Electronic Supplementary Material
Contrasting biogeographic and diversification patterns in two Mediterranean-type
ecosystems
Sven BUERKI1,5,6, Sarah JOSE1,5, Shrirang R. YADAV2, Peter GOLDBLATT3, John C.
MANNING4, Félix FOREST1,6
1Jodrell
Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom.
of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004(MS), India.
3B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 631660299, U.S.A.
4Compton Herbarium, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute,
Claremont 7735, South Africa.
2Department
5
6
These authors contributed equally to this work and are considered co-first authors
Authors for correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]
Figure S3. Lagrange biogeographic reconstruction of Hyacinthaceae displayed on the PLdated allcompat tree. A) overview of the family with 95% PL intervals of confidence on
nodes. Numbers on nodes refer to Table S3. The classification follows the World Checklist of
Selected Plant Families. See E) for the legend of ancestral area reconstructions.
Oziroeoideae
484
414
471
257
415
416
258
261
259
368
298
372
299
301
302
Paleocene
Eocene
60
40
Age (Ma)
Oligocene
Miocene
20
Plio Plt
0
Hyacinthoideae
300
Urgineoideae
260
Ornithogaloideae
Oziroe biflora
Oziroe acaulis
Albuca stapfii
Albuca amoena
Albuca pulchra
Albuca seineri
Albuca unifolia
Albuca etesiogar ipensis
Albuca volubilis
Albuca tenuifolia
Albuca virens
Albuca abyssinica
Albuca amboensis
Albuca pendula
Albuca secunda
Albuca concordiana
Albuca suaveolens
Albuca consanguinea
Albuca semipedalis
Albuca setosa
Albuca glandulosa
Albuca tortuosa
Albuca rupestris
Albuca cooperi
Albuca nelsonii
Albuca shawii
Albuca clanwilliamaeglor ia
Albuca fragrans
Albuca acuminata
Albuca canadensis
Pseudogaltonia cla vata
Dipcadi goaense
Dipcadi concanense
Dipcadi ursulae
Dipcadi montan um
Dipcadi saxor um
Dipcadi serotin um
Dipcadi er ythraeum
Dipcadi glaucum
Dipcadi heterocuspe
Dipcadi brevifolium
Dipcadi gracillimum
Dipcadi vir ide
Dipcadi longif olium
Ornithogalum convallarioides
Ornithogalum haalenbergense
Ornithogalum xanthochlor um
Ornithogalum candicans
Ornithogalum saundersiae
Ornithogalum vir idiflorum
Ornithogalum pr inceps
Ornithogalum maculatum
Ornithogalum r upestre
Ornithogalum multifolium
Ornithogalum bicor nutum
Ornithogalum dubium
Ornithogalum pr uinosum
Ornithogalum hispidum
Ornithogalum constr ictum
Ornithogalum cor ticatum
Ornithogalum conicum
Ornithogalum thyrsoides
Ornithogalum esterhuyseniae
Ornithogalum neopatersonia
Ornithogalum rotatum
Ornithogalum filicaule
Ornithogalum reverchonii
Ornithogalum concinn um
Ornithogalum broteroi
Ornithogalum arabicum
Ornithogalum paludosum
Ornithogalum graminifolium
Ornithogalum sardienii
Ornithogalum juncif olium
Ornithogalum divergens
Ornithogalum sephtonii
Ornithogalum gracillimum
Ornithogalum fle xuosum
Ornithogalum nutans
Ornithogalum gussonei
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum
Ornithogalum narbonense
Ornithogalum cuspidatum
Ornithogalum chionophilum
Ornithogalum paschean um
Ornithogalum fimbr iatum
Ornithogalum amphibolum
Ornithogalum wiedemannii
Ornithogalum bouchean um
Ornithogalum ar meniacum
Ornithogalum umbellatum
Ornithogalum baeticum
Ornithogalum or thophyllum
Ornithogalum pedicellare
Ornithogalum sintenisii
Ornithogalum montan um
Ornithogalum lanceolatum
Ornithogalum oligoph yllum
Ornithogalum collin um
Ornithogalum refr actum
Bowiea volubilis
Drimia nana
Drimia convallarioides
Drimia uniflor a
Drimia fugax
Drimia noctiflor a
Drimia pumila
Drimia wightii
Drimia razii
Drimia polyantha
Drimia indica
Drimia cryptopoda
Drimia mascarenensis
Drimia urgineoides
Drimia filifolia
Drimia exuviata
Drimia delagoensis
Drimia macrocar pa
Drimia capensis
Drimia multisetosa
Drimia altissima
Drimia maritima
Drimia hesperia
Drimia undata
Drimia numidica
Drimia pancration
Drimia aphylla
Drimia sanguinea
Drimia intr icata
Drimia haworthioides
Drimia sphaerocephala
Drimia elata
Drimia namibensis
Drimia dregei
Drimia physodes
Drimia anomala
Drimia hesperantha
Drimia macrocentr a
Drimia calcarata
Pseudoprospero fir mifolium
Merwilla lazulina
Schizocarphus nervosus
Ledebouria floribunda
Resnova lachenalioides
Resnova maxima
Resnova humifusa
Ledebouria urceolata
Ledebouria nossibeensis
Ledebouria revoluta
Ledebouria somaliensis
Ledebouria cordifolia
Ledebouria socialis
Ledebouria concolor
Drimiopsis bar teri
Drimiopsis botr yoides
Drimiopsis maculata
Drimiopsis pusilla
Drimiopsis burkei
Eucomis montana
Eucomis zambesiaca
Eucomis vandermerwei
Eucomis comosa
Eucomis bicolor
Spetaea lachenaliiflor a
Daubenya zeyheri
Daubenya stylosa
Daubenya aurea
Daubenya capensis
Daubenya comata
Daubenya namaquensis
Daubenya marginata
Veltheimia bracteata
Namophila urotepala
Massonia bifolia
Massonia echinata
Massonia tenella
Massonia pustulata
Massonia pygmaea
Massonia depressa
Lachenalia namibiensis
Lachenalia paucif olia
Lachenalia ensifolia
Lachenalia pusilla
Lachenalia aloides
Lachenalia pallida
Lachenalia r ubida
Lachenalia contaminata
Barnardia japonica
Scilla villosa
Scilla per uviana
Scilla dimar tinoi
Scilla monophyllos
Scilla verna
Scilla lilio h yacinthus
Scilla latifolia
Scilla madeirensis
Scilla haemorrhoidalis
Brimeura amethystina
Hyacinthoides italica
Hyacinthoides lingulata
Hyacinthoides ar istidis
Hyacinthoides reverchonii
Hyacinthoides maur itanica
Hyacinthoides non scr ipta
Hyacinthoides paiv ae
Hyacinthoides hispanica
Prospero obtusifolium
Prospero autumnale
Prospero elisae
Hyacinthella heldreichii
Hyacinthella ner vosa
Hyacinthella leucophaea
Hyacinthella dalmatica
Puschkinia scilloides
Alrawia bellii
Hyacinthus or ientalis
Zagrosia persica
Scilla bithynica
Fessia hohenackeri
Fessia greilhuber i
Hyacinthus litwino vii
Fessia vvedenskyi
Fessia puschkinioides
Scilla hyacinthoides
Scilla litardierei
Scilla messeniaca
Scilla bifolia
Scilla cydonia
Scilla forbesii
Scilla nana
Bellevalia romana
Bellevalia fominii
Pseudomuscari forniculatum
Bellevalia saviczii
Bellevalia macrobotr ys
Bellevalia longistyla
Bellevalia glauca
Bellevalia trifoliata
Bellevalia dubia
Bellevalia sessiliflor a
Bellevalia flexuosa
Muscari macrocar pum
Pseudomuscari coeleste
Pseudomuscari chalusicum
Pseudomuscari coeruleum
Pseudomuscari inconstrictum
Muscari parviflorum
Leopoldia longipes
Leopoldia caucasica
Leopoldia comosa
Leopoldia ten uiflora
Pseudomuscari pallens
Muscari armeniacum
Muscari neglectum
Hyacinthella millingenii
Muscari botryoides
511
Figure S3. Biogeographic reconstruction on the PL-dated allcompat tree; B) focus on
subfamily Hyacinthoideae. The classification follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant
Families. See E) for the legend of ancestral area reconstructions.
Hyacinthoideae
50
Oligocene
40
30
Age (Ma)
Miocene
20
Plio Plt
10
0
Tribe Hyacintheae
Eocene
Tribe Massonieae
Paleocene
Tribe Pseudoprospereae
Pseudoprospero firmifolium C
Merwilla lazulina C
Schizocarphus nervosus C
Ledebouria floribunda C
Resnova lachenalioides C
Resnova maxima C
Resnova humifusa C
Ledebouria urceolata C
Ledebouria nossibeensis B
Ledebouria revoluta CDGH
Ledebouria somaliensis C
Ledebouria cordifolia C
Ledebouria socialis C
Ledebouria concolor C
Drimiopsis barteri C
Drimiopsis botryoides C
Drimiopsis maculata C
Drimiopsis pusilla C
Drimiopsis burkei C
Eucomis montana C
Eucomis zambesiaca C
Eucomis vandermerwei C
Eucomis comosa CD
Eucomis bicolor C
Spetaea lachenaliiflora D
Daubenya zeyheri CD
Daubenya stylosa D
Daubenya aurea C
Daubenya capensis CD
Daubenya comata C
Daubenya namaquensis C
Daubenya marginata C
Veltheimia bracteata CD
Namophila urotepala C
Massonia bifolia CD
Massonia echinata CD
Massonia tenella C
Massonia pustulata CD
Massonia pygmaea CD
Massonia depressa CD
Lachenalia namibiensis C
Lachenalia paucifolia D
Lachenalia ensifolia CD
Lachenalia pusilla D
Lachenalia aloides D
Lachenalia pallida D
Lachenalia rubida CD
Lachenalia contaminata D
Barnardia japonica EH
Scilla villosa E
Scilla peruviana E
Scilla dimartinoi E
Scilla monophyllos E
Scilla verna EF
Scilla lilio hyacinthus E
Scilla latifolia E
Scilla madeirensis E
Scilla haemorrhoidalis E
Brimeura amethystina E
Hyacinthoides italica E
Hyacinthoides lingulata E
Hyacinthoides aristidis E
Hyacinthoides reverchonii E
Hyacinthoides mauritanica E
Hyacinthoides non scripta EF
Hyacinthoides paivae E
Hyacinthoides hispanica E
Prospero obtusifolium E
Prospero autumnale EFG
Prospero elisae E
Hyacinthella heldreichii E
Hyacinthella nervosa E
Hyacinthella leucophaea EF
Hyacinthella dalmatica E
Puschkinia scilloides G
Alrawia bellii G
Hyacinthus orientalis EG
Zagrosia persica G
Scilla bithynica E
Fessia hohenackeri F
Fessia greilhuberi G
Hyacinthus litwinovii FG
Fessia vvedenskyi H
Fessia puschkinioides H
Scilla hyacinthoides EG
Scilla litardierei E
Scilla messeniaca E
Scilla bifolia EF
Scilla cydonia E
Scilla forbesii E
Scilla nana E
Bellevalia romana E
Bellevalia fominii G
Pseudomuscari forniculatum G
Bellevalia saviczii H
Bellevalia macrobotrys EG
Bellevalia longistyla G
Bellevalia glauca GH
Bellevalia trifoliata E
Bellevalia dubia EG
Bellevalia sessiliflora E
Bellevalia flexuosa E
Muscari macrocarpum E
Pseudomuscari coeleste G
Pseudomuscari chalusicum G
Pseudomuscari coeruleum F
Pseudomuscari inconstrictum EFG
Muscari parviflorum E
Leopoldia longipes EG
Leopoldia caucasica EG
Leopoldia comosa EFG
Leopoldia tenuiflora EFG
Pseudomuscari pallens F
Muscari armeniacum EFG
Muscari neglectum EFGH
Hyacinthella millingenii E
Muscari botryoides EF
Figure S3. Biogeographic reconstruction on the PL-dated allcompat tree; C) focus on
subfamily Ornithogaloideae. The classification follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant
Families. See E) for the legend of ancestral area reconstructions.
Ornithogaloideae
Eocene
40
Albuca stapfii C
Albuca amoena C
Albuca pulchra C
Albuca seineri C
Albuca unifolia CD
Albuca etesiogaripensis C
Albuca volubilis B
Albuca tenuifolia C
Albuca virens C
Albuca abyssinica C
Albuca amboensis C
Albuca pendula C
Albuca secunda CD
Albuca concordiana CD
Albuca suaveolens CD
Albuca consanguinea C
Albuca semipedalis CD
Albuca setosa CD
Albuca glandulosa CD
Albuca tortuosa CD
Albuca rupestris C
Albuca cooperi CD
Albuca nelsonii C
Albuca shawii C
Albuca clanwilliamaegloria D
Albuca fragrans D
Albuca acuminata CD
Albuca canadensis CD
Pseudogaltonia clavata C
Dipcadi goaense H
Dipcadi concanense H
Dipcadi ursulae H
Dipcadi montanum H
Dipcadi saxorum H
Dipcadi serotinum EGH
Dipcadi erythraeum EGH
Dipcadi glaucum C
Dipcadi heterocuspe B
Dipcadi brevifolium CD
Dipcadi gracillimum C
Dipcadi viride CD
Dipcadi longifolium C
Ornithogalum convallarioides B
Ornithogalum haalenbergense C
Ornithogalum xanthochlor um C
Ornithogalum candicans C
Ornithogalum saundersiae C
Ornithogalum viridiflorum C
Ornithogalum princeps C
Ornithogalum maculatum CD
Ornithogalum rupestre CD
Ornithogalum multifolium CD
Ornithogalum bicornutum CD
Ornithogalum dubium CD
Ornithogalum pruinosum C
Ornithogalum hispidum CD
Ornithogalum constrictum CD
Ornithogalum corticatum C
Ornithogalum conicum CD
Ornithogalum thyrsoides CD
Ornithogalum esterhuyseniae D
Ornithogalum neopatersonia CD
Ornithogalum rotatum C
Ornithogalum filicaule C
Ornithogalum reverchonii E
Ornithogalum concinnum E
Ornithogalum broteroi E
Ornithogalum arabicum E
Ornithogalum paludosum CD
Ornithogalum graminifolium CD
Ornithogalum sardienii D
Ornithogalum juncifolium CD
Ornithogalum divergens EF
Ornithogalum sephtonii C
Ornithogalum gracillimum C
Ornithogalum flexuosum CD
Ornithogalum nutans E
Ornithogalum gussonei E
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum EFG
Ornithogalum narbonense EFG
Ornithogalum cuspidatum EG
Ornithogalum chionophilum E
Ornithogalum pascheanum E
Ornithogalum fimbriatum EF
Ornithogalum amphibolum EF
Ornithogalum wiedemannii E
Ornithogalum boucheanum EF
Ornithogalum armeniacum E
Ornithogalum umbellatum EF
Ornithogalum baeticum E
Ornithogalum orthophyllum EFG
Ornithogalum pedicellare E
Ornithogalum sintenisii FG
Ornithogalum montanum EF
Ornithogalum lanceolatum E
Ornithogalum oligophyllum EG
Ornithogalum collinum EG
Ornithogalum refractum EFG
Oligocene
30
Miocene
20
Age (Ma)
Plio
10
Plt
0
Figure S3. Biogeographic reconstruction on the PL-dated allcompat tree; D) focus on
subfamily Urginoideae. The classification follows the World Checklist of Selected Plant
Families. See E) for the legend of ancestral area reconstructions.
Urgineoideae
Bowiea volubilis CD
Drimia nana C
Drimia convallarioides CD
Drimia uniflora CD
Drimia fugax E
Drimia noctiflora E
Drimia pumila C
Drimia wightii H
Drimia razii H
Drimia polyantha H
Drimia indica CH
Drimia cryptopoda B
Drimia mascarenensis B
Drimia urgineoides B
Drimia filifolia D
Drimia exuviata CD
Drimia delagoensis C
Drimia macrocarpa C
Drimia capensis CD
Drimia multisetosa C
Drimia altissima C
Drimia maritima E
Drimia hesperia E
Drimia undata E
Drimia numidica E
Drimia pancration E
Drimia aphylla EG
Drimia sanguinea C
Drimia intricata CD
Drimia haworthioides CD
Drimia sphaerocephala C
Drimia elata CD
Drimia namibensis C
Drimia dregei D
Drimia physodes CD
Drimia anomala C
Drimia hesperantha D
Drimia macrocentra C
Drimia calcarata C
Eocene
40
Oligocene
30
Miocene
20
Age (Ma)
Plio Plt
10
0
Figure S3. E) legend of ancestral area reconstructions.
Legend: Biogeographic areas
CEF
A
CGH
AC
CH
B
D
BC
E
BCD
EF
BCH
EFG
C
EG
CD
EGH
CDE
FG
CE
FGH
G
GH
H
Trash