Eliciting Demand for Ecosystem Services:
Results and User Guidance from the OPERAs
Demand Synthesis Working Group
OPERAs Consortium Meeting
Sofia, Bulgaria
16 May 2017
Kimberly Nicholas & Heather Schoonover (Wine); Anja Helena
Liski (Scotland); Sibyl Brunner & Adrienne Gret-Regamey (Swiss
Alps); Inês Rosário & Margarida Santos-Reis (Montado); Apostol
Dyankov & Raina Popova (Danube); José Lascurain (Barcelona);
Astrid van Teeffelen (Europe)
Balearic
Barcelona
Danube
Dublin
Europe
French Alps
Global
Mediterranean
Montado
Scotland
Swiss Alps
Wine
Exemplar deliverable approach
Topic
Guiding Question
Product
Primary
Audience
Demand
How can researchers and practitioners
elicit demand for ecosystem services?
Guidance
document
Researchers and
practitioners
Governance
How can governance be considered in
ecosystem services projects?
Infographic
Researchers and
x x
practitioners
Local Authorities
How can local authorities use the
ecosystem services concept to achieve
their goals?
Animated
Local authorities
video series
Socio-Cultural
Valuation
How can socio-cultural valuation support Guidance
sustainable ecosystem management?
document
Practitioners
x x x x
How can researchers build productive
researcher-stakeholder relationships?
Guidance
document
Researchers
x x x x x x x x x x x x
How can researchers and practitioners
identify and analyze stakeholders?
PowerPoint Researchers and
presentation practitioners
Stakeholder
Engagement
x x
x
x
x x x x
x
x
x
x x
x
Exemplar deliverable (all products + overview) available at
http://operas-project.eu/sites/default/files/resources/wp2-d2-3complete-1compressed.pdf
2
Why demand?
• Studying only supply risks focusing on services viewed as
ecologically important by researchers, but not valued by stakeholders
• Better linking supply and demand can help more fully achieve the
potential for ecosystem services to improve policy and practice
Figure reprinted from Scholte, S.S.K., Todorova, M., van Teeffelen, A.J.A., Verburg, P.
(2016). Public Support for Wetland Restoration: What is the Link With Ecosystem Service
Values? Wetlands 36:467-481. Adapted from de Groot et al., 2010, and Haines-Young and
Potschin, 2010.
3
Research question and methods
How can researchers elicit demand for ecosystem services?
•
Compiled data in shared table
based on CICES, including
ecosystem services studied,
indicators used, indicator
values, stakeholders included,
and scale
•
Also did email survey of
working group members
•
Each working group member
focused analysis on particular
aspect
•
Monthly Skype meetings and
in-person meeting in Antwerp
Shared data table created by Sibyl Brunner,
with data inputs by all working group members.
4
8 step framework to elicit demand for
ecosystem services
8 steps to elicit demand for ecosystem services
1.
Determine study objectives
2.
Identify and engage key stakeholders
3.
Identify all potential ecosystem services for your case
4.
Develop indicators for ecosystem services
5.
Select method to elicit demand
6.
Elicit stakeholder demand for ecosystem services
7.
Analyze and compare demand
8.
Assess implications of results
Available as
3-page “quick guide”
and
full document with
examples from OPERAs
Quick guide: http://www.oppla.eu/product/17540
Full document: http://www.oppla.eu/product/17515
5
1. Determine study objectives
Exemplar
Name
Demand Study Focus
Demand Study Location and Scale
Swiss Alps
Valuing mountain cultural ecosystem services
Regional – Visp/Saastal, Switzerland
Wine
Several, including local residents’ value for
cultural ecosystem services from vineyards, and
literature review mapping vineyard ecosystem
services in over 4,000 papers
Local surveys (England and California);
Global literature review
Scotland
Inner Forth
Local residents’ value for coastal areas
Local – Inner Forth, Scotland
Barcelona
Coastal restoration and construction with the
local authority
Municipal – Barcelona, Spain
Danube
Support for wetland restoration
Regional – Persina, Bulgaria
Europe
Regional-scale ecosystem services mapping
Across the European continent
Montado
Local and regional ecosystem services delivery
Local and regional – Montado, Portugal
Studies included in the demand synthesis working
group. Please see Appendix for references.
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2. Identify and engage stakeholders
2.1 Identify and analyze stakeholders
2.2 Engage stakeholders
•
Research Aspect Situation
•
Identify individual stakeholder
characteristics
Researcher
See how stakeholders interact
Explaining research goals
Sharing results from previous work
Linking their stake to the research
Stakeholder
Recognising their knowledge and
values
Getting testimony from another
stakeholder
Being clear about expectations and
ways to help
Research process Considering conflicts
Ensuring transparency
Identifying and analyzing stakeholders of ecosystem services
PowerPoint presentation by José Lascurain
http://www.oppla.eu/product/17518
Foundations of a positive relationships with stakeholders
in research, identified from an email survey with the seven
exemplars in the demand synthesis working group, by
Anja Liski.
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3. Identify all potential ecosystem services for
your case
• 3.1 Select framework (e.g. CICES)
• 3.2 Enumerate ecosystem services for your case
Section
Division
Group
Class
Nutrition
Biomass
Cultivated crops
Provisioning
Materials
Regulation &
Maintenance
Maintenance of
physical, chemical,
biological conditions
Cultural
Physical and
intellectual interactions
with biota, ecosystems,
and land-/seascapes
[environmental
settings]
Biomass
Water conditions
Atmospheric composition
and climate regulation
Physical and experiential
interactions
Intellectual and
representative
interactions
Fibers and other
materials from
plants, algae and
animals for direct
use or processing
Chemical
condition of
freshwaters
Micro and
regional climate
regulation
Physical use of
land-/seascapes
in different
environmental
settings
Aesthetic
Enumerated for Wine
Direct harvest of grapes and
leaves for consumption
Fibers and other materials
from grapevine (e.g.,
prunings, grape skins, grape
seeds)
Water is of sufficient quality
for growing grapes
Micro and regional climate
are suitable for growing
grapes
Physical use of vineyard
landscapes (e.g., hiking,
biking, horseback riding)
Beauty and inspiration of
vineyard landscapes
Wine examples from Klara Winkler, Kimberly Nicholas,
Sarah Ivory, Lisa Ingwall-King and Heather Schoonover
8
4. Develop indicators for ecosystem services
Use of ecosystem services indicators to analyze ecosystem
service demand across the seven exemplars in the demand
synthesis working group. Analysis and figure by Sibyl Brunner.
9
4. Develop indicators for ecosystem services
4.3 Represent indicators clearly in words
• Since started with framework can “back translate” to shared standard
• Framework relevant to researchers, indicators relevant to stakeholders
Examples of indicators translated into clear and simple language
in the exemplar demand studies. Table by Sibyl Brunner.
10
5. Select method to elicit demand
Examples of exemplar methods and rationales
Examples of methods and used in the exemplar demand
studies and their rationale. Table by Sibyl Brunner.
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6. Elicit demand
• Carry out your research!
http://www.sarahinscience.com/blog/importance-of-a-work-life-balance-lessons-learned
Swiss Alps Exemplar choice experiment
Sibyl Brunner
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7. Analyze and compare results
Relative demand for the six most valued ecosystem
services across five of the exemplars in the demand
synthesis working group. Analysis and figure by
Kimberly Nicholas.
13
8. Assess implications of results
Supply
Low
High
Goal
Goal
Increase supply
Action
Action
Protect supply
Goal
Goal
Action
Action
Low
Demand
Goals
Increase demand
Maintain demand
Actions
Goal
Goal
Action
Action
Manage ecosystem
Campaign, educate
High
Goal
Action
Goal
Action
Continue what is
being done
Potential goals and actions based on levels of supply
and demand. Figure by Heather Schoonover.
Icons from the Noun Project. “Planting Plant” by Gan Khoon Lay.
“Election Campaign” by Juan Pablo Bravo. “Like” by Numero Uno.
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8. Assess implications of results
Supply
Low
High
Supply
Goal: increase
Actions: ES management
Supply
Goal: protect
Actions: continue
Demand
Goal: increase
Actions: campaign, educate
Demand
Goal: increase
Actions: campaign, educate
Supply
Goal: increase
Actions: ES management
Supply
Goal: protect
Actions: continue
Demand
Goal: maintain
Actions: continue
Demand
Goal: maintain
Actions: continue
Demand
Low
High
Potential goals and actions based on levels of supply
and demand. Figure by Heather Schoonover.
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Conclusion
• We were able to identify common threads in our approaches
from very different demand studies
• Using the 8 step framework could facilitate a common
approach to and comparisons between future studies
8 steps to elicit demand for ecosystem services
1.
Determine study objectives
2.
Identify and engage key stakeholders
3.
Identify all potential ecosystem services for your case
4.
Develop indicators for ecosystem services
5.
Select method to elicit demand
6.
Elicit stakeholder demand for ecosystem services
7.
Analyze and compare demand
8.
Assess implications of results
16
Appendix: exemplar studies referenced in the
demand synthesis
Exemplar
Name
References
Wine
•
•
•
•
Swiss Alps
•
•
Winkler K & KA Nicholas. 2016. More than wine: Cultural ES in vineyard landscapes in England and California. Ecological
Economics 125 (16): 86-98 and OPERAs blog post.
Winkler, KA, Viers, J & KA Nicholas, in review. Assessing ecosystem services and multifunctionality for a specific ecosystem:
Applying the CICES classification to vineyard systems. In review at Frontiers in Environmental Science.
Siepman, L. 2016. Winegrowers’ motives and barriers to convert to organic farming in Pfalz and Rheinhessen, Germany.
Uppsala University MSc thesis and related OPERAs blog post.
Redford, E. 2016. Rosé tinted glasses? How a new wine region can adopt existing low carbon practices. Lund University MSc
thesis and related OPERAs blog post.
Brunner, S, R Huber & A Gret-Regamey. 2016.A backcasting approach for matching regional ecosystem services supply and
demand. Environmental Modelling & Software 75: 439-458.
Ryffel, A, R Huber, R Seidl, and A Gret-Regamey. In review. Regional differences in preferences for ecosystem services: a
choice experiment approach in two Swiss mountain regions
Scotland
Inner Forth
•
•
•
Workshops and choice experiments with local residents
Farmer valuation of ecosystem services through ranking exercises
Ambros, P. 2016. Adapting to Climate change through sustainable estuarine land use: a study of the Inner Forth, Scotland.
Lund University MSc thesis and related OPERAs blog post.
Barcelona
•
Pinterest page
Danube
•
Scholte, Samantha S.S.K. et al. Public Support For Wetland Restoration: What Is The Link With Ecosystem Service Values?
Wetlands 36.3 (2016): 467-481.
Europe
•
Schulp, C.J.E., Lautenbach, S. & Verburg, P.H. 2014. Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services: Demand and supply of
pollination in the European Union. Ecological Indicators 36: 131-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.014
Stürck, J., Poortinga, A. & Verburg, P.H. 2014. Mapping ecosystem services: The supply and demand of flood regulation
services in Europe. Ecological Indicators, 38 (0):198-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.11.010
Verhagen, W., Kukkala, A., Moilanen, A., van Teeffelen, AJA., & Verburg, PH. Ecosystem services priority areas: the
importance of accounting for demand and the spatial scale of ecosystem services flows. Conservation Biology (in review).
•
•
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Appendix: exemplar studies referenced in the
demand synthesis (continued)
Exemplar
Name
References
Montado
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Vasconcelos, L; Rosário, I.; Caser, U; Ferro, F; Rebelo, R; Máguas, C, Máguas; Santos-Reis, M. Building a Community of
Practice for the Portuguese “Montado” – Capacitating Collaborative Management. World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems,
Évora. 27-30 September 2016.
Correia, Otília; Branquinho, Cristina; Costa, C; Cruz, Cristina; Gonçalves, Paula; Máguas, Cristina; Mendes, T; Pinho, Pedro;
Príncipe, Adriana; Rebelo, Rui; Rosário, Inês; Santos, JP; Santos-Reis, Margarida. Long term monitoring of mediterranean agrosilvo-pastoral systems: the LtsER Montado Platform. World Congress Silvo-Pastoral Systems, Évora. 27-30 September 2016.
Rosário, I; Caser, U; Máguas, C; Rebelo, R; Vasconcelos, L & Santos-Reis, M. Valuation of the montado ecosystem services by
its users and stakeholders. cE3c – 2nd Annual Meeting, Lisboa. 28 June 2016.
Madeira, A M. Preferences and valuation of Montado natural values by visitors and other users: a site-based approach. MSc
Thesis in Ecology and Environmental Management (Science faculty of Lisbon University). 2016.
Vasconcelos, L., Caser, U., Santos-Reis, M. Report of the first participative workshop. Engagement of the montado stakeholders
platform. 8 April 2014. Observatório do Sobreiro e da Cortiça, Coruche. OPERA Project. Unpublished tecnical report. Lisboa.
Vasconcelos, L., Caser, U., Rosário, I. Santos-Reis, M. Report of the second participative workshop. Engagement of the montado
stakeholders platform. 9 December 2015. Observatório do Sobreiro e da Cortiça, Coruche. OPERA Project. Unpublished tecnical
report..Lisboa.
Vasconcelos, L., Caser, U., Rosário, I. Santos-Reis, M. Report of the third participative workshop. Engagement of the montado
stakeholders platform. 19 May, 29 April and 6 June 2016. Coruche​, Grândola​, Herdade da Coitadinha. OPERA Project.
Unpublished technical report. Lisboa.
Video of the 2nd Stakeholders workshop. Available at the LtsEr channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRXlr94OZ4CsoxsNhmvO9Nw
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