Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
Heterodontosaurus
inhabitedallregionsof
Earth’ssupercon6nent,
Pangea,200millionyears
ago.Althoughvery
widespreadandsuccessful,
scien6stsknowveryliBle
aboutthiscreature.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
Palaeontologistsfromthe
Universityofthe
WitwatersrandinSouth
AfricaandfromtheESRF
havescanned,onID17,the
mostcompletefossil
skeletonofthisdinosaur
everfound.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
Thefossilwasdiscoveredinariverbedin
SouthAfricabyBillydeKlerk.
Thissmall,plant-ea6ng
dinosaurhadgrindingteeth
inthebackofthejawand
largecaninesinthefront.
Scien6stshopeto
understandhow
Heterodontosaurusate,
movedandbreathed.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
FortwodecadestheESRF
hasbeendeveloping
uniqueworldwide
exper6seinpalaeontology,
designingnon-invasive
techniquesspecificallyfor
palaeontologicalstudies.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
TheESRFisuniqueinthat
thehigh-resolu6onofthe
imagesgeneratedhelps
scien6stsdecipher
betweenhardrock
surroundingthefossiland
thebonecapturedinside.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
Usingthehigh-resolu6on
imagesofthescan,
scien6stscanvirtuallydig
outtheskeletonand
reconstructtheanimalin
3D.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
OnID17,theteamtakesafirstlookatthe
imagesofthescans.
“it'slikelyajuvenile:the
skullbonesaren'tstrongly
suturedtogether.Onthe
firstscanswecanseethe
openingsintheskullwhich
areforthebalance
organs.”
-Prof.JonahChoiniere,
WitsUniversity,SA.
Complete Heterodontosaurus scanned
ESRFpalaeontologist,
VincentFernandez,coleaderoftheresearch,sets
thedinosaurskullinplace
beforestar6ngfivedaysof
round-the-clockscanson
ID17.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Noroviruscausesinfec6ous
gastroenteri6s,ahighly
contagiousstomachbug,
andaffectsmillionsof
peopleofallagesaround
theworld.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Therearefewwaysto
preventinfec6onandthe
diseasecanbedangerous
forbabiesandtheelderly,
duetodehydra6on.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Studiesperformedatthe
ESRFallowedscien6ststo
showthatcomponentsof
breastmilkcouldbea
naturaldecoyinhumans,
blockingnorovirusfrom
aBachingtocellularligands
andthusavoidinginfec6on.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Humannorovirusesbindto
Histo-BloodGroupAn6gens
(HBGAs).Inbreastmilk,
humanmilkoligosaccharides
(HMOs)containbuilding
blocksthatresemblethoseof
HBGAs.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
ResearchersfromHeidelberg
University,theGerman
CancerResearchCenter,and
thecompanyJennewein
BiotechnologieGmbH
analysedtheabilityofhuman
norovirustobindtotwo
oligosaccharidesfromhuman
breastmilk:2’FLand3FL.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Theteamfoundthatboth2'fucosyllactose(2'FL)and3FL
structurallyblockthebinding
sitesthatnorovirususesfor
bindingtoHBGAs.
Poten6alapplica6onsfrom
thisstudyincludetheop6on
ofusing2’FLand3FLas
norovirusan6virals.
Can breast milk protect against norovirus?
Theexperimentstookplace
onbeamlinesID23-1,
ID30A-1(MASSIF-1)and
ID30B.
Photo:ChristophMüellerDieckmann,scien6ston
ID30B,duringanofficialvisit
tothebeamline.