THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF
ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC
ACCOUNTING FOR ENERGY, SEEA-ENERGY
Ole Gravgård Pedersen,
Statistics Denmark
[email protected]
IAOS Conference on Official Statistics and the Environment
Theme 3: Integration of Environmental Information – Frameworks,
Standards and Classifications
Santiago, Chile, 20-22 October 2010
SEEA-Energy
• A new standard/information system on
energy resources and on how energy is
produced and used in the economy
• Covering a broad spectrum of energy
issues
• An UNSD statistical standard within the UN
suite of standards and publications
2
SEEA-ENERGY and some other members of the UNSD family
UN Accounting Frameworks:
2008 SNA
System of
National Accounts
SEEA
System of
Economic-Environmental
Accounting
SEEA-Water
SEEA-Energy
UN
Classifications:
Aggregates
Accounts
UN Frameworks for
Basic Statistics:
IRES
Basic statistics
International
Recommendations for
Energy Statistics
ISIC
SIEC
UNFC
SEEA-Energy, SEEA and 2008 SNA
• SEEA-Energy uses the 2008 SNA and SEEA tool box
Methods, terminology, definitions and classifications are the
same, e.g.
- resources, products and residuals
- residence principle
• However, the specific characteristics of energy
(e.g. measuring units) is taken into account
• More precise/comprehensive than SEEA
when it comes to energy
• Focus on links between accounts
Asset (stock) accounts and flow accounts
Physical accounts and monetary accounts
4
SEEA-Energy, energy statistics and balances
• SEEA-Energy is based on - and have much in
common with - energy statistics and energy balances,
but not exactly the same scope and coverage
• SEEA-Energy has more focus on
– The economic activities (as in National Accounts)
– Monetary transactions related to energy (consistent with physical
flows)
– Less emphasis on technologies
– More emphasis on uses of energy
• Presentation and focus are different
• Link to IRES, the International Recommendations for
Energy Statistics
5
Main areas of SEEA-Energy
• Stock accounts (asset accounts) in physical and
monetary units
• Flow accounts in the form of supply and use tables for
energy products in physical and monetary units
• Hybrid accounts combining physical and monetary
accounts
• Monetary 2008 SNA type accounts for economic
activities and transfers related specifically to energy
extraction, energy production and energy use
• Applications of the energy accounts
6
SEEA-Energy - Chapters
Chapter 1 + 2: Introduction and Framework
Chapter 3: Physical asset accounts
Chapter 4: Monetary asset accounts
Chapter 5: Physical flow accounts
Chapter 6: Monetary and hybrid flow accounts
Chapter 7: Applications
7
Total
output
Industries by ISIC
D
Mining and
quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas
steam and air
conditioning supply
H
Total
supply
Other industries
C
Transportation and
storage
B
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
Example:
SEEA-Energy
supply table
for energy
A
Imports
TeraJoule
1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc.
2. Oil
3. Natural Gas
4. Electricity
5. Heat
6. Renewable fuels and waste
Total supply of energy
724
437
39
39 1 161
355
55
369
187
130
1
1 079
806
187
130
95
410
688
2 298
227
932
17
227
2 011
806
212
130
113
1 200
3 498
24
Intermediate Consumption, Industries by ISIC
B
C
D
H
Mining and
quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas
steam and air
conditioning supply
Transportation and
storage
Other industries
A
Agriculture, forestry
and fishing
Example:
SEEA-Energy
use table
for energy
Total Industries
TeraJoule
1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc.
2. Oil
3. Natural Gas
4. Electricity
5. Heat
6. Renewable fuels and waste
Total use of energy
2
34
2
7
2
3
50
2
30
32
18
382
39
34
7
4
223
16
452
33
2
69
484
795
621
6
1
628
49
12
35
29
1
243
1 104
535
115
41
77
127
2 116
Total use Losses
Total use
Final consumption
by the
and reincl.
ConChan- Exports
Total
economy
turns
to
losses
and
sumpges in
final conthe
returns
tion by invensumpenvironhousetories
tion
ment
holds
TeraJoule
1. Coal, coke, gas work gas; etc.
2. Oil
1
- 21
2
- 18
225
2
227
102
-3
801
900
2 005
6
2 011
3. Natural Gas
28
2
201
232
767
40
806
4. Electricity
39
49
88
204
8
212
5. Heat
63
63
104
26
130
6. Renewable fuels and waste
Total use of energy
33
1
34
112
1
112
1 055
1 300
3 415
83
3 498
267
- 22
Use and usefulness of SEEA-Energy
• Low cost extension of energy statistics and balances
• Complete and coherent presentation of energy issues
with focus on economic activities
• Accounting principles with checks and balances leads
to completeness and improved quality
• Consistency across time and countries
• Basis for economic-energy analysis and modelling
• Basis for (SEEA-) emissions accounts
• Basis for consistent indicators
10
Example of use of SEEA-Energy
Decomposition of energy use and emissions by underlying factors
Changes in Danish CO2- emissions 1990-2007
- 0,7
Actual change in emissions from 1990 to 2007
Calculated effect of economic
growth on CO2-emissions
+ 22.6
Calculated effect of structural changes
on CO2-emissions
- 11.5
Calculated effect of changes in energy
efficiency on CO2-emissions
- 4.2
Calculated effect of shifting to other types of
energy on CO2-emissions
- 7.6
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Million tonnes CO2
Note: The CO2-emissions are exclusive of emissions related to bunkering abroad and burning of biomass
20
25
SEEA-Energy vs. Energy Statistics
Danish Energy Use – GJ per million DKK GDP
1,200
1,000
SEEA-Energy (residence principle)
800
600
Energy statistics (territory principle)
400
200
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
A statistical standard within the UN statistical
system
• International agreed framework for organization of data
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
concepts
definitions
classifications
reporting by (inter-related) tables and accounts
universal relevance
applicability and feasibility of implementation
consensus
• Coherence and consistency – internally and externally
(SEEA, SNA, ISIC, IRES, etc.)
• Established and maintained through a world wide
consultation process
13
Some challenges for SEEA-Energy
• Bridging energy statistics/balances and energy
accounts
• Coherent terminology
• Coherence across different accounts
• Universal relevance, applicability and feasibility
of implementation
• Balance between ambitions and feasibility
• Establishing a transparent process involving all
stakeholders
14
Where are we and what remains?
So far:
• Part of UNSD work programme
• The main part of the drafting has been done
Remaining work:
• Finish drafting
• Expert Group Meeting on Energy Accounts and Statistics
• World-wide consultation
• Adoption by the UN Statistical Commission
Implementation in countries !
15
More information on SEEA-Energy
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seeae/
16