Student Name:
Year 10 Science Home Learning Booklet
Energy Higher Level
To be handed in on or before:
Question
Number
Total Marks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Total
5
10
15
7
5
6
4
Approximate grade boundaries
A*
A
B
C
D
E
My Mark
52
%
85%
75%
60%
50%
40%
30%
1.
People do a number of things to reduce the energy loss from their homes.
(a)
Describe one thing they may do to cut down the energy loss through:
(i)
the roof;
............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
the outside walls;
.............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
the glass in the windows;
.............................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)
gaps around the front and back doors.
.............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
A house is more difficult to keep warm in cold weather. What other type
of weather makes it difficult to keep a house warm?
.......................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
2.
(a)
During a thunderstorm, lightning struck a tree and set it on fire.
Complete the sequence of energy transfers by naming the forms of energy
at each stage.
For each sentence choose from the following. You may use each word
more than once.
chemical
(i)
electrical
heat
light
sound
The lightning transferred .................................. energy to
.................................. energy.
(2)
(ii)
When the lightning struck the tree .................................. energy
heated up
the wood and started the tree burning.
(1)
(iii)
The burning tree gave out .................................. energy and
.................................. energy.
(2)
(b)
Energy may be transferred by:
(i)
A
particles moving;
B
particles vibrating more and hitting their neighbours harder;
C
waves.
Which one, A, B or C, is the description of conduction?
................................
(1)
(ii)
Which one, A, B or C, describes the flash from the lightning?
......................
(1)
(iii)
Describe how hot land causes convection currents in the
atmosphere.
Use the term air particles in your answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
3.
(a)
Describe the useful energy transfers which take place in the following
applicances.
(i)
an electric iron.
.............................................................................................................
(ii)
a fluorescent strip light.
.............................................................................................................
(iii)
a petrol lawn mower.
.............................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
The following information is written on the base plate of an electric kettle.
240 V
2000 W
Capacity 1.5 litres
(i)
50 Hz
What is the power of the kettle?
.............................................................................................................
(ii)
What is the recommended frequency of the power supply?
.............................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
When an electric kettle is switched on it will take a few minutes to boil the
water.
Once switched off it will gradually cool down.
(i)
When the kettle is switched on the water heats. Explain how all of
the water is heated.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(ii)
The kettle is now switched off and begins to cool.
(1)
Describe how heat energy is transferred through the walls of
the kettle.
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
(2)
Describe how the heat energy is transferred from the walls of
the kettle.
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
(iii)
Describe how heat losses from the surface of a metal kettle may be
kept small
............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(4)
(d)
A shiny metal can and a dull black can are filled with the same amounts of
cold water.
A radiant heater is placed exactly half way between the cans as shown in
the diagram below.
equal distances
shiny silver surface
radiant heat source
dull black surface
Two thermometers are used to measure the temperature of the water in
each can every minute.
(i)
Suggest how the temperature of the water in the dull can would be
different from the temperature of the water in the shiny can after ten
minutes
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(ii)
Explain your answer to part (i).
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(3)
(e)
The radiant heater was removed and both the cans were filled with the
same amount of boiling water, as shown in the diagram below.
shiny silver surface
dull black surface
The temperature was recorded every minute for ten minutes.
(i)
Suggest how the temperature of the water in the dull can would be
different from the temperature of the water in the shiny can after ten
minutes.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(ii)
Explain your answer to part (i).
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 15 marks)
Many houses are kept warm by water, heated in a boiler, then circulated through
the house by copper pipes to radiators.
The graph below gives information about the heat losses from copper pipes in
such circumstances.
(a)
150
35
mm
22
mm 28 m
m
mm
200
54
Heat loss from pipes (joules per metre per hour)
4.
100
m
12
m
60
50
mm
40
8
r
ete
30
diam
e
20
p
i
P
10
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Temperature difference (ºC)
One factor which affects the total amount of heat loss from the pipes, is
the temperature difference between the pipes and the surrounding air.
What are the other three factors indicated on the graph?
1. .................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
3. ................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
still air
hot water
circulated
from boiler
through pipes
wall
steel radiator
Describe, as fully as you can, how heat from inside the boiler reaches the
wall behind a radiator.
......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
5.
The table gives information about some methods of conserving energy in a
house.
Installation cost
in £
Annual saving on
energy bills in £
Cavity wall insulation
500
60
Hot water tank jacket
10
15
Loft insulation
110
60
Thermostatic radiator valves
75
20
Conservation method
(a)
Explain which of the methods in the table is the most cost effective way of
saving energy over a 10 year period. To obtain full marks you must
support your answer with calculations.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Describe what happens to the energy which is 'wasted' in a house.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
6.
The drawing shows water being heated in a metal saucepan.
Hotplate
(a)
Explain, in terms of the particles in the metal, how heat energy is
transferred through the base of the saucepan.
............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Energy is transferred through the water by convection currents. Explain
what happens to cause a convection current in the water. The answer has
been started for you.
As heat energy is transferred through the saucepan, the water particles at
the bottom
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
Some energy is transferred from the hotplate to the air by thermal
radiation. What is meant by thermal radiation?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
7.
(a)
The diagram shows how much heat is lost each second from different parts
of an uninsulated house.
Roof
150 J
Walls
200 J
Draughts
66 J
(i)
Floor
75 J
Windows
109 J
Each year, the house costs £760 to heat.
How much money is being wasted because of heat lost through the
roof?
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Insulating the loft would cut the heat lost through the roof by 50 .
The loft insulation has a payback time of 1 12 years.
How much did the loft insulation cost to buy?
.............................................................................................................
Cost of loft insulation = £ .................................................
(1)
(b)
What happens to the wasted energy?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)