Principles
of
Management
Learning Session # 19
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar
Re-cap
of
Session # 18
Enhancing Creativity
in
Decision Making
1. Brainstorming
2. Nominal Group Technique
3. Delphi Technique
4. Scenario Analysis
Creativity in
Decision Making
‘Creativity is the cognitive
process of developing an
idea, concept, commodity
or discovery viewed as
novel by its creator or
target audience.’
Creativity and
Brainstorming
in Your Class !
1. What features would you
like cars to have 10 years
from now ?
2. What new approaches
could recent graduates use
in getting better jobs ?
Brainstorming
may be Electronic!
1) Criticism is ruled out
2) All ideas are welcomed
3) Quantity is wanted
4) Combinations and
improvement are
sought
Nominal Group
Technique
Enhancing creativity and
decision making by integrating
individuals working
independently and then
presenting it for group
interaction and discussion.
Voting for best idea or Ranking!
3 Basic Steps of the
Delphi Technique
1. A questionnaire
is sent to a group
of experts
2. A summary of
the first round
is prepared
3. A summary of
the second round
is prepared
Reasons for Using Scenarios
Scenarios are intended to:
1.Provide a wide range of
possibilities against which to
evaluate strategies
2.Provide a broad vision of
possible events
Reasons for Using Scenarios
3.To assist in the
identification of events
that warrant the
development of
contingency plans
Devil’s Advocacy
1.Generate a potential solution
2.Assign a devil’s advocate to criticize
3.Present the critique of the solution to
key decision makers
4.Gather additional information
5.Decide whether to use, change, or not to
use the originally proposed solution
The Deming Cycle
1. Plan 2. Do
4. Act 3.Check
1. Plan 2. Do
4. Act 3. Check
Continuous
Improvement over
Time
Creativity in
Decision Making
Creativity requires
both:
Convergent Thinking
Attempting to move
logically to a problem
solution.
Creativity in
Decision Making
Divergent Thinking
Generating new ways
of viewing a problem
and seeking novel
alternatives.
Creativity in
Decision Making
Creativity requires
both:
Vertical Thinking
Step wise ,
Sequential and
Rational Style
Creativity in
Decision Making
Lateral Thinking
Step wise but not
sequential
Creativity in
Decision Making
Lateral Thinking
Dr. Edward DeBono
Manager As
Decision Maker
Intuitive Decision Making Subconscious process
of making decisions on
the basis of experience
and accumulated
judgment.
Planning and
Decision Aids
Management Science
Or
Operation Research
For ?
Planning and
Decision Aids
Increasing Decision
Effectiveness by
using Mathematical,
Statistical &
Qualitative Models.