SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
UNTUK SEKTOR UMUM
STUDI KASUS: PV SYSTEM DI PAPUA
ME-4132 Energi Angin dan Matahari
WHAT IS SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV)?
How PV Works
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Senyawa kimia pada silikon
Foton sinar matahari mengenai kimia fotovoltaik
Elektron bebas dikumpulkan pada konduktor
Listrik DC dihasilkan
Inverter mengubah listrik DC ke AC
WHAT IS SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV)?
Some Quick Facts
• Tidak ada bagian yang bergerak, tidak ada suara, tidak berbau
• Sudah digunakan selama beberapa dekade
– Stasiun antariksa NASA / satelit
– Aplikasi off-grid
• Garansi produsen selama 20 - 25 tahun
– Mampu menghasilkan listrik selama 30+ tahun.
– Hanya 1 % kehilangan generator listrik setiap tahun (garansi
diperhitungkan)
BENEFITS OF PV
• Energi yang Tak Ketergantungan
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Menstabilkan harga energi jangka panjang
Mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil
Memastikan pasokan energi
Dukungan keamanan energi dan keamanan masyarakat
• Pembangunan Ekonomi Lokal
– Mendukung tenaga kerja lokal
• Manfaat lingkungan
– Meningkatkan Kualitas Udara (pengurangan N0x, S0x, emisi CO2)
• Berkaitan dengan penyakit pernapasan, hujan asam, ozon, pemanasan
global
– Mengurangi kebutuhan yang besar, pusat pembangkit listrik
• Ketidakpastian pasokan untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga gas alam, batu
bara, dan minyak bumi
CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTATION
(Why isn’t everyone doing it?)
• Biaya
– Biaya solar cell dan instalasi yang belum terjangkau oleh
masyarakat
• Kurangnya sumber daya pemerintah
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Manusia
Finansial
Pengetahuan dan pengenalan terhadap teknologi
Hanya dapat disediakan melalui program bantuan dan/atau
konsultan
• Kebijakan lokal/Birokrasi Masyarakat
– hambatan untuk perizinan, pengadaan, dan instalasi
PERANAN PEMERINTAH LOKAL
• Stimulasi transformasi pasar
• Mengaktifkan kebijakan dan aturan PV system
yang bersahabat
• Memfasilitasi investasi energi terbarukan
PV SYSTEM UNTUK FASILITAS
PEMERINTAH DAERAH
DI JAYAPURA, PAPUA
Project background
Objectives:
• Development of a knowledge centre on solar
energy at ITB in Bandung
– Improved curriculum on solar energy
– Source of knowledge for people and companies wanting to develop
solar energy projects
– Research program on solar energy
• Development of a pilot solar power system on
a rooftop in Papua
8/1/2017
– Create positive awareness about solar power possibilities
– Generation of data for academic research
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
8
Project background
Consortium
• UT: strong ambition regarding international cooperation in the
field of sustainable energy
• ITB: responsiveness towards developments in the field of
sustainability and energy in Indonesia
• Solinvest Renewable Energy: active in clean-tech energy
development in Indonesia
• WWF-Indonesia: knowledge of sustainable development in
Indonesia and particularly Papua
• KroeseWevers: process facilitation and control
8/1/2017
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
9
Consortium and cooperation in the
project
UT
K
W
8/1/2017
ITB
S-I
WWF
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
10
Consortium and cooperation in the
project
ITB
UnCen
Indonesian
universities
UT
Local
Gov.
CE
SMEs
K
W
S-I
WWF
8/1/2017
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
PLN
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Benefits of the PV system for Local
Government of Jayapura City
• Around 52.000 kWh produced per year and used
by Local Government: lower electricity bill
• Operations and maintenance skills developed by
staff of Pemda
• Positive exposure of Local Government to the
public
• Improvement of contacts with various universities
and organisations
12/12/2011
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
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PV System Jayapura (1)
The 35 kWp PV system have been installed on the roof of the
new Major office building in rooftop.
 Over 52.000 kWh produced per year, lower energy bill
Today a Cooperation Agreement will be signed between:
 The City of Jayapura  beneficiary of electricity, maintenance
 ITB  owner of the PV system for 6 years, research
 Universitas Cenderawasih  assisting in maintenance,
knowledge, research
 WWF Indonesia  public attention, education on solar power
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Major Building in Jayapura
PV System Jayapura (2)
The installation have been done by Indonesian solar energy
company PT Contained Energy in June 2012.
The PV system will operate for 25 years. For good operations
and maintenance the following steps have been taken:
1. Contained Energy provides a maintenance manual
2. Contained Energy provides a 2 day training to employees of
Pemda Jayapura, Uncen and WWF
3. Contained Energy will conduct inspection visits for 3 years
4. Uncen will assist in case of technical problems and assist in
annual inspections and provide extra training on Pemda’s
request
5. Guarantees on panels and inverters (5-15 years)
In this way we ensure reliable green electricity for 25 years.
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PV system in Jayapura, Papua
This is the scheme of the PV system that will be installed. It’s performance will be
monitored and evaluated.
12,24 kWp
x-Si
CEEG SST
240 Wp
12,24 kWp
x-Si
CEEG SST
240 Wp
7,2 kWp
Thin film
AmpleSun
100Wp
2.88 kWp
x-Si
CEEG SST
240 Wp
SMA
TriPower
12000TL
SMA
TriPower
12000TL
SMA
MC7000
HV
12 Involar
MicroInvert
ers
Diesel
GENSET
PLN
Electricity
consumption
building
Kantor Walikota Jayapura
Panel placement (35 kW, 50.000+ kWh/year)
Sketch of panel rack
Sunny Tripower Inverter
Solar System
Digital display Sunny Tripower inverter
Weather Hawk 232
PV SYSTEM Development (February 2012)
Roof (February 2012)
8/1/2017
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
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Control Room (February 2012)
8/1/2017
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
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Control Room (February 2012)
8/1/2017
Sustainable Solar Energy in
Indonesia
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PV SYSTEM Development (April 2012)
PV SYSTEM Development (October 2012)
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PV System in Jayapura