⨾⋹
࠿ࡶ ࡺ࠺ࡁ
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ຍⱱ ⏤㈗
ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
ࡋࡴࡽ ࡵ࠸
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ᚿᮧ ⱆ⾰
ࡉ࡜࠺ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡕ
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
బ⸨ ᖾ୍
ࡓ࠿ࡢ ࡚ࡘࢁ࠺
୺ᰝ
㧗㔝 ဴ㑻
࠿ࢃࡶ࡜ ࡦࢁࡩࡳ
ಀ㛗
Ἑᮏ ⿱ᩥ
஦ົᐊ
ࡦࡽࡢ ࠼࠸ࡒ࠺
஦ົ⫋ဨ
ᖹ㔝 ᴿ୕
࠶ࡵࡳࡸ ࡣࡿࡇ
஦ົ⿵బဨ
㞵ᐑ ࡣࡿᏊ
102
102
ᾮ໬౪⤥㒊㛛
࠾▱ࡽࡏ
ே஦␗ື
ᡞ⏣ு
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᥇⏝
ᚿᮧⱆ⾰
ᢏ⾡⫋ဨ
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᥇⏝
ᖹ㔝ᴿ୕
஦ົ⫋ဨ
ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᥇⏝෌㞠⏝
᪩ᆏὒ
ᢏ⾡⿵బဨ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᥇⏝㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥௵ᮇ‶஢㸧
⏣㒊ஂோ⏕஦ົᐊ୺௵ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ␗ື㸦ᮏ㒊༤≀㤋஦ᴗㄢ࡬
Ἑᮏ⿱ᩥ
஦ົᐊಀ㛗 ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ␗ື㸦ᮏ㒊㈨⏘ㄢࡼࡾ㸧
బࠎᮌ཭༤஦ົ⿵బဨ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ ᥇⏝㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥௵ᮇ‶஢㸧
ྛ✀ෆつࡢᨵᐃ
➨ ᅇప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍࡟᪊࠸࡚ࠊࠕᮾி኱Ꮫప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ꮫෆඹྠ฼⏝◊✲
⿦⨨౑⏝ෆつࠖ࡜ࠕᮾி኱Ꮫప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ꮫෆඹྠ฼⏝◊✲ᐊ౑⏝ෆつࠖࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵᐃࡋࠊ
౑⏝ᩱ㔠ࡢᨵṇ࡜ᨭᡶ⤒㈝ࡢከ⮬⏤ᗘ໬ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋヲࡋࡃࡣ௨ୗࡢ 85/ ࢆࡈぴୗࡉ
࠸ࠋ
KWWSZZZFUFXWRN\RDFMSRSHQODEB+3GRFXPHQWVQDLNLBVRXFKLSGI
KWWSZZZFUFXWRN\RDFMSRSHQODEB+3GRFXPHQWVQDLNLBURRPSGI
ᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ㄢ㔠᪉ᘧࡢᨵᐃ
➨ ᅇప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㐠Ⴀጤဨ఍࡟᪊࠸࡚ࠊࠕᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘ㄢ㔠᪉ᘧࠖࢆᨵᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ヲࡋࡃࡣ௨ୗࡢ 85/ ࢆࡈぴୗࡉ࠸ࠋ
http://www.crc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/gyomu/cryo/info/he_kaishu.html
ᢞ✏ࡢࡈ᱌ෆ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⦅㞟ጤဨ఍ࡣࠊᗈࡃⓙᵝ࠿ࡽࡢᢞ✏ࢆ࠾ᚅࡕࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢸ࣮࣐
ࡣ⮬⏤࡛ࡍࡀࠊከᵝ࡞ㄞ⪅ࢆᛕ㢌࡟ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶᮏᩥࡢ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࡔࡅᖹ᫆࡟᭩࠸࡚ୗࡉ࠸ࠋ⫪ࡢจࡽ࡞࠸ㄞࡳ≀㢼ࡢཎ✏ࡶḼ㏄࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋヲ⣽
ࡣࠊప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛⸨஭IXMLL#FUFXWRN\RDFMSࡲ࡛࠾ၥ࠸ྜࢃ
ࡏࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ
103
103
⦅㞟ᚋグ
2011 ᖺᗘࡣ㟈⅏ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㟁ຊ஦᝟ࡀ㐕㏕ࡍࡿ୰ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᾮ໬ᶵ࣭ࡃࡳฟࡋ࣏ࣥࣉ
ࡢ୙ㄪ࡞࡝ࡀ㔜࡞ࡾࠊᐮ๣౪⤥ไ㝈ࢆࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ཝࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡛ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣘ
࣮ࢨ࣮ࡢⓙᵝ࡟ࡣከ኱࡞ࡈ㏞ᝨࢆ࠾࠿ࡅࡋࠊࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ
࡞ࡀࡽࠊᖺᗘᚋ༙࠿ࡽࡣᾮయ࣒࣊ࣜ࢘౪⤥㔞ࡀᚎࠎ࡟ቑຍࡋጞࡵࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ๓ᖺ୪ࡳࡢ
⥲౪⤥㔞㸦⣙ 22 ୓ 5 ༓ࣜࢵࢺࣝ㸧࡜࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ
2011 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡼࡾ 2 ྡࡢᢏ⾡⫋ဨࡀ╔௵࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⫋ဨࡢୡ௦஺௦ࡀ㐍ࡳࠊప ࢭࣥ
ࢱ࣮ࡶ᪂ࡓ࡟⏕ࡲࢀኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐮ๣౪⤥ࢆ௒ᚋ࡜ࡶᏳᐃⓗ࡟⥅⥆ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺౑
࿨ࡢୗࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮⫋ဨ୍୸࡜࡞ࡗ࡚㡹ᙇࡗ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸࡜Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ
࠾ᛁࡋ࠸୰ࠕ◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࠖࢆࡈᇳ➹㡬࠸ࡓඛ⏕᪉࡜ࠊ⦅㞟ጤဨ఍࡟ࡈ༠ຊ㡬࠸ࡓጤဨࡢ
ඛ⏕᪉࡟ࡣࡇࡢሙࢆ೉ࡾ࡚ཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋࢭࣥࢱ࣮ഃࡢ⦅㞟ᢸᙜ⪅ࡢ୙ᡭ㝿࡛Ⓨ
หࡀ㐜ࢀࡲࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠾ルࡧ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ
௒ᚋ࡜ࡶప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ
ప ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛
104
104
ᮅග ᩔ
Annual Report 2011
(Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo)
ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᐕႎ
᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
╙ 3 ภ 2013 ᐕ 3 ᦬
Volume 3, March 2013
⊒ⴕ⠪㧦᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
✬㓸㧦 ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ಎᢎ᝼
ૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ഥᢎ
ᦺశ ᢕ
⮮੗ ᱞೣ
ᚲ࿷࿾
᧲੩ᄢቇૐ᷷࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
૑ᚲ㧦 ‫ޥ‬
᧲੩ㇺᢥ੩඙ᒎ↢㧞ৼ⋡㧝㧝⇟㧝㧢ภ
㔚⹤㧦 ੐ോቶ
(#:㧦 ੐ോቶ
'OCKN㧦 GOCKN"ETEWVQM[QCELR ੐ോቶ
QRGPNCD"ETEWVQM[QCELR ౒ห೑↪ㇱ㐷
VGKQPKPHQ"ETEWVQM[QCELR ᶧൻଏ⛎ㇱ㐷
㨁㧾㧸㧦 JVVRYYYETEWVQM[QCELR
ᦨነࠅ੤ㅢᯏ㑐
ජઍ↰✢ ‫ޟ‬ᩮᵤ㚞‫⼱ޠ‬ਛญ ᓤᱠ㧣ಽ
ධർ✢ ‫᧲ޟ‬ᄢ೨㚞‫ ޠ‬ᓤᱠ㧝㧜ಽ