MIS 2000 Information Systems for Management
Instructor: Bob Travica
Class 22
Systems Adoption Process
Updated: 2017
Outline
• Concept of Systems Adoption
• Factors of Systems Adoption
• Speed of Systems Adoption
• New System vs. Old Organization
• Management of IS Adoption
• Process/Change Management Process
• Summary
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Concept of Systems Adoption/Acceptance (SA)
•
•
•
•
SA is one of core IS issues.
Definition: SA is a process of translating an IS into the
regular use.
Focus is on IS users, especially primary users.
Often, adopting a system runs in parallel with adopting
new processes (PPC case) – change management process.
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Factors of Systems adoption
• Rogers (1962, 1983); check Note for
explanation. *
Complexity
(ease of use)
-
New IS
Adoption
+
Relative
Advantage
(usefulness)
+
+/-
Visibility
+
Trialability
Compatibility
4
Adoption Process
Rogers looks at adoption as a process of innovation
diffusion, which involves a communication channel, time,
and members of a social system (organization, group).
Five steps in adoption process: *
Get aware
Evaluate/
Decide
Interest
Yes
Evaluation
positive?
No
Confirm
Trial
Implement
Yes
Satisfied?
No
Reject
5
The S-Curve of Innovation Adoption – Various Technologies
Look for the inflection point where the curve start to climb diffusion expands.
6
How People Adopt Innovations
(New IS)
2.5% Self-starters,
no incentives needed
2.5% Resistors
(incurable)
Usually, a half of people belong to earlier and a half to later
adopters. There are 3 groups on each side. Managers should
first focus on earlier adopters, then on later adopters (Late
Majority, then Laggards in the end).
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New System vs. Old System/Processes: 3 Scenarios
Different groups in organizations react differently to new IS and business
processes. Groups may collide with new IS/processes and block them, or
accept them accept which are good for some groups but less so for others.
Current
organization
2. Partial Adoption
• One user group adopts IS,
3. Failed Adoption
• Target user group rejects IS
• Case of Electronic Medical
Record Systems
another does not
• Case of Financial Information
System
New IS, new/old proc.
1. Adoption
• Case of American city administration:
Adoption of computers by administrators;
Old processes made electronic unchanged
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Adoption
Current
organization
New IS, new/old proc.
• New IS developed so that old processes are put in
electronic form. Consequently, organization did not
change with IS adoption.
• Case of American city administration: Adoption of
computers by top administrators as secondary users.
• Old processes made electronic but unchanged. Top
administrators preserved power, lower management &
external stakeholders had no gain.
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Partial Adoption
Current
organization
• In FIS* case, corporate accountants influenced decisions on
IS design and accounting rules, which undermined the
position of department accountants. FIS pushed on all
accountants and changed accounting practices.
• Corporate accountants adopted FIS, while department
accountants opposed it.
• Gains for corporate accountants & executive mgmt., losses for
department accountants and department level management.
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Failed Adoption
Current
organization
• EMRS and new processes in three Quebec hospitals
were opposed by doctors who became primary users.
Nurses accepted EMRS that made their job bit easier.
• EMRS were eventually rejected, old processes
recovered, and system investments wasted.
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Managing IS Adoption – Change Management Process
Critical period
u
s
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Reject
Get
aware
Interest
Evaluate/
Decide
Repeat during
critical period
Promote +
Give access
to IS
Motivate +
Train for IS
& process
Stimulate
adoption
Manage
Maintenance
Block
opposition
Use
Reject
Implementing
Trial
Use
Confirm
Assess
adoption rate
& user
satisfaction
Facilitate
org. learning
Celebrate
achievements
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Summary
•
SA is a process of translating an IS into routine use. Usually coupled with
adopting new processes – altogether these make a change management
process.
•
Factors of systems adoption are complexity/ease of use, relative
advantage, compatibility, trialability, and visibility.
•
Adoption process consists of steps an individual goes through awareness,
interest, evaluation/decision, implementing trial, and confirmation (the
last two kicks in if the user stays on the course of adoption).
•
Adoption of any innovation follows an S-curve showing adopter % over
time. In general, 50% of users are early and 50% late adopters, each
side can be further differentiated into 3 groups. Managers should focus
first on the early majority group, then on the late majority group.
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Summary
•
IS adoption involves organizational groups with different interests. 3
scenarios: adoption, adoption, and rejection. Groups may be in tension,
and group perspective influences individual adopters.
•
Managing system adoption (change management) involves supporting
users in their adoption by promoting a system, making it available for
trial, motivating, training, stimulating early adopters, assessing user
satisfaction and adoption rates, managing maintenance, blocking
opposition, facilitating org. learning, and celebrating achievements
resulting from system adoption.
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