April 20th, 2015
United Nations Conference Center
Environmental Impacts of MAC
in Region with High Ambient Temperature
Pradit Mahasaksiri
DENSO International Asia Co., Ltd.(DIAT)
1. Car Sales and Average Temperature in ASEAN Region
Tokyo
16.1C
D.C.
14.5C
L.A.
17.2C
London
11.0C
Rome
11.8C
Beijing
12.1C
(Thousand)
THAILAND
Average Temp.:28.4℃
MYANMAR
Average Temp.:27.4℃
2/12
LAOS
Average Temp.:28℃
VIET NAM
Average Temp.:28℃
Ave. Temp.=27.6C
PHILIPPINES
Average Temp.:26.5℃
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Average Temp.:28℃
Car sales in ASEAN Region
MALAYSIA
Average Temp.:27℃
SINGAPORE
Average Temp.:27.4℃
INDONESIA
Average Temp.:28.4℃
CAMBOGIA
Average Temp.:27.7℃
ASEAN region has particularly increased the number of car sales.
We think that ASEAN region has a big environmental impact of MAC because of high temperature.
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
3/12
2. Estimate MAC Fuel Consumption and Refrigerant Impact
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
2-1. Estimate MAC CO2 Emission in Thailand
4/12
Ratio of MAC CO2 emission
CO2 emission per one car (kgCO2/yr)
27.1%(Tailand)
10.7%(Japan)
Japan
280kgCO2
Ambient temp.：
16→28.4℃
(3.1 times*）
Thailand
868kgCO2
(3.1 times)
Mileage：
10575→27500km/yr
(2.6 times)
2268kgCO2
(8.1 times)
*CO2 emission increase
based on tempature rise.
Overall CO2 emission comparison
Japan
16.64 million
ton-CO2
Thailand
14.22 million
ton-CO2
(0.85 times)
Vehicle UIO* in 2012
Japan : 59.42 millions
Thailand : 6.27 millions
(11% of Japan)
*UIO: Unit in operation
MAC CO2 emission in Thailand is about 85% of Japan and will exceed soon considering
market growth in the future.
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
2-2. Estimate MAC CO2 Emission in Indonesia
5/12
Ratio of MAC CO2 emission
CO2 emission per car (kgCO2/yr)
25.0%(Tailand)
10.7%(Japan)
Indonesia
Japan
280kgCO2
Ambient temp ：
16→28.4℃
(3.1 times*)
868kgCO2
(3.1 times)
Mileage：
10575→19574km/yr
(1.9 times)
1616kgCO2
(5.7 times)
*CO2 emission increase
based on tempature rise.
Overall CO2 emission comparison
Indonesia
Japan
16.64 million
CO2-ton
Vehicle UIO in 2012
Japan
: 59.42 millions
Indonesia : 10.494 millions
(17.6% of Japan)
16.96 million
CO2-ton
Almost same
CO2 emission in Indonesia is the same as Japan and will largely exceed soon considering
market growth in the future.
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
3. JAMA Field Survey (2004-2005) : Refrigerant Leakage
JAMA：Japan Automobile Manufacturers Associate
6/12
vehicle numbers
Region;and
Tokyo
and Nagoya
average
temp: 16C
Region: Tokyo
Nagoya
city （88vehicles）,
(88 vehicles),
Average
temp. 16C
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Average leakage: 10.2g/y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Leakage (g/yr)
Vehicle numbers
Region:
Okinawa
(27(27
vehicles),
average
temp.22C temp. 22C
Region:
Okinawa
city
vehicles)
Average
5
Average leakage: 16.0g/y
4
3
2
1
0
1
2 3
4
5
6 7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Leakage (g/yr)
Survey result shows that 6C temp. rise leads to 6g/yr leakage.
Leakage should increase more and more in ASEAN region with average temp. 28 C.
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
7/12
4. Refrigerant Management and Car Air-conditioner
Repair in ASEAN Region
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
4-1. ASEAN Environment and Car Usage
① Average Ambient Temperature Comparison
③ Passenger Car Annual Average mileage [km]
8/12
② MAC Annual operating hours [Hr]
④ PM pollution concentration [μg/m3]
PM: Particulate Matter
① Ambient temp. is high all year around ② MAC annual operating hour is longer
③ Annual average mileage of passenger car is longer ④ PM pollution concentration is higher
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
4-2. MAC Impact under ASEAN Environment and Car Usage
9/12
①Higher average ambient temperature
Increase of in-use refrigerant leakage
Refrigerant charge is required
②Longer MAC operating hours
Clog of AC filter quickly
Decrease of Heat exchanger performance by dust
Periodic maintenance is required
③Longer annual mileage
Increase of repair demand
Genuine refrigerant management and
appropriate repair are required.
④ Higher pollution concentration
Refrigerant recovery is required to
exchange parts.
Refrigerant recovery recycle machine
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
4-3. Actual Situation at AC Service/Repair Shop
10/12
1. Refrigerant being discharged directly to atmosphere
- Expansion of refrigerant recovery/recycle machine is not enough.
- Impact of discharging refrigerant to atmosphere is not recognized well.
Global warming impact
HFC-134a
CRC-12
2. Unapproved refrigerant being charged
- Circulate unapproved refrigerant
- Unable to judge genuine refrigerant
Performance decrease and system malfunction
3. Imitated parts being distributed
- Low price, but low quality.
Performance decrease/ Early malfunction
Refrigerant is discharged to
atmosphere without
recovery machine
Refrigerant is discharged to atmosphere and imitated parts are used in some AC
service/repair shops and general garages.
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
Proposal
11/12
High ambient temperature countries would have a great environment
impact of MAC.
Switching to Low-GWP refrigerant appropriate for high temperature
region would be expected in the long term.
However until switching to Low-GWP refrigerant, followings are our
concerns and what we should work on in the short term. For this reason,
field survey to ascertain the fact and actual situation shall be performed.
1.High refrigerant leakage (ex. Leak tight connection or hoses etc.)
2.High fuel consumption (ex. High efficient compressor or HXs etc.)
3.Insufficient refrigerant recovery (ex. Expand recovery machine)
4.Insufficient AC servicing (ex. Lead proper service)
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.
12/12
Thank You for Your
attention!
This information is the exclusive property of DENSO CORPORATION. Without their consent, it may not be reproduced or given to third parties.