Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Decentralized energy supply based
on the example of Pellworm
Activities for a prospective reliable, sustainable and economic
grid with different energy storage systems
SEEEI Electricity 2012, Eilat, Israel
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, West Coast University of Apllied
Science, Heide, Germany
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Agenda
•
Motivation
•
Basic conditions of Pellworm
•
Technical aspects to set up a smart grid
•
Non technical aspects to set up a smart
grid
•
Summary
Hybrid-Kraftwerk Pellworm,
E.ON Hanse Wärme GmbH
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Motivation: Situation in Germany
• Expansion of renewable energies1):
•
•
•
•
2010: PWPP = 22,2GW, PPVPP = 17,3GW
2030: PWPP = 67,2GW, PPVPP = 61,0GW
2050: PWPP = 82,8GW, PPVPP = 67,2GW
Relationship of not at any time usable power to secure power 1):
2010: 61GW / 103GW ≈ 1 / 1,7
2030: 133GW / 84GW ≈ 1 / 0,6
2050: 153GW / 74GW ≈ 1 / 0,5
Network stability requires coverage of consumption through production and storage
Additional control power is necessary
Additional network expansion is necessary: 12 BMU Pilot study 2011
DENA Grid study II (2011)
2)
3
BDEW Assessment Estimation of the
HV-Grid : 3.500 km
expansion needs within the German
MV-Grid : 55.000 - 140.000 km 3)
distribution grid due to Photovoltaic- and wind
supply until 2020 (2011)
LV-Grid: 140.000 – 240.000 km 3)
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Motivation: main aspects
In addition to the expansion of renewable energies, the conversion of electrical
energy supply includes the following aspects:
Construction of new power
plants
Grid expansion
Feed-in Management
Load management
Energy storage
Intelligent grids
•
•
•
•
•
•
high capital investment, long planning and
construction times, lack of acceptance,
high capital investment, long planning and
construction times, lack of acceptance
large energy losses, high additional costs and
reduction of the CO2 emissions,
currently only small and difficult to be opened
up potentials,
additional losses, investments and fees, still
under development,
new communication infrastructure and
standards, additional investments, data security
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Motivation: Challenges
The following challenges arise for the restructuring of the energy supply:
• Maintaining the usual supply reliability and quality
• Considering the specialities of Schleswig-Holstein with the high percentage of
renewables due to the consumption and for many years involved market
participants (power generators, municipalities, aggregator, grid operators, energy
suppliers and consumers) and a variety of activities in the field of smart grid
• Continued expansion of renewable energy plants, supplementing it with additional
storage and controllable loads,
• Replacement of previous feed-in management through intelligent supply, storage
and load management,
• Replacement of rigid power pricing models through market-oriented, time-variable
and flexible models
• Replacement of existing organizational structures through new organizations.
→ Projekt SmartRegion Pellworm within among others the BMU – „Storageinitiative“
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Motivation: Steps to set up a smart grid
Basics to set up a Smart Grid:
• There is not only one Smart Grid
but several Smart Grids which are
adopted to the specific
requirements.
• The establishment of efficient
Smart Grids is only possible, if the
smart grid sub aspects are
examined together.
• Smart grids can only be
constructed together with
producers, grid operators and
consumers.
Innovation Study Pellworm
Spezification of a Core Smart Grid
Set up the Core Smart Grid
Operation and Evaluation Core Smart Grid
Set up the Full Smart Grid
Operation Full Smart Grid
Schritte zum Aufbau des Smart Grid
Innovationsstudie Pellworm
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Basic conditions of the isle of Pellworm
Situated in the World Heritage National Park Wadden Sea
Area: 37,44 km²
Population: ca. 1100
Households: ca. 720
District: Nordfriesland
Community: Pellworm
Economy:
Tourism (ca. 2000 beds)
Agriculture (ca. 50 Farmers)
with a long tradition of decentralized energy supply:
Solar power plant (1983), Hybrid power plant (1989),
Civic wind park (1989), Expo-energy concept (2000),
Biogas plant (2002), Innovation Hybrid power plant (2005),
Innovation study Pellworm (FHW, 2011)
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Basic conditions of the isle of Pellworm
Connection: two 20kV sea cables,
Substations: >50
Consumption: 7.100 MWh/a1
Generation: 22.300 MWh/a1
100 generating plants (PV-PP, WPP, BPP),
thereof one hybrid power plant (HPP)
and one civic wind park
Energy supplier: E.ON Hanse AG
Grid operator: Schleswig-Holstein Netz AG
Owner of the HPP: E.ON Hanse Wärme
GmbH
Civic wind park: Citizens and municipality
1
Innovation study 2011
Biogas plant: Private operator
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Basic conditions: Detection, generation and consumption
• Generation with
22,3GWh/a >
Consumption with
7,1GWh/a
• High degree of
hybrid power plant
for generating
(26%)
• High degree of
night storage
heaters for
consumption
(10%)
Energy source
Windenergy
Solar
Biomass
Sum
Number of
plants
12
87
1
Energy carrier
Windenergy Hybrid power plant
Solar Hybrid power plant
Sum hybrid power plant
Loadprofil
Household (H0)
Business enterprise (G0-G5)
Electrical heater (E1-E2)
Special agreements
Heat pumps (W1)
Agriculture (L0-L1)
Sum
Installed electrical
capacity in kW
5.725
2.742
530
8.997
Yearly energy yield
in kWh
15.251.399
2.586.485
4.452.690
22.290.574
Installed electrical
capacity in kW
300
772
1.072
Yearly energy yield
in kWh
587.305
806.128
1.393.433
Number of
counter
731
185
148
57
20
15
1.156
Yearly energy yield
in kWh
3.274.702
1.179.462
814.684
1.498.144
178.855
123.038
7.068.885
Energy producers and consumers Pellworm 2010 (own illustration)
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical ascpects: Scenarios for storage element designs
For the storage element design three scenarios are defined:
•
Scenario 1:
a) Storage element to limit the energy exchange with the mainland and avoid
the energy procurement from the mainland (return of energy from RES in
direction of the mainland is possible)
b) Such as 1a) with involvement of flexible loads
c) No energy exchange with the mainland, sourcing of system services from
the mainland
d) Limiting the energy exchange under maximum transmittable power
• Scenario 2: Minimizing of system losses / power factor correction
• Scenario 3: Direct marketing of RE
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical aspects: choice of the storage element
Mid/Long-term




Pumped storage hydro
power station
Compressed air storage
power plant
Redox-flow batteries
Lead-acid battery
Realised plants
Unloading time [h]
Short-term




Lead-acid batteries
Flywheel energy
storage
Condenser
Superconducting reels
Electric power [MW]
Source: Christian Doetsch, Fraunhofer Umsicht: Netzgebundene Speichertechnologien, E-World Essen 08.02.2011
Selection criterias for storage elements: output, power, charge and discharge
time, level of efficiency, availability, environmental compability, cost, accpetance
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical aspects: Storage element design Scenario 1
Optimization model
Storage parameter
Energy procurement [MWh]
Reference
-
336,51 (5%)
Very high RFB
800 kW / 8000 kWh, Eta = 0,64
64.81
High RFB
400 kW / 4000 kWh, Eta = 0,64
130.37
Small RFB
400 kW / 1100 kWh, Eta = 0,64
211.29
Small LIB
400kW / 1000 kWh, Eta = 0.81
206.77
High RFB with NSH
400 kW / 4000 kWh, Eta = 0,64
81.31
Moderate RFB with NSH
800 kW / 8000 kWh, Eta = 0,64
29.19 (0,5%)
Small RFB with NSH
400 kW / 1100 kWh, Eta = 0,64
137.70
Small LIB with NSH
400kW /1000 kWh, Eta = 0.81
135.28
- A combination of storage elements with a moderate size and flexible loads reduces
the annual energy import from the mainland by up to 90% 12
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical aspects: Examination of static grid characteristics
•
•
•
•
Modeling of producers and consumers
on the basis of existing time series with
respect to long-term influences
(meteorological data) and load profiles
Implementation of the grid map on
Pellworm in the modeling environment
(Digsilent)
Setting target scenarios for the storage
design, taking into account the
assessment of storage technologies
Calculation of residual voltage and load
conditions
Extract grid distribution Pellworm (Quelle: AST-IOSB)
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-4.0E+2
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
-6.0E+2
Technical aspects: Examination of dynamic grid characteristics
-8.0E+2
-1.0E+3 and power curves at the grid model Pellworm with storage elements show:
Voltage
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
• no unacceptably
large
voltage
changes
in the MV network,
BT Pellworm In de See:
Allgemeine
Last, Wirkleistung
in kW
x-Achse: tlg: time in h
KS Pellworm Osterschuetting: Allgemeine Last, Wirkleistung in kW
KS Pellworm Grüner Deich WKA: Allgemeine Last, Wirkleistung in kW
• location of the storage element freely choosable
1,014
1,012
1,010
1,008
1,006
1,004
1,002
0,00
5,00
10,00
x-Achse: tlg: time in h
BT Pellworm In de See: Spannung, Betrag in p.u.
KS Pellworm Osterschuetting: Spannung, Betrag in p.u.
KS Pellworm Grüner Deich WKA: Spannung, Betrag in p.u.
15,00
20,00
25,00
Datum: 16.03.2011
derfor
Einspeisungen
relative voltage progression over a day with extreme feed-in and removal situations = KL
plot
a day of the
medium voltage
Anhang:
/3
Pellworm (AST IOSB)
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical aspects: Building the centralized storage elements
• Blueprint for the construction
• Approval of the construction
• Medium Voltage connection
with two transfomators
• New Building for the RedowFlow-Battery
• Container solution for the
converter station and the
Lithium-Battery
Detailled plan for the hyprid power plant with storage elements
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Technical aspects: Grid structure with storage elements
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Non-technical aspects to set up the Smart Grid Pellworm
Economic aspects:
•
Business models for the owners of the WPP, for the aggregators, for the grid
supplier, for the energy distributor (direct sales, sale of local grid services,
sustainable energy supply in the region, combined grid management)
•
Economic benefits for smart grid participants, especially household
Legal aspects:
•
contract design, contract duration for smart grid participants
•
data security and privacy
•
protection and warranty questions
Social aspects:
•
Communication strategy, transparency
•
Acceptance
•
active participation of several involved parties.
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Non-technical aspects: Survey of the citizens of Pellworm
How high is the willingness to accept measures for the construction of an
intelligent grid?
More than two third of the households assess the development of renewable
energies as very useful. They do not feel disturbed by the existing generation
facilities and see the expansion of the electricity grid as useful.
Very high
Very low
Evaluation of the surveys and interviews from 165 households
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Non-technical aspects : Survey of the citizens of Pellworm
Altogether the following statements can be derived:
•
The citizens of Pellworm basically welcome the reconstruction of the
electrical energy supply.
•
Smart-Metering characteristics are known and positively evaluated.
•
The residents are interested in the development of the ICT infrastructure, but
would pay only a minority for it.
•
With increasing age, the willingness to invest in a fast Internet connection
and to pay monthly for it gets lower.
•
The willingness to use an electric vehicle is surprisingly large.
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Summary: Project content
• Construction, putting into operation, operation of a LIB (560kWLoad, 1,1MWEntl /
560kWh) and a RFB (geplant 200kW /1,2MWh) on the site of the hybrid power
plant with the associated power electronic supply and recovery unit
• Equipment for consumers (especially with electric storage heating) with power
meters and smart meters including control facilities
• Collection and analysis of consumption and producer portfolios as minute values
• Automation of local energy exchange and connection of the controllable producers
and consumers in the grid control system, building a new communication
infrastructure
• Construction and putting into operation the energy management system for gridparallel operation of the hybrid power plant, storage and night storage heaters
• Identifying and implementing the optimal control strategy of the system
components according to selected strategies
• Evaluate the operation, marketing models and influence of the price-signals
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Summary: consortium and tasks
Partner
Project focus
E.ON New Build
and Technology
Project planning and -management, RedoxFlow-Battery
E.ON Hanse AG
S-H-Netz AG
Project implementation, ICT-Infrastructure,
Operation
University of
Applied Sciences
West Coast
Customer behavior, Technology
acceptance, Transferability in the regions
Fraunhofer IOSBAST & Umsicht
Grid modeling and calculation and energy
management system
Gustav Klein
GmbH
Power electronics for energy storage
elements
Saft Batterien
GmbH
Li-Ionic Battery
RWTH Aachen
Scientific total evaluation, economic impact
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Reiner Schütt, FHW: Decentralized energy supply using the example of Pellworm
Steps towards a new energy supply: Example Pellworm
- SmartRegion Pellworm = Component of a new energy supply
- Pilot study 2011
- Activities since 2012
- Starting up in 2013
- Trading results until 2015
Visit Pellworm: E.ON-Besucherzentrum at the hybrid power plant,
In de See, Pellworm
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