Plant Notes:
Plants:
 Multicellular eukaryotes
 Cell walls of cellulose
 Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Carbon dioxide + water + light
Oxygen + glucose
Types of Plants:
 Non-Vascular: no system
for transporting water or
sugar
Must be low to the ground
and only a few cells thick
Examples include moss
Types of Plants:
 Vascular: contain a system for transporting water &
sugar
Xylem: carries water
Phloem: carries sugar (food)
Examples: house plants, trees, ferns
Plant Structures:
 Roots:
Functions:
Anchors plant
Absorb minerals and
water from the soil
Store food (in some
cases)
Types of Roots:
Fibrous (grass)
Taproot (carrot)
Plant Structures:
 Stems:
Functions:
 Support leaves
 Transport water up (xylem)
 Transport sugar throughout
(phloem)
Types of stems:
 Woody: increase in size
every year
 Herbaceous: live only one
growing season (green)
Plant Structures:
 Leaves:
Function:
 Trap light for
photosynthesis, thin so
light can pass through
Structures:
 Cuticle: waxy layer on top
of leaf
• prevents water loss
• made of lipids
 Epidermis: outermost layer
of cells
Plant Structures:
 Leaf Structure:
Stomata: openings allow
Carbon dioxide in and
Oxygen out
Guard cells: open and
close stomata
Mesophyll: photosynthetic
cells (with chlorophyll)
Vascular bundle: xylem
and phloem
Plant Structures:
 Flowers:
Function:
 to attract insects to pollinate egg and make seed (protects
embryo and food supply)
Structures:
 Sepal: usually green encircles flower
 Petals: leaf-like, colorful
Plant Structures:
 Flower Structure:
Stamen: male reproductive
parts
 Anther: holds pollen
 Filament: holds anther in air
Pistil (carpel): female
reproductive parts
 Stigma: sticky surface where
pollen lands
 Style: tube leading from stigma to
ovary
 Ovary: place where egg is
produced
Gymnosperms:
Seeds in cones
(evergreens)
Angiosperms:
Flowering plants
2 kinds: monocots
and dicots
Monocots vs. Dicots:
 Monocots:
1 seed leaf
long leaves with parallel
veins
petals in multiples of 3
 Dicots:
2 seed leaves
broad leaves with branched
veins
4 or 5 petals