姉10期プロ・ナトウーラ・ファンド助成旗来報(ｌｒｉｌ｝（2001）
ＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＭＡＩＮＴＥＮＡＮＣＥＩＮＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＬＡＮＤＳＣＡＰＥＯＦＴＨＥ
ＣＩ－ＩＵＲｌＹＡ,ＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＮＥＰＡＬ
DBhuiuI).andＰ､Yonzonz’
ＳＵＭＭＡＲＹ
Ｔｈ(pChuri>'allillsarcIh(pyoullgeslall(Isoutherllm()slmoul1tainchainoflhellimalaya・Theycon‐
ioinlwocc(〕Iogicalre8imes:IhelropicalinIhesoulhall(llcm1)eraleinlhenorIh」I1Nepal,lheChuriyaHills
cover12.7()<,ｏ(thet()mllalldareaandcollI｢ｉｂｕＩｅｔｏ２５､8〔X,ｏ｛11MJforestcovero(IhecounIry・A51hehuman
encromdlmenIconIil1uestoiIlcrease,lhe(rt18ilelandsCapeo[Churi)'aisil1dallger・IIowever,ecolo8icaliI1‐
formaIi()１１()、ＮＣＩ)alClIuriyilisalIU1ostlloⅣcxisIelll・Ｔｈｅｐｌ･〔psenlsIudycove】･in8IhcChuriyao(e(ＩＳＩ(Prl1Nepal
isalliniIiiIliollofcreMil18cc()I()8imldambas(PC(NepalChu｢iyil,TllesIudydweⅡHonsixmajornreas:(i)GIS
anal>'sis()(chan8eilllilI1dllsel)ilItcrllbetwcel11958al1dlﾘﾘ2,(ii)Horisliccompo5itiol1,forestst｢llcIureand
regell('『`lIi()､,(iii)trcespcCiesasHociationaIvilriousalIiIlldcs,(iv)loCalkn()wledgeonplalltuSesMIlollgthe
residし､､l(DIhnicgroul〕s,(v)(Iislribuliono(blllI〔P『[lies,all。(vi)})msclillcin(()rmaliollonbirds．
ＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤ
ＴｈｃＣｈｕｒｉｙ４ｌｃ()mpriseIhcyoull8esId1lldIhesouIhcrnnl〔)sIll1oulllminchain()(Ihellim(】１m)'t1I1system
(BhatIl977,lla8enlO98)andcollioiIlIwodislil1ctecolo8iCalre8imes:Ihel｢o})icalelwironso(Can8elicplail1s
inIhcs()ulhalldlheIcmpemlell1()llllmillswl1ichexlendIolllcillpineinI1lenorth(I，i8.1).A1sokllowl1asthe
Siwaliks,IlleChuri)'i1col】sisI()｢Ｔ(Prliar>'1Inc()l1solidaIedilI1dhighl)'ｅｒｏｄｉｂｌｅfIlwiaIilesedimcllIsmnging
ｆｒｏｍ1℃lMivel)'(ine-8raincdgmywackesilllhcsouIh(LowerSiwalik),Ihrou8hso(lofclay(MiddleSiwalik）
lｏｖｅｒ>'〔()ilrsesmndsM1dcoll81(〕meraIes(Ｕ１)I)erSiwaIik)illIhellorlh(CarSonl985)．TheChllriyaHills
extelld（r〔)lulAfgallisI11allIo八ssamwiIhallnv〔pmgesumnliIoflcssIhanl500maSlalldthewidI1waryin8
from81o５０ｋｍ、
111cChuri>'arocksarcrichilwertcbrMc(ossilcolUIcnIs、Churi)'miHllnearlhedfossilso[laIcrTerIiar)’
havepr(widedmsis(()rｍｕｃｈ(〕fourpresellIknowIed8eo(Iheevoluliono(Asian(loraandfaunm(Ilihara(?！
(】ﾉ.1972).Maior(ossil{allnaincllldesprimaIes,mrI1ivores,un8ulates,elel〕hnnls,rodcllIs,birds,rel〕Iilesand
fishTlwl〕rimalecoⅡccIion（r()mtheChuri)'ａ（(〕ｒｍａＩｉｏｎｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｃｓａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏ(gclleraofAnIhropoids・A
compamIivestudyill〔licmlcslhill(ｈｅａｎｉｍｎｌｓ〔)IlhaIperi()ｄｗｃｒｅｌｈｃｉｍｍｃ(liMe41ncesIorsoflllepr“cI1t-day
l)Ｒｏ)'alNcpalAcademyofScicnceandTcchI1olo8y,Ｃｌ)ＯＢＯＸ３３２３,Kalhmandu
2)RcsolIrccsllimnlaya,ＣＰＯl〕ＯＸ２`Ｍ8,KM11nlimdu
－９５‐
species､Fllrlhermore,IllcvarieIylllatexisIedIhenwas8reaIerIhanwhiltexisIsIoday．
ＡＮ
:<ｌミミご烹奄､
●や■｡●■■●o●●
Fig.１．Physiogral)11iczonesofNcpal
InNepal(are､:小17,181ｋ,１２),lheChuriyaHillscover12.7％ｏｌｔｈｃＩ()tallaI1dilremandcollIributeto
25.8％oflheforestcoveroflhecounI｢>'(LRMl〕1978).Chllriym'shardwoodcomponcllI(S/１０庇，(lrol)lｲsmand
Ter"ｌｉ１ｌｌｌ１ｉｌＩｓ})p)islhehigheslinIhe(x)unlrywhichcomprises37％ｏ(lh〔'1(北１１(11Ｍ(iNlO88).Thcexisting
proIeclednelworkdocs】1olencoml)assIheChu｢iyaHillsbumtlcasMwoproIecledmremsinIhesouth,Cl1iIwall
andBardia,arebordercdwilhIhelIills・AIsomep1acestheChuriyalIiⅡｓｃｏｕｌｄａｌｓ()n1akcbiolo8icalcorridorsuchasbeIwecnllKlrdiaall(IShlIklaPhanIainIhefar-wcslerllNepill・
TI1ereisa8rowilIBconcerllonmpiddeleriomtiol1o(thcChuri)'allillsillNc1〕３１.AsIhehumallen‐
croachmenIconIil1llesIoillcredlse,Iｈｅ(ra8ilelandscapeofChuriyaisindilI1Ber」lowever,ecolo8icalinfor‐
maIionollChuri)'i1llillsofNeI)i1lisnlmostllo汁existence,exceｐｔａ（(ｐｗｓＩｕｄｉｃｓｃ()nducIediIlsul)porto（
developmcntacIivⅡics､Tllepres(ｐｎｔｓｌｕｄｙ,collducledilleasIcrnNep(】１，ｃ(ｗｃｒｃｄＩｈ(pChuriyalliⅡsbctween
MechiandSapmkoSlli.'｢hesIudyincludedsixmajorareas,viz.(i)chnngcill1im〔I-llscpnucmill1958,l978
andl992,(ii)(Iorislicc()mposiIi()'１，(olPstslrucIureandre8clleraIioI1,(iii)lruesl〕ccicsi1ssociaIion,(iv)Iocal
knowledgcollplantllse,(v)disIribllIionofbuIIcrHies,ａｎｄ(vi)baselill〔pin(ormaIi()、()nbirdspccics．
－９６－
ＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＬＯＧＹ
Ｓｔｕｄｙａｒｅａ
ＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙａｒeaisapartofIhcChuriyaineastNepal(26.40,Ｎ-2753'Ｎ,87.08,E-88.11,E)exlcndin8105
kmfromthcMechiRiVer(Nepal,seasternborder)toIheSaptakoshiRivercoveringatotalareaof779.24
kｍ2(widIh:５００ｍ‐２０ｋｍ;elevalioll:115-1300ｍ)(Fig.２).Therewere390villa8es(settlemenls)under37
ViUa8eDevelopmentCommittecsofIhefivedisIricts:]I1apa(32.9ｋｍz),Ｍｏｍｎｇ(211.3ｋｍz)andSunsari
(89.4ｋｍ2)disIriclsandllam(443.9ｋｍ2)andDhaI1kuta(Ｌ８ｋｍ２)disIricIs．
926000
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Ｙ■６６００■“」OETCpOObD仇fFUUM。Ａ８７０＞羽 Ｆ”､淀SIB■-ＵＷＤ｢Ｆ連P時ＨｂｄａＨＯ８･■1,1粥9
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17i8.2．Geogmphicre(er(mcepoil1lsforsamp1ingillIhｅＣｈｕｒｉ>'aofeasterIlNepal．
Ｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ
ｌ１ｏｒＣＩＳ(Ceo8raphiclll((〕rmaIiol1Systelll)allalysis,１１１１℃eIime-scriesmapsof1958(scalcl:63,360；
Govt.ｏ(Illdial961),1978(scalel:50,000;ＩRMP/IlMCN1986)ａｎｄｌ９９２(scalel:25000;ＨＭＧＮ/PINNIDA
1996)weredigitizedugin8Arclllfｏ３５２ａｎｄＡｒｃｖｉｃｗ３２.Ｌan(l-usecategorieSwerca8riculture,forest,shrub，
gmziI18,barren,andsimd/gravcl」､(ormatiollwerealsoassesscdforurbk1narea,swamp,tea/coffeepIallta‐
tion,orcllardandiI1(rasIructuresllChascanals・
Samplin8pIots(orfielddamcolleclionwereascermillcdusin88eogmphical8ｒｉｄｓｏｎｌ９９２ｍａｌ〕ｕｓm8
randomtablcofRohlfandSokal(1969)．Ｉｎｔｈｅ(ieldIhe8ridswerelocatedwiththehelpofGlobalPosition‐
in8System､Therewcrealto8elher35geogmphicreference}〕oints(samplill88rids).Fieldsurveyswcrecom‐
－９７‐
pleIedbetweenJanuary‐April,2000．
Ve8eIationsampIin8sweredonemquadrates,each8ridbasedsiIecomprisedoftwolargequadrates
(25ｍｘ２５ｍ)represenIingtwodifferentslopeswhereappIicableForshrubstratum,eachsuchquadratehad
twosub-quadｍｔｅｓｏｆ５ｍｘ５ｍ,alldfoursmallquadralesoflmxlmlor8roundve8etation・ＳａｍｐＩｉｎｇｐａ‐
rametersincludedheight,ＤＢＨ,coverage,seedlingandsapIingdensityofpIantspeciesBeside,nolingsiIe
condiIioll,soilsaml)leswerecollecIedfromlllestudyploIs､Rccordedplantswereidelllifiedatspecieslevel
wherepossibleandspecimenwerecolIfirmedaIIheNationallIerbarium,Codavari(ＫＡＴＨ).Nomcnclature
followsPressel(7/(2000)．
OccurrenceofbirdandbuIterHywererecordede汁rouIetolhesamplin8pIols・Elhnobolanicalinfor‐
mationwere8alhered(romthcnearestvilla8e/settlementsofthesampIingploIs(orwhichrapidethllo‐
bolanicalappraisal(Marlinl995)wasapp1ied､Ve8eIationdamwerealsocollecteｄ(rom64selectedpointsm
anelevaIiollaldi(fercnceof100men-routeloIhesaｍｐｌｉｎ８８ｒｉｄｓｗｈｉｃｈｍｎ８ｅｄｆｒｏｍ２００-800ｍ．
RESULTS
Landusepattem
GISanalysisoflherecelltmap1992showedthatIhemajorlandilltheChuriyail1theeastemNepal
wasoccupiedbylhcforestswithanareaof477.28kmzcoverillg61､25％ofIhetotalarea(779.24ｋｍ2)andthe
a8riculIurelandwas221.71ｋｍz(28.45％).Sandand8ravelcoverednearly6､0％indicaIin8Iheprescnceofa
lar8ｅｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｏｆｒｉｖｅｒｓａｎｄｓｌｒｅａｍｓ､Ｓｈｒｕｂａｎｄ８ｒａｚｉｌ１８１ａｎｄｏｃｃｕｐｉｃｄＬ5％each,andthercsIlalld-use
includingllrbanareilmade1.5(ルl〕ｏｔｈｔｈｅ(oresIsanda8riculIurelaI1dsvariedinsimilarpaIterllinlheir
altitudinaldislribuIionwhiChwe1℃hi8hinlowerelevation(〈300ｍ)(l11ddecreascd8mduallyinlhehigher
elevaIionshowinganinlerrelaIionshipbetwccntheforeslsanda8riculIuralpracliCcsinNepal.(Fig.3)．
AnaIysisshowedIhattheforestcovcrhasdecreasedbyover25(>(,inlesslhan35years､1,1958,the
tolalareaoftheforeslsinIheCllllriyawas631.6km2sharil１８８１．０％ofIheIotalarea・Ｂｙｌ９７８,ildecrcasedb)’
10％orallareaequivalcntlo63､５ｋｍ2.1,1992,itlurIherdeIerioratedandtheforeslsshrunkloaIomlal･eａｏ（
477.2ｋｍ２.Durill8Ihcsameperiod,thea8ricullurelalldhadincreascdbymorethanl20％,i､e・(romatolal
areaoflOl8kmziI11958ｔｏ２２１．７km2inl992､Also,incrcmclltinagriclllturelandwashi8hcomparatively
belweenl978-l9921hanl958-1978､WhileIhchi8hesI8aillwasfora8ricｕｌｔｕｒｅｗｉｔｈｌ２７１ｋｍzｏｒ５６％oflhe
totalchangedal･ea,andamar8inalchallgeforurbａｎａｒｅａｗｉｌｈａ８ａｉｎｌｃｓｓＩｈａｎＯ.'別,ofthetolalchallgedarea、
Similarl)',grazin81qndalldshrllblandhadincrcaseddllrillgIhepcriodattheexpenseofforesIs・Onthe
otherhaI1d,IherewasaliIlle8ain(489ｋｍ2)(orlheforesIswhichincludedsomeforms()(})lanIatiolls(Tablel)．
-９８－
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④
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Lシご-●０Ｖ、～▲●●ｑ｢いＨｅＡＢＷｐＣケ｡“上■０●クワ■PDi■ゼハ■Ｕ２.■O凶ＬＯＤＷ
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Fig.3．Li1I1dusepMIcrll()[IheChllri)'ilill］992,ｃ(１s比rIlNepnl
Ｔｍｂｌｅｌ
Ｌ【ln(lljsepatterIlinl958，１９７８（I､(ｌl992inChurjynDea81ernMlpal
LanlIll5e
1９９２
1９７８
1９５８
Ａ｢PJu（km2）Ａ｢、（兜）Ａｒｅａ（kInJ）ＡＴＧ、（外）Ａ｢PMkm2）Ａ｢e、（兜）
F【)rlNbil
(i:1155
Ｈ１Ｕ
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7２．９
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６１．２
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221.71
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１５
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0.7
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53.12
６．８
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rroIIlI
779.24１()0.0771124ＩＯＵ(）779.24】００．０
ＦＩｏｒｉｓｔｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｏｒｅｓtsIructu｢ｅ
Ｏｗ「２６５vtlsclIIarplantHpccics,belol1llin8Io85(ilmiliesandl788enera,wcrerecordedfromIhe
studysitcs､Famil>'Ｌ(D8uminosacincludcdlhchi8hestllumbcro(sl)(J(jcs(25SPP.)whichincludedrare／
Ihremtene（1t１℃esIxjDcicHlikeD(lルノXhlj(l/llljβ()i11iIlldA(T7dll(wl(，｢Alｲ,ａｎｄ(ｍ(lemicspecicsOr"J()Ｓｍｇﾉﾛllr1l・Olher
familicsc()mprisiIl8hi8hnumb(Ｐｒ()（specieHwereCmmineae（ｌ６Ｈｌ〕P.),Composime（l2spp.）and
Euph()rbiacekle(l()sl)1).).Byhabil,１１℃eandsub-Ireespeciesc()mprisedIhehi8hesIcoml〕osiIioI1wiIh45％ｏｆ
ｔｈｅｔ(〕mlsl1ccies,(()Ⅱ()wedbyllcrbs(22％),Shrllbs(20％),LinIm(10(X))ｉｍｄＩ７ｅｒｎ(3％)．
Outofl61)Ii1nIso(Nepalincludedi11ClTljS,threespccics(ＣＭ11/IMC(,(]s/】.,Cyals1)Pclj"(１１(landＲ(ＩＷＣ伽
serﾉﾉﾋﾟ""１１(1)ｗｅｒｅ(()llndinthestudicsarca(〕｢Chllriya・ＡＩＯいＩＣ(３６individualsofCﾉ)(,clj）l(lmwer(Dobserved
-９９－
whichwerefoulld8rowin8moｓｌ１ｙｉｎｌｈｅＳ〔ﾉli"川and/orSﾉﾉo'wJforesIsillassocialionwithPﾉＩＯＦ"/Xsp・and／
orPnl1(mlIlls/ilscic1(/nrjs,Similarly,l9individualsofCl/"lﾊclJsp・wcrealsolloIed・Therecordedindividualsof
bolhspecicswere8rowillgnearslrcamsandinIheeasIernsitesinlhcalIiIlldinalmn8eof300-750m・Seven
rareand/orendal18ercdspecicsidclllifiedb)'ＩＵＣＮ,andSeveralspecicsofspeci[icsciellti(icinlerestwere
alsonoIed・
TI1eforesIs()[ChllriyaillcilSIerllN(J1)alwereesIimMedwiIhilbi1st】ｌａ1℃a(1)Ａ)(〕f37.28ｍ211(T1anda
densityof78651111a-１.Ｔｌｌｅ１〕【℃(1ominallttreespeciesatcanol〕ysIl･aIum(hei8ht〉１０ｍ)wereSﾉﾉ(〕'(?(1)UDI(Ｓｍ
(relativebasalarea:`#1.0`X,),Ｔｌ，r"ｌｉｊ１１ｌ１ｎｌＲＭｌ１(RBA:6.8％),L(ISU’rSlroC"ln1/)'1ﾊﾟ)(/１１()ｍ(5.0`X,),imdAdi11l1cordl/bﾉﾉ(ｌ
(5.0％).ＭｅａｎＤＢＨ(diameIeraIbrcaslhei8hl)ofIhesespecieswas26､４ｃｍ,Ihou8ha(ＣＷＳ・rol)!(sｍｈａｄａ
ｍａｘｉｍｌｌｍＤＢＨｏ（124.()ｃｍ・ThcdomillanlspeciespresellIedaspomdicIweofsizc-classdislribulionindi‐
catin8IhevariaIiollinsnmp1epIoIsand/orpresenceofspecicswiIhdifkrel1la8e8rolll)sBesideIhesespe‐
cies,IhcmoslfrequcnIlyoccurril18(Freq.〉40％)treeswereS(wlFalrﾉﾉl(s（１）1,1(ｗ(/jl("1,ハルｉｚｉｌｌｌＦｌ)l)(，ck,Syzl/Ｒｊｌｌ"Ｉ
Ｃﾉｲ"lﾉﾉｌｊ,(1)！(ｌＳｃﾉﾉﾉ"l(、()(1"ｊ(ｿlﾉﾉ.ＳＭＩﾉﾉｉｃﾉﾉﾉﾉｗａｓ()bscrvedupIo300m,alowcslrecordo［iIsoccurrcl1cewhich
couldbeaIIribuledIoIhemoislerclwirollso(eastcmNepal.(Fig.４，Tablc2)．
TheundcrslorysImlum(111.〈4ｍ),hadsl〕ecieslikeCoMjloolW()ﾉ)”ｊｌｉ/b/i(](I;『(x1.329％),Ｅｌリノl110rM〃
SPP.(Freq.＞22％),ｌ似，(ＩＳＰ.(Frcq・'8.6％),ＭＩＩ(?s(J1"()）11(1)川(Freq､17.1％),ａｌ１ｄｌｌｌ)(，ﾉl"I(，ﾉﾌﾞ１１１)/(lllﾉﾉ)ﾉﾘﾉﾉﾊ】(F｢(Jq､15.7％)．
Thehi8hcsldensiI)',h()wcver,wnsllli1IofCﾉﾋﾞrolﾉ1Ｗ,lrM"lu1scosl""wiIh29lOI1M1､ＥＩＩﾉ】111()ｒｎｌ"ＩＳＰ.`ＣＯﾉ)/)()sノリbﾉ､，
andﾉﾘloCllなsyﾉ【!(PSlrjs,nlreespeciesbutoccurringinthellllderstor)'illIhesludysite(Avem8cll1.1.3ｍ)，
sharedcompamlivcl)'ahi8hbasalarea,ｅａＣｈｈａｖｉｌｌ８ＲＢＡｏｖｅｒ３､0％・ＴｌｗＩ;roundslmIllmwaspoorl)'devel‐
Table2
Structuralpmrameter8ｏ1.,1lljortreespecie8intheChuTiya，ea8terllNcpaI
SNSpecies
１
６５２２０８２５０４０４３５０
１
２２２２２１２１２１２１１１２
１
●●巳●●け。□凸の■■■ｅ□
１９６８６０７３３３６５２０２
９８０８６８８５８７１５８７１
１
５．６
１１
７．７
１
８４２３．４
２８６０５．８
７．２
１１６．７
４３６０２７０３６４７７６５５
１５７４４．９
８．２
２８９７８７０５０３７４１４０
ＴＯＴＡＩＪ
９２０４．１
８．２
●●●●●●■●●■●●。ｐ●
１５”〃"/"ｲﾉﾉﾉ〃DPﾉ〃が(?〃
３６７１５．８
１４．０
０６８８５０８６０８４１１２５
１４１ＤｕｔｌＩｌｉＫＭＭ
8860.3
１２．１
５
ｌ３此"｡()“〃"〕"Ｓルβﾉﾌﾉﾉﾙ"ノノ
56638.2
１９．８
８０９１５１６１７５１６６５１
１２ＭＷｏ/ｕｓﾉﾙﾙﾉﾉjnPw7s/ｓ
9569.3
１９．１
１０．７
２２２２１２２１２１３１１３
ｌｌＬ"""“（Ｗ切刃”此〃〔Ｐａ
７９１８１．５
１６．１
６０４９２６５２０５５１０３４
ｌＯＧｒｅｌｒｊＤＱ/Ｗｗ
２３９４４４
３７．３
２４．３
６１１
９/ｌｄｍａ〔ＷＩﾒﾉﾊＷａｐ
２９２４０．９
162.4
９６０６８４８５６３３３０３２
８６Ver〔Ｗﾉﾉ〃１７"OS〃
366922
●●●ＣＧ■●■●。●。●●●
７SCA/"】ＨＤＷタノ〃〔.A〃、
108941.8
００８３８５０６５６３６０５８
６ＳＫＩ'２J<9Ｗﾉ"ｊｃｌﾉ､/"ノ
80047.0
外／bａＮｌｎｏａｌｌｍａｘｌ１１ｅａｕｍａｘ
４５６２１１５０３０２０１０１
５′1ﾉﾊﾉzノィノノC66eCA
7０２８７１．１
ＲI)ADensStcII】Ｉ)l)1１（cn】）Ileight（、）
４
４＆ｖ"e(?/jl7wJw7"JJ(ｗＹｍﾉ"）
Ｆ●の。●■●●■ＤＢ●●白●
３九ｍﾉﾉ”ﾉ、ａﾉ"/a‘
７０４３９９０７３４４４６３９
２１，ａｇＷＳｌｍＣｍｌａ”｢I'ﾉﾉﾙ、‘
５０１４２２０５４１１１８４２
８７５４４４４３３３３３２２２
１ＳＡＯ八DJJm6"SlJJ'
ＢＡ
Ｆｒｅｑ９１ｃｍ２
1５９７３１２．０１００．０７８６．５３３７０１７．８１２４７．４７５
巾donlinnntsI)eｃｉｃ３ｂｙＩｌＩｌＡ＃Ｌｏｃｏ１１Ｍｌｍｅ
-100-
Hoi9hIClassDisIribution
ＤＢＨＣ１ａｓｓＤｉｓＩ｢ibuIion
６２８４０６２６２８４０６２
Sho「eambusIa
。
｝
2860
０５０１００
２２１１１
Ｃ
LageﾉsＩ／Ｏ０ｍ/ａ
ｐａ/vﾉｿﾉOﾉａ
０１０２０３０
１■■■■■
２８４
２１１
０６２
１
・
・
。
二
■
二
■
。■
■■
｜■■■
■■■
■■■■
■■■
■□■■
■■■
■■■■■
２１１
０５０５０
ロロロロ■四四四ｍ四四ｍ
2５
２２１１１
l[|lOlm1MllllIlL-
髻
二
7,7)/､aﾉﾉｮａ旧lａ
０２０４０６０８０１００
2２
２０１
Scﾉﾘ/ｍａｗａﾉﾉﾙﾉﾘﾉﾉ
一
1２０
０５１０１５
2２
８４０６２
（【上）の②⑩一○五ｍ｜の工
１１１
DBHclass(c、）
１１１
１L1111,,M,繊癬
８４０６２
１[''1.1ⅡLhⅧ－
＝
Somecamus
anacaU7um
０５１０１５２０
Slemnumber(N）
Fig.４．DiamIcratbrcasthcight(DBIl)alldheightcl&ISSdisIribulion
ofmajortrecsl)cciesinthcC11uriya,castemNepal
‐１０１‐
opedwilhacovem8eof15.4％inavem8ewhichcanbeatlributedtoprevailingdryseasondurin8Iheinves‐
ti8aIionandwidespreadover-grazｉｎ8.Ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｂｕｎｄａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｂｙｆｒｅｑｕｅncyofoccurrencewere
OP1js"ＩＣ"llssp.(Freq､23.46%),C(lﾉﾉﾉﾙe(/jIllll(ｌｓｓｉ"l庇(Fre〔]､16.54%),andSi(ﾉﾛcor(ﾉlJm(Freq､10.38%).Byrelativedominance,Ｃｑ５ｓｊ)"i化,Arll)!dj"eﾉﾉﾛﾉﾉﾋﾞﾉ)(l1cllsjs,Ｏ/)ﾉﾉs"IC'11ｲＳＳＰ.,A8〃(111"〃ＣＯ'11/zoi(ｌｃｓａｎｄＣＩ１ｒｃｘｃｒｌにjMJ
weremostprevalelllinlhearea．
ＴｒｅｅSpeciesassociation
Adendro8mm(romsimilarityanal)'sisbasedonRBAandHorisliccomposiIioncate8orizedIhesludy
siteintoseven8roupswithvar)'in8diversiI)'index・T11emajor8roul)swerelhatofdominaledbyShoｸﾞﾋﾟ(l
rol)ＩＩＳ､,Tcr"!ｊ"ﾛﾉﾉｍ/lllm,L"gersfluf1"j(1ﾉｗＭ()r(１，A(/j"17corllﾘt)ﾉ､,Scﾉji"l(JM1nﾉﾉﾉcﾉlijalldBol"l)llxcc肋１１.Thepre‐
dominalltspecieswasS､roblｲsminIhestudiedsiteindicaIin8ilshi8her8erminaIiollpercellla8e,hi8her
adaplabilityandhi8herrateofsurvivorship・ThespecieswasreCordedasdomil1antspeciesin24siIes(375％
oftheloIal),andco-dominantillatleastllsiles､However,asalsoshownbythedendrogmm,Ｓ､rol)Msm
appearedalon8wilhotherdomiI1antand/orco-dominantlreesinthosesites(Table3)．
Tablc3
A8sociatinnfrequency（Wi）ｏｆｍａｊｏｒｔｒｅｅｓＩ]eciesintheChuriya，ea8ternNePal
A8sociated
AssocintionFreq，９【１
,SﾙoreamOUsfa
7.日ﾉａｒａＬ．/ｗＷ/701ａｓ.､"“"畝"ｍａｗａﾉﾉﾉcﾉＷ４.CuJYﾉﾉﾉbﾉﾉaTotal3pp．
４２．１８
ルｒｍ/"且ﾉﾉａＪＴﾉｄｗｌａ
３５．９３
3２．８１
２１．８８
20.31
２８．１３
１７．１９
９３８
１７．１９
２０３１
７．８１
１７．１９
９．３８
７．８１
Ｌａ“rszJUcm/βノｗｗ〃om
8bme“"【ﾉｓＤ"acam/""Ｊ
７．８１
ＳｂＡｊｍａＩＩ'βﾉﾉﾉcﾉｹｶﾞ
Ａ磁血“J1"/b"ａ
６２４２０９
４４４３２３
species
OutofGlsaml〕lill8sites,Ｓ､rol)l(ｓｍｗａｓ｢oulldassocialedwiIhoneormores}〕ccicsin49siles,andwas
8rowingwith46t〉'pcsoftreespcciesinIotalWhilcL・ﾉﾉ(1ﾊﾟ１帆ｏｍａｎｄ７.､MhadanassociationwiIh44and
42t>'pesofspecies.Ｓ・roblｲsmshowedthehi811cstassociaIiollwiIhalldominanIspecies；ｗｉｔｈ７.ｌｌﾉ(J1ｑ42.2％
frequency,ｗｉｔｈＬﾉ)llW7or"35.リルｗｉｔｈＳ.("1(ｌｍｒｌﾉﾉＭ１"32.8％,ｗｉｔｈＳ.【()(ﾘﾉﾉic/lii21リルandwithA.coll/(/b/jn
203〔ルAhi811associaIionwasalsoseenbelwceI1T.(Jﾉﾛﾉ(ＩａｎｄＬ./)(１Ｍ/１１(〕ｍ(28.1`X,).Onlheotherhand,Ｓ・
『(MJﾉﾉﾉcMshowedlesserassociaIionfrequency(<10％)exceptwiththeS､roblｨ５，.Amoll8Ihedominantspe‐
cies,Ｓ､ｒｏｌ)lｲsl(JhadIhewidestdisIribuIiollmn8eandoccurredfrom200-800malliludes,whileST()(lﾉﾉﾉcﾉJノノ
wasbasicallyamidllillelementmostlydistribuIedabove500m．
Ｌｏｃａｌｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅａｎｄｅｔｈｎｉｃｇｒｏｕｐｓ
ＴhepreselltsIudydocumellted82sI〕eciesofmedicinalpIallIsand76wildedibleplanIs・A1Io8ether
‐１０２－
301ypesofdiseaseswere(oulldIobeIreaIedbyphyIo-therapyusil1gIhereported82plantspeciesinlhe
Churi)'aofeastNepaLAz(7(ﾉﾉｍｃﾉﾉＷ"(ﾉﾉclJ(Ｎｅｅｍ)wasreporIedtobeusedforlhehi8hestnumber(10)of
diseasesasanIiseptic,anal8esic,aIlIispasmodicalldanIipyreIic・Thespecieswasfoulldalsoeffectivetocure
diabetes,gastric,sllakebiteand化verduetotyphoid,malaria,pIleumollia・Threespecies,viz.Ｐ/ｌｙｌ！(1)11ﾉｌｌｌｓ
(ﾘ"lﾉﾉﾉc､(Amala),AqRﾉe"､r"|ﾋﾞﾉ0s(I〕Ｃｌ),andﾉﾘ1ﾉO8mcMfA11sl/iyrsﾘ７０１１１s(Chuwa)werereportedtobeusedforsix
differenldiseaSes､Similarly,RMU01/1ims(】'7)c"ｌｊ１ｌ１ｌ(CI1andmaruwa),B1llfl1"1ｉ"or(Bllolelro)andTell"j"(1ﾉﾉﾛ”んrkW
(Barro)werealsofoul1dformulIi-usesIreatin8atleastsixdi([erellIIypeso(coml〕lainIsanddisorders・
Amongthe{ourmajoreIhnic8roupsinterviewed,Limbureporledalolalof64medicinalp1anls
(781％ofthetotalpIanIsreportcdf()rmedicinalpurposes)whileBahun-ChheIriin(ormed55suchspecies
(67.Ｗ,ofthetolal).Similarly,RaiandMagarinformed43and37spccicsrespectively(Fig.５).Inavera8e，
cachindividualbelon8il18toLimbu,RaiandMagarwasfamiliarwithlcssthanfourspeciesofmcdicillal
p1anIs,whileeachindividualbelon8in8IoBahun-ChheIriwas(amiliarwithmorethamfivesuChplanls・The
LimbuswerethepiolleeringalldsIilldominalltin11abilanIso(theChuriyaiIlI〕aslNepal､BahlmandChhelris，
dominaiingsocialHillduclasshtwe8ivenIhemaccesstobeltcrIhcircdllcalion・ＴｈｅｙｈａｄｋｌＩｏｗｌｅｄ８ｅｏｎ
ＡｙｕｒｖｅｄａｎｄｏtherHilldulileralu1℃whichcontainaweallhofkllowled8eonplanIsalldplantuses．
００００００００
７６５４３２１
，の⑩．⑩←仁⑩一Ｑ一ロに一○一つのＥ一○・ｏｚ
DＵＢ２
ﾄいｉＭａＣ
Chhetri
EIhnicGroups
Fig,５．Nllmbcrofmedicinalplantsusedbyvarious
ctbnicgroupslivillgintheChuriyaofl〕asINcI)al
Distributionofbutterilies
A1to8ether35speciesbelon8in8Io288ｅｎｅｍａｎｄ８{amilieswcreellumemtedfromthepresenIsludy
siIeoftheChuriyaofeastemNepal(Table4).Thedocumentedspeciescom1)riseｄ5.3％ofthetotalspeciesof
butterfliesknowntoNcpal・Cellusl)r(，cｊＳｗａｓfoundＩｏｂｅｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｗｉｌｈｉＩｓｆｏｕｒspecies,ｗｈｉｌｅ
/Mﾉﾉyﾉﾉﾉ(1,,,）Ｍ１ｲs,Ｄﾋﾟﾉﾉｌ７ｓａｎｄＥﾉ!/"lﾉﾉﾉ(ｌｓｗｅｒｅａｌｓｏｃｏｍｍｏｌｌｉｎＩｈｉｓｐｍｒＩ（hercstweresinglespecies8enus・
Fi8ure2showsthatthcmajoriIyofrccordcdspeciescome[r(〕mNymphalidaefamil)'whichcomprised
34､3％fouowedb)'Lycaenidae(20.()！X)),Pieridae(14.3％)andSatyridae(11.4％)．
Consideringseasonalchan8c,thespeciesricImessofbuIlcr(ｌｙｗａｓ[olmdtoincreasefromwinterlo
－１０３－
sprin8season､Outof35speciescollecIed，１５species(42.85％)werefoundinwinterseasonandIherestin
sprin8・Asi811i(icantcorrelalionwasfoundbetweenthespeciesriclmessandthemonthsilldicalin8thatlhe
ablmdallceofbullerflywasposilivelyaffectedbyapproachin8warmerdaysandavailabiliIyofmorefood
thatislheneclar・Similarly,lhespecicsrichllessofbutterflyilllheChuriyaofeastNepal8raduallyincreased
upto500m,lhel1itdecreased､Thistcndenc>'correspondswilhlheareaofshrub-landil1Ihestudiedarea
indicaIin81hehabilatpreferencesofthcbulterfIies､However,IhehabiIatlossisadverselya(feCtill8Ihebut‐
terflydiversiI)'illNepal．
Ｔａｂｌｅ４
Di8triIjUtionOfbutterflyspecieBiIldifroren0altitudes（､）ａｎｄ８ｏａＢｏｎＢｉｎｔｂｏ Churi ８．eaBtcrnNepal
A11iludG（【Ⅱ
FdllliIvADclfics
Scdsoll
２５０３５０４５０５５０６５０７５０８５０９５０１０５０
1150
WillIcrSprinFK
lDdIiliollidoP
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十十
十十十
十十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十十
＋
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
＋
十十
ノjｾﾂﾉｿﾞﾉわけ“ﾉﾛﾉc"s
十十
十十
ﾉﾌﾞhjm"/q/raaJ7s(｡/ｂにv'＠
lDiPridkIc
十十
十十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十
十十十
十十十十
十十
十十十
十十
十十十
十十十
十十十
十十十
十十
十十
十十十
十十十
十
十
＋
＋＋＋＋＋十
＋
十十
十
十・十
＋
十十十
＋
(姫sDmbU"〃〃ﾉo〔/Ｕｓ
十
十十
卜
十十十
ハノcﾉﾖﾉﾉﾉ〃ｓノ[Yﾉａ
十十
ＬＰ"Ｉｐ〔ｗ７ハノ＆/『
＋
十十卜
＋
十
十十十十十
ｓ`Ilyri(LMP
〃.ｗﾉﾉ"ノルラノ""/pﾉﾋﾟﾉｓ
ａｗ""/“/Ｗｗ"）"ｊＦｆｒａ
＋
十十十十十十
/牝C/Sルノ〃んｎ
十十十十十十十
＋
十十
ﾉ対"〔q/ｗﾌﾞｲlAoJMD'7曲
Ｚ物""“/ａノG/放/“
Aiw"Drp"/〃〃〃ﾉ”
十十十
ノケU『?/ｓノc"1,Ｗ/"ｓ
Ｐ'℃c店〃ｍｌｚ"Ｊａ
十十
Ａ/bﾉＷＳﾙﾘｿﾞｨﾘｓ
〃、/Ｓｳｶﾉ/ａ
十十十十十十十十十
Ｊｌﾉ"o"/〃ｲﾉﾉ"ﾉｺﾉﾉﾛ
十
十十
Ab/sww/)"汀
NymuPIMIi(IdHc
ﾉlrZr.ｌ'"ｊ〃ノノ”
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十十
＋
NPuuwolDiilIolC
十十
Ｌ"ﾉﾉﾘ”Ｃｓ“c『/〔ws
＋
十十
ＪＩＴ"ﾉ"ﾊﾉｂｓｎﾉ“/Ｏ
Z7zec〃ロ〃ＪＭa
十十
十十
十十
＋
↓、十
ﾊﾞﾉ､qノリＷａ"curjrG"fa"､ﾉさ
ccAJs〃/"ﾛﾊﾞﾉs/rT
ﾙﾉﾉﾛﾉｶoﾊﾞﾊﾟﾉＳｃ〆c/ｃ
十十
LWHG11i(１Ｍ、
’1"J647rrﾉ、〃｢Csﾙ
十十十
Ｇtﾊｲ'G/〕feJ:ｊｗﾉﾒﾘ"")"ノ
ノヴeJ7盃６ｍｇ副“D
十十
十十
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＋
十十
〃c〃“。“ＣＯ"ﾉｂｅ.sノ
〃c〃"sAj7wcfc
ＤｄｌＭｉｌＬｌｃ
十十
十十
ｍ"`"ｓ圃創“
ﾉﾙﾉﾉ""ｓ`M''2｝“ｍＪｓ
ＥｆＶｙ〔，“【Porp
IIQPspcri(l`ＩＩＰ
7℃匂"(/“ノノ〔広れ】SYI
＋
ToIdI７１６２５２９２４２３１９1３１１１０１５２１
Note：＋dcnolespreseIlce
－１０４‐
Baselineinformationonbirds
Atotalofl50birdspecieswererecordedtotaling2,374birdsdurin8thefieldstudy､Fromtheob‐
serveddaIa,ilwasinferredthataspecies/timecurveisofinterestbecauseitnotonlyindicatesspecies
richllessperullittimeilwesImentbutalsoascertainswhethertimeilwestmenIinthefieldwasadequate､Of
the255observation,birdswerepredominantlyobservedeitheril1foresls(38％)orinfarmlands(31％).Ａｄ‐
ditional24observationswerenoIinchldedintheanalysisasbirdswereseenHyingoutofa8ivenhabiIat
type・MajoriIyofthebirdswerefOundina8riculturefields,especiallyattheedgeofcultivationordegraded
shrubberies・
Allobservedbirdspecieswere8roupedmIofourcategoriestodeterminetheirstatus:endan8ered(E)，
vuh1erable(V),rareandconmlon､n1efirstIwocate8ories(ＥａｎｄＶ)constihlte4％ofthetotalspecies(Table5)．
Oftheobservedbirdspecies,gianthombill(Bllc〃osl)jcorlljs),paleblueHycatcher(Ｍ１ｲscjc(IﾉﾉHlll1ico[ｏｒ),and
loll8-tailedbroadbill(ＰＳαﾉﾌﾞso"J1/sdnl/ＩＣＩ(sme)areendan8ered・SpeciesIhatarevulnerablewerecrow-billed
drongo(Ｄｊｃ)wrlｲsn'111〔Pcm"s),pintailgreenpi8eon(Trero〃npic(Ｍ､)ａｎｄlargenecklacedlau8hing-thrush
(Ｃｌｍｗﾉnxpuclol"ﾉﾉs).Theoran8e-breastedgreenpi8eon(Trero'11)jcjlJcl(7)wasconsideredrare､Somesixhabi‐
Iatsiteswhereallendangeredandvulnerablespecieswerefound,werecol1sideredimportantforbirdsand
lhesesitesneedtobemoniIoredtocheckifthesespeciescontinuetoexistinsuchadversesettings．
Table5
Bird8tatusandob8ervationfrequencyintheChuriya，ea8temNepal
Ｎｏ．ofslDeriP5
No.ofobscrvjlioms
３３１３
５１.(ｕｓ
６
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
４
１
Commom
８
１
２３５９
ＡＣＫＮＯＷＬＥＤＧＭＥＮＴ
ＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｗａｓｓｕｐｐｏrtedbyProNaturaFundtolhefirstauthor・GISfacilityandCPSweremade
availablebytheResourcesHimalaya,Kathmalldu・SincerestlhanksaretoDrT・NakamuraofNahlralHistory
Museumalldlnslitute,ChibaandProf,DrMOhsawaofUniversityofTokyofOrtheirkmdCooperation・
AllGISworkwasconductedbyBidurBaidya・CiriJoshialldBhesholididHoristicsurveyDaya
BhusalconducledbutterHysurvey.ＧokamaKhanalconductedbirdsurvey・WethankthemaU．
ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＳ
Ｂｈａｔｔ,ＤＢ､1977.NaturalHistoryalldEconomicBolanyofNepal・OrientLongmanLtd・NewDelhi
Carson,Ｂ､1985.ErosionandsedimelltationprocessesinlheNepalHimalaya・ＩＣＩＭＯＤＯｃｃｎｓ/０１JﾛﾉI〕αperL
IntemationalCentreforlnte8ratedMolmtainDevelopment,Kathmandu、
CovI・ｏｆＩｎｄｉａｌ９58.ＩＭｍｌ１ＳＭｒＷｙＭＨ/)I958SurveyofIndiaOf(ices,Ｃｏｖｔ､ｏｆｌｎｄｉａ・
Hagen,Ｔ､1908.ＮＣＩ)Hﾉ.HimalBooks,ＰＯＢｏｘ４２,Lalilpur,NepaLForthed・
ＩｌＭＧＮｌ９８８Ｍ(vslcrlﾘｌＪ'j/brPoreslrySecforMWm/ＭｎｊｊｊＲｑｊ０〃.MinistryofForesIsandSoilConservation,His
maiestyosGovt・ofNepal／Covt､ofFinland,Kathmalldu・
Itihara,Ｍ,Tatsuo,SandNoboru,Ｍ､1972.Photo8eologicalsurveyoftheSiwalikrangesandTeraiplains，
southeasternNepalJ､Ccoscje'ＩＣＣＳ,OsakaUniv､１５:77-98.
-１０５－
HＭＧＮ/PINNIDA1996・LRMllsFM")1992.HisMajesty,sGovt・ofNepal／Covt・ofFinland,KaIhmalldu
LRMP/HMGN1986､LanduseMapl978・LandResourcesMappingProiect､Dep1.ｏ(Forests,HisMajesty0s
Govt､ofNepal／Govt.ｏ(Canada／KeatingEarthSciences,Kalhmandu、
Martin,ｃル1915.Elhllol）ohllll/:八Ｍ(?'ﾉlodsMnlllｲﾛﾉ,ChapmanandHalls,Londoll、
Press,I.Ｒ,Shrestha,ＫＫ､andSutlon,、Ａ､2000八"'loledCﾉ1“Mislq/ﾉﾉl(，F1ol(）crill8ﾉﾘmllsq/Ｎｃｌ"M・Natural
HistoryMuseum,LoI1don・
RohlfJ.F・andSokal,Ｒ､R､1969．ＳｍｌＭａｌ１７ＭﾉﾉCs．Ｗ､Ｈ・ＦｒｅｅｍａｎａｎｄＣｏ.．
鞆l01Olプ【ルナトウーラ・ファンド助成成果報告ｉｌ｝（2001）
』曰
要
ネパールシワリク山地の植生の生態学的研究
動的景相域（ランドスケープ）における生物極管理
ブジュ・ディネス、ヨンゾン・プロラド
シワリク地区は、ヒマラヤ''１脈の肢南城に位置
ル、シワリク地区の生態学的Iilj報は極めて少な
する。地史的には縦ＮＭ１ｒい111域である。ここは､南
かった。この訓ｲ削り1究は､束ネパールのシワリク地
から熱帯、北からiliAｲ|ｻﾞと二つの生態域の結節域で
区の生態学的ﾉlL礎情報の収集を主たる目的としつ
もある。
つ、以下の6つのテーマについて詳しく研究され
シワリク高地はネパールのＩＥＩ上の12.7％､森林面積
た｡①()ISによる1958年と1992年の土地利用状況の
の25.8％を占めている。nＭ;、土地|;;１発が増加し続
比較､②植物jlllおよび森林の構造と更新､③様々な
ける状況の1'１で、シワリク地区の自然環境の分断
標高域における樹ｉ１剛成､①地域民族の植物利用、
化が深刻化している。しかし、これまで、ネパー
⑤チョウ類の分布､⑥』洲｜'１のベースライン調査。
-１０６－