Study Buddy: Electron
Terms
Description
Wavelength (  )
distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
Frequency ( f )
the number of wave cycles per second
Amplitude ( A )
height of a wave’s crest or trough
Photon
a quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic
energy that interacts with matter similarly to particles
Energy Level or
Orbit
The specific energies an electron can have in an atom
based on Bohr’s atomic model; orbits farther from
nucleus have higher level numbers and energy
Orbital
3D region of space around the nucleus where there is a
high probability of finding an electron; based on math
equations used in the quantum mechanical model
Diagram/ Example
unit: meters (m)
unit: 1/sec, Hz (Hertz)
# times wave passes a
point in given time
unit: meters (m)
Ground State
Excited State
Lewis Valence
Electron Dot
Structure
The arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground
state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms
Electron in
orbit 1 or
orbit 2
http://www.uq.edu.au/_School_Science_Lessons/TWI
magesatoms.html
lithium (Li)
1s
Formed when electrons occupy the orbits or orbitals
closest to the nucleus; the lowest possible energy state of
an atom
Formed when electrons are further from the nucleus than
in the ground state; the energy of an atom is higher than
the ground state
A notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around
the atomic symbol of the element
or 1s22s1
2s
hydrogen (H)
or
1s1
hydrogen (H)
or
H
2s1
Li
Circle the EM spectrum
section with largest
frequency; place a square
around the section with the
largest wavelength. What is
the relationship between
frequency and wavelength?
Frequency and wavelength
are inversely proportional;
as wavelength increases
frequency decreases and
vice versa.
Look at the energy for the
6.63 x 10-14 J
waves with the largest and Energy 6.63 x 10-30 J
smallest frequency. What is the relationship between frequency and energy? Frequency and
energy are directly proportional; as frequency increases energy increases (has a larger exponent)
and vice versa.
10/26/15
SCIE_CHEM_ELEC_MAT_STUDYBUDDYTE_AL copyright © CFISD 2015
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http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/scienceprocesses/electromagnetic-diagram/
Electron
Configuration
Ephoton, Joules
Based on the EM Spectrum graphic, why is ultraviolet light more dangerous than infrared?
The energy of EM waves is directly proportional to the frequency of the wave. Since UV waves
have a higher frequency than IR, they are more energetic and can cause more harm to cells.
The Bohr models to the right of statements A and B represent an atom by showing its first two
energy levels/orbits. Draw in electrons to represent their movement for the observations given.
A. An atom absorbs a quantum of energy equivalent to the difference in energy
between orbits 1 and 2.
B. An atom emits a photon of red light equivalent to the energy difference between
orbits 1 and 2.
C. If a more intense red light was observed than in B, describe what would change on
the Bohr model? For a more intense light, more photons of the same energy would be
released; more electron jumps between orbits 1 and 2 would occur in a given time.
Wave calculations:
1. Calculate the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 600.nm (6.00 x 10-7 m).
c=fλ
3.00 x 108 m/s = f (6.00 x 10-7 m)
f = 5 x 1014 1/s = 5 x 1014 s-1 = 5 x 1014 Hz
2. What is the energy of violet light with a frequency of 7.50 x 1014 Hz?
E=hf
E = 6.63 x10-34 J·s (7.50 x 1014 1/s)
E = 4.97 x 10-19 J
Representing Electrons:
A. Fill in the Orbital Diagrams and write the corresponding electron configurations in the blanks.
1. O
1s
2s
Valence electrons= 6
Lewis Dot=
O
Valence electrons= 8
Lewis Dot=
O-2
2p
1s2 2s2 2p4
2. O-2
1s
2s
2p
1s2 2s2 2p6
3. Na
Valence electrons= 1
1s
2s
2p
2
3s
6
Lewis Dot=
Na
3p
1
1s 2s 2p 3s
2
4. As
Valence electrons= 5
1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3
4p
Lewis Dot=
As
B. Determine the number of valence electrons and write the Lewis Dot structure for each.
C. What is the relationship between the number of valence electrons for a neutral isotope and its
location on the periodic table? For main group elements valence electrons equals the group
number if it is a single digit, or the last number if it is two digits; 8 valence e- maximum.
10/26/15
SCIE_CHEM_ELEC_MAT_STUDYBUDDYTE_AL
copyright © CFISD 2015
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