ࣁ࢕ࢻ࣭ࣛ࢓ࢪࢷࣞ࢕ࢺ [65804] 1996 GT ࡡῼකふῼ
໪㔓Ᏻᖲ㸝᮶ኬ࣬ISAS/JAXA㸞
Ꮽ㒂ḿ┷㸝ISAS/JAXA㸞
୔ᡖὊ஄㸝᮶ኬኮᩝᩅ⫩ࢬࣤࢰ࣭㸞
ふῼཀྵࡦよᯊ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙.
ࠈ௑ᅂࡡふῼ࡚ࡢࠉ㛏᭿㛣ࡡࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇࢅ
ཱིᚋࡌࡾࡒࡴ࡞᮶ாኬᏕᮄ᭦ふῼᡜࡡ K.3T
㸝Kiso 30-cm Telescope㸞ࢅ౐⏕ࡊࡒࠊK.3T
ࡢንකኮమࡷ✲Ⓠኮమࡡふῼࢅ୹࡝┘Ⓩ࡛ࡊ
࡙ࠉ㎾ᖳᮄ᭦ふῼᡜ࡚᩺ࡒ࡞㛜Ⓠࡈࡿࡒࣞ࣍
ࢷ࢔ࢴࢠࢷࣝࢪࢤ࣭ࣈ࡚࠵ࡾࠊK.3T ࢅ౐⏕
ࡊࡒふῼ᭿㛣୯࡞ኯ㝟న┞みࡢ 40 ᗐ࠾ࡼ 2
ᗐࡱ࡚ን໩ࡊࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉኣⰅῼකࢅ⾔࠹ࡒࡴ
࡞ 1.05-m Kiso Schmidt Telescope 2KCCD ࡵ౐
⏕ࡊࡒࠊࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡ᭻㐪㙶࡚ふῼࡊࡒ᪝௛ཀྵ
ࡦ౐⏕ࡊࡒࣁࣤࢺࣆ࢔ࣜࢰ࣭࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡢ
Table 1. ࡞♟ࡊ࡙࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉ࢛ࣇࢩ࢘ࢠࢹ
ࡡ⤧ᑊකᗐࢅịࡴࡾࡒࡴ࡞ࠉ྘ふῼ᪝࡚
Landolt ࡡᵾ‵᫅ࡵ᧔ാࡊࡒ[2]ࠊ
ࠈよᯊ࡛ୌ᫤ฌ⌦࡞ࡢࠉኮᩝᏕ⏤ാよᯊࢮࣆ
ࢹ IRAF ࡡࣂࢴࢢ࣭ࢩࢅ౐⏕ࡊࡒࠊࡱࡍࠉࢱ
࣭ࢠࠉࣁ࢕࢓ࢪࡡᕣࡊᘤࡀཀྵࡦࣆࣚࢴࢹࡡ⿭
ḿ࡝࡜ࡡୌ᫤ฌ⌦࡞ࡻࡽῼකࡌࡾࡒࡴࡡ⏤ാ
ࢅష ᠺࡊ ࠉphoto ࢰࢪ ࢠࢅ ⏕࠷ ࡙ῼ කࡊ ࠉ
instrumental magnitude ࢅịࡴࡒࠊࡐࡊ࡙ࠉẒ
㍉࡛᫅ࡡᕣฦ࠾ࡼ࢛ࣇࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࡡ┞ᑊ➴⣥ࢅࠉ
ᵾ‵᫅ࢅ⏕࠷ࡒኬẴ΅ක࡛࢛ࣆࢬࢴࢹࡡ⿭ḿ
࠾ࡼ⤧ᑊ➴⣥ࢅịࡴࠉ᭩ᚃ࡞㊝㞫ࡡ⿭ḿࢅࡊ
࡙ reduced magnitude ࢅịࡴࡒࠊ
Data Set
UT Date
Telescope
RI Photmetry
11/13,14,16-18,
21-23,25-27/03,
& 12/1-4/03
K.3T
BVRI Photometry
12/1,2,4/03
Schmidt
UBVRI Photometry
12/3/03
Schmidt
Table1. Observational summary.
ࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇ.
ࠈࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇ࡛ࡢࠉᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ୹࡞ኬࡀࡈࡷ
ᙟ≟࡞㉫ᅄࡌࡾ⮤㌹࡞ఔ࠹කᗐን໩࡚࠵ࡽࠉ
㏳ᖏぞ์Ⓩ࡝࿔᭿ࢅᣚࡖࡒ࣭࢜ࣇ࡚ᥝ࠾ࡿࡾࠊ
ࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࢂࡿࢂࡿࡡよᯊ⤎ᯕ࡞ࡻࡽࠉ1996 GT
ࡡࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇࡢࡐࡡ࣭ࣜࣜ࡞㐲ࡈ࡝࠷ࡆ࡛
࠿♟ࡈࡿࡒࠊ2003 ᖳ 11 ᭮ 23 ᪝࡞ K.3T ࡡ R
ࣁࣤࢺཱི࡚ᚋࡈࡿࡒࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇࢅ Fig. 1 ࡞
♟ࡊ࡙࠵ࡾࠊ
18.35
Reduced Magnitude
ࡢࡋࡴ࡞.
ࠈ[65803] 1996 GT ࡢ a = 1.642 AUࠉe = 0.383
AU ࠉ i = 3.396 deg. (MPO 53373) ࡡ PHA
(Potentially Hazardous Asteroid) ࡡࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ࡞
ᒌࡌࡾ㎾ᆀ⌣ᆵᑚᝠ࡚᫅ࠉ☔ᏽ␊ྒࡡࡗ࠷࡙
࠷ࡾᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ୯࡚ࡢࠉHAYABUSA ࡡ᥀ᰕು
⿭ኮమ࡞ࡵ࡝ࡖࡒᑚᝠ᫅ [25143] Itokawaࠉ
[10302] 1989MLࠉ[4660] Nereus ࡞ࡗ࠷࡚ࠉ5
␊┘࡞᥀ᰕᶭ࠿฽㐡ࡊࡷࡌ࠷ᑚᝠ࡚᫅࠵ࡾ
[1]ࠊࡊ࠾ࡊࠉࡆࡡᑚᝠ᫅ࡢ㌮㐠さ⣪௧አࡡ᝗
ሒ࠿᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡈࡿ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࠊࡱࡒࠉࡆࡡᑚᝠ
᫅ࡢ 11 ᭮ࡡ୯᪢࠾ࡼ 12 ᭮ࡡ୕᪢࡞࠾ࡄ࡙ࠉ
᪺ࡾࡈ࠿ 12 ➴⣥ྋ࡞࡝ࡽኯ㝟న┞み࠿ኬࡀ
ࡂን໩ࡌࡾ࡛࠷࠹㈏㔔࡝ふῼይᶭ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࠊ
ࡆࡿࡱ࡚ྜྷୌࡡ᭻㐪㙶࡚ୌ᭿㛣ࡡ㛣࡞ᗀ⠂ᅑ
ࡡኯ㝟న┞みࡡࢸ࣭ࢰࢅཱིᚋࡊࡒふῼࡢ࡮࡛
ࢆ࡜࡝࠷ࠊ௑ᅂࡡふῼ┘Ⓩࡢࠉḗ᭿ᑚᝠ᫅᥀
ᰕ࣐ࢴࢨࣘࣤࡡࡒࡴࡡು⿭ኮమࢦ࣭࣊࢕࡛ࠉ
ᑚᝠ࡛᫅㝱▴ࡡᑊᚺ㛭౿࡞࠽ࡄࡾన┞みࡡᙫ
㡢࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࡡ㆗ㄵ࡚࠵ࡾࠊ
18.45
18.55
18.65
18.75
10
12
14
16
18
TIME (UT, Nov. 23 2003)
20
Fig. 1: Lightcurve of 1996 GT, taken on Nov. 23 2003 using
with K.3T at R-band.
€
n
 −(t − µ ) 2 
i
+∑ si ⋅ exp

2
 2σ i 
i=1
ࠈࡆࡆ࡚ࠉV㸯reduced magnitudeࠉt㸯᫤㛣ࠉA,
B㸯ࣆ࣭࢙ࣛ౿ᩐࠉP㸯࿔᭿ࠉs㸯࢝ࢗࢪࡡᙁ
€ ᗐࠉȣ㸯࢝ࢗࢪࡡࣅ࣭ࢠన⨠ࠉȪ㸯࢝ࢗࢪࡡ
༖ೋᖕ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ⤎ᯕࠉprimary ࡡකᗐን
໩ࡡ࿔᭿࠿ 2.37s0.01 ᫤㛣࡚ 17 ᫤௛㎾࡞ 0.13
⛤ᗐࡡ΅ක࠿࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ịࡴࡼࡿࡒࠊ
ࠈࡊ࠾ࡊዃࡊࡂࡵࠉ᭩㎾ࢂࡿࢂࡿ࡛ྜྷ᫤᭿࡞
ࡆࡡ࢛ࣇࢩ࢘ࢠࢹࢅふῼࡊ࡙࠷ࡒᾇአࡡࢡࣜ
࣭ࣈ࡞ࡻࡽࠉ1996 GT ࡡ binary ㄕࢅ᪜࡞ IAU
circular ࡞ሒ࿈ࡈࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸝http://www.asu.cas.
cas.cz/~ppravec/65803.htm ཤ↯㸞ࠉࢂࡿࢂࡿࡡ
⤎ᯕࡢୠ⏲ิࡡ 1996 GT ࡡ binary system ࡡ
᳠ฝ࡛࠷࠹ࡆ࡛࡞ࡢ⤎ࡦࡗ࠾࡝࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡊ࠾
ࡊࠉᙴࡼࡢ࣭࢜ࣚࡷࢪ࣋ࢠࢹࣜࢰ࢕ࣈ࡞ࡗ࠷
࡙ࡱ࡚ࡢሒ࿈ࡊ࡙࠷࡝࠷ࠊୌ᪁࡚ࠉࢂࡿࢂࡿ
ࡢࢨ࣐ࣖࢴࢹ᭻㐪㙶ࢅ⏕࠷࡙ኣⰅῼකࢅ⾔ࡖ
࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉࡐࡿࡼࡡ⤎ᯕࢅ௧ୖ࡞♟ࡌࠊ
⣰አ-ྊっ-㎾㉝አἴ㛏ᇡࡡࢪ࣋ࢠࢹࣜ.
ࠈࢨ࣐ࣖࢴࢹ᭻㐪㙶࡞ࡻࡽふῼࡊࡒ UBVRI
ࣁࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ reduced magnitude ࡻࡽ 1996 GT ࡡ
࣭࢜ࣚࢅịࡴࠉࡐࡿࡼࢅኯ㝟ࡡ࣭࢜ࣚ࡞ንᥦ
ࡊࠉ྘ࣁࣤࢺ࡞ᑊࡌࡾ┞ᑊཬᑏ⋙ࢅ V ࣁࣤ
€
ࢺ࡚ぞ᰹໩ࡊ࡙⟤ฝࡊࡒࠊ྘ࣁࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ୯ᚨ
ἴ㛏࡞ࡢ Johnson & Johnson Cousin System ࢅ
౐⏕ࡊࡒࠊࡐࡡ⤎ᯕᚋࡼࡿࡒ 1996 GT ࡡࢪ
࣋ࢠࢹࣜࢅ Fig. 2 ࡞♟ࡊ࡙࠵ࡾࠊFig. 2 ࡞ࡢ
Ẓ㍉ࡡࡒࡴ࡞ S-ࠉX-ࠉC-class ࡡᖲᆍⓏ࡝ࢪ
࣋ࢠࢹࣜࡵ࢛ࣆࢬࢴࢹࢅ࠾ࡄ࡙ຊ࠻࡙࠵ࡾࠊ
S-class ࡛ࡢጙཋⓏ࡝▴㈻㝱▴࡚࠵ࡾᬉ㏳ࢤࣤ
ࢺࣚ࢕ࢹ࡞జࡒ∸㈻࠾ࡼ࡝ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷
ࡾᑚᝠ࡚᫅࠵ࡾࠊᑚᝠ᫅ࡡኣࡂ࠿ࡆࡡࢰ࢕ࣈ
࡞ᒌࡊࠉHAYABUSA ࡡࢰ࣭ࢣࢴࢹኮమ࡚࠵
ࡾ Itokawa ࡵࡆࡡࢰ࢕ࣈ࡚࠵ࡾࠊୌ᪁ࠉX-class
3.0
S-class
2.5
Relative Reflectance
ࠈ1996 GT ࡡ྘ふῼ᪝ࡡࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇࡢᣲᖕ
0.10 ➴ࡡᇱᮇ࿔᭿࡞ຊ࠻࡙ࠉୌ᫤Ⓩ࡝΅ක࢕
࣊ࣤࢹ࠿Ꮛᅹࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿ࢂ࠾ࡖࡒࠊࡆࡡ⤎ᯕ
ࡢࠉ1996 GT ࡡ⾠᫅Ꮛᅹྊ⬗ᛮࢅ♟ြࡊ࡙࠷
ࡾࠊࡐࡆ࡚ࠉ1996 GT ࠿ binary asteroid ࡚஦
㔔࿔᭿ࢅᣚࡗࡆ࡛ࢅ᝷ᏽࡊ࡙ࠉࡐࡡ࿔᭿ᛮࢅ
ịࡴࡒࠊ⮤㌹࡞ᑊࡌࡾකᗐን໩࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠉ
primary asteroid ࡡ ⮤ ㌹ ࢅ ࣆ ࣭ ࣛ ࢙ ἴ ࡚ ࠉ
occultation ࡞ࡻࡾ΅කࢅ࢝ࢗࢪ㛭ᩐ࡚よ㔐ࡊ
࡙⩻࠻ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ௧ୖࡡᘟ࡚ࠉ
Fig. 1 ࡡ 1996
GT ࡡࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇࢅ්⌟ࡊࡒࠊ
m


2πl
2πl
V (t) = V0 + ∑ Al sin
( t − t 0 ) + Bl sin (t − t 0 )


P
P
l=1
X-class (EMP)
2.0
C-class
1.5
1996 GT
1.0
0.5
300
500
700
900
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. 2: Relative reflectance of 1996 GT normalized at V-band.
Those of S-, X-, C-class are added to compare.
ࡢࢪ࣋ࢠࢹࣜࡡ᝗ሒࡓࡄ࡚ࡢ༇ื࠿ࡗ࠾࡝࠷
E-ࠉM-ࠉP-type ࡡᑚᝠ᫅ࢅྱࡴࡒࢡ࣭ࣜࣈ࡚
࠵ࡾࠊࡆࡡ୯࡚ M-type ᑚᝠ᫅ࡢ㝱㕪ࡡࡻ࠹
࡝㕪ࢼࢴࢢࣜྙ㔘ࡡᅖࡱࡽࡡࡻ࠹࡝ᑚᝠ࡚᫅
࠵ࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠽ࡽࠉᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ୯࡚ࡢ⛝࡝
ࢰ࢕ࣈ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉC-class ࡢ᭯ᶭ∸㈻ࢅኣ
ࡂྱࡳ⅛⣪㈻ࢤࣤࢺࣚ࢕ࢹⓏ࡝∸㈻࠾ࡼ࡝ࡾ
ᑚᝠ࡛᫅ࡊ࡙⩻࠻ࡼࡿ࡙࠷ࡾࠊࡆࡆ࡚ࠉ1996
GT ࡡ spectral slope ࢅịࡴࡾ࡛ moderate ࡝ೋ
࡞࡝ࡽࠉX-class ࡞┞ᙔࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿⩻࠻ࡼࡿ
ࡾࠊ
ኯ㝟న┞み࡞ᑊࡌࡾකᗐን໩.
ࠈᑚᝠ᫅ࡡකᗐࡢኯ㝟న┞み࠿ᑚࡈࡂ࡝ࡾ࡮
࡜᪺ࡾࡂ࡝ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ࢂ࠾ࡖ࡙࠽ࡽࠉࡐࡡ㛭౿
ࢅㄕ᪺ࡌࡾࢵ࣭࡛ࣜࡊ࡙ࠉIAU H-G Magnitude
System ࠿࠵ࡽࠉ௧ୖࡡᘟ࡚⾪ࡈࡿࡾ [3]ࠊ
H R (α ) = H R (0) − 2.5log[(1− G)Φ1 (α ) + GΦ2 (α )]
ࠈࡆࡆ࡚ࠉ
HR(Ș)ࡢ᪝ᚨ㊝㞫ࠉ
ᆀᚨ㊝㞫ࢅ 1 AUࠉ
న┞みࢅ Șdeg. ࡛ࡊࡒ࡛ࡀࡡᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ R ࣁ
ࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ⤧ᑊ➴⣥࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡱࡒࠉG ࡢࢪ࣭ࣞ
ࣈࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰ࡛ࡻࡣࡿࡾᑚᝠ᫅⾪㟻ࡡ࢛࣎ࢩ
ࢨ࢙ࣘࣤࣆ࢘ࢠࢹࡡຝࡀරྙࢅ⾪ࡌࡻ࠹࡝ࣂ
࣒࣭ࣚࢰ࡚ࠉ㐛ཡࡡ◂✪ࡡ⤣ゝࢸ࣭ࢰࡻࡽࠉ
ࡆࡡೋ࠾ࡼᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ taxonomical type ࢅ༇ื
ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊȍࡢన┞㛭ᩐ࡚࠵ࡾࠊࡐ
ࡆ࡚ࠉK.3T ࡻࡽᚋࡼࡿࡒࢸ࣭ࢰⅤ࠾ࡼࠉ㟸
⥲ᙟࡡ᭩ᑚ஦஋Ἢࣆ࢔ࢴࢷ࢔ࣤࢡ࡞ࡻࡽ᭩㐲
ࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰࢅᑙ࠷ࡒࠊࡐࡡ⤎ᯕࠉHR = 17.7s
0.03ࠉG = 0.20s0.02 ࡛࡝ࡖࡒ (Fig. 3 ཤ↯)ࠊ
17.5
系列1
Photometric Value
Reduced Magnitude
系列2
G = 0.20 1996 GT
G = 0.09 C,P,D
系列3
18.0
G = 0.21 M
系列4
G = 0.23 S,Q
系列5
G = 0.42 E,V,R
系列6
18.5
Taxonomical
type
B, C, D, F,
G, P, T,
Slope parameter
(G)
Geometric
albedos
0.09s0.09
0.02-0.11
M
0.21s0.06
0.10-0.18
S, Q
0.23s0.11
0.10-0.22
E, R, V
0.42s0.08
0.25-0.60
This study
0.20s0.02
0.15
19.0
Table 2: Comparison of slope parameter and geometric albed.
Data from [5], [6].
19.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Solar Phase Angle (degrees)
40
45
Fig. 3: Solar phase angle behavior of 1996 GT at R-band.
Phase curves derived from various slope parameter G are also
presented to compare.
ࢩ࢛࣒ࢹࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊ࢺ.
ࠈᑚᝠ᫅ࡡฦ㢦ࡢࢩ࢛࣒ࢹࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊ࢺ࡛
ࡻࡣࡿࡾࠉኮమ⾪㟻ࢅᏰධࣚࣤ࣊ࣜࢹ㟻࡛௫
ᏽࠉన┞みࢅ 0 deg. ࡛ࡊࡒ࡛ࡀࡡኮమࡡཬᑏ
⋙ࠉ࠾ࡼࡵᑙࡀࡓࡌࡆ࡛࠿࡚ࡀࡾࠊᑚᝠ᫅ࡡ
├ᙼཀྵࡦ V ࣁࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ⤧ᑊ➴⣥ࠉࢩ࢛࣒ࢹ
ࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊ࢺࡡ㛭౿ࡢ௧ୖࡡᘟ࡚⾪ࡈࡿࡾ
[4]ࠊ
D(km) = 10− HV / 51329 / pv
ࠈ1996 GT ࡡ├ᙼࡢ୕㏑ࡊࡒᾇአࡡふῼࢲ࣭
࣑࡞ࡻࡾ࣭ࣝࢱ࣭ふῼ࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡒೋࢅ᤿⏕
€
ࡊࠉࡱࡒ V ࣁࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ⤧ᑊ➴⣥ࡢ୕オ࡚ị
ࡴࡒ R ࣁࣤࢺ࡚ࡡ⤧ᑊ➴⣥࠾ࡼ࣭࢜ࣚንᥦ
ࡊ࡙ịࡴࡒࠊࡐࡿࡼࡡೋࢅ୕ᘟ࡞௥ථࡊࠉ1996
GT ࡡࢩ࢛࣒ࢹࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊ࢺ࠿ pv Ҹ 0.15
࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ᑙ࠾ࡿࡒࠊ
ࠈࡐࡆ࡚ࠉ௧୕࡚ịࡴࡒ 1996 GT ࡡࢪ࣭ࣞ
ࣈࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰ࡛ࢩ࢛࣒ࢹࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊ࢺࡡೋ
ࢅ㐛ཡࡡ◂✪࠾ࡼịࡴࡼࡿࡒᩐೋ࡛Ẓ㍉ࡌࡾ
࡛ࠉ1996 GT ࡢ E-ࠉM-ࠉP-ࡡ X-class ࡡ࡝࠾
࡚ࡢ M-type ࡞┞ᙔࡌࡾࡆ࡛࠿♟ࡈࡿࡒ
㸝Table.
2㸞
ࠊ
ࡱ࡛ࡴ.
ࠈ௑ᅂࡡふῼࡡ⤎ᯕࠉK.3T ࡞ࡻࡽᚋࡼࡿࡒ
ࣚ࢕ࢹ࣭࢜ࣇ࠾ࡼ 1996 GT ࠿ binary asteroid
࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿ッ᪺ࡈࡿࡒࠊࡱࡒࠉࢨ࣐ࣖࢴࢹ
࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡒ࣭࡛࢜ࣚ K.3T ࠾ࡼᚋࡼࡿࡒࢪ
࣭ࣞࣈࣂ࣒࣭ࣚࢰཀྵࡦࢩ࢛࣒ࢹࣛࢴࢠ࢓ࣜ࣊
ࢺࡡೋ࠾ࡼࠉ1996 GT ࡡ taxonomical type ࠿
M-type ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࠿஢᝷ࡈࡿࡒࠊ1996 GT ࡢ
᥀ᰕᶭࡡ฽㐡ࡊࡷࡌ࠷ኮమ࡚࠵ࡾࡡ࡚ࠉbinary
࡚࠾ࡗ M-type ᑚᝠ࡚᫅࠵ࡾ࡛࡝ࡾ࡛ࠉ࣐ࢴ
ࢨ࡛ࣘࣤࡊ࡙ࡢኣࡂࡡ⛁ᏕⓏណ⩇࠿㎲ࡴࡼࡿ
ࡾ࡛ᛦࢂࡿࡾࠊ
ཤ⩻ᩝ⊡㸯
[1]: Abe (2003) Proceedings of 24th the Solar
System Symposium in ISAS 89-92. [2]: Landolt
A. U. (1992) Astron. J. 104, 340-371. [3]: Bowell
E. B. et al. (1989) In Asteroids ϩ pp.524-556.
[4]: Harris A. W. (1998) Icarus 131, 291-301. [5]:
Harris A. W. and Young J. (1988) Bull. Am. Astron.
Soc. 20, 865. [6]: Verbischer A. J. and Veverka J.
(1995) Icarus 115, 369-373.